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Vanni S, Gori L, Coppa A, Nazerian P, Giannasi G, Ruggiano G, De Curtis E, Baldini A, Pepe G, Magazzini S. Prevalence of pulmonary embolism among patients presenting to emergency department for hemoptysis. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.1900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Although hemoptysis is a well known symptom of presentation of pulmonary embolism (PE), and it is included in different diagnostic scores for PE, the prevalence of PE in patients with hemoptysis and the yield of evidence based PE diagnostic pathway in these patients has not been specifically investigated.
Objectives
To determine the prevalence of PE and the yield (n° of positive tests/n° of tests), the efficiency (the proportion of patients in whom PE could be considered to be excluded) and the failure rate (the false negative rate) of the classic diagnostic algorithm for PE in patients with hemoptysis.
Methods
Unselected patients presenting with hemoptysis to 7 italian EDs were prospectively enrolled in a diagnostic multicenter study. Pre-test clinical probability for PE was assessed using the 2-level Wells score and the results of D-dimer testing using age-adjusted cutoffs. Presence of PE was evaluated by CT pulmonary angiogram (CTPA), when ordered as part of the clinical assessment by the treating ED physician, or by one month follow-up data.
Results
Out of 327 adult patients presenting to ED with hemoptysis, 15 (4.6%) were excluded because of diagnostic protocol violation and absence of one month follow-up. Among 312 included patients, PE was detected at presentation in 15 patients (4.8%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.72–7.81%). During follow-up, 5 patients died (1.6%; 95% CI: 0.52%-3.7%) not due to PE. Among 165 patients with a “likely” score or a high D-dimer, 13 (7.9%; 95% CI: 4.72–13.8%) had PE. The efficiency was 32.8% and the failure rate was 1.7% in patients tested by D-dimer.
Conclusions
PE seems an uncommon cause of hemoptysis among patients presenting to the ED and the yield of classic diagnostic algorithm is low. PE-screening in patients with hemoptysis deserves further investigation aimed at improving the diagnostic yield.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Vanni
- San Giuseppe Hospital , Empoli , Italy
| | - L Gori
- San Giuseppe Hospital , Empoli , Italy
| | - A Coppa
- San Giuseppe Hospital , Empoli , Italy
| | - P Nazerian
- Careggi University Hospital , Florence , Italy
| | - G Giannasi
- AUSL Toscana Centre, Emergency Department , Florence , Italy
| | - G Ruggiano
- AUSL Toscana Centre, Emergency Department , Florence , Italy
| | - E De Curtis
- St. Stephen Hospital, Emergency Department , Prato , Italy
| | - A Baldini
- St. Stephen Hospital, Emergency Department , Prato , Italy
| | - G Pepe
- USL Toscana Northwest, Emergency Department , Viareggio , Italy
| | - S Magazzini
- AUSL Toscana Centre, Emergency Department , Florence , Italy
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2
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Coppa A, Guha S, Fourcade S, Parameswaran J, Ruiz M, Moser AB, Schlüter A, Murphy MP, Lizcano JM, Miranda-Vizuete A, Dalfó E, Pujol A. The peroxisomal fatty acid transporter ABCD1/PMP-4 is required in the C. elegans hypodermis for axonal maintenance: A worm model for adrenoleukodystrophy. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 152:797-809. [PMID: 32017990 PMCID: PMC7611262 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.01.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adrenoleukodystrophy is a neurometabolic disorder caused by a defective peroxisomal ABCD1 transporter of very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs). Its pathogenesis is incompletely understood. Here we characterize a nematode model of X-ALD with loss of the pmp-4 gene, the worm orthologue of ABCD1. These mutants recapitulate the hallmarks of X-ALD: i) VLCFAs accumulation and impaired mitochondrial redox homeostasis and ii) axonal damage coupled to locomotor dysfunction. Furthermore, we identify a novel role for PMP-4 in modulating lipid droplet dynamics. Importantly, we show that the mitochondria targeted antioxidant MitoQ normalizes lipid droplets size, and prevents axonal degeneration and locomotor disability, highlighting its therapeutic potential. Moreover, PMP-4 acting solely in the hypodermis rescues axonal and locomotion abnormalities, suggesting a myelin-like role for the hypodermis in providing essential peroxisomal functions for the nematode nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Coppa
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Sanjib Guha
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Stéphane Fourcade
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; CIBERER U759, Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases, Spain
| | - Janani Parameswaran
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; CIBERER U759, Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases, Spain
| | - Montserrat Ruiz
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; CIBERER U759, Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases, Spain
| | - Ann B Moser
- Peroxisomal Diseases Laboratory, Kennedy Krieger Institute, 707 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Agatha Schlüter
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; CIBERER U759, Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases, Spain
| | | | - Jose Miguel Lizcano
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Institut de Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Antonio Miranda-Vizuete
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío /CSIC/ Universidad de Sevilla, E-41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Esther Dalfó
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Institut de Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain; Faculty of Medicine, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), 08500, Vic, Spain.
| | - Aurora Pujol
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; CIBERER U759, Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases, Spain; ICREA (Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats), Barcelona, Spain.
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3
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Becattini C, Cimini LA, Lankeit M, Pruszczyk P, Vanni S, Nazerian P, Kozlowska M, Casula C, Vinci A, Ottaviani M, Coppa A, Vedovati MC, Agnelli G. P5588Early versus delayed oral anticoagulation in patients with acute pulmonary embolism: determinants and outcome. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz746.0532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Whether early oral anticoagulant treatment is appropriate for patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE) regardless of PE severity is undefined. The aim of this study in patients with acute PE at intermediate risk of death were: I) to assess the determinants for the use of early vs delayed vs no oral anticoagulants in patients with acute PE and II) to assess the association between timing of oral anticoagulation and in-hospital mortality.
Methods
Prospective cohorts of patients with acute PE at intermediate risk of death according to the European Society of Cardiology Guidelines 2014 were merged in a collaborative database. The initiation of oral anticoagulation was classified as early (≤3 days) or delayed (between day 3 and 10 from diagnosis). Patients treated with parenteral anticoagulants for longer than 10 days were also included. In-hospital death was the primary study outcome.
Results
Overall, 557 patients were included in the study, 23 received thrombolytic treatment during the hospital stay. The mean duration of parenteral anticoagulation was 7±8 days (5 median), 348 patients were initiated on a direct oral anticoagulant and 79 on a vitamin K antagonist during the hospital stay. Initiation of oral anticoagulants occurred early or delayed in 209 (37%) and 218 (39%) patients, respectively and never occurred during the first 30 days in 130 (23%).
Intermediate-low risk patients more commonly received early and intermediate high delayed oral anticoagulation. Simplified PESI score of zero (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.3–2.7) was independently associated with early oral anticoagulation; among sPESI components absence of cancer (OR 5.9, 95% CI 3.3–10) and heart rate <110 (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.01–3.16) were independent predictors of early initiation of oral anticoagulants. The presence of both right ventricle dysfunction and injury was associated with delayed initiation of oral anticoagulants.
The incidence of death was 5.5%. Death occurred in 32 patients and was not related to the duration of parenteral anticoagulation (OR 1.01 per day, 95% CI 0.98–1.06) nor to right ventricle dysfunction but to sPESI 1 (OR 3.32, 95% CI 1.14–9.66). These results were partially confirmed in the 435 intermediate risk patients without cancer (OR 1.03, 95% CI 0.99–1.08 for days of parenteral treatment; OR 4.17, 95% CI 0.95–18 for sPESI 1).
