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Gabius HJ, Manning JC, Kopitz J, André S, Kaltner H. Sweet complementarity: the functional pairing of glycans with lectins. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:1989-2016. [PMID: 26956894 PMCID: PMC11108359 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2163-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates establish the third alphabet of life. As part of cellular glycoconjugates, the glycans generate a multitude of signals in a minimum of space. The presence of distinct glycotopes and the glycome diversity are mapped by sugar receptors (antibodies and lectins). Endogenous (tissue) lectins can read the sugar-encoded information and translate it into functional aspects of cell sociology. Illustrated by instructive examples, each glycan has its own ligand properties. Lectins with different folds can converge to target the same epitope, while intrafamily diversification enables functional cooperation and antagonism. The emerging evidence for the concept of a network calls for a detailed fingerprinting. Due to the high degree of plasticity and dynamics of the display of genes for lectins the validity of extrapolations between different organisms of the phylogenetic tree yet is inevitably limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-J Gabius
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539, Munich, Germany.
| | - J C Manning
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - J Kopitz
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S André
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - H Kaltner
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539, Munich, Germany
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52
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Loke I, Kolarich D, Packer NH, Thaysen-Andersen M. Emerging roles of protein mannosylation in inflammation and infection. Mol Aspects Med 2016; 51:31-55. [PMID: 27086127 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Proteins are frequently modified by complex carbohydrates (glycans) that play central roles in maintaining the structural and functional integrity of cells and tissues in humans and lower organisms. Mannose forms an essential building block of protein glycosylation, and its functional involvement as components of larger and diverse α-mannosidic glycoepitopes in important intra- and intercellular glycoimmunological processes is gaining recognition. With a focus on the mannose-rich asparagine (N-linked) glycosylation type, this review summarises the increasing volume of literature covering human and non-human protein mannosylation, including their structures, biosynthesis and spatiotemporal expression. The review also covers their known interactions with specialised host and microbial mannose-recognising C-type lectin receptors (mrCLRs) and antibodies (mrAbs) during inflammation and pathogen infection. Advances in molecular mapping technologies have recently revealed novel immuno-centric mannose-terminating truncated N-glycans, termed paucimannosylation, on human proteins. The cellular presentation of α-mannosidic glycoepitopes on N-glycoproteins appears tightly regulated; α-mannose determinants are relative rare glycoepitopes in physiological extracellular environments, but may be actively secreted or leaked from cells to transmit potent signals when required. Simultaneously, our understanding of the molecular basis on the recognition of mannosidic epitopes by mrCLRs including DC-SIGN, mannose receptor, mannose binding lectin and mrAb is rapidly advancing, together with the functional implications of these interactions in facilitating an effective immune response during physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Ultimately, deciphering these complex mannose-based receptor-ligand interactions at the detailed molecular level will significantly advance our understanding of immunological disorders and infectious diseases, promoting the development of future therapeutics to improve patient clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Loke
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Daniel Kolarich
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Nicolle H Packer
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Morten Thaysen-Andersen
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
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53
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Ippel H, Miller MC, Vértesy S, Zheng Y, Cañada FJ, Suylen D, Umemoto K, Romanò C, Hackeng T, Tai G, Leffler H, Kopitz J, André S, Kübler D, Jiménez-Barbero J, Oscarson S, Gabius HJ, Mayo KH. Intra- and intermolecular interactions of human galectin-3: assessment by full-assignment-based NMR. Glycobiology 2016; 26:888-903. [PMID: 26911284 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cww021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 is an adhesion/growth-regulatory protein with a modular design comprising an N-terminal tail (NT, residues 1-111) and the conserved carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD, residues 112-250). The chimera-type galectin interacts with both glycan and peptide motifs. Complete (13)C/(15)N-assignment of the human protein makes NMR-based analysis of its structure beyond the CRD possible. Using two synthetic NT polypeptides covering residues 1-50 and 51-107, evidence for transient secondary structure was found with helical conformation from residues 5 to 15 as well as proline-mediated, multi-turn structure from residues 18 to 32 and around PGAYP repeats. Intramolecular interactions occur between the CRD F-face (the 5-stranded β-sheet behind the canonical carbohydrate-binding 6-stranded β-sheet of the S-face) and NT in full-length galectin-3, with the sequence P(23)GAW(26)…P(37)GASYPGAY(45) defining the primary binding epitope within the NT. Work with designed peptides indicates that the PGAX motif is crucial for self-interactions between NT/CRD. Phosphorylation at position Ser6 (and Ser12) (a physiological modification) and the influence of ligand binding have minimal effect on this interaction. Finally, galectin-3 molecules can interact weakly with each other via the F-faces of their CRDs, an interaction that appears to be assisted by their NTs. Overall, our results add insight to defining binding sites on galectin-3 beyond the canonical contact area for β-galactosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Ippel
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Michelle C Miller
