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p53 and glucose metabolism: an orchestra to be directed in cancer therapy. Pharmacol Res 2018; 131:75-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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52
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Li J, Fu F, Wan X, Huang S, Wu D, Li Y. Up-regulated miR-29c inhibits cell proliferation and glycolysis by inhibiting SLC2A3 expression in prostate cancer. Gene 2018; 665:26-34. [PMID: 29715514 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.04.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly cancer in male worldwide. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the progression of PCa remain unclear. MiR-29c was reported to be down-regulated in several kinds of tumors. Here, we for the first time demonstrated miR-29c was down-regulated in PCa samples. SLC2A3, a regulator of glycolysis, was validated as a direct target of miR-29c. Moreover, functional studies showed miR-29c could inhibit cell growth, induce apoptosis and deceased the rate of glucose metabolism. Accordingly, we identified miR-29c acted as a tumor-suppressor and was down-regulated in PCa. We thought this study will provide useful information to explore the potential candidate biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis targets of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junliang Li
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangqiu Fu
- School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuechao Wan
- School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengsong Huang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Denglong Wu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yao Li
- School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.
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Londhe P, Yu PY, Ijiri Y, Ladner KJ, Fenger JM, London C, Houghton PJ, Guttridge DC. Classical NF-κB Metabolically Reprograms Sarcoma Cells Through Regulation of Hexokinase 2. Front Oncol 2018; 8:104. [PMID: 29696133 PMCID: PMC5904193 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic reprogramming has emerged as a cancer hallmark, and one of the well-known cancer-associated metabolic alterations is the increase in the rate of glycolysis. Recent reports have shown that both the classical and alternative signaling pathways of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) play important roles in controlling the metabolic profiles of normal cells and cancer cells. However, how these signaling pathways affect the metabolism of sarcomas, specifically rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) and osteosarcoma (OS), has not been characterized. METHODS Classical NF-κB activity was inhibited through overexpression of the IκBα super repressor of NF-κB in RMS and OS cells. Global gene expression analysis was performed using Affymetrix GeneChip Human Transcriptome Array 2.0, and data were interpreted using gene set enrichment analysis. Seahorse Bioscience XFe24 was used to analyze oxygen consumption rate as a measure of aerobic respiration. RESULTS Inhibition of classical NF-κB activity in sarcoma cell lines restored alternative signaling as well as an increased oxidative respiratory metabolic phenotype in vitro. In addition, microarray analysis indicated that inhibition of NF-κB in sarcoma cells reduced glycolysis. We showed that a glycolytic gene, hexokinase (HK) 2, is a direct NF-κB transcriptional target. Knockdown of HK2 shifted the metabolic profile in sarcoma cells away from aerobic glycolysis, and re-expression of HK2 rescued the metabolic shift induced by inhibition of NF-κB activity in OS cells. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that classical signaling of NF-κB plays a crucial role in the metabolic profile of pediatric sarcomas potentially through the regulation of HK2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Londhe
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Peter Y. Yu
- Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Medical Student Research Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Yuichi Ijiri
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Katherine J. Ladner
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Joelle M. Fenger
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Cheryl London
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, Grafton, MA, United States
| | - Peter J. Houghton
- Greehey Children’s Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Denis C. Guttridge
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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55
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Role of multifaceted regulators in cancer glucose metabolism and their clinical significance. Oncotarget 2017; 7:31572-85. [PMID: 26934324 PMCID: PMC5058779 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant glucose metabolism, "aerobic glycolysis" or "Warburg effect", is a hallmark of human cancers. There is a cluster of "multifaceted regulators", which plays a pivotal role in the regulation of glucose metabolism. They can not only modulate the activities of specific enzymes, but also act as transcriptional activators to regulate the expression of metabolism related genes. Additionally, they can crosstalk with other key factors involved in glucose metabolism and work together to initiate multiple oncogenic processes. These "multifaceted regulators", especially p53, HIF-1, TIGAR and microRNA, will be focused in this review. And we will comprehensively illustrate their regulatory effects on cancer glucose metabolism, and further elaborate on their clinical significance. In-depth elucidation the role of "multifaceted regulators" in cancer glucose metabolism will provide us novel insights in cancer research field and offer promising therapeutic targets for anti-cancer therapies.
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56
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Li J, Zhang J, Xie F, Peng J, Wu X. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor promotes Warburg effect via activation of the NF‑κB/HIF‑1α pathway in lung cancer. Int J Mol Med 2017; 41:1062-1068. [PMID: 29207023 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery/Huiqiao Medical Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Junhua Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Fengjiao Xie
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Jiangzhou Peng
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Xu Wu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery/Huiqiao Medical Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
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57
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Morales-Prieto N, Abril N. REDOX proteomics reveals energy metabolism alterations in the liver of M. spretus mice exposed to p, p'-DDE. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 186:848-863. [PMID: 28826133 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity induced by the pesticide 2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1,1,-trichloroethane (DDT) and its derivative 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (p,p'-DDE) has been associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation and respiratory chain electron transport, intracellular ion imbalance, generation of reactive oxygen species and impairment of the antioxidant defense system. A disruption in the cellular redox status causes protein Cys-based regulatory shifts that influence the activity of many proteins and trigger signal transduction alterations. Here, we analyzed the ability of p,p'-DDE to alter the activities of hepatic antioxidants and glycolytic enzymes to investigate the oxidative stress generation in the liver of p,p'-DDE-fed M. spretus mice. We also determined the consequences of the treatment on the redox status in the thiol Cys groups. The data indicate that the liver of p,p'-DDE exposed mice lacks certain protective enzymes, and p,p'-DDE caused a metabolic reprogramming that increased the glycolytic rate and disturbed the metabolism of lipids. Our results suggested that the overall metabolism of the liver was altered because important signaling pathways are controlled by p,p'-DDE-deregulated proteins. The histological data support the proposed metabolic consequences of the p,p'-DDE exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Morales-Prieto
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Severo Ochoa, E-14071, Córdoba, España, Spain
| | - Nieves Abril
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Severo Ochoa, E-14071, Córdoba, España, Spain.