Conclusion
The clinical severity of PE and not the timing of initiation of oral anticoagulants are associated with in-hospital death in patients with intermediate risk PE. Randomized studies are needed to definitively assess the role of heparin lead-in in patients with PE at intermediate risk for death.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Becattini
- University of Perugia, Internal Vascular and Emergency Medicine and Stroke Unit, Perugia, Italy
| | - L A Cimini
- University of Perugia, Internal Vascular and Emergency Medicine and Stroke Unit, Perugia, Italy
| | - M Lankeit
- Charite - Campus Virchow-Klinikum (CVK), Dept of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - P Pruszczyk
- Medical University of Warsaw, Department of Internal Medicine & Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - S Vanni
- Ospedale San Giuseppe, Emergency Medicine, Empoli, Italy
| | - P Nazerian
- Careggi University Hospital (AOUC), Emergency Department, Florence, Italy
| | - M Kozlowska
- Medical University of Warsaw, Department of Internal Medicine & Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - C Casula
- Ospedale San Giuseppe, Emergency Medicine, Empoli, Italy
| | - A Vinci
- University of Perugia, Internal Vascular and Emergency Medicine and Stroke Unit, Perugia, Italy
| | - M Ottaviani
- Careggi University Hospital (AOUC), Emergency Department, Florence, Italy
| | - A Coppa
- Ospedale San Giuseppe, Emergency Medicine, Empoli, Italy
| | - M C Vedovati
- University of Perugia, Internal Vascular and Emergency Medicine and Stroke Unit, Perugia, Italy
| | - G Agnelli
- University of Perugia, Internal Vascular and Emergency Medicine and Stroke Unit, Perugia, Italy
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5
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Belardinilli F, Capalbo C, Pisapia P, Malapelle U, Raimondo D, Magri V, Coppa A, Mezi S, Troncone G, Giannini G. PO-320 Gene panel mutation screening for a better molecular stratification of colorectal cancer patients. ESMO Open 2018. [DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2018-eacr25.350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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6
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Coppa A, Valentini V, Nicolussi A, Capalbo C, Belardinilli F, Colicchia V, Petroni M, D’Inzeo S, Ottini L, Giannini G. PO-076 Molecular analysis of BRCA-negative breast and/or ovarian cancer families by multigene panel testing. ESMO Open 2018. [DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2018-eacr25.605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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7
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Macchia V, Mariano A, Cavalcanti M, Coppa A, Cecere C, Fraioli G, Elia S, Ferrante G. Tumor Markers and Lung Cancer: Correlation between Serum and Bronchial Secretion Levels of Cea, Tpa, Canag Ca-50, Nse and Ferritin. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 2:151-6. [PMID: 2836526 DOI: 10.1177/172460088700200303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The levels of carcinoembryonic antigeny (CEA), tissue polypeptide antigeny (TPA), CanAg 50, neuron specific enolase (NSE) and ferritin were determined in bronchial secretion and serum of patients with neoplastic and non-neoplastic lung diseases. Simultaneous determination of two or three markers in the serum and in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) may be clinically useful for the diagnosis of lung cancer and even for the type of tumor. The positivity of CEA determined simultaneously in serum and in BAL of patients with lung cancer is higher than 80% whereas in patients with benign lung disease it is lower than 40%. The simultaneous assay of TP A in serum and in BAL showed 100% positivity in patients with oat-cell carcinoma, the frequencies of positivity were similar in patients with non-oat-cell carcinoma. For NSE and CanAg CA-50 patients with oat-cell carinoma showed 100% positivity. Simultaneous assay of ferritin in serum and in BAL gave 85% positivity in patients with oat-cell carcinoma and only 23% in patients with non-oat-cell carcinoma. We conclude that the simultaneous determination of CEA and CanAg CA-50 or NSE in serum and in BAL is a useful aid in the diagnosis of lung malignancy.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/blood
- Adenocarcinoma/metabolism
- Antigens, Neoplasm/analysis
- Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate
- Biomarkers, Tumor/blood
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid/analysis
- Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid/enzymology
- Carcinoembryonic Antigen/analysis
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/blood
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Small Cell/blood
- Carcinoma, Small Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/blood
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Ferritins/blood
- Ferritins/metabolism
- Humans
- Lung Neoplasms/blood
- Lung Neoplasms/enzymology
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Peptides/analysis
- Phosphopyruvate Hydratase/blood
- Phosphopyruvate Hydratase/metabolism
- Tissue Polypeptide Antigen
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Affiliation(s)
- V Macchia
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Pathology, II Faculty of Medicine, University of Naples
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8
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Colicchia V, Petroni M, Guarguaglini G, Sardina F, Sahún-Roncero M, Carbonari M, Ricci B, Heil C, Capalbo C, Belardinilli F, Coppa A, Peruzzi G, Screpanti I, Lavia P, Gulino A, Giannini G. PARP inhibitors enhance replication stress and cause mitotic catastrophe in MYCN-dependent neuroblastoma. Oncogene 2017; 36:4682-4691. [PMID: 28394338 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
High-risk and MYCN-amplified neuroblastomas are among the most aggressive pediatric tumors. Despite intense multimodality therapies, about 50% of these patients succumb to their disease, making the search for effective therapies an absolute priority. Due to the important functions of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases, PARP inhibitors have entered the clinical settings for cancer treatment and are being exploited in a variety of preclinical studies and clinical trials. PARP inhibitors based combination schemes have also been tested in neuroblastoma preclinical models with encouraging results. However, the expression of PARP enzymes in human neuroblastoma and the biological consequences of their inhibition remained largely unexplored. Here, we show that high PARP1 and PARP2 expression is significantly associated with high-risk neuroblastoma cases and poor survival, highlighting its previously unrecognized prognostic value for human neuroblastoma. In vitro, PARP1 and 2 are abundant in MYCN amplified and MYCN-overexpressing cells. In this context, PARP inhibitors with high 'PARP trapping' potency, such as olaparib or talazoparib, yield DNA damage and cell death preceded by intense signs of replication stress. Notwithstanding the activation of a CHK1-CDC25A replication stress response, PARP-inhibited MYCN amplified and overexpressing cells fail to sustain a prolonged checkpoint and progress through mitosis in the presence of damaged DNA, eventually undergoing mitotic catastrophe. CHK1-targeted inhibition of the replication stress checkpoint exacerbated this phenotype. These data highlight a novel route for cell death induction by PARP inhibitors and support their introduction, together with CHK1 inhibitors, in therapeutic approaches for neuroblastomas with high MYC(N) activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Colicchia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - M Petroni
- Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
| | - G Guarguaglini
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, CNR National Research Council, c/o University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - F Sardina
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - M Sahún-Roncero
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - M Carbonari
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - B Ricci
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - C Heil
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - C Capalbo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - F Belardinilli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - A Coppa
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - G Peruzzi
- Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
| | - I Screpanti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - P Lavia
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, CNR National Research Council, c/o University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - A Gulino
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - G Giannini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.,Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Molecular Medicine, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
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Zemour A, Binder D, Coppa A, Duday H. La sépulture au début du Néolithique (VIe millénaire et première moitié du Ve millénaire cal BC) en France méridionale et en Italie : de l'idée d'une « simple » fosse à une typologie architecturale. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13219-016-0165-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Les pratiques funéraires au début du Néolithique en Méditerranée nord-occidentale ont longtemps été considérées comme une question réglée. Elles seraient caractérisées par une grande homogénéité et une norme funéraire : le défunt serait systématiquement inhumé en dépôt primaire individuel, dans une « simple » fosse, en position fléchie sur le côté, sans ou avec peu de mobilier d'accompagnement. Une analyse archéothanatologique mise en œuvre sur la quasi-totalité des collections ostéologiques et de la documentation de terrain disponibles en France méridionale et en Italie a révélé au contraire une multiplicité de gestes funéraires. Le choix a été ici de se focaliser sur les sépultures ayant accueilli un dépôt primaire individuel, car elles sont considérées classiquement comme étant la norme, en abordant plus spécifiquement la question de leur aménagement. L'objectif est de présenter les résultats d'une série d'analyses taphonomiques, dont la majorité des sépultures n'avaient jamais bénéficié, qui transforment et complexifient l'image que l'on se faisait de la sépulture, dont l'aménagement ne se réduit finalement pas à une « simple » fosse. La restitution de 48 dispositifs individuels a en effet démontré qu'il existait cinq types de sépulture. Cette typologie architecturale inédite donne accès à un système funéraire définitivement plus riche et plus complexe qu'on ne le pensait et offre potentiellement un moyen supplémentaire pour décrypter le polymorphisme du courant à céramique imprimée.
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Zanobetti M, Coppa A, Nazerian P, Grifoni S, Scorpiniti M, Innocenti F, Conti A, Bigiarini S, Gualtieri S, Casula C, Ticali PF, Pini R. Chest Abdominal-Focused Assessment Sonography for Trauma during the primary survey in the Emergency Department: the CA-FAST protocol. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2015; 44:805-810. [PMID: 26683569 DOI: 10.1007/s00068-015-0620-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the feasibility of a new protocol, Chest Abdominal-Focused Assessment Sonography for Trauma (CA-FAST), during the primary survey and to estimate its diagnostic accuracy when compared with thoracoabdominal computed tomography (CT) scan. METHODS A prospective accuracy study was performed from November 2012 to November 2013 at the Emergency Department. Only adult trauma patients who underwent a CA-FAST examination prior to a thoracoabdominal CT scan were enrolled. In addition to standard patterns detected by Extended-FAST (E-FAST) such as pneumothorax (PTX), hemothorax (HTX), pericardial and intraabdominal effusion, CA-FAST protocol also included the research of lung contusions (LCs). RESULTS Six hundred and one patients were enrolled. The mean time for protocol execution was 7 ± 3 min. Chest ultrasonography showed the following results (all p < 0.001): LCs sensitivity 59 %, specificity 98 %, positive predictive value (PPV) 92 %, negative predictive value (NPV) 86 %, accuracy 87 %; PTX sensitivity 84 %, specificity 98 %, PPV 93 %, NPV 95 %, accuracy 95 %; HTX sensitivity 82 %, specificity 97 %, PPV 87 %, NPV 95 %, accuracy 94 %. The standard 4-views FAST examination showed a diagnostic accuracy of 91 % with a sensitivity of 75 %, specificity of 96 %, PPV of 81 % and NPV of 94 %. CONCLUSION According to our results CA-FAST protocol proved to be a rapid bedside method, with good accuracy and high NPV in detection of ultrasonographic patterns suggestive of serious injury in trauma patients; moreover, the additional research of LCs did not cause a delay in the diagnosis. Ultrasonography should be used as initial investigation during the primary survey, sending to further diagnostic studies (CT scan) only those patients not clearly classified.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zanobetti
- Emergency Department, Careggi University Hospital, Largo Brambilla, 3, 50134, Florence, Italy.