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Sabine Vértesy
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Yi Zheng
- School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, 130024 Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - F Javier Cañada
- Chemical and Physical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Dennis Suylen
- Department of Biochemistry and CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Kimiko Umemoto
- Department of Chemistry, International Christian University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Cecilia Romanò
- Center for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Tilman Hackeng
- Department of Biochemistry and CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Guihua Tai
- School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, 130024 Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Hakon Leffler
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Microbiology, Immunology, Glycobiology Section, 22362 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jürgen Kopitz
- Institute of Pathology, Applied Tumor Biology, Ruprecht-Karls-University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine André
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Dieter Kübler
- Mechanismen Biomolekularer Interaktionen, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technological Park, 48160 Derio, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Science Foundation, 28009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Stefan Oscarson
- Center for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Kevin H Mayo
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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54
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Toegel S, Weinmann D, André S, Walzer SM, Bilban M, Schmidt S, Chiari C, Windhager R, Krall C, Bennani-Baiti IM, Gabius HJ. Galectin-1 Couples Glycobiology to Inflammation in Osteoarthritis through the Activation of an NF-κB-Regulated Gene Network. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:1910-21. [PMID: 26792806 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease that ranks among the leading causes of adult disability. Mechanisms underlying osteoarthritis pathogenesis are not yet fully elucidated, putting limits to current disease management and treatment. Based on the phenomenological evidence for dysregulation within the glycome of chondrocytes and the network of a family of adhesion/growth-regulatory lectins, that is, galectins, we tested the hypothesis that Galectin-1 is relevant for causing degeneration. Immunohistochemical analysis substantiated that Galectin-1 upregulation is associated with osteoarthritic cartilage and subchondral bone histopathology and severity of degeneration (p < 0.0001, n = 29 patients). In vitro, the lectin was secreted and it bound to osteoarthritic chondrocytes inhibitable by cognate sugar. Glycan-dependent Galectin-1 binding induced a set of disease markers, including matrix metalloproteinases and activated NF-κB, hereby switching on an inflammatory gene signature (p < 10(-16)). Inhibition of distinct components of the NF-κB pathway using dedicated inhibitors led to dose-dependent impairment of Galectin-1-mediated transcriptional activation. Enhanced secretion of effectors of degeneration such as three matrix metalloproteinases underscores the data's pathophysiological relevance. This study thus identifies Galectin-1 as a master regulator of clinically relevant inflammatory-response genes, working via NF-κB. Because inflammation is critical to cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritis, this report reveals an intimate relation of glycobiology to osteoarthritic cartilage degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Toegel
- Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology, Department of Orthopaedics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Daniela Weinmann
- Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology, Department of Orthopaedics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine André
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Sonja M Walzer
- Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology, Department of Orthopaedics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Bilban
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Core Facility Genomics, Core Facilities, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sebastian Schmidt
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Catharina Chiari
- Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology, Department of Orthopaedics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Reinhard Windhager
- Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology, Department of Orthopaedics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Krall
- Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Medical University Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; and
| | | | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
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55
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Onion-like glycodendrimersomes from sequence-defined Janus glycodendrimers and influence of architecture on reactivity to a lectin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:1162-7. [PMID: 26787853 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1524976113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A library of eight amphiphilic Janus glycodendrimers (GDs) with d-mannose (Man) headgroups, a known routing signal for lectin-mediated transport processes, was constructed via an iterative modular methodology. Sequence-defined variations of the Janus GD modulate the surface density and sequence of Man after self-assembly into multilamellar glycodendrimersomes (GDSs). The spatial mode of Man presentation is decisive for formation of either unilamellar or onion-like GDS vesicles. Man presentation and Janus GD concentration determine GDS size and number of bilayers. Beyond vesicle architecture, Man topological display affects kinetics and plateau level of GDS aggregation by a tetravalent model lectin: the leguminous agglutinin Con A, which is structurally related to endogenous cargo transporters. The agglutination process was rapid, efficient, and readily reversible for onion-like GDSs, demonstrating their value as versatile tools to explore the nature of physiologically relevant glycan/lectin pairing.