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58
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Deng S, Li Y, Yi G, Lei B, Guo M, Xiang W, Chen Z, Liu Y, Qi S. Overexpression of COX7A2 is associated with a good prognosis in patients with glioma. J Neurooncol 2017; 136:41-50. [PMID: 29079956 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-017-2637-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A2 (COX7A2) is a nuclear-encoded polypeptide involved in assembly and regulation of cytochrome c oxidase (COX). Changes in the respiratory chain as big complex are known to be associated with cancer, but little research has been performed to discover COX7A2 as a prognostic marker in glioma. In the present study, we investigated COX7A2 expression and its prognostic significance in glioma. Glioma surgical tissue samples were taken from 126 patients who had been followed up from 4 to 51 months. Immunohistochemistry were used to test COX7A2 expression in the 126 tumor samples. Eighty-six of 126 (68.3%) paraffin-embedded glioma biopsies showed high expression of COX7A2. Statistical analysis displayed that there was significant difference of COX7A2 expression level in patients categorized according to WHO classification. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that patients with higher COX7A2 expression had longer overall survival time and better prognosis. R2: microarray analysis based on Tumor Glioma French 284 database, Tumor Glioblastoma TCGA 540 database, and Tumor Glioma Kawaguchi 50 database testified that high expression of COX7A2 is associated with a good prognosis in patients with glioma. Multivariate analysis showed that COX7A2 high expression was an independent prognostic indicator for survival. Our results suggest that COX7A2 could be served as a valuable prognostic marker of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengze Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou Dadao Bei Street 1838#, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.,Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaomin Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou Dadao Bei Street 1838#, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.,Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Guozhong Yi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou Dadao Bei Street 1838#, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.,Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Bingxi Lei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou Dadao Bei Street 1838#, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.,Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Manlan Guo
- Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Xiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou Dadao Bei Street 1838#, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.,Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Ziyang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou Dadao Bei Street 1838#, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.,Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Yawei Liu
- Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
| | - Songtao Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou Dadao Bei Street 1838#, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China. .,Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
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Riedlinger T, Dommerholt MB, Wijshake T, Kruit JK, Huijkman N, Dekker D, Koster M, Kloosterhuis N, Koonen DP, de Bruin A, Baker D, Hofker MH, van Deursen J, Jonker JW, Schmitz ML, van de Sluis B. NF-κB p65 serine 467 phosphorylation sensitizes mice to weight gain and TNFα-or diet-induced inflammation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017; 1864:1785-1798. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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60
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Doerstling SS, O'Flanagan CH, Hursting SD. Obesity and Cancer Metabolism: A Perspective on Interacting Tumor-Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors. Front Oncol 2017; 7:216. [PMID: 28959684 PMCID: PMC5604081 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with increased risk and poor prognosis of many types of cancers. Several obesity-related host factors involved in systemic metabolism can influence tumor initiation, progression, and/or response to therapy, and these have been implicated as key contributors to the complex effects of obesity on cancer incidence and outcomes. Such host factors include systemic metabolic regulators including insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1, adipokines, inflammation-related molecules, and steroid hormones, as well as the cellular and structural components of the tumor microenvironment, particularly adipose tissue. These secreted and structural host factors are extrinsic to, and interact with, the intrinsic metabolic characteristics of cancer cells to influence their growth and spread. This review will focus on the interplay of these tumor cell-intrinsic and extrinsic factors in the context of energy balance, with the objective of identifying new intervention targets for preventing obesity-associated cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven S Doerstling
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Ciara H O'Flanagan
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Stephen D Hursting
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,University of North Carolina Nutrition Research Institute, Kannapolis, NC, United States
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61
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Wong HR, Cvijanovich NZ, Anas N, Allen GL, Thomas NJ, Bigham MT, Weiss SL, Fitzgerald JC, Checchia PA, Meyer K, Quasney M, Hall M, Gedeit R, Freishtat RJ, Nowak J, Raj SS, Gertz S, Grunwell JR, Lindsell CJ. Improved Risk Stratification in Pediatric Septic Shock Using Both Protein and mRNA Biomarkers. PERSEVERE-XP. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 196:494-501. [PMID: 28324661 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201701-0066oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE We previously derived and validated the Pediatric Sepsis Biomarker Risk Model (PERSEVERE) to estimate baseline mortality risk in children with septic shock. The PERSEVERE biomarkers are serum proteins selected from among the proteins directly related to 80 mortality risk assessment genes. The initial approach to selecting the PERSEVERE biomarkers left 68 genes unconsidered. OBJECTIVES To determine if the 68 previously unconsidered genes can improve upon the performance of PERSEVERE and to provide biological information regarding the pathophysiology of septic shock. METHODS We reduced the number of variables by determining the biological linkage of the 68 previously unconsidered genes. The genes identified through variable reduction were combined with the PERSEVERE-based mortality probability to derive a risk stratification model for 28-day mortality using classification and regression tree methodology (n = 307). The derived tree, PERSEVERE-XP, was then tested in a separate cohort (n = 77). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Variable reduction revealed a network consisting of 18 mortality risk assessment genes related to tumor protein 53 (TP53). In the derivation cohort, PERSEVERE-XP had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.90 (95% confidence interval, 0.85-0.95) for differentiating between survivors and nonsurvivors. In the test cohort, the AUC was 0.96 (95% confidence interval, 0.91-1.0). The AUC of PERSEVERE-XP was superior to that of PERSEVERE. CONCLUSIONS PERSEVERE-XP combines protein and mRNA biomarkers to provide mortality risk stratification with possible clinical utility. PERSEVERE-XP significantly improves on PERSEVERE and suggests a role for TP53-related cellular division, repair, and metabolism in the pathophysiology of septic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector R Wong
- 1 Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio.,2 Department of Pediatrics and
| | | | - Nick Anas
- 4 Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, California
| | | | - Neal J Thomas
- 6 Penn State Children's Hospital, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Scott L Weiss
- 8 The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Paul A Checchia
- 9 Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Keith Meyer
- 10 Miami Children's Hospital, Miami, Florida
| | - Michael Quasney
- 11 C. S. Mott Children's Hospital at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Mark Hall
- 12 Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Rainer Gedeit
- 13 Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | | | - Jeffrey Nowak
- 15 Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Shekhar S Raj
- 16 Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Shira Gertz
- 17 Joseph M. Sanzari Children's Hospital, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, New Jersey; and
| | | | - Christopher J Lindsell
- 19 Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
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62
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San-Millán I, Brooks GA. Reexamining cancer metabolism: lactate production for carcinogenesis could be the purpose and explanation of the Warburg Effect. Carcinogenesis 2017; 38:119-133. [PMID: 27993896 PMCID: PMC5862360 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgw127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we use lessons learned in exercise physiology and metabolism to propose that augmented lactate production (‘lactagenesis’), initiated by gene mutations, is the reason and purpose of the Warburg Effect and that dysregulated lactate metabolism and signaling are the key elements in carcinogenesis. Lactate-producing (‘lactagenic’) cancer cells are characterized by increased aerobic glycolysis and excessive lactate formation, a phenomenon described by Otto Warburg 93 years ago, which still remains unexplained. After a hiatus of several decades, interest in lactate as a player in cancer has been renewed. In normal physiology, lactate, the obligatory product of glycolysis, is an important metabolic fuel energy source, the most important gluconeogenic precursor, and a signaling molecule (i.e. a ‘lactormone’) with major regulatory properties. In lactagenic cancers, oncogenes and tumor suppressor mutations behave in a highly orchestrated manner, apparently with the purpose of increasing glucose utilization for lactagenesis purposes and lactate exchange between, within and among cells. Five main steps are identified (i) increased glucose uptake, (ii) increased glycolytic enzyme expression and activity, (iii) decreased mitochondrial function, (iv) increased lactate production, accumulation and release and (v) upregulation of monocarboxylate transporters MTC1 and MCT4 for lactate exchange. Lactate is probably the only metabolic compound involved and necessary in all main sequela for carcinogenesis, specifically: angiogenesis, immune escape, cell migration, metastasis and self-sufficient metabolism. We hypothesize that lactagenesis for carcinogenesis is the explanation and purpose of the Warburg Effect. Accordingly, therapies to limit lactate exchange and signaling within and among cancer cells should be priorities for discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iñigo San-Millán
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Physiology Laboratory, CU Sports Medicine and Performance Center, Boulder, CO 80309, USA and
| | - George A Brooks
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Rajamani U, Gross AR, Ocampo C, Andres AM, Gottlieb RA, Sareen D. Endocrine disruptors induce perturbations in endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria of human pluripotent stem cell derivatives. Nat Commun 2017; 8:219. [PMID: 28794470 PMCID: PMC5550485 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00254-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent exposure to man-made endocrine disrupting chemicals during fetal endocrine development may lead to disruption of metabolic homeostasis contributing to childhood obesity. Limited cellular platforms exist to test endocrine disrupting chemical-induced developmental abnormalities in human endocrine tissues. Here we use an human-induced pluripotent stem cell-based platform to demonstrate adverse impacts of obesogenic endocrine disrupting chemicals in the developing endocrine system. We delineate the effects upon physiological low-dose exposure to ubiquitous endocrine disrupting chemicals including, perfluoro-octanoic acid, tributyltin, and butylhydroxytoluene, in endocrine-active human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived foregut epithelial cells and hypothalamic neurons. Endocrine disrupting chemicals induce endoplasmic reticulum stress, perturb NF-κB, and p53 signaling, and diminish mitochondrial respiratory gene expression, spare respiratory capacity, and ATP levels. As a result, normal production and secretion of appetite control hormones, PYY, α-MSH, and CART, are hampered. Blocking NF-κB rescues endocrine disrupting chemical-induced aberrant mitochondrial phenotypes and endocrine dysregulation, but not ER-stress and p53-phosphorylation changes.Harmful chemicals that disrupt the endocrine system and hormone regulation have been associated with obesity. Here the authors apply a human pluripotent stem cell-based platform to study the effects of such compounds on developing gut endocrine and neuroendocrine systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uthra Rajamani
