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Sahoo A, Dwivedi K, Almalki WH, Mandal AK, Alhamyani A, Afzal O, Alfawaz Altamimi AS, Alruwaili NK, Yadav PK, Barkat MA, Singh T, Rahman M. Secondary metabolites in topical infectious diseases and nanomedicine applications. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2024. [PMID: 38651634 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2024-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Topical infection affects nearly one-third of the world's population; it may result from poor sanitation, hygienic conditions and crowded living and working conditions that accelerate the spread of topical infectious diseases. The problems associated with the anti-infective agents are drug resistance and long-term therapy. Secondary metabolites are obtained from plants, microorganisms and animals, but they are metabolized inside the human body. The integration of nanotechnology into secondary metabolites is gaining attention due to their interaction at the subatomic and skin-tissue levels. Hydrogel, liposomes, lipidic nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles and metallic nanoparticles are the most suitable carriers for secondary metabolite delivery. Therefore, the present review article extensively discusses the topical applications of nanomedicines for the effective delivery of secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Sahoo
- College of Pharmacy, J.S. University, Shikohabad, Firozabad, Utta Pradesh, 283135, India
| | - Khusbu Dwivedi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shambhunath Institute of Pharmacy, Jhalwa, Prayagraj, 211015, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Waleed H Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashok Kumar Mandal
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Abdurrahman Alhamyani
- Pharmaceuticals Chemistry Department, Faculty of Clinical Pharmacy, Al-Baha University, Alaqiq, 65779-7738, Saudi Arabia
| | - Obaid Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Nabil K Alruwaili
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakakah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pradip Kumar Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, 786004, Assam, India
| | - Md Abul Barkat
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hafr Al Batin, Al-Batin, 39524, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tanuja Singh
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, 10025, India
| | - Mahfoozur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shalom Institute of Health & Allied Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad, 211007, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Ananth K, Majumdar A, Singh T. Inflammatory arthritis post-COVID-19 infection affecting the temporomandibular joint. Br Dent J 2024; 236:615. [PMID: 38671113 DOI: 10.1038/s41415-024-7356-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- K Ananth
- Waikato Hospital, Hamilton, New Zealand.
| | - A Majumdar
- Waikato Hospital, Hamilton, New Zealand.
| | - T Singh
- Waikato Hospital, Hamilton, New Zealand.
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Kapahi C, Silva AE, Cory DG, Kulmaganbetov M, Mungalsingh MA, Pushin DA, Singh T, Thompson B, Sarenac D. Measuring the visual angle of polarization-related entoptic phenomena using structured light. Biomed Opt Express 2024; 15:1278-1287. [PMID: 38404299 PMCID: PMC10890886 DOI: 10.1364/boe.507519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The ability to perceive polarization-related entoptic phenomena arises from the dichroism of macular pigments held in Henle's fiber layer of the retina and can be inhibited by retinal diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration, which alters the structure of the macula. Structured light tools enable the direct probing of macular pigment density and retinal structure through the perception of polarization-dependent entoptic patterns. Here, we directly measure the visual angle of an entoptic pattern created through the illumination of the retina with a structured state of light and a perception task that is insensitive to corneal birefringence. The central region of the structured light stimuli was obstructed, with the size of the obstruction varying according to a psychophysical staircase. Two stimuli, one producing 11 azimuthal fringes and the other three azimuthal fringes, were presented to 24 healthy participants. The pattern with 11 azimuthal fringes produced an average visual angle threshold of 10° ± 1° and a 95% confidence interval (C.I.) of [6°, 14°]. For the pattern with three azimuthal fringes, a threshold extent of 3.6° ± 0.3° C.I. = [1.3°, 5.8°] was measured, a value similar to the published extent of Haidinger's brush (4°). The increase in apparent size and clarity of entoptic phenomena produced by the presented structured light stimuli offers the potential to detect the early signs of macular disease over perception tasks using uniform polarization stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kapahi
- Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L3G1, Canada
- Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L3G1, Canada
| | - A E Silva
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L3G1, Canada
| | - D G Cory
- Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L3G1, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L3G1, Canada
| | | | - M A Mungalsingh
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L3G1, Canada
| | - D A Pushin
- Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L3G1, Canada
- Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L3G1, Canada
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - T Singh
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - B Thompson
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L3G1, Canada
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - D Sarenac
- Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L3G1, Canada
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Department of Physics, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA
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Khan MS, Jaswanth Gowda BH, Almalki WH, Singh T, Sahebkar A, Kesharwani P. Unravelling the potential of mitochondria-targeted liposomes for enhanced cancer treatment. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:103819. [PMID: 37940034 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the primary organelles of cells involved in various physiochemical and biochemical processes. Owing to their crucial role in cellular metabolism, mitochondria are favored therapeutic targets for the treatment and prevention of cancers. Recently, there has been growing interest in the use of mitochondria-specific functional nanoparticles for targeted delivery of therapeutic agents to these organelles. Among several nanosystems, liposomes have garnered considerable attention owing to their exceptional drug delivery capabilities, biocompatibility, biodegradability, ease of manufacturing and established regulatory guidelines for market approval. In this context, the present review provides a brief insight into the association between mitochondria and tumor formation and advantages of mitochondrial targeting in cancer therapy. Furthermore, it discusses mitochondria-targeting functional liposomes for the treatment of various cancers, such as breast, lung, colon, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sameer Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - B H Jaswanth Gowda
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Yenepoya Pharmacy College & Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Waleed H Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, 24381 Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tanuja Singh
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
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Rashmi M, Singh T, Rajput NS, Kulshreshtha S. Biodegradation of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate by Bacillus firmus MP04 strain: parametric optimization using full factorial design. Biodegradation 2023; 34:567-579. [PMID: 37354272 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-023-10043-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) is used as a plasticizer in making plastics and released from landfills. This study attempted to degrade DEHP using microbial isolates. Isolates of Bacillus spp. were tested for their efficacy in degrading DEHP. Degradation was assessed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The most efficient DEHP degradation was achieved by Bacillus firmus MP04, which has been identified as Bacillus firmus MP04. This strain was found to use DEHP as the sole source of carbon without carbon source supplementation. Full factorial design was used to optimize the conditions for DEHP degradation which revealed the suitability of pH 7, 5% salt concentration, 20 to 37 °C temperature, and yeast extract as a nitrogen source. LC-MS elucidated the possible degradation mechanism via benzoic acid formation. However, prolonged incubation formed a typical compound denatonium benzoate due to reactions with other compounds. As maximum degradation was achieved in 4 days, prolonged incubation is not suggested. It can be concluded that new strain Bacillus firmus MP04 is the most efficient strain among all the tested strains for DEHP degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhavi Rashmi
- Department of Biotechnology, Magadh University, Bodh Gaya, Bihar, India
| | - Tanuja Singh
- Department of Botany, Patliputra University, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Nitesh Singh Rajput
- Amity School of Engineering and Technology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303007, India
| | - Shweta Kulshreshtha
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303007, India.