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56
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Wu G, Lu ZH, André S, Gabius HJ, Ledeen RW. Functional interplay between ganglioside GM1 and cross-linking galectin-1 induces axon-like neuritogenesis via integrin-based signaling and TRPC5-dependent Ca²⁺ influx. J Neurochem 2015; 136:550-63. [PMID: 26526326 PMCID: PMC4720552 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Axon‐like neuritogenesis in neuroblastoma (NG108‐15) cells and primary cerebellar granular neurons is furthered by the presence of ganglioside GM1. We describe here that galectin‐1 (Gal‐1), a homobivalent endogenous lectin, is an effector by cross‐linking the ganglioside and its associated glycoprotein α5β1‐integrin. The thereby triggered signaling cascade involves autophosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase and activation of phospholipase Cγ and phosphoinositide‐3 kinase. This leads to a transient increase in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration by opening of TRPC5 channels, which belong to the signal transduction‐gated cation channels. Controls with GM1‐defective cells (NG‐CR72 and neurons from ganglio‐series KO mice) were retarded in axonal growth, underscoring the relevance of GM1 as functional counterreceptor for Gal‐1. The lectin's presence was detected in the NG108‐15 cells, suggesting an autocrine mechanism of action, and in astrocytes in situ. Gal‐1, as cross‐linking lectin, can thus translate metabolic conversion of ganglioside GD1a to GM1 by neuraminidase action into axon growth.
Galectin‐1 (Gal‐1) was shown an effector of axonogenesis in cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs) and NG108‐15 cells by cross‐linking GM1 ganglioside and its associated glycoprotein α5β1‐integrin. The resulting signaling led to a transient increase in intracellular Ca2+ by opening TRPC5 channels. CGNs deficient in GM1 showed retarded axonogenesis, underscoring the relevance of GM1 as functional counterreceptor for Gal‐1 in this process. This Gal‐1/GM1‐induced signaling was manifest only at the earliest, initiating stage of axon development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gusheng Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neurosciences, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Zi-Hua Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neurosciences, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Sabine André
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Tierärztliche Fakultät, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Tierärztliche Fakultät, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany
| | - Robert W Ledeen
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neurosciences, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
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57
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Ribeiro JP, Diercks T, Jiménez-Barbero J, André S, Gabius HJ, Cañada FJ. Fluorinated Carbohydrates as Lectin Ligands: (19)F-Based Direct STD Monitoring for Detection of Anomeric Selectivity. Biomolecules 2015; 5:3177-92. [PMID: 26580665 PMCID: PMC4693274 DOI: 10.3390/biom5043177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The characterization of the binding of reducing carbohydrates present as mixtures of anomers in solution to a sugar recepor (lectin) poses severe difficulties. In this situation, NMR spectroscopy enables the observation of signals for each anomer in the mixture by applying approaches based on ligand observation. Saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR allows fast and efficient screening of compound mixtures for reactivity to a receptor. Owing to the exceptionally favorable properties of 19F in NMR spectroscopy and the often complex 1H spectra of carbohydrates, 19F-containing sugars have the potential to be turned into versatile sensors for recognition. Extending the recently established 1H → 1H STDre19F-NMR technique, we here demonstrate its applicability to measure anomeric selectivity of binding in a model system using the plant lectin concanavalin A (ConA) and 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-d-mannose. Indeed, it is also possible to account for the mutual inhibition between the anomers on binding to the lectin by means of a kinetic model. The monitoring of 19F-NMR signal perturbation disclosed the relative activities of the anomers in solution and thus enabled the calculation of their binding affinity towards ConA. The obtained data show a preference for the α anomer that increases with temperature. This experimental approach can be extended to others systems of biomedical interest by testing human lectins with suitably tailored glycan derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- João P Ribeiro
- Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales, UPR5301, CNRS-Université Grenoble Alpes, BP53, 38041 Grenoble cédex 09, France.
| | - Tammo Diercks
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technological Park, Building 800, 48160 Derio, Spain.
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technological Park, Building 800, 48160 Derio, Spain.
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Sabine André
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Tierärztliche Fakultät der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539 München, Germany.