- Board of Governors-Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Andrew R Gross
- Board of Governors-Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Camille Ocampo
- Board of Governors-Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Allen M Andres
- Metabolism and Mitochondrial Research Core, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.,Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Roberta A Gottlieb
- Metabolism and Mitochondrial Research Core, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.,Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Dhruv Sareen
- Board of Governors-Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA. .,Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA. .,iPSC Core, The David Janet Polak Foundation Stem Cell Core Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
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64
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Djordjevic J, Thomson E, Chowdhury SR, Snow WM, Perez C, Wong TP, Fernyhough P, Albensi BC. Brain region- and sex-specific alterations in mitochondrial function and NF-κB signaling in the TgCRND8 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neuroscience 2017; 361:81-92. [PMID: 28802916 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common late onset neurodegenerative disorder with indications that women are disproportionately affected. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been one of the most discussed hypotheses associated with the early onset and progression of AD, and it has been attributed to intraneuronal accumulation of amyloid β (Aβ). It was suggested that one of the possible mediators for Aβ-impaired mitochondrial function is the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. NF-κB plays important roles in brain inflammation and antioxidant defense, as well as in the regulation of mitochondrial function, and studies have confirmed altered NF-κB signaling in AD brain. In this study, we looked for sex-based differences in impaired bioenergetic processes and NF-κB signaling in the AD-like brain using transgenic (Tg) CRND8 mice that express excessive brain Aβ, but without tau pathology. Our results show that mitochondrial dysfunction is not uniform in affected brain regions. We observed increased basal and coupled respiration in the hippocampus of TgCRND8 females only, along with a decreased Complex II-dependent respiratory activity. Cortical mitochondria from TgCRND8 mice have reduced uncoupled respiration capacity, regardless of sex. The pattern of changes in NF-κB signaling was the same in both brain structures, but was sex specific. Whereas in females there was an increase in all three subunits of NF-κB, in males we observed increase in p65 and p105, but no changes in p50 levels. These results demonstrate that mitochondrial function and inflammatory signaling in the AD-like brain is region- and sex-specific, which is an important consideration for therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Djordjevic
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
| | - Ella Thomson
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Subir Roy Chowdhury
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Wanda M Snow
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Claudia Perez
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Tak Pan Wong
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Paul Fernyhough
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Benedict C Albensi
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
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Capece D, Verzella D, Tessitore A, Alesse E, Capalbo C, Zazzeroni F. Cancer secretome and inflammation: The bright and the dark sides of NF-κB. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 78:51-61. [PMID: 28779979 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tumour promoting inflammation is widely recognized as a hallmark of cancer. The source of this chronic inflammation in cancer has been ascribed to the progressive activation over time of immune cells, mostly of the innate arm of the immune system. However, recent evidence has shown that chronic inflammation may also derive, at least in part, from senescent cells. Hence, due to the prominent role of inflammation in cancer, the cancer secretome definition includes all the secretory factors ensuing from the crosstalk between the cancer cell and the tumour microenvironment. The mechanistic basis underlying the paracrine signalling between the cancer cell and the surrounding tumour microenvironment in malignancy have been widely investigated by using in vivo models of cancers, thus identifying the NF-κB transcription factor as the molecular hub linking inflammation and cancer. In this review, we highlight the roles of NF-κB in regulating the inflammation-derived secretome emanating from immune and senescent cells, with a special focus on the bright and the dark sides of their pro-inflammatory signalling on tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Capece
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB), University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy; Centre for Cell Signalling and Inflammation, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Daniela Verzella
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB), University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy; Centre for Cell Signalling and Inflammation, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Alessandra Tessitore
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB), University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Edoardo Alesse
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB), University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Carlo Capalbo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesca Zazzeroni
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB), University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
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66
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Zhang Y, Sun H, Zhang J, Brasier AR, Zhao Y. Quantitative Assessment of the Effects of Trypsin Digestion Methods on Affinity Purification-Mass Spectrometry-based Protein-Protein Interaction Analysis. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:3068-3082. [PMID: 28726418 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Affinity purification-mass spectrometry (AP-MS) has become the method of choice for discovering protein-protein interactions (PPIs) under native conditions. The success of AP-MS depends on the efficiency of trypsin digestion and the recovery of the tryptic peptides for MS analysis. Several different protocols have been used for trypsin digestion of protein complexes in AP-MS studies, but no systematic studies have been conducted on the impact of trypsin digestion conditions on the identification of PPIs. Here, we used NFκB/RelA and Bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) as baits and test five distinct trypsin digestion methods (two using "on-beads," three using "elution-digestion" protocols). Although the performance of the trypsin digestion protocols change slightly depending on the different baits, antibodies and cell lines used, we found that elution-digestion methods consistently outperformed on-beads digestion methods. The high-abundance interactors can be identified universally by all five methods, but the identification of low-abundance RelA interactors is significantly affected by the choice of trypsin digestion method. We also found that different digestion protocols influence the selected reaction monitoring (SRM)-MS quantification of PPIs, suggesting that optimization of trypsin digestion conditions may be required for robust targeted analysis of PPIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueqing Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB) , Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB) , Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB) , Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Allan R Brasier
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB) , Galveston, Texas 77555, United States.,Institute for Translational Sciences, UTMB , Galveston, Texas 77555, United States.,Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, UTMB , Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Yingxin Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB) , Galveston, Texas 77555, United States.,Institute for Translational Sciences, UTMB , Galveston, Texas 77555, United States.,Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, UTMB , Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
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67
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Eisenreich W, Rudel T, Heesemann J, Goebel W. To Eat and to Be Eaten: Mutual Metabolic Adaptations of Immune Cells and Intracellular Bacterial Pathogens upon Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:316. [PMID: 28752080 PMCID: PMC5508010 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular bacterial pathogens (IBPs) invade and replicate in different cell types including immune cells, in particular of the innate immune system (IIS) during infection in the acute phase. However, immune cells primarily function as essential players in the highly effective and integrated host defense systems comprising the IIS and the adaptive immune system (AIS), which cooperatively protect the host against invading microbes including IBPs. As countermeasures, the bacterial pathogens (and in particular the IBPs) have developed strategies to evade or reprogram the IIS at various steps. The intracellular replication capacity and the anti-immune defense responses of the IBP's as well as the specific antimicrobial responses of the immune cells of the innate and the AIS depend on specific metabolic programs of the IBPs and their host cells. The metabolic programs of the immune cells supporting or counteracting replication of the IBPs appear to be mutually exclusive. Indeed, recent studies show that upon interaction of naïve, metabolically quiescent immune cells with IBPs, different metabolic activation processes occur which may result in the provision of a survival and replication niche for the pathogen or its eradication. It is therefore likely that within a possible host cell population subsets exist that are metabolically programmed for pro- or anti-microbial conditions. These metabolic programs may be triggered by the interactions between different bacterial agonistic components and host cell receptors. In this review, we summarize the current status in the field and discuss metabolic adaptation processes within immune cells of the IIS and the IBPs that support or restrict the intracellular replication of the pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Eisenreich
- Department of Chemistry, Chair of Biochemistry, Technische Universität MünchenGarching, Germany
| | - Thomas Rudel
- Department of Microbiology, Biocenter, University of WürzburgWürzburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Heesemann
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institute, Chair of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Ludwig Maximilian University of MunichMünchen, Germany
| | - Werner Goebel
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institute, Chair of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Ludwig Maximilian University of MunichMünchen, Germany
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68
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Soubannier V, Stifani S. NF-κB Signalling in Glioblastoma. Biomedicines 2017; 5:biomedicines5020029. [PMID: 28598356 PMCID: PMC5489815 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines5020029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is a transcription factor regulating a wide array of genes mediating numerous cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, motility and survival, to name a few. Aberrant activation of NF-κB is a frequent event in numerous cancers, including glioblastoma, the most common and lethal form of brain tumours of glial cell origin (collectively termed gliomas). Glioblastoma is characterized by high cellular heterogeneity, resistance to therapy and almost inevitable recurrence after surgery and treatment. NF-κB is aberrantly activated in response to a variety of stimuli in glioblastoma, where its activity has been implicated in processes ranging from maintenance of cancer stem-like cells, stimulation of cancer cell invasion, promotion of mesenchymal identity, and resistance to radiotherapy. This review examines the mechanisms of NF-κB activation in glioblastoma, the involvement of NF-κB in several mechanisms underlying glioblastoma propagation, and discusses some of the important questions of future research into the roles of NF-κB in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Soubannier
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A2B4, Canada.
| | - Stefano Stifani
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A2B4, Canada.
