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Bahadır EB, Sezgintürk MK. A review on impedimetric biosensors. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 44:248-62. [DOI: 10.3109/21691401.2014.942456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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52
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Chemiluminometric immuno-analysis of innate immune response against repetitive bacterial stimulations for the same mammalian cells. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6011. [PMID: 25109895 PMCID: PMC4127502 DOI: 10.1038/srep06011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
For monitoring of human cellular response to repetitive bacterial stimulations (e.g., Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a lysate form), we devised a chemiluminescent immuno-analytical system for toll-like receptor 1 (TLR1) as marker present on cell surfaces (e.g., A549). Upon stimulation, TLR1 recognizes pathogen-associated molecular patterns of the infectious agent and are then up-regulated via activation of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway. In this study, the receptor density was quantified by employing an antibody specific to the target receptor and by producing a chemiluminometric signal from an enzyme labeled to the binder. The activated status was then switched back to normal down-regulated stage, by changing the culture medium to one containing animal serum. The major factors affecting activation were the stimulation dose of the bacterial lysate, stimulation timing during starvation, and up- and down-regulation time intervals. Reiterative TLR regulation switching up to three times was not affected by either antibody remained after immunoassay or enzyme substrate (e.g., hydrogen peroxide) in solution. This immuno-analysis for TLRs could be unique to acquire accumulated response of the human cells to repeated stimulations and, therefore, can eventually apply to persistency testing of the cellular regulation in screening of anti-inflammatory substances.
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Liu Q, Wu C, Cai H, Hu N, Zhou J, Wang P. Cell-based biosensors and their application in biomedicine. Chem Rev 2014; 114:6423-61. [PMID: 24905074 DOI: 10.1021/cr2003129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingjun Liu
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, China
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Ramadhin C, Pillay B, Olaniran AO. Cell-based assays for IGF-I bioactivity measurement: overview, limitations and current trends. Growth Factors 2014; 32:130-8. [PMID: 25060037 DOI: 10.3109/08977194.2014.939806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is an important growth promoting protein that is involved in numerous cellular responses and multiple biological systems. Although the molecular structure, function and recombinant production of IGF-I in various hosts have been the subject of much researches over the recent past, methods to determine the bioactivity of this protein have not been fully explored. Several assays have traditionally been used to measure IGF-I bioactivity, but have not become a routine laboratory practice due to the high cost involved and technical problems. Thus, there is still a need for a rapid, technically simple and accurate assay to determine IGF-I bioactivity. This review highlights the various cell-based assays currently commercially available for measuring the bioactivity of IGF-I along with their limitations. This is aimed at presenting the modern-day IGF researcher with a holistic overview of the current trends and future prospects regarding IGF-I bioactivity determinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Ramadhin
- Discipline of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal , Durban , Republic of South Africa
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Liu F, Nordin AN, Li F, Voiculescu I. A lab-on-chip cell-based biosensor for label-free sensing of water toxicants. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:1270-1280. [PMID: 24463940 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc51085a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a lab-on-chip biosensor containing an enclosed fluidic cell culturing well seeded with live cells for rapid screening of toxicants in drinking water. The sensor is based on the innovative placement of the working electrode for the electrical cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) technique as the top electrode of a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) resonator. Cell damage induced by toxic water will cause a decrease in impedance, as well as an increase in the resonant frequency. For water toxicity tests, the biosensor's unique capabilities of performing two complementary measurements simultaneously (impedance and mass-sensing) will increase the accuracy of detection while decreasing the false-positive rate. Bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) were used as toxicity sensing cells. The effects of the toxicants, ammonia, nicotine and aldicarb, on cells were monitored with both the QCM and the ECIS technique. The lab-on-chip was demonstrated to be sensitive to low concentrations of toxicants. The responses of BAECs to toxic samples occurred during the initial 5 to 20 minutes depending on the type of chemical and concentrations. Testing the multiparameter biosensor with aldicarb also demonstrated the hypothesis that using two different sensors to monitor the same cell monolayer provides cross validation and increases the accuracy of detection. For low concentrations of aldicarb, the variations in impedance measurements are insignificant in comparison with the shifts of resonant frequency monitored using the QCM resonator. A highly linear correlation between signal shifts and chemical concentrations was demonstrated for each toxicant.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
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56
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Pan ZQ, Xie J, Liu XJ, Bao N, Gu HY. Direct electron transfer from native human hemoglobin using a glassy carbon electrode modified with chitosan and a poly(N,N-diethylacrylamide) hydrogel containing red blood cells. Mikrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-014-1222-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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57
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58
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Skaug MJ, Coffey BM, Schwartz DK. Colloidal transfer printing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:12854-12859. [PMID: 24274697 DOI: 10.1021/am405280w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Many fields of research have adopted self-assembly of colloidal spheres as an easy and reliable method to produce macroscopic structures with nanoscale periodicity. The field of soft lithography in particular has used colloidal self-assembly to fabricate lithographic masks and templates. We developed a colloidal lithography method that uses the colloidal assembly directly to produce submicrometer topographic and chemical surface patterns. The method does not require any specialized equipment, making it particularly useful in biological and chemical laboratories without lithography expertise. The technique involves the curing and solvent removal of a self-assembled colloidal crystal from an inorganic surface. The result is a triangular array of polymer features with submicrometer periodicity that covers square centimeters of surface area. The feature size and spacing is easily controlled, and the features serve as reactive sites for biomolecule immobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Skaug