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Tierärztliche Fakultät der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539 München, Germany.
| | - Francisco Javier Cañada
- Chemical and Physical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CIB-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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58
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Merging carbohydrate chemistry with lectin histochemistry to study inhibition of lectin binding by glycoclusters in the natural tissue context. Histochem Cell Biol 2015; 145:185-99. [PMID: 26553286 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-015-1383-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Recognition of glycans by lectins leads to cell adhesion and growth regulation. The specificity and selectivity of this process are determined by carbohydrate structure (sequence and shape) and topology of its presentation. The synthesis of (neo)glycoconjugates with bi- to oligo-valency (glycoclusters) affords tools to delineate structure-activity relationships by blocking lectin binding to an artificial matrix, often a glycoprotein, or cultured cell lines. The drawback of these assays is that glycan presentation is different from that in tissues. In order to approach the natural context, we here introduce lectin histochemistry on fixed tissue sections to determine the susceptibility of binding of two plant lectins, i.e., GSA-II and WGA, to a series of 10 glycoclusters. Besides valency, this panel covers changes in the anomeric position (α/β) and the atom at the glycosidic linkage (O/S). Flanked by cell and solid-phase assays with human tumor lines and two mucins, respectively, staining (intensity and profile) was analyzed in sections of murine jejunum, stomach and epididymis as a function of glycocluster presence. The marked and differential sensitivity of signal generation to structural aspects of the glycoclusters proves the applicability of this method. This enables comparisons between data sets obtained by using (neo)glycoconjugates, cells and the tissue context as platforms. The special advantage of processing tissue sections is the monitoring of interference with lectin association at sites that are relevant for functionality. Testing glycoclusters in lectin histochemistry will especially be attractive in cases of multi-target recognition (glycans, proteins and lipids) by a tissue lectin.
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59
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Kaltner H, Singh T, Manning JC, Raschta AS, André S, Sinowatz F, Gabius HJ. Network monitoring of adhesion/growth-regulatory galectins: localization of the five canonical chicken proteins in embryonic and maturing bone and cartilage and their introduction as histochemical tools. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2015; 298:2051-70. [PMID: 26340709 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Divergence from an ancestral gene leads to a family of homologous proteins. Whether they are physiologically distinct, similar, or even redundant is an open question in each case. Defining profiles of tissue localization is a step toward giving diversity a functional meaning. Due to the significance of endogenous sugar receptors (lectins) as effectors for a wide range of cellular activities we have focused on galectins. The comparatively low level of network complexity constituted by only five canonical proteins makes chicken galectins (CGs) an attractive choice to perform comprehensive analysis, here studied on bone/cartilage as organ system. Galectin expression was monitored by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry using non-cross-reactive antibodies. Overall, three galectins (CG-1B, CG-3, CG-8) were present with individual expression patterns, one was found exclusively in the mesenchyme (CG-1A), the fifth (CG-2) not being detectable. The documented extents of separation are a sign for functional divergence; in cases with overlapping stainings, as for example in the osteoprogenitor layer or periosteum, cooperation may also be possible. Recombinant production enabled the introduction of the endogenous lectins as tools for binding-site localization. Their testing revealed developmental regulation and cell-type-specific staining. Of relevance for research on mammalian galectins, this study illustrates that certain cell types can express more than one galectin, letting functional interrelationships appear likely. Thus, complete network analysis irrespective of its degree of complexity is mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Kaltner
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Tanuja Singh
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Joachim C Manning
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Anne-Sarah Raschta
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Sabine André
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Fred Sinowatz
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80539, Munich, Germany
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60