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69
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Bordi M, Nazio F, Campello S. The Close Interconnection between Mitochondrial Dynamics and Mitophagy in Cancer. Front Oncol 2017; 7:81. [PMID: 28512624 PMCID: PMC5411450 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent decades have revealed the shape changes of mitochondria and their regulators to be main players in a plethora of physiological cell processes. Mitochondria are extremely dynamic organelles whose highly controlled morphological changes respond to specific and diverse pathophysiological needs. Thus, their qualitative control is crucial for the determination of cell function and fate. Moreover, ever-new metabolic changes, mainly attributable to mitochondrial (dys)functions, are strongly connected to cancer and its microenvironment. For this reason, the aspects controlling mitochondria activity and status are in the oncological spotlight. In this review, we elucidate the most intriguing discoveries related to two apparently independent but strictly interconnected processes crucial for the organelle functionality and fate, mitochondrial dynamics, and mitophagy. We will mostly focus on their metabolic interconnections and regulations that can causally foster a tumoral context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Bordi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Nazio
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Campello
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
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70
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Zhou F, Xu X, Wu J, Wang D, Wang J. NF-κB controls four genes encoding core enzymes of tricarboxylic acid cycle. Gene 2017; 621:12-20. [PMID: 28400269 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
NF-κB may promote tumor progression by altering cell metabolism. Hence, finding its target genes that are involved in cell metabolism is helpful for understanding its role in tumor growth. Here we discovered four metabolism-related target genes of this transcription factor. By analyzing a chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by deep sequencing (ChIP-Seq) data that characterizing the global binding sites (BSs) of NF-κB RelA in the TNFα-stimulated HeLa cells, we found that four genes that encode core enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, including IDH1, IDH3A, ACO2, and SUCLA2, were multiply bound by this transcription factor. The subsequent bioinformatic analysis revealed that the NF-κB BSs contained many canonical κB sequences and the NF-κB-like DNA-binding motifs. Detection of ChIPed DNA with polymerase chain reaction (ChIP-PCR) also indicated that the NF-κB BSs were bound by NF-κB in both TNFα-treated HeLa and HepG2 cells. The reporter construct showed that the NF-κB BSs could activate the luciferase expression in cells in a NF-κB-specific manner. The quantitative PCR and Western blot detections demonstrated that NF-κB could regulate the expressions of IDH1, IDH3A, and ACO2 genes at both mRNA and protein levels and that of SUCLA2 gene at mRNA level in the TNFα-treated HeLa and HepG2 cells. Based on these investigations we identified the four genes as new target genes of NF-κB. The finding provides new insights into the role of NF-κB in cellular energetic metabolism, which may be beneficial for understanding the metabolic physiology of tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Xinhui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Jian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Danyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Jinke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
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71
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Verma N, Manna SK. Advanced glycation end products (AGE) potentiates cell death in p53 negative cells via upregulaion of NF-kappa B and impairment of autophagy. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:3598-3610. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neeharika Verma
- Laboratory of Immunology; Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics; Hyderabad Telangana India
- Graduate Studies; Manipal University; Manipal Karnataka India
| | - Sunil K. Manna
- Laboratory of Immunology; Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics; Hyderabad Telangana India
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72
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RAGE-TLR Crosstalk Sustains Chronic Inflammation in Neurodegeneration. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:1463-1476. [PMID: 28168427 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0419-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory reactions are consistenly present in neurodegeneration of Alzheimer type and are considered important factors that accelerate progression of the disease. Receptors of innate immunity participate in triggering and driving inflammatory reactions. For example, Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and receptor for advanced glycation end product (RAGE), major receptors of innate immunity, play a central role in perpetuation of inflammation. RAGE activation should be perceived as a primary mechanism which determines self-perpetuated chronic inflammation, and RAGE cooperation with TLRs amplifies inflammatory signaling. In this review, we highlight and discuss that RAGE-TLR crosstalk emerges as an important driving force of chronic inflammation in Alzheimer's disease.
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73
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Burns TJ, Frei AP, Gherardini PF, Bava FA, Batchelder JE, Yoshiyasu Y, Yu JM, Groziak AR, Kimmey SC, Gonzalez VD, Fantl WJ, Nolan GP. High-throughput precision measurement of subcellular localization in single cells. Cytometry A 2017; 91:180-189. [PMID: 28094900 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
To quantify visual and spatial information in single cells with a throughput of thousands of cells per second, we developed Subcellular Localization Assay (SLA). This adaptation of Proximity Ligation Assay expands the capabilities of flow cytometry to include data relating to localization of proteins to and within organelles. We used SLA to detect the nuclear import of transcription factors across cell subsets in complex samples. We further measured intranuclear re-localization of target proteins across the cell cycle and upon DNA damage induction. SLA combines multiple single-cell methods to bring about a new dimension of inquiry and analysis in complex cell populations. © 2017 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J Burns
- Department of Cancer Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Andreas P Frei
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Stanford, California
| | - Pier F Gherardini
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Stanford, California
| | - Felice A Bava
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Stanford, California
| | - Jake E Batchelder
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Yuki Yoshiyasu
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Julie M Yu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | | | - Samuel C Kimmey
- Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Veronica D Gonzalez
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Stanford, California
| | - Wendy J Fantl
- Stanford Comprehensive Cancer Institute and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Garry P Nolan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
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74
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EBV Infection and Glucose Metabolism in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1018:75-90. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-5765-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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75
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Sulforaphane induces differential modulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics in normal cells and tumor cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 100:90-102. [PMID: 27993529 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Antioxidant-based chemotherapy has been intensely debated. Herein, we show that sulforaphane (SFN) induced mitochondrial biogenesis followed by mitochondrial fusion in a kidney cell line commonly used in nephroprotective models. At the same concentration and exposure time, SFN induced cell death in prostate cancer cells accompanied by mitochondrial biogenesis and fragmentation. Stabilization of the nuclear factor E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) could be associated with these effects in the tumor cell line. An increase in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ co-activator-1α (PGC1α) level and a decrease in the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1α) level would suggest a possible metabolic shift. The knockdown in the nuclear respiratory factor-1 (NRF1) attenuated the SFN-induced effect on prostate cancer cells demonstrating that mitochondrial biogenesis plays an important role in cell death for this kind of tumor cells. This evidence supports SFN as a potential antineoplastic agent that could inhibit tumor development and could protect normal tissues by modulating common processes.
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76
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Corbi G, Conti V, Davinelli S, Scapagnini G, Filippelli A, Ferrara N. Dietary Phytochemicals in Neuroimmunoaging: A New Therapeutic Possibility for Humans? Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:364. [PMID: 27790141 PMCID: PMC5062465 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although several efforts have been made in the search for genetic and epigenetic patterns linked to diseases, a comprehensive explanation of the mechanisms underlying pathological phenotypic plasticity is still far from being clarified. Oxidative stress and inflammation are two of the major triggers of the epigenetic alterations occurring in chronic pathologies, such as neurodegenerative diseases. In fact, over the last decade, remarkable progress has been made to realize that chronic, low-grade inflammation is one of the major risk factor underlying brain aging. Accumulated data strongly suggest that phytochemicals from fruits, vegetables, herbs, and spices may exert relevant immunomodulatory and/or anti-inflammatory activities in the context of brain aging. Starting by the evidence that a common denominator of aging and chronic degenerative diseases is represented by inflammation, and that several dietary phytochemicals are able to potentially interfere with and regulate the normal function of cells, in particular neuronal components, aim of this review is to summarize recent studies on neuroinflammaging processes and proofs indicating that specific phytochemicals may act as positive modulators of neuroinflammatory events. In addition, critical pathways involved in mediating phytochemicals effects on neuroinflammaging were discussed, exploring the real impact of these compounds in preserving brain health before the onset of symptoms leading to inflammatory neurodegeneration and cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziamaria Corbi
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise Campobasso, Italy
| | - Valeria Conti
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno Salerno, Italy
| | - Sergio Davinelli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise Campobasso, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scapagnini
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise Campobasso, Italy
| | - Amelia Filippelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno Salerno, Italy
| | - Nicola Ferrara
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of NaplesNaples, Italy; Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of TeleseTelese Terme, Italy
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77
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NF-κB signaling pathway and its potential as a target for therapy in lymphoid neoplasms. Blood Rev 2016; 31:77-92. [PMID: 27773462 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The NF-κB pathway, a critical regulator of apoptosis, plays a key role in many normal cellular functions. Genetic alterations and other mechanisms leading to constitutive activation of the NF-κB pathway contribute to cancer development, progression and therapy resistance by activation of downstream anti-apoptotic pathways, unfavorable microenvironment interactions, and gene dysregulation. Not surprisingly, given its importance to normal and cancer cell function, the NF-κB pathway has emerged as a target for therapy. In the review, we present the physiologic role of the NF-κB pathway and recent advances in better understanding of the pathologic roles of the NF-κB pathway in major types of lymphoid neoplasms. We also provide an update of clinical trials that use NF-κB pathway inhibitors. These trials are exploring the clinical efficiency of combining NF-κB pathway inhibitors with various agents that target diverse mechanisms of action with the goal being to optimize novel therapeutic opportunities for targeting oncogenic pathways to eradicate cancer cells.