| | - A Coppa
- Emergency Department, Careggi University Hospital, Largo Brambilla, 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - P Nazerian
- Emergency Department, Careggi University Hospital, Largo Brambilla, 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - S Grifoni
- Emergency Department, Careggi University Hospital, Largo Brambilla, 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - M Scorpiniti
- Emergency Department, Careggi University Hospital, Largo Brambilla, 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - F Innocenti
- Emergency Department, Careggi University Hospital, Largo Brambilla, 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - A Conti
- Emergency Department, Careggi University Hospital, Largo Brambilla, 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - S Bigiarini
- Emergency Department, Careggi University Hospital, Largo Brambilla, 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - S Gualtieri
- Emergency Department, Careggi University Hospital, Largo Brambilla, 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - C Casula
- Emergency Department, Careggi University Hospital, Largo Brambilla, 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - P F Ticali
- Emergency Department, Careggi University Hospital, Largo Brambilla, 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - R Pini
- Emergency Department, Careggi University Hospital, Largo Brambilla, 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
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11
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Cabello J, Sämann J, Gómez-Orte E, Erazo T, Coppa A, Pujol A, Büssing I, Schulze B, Lizcano JM, Ferrer I, Baumeister R, Dalfo E. PDR-1/hParkin negatively regulates the phagocytosis of apoptotic cell corpses in Caenorhabditis elegans. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1120. [PMID: 24625979 PMCID: PMC3973248 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Apoptotic cell death is an integral part of cell turnover in many tissues, and proper corpse clearance is vital to maintaining tissue homeostasis in all multicellular organisms. Even in tissues with high cellular turnover, apoptotic cells are rarely seen because of efficient clearance mechanisms in healthy individuals. In Caenorhabditis elegans, two parallel and partly redundant conserved pathways act in cell corpse engulfment. The pathway for cytoskeletal rearrangement requires the small GTPase CED-10 Rac1 acting for an efficient surround of the dead cell. The CED-10 Rac pathway is also required for the proper migration of the distal tip cells (DTCs) during the development of the C. elegans gonad. Parkin, the mammalian homolog of the C. elegans PDR-1, interacts with Rac1 in aged human brain and it is also implicated with actin dynamics and cytoskeletal rearrangements in Parkinsons's disease, suggesting that it might act on engulfment. Our genetic and biochemical studies indicate that PDR-1 inhibits apoptotic cell engulfment and DTC migration by ubiquitylating CED-10 for degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cabello
- CIBIR (Centre for Biomedical Research of La Rioja), C/Piqueras 98, Logroño 26006, Spain
| | - J Sämann
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Genetics (Faculty of Biology), Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Research (Faculty of Medicine), Schänzlestrasse 1, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - E Gómez-Orte
- CIBIR (Centre for Biomedical Research of La Rioja), C/Piqueras 98, Logroño 26006, Spain
| | - T Erazo
- Institut de Neurociències, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallés, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - A Coppa
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Institut D'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08907, Spain
| | - A Pujol
- 1] Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Institut D'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08907, Spain [2] ICREA (Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis avançats), Barcelona, Spain [3] Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospitall Bellvitge - University of Barcelona - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Ciberned, Spain [4] CIBERER (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Enfermedades Raras), C/ Álvaro de Bazán, 10 Bajo, Valencia 46010, Spain
| | - I Büssing
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Genetics (Faculty of Biology), Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Research (Faculty of Medicine), Schänzlestrasse 1, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - B Schulze
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Genetics (Faculty of Biology), Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Research (Faculty of Medicine), Schänzlestrasse 1, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - J M Lizcano
- Institut de Neurociències, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallés, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - I Ferrer
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospitall Bellvitge - University of Barcelona - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Ciberned, Spain
| | - R Baumeister
- 1] Bioinformatics and Molecular Genetics (Faculty of Biology), Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Research (Faculty of Medicine), Schänzlestrasse 1, Freiburg 79104, Germany [2] Centre for Biological Signaling Studies (bioss), University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany [3] FRIAS Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, Section Life Sciences (LIFENET), University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestrasse 1, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - E Dalfo
- 1] Bioinformatics and Molecular Genetics (Faculty of Biology), Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Research (Faculty of Medicine), Schänzlestrasse 1, Freiburg 79104, Germany [2] Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Institut D'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08907, Spain [3] Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospitall Bellvitge - University of Barcelona - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Ciberned, Spain [4] CIBERER (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Enfermedades Raras), C/ Álvaro de Bazán, 10 Bajo, Valencia 46010, Spain
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12
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Tomassetti M, Marini F, Campanella L, Coppa A. Study of modern or ancient collagen and human fossil bones from an archaeological site of middle Nile by thermal analysis and chemometrics. Microchem J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2012.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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13
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Rook L, Ghinassi M, Carnevale G, Delfino M, Pavia M, Bondioli L, Candilio F, Coppa A, Martínez-Navarro B, Medin T, Papini M, Zanolli C, Libsekal Y. Stratigraphic context and paleoenvironmental significance of minor taxa (Pisces, Reptilia, Aves, Rodentia) from the late Early Pleistocene paleoanthropological site of Buia (Eritrea). J Hum Evol 2013; 64:83-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2012.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Revised: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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14
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Picarelli A, Sabbatella L, Di Tola M, Silano M, Nicolussi A, D'Inzeo S, Coppa A. Nuclear fluorescence serum reactivity on monkey oesophagus: a new antibody for the follow-up of coeliac disease? Clin Exp Immunol 2011; 161:417-25. [PMID: 20529089 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2010.04184.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We have identified previously a nuclear fluorescence reactivity (NFR) pattern on monkey oesophagus sections exposed to coeliac disease (CD) patients' sera positive for anti-endomysium antibodies (EMA). The aim of the present work was to characterize the NFR, study the time-course of NFR-positive results in relation to gluten withdrawal and evaluate the potential role of NFR in the follow-up of CD. Twenty untreated, 87 treated CD patients and 15 healthy controls were recruited and followed for 12 months. Their sera were incubated on monkey oesophagus sections to evaluate the presence of NFR by indirect immunofluorescence analysis. Duodenal mucosa samples from treated CD patients were challenged with gliadin peptides, and thus the occurrence of NFR in culture supernatants was assessed. The NFR immunoglobulins (Igs) reactivity with the nuclear extract of a human intestinal cell line was investigated. Serum NFR was present in all untreated CD patients, persisted up to 151 ± 37 days from gluten withdrawal and reappeared in treated CD patients under dietary transgressions. Serum NFR was also detected in two healthy controls. In culture supernatants of coeliac intestinal mucosa challenged with gliadin peptides, NFR appeared before EMA. The Igs responsible for NFR were identified as belonging to the IgA2 subclass. The NFR resulted differently from EMA and anti-nuclear antibodies, but reacted with two nuclear antigens of 65 and 49 kDa. A new autoantibody, named NFR related to CD, was described. Furthermore, NFR detection might become a valuable tool in monitoring adherence to a gluten-free diet and identifying slight dietary transgressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Picarelli
- Center for Research and Study of Celiac Disease, Department of Clinical Sciences, Department of Experimental Medicine and Pathology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
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15
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Michelini E, Cevenini L, Mezzanotte L, Coppa A, Mirasoli M, Roda A. Bioluminescent genetically engineered cells for biosensing applications. J Biotechnol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2010.08.505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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16
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Sparacello VS, Pearson OM, Coppa A, Marchi D. Changes in skeletal robusticity in an iron age agropastoral group: the Samnites from the Alfedena necropolis (Abruzzo, Central Italy). Am J Phys Anthropol 2010; 144:119-30. [PMID: 20718040 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.21377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2009] [Accepted: 06/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cross-sectional geometrical (CSG) properties of an Iron Age Samnite group from the Alfedena necropolis (Abruzzo, Italy, 2600-2400 B.P.) are compared with a Ligurian Neolithic sample (6000-5500 B.P.). In the period under examination, Samnites were organized in a tribal confederation led by patrilinear aristocracies, indicating incipient social stratification. In comparison, Neolithic society lacked clear signs of social hierarchy. The subsistence of both groups was mainly based on pastoralism and agriculture, but changes in habitual behavior are expected due to the socio-economic transformations that characterized the Iron Age. The Samnites' warlike ideology suggests that unimanual weapon-use and training would have become frequent for males. The intensification of agriculture and the adoption of transhumant pastoralism, performed by a smaller subset of the population, likely led to a lower average level of logistic mobility. The strongly genderized ideology of the period suggests a strict sexual division of labor, with women primarily performing sedentary tasks. CSG properties based on periosteal contours were calculated for humeri, femora, and tibiae (N = 61). Results corroborated the expectations: Alfedena males show substantial humeral bilateral asymmetry, indicating prevalent use of one arm, likely due to weapon training. In both sexes lower limb results indicate reduced mobility with respect to the Neolithic group. Sexual dimorphism is significant in both humeral asymmetry and lower limb indicators of mobility. Although both groups could be broadly defined as agropastoral based on archeological and historical evidence, CSG analysis confirmed important differences in habitual behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- V S Sparacello
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA.