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Madan R, Kumar N, Singh T, Yadav J, Kumar R, Sachdeva N, Jain R, Goyal S, Khosla D, Jayapalan S, Sahoo S, M K, Tripathi M. Early Bone Mineral Density Changes and Endocrinal Dysfunction in Childhood Brain Tumor Patients: A Prospective Study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e134. [PMID: 37784699 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and hormonal dysfunction are considered as a late effect of cranial radiation (RT). Only few studies have reported the occurrence of these problems soon after the diagnosis of brain tumor or RT initiation, emphasizing that these are not necessarily the late effects of RT. Thus, we conducted the study to analyze the incidence of low BMD and hormonal dysfunction prior to or within 6 months of RT (early change) in children with brain tumors. MATERIALS/METHODS The study was conducted as a part of intramural funding program at a tertiary care center in India. Childhood and adolescent brain tumor patients were advised for dual energy X-ray absorptiometry scan (DXA) and hormonal evaluation prior to RT. In some patients, first DXA was done within 6 months of RT due to logistics. To see the effect of radiation, we have planned to repeat hormonal evaluation after 6 and 12 months and DXA after 12 months of RT. RESULTS Twenty-five patients were analyzed. Median age at diagnosis was 11 years with a male to female ratio of 5.2:1. Medulloblastoma was the commonest diagnosis (n = 12), followed by glioma (n = 8), pineal tumors (n = 3) and ependymoma (n = 2). Nineteen and six patients underwent DXA before RT and within 6 months of RT respectively. For BMD assessment, Z score was calculated at hip and lumbar spine. BMD was defined as low (Z score = -1 to-1.99), very low (Z score = -2 to -2.5) and secondary osteoporosis (Z score ≤ -2.5). Median Z score at femur neck and spine was -2 and -1.9 respectively. Overall; 6, 3 and 9 patients had normal, low and very low BMD respectively. Seven patients had secondary osteoporosis (Table 1). Two patients with secondary osteoporosis had low vitamin D levels. None of the patient had compression fracture. On statistical analysis, no correlation was found between BMD changes and age, sex and site of the tumor. Pre RT endocrinal assessment (N = 25) was done by tanner staging and serum hormonal levels (GH, T3/T4/TSH, ACTH, cortisol and prolactin). Gonadal hormonal assessment was done in children with early or delayed puberty. Three patients were found to have endocrinal abnormality before RT (precautious puberty, central hypothyroidism and low sex hormones in 1 patient each). Follow up DXA and hormonal evaluation are awaited to see the effect of RT. CONCLUSION The index study is one of the very few studies evaluating the early changes in BMD and hormonal dysfunction soon after brain tumor diagnosis or within 6 months of RT. We observed that a significant proportion of children had reduced BMD and hormonal dysfunction before RT, highlighting the importance of early assessment and referral to the specialist for better quality of life. Table 1: BMD and endocrinal dysfunction before or within 6 months of RT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - R Jain
- PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - S Goyal
- PGIMER, Chandigarh, India; Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | | | | | | | - K M
- PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - M Tripathi
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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English KK, Singh T, McNutt TR, Lee EE, Bae HJ, Yenokyan G, DeWeese TL, Song D. Sexual Function and Dosimetric Relationships to Erectile Structures among Patients Treated Definitively with Pd-103 LDR Prostate Brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e228-e229. [PMID: 37784920 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.1140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Sexual potency and erectile function are important quality of life metrics for many men and is a significant consideration when planning and treating prostate cancer. There are limited long-term data correlating post-implant dosimetry with patient-reported sexual toxicity outcomes following LDR prostate brachytherapy using Pd-103, specifically as it pertains to genital substructures. Our aim was to correlate dosimetric patterns with quality-of-life outcomes to determine if dose to the pudendal arteries and neurovascular bundles is a significant consideration when planning prostate LDR brachytherapy. MATERIALS/METHODS We analyzed a prospectively collected IRB-approved database of men receiving LDR prostate brachytherapy between 11/2014-04/2019 at our institution. Patients received either LDR brachytherapy only, or combined with intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) to the prostate with or without pelvic lymph node coverage. Patients were given quality of life questionnaires at consultation and at subsequent follow up visits. Outcomes data related to sexual toxicity were evaluated based on the Sexual Health Inventory (SHIM) Questionnaire. The right/left pudendal arteries, and right/left neurovascular bundles (NVB) were contoured retrospectively on CT-MRI fusion sequences. Dosimetric data for each of the erectile substructures was analyzed. Statistical analyses included generalized linear mixed effects models with random intercept for patient to explore the association between dose and SHIM confidence. RESULTS A total of 50 patients met criteria for inclusion in the analysis. 5 patients received combined IMRT to 45 Gy with Pd-103 (90-100 Gy) and 45 patients received Pd-103 monotherapy (125 Gy). Median follow-up was 18 months for 50 patients; 40 (80%) patients had follow-up greater than 2 years, and 15 (30%) greater than 5 years. There were 344 individual questionnaires completed. 28% of records reported low or very low confidence level (Question #1 of SHIM questionnaire). Likelihood of moderate-very high confidence increased up to 2 years after beginning of treatment (p = 0.052) and then subsequently decreased between 2- and 5 years post treatment (p = 0.042). NVB doses were not associated with SHIM confidence level. D100 greater than 150 cGy to either pudendal artery was associated with worse SHIM confidence score after treatment (p = 0.003). CONCLUSION Sexual function is variable in the post treatment setting following definitive prostate radiation with Pd-103 LDR-brachytherapy. Avoiding pudendal artery dose may improve sexual outcomes and should be considered when planning prostate brachytherapy. Further investigation with a larger prospective, cohort may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - T Singh
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Baltimore, MD
| | - T R McNutt
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - E E Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - H J Bae
- University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | - G Yenokyan
- Johns Hopkins Biostatistics Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - T L DeWeese
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Baltimore, MD
| | - D Song
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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Najib Ullah SNM, Afzal O, Altamimi ASA, Alossaimi MA, Almalki WH, Alzahrani A, Barkat MA, Almeleebia TM, Alshareef H, Shorog EM, Khan G, Singh T, Singh JK. Bedaquiline-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Drug Delivery in the Management of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1309. [PMID: 37765117 PMCID: PMC10534335 DOI: 10.3390/ph16091309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) mortality and new case rates are both on the rise. Most patients have fewer treatment options accessible due to side effects from drugs and the emergence of drug resistance. Bedaquiline (BQ), a drug licensed by the FDA to treat tuberculosis (TB), has demonstrated highly effective anti-cancer properties in the past. However, it is difficult to transport the biological barriers because of their limited solubility in water. Our study developed a UPLC method whose calibration curves showed linearity in the range of 5 ng/mL to 500 ng/mL. The UPLC method was developed with a retention time of 1.42 and high accuracy and precision. Its LOQ and LOD were observed to be 10 ng/mL and 5 ng/mL, respectively, whereas in the formulation, capmul MCM C10, Poloxamer 188, and PL90G were selected as solid lipids, surfactants, and co-surfactants, respectively, in the development of SLN. To combat NSCLC, we developed solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) loaded with BQ, whereas BQ suspension is prepared by the trituration method using acacia powder, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, polyvinyl acrylic acid, and BQ. The developed and optimized BQ-SLN3 has a particle size of 144 nm and a zeta potential of (-) 16.3 mV. whereas BQ-loaded SLN3 has observed entrapment efficiency (EE) and loading capacity (LC) of 92.05% and 13.33%, respectively. Further, BQ-loaded suspension revealed a particle size of 1180 nm, a PDI of 0.25, and a zeta potential of -0.0668. whereas the EE and LC of BQ-loaded suspension were revealed to be 88.89% and 11.43%, respectively. The BQ-SLN3 exhibited insignificant variation in particle size, homogeneous dispersion, zeta potential, EE, and LC and remained stable over 90 days of storage at 25 °C/60% RH, whereas at 40 °C/75% RH, BQ-SLN3 observed significant variation in the above-mentioned parameters and remained unstable over 90 days of storage. Meanwhile, the BQ suspension at both 25 °C (60% RH) and 40 °C (75% RH) was found to be stable up to 90 days. The optimized BQ-SLN3 and BQ-suspension were in vitro gastrointestinally stable at pH 1.2 and 6.8, respectively. The in vitro drug release of BQ-SLN3 showed 98.19% up to 12 h at pH 7.2 whereas BQ suspensions observed only 40% drug release up to 4 h at pH 7.2 and maximum drug release of >99% within 4 h at pH 4.0. The mathematical modeling of BQ-SLN3 followed first-order release kinetics followed by a non-Fickian diffusion mechanism. After 24 to 72 h, the IC50 value of BQ-SLN3 was 3.46-fold lower than that of the BQ suspension, whereas the blank SLN observed cell viability of 98.01% and an IC50 of 120 g/mL at the end of 72 h. The bioavailability and higher biodistribution of BQ-SLN3 in the lung tumor were also shown to be greater than those of the BQ suspension. The effects of BQ-SLN3 on antioxidant enzymes, including MDA, SOD, CAT, GSH, and GR, in the treated group were significantly improved and reached the level nearest to that of the control group of rats over the cancer group of rats and the BQ suspension-treated group of rats. Moreover, the pharmacodynamic activity resulted in greater tumor volume and tumor weight reduction by BQ-SLN3 over the BQ suspension-treated group. As far as we are aware, this is the first research to look at the potential of SLN as a repurposed oral drug delivery, and the results suggest that BQ-loaded SLN3 is a better approach for NSCLC due to its better action potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Obaid Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (O.A.); (A.S.A.A.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Abdulmalik Saleh Alfawaz Altamimi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (O.A.); (A.S.A.A.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Manal A. Alossaimi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (O.A.); (A.S.A.A.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Waleed H Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdulaziz Alzahrani
- Pharmaceuticals Chemistry Department, Faculty of Clinical Pharmacy, Al-Baha University, Alaqiq 65779-7738, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Md. Abul Barkat
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafar Al-Batin 39524, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Tahani M. Almeleebia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia; (T.M.A.); (E.M.S.)
| | - Hanan Alshareef
- Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Eman M. Shorog
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia; (T.M.A.); (E.M.S.)