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78
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Iwao C, Shidoji Y. Upregulation of energy metabolism-related, p53-target TIGAR and SCO2 in HuH-7 cells with p53 mutation by geranylgeranoic acid treatment. Biomed Res 2016; 36:371-81. [PMID: 26700591 DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.36.371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic alternation in cancer cells is one of the most common characteristics that distinguish malignant cells from normal cells. Many studies have explained the Warburg hypothesis that cancer cells obtain more energy from aerobic glycolysis than mitochondrial respiration. Here, we show that a branched-chain C-20 polyunsaturated fatty acid, geranylgeranoic acid (GGA), induces upregulation of the cellular protein levels of TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR) and synthesis of cytochrome c oxidase 2 (SCO2) in human hepatoma-derived HuH-7cells harboring the mutant TP53 gene, suggesting that GGA may shift an energetic state of the tumor cells from aerobic glycolysis to mitochondrial respiration. In addition, UPLC/TOF/MS-based metabolomics analysis supported the GGA-induced energetic shift, as it revealed that GGA induced a time-dependent increase in the cellular contents of fructose 6-phosphate and decrease of fructose 1,6-diphosphate. Furthermore, metabolomics analysis revealed that GGA rapidly induced spermine accumulation with slight decrease of spermidine. Taken together, the present study strongly suggests that GGA may shift HuH-7 cells from aerobic glycolysis to mitochondrial respiration through the immediate upregulation of TIGAR and SCO2 protein levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieko Iwao
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, Graduate School of Human Health Science, University of Nagasaki
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79
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Alterations of mitochondrial biogenesis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells with loss of p53. Mitochondrion 2016; 31:33-39. [PMID: 27650502 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Deletion of chromosome 17p with a loss of p53 is an unfavorable cytogenetic change in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) with poor clinical outcome. Since p53 affects mitochondrial function and integrity, we examined possible mitochondrial changes in CLL mice with TCL1-Tg/p53-/- and TCL1-Tg/p53+/+ genotypes and in primary leukemia cells from CLL patients with or without 17p-deletion. Although the expression of mitochondrial COX1, ND2, and ND6 decreased in p53-/-CLL cells, there was an increase in mitochondrial biogenesis as evidenced by higher mitochondrial mass and mtDNA copy number associated with an elevated expression of TFAM and PGC-1α. Surprisingly, the overall mitochondrial respiratory activity and maximum reserved capacity increased in p53-/- CLL cells. Our study suggests that leukemia cells lacking p53 seem able to maintain respiratory function by compensatory increase in mitochondrial biogenesis.
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80
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Lionaki E, Gkikas I, Tavernarakis N. Differential Protein Distribution between the Nucleus and Mitochondria: Implications in Aging. Front Genet 2016; 7:162. [PMID: 27695477 PMCID: PMC5025450 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2016.00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The coordination of nuclear and mitochondrial genomes plays a pivotal role in maintenance of mitochondrial biogenesis and functionality during stress and aging. Environmental and cellular inputs signal to nucleus and/or mitochondria to trigger interorganellar compensatory responses. Loss of this tightly orchestrated coordination results in loss of cellular homeostasis and underlies various pathologies and age-related diseases. Several signaling cascades that govern interorganellar communication have been revealed up to now, and have been classified as part of the anterograde (nucleus to mitochondria) or retrograde (mitochondrial to nucleus) response. Many of these molecular pathways rely on the dual distribution of nuclear or mitochondrial components under basal or stress conditions. These dually localized components usually engage in specific tasks in their primary organelle of function, whilst upon cellular stimuli, they appear in the other organelle where they engage in the same or a different task, triggering a compensatory stress response. In this review, we focus on protein factors distributed between the nucleus and mitochondria and activated to exert their functions upon basal or stress conditions. We further discuss implications of bi-organellar targeting in the context of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Lionaki
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas Heraklion, Greece
| | - Ilias Gkikas
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas Heraklion, Greece
| | - Nektarios Tavernarakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-HellasHeraklion, Greece; Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of CreteHeraklion, Greece
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81
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Diaz-Aguirre V, Velez-Pardo C, Jimenez-Del-Rio M. Fructose sensitizes Jurkat cells oxidative stress-induced apoptosis via caspase-dependent and caspase-independent mechanisms. Cell Biol Int 2016; 40:1162-1173. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Diaz-Aguirre
- Neuroscience Research Group; Faculty of Medicine; Medical Research Institute; University of Antioquia (UdeA); Calle 70 No. 52-21 and Calle 62 # 52-59, Building 1, Room 412 SIU Medellin Colombia
| | - Carlos Velez-Pardo
- Neuroscience Research Group; Faculty of Medicine; Medical Research Institute; University of Antioquia (UdeA); Calle 70 No. 52-21 and Calle 62 # 52-59, Building 1, Room 412 SIU Medellin Colombia
| | - Marlene Jimenez-Del-Rio
- Neuroscience Research Group; Faculty of Medicine; Medical Research Institute; University of Antioquia (UdeA); Calle 70 No. 52-21 and Calle 62 # 52-59, Building 1, Room 412 SIU Medellin Colombia
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82
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Liu J, Zhang C, Wu R, Lin M, Liang Y, Liu J, Wang X, Yang B, Feng Z. RRAD inhibits the Warburg effect through negative regulation of the NF-κB signaling. Oncotarget 2016; 6:14982-92. [PMID: 25893381 PMCID: PMC4558130 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells preferentially use aerobic glycolysis to meet their increased energetic and biosynthetic demands, a phenomenon known as the Warburg effect. Its underlying mechanism is not fully understood. RRAD, a small GTPase, is a potential tumor suppressor in lung cancer. RRAD expression is frequently down-regulated in lung cancer, which is associated with tumor progression and poor prognosis. Recently, RRAD was reported to repress the Warburg effect, indicating that down-regulation of RRAD expression is an important mechanism contributing to the Warburg effect in lung cancer. However, the mechanism by which RRAD inhibits the Warburg effect remains unclear. Here, we found that RRAD negatively regulates the NF-κB signaling to inhibit the GLUT1 translocation and the Warburg effect in lung cancer cells. Mechanically, RRAD directly binds to the p65 subunit of the NF-κB complex and inhibits the nuclear translocation of p65, which in turn negatively regulates the NF-κB signaling to inhibit GLUT1 translocation and the Warburg effect. Blocking the NF-κB signaling largely abolishes the inhibitory effects of RRAD on the translocation of GLUT1 to the plasma membrane and the Warburg effect. Taken together, our results revealed a novel mechanism by which RRAD negatively regulates the Warburg effect in lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Cen Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Rui Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meihua Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Yingjian Liang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Bo Yang
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhaohui Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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83
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Wagner T, Kiweler N, Wolff K, Knauer SK, Brandl A, Hemmerich P, Dannenberg JH, Heinzel T, Schneider G, Krämer OH. Sumoylation of HDAC2 promotes NF-κB-dependent gene expression. Oncotarget 2016; 6:7123-35. [PMID: 25704882 PMCID: PMC4466673 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is crucial for the maintenance of homeostasis. It is incompletely understood how nuclear NF-κB and the crosstalk of NF-κB with other transcription factors are controlled. Here, we demonstrate that the epigenetic regulator histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) activates NF-κB in transformed and primary cells. This function depends on both, the catalytic activity and an intact HDAC2 sumoylation motif. Several mechanisms account for the induction of NF-κB through HDAC2. The expression of wild-type HDAC2 can increase the nuclear presence of NF-κB. In addition, the ribosomal S6 kinase 1 (RSK1) and the tumor suppressor p53 contribute to the regulation of NF-κB by HDAC2. Moreover, TP53 mRNA expression is positively regulated by wild-type HDAC2 but not by sumoylation-deficient HDAC2. Thus, sumoylation of HDAC2 integrates NF-κB signaling involving p53 and RSK1. Since HDAC2-dependent NF-κB activity protects colon cancer cells from genotoxic stress, our data also suggest that high HDAC2 levels, which are frequently found in tumors, are linked to chemoresistance. Accordingly, inhibitors of NF-κB and of the NF-κB/p53-regulated anti-apoptotic protein survivin significantly sensitize colon carcinoma cells expressing wild-type HDAC2 to apoptosis induced by the genotoxin doxorubicin. Hence, the HDAC2-dependent signaling node we describe here may offer an interesting therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Wagner