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Swanson MD, Boudreaux DM, Salmon L, Chugh J, Winter HC, Meagher JL, André S, Murphy PV, Oscarson S, Roy R, King S, Kaplan MH, Goldstein IJ, Tarbet EB, Hurst BL, Smee DF, de la Fuente C, Hoffmann HH, Xue Y, Rice CM, Schols D, Garcia JV, Stuckey JA, Gabius HJ, Al-Hashimi HM, Markovitz DM. Engineering a therapeutic lectin by uncoupling mitogenicity from antiviral activity. Cell 2015; 163:746-58. [PMID: 26496612 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.09.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A key effector route of the Sugar Code involves lectins that exert crucial regulatory controls by targeting distinct cellular glycans. We demonstrate that a single amino-acid substitution in a banana lectin, replacing histidine 84 with a threonine, significantly reduces its mitogenicity, while preserving its broad-spectrum antiviral potency. X-ray crystallography, NMR spectroscopy, and glycocluster assays reveal that loss of mitogenicity is strongly correlated with loss of pi-pi stacking between aromatic amino acids H84 and Y83, which removes a wall separating two carbohydrate binding sites, thus diminishing multivalent interactions. On the other hand, monovalent interactions and antiviral activity are preserved by retaining other wild-type conformational features and possibly through unique contacts involving the T84 side chain. Through such fine-tuning, target selection and downstream effects of a lectin can be modulated so as to knock down one activity, while preserving another, thus providing tools for therapeutics and for understanding the Sugar Code.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Swanson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine and UNC AIDS Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Daniel M Boudreaux
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Loïc Salmon
- Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jeetender Chugh
- Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Harry C Winter
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jennifer L Meagher
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sabine André
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Paul V Murphy
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Stefan Oscarson
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - René Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Steven King
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Mark H Kaplan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Irwin J Goldstein
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - E Bart Tarbet
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Brett L Hurst
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Donald F Smee
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | | | | | - Yi Xue
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | - Dominique Schols
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - J Victor Garcia
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine and UNC AIDS Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jeanne A Stuckey
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Hashim M Al-Hashimi
- Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - David M Markovitz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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61
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Ardá A, Bosco R, Sastre J, Cañada FJ, André S, Gabius HJ, Richichi B, Jiménez-Barbero J, Nativi C. Structural Insights into the Binding of Sugar Receptors (Lectins) to a Synthetic Tricyclic Tn Mimetic and Its Glycopeptide Version. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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62
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Glycoclusters as lectin inhibitors: comparative analysis on two plant agglutinins with different folding as a step towards rules for selectivity. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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63
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Ruiz FM, Gilles U, Lindner I, André S, Romero A, Reusch D, Gabius HJ. Combining Crystallography and Hydrogen-Deuterium Exchange to Study Galectin-Ligand Complexes. Chemistry 2015; 21:13558-68. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201501961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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64
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Rodriguez MC, Yegorova S, Pitteloud JP, Chavaroche AE, André S, Ardá A, Minond D, Jiménez-Barbero J, Gabius HJ, Cudic M. Thermodynamic Switch in Binding of Adhesion/Growth Regulatory Human Galectin-3 to Tumor-Associated TF Antigen (CD176) and MUC1 Glycopeptides. Biochemistry 2015; 54:4462-74. [PMID: 26129647 PMCID: PMC4520625 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
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A shift
to short-chain glycans is an observed change in mucin-type
O-glycosylation in premalignant and malignant epithelia. Given the
evidence that human galectin-3 can interact with mucins and also weakly
with free tumor-associated Thomsen-Friedenreich (TF) antigen (CD176),
the study of its interaction with MUC1 (glyco)peptides is of biomedical
relevance. Glycosylated MUC1 fragments that carry the TF antigen attached
through either Thr or Ser side chains were synthesized using standard
Fmoc-based automated solid-phase peptide chemistry. The dissociation
constants (Kd) for interaction of galectin-3
and the glycosylated MUC1 fragments measured by isothermal titration
calorimetry decreased up to 10 times in comparison to that of the
free TF disaccharide. No binding was observed for the nonglycosylated
control version of the MUC1 peptide. The most notable feature of the
binding of MUC1 glycopeptides to galectin-3 was a shift from a favorable
enthalpy to an entropy-driven binding process. The comparatively diminished
enthalpy contribution to the free energy (ΔG) was compensated by a considerable gain in the entropic term. 1H–15N heteronuclear single-quantum coherence
spectroscopy nuclear magnetic resonance data reveal contact at the
canonical site mainly by the glycan moiety of the MUC1 glycopeptide.
Ligand-dependent differences in binding affinities were also confirmed
by a novel assay for screening of low-affinity glycan–lectin
interactions based on AlphaScreen technology. Another key finding
is that the glycosylated MUC1 peptides exhibited activity in a concentration-dependent
manner in cell-based assays revealing selectivity among human galectins.