| | - Gyas Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Tanuja Singh
- Department of Botany, Patliputra University, Patna 800020, India;
| | - J. K. Singh
- S.S Hospital and Research Institute, Kankarbagh, Patna 800020, India
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Hartje-Dunn C, Blume E, Bastardi H, Clark M, Daly K, Fynn-Thompson F, Gauvreau K, Singh T. Steroid Avoidance in Pediatric Heart Transplant. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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Milligan C, Singh T, Nava G, Kobayashi R, Esteso P, Daly K. The Molecular Microscope Diagnostic System (MMDx) Fails to Detect Early Antibody Mediated Rejection after Flow Crossmatch Positive Pediatric Heart Transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.1317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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Milligan C, Wong A, Bastardi H, Daly K, Singh T, Esteso P. Treatment of Antibody-Mediated Rejection in Adolescent Heart Transplant Recipients with Daratumumab. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.1321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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Singh T, Shah N. Reply to Letter to Editor regarding the article, "Competency-based medical education and the McNamara fallacy: Assessing the important or making the assessed important?". J Postgrad Med 2023; 69:124. [PMID: 36930545 DOI: 10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_919_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T Singh
- Center for Health Professions Education, Adesh University, Bathinda, India
| | - N Shah
- Department of Psychiatry, Smt. NHL Municipal Medical College and SVPIMSR, Ahmedabad, India
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Afzal O, Altamimi ASA, Alamri MA, Altharawi A, Alossaimi MA, Akhtar MS, Tabassum F, Almalki WH, Singh T. Resveratrol-Loaded Chia Seed Oil-Based Nanogel as an Anti-Inflammatory in Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis. Gels 2023; 9:gels9020131. [PMID: 36826301 PMCID: PMC9956310 DOI: 10.3390/gels9020131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural anti-inflammatory nutraceuticals may be useful in preventing rheumatoid arthritis from worsening. Resveratrol (RV) and chia seed oil, having antioxidant potential, can assist in avoiding oxidative stress-related disorders. This investigation developed and evaluated resveratrol-loaded chia seed oil-based nanoemulsion (NE) gel formulations through in vitro and in vivo studies. The physical stability and in vitro drug permeability of the chosen formulations (NE1 to NE10) were studied. The optimized RV-loaded nanoemulsion (NE2) had droplets with an average size of 37.48 nm that were homogeneous in shape and had a zeta potential of -18 mV. RV-NE2, with a permeability of 98.21 ± 4.32 µg/cm2/h, was gelled with 1% carbopol-940P. A 28-day anti-arthritic assessment (body weight, paw edema, and levels of pro-inflammatory mediators including TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and COX-2) following topical administration of RV-NE2 gel showed significant reversal of arthritic symptoms in arthritic Wistar rats induced by Freund's complete adjuvant injection. Therefore, RV-NE2 gel demonstrated the potential to achieve local therapeutic benefits in inflammatory arthritic conditions due to its increased topical bioavailability and balancing of pro-inflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obaid Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-1158-86094
| | - Abdulamalik S. A. Altamimi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mubarak A. Alamri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Altharawi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal A. Alossaimi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Sayeed Akhtar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fauzia Tabassum
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Dentistry and Pharmacy, Buraydah Private Colleges, Buraydah 51418, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed H. Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tanuja Singh
- Department of Botany, Patliputra University, Patna 800020, India
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Singh T, Lavikainen L, Halme A, Aaltonen R, Agarwal A, Blanker M, Bolsunovskyi K, Cartwright R, García-Perdomo H, Gutschon R, Lee Y, Pourjamal N, Vernooij R, Violette P, Haukka J, Guyatt G, Tikkinen K. Timing of symptomatic venous thromboembolism after surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Urol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(23)01049-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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15
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Alqahtani SM, Altharawi A, Alrobaian M, Almalki WH, Alabbas AB, Ullah SNMN, Singh T, Thajudeen KY, Khan G, Rub RA, Barkat MA, Beg S, Rahman M. UPLC-MS/MS Method Development for Simultaneous Estimation of Diclofenac and Resveratrol-Loaded Liposomal Gel Formulation in Mice Skin Model: Application to Dermatokinetic Study. J Chromatogr Sci 2023; 61:329-338. [PMID: 36644892 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmac109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The current research work describes the development of a simple, fast, sensitive and efficient bioanalytical UPLC/MS-MS method for the simultaneous estimation of diclofenac and resveratrol in mice skin samples. Quetiapine was used as an internal standard (IS). Analytical separation was performed on ACQUITY UPLC C18 Column (2.1 × 100 mm; 1.7 μm) using ammonium acetate (5 mM) in water and methanol (B) with isocratic elution at ratio of (50, 50 v/v) and flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. The duration of separation was maintained for 3 min. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry in a positive and negative ionization mode was used for detection. Selective ion mode monitoring was used for the quantification of m/z 296.025> 249.93 for diclofenac, m/z 229.09 > 143.03 for resveratrol and MRM/ES+ve mode applied in m/z 384.25> 253.189 for IS transitions from parent to daughter ion. The lower detection and quantification limits were accomplished, and precision (repeatability and intermediate precision) with a coefficient of variation below 10% produced satisfactory results. The developed bioanalytical method was found to be useful for its suitability for the dermatokinetic evaluation of treatments through rat skin. Improvement in AUC (1.58-fold for diclofenac and 1.60-fold for resveratrol) and t1/2 in the dermis (2.13 for diclofenac and 2.21-fold for resveratrol) followed by epidermis was observed for diclofenac and resveratrol-loaded liposomal gel formulation over the conventional gel. Overall, the developed method for the dermatokinetic studies of the above-mentioned dual drugs-loaded liposome gel was found to be reproducible and effective for bioanalytical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safar M Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Altharawi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed Alrobaian
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed H Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alhumaidi B Alabbas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Tanuja Singh
- University Department of Botany, Patliputra University, Patna, Bihar 800020, India
| | | | - Gyas Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, KSA
| | - Rehan A Rub
- Department of Pharmaceutics,School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Nanomedicine Research Lab, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Md Abul Barkat
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy,University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafar Al Batin 39524, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarwar Beg
- Department of Pharmaceutics,School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Nanomedicine Research Lab, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mahfoozur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shalom Institute of Health and Allied Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad 211007, India
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Singh T, Shah N. Competency-based medical education and the McNamara fallacy: Assessing the important or making the assessed important? J Postgrad Med 2023; 69:35-40. [PMID: 36255018 PMCID: PMC9997611 DOI: 10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_337_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The McNamara fallacy refers to the tendency to focus on numbers, metrics, and quantifiable data while disregarding the meaningful qualitative aspects. The existence of such a fallacy in medical education is reviewed in this paper. Competency-based medical education (CBME) has been introduced in India with the goal of having Indian Medical Graduates competent in five different roles - Clinician, Communicator, Leader and member of the health care team, Professional, and Lifelong learner. If we only focus on numbers and structure to assess the competencies pertaining to these roles, we would be falling prey to the McNamara fallacy. To assess these roles in the real sense, we need to embrace the qualitative assessment methods and appreciate their value in competency-based education. This can be done by using various workplace-based assessments, choosing tools based on educational impact rather than psychometric properties, using narratives and descriptive evaluation, giving grades instead of marks, and improving the quality of the questions asked in various exams. There are challenges in adopting qualitative assessment starting with being able to move past the objective-subjective debate, to developing expertise in conducting and documenting such assessment, and adding the rigor of qualitative research methods to enhance its credibility. The perspective on assessment thus needs a paradigm shift - we need to assess the important rather than just making the assessed important; and this would be crucial for the success of the CBME curriculum.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Singh
- Center for Health Professions Education, Adesh University, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - N Shah
- Department of Psychiatry, Smt. NHL Municipal Medical College and SVPIMSR, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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Chaudhary S, Walia R, Bhansali A, Dayal D, Sachdeva N, Singh T, Bhadada SK. Unravelling a novel, promising and convenient tool for differential diagnosis of delayed puberty: GnRHa-stimulated inhibin B (GnRH-iB). J Endocrinol Invest 2022; 45:2265-2273. [PMID: 35841519 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-022-01858-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Etiological diagnosis of delayed puberty is difficult. Despite availability of various basal and stimulation tests differentiation between constitutional delay in puberty and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism is still challenging. OBJECTIVE To elucidate the role of GnRH agonist-stimulated inhibin B (GnRH-iB) for the differential diagnosis of delayed puberty. STUDY DESIGN Participants were recruited into "exploratory cohort" (n = 39) and "validation cohort" (n = 16). "Exploratory cohort" included children with spontaneous puberty and patients with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. "Validation cohort" constituted children who presented with delayed puberty. INTERVENTION AND OUTCOME GnRHa (Triptorelin) stimulation test along with measurement of inhibin B level at 24 h after GnRHa injection was performed in all the study participants. Cut-offs for GnRH-iB were derived from the "exploratory cohort". These cut-offs were applied to the "validation cohort". Basal LH, basal inhibin B(INH-B), GnRHa-stimulated LH at 4 h (GnRH-LH) and GnRH-iB were evaluated for the prediction of onset of puberty on prospective follow-up. RESULTS GnRH-iB at a cut-off value of 113.5 pg/ml in boys and 72.6 pg/ml in girls had 100% sensitivity and specificity for the documentation of puberty. In the "validation cohort" basal LH, basal INH-B, GnRH-LH, and GnRH-iB had a diagnostic accuracy of 68.75%, 81.25%, 68.75% and 93.75% respectively, for the prediction of onset of puberty. Basal LH, basal INH-B and GnRH-LH used alone or in combination were inferior to GnRH-iB used alone. CONCLUSION GnRHa-stimulated inhibin B (GnRH-iB) is a convenient and easily employable test for the differentiation of constitutional delay in puberty from hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. CTRI REGISTRATION NO CTRI/2019/10/021570.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chaudhary
- Department of Endocrinology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - R Walia
- Department of Endocrinology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, 160012, India.
| | - A Bhansali
- Department of Endocrinology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - D Dayal
- Department of Paediatrics, PGIMER, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - N Sachdeva
- Department of Endocrinology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - T Singh
- Department of Radiology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - S K Bhadada
- Department of Endocrinology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, 160012, India
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18
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Hooshmand S, Kumar S, Bahadur I, Singh T, Varma RS. Deep eutectic solvents as reusable catalysts and promoter for the greener syntheses of small molecules: Recent advances. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.121013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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19
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Patel R, Singh T. P02 Systematic review of mutational signature analysis in HPV positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2022.106143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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20
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Joshi S, Singh T, Kershaw LE, Spath N, Dattani A, Gulsin GS, Semple SI, Williams MW, Gibb F, Forbes S, Reynolds RP, McCann GP, Dweck MR, Newby DE. Manganese enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The pathophysiology of diabetic cardiomyopathy has yet to be established although pre-clinical studies suggest a role for altered myocardial calcium handling. Manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI) is a novel non-invasive method of assessing in vivo myocardial calcium handling.
Purpose
To investigate whether myocardial calcium handling is impaired in patients with either type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus in the absence of underlying heart disease.