- Centre for Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Biochemistry, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Nicole Kiweler
- Department of Toxicology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Katharina Wolff
- Centre for Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Biochemistry, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Shirley K Knauer
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Molecular Biology II, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - André Brandl
- Centre for Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Biochemistry, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Peter Hemmerich
- Leibniz-Institute for Age Research, Fritz-Lipmann-Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Jan-Hermen Dannenberg
- Division of Gene Regulation, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thorsten Heinzel
- Centre for Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Biochemistry, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Günter Schneider
- Klinikum rechts der Isar, II. Medizinische Klinik, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Oliver H Krämer
- Department of Toxicology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
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84
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Aoki S, Ariyasu S, Hanaya K, Hisamatsu Y, Sugai T. Chemical Reactions of 8-Quinolinol Derivatives and Their Applications to Biochemical Tools and Enzyme Inhibitors. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2016. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.74.482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shin Aoki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Shinya Ariyasu
- School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University
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85
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Zhao X, Jiang K, Liang B, Huang X. Anticancer effect of xanthohumol induces growth inhibition and apoptosis of human liver cancer through NF-κB/p53-apoptosis signaling pathway. Oncol Rep 2015; 35:669-75. [PMID: 26718026 PMCID: PMC4689487 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Xanthohumol may prevent and cure diabetes and atherosis, have oxidation resistance and antiviral function as well as anticancer effect preventing cancer cell metastasis. We investigate whether the anticancer effect of xanthohumol induces growth inhibition and apoptosis of human liver cancer through NF-κB/p53-apoptosis signaling pathway. Human liver cancer HepG2 cell were treated with 10, 20, 30 and 40 µM xanthohumol for 48 h. The present study showed that the anticancer effect of xanthohumol was effective in inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis of human liver cancer HepG2 cells. Furthermore, the caspase-3 activity of human liver cancer HepG2 cells was increased by xanthohumol. In addition, 48-h treatment with xanthohumol suppressed NF-κB expression and promoted p53, cleaved PARP, AIF and cytochrome c expression and downregulated XIAP and Bcl-2/Bax expression in human liver cancer HepG2 cells. Therefore, the anticancer effect of xanthohumol induces growth inhibition and apoptosis of human liver cancer through the NF-κB/p53-apoptosis signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangqian Zhao
- Hospital and Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Kai Jiang
- Hospital and Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Bin Liang
- Hospital and Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqiang Huang
- Hospital and Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
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86
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Alvero AB, Montagna MK, Sumi NJ, Joo WD, Graham E, Mor G. Multiple blocks in the engagement of oxidative phosphorylation in putative ovarian cancer stem cells: implication for maintenance therapy with glycolysis inhibitors. Oncotarget 2015; 5:8703-15. [PMID: 25237928 PMCID: PMC4226715 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Survival rate in ovarian cancer has not improved since chemotherapy was introduced a few decades ago. The dismal prognosis is mostly due to disease recurrence where majority of the patients succumb to the disease. The demonstration that tumors are comprised of subfractions of cancer cells displaying heterogeneity in stemness potential, chemoresistance, and tumor repair capacity suggests that recurrence may be driven by the chemoresistant cancer stem cells. Thus to improve patient survival, novel therapies should eradicate this cancer cell population. We show that in contrast to the more differentiated ovarian cancer cells, the putative CD44+/MyD88+ ovarian cancer stem cells express lower levels of pyruvate dehydrogenase, Cox–I, Cox-II, and Cox–IV, and higher levels of UCP2. Together, this molecular phenotype establishes a bioenergetic profile that prefers the use of glycolysis over oxidative phosphorylation to generate ATP. This bioenergetic profile is conserved in vivo and therefore a maintenance regimen of 2-deoxyglucose administered after Paclitaxel treatment is able to delay the progression of recurrent tumors and decrease tumor burden in mice. Our findings strongly suggest the value of maintenance with glycolysis inhibitors with the goal of improving survival in ovarian cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha B Alvero
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Michele K Montagna
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Natalia J Sumi
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Won Duk Joo
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Emma Graham
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Gil Mor
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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87
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Douglass AN, Kain HS, Abdullahi M, Arang N, Austin LS, Mikolajczak SA, Billman ZP, Hume JCC, Murphy SC, Kappe SHI, Kaushansky A. Host-based Prophylaxis Successfully Targets Liver Stage Malaria Parasites. Mol Ther 2015; 23:857-865. [PMID: 25648263 PMCID: PMC4427874 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2015.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Eliminating malaria parasites during the asymptomatic but obligate liver stages (LSs) of infection would stop disease and subsequent transmission. Unfortunately, only a single licensed drug that targets all LSs, Primaquine, is available. Targeting host proteins might significantly expand the repertoire of prophylactic drugs against malaria. Here, we demonstrate that both Bcl-2 inhibitors and P53 agonists dramatically reduce LS burden in a mouse malaria model in vitro and in vivo by altering the activity of key hepatocyte factors on which the parasite relies. Bcl-2 inhibitors act primarily by inducing apoptosis in infected hepatocytes, whereas P53 agonists eliminate parasites in an apoptosis-independent fashion. In combination, Bcl-2 inhibitors and P53 agonists act synergistically to delay, and in some cases completely prevent, the onset of blood stage disease. Both families of drugs are highly effective at doses that do not cause substantial hepatocyte cell death in vitro or liver damage in vivo. P53 agonists and Bcl-2 inhibitors were also effective when administered to humanized mice infected with Plasmodium falciparum. Our data demonstrate that host-based prophylaxis could be developed into an effective intervention strategy that eliminates LS parasites before the onset of clinical disease and thus opens a new avenue to prevent malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyse N Douglass
- Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Heather S Kain
- Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Marian Abdullahi
- Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Nadia Arang
- Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Laura S Austin
- Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | | | - Zachary P Billman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and the Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Jen C C Hume
- Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Sean C Murphy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and the Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Stefan H I Kappe
- Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Alexis Kaushansky
- Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States.