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17
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Michelini E, Cevenini L, Mezzanotte L, Coppa A, Roda A. Cell-based assays: fuelling drug discovery. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 398:227-38. [PMID: 20623273 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-3933-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2010] [Revised: 06/16/2010] [Accepted: 06/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
It has been estimated that over a billion dollars in resources can be consumed to obtain clinical approval, and only a few new chemical entities are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) each year. Therefore it is of utmost importance to obtain the maximum amount of information about biological activity, toxicological profile, biochemical mechanisms, and off-target interactions of drug-candidate leads in the earliest stages of drug discovery. Cell-based assays, because of their peculiar advantages of predictability, possibility of automation, multiplexing, and miniaturization, seem the most appealing tool for the high demands of the early stages of the drug-discovery process. Nevertheless, cellular screening, relying on different strategies ranging from reporter gene technology to protein fragment complementation assays, still presents a variety of challenges. This review focuses on main advantages and limitations of different cell-based approaches, and future directions and trends in this fascinating field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Michelini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Mentana, 7, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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18
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Coppa A, Cucina A, Lucci M, Mancinelli D, Vargiu R. Origins and spread of agriculture in Italy: a nonmetric dental analysis. Am J Phys Anthropol 2007; 133:918-30. [PMID: 17455286 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.20620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Dental morphological traits were employed in this study as direct indicators of biological affinities among the populations that inhabited the Italian peninsula from the Upper Paleolithic-Mesolithic to Medieval times. Our analysis aims at contributing to the ongoing debate regarding the origin and spread of agriculture in the peninsula by contrasting the dental evidence of archaeological and modern molecular samples. It is not possible to generalize given the complex and dynamic nature of these populations. However, the results from the principal component analysis, maximum likelihood, mean measure of divergence, and multidimensional scaling do indicate a net separation of the Paleo-Mesolithic sample from the other groups that is not related to dental reduction. This suggests that the shift in dental morphology was the product of Neolithic populations migrating into the peninsula from other areas. Nonetheless, the Paleo-Mesolithic populations share several discriminative traits with the Neolithic group. The biological relevance of such evidence suggests that, to some minor extent, the spread of agriculture did not occur by total population replacement. Because of regional small sample sizes, this hypothesis cannot be tested on a micro-regional scale. It is, however, feasible to depict a scenario where processes of genetic mixture or replacement probably took place at different rates on a macro-regional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Coppa
- Department of Human and Animal Biology, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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Paine RR, Vargiu R, Coppa A, Morselli C, Schneider EE. A health assessment of high status Christian burials recovered from the Roman-Byzantine archeological site of Elaiussa Sebaste, Turkey. Homo 2007; 58:173-90. [PMID: 17433326 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchb.2006.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2005] [Accepted: 06/03/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to assess the state of health of 116 individuals whose remains were excavated from Byzantine period burials underneath the floor of an important Christian basilica from the site of Elaiussa Sebaste, Turkey. Elaiussa Sebaste was a Mediterranean coastal community, which began as a Roman town and continued as an early Christian Byzantine community until the end of the 7th century AD. The burials date from the middle of the 6th through the middle of the 7th centuries AD. We attempt to determine how high social status has influenced the type and frequency of skeletal lesions exhibited in this sample. All strata of this population show a number of chronic and acute health problems as indicated by skeletal lesions. Yet, only the frequency of degenerative joint disease (DJD) differs by sex, with males exhibiting a higher rate of DJD than females, p=0.09. There is no difference in the frequency of trauma among adult males and females. Non-specific skeletal lesions (cribra orbitalia, porotic hyperostosis, and periostitis) often associated with dietary and general stressors, but also with specific systemic diseases, are common in both sexes. The sub-adults primarily exhibit periostitis of the long bones and do not show skeletal lesions specific to malaria. It seems that high social ranking did not prevent serious ailments from affecting the health of individuals living in the Elaiussa Sebaste community.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Paine
- Department of Sociology, Anthropology and Social Work, MS 1012, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
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20
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De Gregorio G, Coppa A, Cosentino C, Ucci S, Messina S, Nicolussi A, D'Inzeo S, Di Pardo A, Avvedimento EV, Porcellini A. The p85 regulatory subunit of PI3K mediates TSH-cAMP-PKA growth and survival signals. Oncogene 2006; 26:2039-47. [PMID: 17043656 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1210011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) is necessary for thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)-induced cell cycle progression. To determine the molecular mechanism linking PI3K to TSH, we have identified a serine residue in p85alpha(PI3K) phosphorylated by protein kinase A (PKA) in vitro and in vivo. Expression of an alanine mutant (p85A) abolished cyclic AMP/TSH-induced cell cycle progression and was lethal in thyroid cells (FRTL-5). The aspartic version of the p85alpha(PI3K) (p85D) inhibited apoptosis following TSH withdrawal. The p85alpha(PI3K) wild type not the p85A bound PKA regulatory subunit RIIbeta in cells stimulated with cAMP or TSH. The binding of the aspartic version of p85alpha(PI3K) to RIIbeta was independent of cAMP or TSH stimulation. Similarly, binding of PI3K to p21Ras and activation of AKT, a downstream PI3K target, were severely impaired in cells expressing the p85A mutant. Finally, we found that the catalytic activity of PI3K was stimulated by TSH in cells expressing the wild-type p85alpha(PI3K) but not in cells expressing p85A. This latter mutant did not affect the epidermal growth factor-stimulated PI3K activity. We suggest that (1) TSH-cAMP-induced PKA phosphorylates p85alpha(PI3K) at serine 83, (2) phosphorylated p85alpha(PI3K) binds RIIbeta-PKA and targets PKAII to the membrane, and (3) PI3K activity and p21Ras binding to PI3K increase and activate PI3K downstream targets. This pathway is essential for the transmission of TSH-cAMP growth signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- G De Gregorio
- Dipartimento di Patologia Molecolare IRCCS Neuromed, Località Camerelle, Pozzilli, Italy
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Coppa A, Bondioli L, Cucina A, Frayer DW, Jarrige C, Jarrige JF, Quivron G, Rossi M, Vidale M, Macchiarelli R. Palaeontology: early Neolithic tradition of dentistry. Nature 2006; 440:755-6. [PMID: 16598247 DOI: 10.1038/440755a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2005] [Accepted: 03/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Prehistoric evidence for the drilling of human teeth in vivo has so far been limited to isolated cases from less than six millennia ago. Here we describe eleven drilled molar crowns from nine adults discovered in a Neolithic graveyard in Pakistan that dates from 7,500-9,000 years ago. These findings provide evidence for a long tradition of a type of proto-dentistry in an early farming culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Coppa
- Dipartimento BAU, Università La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy
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22
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Paine RR, Mancinelli D, Ruggieri M, Coppa A. Cranial trauma in iron age Samnite agriculturists, Alfedena, Italy: Implications for biocultural and economic stress. Am J Phys Anthropol 2006; 132:48-58. [PMID: 16883566 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.20461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The Samnites are an Iron Age protohistoric people from the central region of Italy. The skeletal remains are from the Alfedena necropolis, 6th through 5th centuries B.C. Macchiarelli et al. (Antropologia Contemporanea 4 (1981) 239-243) were the first to report on cranial trauma for this population, presenting four cases with extreme injuries. We re-examined this well documented skeletal population for additional examples of trauma. Previously unexamined remains from Alfedena, excavated at the turn of the 20th century, are also included in our analysis (Mariani. 1901. "Aufidena", ricerche archeologiche e storiche del Sannio settentrionale. Roma: Acc Naz Dei Lincei). Of the 209 adult crania examined, 12.9% of them exhibited trauma. Analysis of location and frequency of cranial trauma revealed that cranial injuries to the head appear to originate from all directions. The high rate of cranial trauma underscores the violent circumstances experienced during the Iron Age protohistoric period of central Italy. Males are much more likely to exhibit cranial injury than females (P = 0.009). We conclude that the injuries received by Samnite male farmer-warriors occurred while defending pastoral-agricultural resources. Trauma rates are similar for some Iron Age populations and not for others. Behavior associated with violence during the Iron Age period can not be generalized for all populations found in Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Paine
- Department of Sociology, Anthropology and Social Work, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
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23
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Rothschild BM, Coppa A, Petrone PP. "Like a virgin": Absence of rheumatoid arthritis and treponematosis, good sanitation and only rare gout in Italy prior to the 15th century. Reumatismo 2004; 56:61-6. [PMID: 15105912 DOI: 10.4081/reumatismo.2004.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to test several hypotheses: 1. That rheumatoid arthritis and syphilis were New World diseases, only transmitted to the Old World subsequent to the passages of Christopher Columbus; 2. To indirectly test the hypothesis that lead poisoning was prevalent in Roman Italy by looking for its byproduct, gout; 3. To test the hypothesis of compromised sanitation in ancient Italy, on the basis of spondyloarthropathy frequency; and 4. To assess variation of trauma frequencies in ancient Italy, by examining frequency of focal periosteal reaction. METHODS Skeletons from sites ranging from the Bronze Age to the Black Plague epidemic of 1485-1486 were macroscopically evaluated for focal periosteal reaction and for the cardinal signs of rheumatoid arthritis, treponemal disease, gout and spondyloarthropathy. RESULTS Examination of 688 individuals revealed low frequency of focally distributed periosteal reaction (bumps) in sites dated from the 3400-700 years before present, sharply increasing in the 15th century. Diffuse periosteal reaction was present only as isolated occurrences secondary to hypertrophic osteoarthropathy and sabre shin reaction was notably absent. Erosive disease was uncommon and always oligoarticular in distribution. No marginal erosions were present, with the exception of an isolated metatarsal with classic overhanging edge sign of gout. Subchondral erosions, peripheral joint fusion and axial skeletal involvement identified spondyloarthropathy frequencies of 1-3%, independent of the antiquity of the site. CONCLUSIONS Italy, prior to Columbus was like a virgin. Rheumatoid arthritis and treponemal disease (specifically syphilis) were not present, further supporting the contention that they are New World-derived diseases. Periosteal signs of minor trauma were rare prior to fifteenth century plague times. This suggests a potential role of domestic (as opposed to outside environment activities) in is development. The hypothesis for a role of lead poisoning in the demise of the Roman Empire is falsified by the rarity of gout. The frequency of spondyloarthropathy was significantly below that found in sanitarily challenged populations, suggesting high standards of hygiene in ancient Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Rothschild
- Arthritis Center of Northeast Ohio, Youngstown, 44512, USA.