Methods
In a prospective case-control study, patients with type 1 (n=19) or type 2 (n=10) diabetes mellitus and healthy volunteers (n=15) underwent MEMRI. Participants with prior coronary artery disease, cardiomyopathy or an abnormal electrocardiogram were excluded. Manganese dipyridoxyl diphosphate (0.1 mL/kg) was administered over 10 min and myocardial T1 mapping was performed prior to and every 2.5 min for 30 min after contrast infusion (Figure 1). Quantitative manganese uptake analysis was performed by measuring T1 relaxation times in a region of interest within the interventricular septum and compared to the left ventricular blood pool. The rate of myocardial manganese uptake was determined by Patlak modelling [1].
Results
Participants with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus were older (50±13 and 55±15.3 years) than the healthy volunteers (32±10 years). All participants had preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (type 1 diabetes mellitus, 67.7±6.1%; type 2 diabetes mellitus, 66.8±3.2%; healthy volunteers, 65±3.5%). Mean myocardial manganese uptake was reduced in participants with both type 1 (6.4±0.6 mL/100 g of tissue/min) and type 2 (6.4±0.5 mL/100 g of tissue/min) diabetes mellitus compared with healthy volunteers (8.3±0.5 mL/100 g of tissue/min; p<0.0001 for both, Figure 2). There were no differences in myocardial manganese uptake between those with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus (p=0.22). There was no statistically significant correlation between myocardial manganese uptake and age in the study population (r=−0.28, p=0.07).
Conclusion
Using MEMRI, we have demonstrated that myocardial calcium handling is impaired in patients with either type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus even in the absence of left ventricular systolic dysfunction. This suggests altered myocardial calcium handling may underlie, or contribute to, diabetic cardiomyopathy which has implications developing novel therapeutic targets for the prevention and treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Other. Main funding source(s): British Heart Foundation - Clinical Research Training Fellowship (FS/CRTF/20/24087)AstraZeneca - Investigator initiated award (ESR-19-20118)
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Affiliation(s)
- S Joshi
- University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , United Kingdom
| | - T Singh
- University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , United Kingdom
| | - L E Kershaw
- University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , United Kingdom
| | - N Spath
- University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , United Kingdom
| | - A Dattani
- University of Leicester, Cardiovascular Research Unit , Leicester , United Kingdom
| | - G S Gulsin
- University of Leicester, Cardiovascular Research Unit , Leicester , United Kingdom
| | - S I Semple
- University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , United Kingdom
| | - M W Williams
- University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , United Kingdom
| | - F Gibb
- University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , United Kingdom
| | - S Forbes
- University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , United Kingdom
| | - R P Reynolds
- University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , United Kingdom
| | - G P McCann
- University of Leicester, Cardiovascular Research Unit , Leicester , United Kingdom
| | - M R Dweck
- University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , United Kingdom
| | - D E Newby
- University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , United Kingdom
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21
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Singh T, Joshi S, Kersahw LE, Baker AH, Dawson DK, Dweck MR, Semple SI, Newby DE. Manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in Takotsubo syndrome. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Takotsubo syndrome is an increasingly common acute cardiac emergency characterised by profound transient left ventricular systolic dysfunction following a stressful event. Its pathophysiology remains poorly understood and a third of patients will have a major adverse cardiac or cerebrovascular event by 5 years [1]. Defective myocardial calcium homeostasis is central to contractile dysfunction and may be implicated in its pathophysiology. Manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging is a novel non-invasive imaging technique that assesses myocardial manganese uptake as a measure of myocardial calcium handling [2]. Our aim was to investigate myocardial calcium handling using manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging during the acute and recovery phase of takotsubo syndrome.
Methods
This single centre case-controlled observational longitudinal cohort study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and ethical committee approval with written informed consent. Twenty patients with takotsubo syndrome and 20 age, sex and cardiovascular risk factor matched volunteers were recruited between March 2020 and September 2021. Patients underwent gadolinium and manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging during the index event with repeat manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging after 3 months. Myocardial manganese uptake was characterised by Patlak modelling.
Results
During the acute presentation, most patients had an “apical” pattern of takotsubo syndrome with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (51±11 versus 67±8%, P<0.001, Figure 1), elevated left ventricular mass (89±11 versus 57±14 g/m2, P<0.01) and native T1 (1358±49 versus 1211±28 ms, P<0.001) and T2 (60±7 versus 38±3 ms, P<0.001) values compared to matched volunteers. Patlak modelling demonstrated reduced myocardial manganese uptake (5.1±0.5 versus 8.0±1.0 mL/100g of tissue/min, P<0.0001) consistent with a major abnormality of myocardial calcium handling. Reduced myocardial manganese uptake attributable to apical takotsubo syndrome could be seen in one patient, scanned 18 days after symptom onset despite apparent resolution of cardiac function. Beyond 3 months of convalescence, left ventricular mass, ejection fraction, native T1 and T2 values were comparable to matched volunteers. Despite this, myocardial calcium handling remained abnormal compared to matched volunteers (6.7±0.7 versus 8.0±1.0 mL/100 g of tissue/min, P<0.001, Figure 2).
Conclusions
In patients with takotsubo syndrome, there is a profound perturbation of myocardial calcium handling which is most marked acutely but persists after apparent recovery of left ventricular ejection fraction and resolution of myocardial oedema. Abnormal myocardial calcium handling is implicated in the pathophysiology of takotsubo syndrome and manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging could play a major role in the diagnosis and risk stratification of patients with takotsubo syndrome.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): Medical Research CouncilBritish Heart Foundation
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Affiliation(s)
- T Singh
- University of Edinburgh, BHF/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science , Edinburgh , United Kingdom
| | - S Joshi
- University of Edinburgh, BHF/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science , Edinburgh , United Kingdom
| | - L E Kersahw
- University of Edinburgh, BHF/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science , Edinburgh , United Kingdom
| | - A H Baker
- University of Edinburgh, BHF/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science , Edinburgh , United Kingdom
| | - D K Dawson
- University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre , Aberdeen , United Kingdom
| | - M R Dweck
- University of Edinburgh, BHF/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science , Edinburgh , United Kingdom
| | - S I Semple
- University of Edinburgh, BHF/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science , Edinburgh , United Kingdom
| | - D E Newby
- University of Edinburgh, BHF/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science , Edinburgh , United Kingdom
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Dattani A, Gulsin GS, Yeo JL, Joshi S, Singh A, Brady EM, Parke KS, Arnold JR, Singh T, Kershaw LE, Spath NB, Semple SI, Dweck MR, Newby DE, McCann GP. Impaired myocardial calcium handling in people with type 2 diabetes: an in vivo manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging study. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
There is a high prevalence of subclinical cardiac dysfunction in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) which is associated with subsequent development of heart failure. Dysregulated myocardial calcium handling has been demonstrated in animal models of T2D and may be a key mechanism driving the development of heart failure. Manganese-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI) provides a unique method to assess in vivo myocardial calcium handling.
Purpose
To determine whether myocardial calcium handling is perturbed in people with T2D with no history of cardiovascular disease. We hypothesised that myocardial manganese uptake would be reduced in people with T2D compared with healthy volunteers.
Methods
Cross-sectional case-control study, adults with (n=20) and without (n=9) T2D underwent both gadolinium-enhanced MRI and MEMRI. Standard gadolinium-enhanced MRI was used to assess cardiac structure, function and tissue characteristics. MEMRI scans were performed within two weeks of the initial scan. Native T1 maps were obtained in the mid-short axis slice position using a Modified Look-Locker Inversion recovery sequence. An intravenous infusion of manganese dipyridoxyl diphosphate (5 μmol/kg (0.1 mL/kg) at 1 mL/min) was administered and T1 maps at the same location were repetitively acquired every 2.5 min for 30 min. Regions of interest were drawn in the inferoseptal segment and blood pool for all T1 maps from 0 to 30 min by a single observer. The primary outcome was the rate of manganese uptake which was assessed by Patlak modelling as a measure of myocardial calcium handling. Manganese uptake constants were compared using analysis of co-variance, with age, sex and body mass index as co-variates.
Results
Subjects with T2D were older (62±7 vs. 57±5 years, p=0.046) but body mass index (29.0±4.5 vs. 26.2±3.4 kg/m2, p=0.106), systolic (135±16 vs. 134±17 mmHg, p=0.809) and diastolic (81±10 vs. 83±9 mmHg, p=0.736) blood pressures were similar. Compared to control subjects, participants with T2D had normal systolic function but more concentric left ventricular remodelling (mass/volume ratio 0.90±0.14 vs. 0.71±0.06 g/mL, p<0.001) and reduced peak early diastolic strain rate (0.64±0.17 vs. 0.91±0.26 s–1, p=0.002). Myocardial manganese uptake was substantially reduced in people with T2D compared with controls (6.51±1.46 vs. 8.45±2.52 ml/100 g of tissue/min, p=0.003) (Figure 1).