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88
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Shi D, Dai C, Qin J, Gu W. Negative regulation of the p300-p53 interplay by DDX24. Oncogene 2015; 35:528-36. [PMID: 25867071 PMCID: PMC4603993 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies indicate that p300 acts as a key transcriptional cofactor in vivo, at least, in part, through modulating activities of p53 by acetylation. Nevertheless, the regulation of the p53-p300 interplay is not completely understood. Here, we have identified the DEAD box RNA helicase DDX24 as a novel regulator of the p300-p53 axis. We found that DDX24 interacts with p300, and this interaction leads to suppression of p300 mediated acetylation of p53. Notably, RNAi-mediated knockdown of endogenous DDX24 significantly increases the acetylation levels of endogenous p53 in human cancer cells and subsequently promotes p53-mediated activation of its transcriptional targets such as p21 and PUMA. In contrast, DDX24 expression inhibits the p300-p53 interaction and suppresses p300-mediated acetylation of p53. Moreover, DDX24 is overexpressed in human cancer cells and reduction of DDX24 protein levels by RNAi induces cell cycle arrest and senescence in a p53 dependent manner. These results reveal DDX24 as an important regulator of p300 and suggest that the modulation of the p53-p300 interplay by DDX24 is critical in controlling p53 activities in human cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Shi
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - C Dai
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - J Qin
- Departments of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, USA
| | - W Gu
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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89
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Zhang S, Tang F, Yang Y, Lu M, Luan A, Zhang J, Yang J, Wang H. Astragaloside IV protects against isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy by regulating NF-κB/PGC-1α signaling mediated energy biosynthesis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118759. [PMID: 25738576 PMCID: PMC4349820 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that Astragaloside IV (ASIV), a major active constituent of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch) Bge protects against cardiac hypertrophy in rats induced by isoproterenol (Iso), however the mechanism underlying the protection remains unknown. Dysfunction of cardiac energy biosynthesis contributes to the hypertrophy and Nuclear Factor κB (NF-κB)/Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ Coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) signaling gets involved in the dysfunction. The present study was designed to investigate the mechanism by which ASIV improves the cardiac hypertrophy with focuses on the NF-κB/PGC-1α signaling mediated energy biosynthesis. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats or Neonatal Rat Ventricular Myocytes (NRVMs) were treated with Iso alone or in combination with ASIV. The results showed that combination with ASIV significantly attenuated the pathological changes, reduced the ratios of heart weight/body weight and Left ventricular weight/body weight, improved the cardiac hemodynamics, down-regulated mRNA expression of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) and Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP), increased the ratio of ATP/AMP, and decreased the content of Free Fat Acid (FFA) in heart tissue of rats compared with Iso alone. In addition, pretreatment with ASIV significantly decreased the surface area and protein content, down-regulated mRNA expression of ANP and BNP, increased the ratio of ATP/AMP, and decreased the content of FFA in NRVMs compared with Iso alone. Furthermore, ASIV increased the protein expression of ATP5D, subunit of ATP synthase and PGC-1α, inhibited translocation of p65, subunit of NF-κB into nuclear fraction in both rats and NRVMs compared with Iso alone. Parthenolide (Par), the specific inhibitor of p65, exerted similar effects as ASIV in NRVMs. Knockdown of p65 with siRNA decreased the surface areas and increased PGC-1α expression of NRVMs compared with Iso alone. The results suggested that ASIV protects against Iso-induced cardiac hypertrophy through regulating NF-κB/PGC-1α signaling mediated energy biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research of Liaoning Province, Drug Research Institute, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Futian Tang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research of Liaoning Province, Drug Research Institute, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Yuhong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research of Liaoning Province, Drug Research Institute, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Meili Lu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research of Liaoning Province, Drug Research Institute, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Aina Luan
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research of Liaoning Province, Drug Research Institute, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research of Liaoning Province, Drug Research Institute, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Juan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research of Liaoning Province, Drug Research Institute, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Hongxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research of Liaoning Province, Drug Research Institute, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, P.R. China
- * E-mail:
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90
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Matteucci C, Minutolo A, Marino-Merlo F, Grelli S, Frezza C, Mastino A, Macchi B. Characterization of the enhanced apoptotic response to azidothymidine by pharmacological inhibition of NF-kB. Life Sci 2015; 127:90-7. [PMID: 25744407 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The present study addresses the issue of enhanced apoptotic response to AZT following co-treatment with an NF-kB inhibitor. MAIN METHODS To investigate this issue, different cell lines were assayed for susceptibility to AZT-mediated apoptosis without or with the addition of the NF-kB inhibitor Bay-11-7085. For further investigation, U937 cells were selected as good-responder cells to the combination treatment with 32 or 128 μM AZT, and 1 μM Bay-11-7085. Inhibition of NF-kB activation by Bay-11-7085 in cells treated with AZT was assayed through Western blot analysis of p65 expression and by EMSA. Involvement of the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis in mechanisms underlying the improved effect of AZT following Bay-11-7085 co-treatment, was evaluated by assaying the cytochrome c release and the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) status using the JC-1 dye. Moreover, the transcriptional activity of both anti- and pro-apoptotic genes in U937 cells after combination treatment was quantitatively evaluated through real-time PCR. KEY FINDINGS We found that the combined treatment induced high levels of cytochrome c release and of MMP collapse in association with evident changes in the expression of both anti- and pro-apoptotic genes of the Bcl-2 family. Overexpression of Bcl-2 significantly suppressed the sensitization of U937 cells to an enhanced apoptotic response to AZT following co-treatment with the NF-kB inhibitor. SIGNIFICANCE The new findings suggest that a combination regimen based on AZT plus an NF-kB inhibitor could represent a new chemotherapeutic tool for retrovirus-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Matteucci
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Minutolo
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Marino-Merlo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Sandro Grelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Frezza
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Mastino
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy; The Institute of Translational Pharmacology, CNR, Rome, Italy.
| | - Beatrice Macchi
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
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91
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Piano A, Titorenko VI. The Intricate Interplay between Mechanisms Underlying Aging and Cancer. Aging Dis 2015; 6:56-75. [PMID: 25657853 PMCID: PMC4306474 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2014.0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Age is the major risk factor in the incidence of cancer, a hyperplastic disease associated with aging. Here, we discuss the complex interplay between mechanisms underlying aging and cancer as a reciprocal relationship. This relationship progresses with organismal age, follows the history of cell proliferation and senescence, is driven by common or antagonistic causes underlying aging and cancer in an age-dependent fashion, and is maintained via age-related convergent and divergent mechanisms. We summarize our knowledge of these mechanisms, outline the most important unanswered questions and suggest directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Piano
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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92
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Dang YP, Yuan XY, Tian R, Li DG, Liu W. Curcumin improves the paclitaxel-induced apoptosis of HPV-positive human cervical cancer cells via the NF-κB-p53-caspase-3 pathway. Exp Ther Med 2015; 9:1470-1476. [PMID: 25780454 PMCID: PMC4353755 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Paclitaxel, isolated from Taxus brevifolia, is considered to be an efficacious agent against a wide spectrum of human cancers, including human cervical cancer. However, dose-limiting toxicity and high cost limit its clinical application. Curcumin, a nontoxic food additive, has been reported to improve paclitaxel chemotherapy in mouse models of cervical cancer. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, two human cervical cancer cell lines, CaSki [human papilloma virus (HPV)16-positive] and HeLa (HPV18-positive), were selected in which to investigate the effect of curcumin on the anticancer action of paclitaxel and further clarify the mechanisms. Flow cytometry and MTT analysis demonstrated that curcumin significantly promoted paclitaxel-induced apoptosis and cytotoxicity in the two cervical cell lines compared with that observed with paclitaxel alone (P<0.05). Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction indicated that the decline of HPV E6 and E7 gene expression induced by paclitaxel was also assisted by curcumin. The expression levels of p53 protein and cleaved caspase-3 were increased significantly in the curcumin plus paclitaxel-treated HeLa and CaSki cells compared with those in the cells treated with paclitaxel alone (P<0.01). Significant reductions in the levels of phosphorylation of IκBα and the p65-NF-κB subunit in CaSki cells treated with curcumin and paclitaxel were observed compared with those in cells treated with paclitaxel alone (P<0.05). This suggests that the combined effect of curcumin and paclitaxel was associated with the NF-κB-p53-caspase-3 pathway. In conclusion, curcumin has the ability to improve the paclitaxel-induced apoptosis of HPV-positive human cervical cancer cell lines via the NF-κB-p53-caspase-3 pathway. Curcumin in combination with paclitaxel may provide a superior therapeutic effect on human cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ping Dang
- Department of Dermatology, Air Force General Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Ying Yuan
- Department of Dermatology, Air Force General Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Rong Tian
- Department of Dermatology, Air Force General Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Guang Li
- Department of Dermatology, Air Force General Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Air Force General Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
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93
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Zhang ZN, Chung SK, Xu Z, Xu Y. Oct4 maintains the pluripotency of human embryonic stem cells by inactivating p53 through Sirt1-mediated deacetylation. Stem Cells 2014; 32:157-65. [PMID: 24038750 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Oct4 is critical to maintain the pluripotency of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs); however, the underlying mechanism remains to be fully understood. Here, we report that silencing of Oct4 in hESCs leads to the activation of tumor suppressor p53, inducing the differentiation of hESCs since acute disruption of p53 in p53 conditional knockout (p53CKO) hESCs prevents the differentiation of hESCs after Oct4 depletion. We further discovered that the silencing of Oct4 significantly reduces the expression of Sirt1, a deacetylase known to inhibit p53 activity and the differentiation of ESCs, leading to increased acetylation of p53 at lysine 120 and 164. The importance of Sirt1 in mediating Oct4-dependent pluripotency is revealed by the finding that the ectopic expression of Sirt1 in Oct4-silenced hESCs prevents p53 activation and hESC differentiation. In addition, using knock-in approach, we revealed that the acetylation of p53 at lysine 120 and 164 is required for both stabilization and activity of p53 in hESCs. In summary, our findings reveal a novel role of Oct4 in maintaining the pluripotency of hESCs by suppressing pathways that induce differentiation. Considering that p53 suppresses pluripotency after DNA damage response in ESCs, our findings further underscore the stringent mechanism to coordinate DNA damage response pathways and pluripotency pathways in order to maintain the pluripotency and genomic stability of hESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Ning Zhang
- Section of Molecular Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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94
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Kasahara A, Scorrano L. Mitochondria: from cell death executioners to regulators of cell differentiation. Trends Cell Biol 2014; 24:761-70. [PMID: 25189346 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 308] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Most, if not all mitochondrial functions, including adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) production and regulation of apoptosis and Ca(2+) homeostasis, are inextricably linked to mitochondrial morphology and dynamics, a process controlled by a family of GTP-dependent dynamin related 'mitochondria-shaping' proteins. Mitochondrial fusion and fission directly influence mitochondrial metabolism, apoptotic and necrotic cell death, autophagy, muscular atrophy and cell migration. In this review, we discuss the recent evidence indicating that mitochondrial dynamics influence complex signaling pathways, affect gene expression and define cell differentiation. These findings extend the importance of mitochondria to developmental biology, far beyond their mere bioenergetic role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Kasahara
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Luca Scorrano
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy; Dulbecco-Telethon Institute, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129 Padua, Italy.