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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59
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Sharma H, Agarwal M, Goswami M, Sharma A, Roy SK, Rai R, Murugan M. Biosensors: tool for food borne pathogen detection. Vet World 2013. [DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2013.968-973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
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60
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Banerjee P, Kintzios S, Prabhakarpandian B. Biotoxin detection using cell-based sensors. Toxins (Basel) 2013; 5:2366-83. [PMID: 24335754 PMCID: PMC3873691 DOI: 10.3390/toxins5122366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-based biosensors (CBBs) utilize the principles of cell-based assays (CBAs) by employing living cells for detection of different analytes from environment, food, clinical, or other sources. For toxin detection, CBBs are emerging as unique alternatives to other analytical methods. The main advantage of using CBBs for probing biotoxins and toxic agents is that CBBs respond to the toxic exposures in the manner related to actual physiologic responses of the vulnerable subjects. The results obtained from CBBs are based on the toxin-cell interactions, and therefore, reveal functional information (such as mode of action, toxic potency, bioavailability, target tissue or organ, etc.) about the toxin. CBBs incorporate both prokaryotic (bacteria) and eukaryotic (yeast, invertebrate and vertebrate) cells. To create CBB devices, living cells are directly integrated onto the biosensor platform. The sensors report the cellular responses upon exposures to toxins and the resulting cellular signals are transduced by secondary transducers generating optical or electrical signals outputs followed by appropriate read-outs. Examples of the layout and operation of cellular biosensors for detection of selected biotoxins are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Banerjee
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, The University of Memphis, 338 Robison Hall, 3825 Desoto Avenue, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Spyridon Kintzios
- School of Food Science, Biotechnology and Development, Faculty of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens 11855, Greece; E-Mail:
| | - Balabhaskar Prabhakarpandian
- Bioengineering Laboratory Core, Cellular and Biomolecular Engineering, CFD Research Corporation, 701 McMillian Way NW, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA; E-Mail:
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61
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Labroo P, Cui Y. Amperometric bienzyme screen-printed biosensor for the determination of leucine. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 406:367-72. [PMID: 24220759 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7443-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 10/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Leucine plays an important role in protein synthesis, brain functions, building muscle mass, and helping the body when it undergoes stress. Here, we report a new amperometric bienzyme screen-printed biosensor for the determination of leucine, by coimmobilizing p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase (HBH) and leucine dehydrogenase (LDH) on a screen-printed electrode with NADP(+) and p-hydroxybenzoate as the cofactors. The detection principle of the sensor is that LDH catalyzes the specific dehydrogenation of leucine by using NADP(+) as a cofactor. The product, NADPH, triggers the hydroxylation of p-hydroxybenzoate by HBH in the presence of oxygen to produce 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate, which results in a change in electron concentration at the working carbon electrode, which is detected by the potentiostat. The sensor shows a linear detection range between 10 and 600 μM with a detection limit of 2 μM. The response is reproducible and has a fast measuring time of 5-10 s after the addition of a given concentration of leucine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratima Labroo
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
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62
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Hong D, Park M, Yang SH, Lee J, Kim YG, Choi IS. Artificial spores: cytoprotective nanoencapsulation of living cells. Trends Biotechnol 2013; 31:442-7. [PMID: 23791238 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2013.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In this Opinion we discuss the development of artificial spores and their maturation as an independent field of research. The robust cell-in-shell structures have displayed unprecedented characteristics, which include the retardation of cell division and extensive cytoprotective capabilities that encompass exposure to osmotic pressure, shear force, heat, UV radiation, and lytic enzymes. Additionally, the nanothin shells act as highly versatile scaffolds for chemical functionalization to equip cells for implementation in tissue engineering, biosensors, cell therapy, or other biotechnological applications. We also explore the future direction of this emerging field and dictate that the next phase of research should focus on attaining more intricate engineering to achieve stimulus-responsive shell-degradation, multilayer casings with orthogonal functions, and the encapsulation of multiple cells for multicellular artificial spores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daewha Hong
- Center for Cell-Encapsulation Research, Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
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63
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Liu F, Li F, Nordin AN, Voiculescu I. A novel cell-based hybrid acoustic wave biosensor with impedimetric sensing capabilities. SENSORS 2013; 13:3039-55. [PMID: 23459387 PMCID: PMC3658730 DOI: 10.3390/s130303039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A novel multiparametric biosensor system based on living cells will be presented. The biosensor system includes two biosensing techniques on a single device: resonant frequency measurements and electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS). The multiparametric sensor system is based on the innovative use of the upper electrode of a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) resonator as working electrode for the ECIS technique. The QCM acoustic wave sensor consists of a thin AT-cut quartz substrate with two gold electrodes on opposite sides. For integration of the QCM with the ECIS technique a semicircular counter electrode was fabricated near the upper electrode on the same side of the quartz crystal. Bovine aortic endothelial live cells (BAECs) were successfully cultured on this hybrid biosensor. Finite element modeling of the bulk acoustic wave resonator using COMSOL simulations was performed. Simultaneous gravimetric and impedimetric measurements performed over a period of time on the same cell culture were conducted to validate the device's sensitivity. The time necessary for the BAEC cells to attach and form a compact monolayer on the biosensor was 35~45 minutes for 1.5 × 10(4) cells/cm2 BAECs; 60 minutes for 2.0 × 10(4) cells/cm2 BAECs; 70 minutes for 3.0 × 10(4) cells/cm2 BAECs; and 100 minutes for 5.0 × 104 cells/cm2 BAECs. It was demonstrated that this time is the same for both gravimetric and impedimetric measurements. This hybrid biosensor will be employed in the future for water toxicity detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- Mechanical Engineering Department, City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Fang Li