Conclusions
For the first time, we have demonstrated in vivo that despite no history of cardiovascular disease and normal systolic function, patients with T2D have marked impairment of myocardial calcium handling. This has potential major implications for the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): British Heart Foundation and National Institute for Health Research
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dattani
- University of Leicester , Leicester , United Kingdom
| | - G S Gulsin
- University of Leicester , Leicester , United Kingdom
| | - J L Yeo
- University of Leicester , Leicester , United Kingdom
| | - S Joshi
- University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , United Kingdom
| | - A Singh
- University of Leicester , Leicester , United Kingdom
| | - E M Brady
- University of Leicester , Leicester , United Kingdom
| | - K S Parke
- University of Leicester , Leicester , United Kingdom
| | - J R Arnold
- University of Leicester , Leicester , United Kingdom
| | - T Singh
- University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , United Kingdom
| | - L E Kershaw
- University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , United Kingdom
| | - N B Spath
- University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , United Kingdom
| | - S I Semple
- University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , United Kingdom
| | - M R Dweck
- University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , United Kingdom
| | - D E Newby
- University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , United Kingdom
| | - G P McCann
- University of Leicester , Leicester , United Kingdom
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23
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Zaidman C, Shieh P, Proud C, McDonald C, Day J, Mason S, Guridi M, Hu L, Yu L, Reid C, Darton E, Wandel C, Richardson J, Malhotra J, Singh T, Rodino-Klapac L, Mendell J. P.128 Integrated analyses of data from clinical trials of delandistrogene moxeparvovec in DMD. Neuromuscul Disord 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2022.07.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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24
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Ojha S, Pathak V, Goswami M, Bharti SK, Singh T. Quality evaluation and safety assessment of buffalo milk collected from Mathura city. Buffalo Bull 2022. [DOI: 10.56825/bufbu.2022.4133125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The present study was carried out for quality and safety assessment of buffalo milk collected from five different areas of Mathura city viz. Holigate (H), Sadar (S), Aurangabad (A), Chungi (A) and Township (T). The milk samples were collected from dairy shops, vendors and milk producers and evaluated for various organoleptic tests, Physico-chemical properties, proximate estimation and microbiological studies by following the standard procedures. Among organoleptic tests, Chungi (80%) and Township (90%) samples had a more clear appearance than Holigate (30%), Sadar (40%) and Aurangabad (60%) areas. There were 40, 60, 80, 90 and 100% samples which were white in color, in H, S, A, C and T areas respectively. The normal consistency of milk was observed in 50, 60, 70, 80 and 90% samples in H, S, A, C, and T area. There were 40, 50, 70, 80 and 90% samples that had a normal odor in H, S, A, C, and T respectively. The COB test was positive in 40, 30, 20, 10 and 0% samples of H, S, A, C and T regions respectively. The temperature, pH and specific gravity were lower though titrable acidity was higher than the normal prescribed limit in all milk samples. All the proximate parameters showed significantly (P<0.05) difference between buffalo milk samples. Among proximate parameters, moisture content were comparatively higher; however other parameters (protein, ash, total solids) showed lower values than the normal prescribed range. The formalin adulteration was detected in 50, 30, 10, 10 and 0% milk samples from H, S, A, C, and T areas. All buffalo milk samples were negative for other preservatives, neutralizers, and adulterants. The microbial load of all milk samples were higher than normal prescribed limit in terms of SPC, DMC, Coliform count as well as Staphylococcus count.
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Pradhan S, Ranjan R, Verma A, Singh T, Aggarwal L, Singh R, Shahi U. PD-0906 Functional MRI as an Assessment Tool in Carcinoma Cervix Patients Undergoing Chemoradiation. Radiother Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(22)02985-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Ansari M, Rahman M, Alharbi KS, Altowayan WM, Ali AMA, Almalki WH, Barkat MA, Singh T, Nasar S, Akhter MH, Beg S, Choudhry H. Hispolon-Loaded Liquid Crystalline Nanoparticles: Development, Stability, In Vitro Delivery Profile, and Assessment of Hepatoprotective Activity in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. ACS Omega 2022; 7:9452-9464. [PMID: 35350323 PMCID: PMC8945187 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The present work describes the development and characterization of liquid crystalline nanoparticles of hispolon (HP-LCNPs) for treating hepatocellular carcinoma. HP-LCNPs were prepared by a top-down method utilizing GMO as the lipid and Pluronic F-127 as the polymeric stabilizer. The prepared formulations (HP1-HP8) were tested for long-term stability, where HP5 showed good stability with a particle size of 172.5 ± 0.3 nm, a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.38 ± 0.31 nm, a zeta potential of -10.12 mV ± 0.05, an entrapment efficiency of 86.81 ± 2.5%, and a drug loading capacity of 12.51 ± 1.12%. Optical photomicrography and transmission electron microscopy images demonstrated a consistent, low degree of aggregation and a spherical shape of LCNPs. The effect of temperature and pH on the optimized formulation (HP5) indicated good stability at 45 °C and at pH between 2 and 5. In vitro gastrointestinal stability indicated no significant change in the particle size, PDI, and entrapment efficiency of the drug. The drug release study exhibited a biphasic pattern in simulated gastric fluid (pH 1.2) for 2 h and simulated intestinal fluid (pH 7.4) for up to 24 h, while the best fitting of the profile was observed with the Higuchi model, indicating the Fickian diffusion mechanism. The in vivo pharmacokinetic study demonstrated nearly 4.8-fold higher bioavailability from HP5 (AUC: 1774.3 ± 0.41 μg* h/mL) than from the HP suspension (AUC: 369.11 ± 0.11 μg* h/mL). The anticancer activity evaluation revealed a significant improvement in antioxidant parameters and serum hepatic biomarkers (SGOT, SGPT, ALP, total bilirubin, and GGT) in the diethyl nitrosamine-treated group of rats with the optimized LCNP formulation (HP5) vis-à-vis HP suspension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad
Javed Ansari
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince
Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj 16278, Saudi
Arabia
| | - Mahfoozur Rahman
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shalom Institute of Health & Allied
Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of
Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad 211007, India
- ,
| | - Khalid S. Alharbi
- Department
of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf
University, Sakakah 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed M. Altowayan
- Department
of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim 52571, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Mahmoud Abdelhaleem Ali
- Department
of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed H. Almalki
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md. Abul Barkat
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University
of Hafr Al Batin, Hafar
Al Batin 39524, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tanuja Singh
- Department
of Botany, Patliputra University, Patna 800020, Bihar, India
| | - Shehla Nasar
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, King
Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Habban Akhter
- School
of Pharmaceutical and Population Health Informatics (SoPPHI), DIT University, Dehradun 248009, India
| | - Sarwar Beg
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of
Pharmaceutical Education and
Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
- ,
| | - Hani Choudhry
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Metabolism
& Epigenetic Unit,
Faculty of Science, King Fahd Center for Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Elerian S, El Tagy H, Munuswamy S, Singh T, De C. 38 Virtual Trauma Meeting-the Game Changer During COVID 19 Era. A Quantitative Comparative Analysis. Br J Surg 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znac039.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
In an orthopaedic department, majority of plans and decision-making cases occur at the daily trauma meeting. With the advent of COVID-19 pandemic, it was challenging to deliver the standard care maintaining social distancing guidelines. Therefore, virtual trauma handover replaced the traditional face-to-face handover as a standalone solution. This study has tried to report on effectivity of the new virtual trauma handover process.
Method
This single centre observational study compared retrospectively collected data during pre-COVID-19 period (2019) and prospectively followed data from virtual trauma meetings during COVID 19 pandemic. The study analysed comparison of meeting start and finish time, attendance of key members, punctuality of attendees and interruptions during the handover process.
Results
Changing from face-to-face to virtual trauma meetings, average participation doubled from 9 to 18 with increased consultant attendance (Mean: 7.5 vs 2) -statistically significant (p < 0.05). Enhanced senior clinician participation helped in multidisciplinary decision making promptly. Punctuality of attendance noted as declining late arrivals in 28/34 face-to-face to 4/34 virtual meetings. Although meetings start-time remained similar overall, there was less interruptions during virtual handover and mean meeting span reduced by 13 minutes.
Conclusions
As part of adaptive changes during COVID-19 pandemic, virtual trauma handover meetings have introduced changes in delivery of existing acute trauma services. Within very few limitations, it could be an aid to improve clinician participation, easiness of having multidisciplinary opinion and decision making. Moreover, it helped to practice social distancing guidelines. Educational activities are also effectively managed through virtual meetings.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Elerian
- Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust Hospitals, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - H. El Tagy
- Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust Hospitals, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - S. Munuswamy
- Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust Hospitals, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - T. Singh
- Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust Hospitals, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - C. De
- Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust Hospitals, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Cheng LJ, Sanguansri L, Hlaing MM, Singh T, Shrestha P, Augustin MA. Use of vegetables for enhancing oxidative stability of omega-3 oils in the powdered state. Food Chem 2022; 370:131340. [PMID: 34662791 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The preliminary study examined the effectiveness of various vegetables for the stabilisation of omega-3 oil powders against oxidative deterioration. Purees made from different vegetables (mushroom, brussels sprouts, broccoli, cauliflower, snow peas, tomato, and garlic) were employed for preparation of vegetable-tuna oil emulsions, which were subsequently freeze-dried into powders. Oxipres® data showed that vegetable-tuna oil powders had longer induction periods than neat tuna oil. During accelerated oxidation storage (40 °C/4weeks), eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids in the vegetable-tuna oil powders were protected against oxidation, and there were lower levels of headspace secondary and tertiary oxidation products. Whole vegetable purees were suitable protective matrices for omega-3 oils. Of the various vegetable purees examined for protective effects against omega-3 oxidation, mushroom, brussels sprouts, broccoli, and cauliflower were superior to snow peas, garlic and tomato. The antioxidant properties of phytonutrients inherent in various vegetables are likely contributors to protection of omega-3 oil powders against oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Cheng
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, 671 Sneydes Road, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia
| | - L Sanguansri
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, 671 Sneydes Road, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia
| | - M M Hlaing
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, 671 Sneydes Road, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia
| | - T Singh
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, 671 Sneydes Road, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia
| | - P Shrestha
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, Clunies Ross Street, Black Mountain, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - M A Augustin
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, 671 Sneydes Road, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia.