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Coppa A, Di Donato L, Vecchi F, Danubio ME. Seasonality of marriages and ecological contexts in rural communities of central-southern Italy (Abruzzo), 1500-1871. Coll Antropol 2001; 25:403-12. [PMID: 11811270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
The seasonality of 27,705 marriages celebrated in a four century span in the Province of Teramo (Abruzzo, Italy) was analyzed to identify the presence of a long-term pattern related to the prevailing subsistence activity and the main factors affecting it. The results show general agreement in all centuries with the agricultural patterns of other lowland or south-central Italian groups (Piedmont, Veneto, Liguria, Emilia Romagna, Tuscany, Latium, Compania, Apulia) and Mediterranean regions (Spain, France), although with some differences. Religious factors strongly affected the timing of marriage only during Lent. Of interest is the progressive increase through the centuries of marriages in the summer-autumn months, associated with a decrease in January and February. This suggests the passage from a summer migration system to a rural sedentary system with occasional seasonal work.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Coppa
- Department of Animal and Human Biology, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
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25
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Torroni A, Rengo C, Guida V, Cruciani F, Sellitto D, Coppa A, Calderon FL, Simionati B, Valle G, Richards M, Macaulay V, Scozzari R. Do the four clades of the mtDNA haplogroup L2 evolve at different rates? Am J Hum Genet 2001; 69:1348-56. [PMID: 11595973 PMCID: PMC1235545 DOI: 10.1086/324511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2001] [Accepted: 09/21/2001] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Forty-seven mtDNAs collected in the Dominican Republic and belonging to the African-specific haplogroup L2 were studied by high-resolution RFLP and control-region sequence analyses. Four sets of diagnostic markers that subdivide L2 into four clades (L2a-L2d) were identified, and a survey of published African data sets appears to indicate that these clades encompass all L2 mtDNAs and harbor very different geographic/ethnic distributions. One mtDNA from each of the four clades was completely sequenced by means of a new sequencing protocol that minimizes time and expense. The phylogeny of the L2 complete sequences showed that the two mtDNAs from L2b and L2d seem disproportionately derived, compared with those from L2a and L2c. This result is not consistent with a simple model of neutral evolution with a uniform molecular clock. The pattern of nonsynonymous versus synonymous substitutions hints at a role for selection in the evolution of human mtDNA. Regardless of whether selection is shaping the evolution of modern human mtDNAs, the population screening of L2 mtDNAs for the mutations identified by our complete sequence study should allow the identification of marker motifs of younger age with more restricted geographic distributions, thus providing new clues about African prehistory and the origin and relationships of African ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Torroni
- Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
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26
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Bandelt HJ, Alves-Silva J, Guimarães PE, Santos MS, Brehm A, Pereira L, Coppa A, Larruga JM, Rengo C, Scozzari R, Torroni A, Prata MJ, Amorim A, Prado VF, Pena SD. Phylogeography of the human mitochondrial haplogroup L3e: a snapshot of African prehistory and Atlantic slave trade. Ann Hum Genet 2001; 65:549-63. [PMID: 11851985 DOI: 10.1017/s0003480001008892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The mtDNA haplogroup L3e, which is identified by the restriction site +2349 MboI within the Afro-Eurasian superhaplogroup L3 (-3592 HpaI), is omnipresent in Africa but virtually absent in Eurasia (except for neighbouring areas with limited genetic exchange). L3e was hitherto poorly characterised in terms of HVS-I motifs, as the ancestral HVS-I type of L3e cannot be distinguished from the putative HVS-I ancestor of the entire L3 (differing from the CRS by a transition at np 16223). An MboI screening at np 2349 of a large number of Brazilian and Caribbean mtDNAs (encompassing numerous mtDNAs of African ancestry), now reveals that L3e is subdivided into four principal clades, each characterised by a single mutation in HVS-I, with additional support coming from HVS-II and partial RFLP analysis. The apparently oldest of these clades (transition at np 16327) occurs mainly in central Africa and was probably carried to southern Africa with the Bantu expansion(s). The most frequent clade (transition at np 16320) testifies to a pronounced expansion event in the mid-Holocene and seems to be prominent in many Bantu groups from all of Africa. In contrast, one clade (transition at np 16264) is essentially restricted to Atlantic western Africa (including Cabo Verde). We propose a tentative L3e phylogeny that is based on 197 HVS-I sequences. We conclude that haplogroup L3e originated in central or eastern Africa about 46,000 (+/-14,000) years ago, and was a hitchhiker of much later dispersal and local expansion events, with the rise of food production and iron smelting. Enforced migration of African slaves to the Americas translocated L3e mitochondria, the descendants of which in Brazil and the Caribbean still reflect their different regional African ancestries.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Bandelt
- Fachbereich Mathematik, Universität Hamburg, Germany.
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27
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Rothschild BM, Calderon FL, Coppa A, Rothschild C. First European exposure to syphilis: the Dominican Republic at the time of Columbian contact. Clin Infect Dis 2000; 31:936-41. [PMID: 11049773 DOI: 10.1086/318158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/1999] [Revised: 03/06/2000] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Recognition of syphilis in Europe in the late 15th century and its prior absence suggest New World origin. Skeletal populations were examined from sites with documented Columbian contact in the Dominican Republic. Examination of 536 skeletal remains revealed periosteal reaction characteristic of treponemal disease in 6%-14% of the afflicted population. Findings were identical to that previously noted in confirmed syphilis-affected populations and distinctive from those associated with yaws and bejel: it was a low population frequency phenomenon, affecting an average of 1.7-2.6 bone groups, often asymmetric and sparing hands and feet, but associated with significant tibial remodeling. While findings diagnostic of syphilis have been reported in the New World, actual demonstration of syphilis in areas where Columbus actually had contact was missing, until now. The evidence is consistent with this site as the point of initial contact of syphilis and of its subsequent spread from the New World to the Old.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Rothschild
- Arthritis Center of Northeast Ohio, Youngstown, OH 44512, USA.