- Mechanical Engineering Department, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Anis Nurashikin Nordin
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Gombak, Kuala Lumpur 53100, Malaysia; E-Mail:
| | - Ioana Voiculescu
- Mechanical Engineering Department, City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-212-650-5210; Fax: +1-212-650-8013
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64
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Zang R, Zhang X, Li M, Yang ST. Microwell bioreactor system for cell-based high throughput proliferation and cytotoxicity assays. Process Biochem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2012.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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65
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Alexander FA, Price DT, Bhansali S. From Cellular Cultures to Cellular Spheroids: Is Impedance Spectroscopy a Viable Tool for Monitoring Multicellular Spheroid (MCS) Drug Models? IEEE Rev Biomed Eng 2013; 6:63-76. [DOI: 10.1109/rbme.2012.2222023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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66
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Choi M, Choi JW, Kim S, Nizamoglu S, Hahn SK, Yun SH. Light-guiding hydrogels for cell-based sensing and optogenetic synthesis in vivo. NATURE PHOTONICS 2013; 7:987-994. [PMID: 25346777 PMCID: PMC4207089 DOI: 10.1038/nphoton.2013.278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Polymer hydrogels are widely used as cell scaffolds for biomedical applications. While the biochemical and biophysical properties of hydrogels have been extensively investigated, little attention has been paid to their potential photonic functionalities. Here, we report cell-integrated polyethylene glycol-based hydrogels for in-vivo optical sensing and therapy applications. Hydrogel patches containing cells were implanted in awake, freely moving mice for several days and shown to offer long-term transparency, biocompatibility, cell-viability, and light-guiding properties (loss: <1 dB/cm). Using optogenetic, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secreting cells, we conducted light-controlled therapy using the hydrogel in a mouse model with type-2 diabetes and attained improved glucose homeostasis. Furthermore, real-time optical readout of encapsulated heat-shock-protein-coupled fluorescent reporter cells made it possible to measure the nanotoxicity of cadmium-based bare and shelled quantum dots (CdTe; CdSe/ZnS) in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myunghwan Choi
- Harvard Medical School and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- WCU Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jin Woo Choi
- Harvard Medical School and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Wonkwang Institute of Interfused Biomedical Science, Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seonghoon Kim
- WCU Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sedat Nizamoglu
- Harvard Medical School and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sei Kwang Hahn
- Harvard Medical School and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
| | - Seok Hyun Yun
- Harvard Medical School and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- WCU Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
- Corresponding Author: S. H. Andy Yun, Ph.D., Associate Professor, Harvard University, 65 Landsdowne St. UP-525, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA, Tel: 1-617-768-8704,
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67
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Cell-Based Biosensors: Electrical Sensing in Microfluidic Devices. Diagnostics (Basel) 2012; 2:83-96. [PMID: 26859401 PMCID: PMC4665553 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics2040083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Revised: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-based biosensors provide new horizons for medical diagnostics by adopting complex recognition elements such as mammalian cells in microfluidic devices that are simple, cost efficient and disposable. This combination renders possible a new range of applications in the fields of diagnostics and personalized medicine. The review looks at the most recent developments in cell-based biosensing microfluidic systems with electrical and electrochemical transduction, and relevance to medical diagnostics.
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68
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Qu M, Boruah BM, Zhang W, Li Y, Liu W, Bi Y, Gao GF, Yang R, Liu D, Gao B. A Rat Basophilic Leukaemia cell sensor for the detection of pathogenic viruses. Biosens Bioelectron 2012; 43:412-8. [PMID: 23356997 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Revised: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A Rat Basophilic Leukemia (RBL) cell sensor is developed for the detection and identification of pathogenic viruses. Recombinant sdAb-Fc antibodies were constructed by linking virus-specific single domain antibody to mouse IgE-Fc fragment. The sdAb-Fc can bind to FcεRI receptors on RBL cells and can be cross-linked by target viruses leading to cell activation and Ca(2+) influx reflected by the increase of intracellular fluorescence. The responses of RBL cells to viruses in real time could be observed using fluorescence microscopy. 10(3) TCID50 of H5N1 viruses and 10 LD50 of rabies viruses could be detected in less than three minutes. An excess quantity of non-relevant viruses did not interfere with the recognition of target viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingsheng Qu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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69
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Cho IH, Jeon JW, Paek SH, Kim DH, Shin HS, Ha UH, Seo SK, Paek SH. Toll-Like Receptor-Based Immuno-Analysis of Pathogenic Microorganisms. Anal Chem 2012; 84:9713-20. [DOI: 10.1021/ac300668y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Il-Hoon Cho
- Program for Bio-Microsystem Technology, 1, 5-ka, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-701,
Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Jeon
- Program for Bio-Microsystem Technology, 1, 5-ka, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-701,
Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Paek
- Program for Bio-Microsystem Technology, 1, 5-ka, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-701,
Korea
| | - Dong-Hyung Kim
- Program for Bio-Microsystem Technology, 1, 5-ka, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-701,
Korea
| | - Hee-Sung Shin
- Department of Biotechnology
and Bioinformatics, Korea University, 2511
Sejong-ro, Sejong 339-700, Korea
| | - Un-Hwan Ha
- Department of Biotechnology
and Bioinformatics, Korea University, 2511
Sejong-ro, Sejong 339-700, Korea
| | - Sung-Kyu Seo
- Department of Electronics and
Information Engineering, Korea University, Jochiwon, Chungnam 339-700, Korea
| | - Se-Hwan Paek