Thus, the presentation of this tumor-associated carbohydrate ligand
by the natural peptide scaffold enhances its affinity, highlighting
the significance of model studies of human lectins with synthetic
glycopeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Rodriguez
- †Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, Florida 33431, United States.,‡Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, 11350 Southwest Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, Florida 34987, United States
| | - Svetlana Yegorova
- ‡Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, 11350 Southwest Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, Florida 34987, United States
| | - Jean-Philippe Pitteloud
- ‡Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, 11350 Southwest Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, Florida 34987, United States
| | - Anais E Chavaroche
- ‡Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, 11350 Southwest Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, Florida 34987, United States
| | - Sabine André
- §Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Veterinärstrasse 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Ana Ardá
- ∥CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technological Park, Building 801 A, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Dimitriy Minond
- ‡Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, 11350 Southwest Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, Florida 34987, United States
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- ∥CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technological Park, Building 801 A, 48160 Derio, Spain.,⊥Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Lopez de Haro 3, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- §Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Veterinärstrasse 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Mare Cudic
- †Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, Florida 33431, United States
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65
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Tan FY, Tang CM, Exley RM. Sugar coating: bacterial protein glycosylation and host–microbe interactions. Trends Biochem Sci 2015; 40:342-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2015.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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66
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Schengrund CL. Gangliosides: glycosphingolipids essential for normal neural development and function. Trends Biochem Sci 2015; 40:397-406. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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67
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Gabius HJ. The magic of the sugar code. Trends Biochem Sci 2015; 40:341. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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68
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Abad-Rodríguez J, Díez-Revuelta N. Axon glycoprotein routing in nerve polarity, function, and repair. Trends Biochem Sci 2015; 40:385-96. [PMID: 25936977 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2015.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Nervous system function relies on the capacity of neurons to organize specialized domains for impulse reception or transmission. Such a polarized architecture relies on highly discriminatory and efficient mechanisms for the transport and targeting of required molecules to their functional positions. Glycans play a central role in polarized traffic based on their extraordinary capacity to encrypt bio-information. Glycan-based interactions exquisitely regulate cargo selection, trafficking, and targeting to the axon membrane. This generates segregated functional domains, where basal nerve processes such as axon growth, synaptic activity, or myelination take place. Deciphering the details of the glycan structures and carbohydrate-binding molecules that underlie these mechanisms improves our knowledge of nerve physiology and defines novel specific approaches for neurological treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Abad-Rodríguez
- Membrane Biology and Axonal Repair Laboratory, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos (SESCAM), Finca La Peraleda s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain.
| | - Natalia Díez-Revuelta
- Membrane Biology and Axonal Repair Laboratory, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos (SESCAM), Finca La Peraleda s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain
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69
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Congenital disorders of glycosylation: a concise chart of glycocalyx dysfunction. Trends Biochem Sci 2015; 40:377-84. [PMID: 25840516 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation is a ubiquitous modification of lipids and proteins. Despite the essential contribution of glycoconjugates to the viability of all living organisms, diseases of glycosylation in humans have only been identified over the past few decades. The recent development of next-generation DNA sequencing techniques has accelerated the pace of discovery of novel glycosylation defects. The description of multiple mutations across glycosylation pathways not only revealed tremendous diversity in functional impairments, but also pointed to phenotypic similarities, emphasizing the interconnected flow of substrates underlying glycan assembly. The current list of 100 known glycosylation disorders provides an overview of the significance of glycosylation in human development and physiology.
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70
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Abbassi L, Chabre YM, Kottari N, Arnold AA, André S, Josserand J, Gabius HJ, Roy R. Multifaceted glycodendrimers with programmable bioactivity through convergent, divergent, and accelerated approaches using polyfunctional cyclotriphosphazenes. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py01283j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The cyclotriphosphazene-based platform facilitates versatile synthesis of glycodendrimers active as inhibitors of two biomedically relevant lectins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leïla Abbassi
- Pharmaqam
- Department of Chemistry
- University du Québec à Montréal
- Montréal
- Canada
| | - Yoann M. Chabre
- Pharmaqam
- Department of Chemistry
- University du Québec à Montréal
- Montréal
- Canada
| | - Naresh Kottari
- Pharmaqam
- Department of Chemistry
- University du Québec à Montréal
- Montréal
- Canada
| | - Alexandre A. Arnold
- Pharmaqam
- Department of Chemistry
- University du Québec à Montréal
- Montréal
- Canada
| | - Sabine André
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University
- 80539 Munich
- Germany
| | - Johan Josserand
- Pharmaqam
- Department of Chemistry
- University du Québec à Montréal
- Montréal
- Canada
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University
- 80539 Munich
- Germany
| | - René Roy
- Pharmaqam
- Department of Chemistry
- University du Québec à Montréal
- Montréal
- Canada
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