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Baccante G, Mincione G, Di Febbo C, Coppa A, Angelucci D, Lapenna D, Cuccurullo F, Colletta G, Porreca E. Increased type II transforming growth factor-beta receptor expression in liver cells during cholesterol challenge. Atherosclerosis 2000; 152:51-7. [PMID: 10996339 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9150(99)00449-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A large body of evidences implicates transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. In this context, TGF-beta receptor dysfunction has been suggested to be relevant. We tested the effect of hypercholesterolemia, a well-known risk factor for atherosclerosis, on liver type II TGF-beta receptor (TbetaR-II) expression in atherosclerosis-susceptible C57BL/6 mouse strain fed atherogenic diet. In addition, the relationship between cholesterol and TbetaR-II expression was verified by cholesterol challenge on human hepatoma cell (HepG2) cultures. The susceptible C57BL/6 mice fed atherogenic diet exhibited significant mRNA and immunohistochemical TbetaR-II liver expression at 2, 5, 9 and 15 weeks as compared to animals fed a regular diet. The TbetaR-II profile on HepG2 resulted in a time-dependent increased expression when the cells were incubated with soluble free cholesterol, associated with an increased TGF-beta-dependent biological activity as detected by luciferase assay of reporter gene. These data provide evidence for a cholesterol-dependent TbetaR-II induction that may play a potentially relevant role in the development of hypercholesterolemia and atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Baccante
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Chieti, Medical School, Chieti, Italy
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29
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Napolitano G, Montani V, Giuliani C, Di Vincenzo S, Bucci I, Todisco V, Laglia G, Coppa A, Singer DS, Nakazato M, Kohn LD, Colletta G, Monaco F. Transforming growth factor-beta1 down-regulation of major histocompatibility complex class I in thyrocytes: coordinate regulation of two separate elements by thyroid-specific as well as ubiquitous transcription factors. Mol Endocrinol 2000; 14:486-505. [PMID: 10770487 DOI: 10.1210/mend.14.4.0454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1-decreased major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I gene expression in thyrocytes is transcriptional; it involves trans factors and cis elements important for hormone- as well as iodide-regulated thyroid growth and function. Thus, in rat FRTL-5 thyrocytes, TGF-beta1 regulates two elements within -203 bp of the transcription start site of the MHC class I 5'-flanking region: Enhancer A, -180 to -170 bp, and a downstream regulatory element (DRE), -127 to -90 bp, that contains a cAMP response element (CRE)-like sequence. TGF-beta1 reduces the interaction of a NF-kappaB p50/fra-2 heterodimer (MOD-1) with Enhancer A while increasing its interaction with a NF-kappaB p50/p65 heterodimer. Both reduced MOD-1 and increased p50/p65 suppresses class I expression. Decreased MOD-1 and increased p50/p65 have been separately associated with the ability of autoregulatory (high) concentrations of iodide to suppress thyrocyte growth and function, as well as MHC class I expression. TGF-beta1 has two effects on the downstream regulatory element (DRE). It increases DRE binding of a ubiquitously expressed Y-box protein, termed TSEP-1 (TSHR suppressor element binding protein-1) in rat thyroid cells; TSEP-1 has been shown separately to be an important suppressor of the TSH receptor (TSHR) in addition to MHC class I and class II expression. It also decreases the binding of a thyroid-specific trans factor, thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1), to the DRE, reflecting the ability of TGF-beta1 to decrease TTF-1 RNA levels. TGF-beta1-decreased TTF-1 expression accounts in part for TGF-beta1-decreased thyroid growth and function, since decreased TTF-1 has been shown to decrease thyroglobulin, thyroperoxidase, sodium iodide symporter, and TSHR gene expression, coincident with decreased MHC class I. Finally, we show that TGF-beta1 increases c-jun RNA levels and induces the formation of new complexes involving c-jun, fra-2, ATF-1, and c-fos, which react with Enhancer A and the DRE. TGF-beta1 effects on c-jun may be a pivotal fulcrum in the hitherto unrecognized coordinate regulation of Enhancer A and the DRE.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Napolitano
- Department of Medicine, University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
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30
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Turco A, Scarpa S, Coppa A, Baccheschi G, Palumbo C, Leonetti C, Zupi G, Colletta G. Increased TGFbeta type II receptor expression suppresses the malignant phenotype and induces differentiation of human neuroblastoma cells. Exp Cell Res 2000; 255:77-85. [PMID: 10666336 DOI: 10.1006/excr.1999.4750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
TGFbeta can modulate neuroblastoma (NB) cell proliferation and differentiation in vitro. In this study we used a NB cell line (LAN-5) which has been shown to partially respond to TGFbeta and to present high levels of TGFbeta receptor type I and low levels of receptor type II (TbetaRII) on the cell surface. To evaluate the role of TbetaRII in mediating TGFbeta effects, LAN-5 cells were transfected with an expression vector containing the human full-length TbetaRII cDNA or with the empty vector pcDNA3. Compared to control CLV3 cells (transfected with empty plasmid) and parental LAN-5 cells, isolated neomycin-resistant clones (CL1 and CL3) expressed higher levels of TbetaRII, had reduced cell growth rate in vitro, and were unable to form tumors in vivo. Furthermore, isolated clones modified their morphology, assuming a terminally differentiated neuronal phenotype. Immunocytochemical staining demonstrated a basal increased expression of neural-specific markers, such as axonal growth-associated protein (GAP43) and neurofilaments (NF200). TGFbeta treatment further increased the synthesis of NF200 and GAP43 in the transfected clones as revealed by Western blot analysis. These data indicate that TbetaRII overexpression potentiates the TGFbeta signal transduction pathway, reverting NB cell neoplastic phenotype with the reduction of proliferation rate and the induction of terminal maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Turco
- Dipartimento di Oncologia e Neuroscienze, University of Chieti, 66013, Chieti, Italy
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Turco A, Coppa A, Aloe S, Baccheschi G, Morrone S, Zupi G, Colletta G. Overexpression of transforming growth factor beta-type II receptor reduces tumorigenicity and metastastic potential of K-ras-transformed thyroid cells. Int J Cancer 1999; 80:85-91. [PMID: 9935236 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0215(19990105)80:1<85::aid-ijc17>3.0.co;2-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Expression of type II receptor of transforming growth factor beta (TbetaRII) is necessary for this factor to inhibit the growth of thyroid epithelial cells. In rat thyroid transformed cells, the resistance to transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) is associated with a decreased expression of TbetaRII mRNA and protein. Reduced TbetaRII expression has also been found in human thyroid differentiated and undifferentiated carcinomas. To investigate the role of TbetaRII in modulating the tumorigenic potential of k-ras-transformed thyroid cells, we transfected these cells with an expression vector carrying the human TbetaRII gene, regulated by an inducible promoter. Isolated clones, overexpressing TbetaRII, showed a reduction in the anchorage-dependent and -independent cell growth, compared with control k-ras-transformed cells. When transplanted in athymic nude mice, the transfected clones presented a decrease in tumorigenicity with respect to the highly malignant parental cells. Moreover, the diminished tumorigenic ability of the clones studied was accompanied by a statistically significant reduction in spontaneous and lung artificial metastases. Taken together, our data demonstrate that TbetaRII acts as a potent tumor suppressor gene when overexpressed in malignant thyroid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Turco
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università dell'Aquila, Italy
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32
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Abstract
Discrete and metric dental traits are used to assess biological similarities and differences among 13 bioarchaeological populations located on each side of the Apennine mountains in central-southern Italy and dated to the first millennium BC. An initial hypothesis, that the mountain chain might provide a significant geographical barrier for population movement (resulting in greater biological affinities among those groups on the same side), is not supported. Instead, the samples appear to cluster more on the basis of time than geography. Archaeological evidence, however, supports an association between populations on opposite sides of the mountains and thus is in accord with the dental data. As anticipated, discrete dental traits appear to be more useful than metric dental traits in assessing such population affinities. This research represents a beginning to a better comprehension of the complexity of the biological and cultural dynamics of Italian populations during recent millennia.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Coppa
- Dipartimento Biologia Animale and dell'Uomo, Universita La Sapienza di Roma, Italia
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Farina AR, Coppa A, Tiberio A, Tacconelli A, Turco A, Colletta G, Gulino A, Mackay AR. Transforming growth factor-beta1 enhances the invasiveness of human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells by up-regulating urokinase activity. Int J Cancer 1998. [PMID: 9495240 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0215(19980302)75:5<721::aid-ijc10>3.0.co;2-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta1) enhances human MDA-MB-231 breast tumour cell invasion of reconstituted basement membrane in vitro but does not inhibit proliferation of this cell line. In contrast to basal invasion, which is plasmin-, urokinase (uPA)-, tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA)-, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9- and TIMP-1-inhibitable MMP-dependent, TGFbeta1 enhanced-invasion is dependent upon plasmin and uPA activity but does not appear to involve t-PA-, MMP9- or TIMP-1-inhibitable MMPs, as judged by inhibitor studies. Enhanced invasion is associated with increased u-PA, UPAR, PAI-1, MT-MMP-1, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 expression; with reduced t-PA, MMP-1 and MMP-3 expression; and with the induction of membrane MMP-9 association. The net result of these changes includes increased secreted, but not membrane-associated, uPA levels and activity and reduced secreted levels of plasmin and APMA-activatable gelatinolytic, collagenolytic and caseinolytic MMP activity but no change in membrane-associated gelatinolytic activity, despite increased MT-MMP-1 expression and MMP-9 membrane association. TGFbeta1 does not induce MMP-2 expression. Our data indicate that TGFbeta1 can promote the malignant behaviour of MDA-MB-231 cells refractory to TGFbeta1-mediated proliferation control by enhancing their invasive capacity. We suggest that this results from the action of a uPA/plasmin-dependent mechanism resulting from stimulation of uPA expression, secretion and subsequent activity, despite elevated PAI-1 inhibitor levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Farina
- Section of Molecular Pathology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of L'Aquila, Italy.