- Program for Bio-Microsystem Technology, 1, 5-ka, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-701,
Korea
- Department of Biotechnology
and Bioinformatics, Korea University, 2511
Sejong-ro, Sejong 339-700, Korea
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70
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Ohk SH, Bhunia AK. Multiplex fiber optic biosensor for detection of Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica from ready-to-eat meat samples. Food Microbiol 2012. [PMID: 23200648 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2012.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica are the most common foodborne bacterial pathogens and are responsible for many outbreaks. Therefore, multiplex detection of these three using a single assay platform is highly desirable. The objective was to develop and optimize a fiber optic sensor for simultaneous detection of these three from food. The streptavidin coated optical waveguides were immobilized with biotinylated polyclonal antibodies and exposed to the bacterial suspensions or enriched food samples for 2 h. Pathogens were detected after reacting with Alexa-Fluor 647-labeled monoclonal antibodies. Ready-to-eat beef, chicken and turkey meats were inoculated with each pathogen (~100 cfu/25 g), enriched in SEL (Salmonella, E. coli, Listeria), a multipathogen selective enrichment broth for 18 h and tested with the biosensor. The biosensor was able to detect each pathogen, individually or in a mixture with very little cross-reactivity. The limit of detection for the sensor was ~10(3) cfu/ml for all three pathogens. Furthermore, the biosensor successfully detected each pathogen, grown in a mixture from enriched meat samples under 24 h. The pathogen presence was further verified by PCR and immunofluorescence assay. The multiplex fiber optic sensor shows promise for detection of the three pathogens if present in the same sample eliminating the use of multiple single pathogen detection platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Ho Ohk
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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71
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Ramón-Azcón J, Ahadian S, Obregón R, Camci-Unal G, Ostrovidov S, Hosseini V, Kaji H, Ino K, Shiku H, Khademhosseini A, Matsue T. Gelatin methacrylate as a promising hydrogel for 3D microscale organization and proliferation of dielectrophoretically patterned cells. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:2959-69. [PMID: 22773042 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc40213k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Establishing the 3D microscale organization of cells has numerous practical applications, such as in determining cell fate (e.g., proliferation, migration, differentiation, and apoptosis) and in making functional tissue constructs. One approach to spatially pattern cells is by dielectrophoresis (DEP). DEP has characteristics that are important for cell manipulation, such as high accuracy, speed, scalability, and the ability to handle both adherent and non-adherent cells. However, widespread application of this method is largely restricted because there is a limited number of suitable hydrogels for cell encapsulation. To date, polyethylene glycol-diacrylate (PEG-DA) and agarose have been used extensively for dielectric patterning of cells. In this study, we propose gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) as a promising hydrogel for use in cell dielectropatterning because of its biocompatibility and low viscosity. Compared to PEG hydrogels, GelMA hydrogels showed superior performance when making cell patterns for myoblast (C2C12) and endothelial (HUVEC) cells as well as in maintaining cell viability and growth. We also developed a simple and robust protocol for co-culture of these cells. Combined application of the GelMA hydrogels and the DEP technique is suitable for creating highly complex microscale tissues with important applications in fundamental cell biology and regenerative medicine in a rapid, accurate, and scalable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Ramón-Azcón
- WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
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72
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Farahi RH, Passian A, Tetard L, Thundat T. Critical issues in sensor science to aid food and water safety. ACS NANO 2012; 6:4548-4556. [PMID: 22564109 DOI: 10.1021/nn204999j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The stability of food and water supplies is widely recognized as a global issue of fundamental importance. Sensor development for food and water safety by nonconventional assays continues to overcome technological challenges. The delicate balance between attaining adequate limits of detection, chemical fingerprinting of the target species, dealing with the complex food matrix, and operating in difficult environments are still the focus of current efforts. While the traditional pursuit of robust recognition methods remains important, emerging engineered nanomaterials and nanotechnology promise better sensor performance but also bring about new challenges. Both advanced receptor-based sensors and emerging non-receptor-based physical sensors are evaluated for their critical challenges toward out-of-laboratory applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- R H Farahi
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6123, USA
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Zhou L, Huang G, Wang S, Wu J, Lee WG, Chen Y, Xu F, Lu T. Advances in cell-based biosensors using three-dimensional cell-encapsulating hydrogels. Biotechnol J 2012; 6:1466-76. [PMID: 22162496 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201100098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Cell-based biosensors (CBBs) have emerged as promising biotechnical tools whereby various cell types can be used as basic sensing units to detect external stimuli. Specifically, CBBs have been applied in environmental monitoring, drug screening, clinical diagnosis and biosecurity. For these applications, CBBs offer several advantages over conventional molecular-based biosensors or living animal-based approaches, such as the capability to better mimic physiological situations, to enhance detection specificity and sensitivity, and to detect unknown compounds and toxins. On the other hand, existing CBBs suffer from several limitations, such as weak cell-substrate attachment, two-dimensional (2D) cell microenvironment, and limited shelf life. An emerging method for scaffold-free three-dimensional (3D) cell culture uses hydrogels to encapsulate cells. Advances in novel biomaterials and nano/microscale technologies have enabled encapsulation of cells in hydrogels to fabricate 3D CBBs, which hold great potential for addressing the limitation in existing 2D CBBs. Here, we present an overview of the emerging hydrogel-based CBBs, their applications in pathogen/toxin detection, drug screening and screening of cell-biomaterials interaction, and the associated challenges and potential solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Zhou
- Biomedical Engineering and Biomechanics Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P R China
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74