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Singh T, Aulakh R, Gupta P, Chhatwal J, Gupta P. Developing a competency-based undergraduate logbook for pediatrics: Process and lessons. J Postgrad Med 2022; 68:31-34. [PMID: 35042315 PMCID: PMC8860119 DOI: 10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_617_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
With the first MBBS batch admitted under the new National Medical Commission (NMC) undergraduate curriculum entering pediatric clinical posting soon, creation of a Pediatric logbook in consonance with this competency-based curriculum was felt to be a need of the hour. No such document is yet available in the public domain. The logbook template, created after enormous brainstorming amongst authors, includes 176 Shows (S), Shows How (SH) and Perform (P) level competencies. These were further segregated into certifiable (23), affective domain (25) and clinic/field visits (9) leaving 51 as documentable competencies. The institutions may use this template to build their own institute-specific logbook based on the infrastructure, faculty strength, clinical patient load, student intake and preferred assessment method(s). It would also be worthwhile to integrate this with the internship logbook (and later the postgraduate one for students opting for post-graduation in pediatrics) to provide a longitudinal record of each student's trajectory of learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Singh
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medical Education, SGRD Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - R Aulakh
- Department of Pediatrics, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - P Gupta
- Department of Pediatrics, ESIC Medical College and Hospital, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - J Chhatwal
- Department of Pediatrics, Kalpana Chawla Govt Medical College, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - P Gupta
- Department of Pediatrics, University College of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Webb MM, Bridges P, Aruparayil N, Chugh C, Beacon T, Singh T, Sawhney SS, Bains L, Hall R, Jayne D, Gnanaraj J, Mishra A, Culmer PR. The RAIS Device for Global Surgery: Using a Participatory Design Approach to Navigate the Translational Pathway to Clinical Use. IEEE J Transl Eng Health Med 2022; 10:3700212. [PMID: 35865752 PMCID: PMC9292337 DOI: 10.1109/jtehm.2022.3177313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Background: Over 5 billion people worldwide have no access to surgery worldwide, typically in low-resource settings, despite it being a primary life-saving treatment. Gas Insufflation-Less Laparoscopic Surgery (GILLS) can address this inequity, by improving current GILLS instrumentation to modern surgical standards. Objective: to develop and translate a new Retractor for Abdominal Insufflation-less Surgery (RAIS) into clinical use and thus provide a context-appropriate system to advance GILLS surgery. Methods: A collaborative multidisciplinary team from the UK and India was formed, embedding local clinical stakeholders and an industry partner in defining user and contextual needs. System development was based on a phased roadmap for ‘surgical device design in low resource settings’ and embedded participatory and frugal design principles in an iterative process supported by traditional medical device design methodologies. Each phase of development was evaluated by the stakeholder team through interactive workshops using cadaveric surgical simulations. A Commercialisation phase undertook Design to Manufacture and regulatory approval activities. Clinical validation was then conducted with rural surgeons performing GILLS procedures using the RAIS system. Semi-structured questionnaires and interviews were used to evaluate device performance. Results: A set of user needs and contextual requirements were defined and formalised. System development occurred across five iterations. Stakeholder participation was instrumental in converging on a design which met user requirements. A commercial RAIS system was then produced by an industry partner under Indian regulatory approval. This was successfully used in clinical validation to conduct 12 surgical procedures at two locations in rural India. Surgical feedback showed that the RAIS system provided a valuable and usable surgical instrument which was appropriate for use in low-resource contexts. Conclusions: Using a context-specific development approach with close engagement of stakeholders was crucial to develop the RAIS system for low-resource regions. The outcome is translation from global health need into a fully realized commercial instrument which can be used by surgeons in low-resource regions across India.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Marriott Webb
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, U.K
| | | | - N. Aruparayil
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, U.K
| | - C. Chugh
- Department of Surgery, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - T. Beacon
- Medical Aid International, Bedford, U.K
| | - T. Singh
- XLO Ortho Life Systems, New Delhi, India
| | | | - L. Bains
- Department of Surgery, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - R. Hall
- Pd-m International, Thirsk, U.K
| | - D. Jayne
- Department of Academic Surgery, University of Leeds, Leeds, U.K
| | - J. Gnanaraj
- Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, Karunya University, Coimbatore, India
| | - A. Mishra
- Department of Surgery, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - P. R. Culmer
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, U.K
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Singh T, Muscroft N, Collier N, England A. A comparison of effective dose and risk for different collimation options used in AP shoulder radiography. Radiography (Lond) 2021; 28:394-399. [PMID: 34887196 DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2021.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Radiography forms the cornerstone of the evaluation of shoulder disorders. While the benefits of radiography exceed the risks, there continues to be a compelling case for reduction of radiation exposure from diagnostic radiography. The aim of this project was to evaluate the radiation dose and risk for a variety of collimation settings used during anteroposterior (AP) shoulder radiography. METHODS This was a phantom based study where an ATOM adult dosimetry phantom was loaded with 272 thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs). Following loading, the phantom was setup for an AP shoulder X-ray projection with standard 25 × 30 cm rectangular collimation. The phantom was exposed three times and then the TLDs were removed and read. The experiment was repeated using a diamond shaped collimation and rectangular collimation with a minimum field of view to portray only relevant anatomy. Using the TLD dose measurements the effective doses and radiation risks were determined and compared. RESULTS As expected, organs neighbouring the shoulder experienced the highest absorbed doses (greater than 0.01 mGy); these organs included breast, lung and thyroid gland. The effective doses for standard rectangular, small rectangular and diamond collimation were 0.011, 0.008 and 0.016 mSv, respectively. When compared to standard collimation, a small field of view reduced effective dose by 27.3% and when moving to a diamond shape there was a 45.5% increase. The differences are likely driven by differences in the coverage of the radiosensitive lung and breast tissue. CONCLUSION By utilising a variety of different collimation settings, effective dose can be reduced. Reducing the radiation dose is both financially beneficial and results in a lower stochastic risk for patients. Image quality must also be considered when choosing different collimation settings. It stands to reason that by reducing the field size, dose will be reduced, and our study has served to quantify the effects in a practical situation. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The utilisation of smaller/tight collimation is recommended as it offers the lowest dose when compared with other types of collimations. Although well-known this study serves to remind practitioners of the practical importance of collimation and is associated effect on effective dose and risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Singh
- School of Allied Health Professions, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, UK
| | - N Muscroft
- Warrington & Halton Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Warrington, UK
| | - N Collier
- Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Preston, UK
| | - A England
- School of Allied Health Professions, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, UK; Discipline of Medical Imaging, School of Medicine, University College Cork, Ireland.
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Li S, Xu Z, Alrobaian M, Afzal O, Kazmi I, Almalki WH, Altamimi ASA, Al-Abbasi FA, Alharbi KS, Altowayan WM, Singh T, Akhter MH, Gupta M, Rahman M, Beg S. EGF-functionalized lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles of 5-fluorouracil and sulforaphane with enhanced bioavailability and anticancer activity against colon carcinoma. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2021; 69:2205-2221. [PMID: 34775646 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The present research work describes development of dual drug-loaded lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles (LPHNPs) of anticancer therapeutics for the management of colon cancer. The epidermal growth factor (EGF)-functionalized LPHNPs coloaded with 5-fluorouracil (FU) and sulforaphane (SFN) were prepared by one-step nanoprecipitation method. Box-Behnken design was applied for optimizing the material attributes and process parameters. The optimized LPHNPs revealed particle size 198 nm, polydispersity index 0.3, zeta potential -25.3 mV, and drug loading efficiency 19-20.3% for 5-FU and SFN, respectively. EGF functionalization on LPHNPs was confirmed from positive magnitude of zeta potential to 21.3 mV as compared with the plain LPHNPs. In vitro drug release performance indicated sustained and non-Fickian mechanism release nature of the drugs from LPHNPs. Anticancer activity evaluation in HCT-15 colon cancer cells showed significant reduction (p < 0.001) in the cell growth and cytotoxicity of the investigated drugs from various treatments in the order: EGF-functionalized LPHNPs > plain LPHNPs > free drug suspensions. Overall, the research work corroborated improved treatment efficacy of EGF-functionalized LPHNPs for delivering chemotherapeutic agents for the management of colon carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumin Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Binzhou Central Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhongkai Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shangdong, China
| | - Majed Alrobaian
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Obaid Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed H Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Fahad A Al-Abbasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid S Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakakah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed M Altowayan
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tanuja Singh
- University Department of Botany, Patliputra University, Patna, Bihar, India
| | | | - Manish Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES), Energy Acres, Bidholi, Via Premnagar, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Mahfoozur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shalom Institute of Health & Allied Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad, India
| | - Sarwar Beg
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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McGunigal M, Singh T, Amarell K, Aghdam N, Paudel N, Lischalk J. Association Between Travel Distance and Use of Postoperative Radiation Therapy for Incompletely Resected Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.07.1001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ahlawat P, Singh T, Gairola M, Tandon S, Purohit S, Sachdeva N, Ismail Sharief M, Dobriyal K, Krishnan A. Inter-Correlations Between Various High-Risk Pathological Factors in Resected Buccal Mucosal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.07.1137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Bularga A, Wereski R, Taggart C, Lowry M, Singh T, Lee KK, Anand A, Shah ASV, Ross DA, Perry MR, Dweck MR, Newby DE, Chapman AR, Mills NL. Mechanisms of myocardial injury and clinical outcomes in patients hospitalised with suspected COVID-19. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.1154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Myocardial injury is associated with adverse outcomes in patients with COVID-19. However, the prognostic role of myocardial injury in COVID-19 compared to other acute illnesses and the underlying mechanisms of injury are poorly understood.