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95
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Cooks T, Harris CC, Oren M. Caught in the cross fire: p53 in inflammation. Carcinogenesis 2014; 35:1680-90. [PMID: 24942866 PMCID: PMC4123652 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgu134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The p53 transcription factor is a major tumor suppressor, whose diverse activities serve to ensure genome stability and inhibit neoplastic processes. In recent years, it is becoming increasingly clear that p53 also plays a broader role in maintaining cellular homeostasis, as well as contributing to tissue homeostasis in a non-cell-autonomous fashion. Chronic inflammation is a potential cancer-promoting condition, and as such is also within the radar of p53, which mounts a multifaceted attempt to prevent the escalation of chronic tissue imbalance into neoplasia. Recent understanding of the p53 pathway and other family members reveals a broad interaction with inflammatory elements such as reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, cytokines, infectious agents and major immune-regulatory pathways like nuclear factor-kappaB. This complex cross talk is highly dependent on p53 status, as different p53 isoforms and p53 mutants can mediate different responses and even promote chronic inflammation and associated cancer, acting in the tumor cells as well as in the stromal and immune compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomer Cooks
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-4258, USA and Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute for Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Curtis C Harris
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-4258, USA and Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute for Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Moshe Oren
- Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute for Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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96
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Design and synthesis of 8-hydroxyquinoline-based radioprotective agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:3891-905. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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97
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Histone deacetylase 2 controls p53 and is a critical factor in tumorigenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2014; 1846:524-38. [PMID: 25072962 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 07/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) regulates biological processes by deacetylation of histones and non-histone proteins. HDAC2 is overexpressed in numerous cancer types, suggesting general cancer-relevant functions of HDAC2. In human tumors the TP53 gene encoding p53 is frequently mutated and wild-type p53 is often disarmed. Molecular pathways inactivating wild-type p53 often remain to be defined and understood. Remarkably, current data link HDAC2 to the regulation of the tumor suppressor p53 by deacetylation and to the maintenance of genomic stability. Here, we summarize recent findings on HDAC2 overexpression in solid and hematopoietic cancers with a focus on mechanisms connecting HDAC2 and p53 in vitro and in vivo. In addition, we present an evidence-based model that integrates molecular pathways and feedback loops by which p53 and further transcription factors govern the expression and the ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation of HDAC2 and of p53 itself. Understanding the interactions between p53 and HDAC2 might aid in the development of new therapeutic approaches against cancer.
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98
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Oliveira PF, Martins AD, Moreira AC, Cheng CY, Alves MG. The Warburg effect revisited--lesson from the Sertoli cell. Med Res Rev 2014; 35:126-51. [PMID: 25043918 DOI: 10.1002/med.21325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Otto Warburg observed that cancerous cells prefer fermentative instead of oxidative metabolism of glucose, although the former is in theory less efficient. Since Warburg's pioneering works, special attention has been given to this difference in cell metabolism. The Warburg effect has been implicated in cell transformation, immortalization, and proliferation during tumorigenesis. Cancer cells display enhanced glycolytic activity, which is correlated with high proliferation, and thus, glycolysis appears to be an excellent candidate to target cancer cells. Nevertheless, little attention has been given to noncancerous cells that exhibit a "Warburg-like" metabolism with slight, but perhaps crucial, alterations that may provide new directions to develop new and effective anticancer therapies. Within the testis, the somatic Sertoli cell (SC) presents several common metabolic features analogous to cancer cells, and a clear "Warburg-like" metabolism. Nevertheless, SCs actively proliferate only during a specific time period, ceasing to divide in most species after puberty, when they become terminally differentiated. The special metabolic features of SC, as well as progression from the immature but proliferative state, to the mature nonproliferative state, where a high glycolytic activity is maintained, make these cells unique and a good model to discuss new perspectives on the Warburg effect. Herein we provide new insight on how the somatic SC may be a source of new and exciting information concerning the Warburg effect and cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro F Oliveira
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
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99
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Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDA) are extremely aggressive cancers and currently available therapies are only minimally effective in treating this disease. Tackling this devastating cancer has been a major challenge to the scientific and medical communities, in part due to its intense therapeutic resistance. One of the aspects of this tumor that contributes to its aggressive behavior is its altered cellular metabolism. Indeed, PDA cells seem to possess the ability to adapt their metabolism to the particular environment to which they are exposed, including utilizing diverse fuel sources depending on their availability. Moreover, PDA tumors are efficient at recycling various metabolic substrates through activation of different salvage pathways such as autophagy and macropinocytosis. Together, these diverse metabolic adaptations allow PDA cells to survive and thrive in harsh environments that may lack nutrients and oxygen. Not surprisingly, given its central role in the pathogenesis of this tumor, oncogenic Kras plays a critical role in much of the metabolic reprogramming seen in PDA. In this review, we discuss the metabolic landscape of PDA tumors, including the molecular underpinnings of the key regulatory nodes, and describe how such pathways can be exploited for future diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristovão Marques Sousa
- Division of Genomic Stability and DNA Repair, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Alec C Kimmelman
- Division of Genomic Stability and DNA Repair, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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100
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Gasparini C, Celeghini C, Monasta L, Zauli G. NF-κB pathways in hematological malignancies. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:2083-102. [PMID: 24419302 PMCID: PMC11113378 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1545-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear factor κB or NF-κB transcription factor family plays a key role in several cellular functions, i.e. inflammation, apoptosis, cell survival, proliferation, angiogenesis, and innate and acquired immunity. The constitutive activation of NF-κB is typical of most malignancies and plays a major role in tumorigenesis. In this review, we describe NF-κB and its two pathways: the canonical pathway (RelA/p50) and the non-canonical pathway (RelB/p50 or RelB/p52). We then consider the role of the NF-κB subunits in the development and functional activity of B cells, T cells, macrophages and dendritic cells, which are the targets of hematological malignancies. The relevance of the two pathways is described in normal B and T cells and in hematological malignancies, acute and chronic leukemias (ALL, AML, CLL, CML), B lymphomas (DLBCLs, Hodgkin's lymphoma), T lymphomas (ATLL, ALCL) and multiple myeloma. We describe the interaction of NF-κB with the apoptotic pathways induced by TRAIL and the transcription factor p53. Finally, we discuss therapeutic anti-tumoral approaches as mono-therapies or combination therapies aimed to block NF-κB activity and to induce apoptosis (PARAs and Nutlin-3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Gasparini
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Via dell'Istria 65/1, 34137, Trieste, Italy,
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