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Asphahani F, Thein M, Wang K, Wood D, Wong SS, Xu J, Zhang M. Real-time characterization of cytotoxicity using single-cell impedance monitoring. Analyst 2012; 137:3011-9. [PMID: 22498491 DOI: 10.1039/c2an16079j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cellular impedance sensors have attracted great attention as a powerful characterization tool for real-time, label-free detection of cytotoxic agents. However, impedance measurements with conventional cell-based sensors that host multiple cells on a single electrode neither provide optimal cell signal sensitivity nor are capable of recording individual cell responses. Here we use a single-cell based platform to monitor cellular impedance on planar microelectrodes to characterize cellular death. In this study, individual cells were selectively patterned on microelectrodes with each hosting one live cell through ligand-mediated natural cell adhesion. Changes in cellular morphology and cell-electrode adherence were monitored after the patterned cells were treated with varying concentrations of hydrogen peroxide, sodium arsenite, and disodium hydrogen arsenate, three potent toxicants related to neurotoxicity and oxidative stress. At low toxicant concentrations, impedance waveforms acquired from individual cells showed variable responses. A time- and concentration-dependent response was seen in the averaged single-cell impedance waveform for all three toxicants. The apoptosis and necrosis characterizations were performed to validate cell impedance results. Furthermore, time constants of apoptosis and necrosis in response to toxicant exposure were analytically established using an equivalent circuit model that characterized the mechanisms of cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fareid Asphahani
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-2120, USA
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75
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Koo OK, Amalaradjou MAR, Bhunia AK. Recombinant probiotic expressing Listeria adhesion protein attenuates Listeria monocytogenes virulence in vitro. PLoS One 2012; 7:e29277. [PMID: 22235279 PMCID: PMC3250429 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Listeria monocytogenes, an intracellular foodborne pathogen, infects immunocompromised hosts. The primary route of transmission is through contaminated food. In the gastrointestinal tract, it traverses the epithelial barrier through intracellular or paracellular routes. Strategies to prevent L. monocytogenes entry can potentially minimize infection in high-risk populations. Listeria adhesion protein (LAP) aids L. monocytogenes in crossing epithelial barriers via the paracellular route. The use of recombinant probiotic bacteria expressing LAP would aid targeted clearance of Listeria from the gut and protect high-risk populations from infection. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The objective was to investigate the ability of probiotic bacteria or LAP-expressing recombinant probiotic Lactobacillus paracasei (Lbp(LAP)) to prevent L. monocytogenes adhesion, invasion, and transwell-based transepithelial translocation in a Caco-2 cell culture model. Several wild type probiotic bacteria showed strong adhesion to Caco-2 cells but none effectively prevented L. monocytogenes infection. Pre-exposure to Lbp(LAP) for 1, 4, 15, or 24 h significantly (P<0.05) reduced adhesion, invasion, and transepithelial translocation of L. monocytogenes in Caco-2 cells, whereas pre-exposure to parental Lb. paracasei had no significant effect. Similarly, Lbp(LAP) pre-exposure reduced L. monocytogenes translocation by as much as 46% after 24 h. Lbp(LAP) also prevented L. monocytogenes-mediated cell damage and compromise of tight junction integrity. Furthermore, Lbp(LAP) cells reduced L. monocytogenes-mediated cell cytotoxicity by 99.8% after 1 h and 79% after 24 h. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Wild type probiotic bacteria were unable to prevent L. monocytogenes infection in vitro. In contrast, Lbp(LAP) blocked adhesion, invasion, and translocation of L. monocytogenes by interacting with host cell receptor Hsp60, thereby protecting cells from infection. These data show promise for the use of recombinant probiotics in preventing L. monocytogenes infection in high-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ok Kyung Koo
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Mary Anne Roshni Amalaradjou
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Arun K. Bhunia
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
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76
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Mialon M, Tang Y, Singh AK, Bae E, Bhunia AK. Effects of Preparation and Storage of Agar Media on the Sensitivity of Bacterial Forward Scattering Patterns. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/ojab.2012.13004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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77
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Blondeau M, Coradin T. Living materials from sol–gel chemistry: current challenges and perspectives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm33647b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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78
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Lee-Montiel FT, Reynolds KA, Riley MR. Detection and quantification of poliovirus infection using FTIR spectroscopy and cell culture. J Biol Eng 2011; 5:16. [PMID: 22142483 PMCID: PMC3260089 DOI: 10.1186/1754-1611-5-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In a globalized word, prevention of infectious diseases is a major challenge. Rapid detection of viable virus particles in water and other environmental samples is essential to public health risk assessment, homeland security and environmental protection. Current virus detection methods, especially assessing viral infectivity, are complex and time-consuming, making point-of-care detection a challenge. Faster, more sensitive, highly specific methods are needed to quantify potentially hazardous viral pathogens and to determine if suspected materials contain viable viral particles. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy combined with cellular-based sensing, may offer a precise way to detect specific viruses. This approach utilizes infrared light to monitor changes in molecular components of cells by tracking changes in absorbance patterns produced following virus infection. In this work poliovirus (PV1) was used to evaluate the utility of FTIR spectroscopy with cell culture for rapid detection of infective virus particles. Results Buffalo green monkey kidney (BGMK) cells infected with different virus titers were studied at 1 - 12 hours post-infection (h.p.i.). A partial least squares (PLS) regression method was used to analyze and model cellular responses to different infection titers and times post-infection. The model performs best at 8 h.p.i., resulting in an estimated root mean square error of cross validation (RMSECV) of 17 plaque forming units (PFU)/ml when using low titers of infection of 10 and 100 PFU/ml. Higher titers, from 103 to 106 PFU/ml, could also be reliably detected. Conclusions This approach to poliovirus detection and quantification using FTIR spectroscopy and cell culture could potentially be extended to compare biochemical cell responses to infection with different viruses. This virus detection method could feasibly be adapted to an automated scheme for use in areas such as water safety monitoring and medical diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe T Lee-Montiel
- Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA 85721.