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34
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Farina AR, Coppa A, Tiberio A, Tacconelli A, Turco A, Colletta G, Gulino A, Mackay AR. Transforming growth factor-beta1 enhances the invasiveness of human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells by up-regulating urokinase activity. Int J Cancer 1998; 75:721-30. [PMID: 9495240 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0215(19980302)75:5<721::aid-ijc10>3.0.co;2-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta1) enhances human MDA-MB-231 breast tumour cell invasion of reconstituted basement membrane in vitro but does not inhibit proliferation of this cell line. In contrast to basal invasion, which is plasmin-, urokinase (uPA)-, tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA)-, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9- and TIMP-1-inhibitable MMP-dependent, TGFbeta1 enhanced-invasion is dependent upon plasmin and uPA activity but does not appear to involve t-PA-, MMP9- or TIMP-1-inhibitable MMPs, as judged by inhibitor studies. Enhanced invasion is associated with increased u-PA, UPAR, PAI-1, MT-MMP-1, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 expression; with reduced t-PA, MMP-1 and MMP-3 expression; and with the induction of membrane MMP-9 association. The net result of these changes includes increased secreted, but not membrane-associated, uPA levels and activity and reduced secreted levels of plasmin and APMA-activatable gelatinolytic, collagenolytic and caseinolytic MMP activity but no change in membrane-associated gelatinolytic activity, despite increased MT-MMP-1 expression and MMP-9 membrane association. TGFbeta1 does not induce MMP-2 expression. Our data indicate that TGFbeta1 can promote the malignant behaviour of MDA-MB-231 cells refractory to TGFbeta1-mediated proliferation control by enhancing their invasive capacity. We suggest that this results from the action of a uPA/plasmin-dependent mechanism resulting from stimulation of uPA expression, secretion and subsequent activity, despite elevated PAI-1 inhibitor levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Farina
- Section of Molecular Pathology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of L'Aquila, Italy.
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35
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Lazzereschi D, Mincione G, Coppa A, Ranieri A, Turco A, Baccheschi G, Pelicano S, Colletta G. Oncogenes and antioncogenes involved in human thyroid carcinogenesis. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 1997; 16:325-32. [PMID: 9387909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The development of cancer is due to the accumulation of multiple somatic mutations, in some cases following germline mutations, which occur in hereditary malignancies such as retinoblastomas or multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN 2A and B). Genetic alterations or changes in the expression of growth regulatory genes can lead to the initiation of malignant transformation and to eventual tumor progression. Cells that have undergone these cumulative alterations in either the structure or expression of these regulatory genes generally possess a selective growth and/or metastatic advantage over other normal non-transformed cells. Thus, activation of dominantly transforming oncogenes by point mutations, gene amplification, chromosomal translocation or insertional mutagenesis can lead to uncontrolled cellular growth or to a disruption in normal differentiation or apoptosis. Equally contributory to the process of malignant progression is the inactivation of recessive tumor suppressor genes due to point mutations and/or loss of heterozygosity in one allele, which can ultimately lead to a reduction of homozygosity in both alleles. Thyroid tumors in humans represent a particularly suitable multistage model of epithelial tumorigenesis. In fact, even though most thyroid neoplasms originate from a single cell type, i.e. the thyroid follicular cell, they include a broad spectrum of tumors with different phenotypic characteristics and variable biological and clinical behaviour. Multiple degrees of malignancies have been defined: from the benign colloid adenomas through the slowly progressive differentiated papillary and follicular carcinomas to the invariably fatal anaplastic carcinomas, although these histological changes are not necessarily sequential. In this review an effort has been made to summarize and integrate new data published on genetic lesions and altered expression of genes involved in the tumorigenesis of the follicular type of thyroid cancer. We have focused our interest only on gene alterations inducing gain or loss of function, that have been studied in vivo in human thyroid tumor specimens by the use of different techniques, such as PCR mediated DNA analyses, sequencing, mRNA level evaluation and protein expression by immunohistochemical staining.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Lazzereschi
- Dept. of Experimental Medicine and Pathology, Rome, Italy
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Lazzereschi D, Coppa A, Minicione G, Lavitrano M, Fragomele F, Colletta G. The phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid stimulates the TSH-induced G1-S phase transition in thyroid cells. Exp Cell Res 1997; 234:425-33. [PMID: 9260913 DOI: 10.1006/excr.1997.3627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation plays an essential role in regulating many cellular processes in eukaryotes. Signal transduction mechanisms that are reversibly controlled by protein phosphorylation require also protein phosphatases (PPs). Okadaic acid (OA), which is a potent inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and protein phosphatase 1, elicits phosphorylation of many proteins in unstimulated cells and induces different cellular responses, including transcriptional activation, shape changes, and pseudomitotic state. In this study, the effects of OA on rat thyroid cells (FRTL-5 strain) were analyzed to evaluate the role of serine/threonine phosphatases in hormone-induced thyroid cell proliferation. OA at a concentration range between 0.1 and 1 nM stimulated thyroid cell growth. Furthermore, 0.25 nM OA increased about 3.5-fold the thyrotropin (TSH)-induced DNA synthesis in quiescent cells. OA treatment also stimulated cell proliferation induced by drugs that mimic TSH effect, such as 8Br-cAMP and cholera toxin, suggesting that PP2A activity was relevant in the cAMP pathway activated by the hormone. Flow cytometry experiments showed that OA significantly increased the fraction of TSH-stimulated quiescent cells entering the S phase. In order to define the mechanisms underlying the observed stimulatory effect of OA on thyroid cell growth, expression of genes relevant in the G1-S phase transition was evaluated. A 2-fold increase in the level of cyclin D1 mRNA expression was found by Northern blot analysis in OA-treated cells. Although cdk2 gene expression was not modulated by the same OA treatment, an increase in Cdk2 protein was revealed by immunoprecipitation experiments. Moreover, OA modifies the phosphorylation pattern of the tumor suppressor retinoblastoma protein, a key event in the G1-S phase transition. Therefore, these experiments reveal that PP2A phosphatases play an important role in thyroid cell growth and can act at multiple sites in the TSH pathways driving cells to S phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Lazzereschi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Patologia, Facoltà di Medicinae Chirurgia, Università La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
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Coppa A, Mincione G, Lazzereschi D, Ranieri A, Turco A, Lucignano B, Scarpa S, Ragano-Caracciolo M, Colletta G. Restored expression of transforming growth factor beta type II receptor in k-ras-transformed thyroid cells, TGF beta-resistant, reverts their malignant phenotype. J Cell Physiol 1997; 172:200-8. [PMID: 9258341 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4652(199708)172:2<200::aid-jcp7>3.0.co;2-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF beta 1) inhibits the growth of normal rat epithelial thyroid cells (FRTL-5 strain) by counteracting thyrotropin (TSH)-stimulated DNA synthesis and by slowing the cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Here, we have studied two clones of FRTL-5 thyroid cell line transformed by the wild type (wt) v-k-ras oncogene (K.M.A1, K.M.A2) and one clone (A6) transformed by a temperature-sensitive (ts) v-k-ras mutant. Anchorage-dependent as well as anchorage-independent growth of these k-ras-transformed cells was not inhibited by TGF beta 1. TGF beta 1 resistance appeared to be dependent by a functional p21 k-ras, because A6 cell growth was partially inhibited at the nonpermissive temperature (39 degrees C). To determine the basis for TGF beta 1 resistance in k-ras-transformed thyroid cells, we looked for possible defects in the expression of type I (T beta R-I/ALK5) and type II TGF beta receptors (T beta R-II). Lower levels of type II receptors were present in all of the k-ras-transformed clones, as revealed by both Northern blot and cross-linking experiments. A partial reversion of the malignant phenotype of the wt k-ras-transformed clone was obtained in two clones isolated after transfection of the malignant thyroid cells (K.M.A1) with a T beta R-II expression vector. These two clones also showed restored levels of exogenous T beta R-II mRNA and protein, and both clones showed a partially reacquired sensitivity to TGF beta 1. Similarly, the reversion of the malignant phenotype of the A6 clone grown at the nonpermissive temperature was accompanied by a restored expression of the T beta R-II receptors. These data indicate that active k-ras oncogene can induce TGF beta 1 resistance in rat thyroid cells and suggest that one of the possible mechanisms of escape from TGF beta 1 growth control in k-ras-induced thyroid carcinogenesis involves a reduced expression of T beta R-II receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Coppa