Methods
In a prospective, multi-centre, cohort study conducted in secondary and tertiary care hospitals in Scotland, all consecutive patients with suspected COVID-19 underwent cardiac troponin (ARCHITECTSTAT high-sensitive troponin I (hs-cTnI) assay; Abbott Laboratories) testing in plasma that was surplus to clinical requirements. The results were not reported unless required by the attending clinician. We evaluated the prevalence of myocardial injury, mechanisms and outcomes in all patients. In those with any hs-cTnI concentration above the sex-specific 99th centile the diagnosis was adjudicated according to the 4th Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction. The primary outcome of all-cause mortality was compared in those with and without myocardial injury and COVID-19 by cox regression adjusted for age, sex, renal function and co-morbidities.
Results
A total of 2,916 (median age 69 [interquartile range, IQR 54–79] years, 53% women) consecutive patients with suspected COVID-19 were followed up for 228 [IQR 203–249] days. Myocardial injury occurred in 26% (750/2,916) with a median troponin concentration of 66 [35–178] ng/L; the prevalence was 41% (46/112) and 25% (704/2,804) in those with and without COVID-19, respectively. The most common mechanism was acute non-ischaemic myocardial injury occurring in 80% (37/46) and 71% (502/704) of patients with and without COVID-19, respectively. Type 1 myocardial infarction (2% and 4%), type 2 myocardial infarction (7% and 14%) and chronic myocardial injury (11% and 11%) were less common and only one patient had confirmed myocarditis. In patients with myocardial injury mortality was increased compared to those without (P<0.001 log rank), whether they had COVID-19 (54% [25/46] versus 26% [17/66]) or not (35% [248/704] versus 14% [294/2100]). Myocardial injury was an independent predictor of death in all patients (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 2.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.71 to 2.43), but this excess risk was not higher in patients with COVID-19 (aHR 1.58, 95% CI 0.75 to 3.15) compared to those without the condition (aHR 2.01, 95% CI 1.81 to 2.49).
Conclusion
Myocardial injury is common in hospitalised patients with suspected COVID-19 whether or not COVID-19 was the cause of their presentation. The majority of patients had acute non-ischaemic myocardial injury rather than a defined cardiac condition. Despite this the presence of myocardial injury was an independent predictor of death in all hospitalised patients.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): British Heart Foundation Kaplan-Meier curve for all-cause death
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bularga
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - R Wereski
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - C Taggart
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - M Lowry
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - T Singh
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - K K Lee
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - A Anand
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - A S V Shah
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Department of Cardiology, London, United Kingdom
| | - D A Ross
- Western General Hospital, Regional Infectious Disease Unit, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - M R Perry
- Western General Hospital, Regional Infectious Disease Unit, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - M R Dweck
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - D E Newby
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - A R Chapman
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - N L Mills
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Mendell J, Shieh P, Sahenk Z, Lehman K, Lowes L, Reash N, Iammarino M, Alfano L, Powers B, Woods J, Skura C, Mao H, Staudt L, Potter R, Griffin D, Lewis S, Hu L, Upadhyay S, Singh T, Rodino-Klapac L. CLINICAL TRIAL HIGHLIGHTS. Neuromuscul Disord 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2021.07.383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Chen L, Alrobaian M, Afzal O, Kazmi I, Panda SK, Alfawaz Altamimi AS, Al-Abbasi FA, Almalki WH, Katouah HA, Singh T, Soni K, Hafeez A, Beg S, Kumar V, Rahman M. Crotamiton-loaded tea tree oil containing phospholipid-based microemulsion hydrogel for scabies treatment: in vitro, in vivo evaluation, and dermatokinetic studies. Drug Deliv 2021; 28:1972-1981. [PMID: 34565260 PMCID: PMC8475106 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2021.1979131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Crotamiton (CRT) is a commonly approved drug prescribed for the scabies treatment in many countries across the globe. However, poor aqueous solubility and low bioavailability, and side effects restrict its use. To avoid such issues, an appropriate carrier system is necessary which can address the aforementioned challenges for attaining enhanced biopharmaceutical attributes. The current study intends to provide a detailed account on the development and evaluation of CRT-loaded microemulsion (ME) hydrogel formulation containing tea tree oil (TTO) for improved drug delivery for scabies treatment in a safe and effective manner. Pseudo-ternary phase diagrams were constructed with TTO as the oily phase, and Cremophor®EL was used as the surfactant in a mass ratio 2:1 with co-surfactants (mixture of phospholipid 90G and Transcutol®P), and aqueous solution as the external phase. The optimized drug-loaded ME formulation was evaluated for skin penetration, retention, compliance, and dermatokinetics. The nonirritant behavior of the formulation was revealed by skin histopathology, which showed no changes in normal skin histology. In comparison to the conventional product, dermatokinetic experiments revealed that CRT has greater penetration and distribution in the epidermis of the mice skin. The findings imply that the proposed lipid-based ME hydrogel can aid in the resolution of CRT issues by providing a better and safer delivery option to epidermis and deeper epidermis in substantial quantities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Majed Alrobaian
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Obaid Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sunil K Panda
- Menovo Pharmaceuticals Research Lab, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Fahad A Al-Abbasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed H Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanadi A Katouah
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tanuja Singh
- Department of Botany, Patliputra University, Patna, India
| | - Kriti Soni
- Formulation Development, Dabur Research Foundation, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Abdul Hafeez
- Glocal School of Pharmacy, Glocal University, Saharanpur, India
| | - Sarwar Beg
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shalom Institute of Health & Allied Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad, India
| | - Mahfoozur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shalom Institute of Health & Allied Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad, India
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Ahlawat P, Tiwari S, Gairola M, Tandon S, Purohit S, Dobriyal K, Singh T, Krishnan A. PO-0950 Comparison between two-dose levels versus three-dose levels IMRT in head and neck cancers. Radiother Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)07401-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Sachdeva N, Ahlawat P, Gairola M, Tandon S, Purohit S, Sharief M, Dobriyal K, Singh T, Krishnan A. PO-0953 Impact of human papilloma virus on treatment outcomes in oropharyngeal cancer in India. Radiother Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)07404-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Ahlawat P, Krishnan A, Gairola M, Tandon S, Purohit S, Sachdeva N, Sharief M, Dobriyal K, Singh T. PO-1028 Inter-correlations between various high-risk pathological factors in squamous cell carcinoma tongue. Radiother Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)07479-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Ahlawat P, Gairola M, Purohit S, Tandon S, Sachdeva N, Sharief M, Singh T, Dobriyal K, Krishnan A. PO-0984 Impact of anterior commissure involvement in early glottic cancer treated with radical IMRT. Radiother Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)07435-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Rahman M, Almalki WH, Alghamdi S, Alharbi KS, Khalilullah H, Habban Akhter M, Keshari AK, Sharma N, Singh T, Soni K, Hafeez A, Beg S. Three 'D's: Design approach, dimensional printing, and drug delivery systems as promising tools in healthcare applications. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:2726-2733. [PMID: 34242795 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The development of pharmaceutical drug products is required for the treatment of disease, which has resulted in an increasing number of approvals by regulatory agencies across the globe. To establish a hassle-free manufacturing process, the systematic use of a quality-by-design (QbD) approach combined with process analytical technology (PAT) and printing techniques can revolutionize healthcare applications. Printing technology has been emerged in various dimensions, such as 3D, 4D, and 5D printing, with respect to their production capabilities, durability, and accuracy of pharmaceutical manufacturing, which can efficiently deliver novel patient-centric healthcare products with holistic characteristics. In this review, we provide current trends in pharmaceutical product development using a design approach and high-quality printing techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahfoozur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shalom Institute of Health & Allied Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad, India.
| | - Waleed H Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Alghamdi
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid S Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakakah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Habibullah Khalilullah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Nisha Sharma
- Faculty of Pharmacy, DIT University, Dehradun, India
| | - Tanuja Singh
- University Department of Botany, Patliputra University, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Kriti Soni
- Formulation Development, Dabur Research Foundation, 22 Site IV Sahibabad Industrial Area, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abdul Hafeez
- Glocal School of Pharmacy, Glocal University, Mirzapur Pole, Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sarwar Beg
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India.
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Hussain SA, Uppal SK, Singh T. Ultrasonographic assessment of change in omasal position during the last month of gestation and first month of lactation in buffaloes. SCHWEIZ ARCH TIERH 2021; 163:411-418. [PMID: 34097635 DOI: 10.17236/sat00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study was aimed to determine the effect of advanced pregnancy on the topography and size of the omasum in 22 healthy Murrah buffaloes. The omasum was scanned 15-20 days before and after parturition, as per the standard procedure. The dorsal and ventral margins of the omasum were identified and marked at each intercostal space (ICS). The dorsal and ventral limits up to the dorsal midline were measured. The omasum was scanned in 6th to 11th ICS during advanced pregnancy and 7th to 11th ICS after the parturition. Irrespective of the pregnancy, the dorsal and ventral margins of the omasum were located farther dorsal and close to the spine in the 6th, 7th and 11th ICS. Except in one buffalo, the omasum was scanned in four consecutive ICS during the advanced pregnancy. After parturition the omasum was scanned in four and five consecutive ICS in 17 and five buffaloes, respectively. The mean dorsal and ventral limits of the omasum increased significantly (P .