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79
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Lee SH, Sung JH, Park TH. Nanomaterial-Based Biosensor as an Emerging Tool for Biomedical Applications. Ann Biomed Eng 2011; 40:1384-97. [DOI: 10.1007/s10439-011-0457-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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80
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Kim SB, Bae H, Cha JM, Moon SJ, Dokmeci MR, Cropek DM, Khademhosseini A. A cell-based biosensor for real-time detection of cardiotoxicity using lensfree imaging. LAB ON A CHIP 2011; 11:1801-7. [PMID: 21483937 PMCID: PMC3611966 DOI: 10.1039/c1lc20098d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A portable and cost-effective real-time cardiotoxicity biosensor was developed using a CMOS imaging module extracted from a commercially available webcam. The detection system consists of a CMOS imaging module, a white LED and a pinhole. Real-time image processing was conducted by comparing reference and live frame images. To evaluate the engineered system, the effects of two different drugs, isoprenaline and doxorubicin, on the beating rate and beat-to-beat variations of ESC-derived cardiomyocytes were measured. The detection system was used to conclude that the beat-to-beat variability increased under treatment with both isoprenaline and doxorubicin. However, the beating rates increased upon the addition of isoprenaline but decreased for cultures supplemented with doxorubicin. Moreover, the response time for both the beating rates and the beat-to-beat variability of ESC-derived cardiomyocytes under treatment of isoprenaline was shorter than for doxorubicin, although the amount of isoprenaline used in the measurement was three orders of magnitude lower than that of doxorubicin. Given its ability to perform real-time cell monitoring in a simple and inexpensive manner, the proposed system may be useful for a range of cell-based biosensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Bok Kim
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Hojae Bae
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jae Min Cha
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sang Jun Moon
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Mehmet R. Dokmeci
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Center for High Rate Nanomanufacturing, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Donald M. Cropek
- U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Construction Engineering Research Laboratory, Champaign, IL 61822, USA
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115 USA
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81
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Huang Y, Cai D, Chen P. Micro- and Nanotechnologies for Study of Cell Secretion. Anal Chem 2011; 83:4393-406. [DOI: 10.1021/ac200358b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yinxi Huang
- Division of Bioengineering, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637457
| | - Dong Cai
- Biology Department, Boston College, Boston, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Peng Chen
- Division of Bioengineering, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637457
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82
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Sun J, Chen P, Feng X, Du W, Liu BF. Development of a microfluidic cell-based biosensor integrating a millisecond chemical pulse generator. Biosens Bioelectron 2011; 26:3413-9. [PMID: 21334189 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2011.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The use of cell-based biosensors is usually limited by agonist-induced desensitization of cell-surface receptors. In this work, a microfluidic cell-based biosensor (μCBB) was developed for the detection of ATP in liquid environments. It consists of a millisecond chemical pulse generator for sample introduction in a pulsatile manner and a single NIH-3T3 cell expressing endogenous P2Y receptors as the sensing element. ATP solutions were used to simulate input signals for investigating the μCBB. By controlling negative pressures on two outlets of a cross-shaped microfluidic chip, pulses of ATP solutions were generated based on hydrodynamic gated injection. With ATP pulses of 100 ms every 50s, the amplitude of the resulting calcium spikes maintained at a similar level, suggesting that the receptor desensitization was minimized. Consequently, the developed μCBB could be used for detecting pulsatile samples with extended use times. The sensitivity of the μCBB for detecting ATP was further determined and the cellular responses to millisecond ATP pulses were investigated in comparison to long-term stimulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Sun
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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83
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Ben-Yoav H, Melamed S, Freeman A, Shacham-Diamand Y, Belkin S. Whole-cell biochips for bio-sensing: integration of live cells and inanimate surfaces. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2010; 31:337-53. [PMID: 21190513 DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2010.532767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in the convergence of the biological, chemical, physical, and engineering sciences have opened new avenues of research into the interfacing of diverse biological moieties with inanimate platforms. A main aspect of this field, the integration of live cells with micro-machined platforms for high throughput and bio-sensing applications, is the subject of the present review. These unique hybrid systems are configured in a manner that ensures positioning of the cells in designated patterns, and enables cellular viability maintenance, and monitoring of cellular functionality. Here we review both animate and inanimate surface properties and how they affect cellular attachment, describe relevant modifications of both types of surfaces, list technologies for platform engineering and for cell deposition in the desired configurations, and discuss the influence of various deposition and immobilization methods on the viability and performance of the immobilized cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadar Ben-Yoav
- Department of Physical Electronics, School of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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84
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Zhang X, Yang ST. High-throughput 3-D cell-based proliferation and cytotoxicity assays for drug screening and bioprocess development. J Biotechnol 2010; 151:186-93. [PMID: 21115074 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2010.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2010] [Revised: 09/07/2010] [Accepted: 11/17/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We have designed, built and tested a three-dimensional (3-D) cell culture system on modified microplates for high-throughput, real-time, proliferation and cytotoxicity assays. In this 3-D culture system, cells expressing the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) were cultured in nonwoven polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibrous scaffolds. Compared to 2-D cultures in conventional microplates, 3-D cultures gave more than 10-fold higher fluorescence signals with significantly increased signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), thus extending the application of conventional fluorescence microplate readers for online monitoring of culture fluorescence. The 3-D system was successfully used to demonstrate the effects of fetal bovine serum, fibronectin coating of PET fibers, and cytotoxicity of dexamethasone on recombinant murine embryonic stem D3 cells. The dosage effects of 5-fluorouracil and gemcitabine on high-density colon cancer HT-29 cells were also tested. These studies demonstrated that the 3-D culture microplate system with EGFP expressing cells can be used as a high-throughput system in drug discovery and bioprocess development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Zhang