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Patologia, Università La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
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Scarpa S, Coppa A, Ragano-Caracciolo M, Mincione G, Giuffrida A, Modesti A, Colletta G. Transforming growth factor beta regulates differentiation and proliferation of human neuroblastoma. Exp Cell Res 1996; 229:147-54. [PMID: 8940258 DOI: 10.1006/excr.1996.0352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The effects of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGFbeta) on two human neuroblastoma cell lines, LAN-5 and SK-N-AS, and one human glioblastoma cell line, GL15, were evaluated. Of the three cultures, only two, SK-N-AS and GL15, had a complete response to TGFbeta, with induction of the following effects: (i) inhibition of cell proliferation; (ii) up-regulation of the extracellular matrix glycoprotein fibronectin, together with down-regulation of the VLA5 integrin receptor; (iii) up-regulation of histotype-specific cytoskeletal intermediate filaments (neurofilaments for neuroblastoma and GFAP for glioblastoma); and (iv) increase in the glycoprotein CD44, only in SK-N-AS. In the third cell line, neuroblastoma LAN-5, the effects exerted by TGFbeta consisted only of (i) neurofilament increase and (ii) morphological differentiation. The TGFbeta receptor pattern was different in each culture: SK-N-AS expressed low rates of type I and type II receptors and high rates of type III receptor; LAN-5 expressed high rates of type I, low rates of type II, and no type III; GL15 expressed high rates of all three receptors. These data suggest that TGFbeta can induce a histotype-specific cell maturation and that the neuroblastoma expressing low type II and at the same time lacking type III receptor responds only partially to TGFbeta, with induction of neural differentiation but without inhibition of cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Scarpa
- Experimental Medicine and Pathology Department, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
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Coppa A, Mincione G, Mammarella S, Ranieri A, Colletta G. Epithelial rat thyroid cell clones, escaping from transforming growth factor beta negative growth control, are still inhibited by this factor in the ability to trap iodide. Cell Growth Differ 1995; 6:281-90. [PMID: 7794796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta) acts on epithelial thyroid cells, negatively controlling their proliferation and functions. The effects of TGF beta on epithelial rat thyroid cells (FRTL-5) and on two TGF beta-resistant rat thyroid cell clones (FRTL-5H2 and FRTL-R) were investigated. FRTL-5H2 represents a rat thyroid cell clone overexpressing active erbB-2 oncogene, recently obtained after FRTL-5 cell infection with a retrovirus vector carrying the erbB-2 human oncogene (G. Mincione et al., Cancer Res., 53: 5548-5553, 1993). FRTL-R is a FRTL-5 subclone spontaneously isolated after long term in culture. FRTL-5H2 and FRTL-R cell clones were stimulated by TGF beta at the same concentration of 5 ng/ml that induced 70% inhibition of [3H]thymidine incorporation in control FRTL-5 thyroid cells. Nuclear events regulated by TGF beta, such as cyclin and cyclin-dependent kinase gene expression, were then analyzed. In FRTL-5 cells, TGF beta was found to reduce the expression of cdk2 and cyclin A genes; the same treatment did not modify nuclear gene expression in the resistant cell clones. TGF beta is known to reduce iodide uptake in thyroid cells; in both FRTL-5H2 and FRTL-R cells, TGF beta was found to inhibit the thyrotropin-induced iodide uptake. Thus, thyroid cell clones, resistant to the growth-inhibitory activity of TGF beta, were sensitive to TGF beta inhibition of iodide incorporation, suggesting that TGF beta activates divergent signaling pathways in these cells, separately controlling cell proliferation and differentiation parameters. Studies on TGF beta receptors showed similar amounts of TGF beta-binding species on FRTL-5 cells and TGF beta-resistant clones, while 125I-labeled TGF beta cross-linking experiments revealed differences; thus, the TGF beta-resistant cells showed a 40% decrease in the amount of labeled type II TGF beta receptor on the cell surface. However, this different pattern of TGF beta receptors cannot totally account for the shown TGF beta resistance to growth inhibition that might also be due to perturbation in signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Coppa
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
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Vajro P, Fontanella A, De Vincenzo A, Lettera P, Greco L, Coppa A, D'Armiento M. Monitoring of serum alpha-fetoprotein levels in children with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1991; 12:27-32. [PMID: 1712035 DOI: 10.1097/00005176-199101000-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Changes in serum alpha-fetoprotein (alpha FP) levels were investigated by radioimmunoassay during the follow-up (17 +/- 12 months, two to three times per year) of 50 children with chronic hepatitis B virus infection (mean age of 8 years, 30 males) and of 35 healthy age- and sex-matched controls. Eleven of 50 were healthy carriers; 7 had chronic persistent hepatitis, 29 had chronic active hepatitis, and 3 had cirrhosis-associated chronic active hepatitis. Serum alpha FP levels in controls were found to be always lower than 5 ng/ml (0.1-4.4 ng/ml, mean +/- SD of 1.34 +/- 1.32 ng/ml). Statistical analysis after logarithmic transformation showed a significant difference between mean levels (ng/ml) in controls and in patients [geometric mean = 0.83 C.L. (95% confidence limits of 1.19/0.58) vs. 3.43 (95% C.L. of 4.79/2.45); p = 0.0001]. Mean values of serum alpha FP levels at entry were higher than those found at the end of the follow-up period [geometric mean = 3 (95% C.L. of 4.69/1.92) vs. 1.48 (95% C.L. of 2.13/0.95); p = 0.038]. Only three patients repeatedly showed high alpha FP levels (76.7, 122.8, and 1,600 ng/ml at entry): alpha FP values became normal after a mean follow-up of 17 +/- 7.8 months as well as liver enzymes, with no changes in serum "e" antigen-antibody and anti-delta antibody status being observed. Mean values of serum alpha FP levels in HBeAg-positive patients were significantly higher than in HBeAg-negative patients both at entry and during the follow-up (p = 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- P Vajro
- Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Medical School of the University of Naples, Italy
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Di Carlo A, Mariano A, Coppa A, Macchia V, Maiuri F, Iaconetta G, D'Andrea F. Epidermal growth factor receptor and tissue tumor markers in human intracranial neoplasms. J Neurosurg Sci 1990; 34:181-5. [PMID: 1965899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The content of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFr) and its relation to tissue CEA and NSE were examined in 22 intracranial neoplasms (18 primary intracranial tumors and 4 metastasis from lung cancer). The EGFr was measured by a radioligand assay on crude plasma membrane preparations. The tissue tumor markers (CEA and NSE) were measured on the high speed supernatant of tissue homogenates. In the primary intracranial tumors the EGFr was positive in 68%, CEA in 43% and NSE in 47% of all cases examined. As it concerns the metastasis from lung cancer the positivity was 75% for EGFr while for CEA and NSE was 50% and 32% respectively. These results suggest that the routine measurement of EGFr, associated with the determinations of tissue CEA and NSE could provide useful information on the type of the intracranial neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Di Carlo
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Patologia Cellulare e Molecolare, Università di Napoli, Italy
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42
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Danubio ME, Coppa A. Use of isonymous marriages in the study of consanguinity. Genus 1990; 46:39-56. [PMID: 12283647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
"In a previous investigation the distribution of isonymous marriages was traced for the last 160 years in Civitella del Tronto [Italy]. In this report the authors test the reliability of the method, by verifying if isonymous mates actually descend from a common ancestor. The family menages of the three families with the highest rate of isonymous marriages [during the period 1810-1969] were reconstructed over 10-11 generations." (SUMMARY IN FRE AND ITA)
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Danubio ME, Coppa A. Marital mobility in the municipal area of Civitella del Tronto (Teramo, Abruzzo) from the XVII century to 1979. Genus 1990; 46:57-70. [PMID: 12283648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- G La Montagna
- Divisione di Medicina Generale e Reumatologia, Prima Facoltà di Medicina, Università di Napoli, Italia
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45
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De Fazio P, Rengo S, Vairo F, Cavalcanti M, Coppa A. [Evaluation using radioisotopes (I125) of the airtightness of root canal obturation obtained with lateral and vertical condensation technics]. Minerva Stomatol 1987; 36:175-8. [PMID: 3472057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Biondi G, Calandra PL, Coppa A, Falcone G, Rickards O, Vecchi F. Distribution of the S and C hemoglobins in Atakora District (Benin). Hum Biol 1980; 52:205-13. [PMID: 7380423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Coppa A, Bar A. Use of questions to elicit adaptation in the spontaneous speech of stutterers and non-stutterers. Folia Phoniatr (Basel) 1974; 26:378-88. [PMID: 4457416 DOI: 10.1159/000263797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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