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da Silva LF, Vargas Medina DA, Lanças FM. Automated needle-sleeve based online hyphenation of solid-phase microextraction and liquid chromatography. Talanta 2020; 221:121608. [PMID: 33076138 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A novel approach for the online coupling of solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and liquid chromatography (LC) is introduced. An innovative Si@GO@βCD coated needle-sleeve extractant device was developed and then employed in the automated online SPME-LC-UV determination of estrogen-like isoflavones from human urine samples. The extractant SPME device is easily attachable at the endpoint of an analytical syringe needle and operated by a lab-made autosampler. Fully automated online SPME-LC is accomplished by proper autosampler programming to perform the following steps: i) the analytes extraction by direct immersion of the extractant device into the stirred sample, ii) a rinsing step iii) the analytes desorption/enrichment, iv) the online transference of the extract to the LC injection valve. Besides allowing the online SPME hyphenation, this extraction modality efficiently addressed the drawbacks associated with the clogging and dispersion of graphene-based microextraction techniques performed in packed-bed and dispersive formats. The main extraction parameters and the performance of the automated online SPME-LC method developed were carefully studied. The results show a good sensitivity, reliability, and straightforward analytical strategy for the determination of organic compounds in complex samples. The detection limit of the method was 20 μg L1 for DAI and 10 μg L-1 for GEN, FOR and BIO. The intra-day RSD was below 10% and inter-day RSD was below 13%. The total analysis time was less than 17 min per sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Felipe da Silva
- University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Fernando Mauro Lanças
- University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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Alipour F, Raoof JB, Ghani M. Hierarchical zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 derived from in-situ synthesized CO-Al layered double hydroxide embedded within porous-anodized aluminum foil for thin film microextraction of caffeine followed by its high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1626:461358. [PMID: 32797837 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the in-situ conversion of the synthesized Co-Al layered double hydroxide (Co-Al LDH) nanosheets to three dimensional hierarchical zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 (3D HZIF-67) was presented as a cost-effective, highly efficient, flexible and robust sorbent to carry out the microextraction process. In the first stage, the anodized aluminum foil was prepared electrochemically. Then, the Co-Al LDH precursor was constructed on the surface of the previously-prepared anodized Al foil applying in-situ formation approach. The procedure is followed by the conversion of the prepared Co-Al LDH film to 3D HZIF-67 film via a facile solvothermal method without adding cobalt salt. The in-situ prepared 3D HZIF-67-anodized Al was used for the thin film microextraction (TFME) of caffeine. The effective factors in TFME procedure were investigated and optimized through applying Central Composite Design (CCD). In the obtained optimal condition, the calibration curves for TFME-HPLC-UV of caffeine were linear in the range of 1-200 µg L-1 with the coefficient of determination (r2) higher than 0.9915. The limits of detection were 0.33 and 0.38 µg L-1, in water and urine matrices, respectively. Moreover, the enrichment factors (EFs) and absolute recoveries (%AR) were also calculated as 173-198 and 57.1%-65.3%, respectively. The inter-day relative standard deviations (RSDs) were evaluated as the method precision for 20 and 200 µg L-1 of spiked sample and were between 4.9-6.1%. The repeatability of the preparation step was investigated as batch-to-batch reproducibility and it was found to be 4.9%; as a result, the reproducibility of the presented film was approved. Finally, the proposed method was utilized to determine caffeine (as the model analyte) from different types of real samples including urine, coffee, beverage (Pepsi) and shampoo. The obtained recoveries (higher than 88%) confirmed the capability of the method for real sample analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Alipour
- Electroanalytical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Jahan Bakhsh Raoof
- Electroanalytical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran.
| | - Milad Ghani
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
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Patinha DJS, Wang H, Yuan J, Rocha SM, Silvestre AJD, Marrucho IM. Thin Porous Poly(ionic liquid) Coatings for Enhanced Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12091909. [PMID: 32847149 PMCID: PMC7563990 DOI: 10.3390/polym12091909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In this contribution, thin poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) coatings with a well-defined pore structure built up from interpolyelectrolyte complexation between a PIL and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) were successfully used for enhanced solid phase microextraction (SPME). The introduction of porosity with tunable polarity through the highly versatile PIL chemistry clearly boosts the potential of SPME in the detection of compounds at rather low concentrations. This work will inspire researchers to further explore the potential of porous poly(ionic liquid) materials in sensing and separation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. S. Patinha
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. Da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal;
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Hong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China;
| | - Jiayin Yuan
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- Correspondence: (J.Y.); (I.M.M.)
| | - Sílvia M. Rocha
- LAQV-REQUIMTE & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Armando J. D. Silvestre
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Isabel M. Marrucho
- Centro de Química Estrutural and Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence: (J.Y.); (I.M.M.)