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 140 West 19th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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85
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Michelini E, Cevenini L, Mezzanotte L, Coppa A, Roda A. Cell-based assays: fuelling drug discovery. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 398:227-38. [PMID: 20623273 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-3933-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2010] [Revised: 06/16/2010] [Accepted: 06/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
It has been estimated that over a billion dollars in resources can be consumed to obtain clinical approval, and only a few new chemical entities are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) each year. Therefore it is of utmost importance to obtain the maximum amount of information about biological activity, toxicological profile, biochemical mechanisms, and off-target interactions of drug-candidate leads in the earliest stages of drug discovery. Cell-based assays, because of their peculiar advantages of predictability, possibility of automation, multiplexing, and miniaturization, seem the most appealing tool for the high demands of the early stages of the drug-discovery process. Nevertheless, cellular screening, relying on different strategies ranging from reporter gene technology to protein fragment complementation assays, still presents a variety of challenges. This review focuses on main advantages and limitations of different cell-based approaches, and future directions and trends in this fascinating field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Michelini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Mentana, 7, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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86
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Tsutsui H, Yu E, Marquina S, Valamehr B, Wong I, Wu H, Ho CM. Efficient dielectrophoretic patterning of embryonic stem cells in energy landscapes defined by hydrogel geometries. Ann Biomed Eng 2010; 38:3777-88. [PMID: 20614250 PMCID: PMC2975918 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-010-0108-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2010] [Accepted: 06/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we have developed an integrated microfluidic platform for actively patterning mammalian cells, where poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels play two important roles as a non-fouling layer and a dielectric structure. The developed system has an embedded array of PEG microwells fabricated on a planar indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode. Due to its dielectric properties, the PEG microwells define electrical energy landscapes, effectively forming positive dielectrophoresis (DEP) traps in a low-conductivity environment. Distribution of DEP forces on a model cell was first estimated by computationally solving quasi-electrostatic Maxwell’s equations, followed by an experimental demonstration of cell and particle patterning without an external flow. Furthermore, efficient patterning of mouse embryonic stem (mES) cells was successfully achieved in combination with an external flow. With a seeding density of 107 cells/mL and a flow rate of 3 μL/min, trapping of cells in the microwells was completed in tens of seconds after initiation of the DEP operation. Captured cells subsequently formed viable and homogeneous monolayer patterns. This simple approach could provide an efficient strategy for fabricating various cell microarrays for applications such as cell-based biosensors, drug discovery, and cell microenvironment studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Tsutsui
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Edmond Yu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Sabrina Marquina
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Bahram Valamehr
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Ieong Wong
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Hong Wu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Chih-Ming Ho
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
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87
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Geckil H, Xu F, Zhang X, Moon S, Demirci U. Engineering hydrogels as extracellular matrix mimics. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2010; 5:469-84. [PMID: 20394538 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.10.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 599] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex cellular environment consisting of proteins, proteoglycans, and other soluble molecules. ECM provides structural support to mammalian cells and a regulatory milieu with a variety of important cell functions, including assembling cells into various tissues and organs, regulating growth and cell-cell communication. Developing a tailored in vitro cell culture environment that mimics the intricate and organized nanoscale meshwork of native ECM is desirable. Recent studies have shown the potential of hydrogels to mimic native ECM. Such an engineered native-like ECM is more likely to provide cells with rational cues for diagnostic and therapeutic studies. The research for novel biomaterials has led to an extension of the scope and techniques used to fabricate biomimetic hydrogel scaffolds for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. In this article, we detail the progress of the current state-of-the-art engineering methods to create cell-encapsulating hydrogel tissue constructs as well as their applications in in vitro models in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikmet Geckil
- Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, 65 Landsdowne St., #267, 02139 Cambridge, MA, USA
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88
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Biological methods for marine toxin detection. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 397:1673-81. [PMID: 20458470 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-3782-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2010] [Revised: 04/13/2010] [Accepted: 04/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The presence of marine toxins in seafood poses a health risk to human consumers which has prompted the regulation of the maximum content of marine toxins in seafood in the legislations of many countries. Most marine toxin groups are detected by animal bioassays worldwide. Although this method has well known ethical and technical drawbacks, it is the official detection method for all regulated phycotoxins except domoic acid. Much effort by the scientific and regulatory communities has been focused on the development of alternative techniques that enable the substitution or reduction of bioassays; some of these have recently been included in the official detection method list. During the last two decades several biological methods including use of biosensors have been adapted for detection of marine toxins. The main advances in marine toxin detection using this kind of technique are reviewed. Biological methods offer interesting possibilities for reduction of the number of biosassays and a very promising future of new developments.