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Hussain
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Medicine Ethics & Jurisprudence, Faculty of veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, India
| | - S K Uppal
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India
| | - T Singh
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India
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Waris M, Shahzad N, Anjum H, Al-Ghamdi SS, Mir SR, Singh T. Withania coagulans extract loaded nano-formulation ameliorates streptozotocin-induced diabetes and associated renal stress and inflammation. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Elerian S, Singh T, Jagodzinski NA, Norris R, Tan S, Power D, Jones J, Rajaratnam V. 173 Early Results of a Variable-Angle Volar Locking Plate for Distal Radius Fractures: A Bi-Centre Study. Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab134.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
This study examines the clinical, functional and radiological outcomes of distal radius fracture fixation with the Aptus® (Medartis, Pennsylvania) locking plate in order to determine its efficacy and to identify notable findings related to treatment variations.
Method
This is a retrospective bi-centre study collecting patient details from a District General Hospital and a Regional Hand Unit. We assessed 61 consecutive patients with distal radius fractures (AO grade A = 19, B = 9, C = 33) fixed using Aptus® plate with a minimum of six months follow-up. Outcome measures included the DASH score, wrist range of movement and grip strength, and complications. Radiographs were reviewed to assess restoration of anatomy and union.
Results
All but two fractures united within six weeks. Mean ranges of movement were only mildly restricted compared to the normal wrist (flexion/extension = 102°; radial/ulna deviation = 53°; pronation/supination = 169°). Mean postoperative grip strength was 23.8kg which was comparable to the contralateral side at 31.5kg. The mean DASH score was 18.2. Seven patients had screws misplaced outside the distal radius although three of these remained asymptomatic.
Conclusions
Variable-angle locking systems benefit from flexibility of implant positioning and may allow enhanced inter-fragmentary reduction for accurate fixation of intra-articular fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Elerian
- Sandwell & West Birmingham NHS Trust Hospitals, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - T Singh
- Sandwell & West Birmingham NHS Trust Hospitals, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Birmingham University Hospitals, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - R Norris
- Peterborough District Hospital, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - S Tan
- Birmingham University Hospitals, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - D Power
- Birmingham University Hospitals, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - J Jones
- Peterborough District Hospital, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - V Rajaratnam
- Birmingham University Hospitals, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Alhalmi A, Beg S, Kohli K, Waris M, Singh T. Nanotechnology Based Approach for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Targeting. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 22:779-792. [PMID: 33302831 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121999201209194524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the primary liver cancer that has shown a high incidence and mortality rate worldwide among several types of cancers. A large variety of chemotherapeutic agents employed for the treatment have a limited success rate owing to their limited site-specific drug targeting ability. Thus, there is a demand to develop novel approaches for the treatment of HCC. With advancements in nanotechnology-based drug delivery approaches, the challenges of conventional chemotherapy have been continuously decreasing. Nanomedicines constituted of lipidic and polymeric composites provide a better platform for delivering and opening new pathways for HCC treatment. A score of nanocarriers such as surface-engineered liposomes, nanoparticles, nanotubes, micelles, quantum dots, etc., has been investigated in the treatment of HCC. These nanocarriers are considered to be highly effective clinically for delivering chemotherapeutic drugs with high site-specificity ability and therapeutic efficiency. The present review highlights the current focus on the application of nanocarrier systems using various ligand-based receptor-specific targeting strategies for the treatment and management of HCC. Moreover, the article has also included information on the current clinically approved drug therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma treatment and updates of regulatory requirements for approval of such nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulsalam Alhalmi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Sarwar Beg
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Kanchan Kohli
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Md Waris
- Department of Botany, Thakur Prasad Singh College, Patna, Magadh University, Bodh Gaya, India
| | - Tanuja Singh
- University Department of Botany, Patliputra University, Patna, Bihar, India
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Laroiya I, Khare S, Irrinki S, Singh G, S.S.N., Baal A, Singh T. The significance of skin edema in advanced breast cancer and its response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Breast 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-9776(21)00146-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Wang L, Wang X, Shen L, Alrobaian M, Panda SK, Almasmoum HA, Ghaith MM, Almaimani RA, Ibrahim IAA, Singh T, Baothman AA, Choudhry H, Beg S. Paclitaxel and naringenin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles surface modified with cyclic peptides with improved tumor targeting ability in glioblastoma multiforme. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 138:111461. [PMID: 33706131 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work describes the systematic development of paclitaxel and naringenin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). So far only temozolomide therapy is available for the GBM treatment, which fails by large amount due to poor brain permeability of the drug and recurrent metastasis of the tumor. Thus, we investigated the drug combination containing paclitaxel and naringenin for the treatment of GBM, as these drugs have individually demonstrated significant potential for the management of a wide variety of carcinoma. A systematic product development approach was adopted where risk assessment was performed for evaluating the impact of various formulation and process parameters on the quality attributes of the SLNs. I-optimal response surface design was employed for optimization of the dual drug-loaded SLNs prepared by micro-emulsification method, where Percirol ATO5 and Dynasan 114 were used as the solid lipid and surfactant, while Lutrol F188 was used as the stabilizer. Drug loaded-SLNs were subjected to detailed in vitro and in vivo characterization studies. Cyclic RGD peptide sequence (Arg-Gly-Asp) was added to the formulation to obtain the surface modified SLNs which were also evaluated for the particle size and surface charge. The optimized drug-loaded SLNs exhibited particle size and surface charge of 129 nm and 23 mV, drug entrapment efficiency >80% and drug loading efficiency >7%. In vitro drug release study carried out by micro dialysis bag method indicated more than 70% drug was release observed within 8 h time period. In vivo pharmacokinetic evaluation showed significant improvement (p < 0.05) in drug absorption parameters (Cmax and AUC) from the optimized SLNs over the free drug suspension. Cytotoxicity evaluation on U87MG glioma cells indicated SLNs with higher cytotoxicity as compared to that of the free drug suspension (p < 0.05). Evaluation of uptake by florescence measurement indicated superior uptake of SLNs tagged with dye over the plain dye solution. Overall, the dual drug-loaded SLNs showed better chemoprotective effect over the plain drug solution, thus construed superior anticancer activity of the developed nanoformulation in the management of glioblastoma multiforme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tangshan Workers' Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China
| | - Xiangbo Wang
- Department of Oncological Radiotherapy, The People's Hospital of Zhangqiu, No.1920 Huiquan Road, Mingshui, Jinan, Shandong Province 250200, China
| | - Lina Shen
- Department of the Third Neurosurgery, Handan City No.1 Hospital, Handan, Hebei 056002, China
| | - Majed Alrobaian
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sunil K Panda
- Research Director, Menovo Pharmaceuticals Research Lab, Ningbo, China
| | - Hussain A Almasmoum
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazen M Ghaith
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riyad A Almaimani
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Abdel Aziz Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tanuja Singh
- University Department of Botany, Patliputra University, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Abdullah A Baothman
- Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Science (KSAU-HS), King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMARC), Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani Choudhry
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Metabolism & Epigenetic Unit, Faculty of Science, King Fahd Center for Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarwar Beg
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India.
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Virk A, Joshi A, Mahajan R, Singh T. Reply to Letter to Editor regarding the article, "The power of subjectivity in competency-based assessment". J Postgrad Med 2021; 67:59-60. [PMID: 33565475 PMCID: PMC8098875 DOI: 10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_1269_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Virk
- Adesh Medical College & Hospital, Shahabad (M), Haryana, India
| | - A Joshi
- Pramukhswami Medical College, Karamsad, Gujarat, India
| | - R Mahajan
- Adesh Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - T Singh
- SGRD Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Amritsar, Punjab, India
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Abstract
The uncertainty in all spheres of higher education due to the COVID-19 pandemic has had an unprecedented impact on teaching-learning and assessments in medical colleges across the globe. The conventional ways of assessment are now neither possible nor practical for certifying medical graduates. This has necessitated thoughtful considerations in making adjustments to the assessment system, with most institutions transitioning to online assessments that so far have remained underutilized. Programmatic assessment encourages the deliberate and longitudinal use of diverse assessment methods to maximize learning and assessment and at present can be utilized optimally as it ensures the collection of multiple low-stake assessment data which can be aggregated for high-stake pass/fail decisions by making use of every opportunity for formative feedback to improve performance. Though efforts have been made to introduce programmatic assessment in the competency-based undergraduate curriculum, transitioning to online assessment can be a potential opportunity if the basic tenets of programmatic assessment, choice of online assessment tools, strategies, good practices of online assessments and challenges are understood and explored explicitly for designing and implementing online assessments. This paper explores the possibility of introducing online assessment with face-to-face assessment and structuring a blended programmatic assessment in competency-based medical education.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mahajan
- Department of Pharmacology, Adesh Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Bathinda, Gujarat, India
| | - S Saiyad
- Department of Physiology, Smt. NHL Municipal Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - A Virk
- Department of Community Medicine, Adesh Medical College and Hospital, Mohri, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - A Joshi
- Department of Pharmacology, Pramukhswami Medical College, Karamsad, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - T Singh
- Department of Medical Education, Sri Guru Ram Das University of Health Sciences, Amritsar, Punjab, India
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