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89
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Xu F, Moon SJ, Emre AE, Turali ES, Song YS, Hacking SA, Nagatomi J, Demirci U. A droplet-based building block approach for bladder smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation. Biofabrication 2010; 2:014105. [PMID: 20811120 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5082/2/1/014105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering based on building blocks is an emerging method to fabricate 3D tissue constructs. This method requires depositing and assembling building blocks (cell-laden microgels) at high throughput. The current technologies (e.g., molding and photolithography) to fabricate microgels have throughput challenges and provide limited control over building block properties (e.g., cell density). The cell-encapsulating droplet generation technique has potential to address these challenges. In this study, we monitored individual building blocks for viability, proliferation and cell density. The results showed that (i) SMCs can be encapsulated in collagen droplets with high viability (>94.2 +/- 3.2%) for four cases of initial number of cells per building block (i.e. 7 +/- 2, 16 +/- 2, 26 +/- 3 and 37 +/- 3 cells/building block). (ii) Encapsulated SMCs can proliferate in building blocks at rates that are consistent (1.49 +/- 0.29) across all four cases, compared to that of the controls. (iii) By assembling these building blocks, we created an SMC patch (5 mm x 5 mm x 20 microm), which was cultured for 51 days forming a 3D tissue-like construct. The histology of the cultured patch was compared to that of a native rat bladder. These results indicate the potential of creating 3D tissue models at high throughput in vitro using building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Xu
- Department of Medicine, Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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90
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Banerjee P, Franz B, Bhunia AK. Mammalian cell-based sensor system. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2010; 117:21-55. [PMID: 20091291 DOI: 10.1007/10_2009_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Use of living cells or cellular components in biosensors is receiving increased attention and opens a whole new area of functional diagnostics. The term "mammalian cell-based biosensor" is designated to biosensors utilizing mammalian cells as the biorecognition element. Cell-based assays, such as high-throughput screening (HTS) or cytotoxicity testing, have already emerged as dependable and promising approaches to measure the functionality or toxicity of a compound (in case of HTS); or to probe the presence of pathogenic or toxigenic entities in clinical, environmental, or food samples. External stimuli or changes in cellular microenvironment sometimes perturb the "normal" physiological activities of mammalian cells, thus allowing CBBs to screen, monitor, and measure the analyte-induced changes. The advantage of CBBs is that they can report the presence or absence of active components, such as live pathogens or active toxins. In some cases, mammalian cells or plasma membranes are used as electrical capacitors and cell-cell and cell-substrate contact is measured via conductivity or electrical impedance. In addition, cytopathogenicity or cytotoxicity induced by pathogens or toxins resulting in apoptosis or necrosis could be measured via optical devices using fluorescence or luminescence. This chapter focuses mainly on the type and applications of different mammalian cell-based sensor systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Banerjee
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology & Immunochemistry, Department of Food & Animal Sciences, Alabama A&M University, Normal, AL, 35762, USA
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Use of biosensors as alternatives to current regulatory methods for marine biotoxins. SENSORS 2009; 9:9414-43. [PMID: 22291571 PMCID: PMC3260648 DOI: 10.3390/s91109414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2009] [Revised: 10/27/2009] [Accepted: 10/28/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Marine toxins are currently monitored by means of a bioassay that requires the use of many mice, which poses a technical and ethical problem in many countries. With the exception of domoic acid, there is a legal requirement for the presence of other toxins (yessotoxin, saxitoxin and analogs, okadaic acid and analogs, pectenotoxins and azaspiracids) in seafood to be controlled by bioassay, but other toxins, such as palytoxin, cyclic imines, ciguatera and tetrodotoxin are potentially present in European food and there are no legal requirements or technical approaches available to identify their presence. The need for alternative methods to the bioassay is clearly important, and biosensors have become in recent years a feasible alternative to animal sacrifice. This review will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using biosensors as alternatives to animal assays for marine toxins, with particular focus on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology.
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Wang Y, Chen Q, Zeng X. Potentiometric biosensor for studying hydroquinone cytotoxicity in vitro. Biosens Bioelectron 2009; 25:1356-62. [PMID: 19926470 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2009.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2009] [Revised: 10/19/2009] [Accepted: 10/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Many processes in living cells have electrochemical characteristics that are suitable for measurement by potentiometric biosensors. Potentiometric biosensors allow non-invasive, real time monitoring of the extracellular environment changes by measuring the potential at cell/sensor interface. This can be used as an indicator for overall cell cytotoxicity. The present work employs a potentiometric sensor array to investigate the cytotoxicity of hydroquinone to cultured mammalian V79 cells. Various electrode substrates (Au, PPy-HQ and PPy-PS) used for cell growth were designed and characterized. The controllable release of hydroquinone from PPy substrates was studied. Our results showed that hydroquinone exposure affected cell proliferation and delayed cell growth and attachment in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, we have shown that exposure of V79 cells to hydroquinone at low doses (i.e. 5 microM) for more than 15 h allows V79 cells to gain enhanced adaptability to survive exposure to high toxic HQ doses afterwards. Compared with traditional methods, the potentiometric biosensor not only provides non-invasive and real time monitoring of the cellular reactions but also is more sensitive for in vitro cytotoxicity study. By real time and non-invasive monitoring of the extracellular potential in vitro, the potentiometric sensor system represents a promising biosensor system for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Wang
- Chemistry Department, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
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