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Ghamat SN, Talebpour Z. A vinylpyrrolidone-based thin film microextraction in combination with direct solid-state spectrofluorimetry for determination of sartans in human plasma. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1124:146-155. [PMID: 32534667 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A vinylpyrrolidone-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate-acrylic acid thin film was prepared on a polypropylene guard and its formulation was optimized for application in thin film microextraction followed by direct solid-state spectrofluorimetry method. The surface morphology, fluorescence property and extraction performance of the thin film were investigated systematically. The intra- and inter-batch reproducibilities of thin film fabrication were obtained 2.3 and 4.2%, respectively. The lifetime of each prepared thin film was 30 times with a relative standard deviation of less than 1.4%. The developed method was optimized for extraction of some sartans as angiotensin II receptors antagonist (including losartan, valsartan, and olmesartan) which have been used to control hypertension as the main causes of cardiovascular disease. The optimum extraction conditions achieved at 2- (for losartan) and 4- (for valsartan and olmesartan) sample pH, 500-rpm rotation rate and 30-min extraction time for all three analytes. At the optimum conditions, analyses of losartan, valsartan, and olmesartan were validated in the human plasma matrix. Broad linearity ranges with determination coefficients of more than 0.999 were achieved for each calibration curve. Limit of detection of the method was 0.5 ng mL-1 for all three analytes. The intra- and inter-day accuracies and precisions of the developed method were evaluated in spiked plasma samples at three concentration levels of each analyte with high recoveries of 95-101% and relative standard deviations less than 6%. This method provides a simple, sensitive, fast, and high-throughput analysis method with the possibility of effective extraction of at least 40 samples simultaneously without the necessity of protein precipitating, desorption, and solvent evaporation steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Najafi Ghamat
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physics and Chemistry, Alzahra University, Vanak, Tehran, 19835-389, Iran
| | - Zahra Talebpour
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physics and Chemistry, Alzahra University, Vanak, Tehran, 19835-389, Iran.
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Godage NH, Gionfriddo E. Use of natural sorbents as alternative and green extractive materials: A critical review. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1125:187-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Systematic Evaluation of Different Coating Chemistries Used in Thin-Film Microextraction. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25153448. [PMID: 32751187 PMCID: PMC7435592 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A systematic evaluation of eight different coatings made of solid phase extraction (SPE) and carbon-based sorbents immobilized with polyacrylonitrile in the thin-film microextraction (TFME) format using LC-MS/MS was described. The investigated coatings included graphene, graphene oxide, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), carboxylated MWCNTs, as carbon-based coatings, and polystyrene-divinylbenzene (PS-DVB), octadecyl-silica particles (C18), hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance particles (HLB) and phenyl-boronic acid modified particles (PBA), as SPE-based coatings. A total of 24 compounds of diverse moieties and of a wide range of polarities (log P from -2.99 to 6.98) were selected as probes. The investigated coatings were characterized based on their extraction performance toward the selected probes at different pH values and at optimized desorption conditions. In the case of SPE-based coatings, PS-DVB and HLB exhibited a balanced extraction for compounds within a wide range of polarities, and C18 showed superior extraction recoveries for non-polar analytes. Carbon-based coatings showed high affinity for non-polar compounds given that their main driving force for extraction is hydrophobic interactions. Interestingly, among the studied carbon-based coatings, graphene oxide showed the best extraction capabilities toward polar compounds owing to its oxygen-containing groups. Overall, this work provided important insights about the extraction mechanisms and properties of the investigated coatings, facilitating the coating selection when developing new TFME applications.
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Marrubini G, Dugheri S, Cappelli G, Arcangeli G, Mucci N, Appelblad P, Melzi C, Speltini A. Experimental designs for solid-phase microextraction method development in bioanalysis: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1119:77-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Díaz-Liñán MC, García-Valverde MT, Lucena R, Cárdenas S, López-Lorente AI. Paper-based sorptive phases for microextraction and sensing. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:3074-3091. [PMID: 32930167 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay00702a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The simplification of the analytical procedures, including cost-effective materials and detectors, is a current research trend. In this context, paper has been identified as a useful material thanks to its low price and high availability in different compositions (office, filter, chromatographic). Its porosity, flexibility, and planar geometry permit the design of flow-through devices compatible with most instrumental techniques. This article provides a general overview of the potential of paper, as substrate, on the simplification of analytical chemistry methodologies. The design of paper-based sorptive phases is considered in-depth, and the different functionalization strategies are described. Considering our experience in sample preparation, special attention has been paid to the use of these phases under the classical microextraction-analysis workflow, which usually includes a chromatographic separation of the analytes before their determination. However, the interest of these materials extends beyond this field as they can be easily implemented into spectroscopic and electrochemical sensors. Finally, the direct analysis of paper substrates in mass spectrometry, in the so-called paper-spray technique is also discussed. This review is more focused on presenting ideas rather than the description of specific applications to draw a general picture of the potential of these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Díaz-Liñán
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto, Universitario de Investigación en Química Fina y Nanoquímica IUNAN, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - M T García-Valverde
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto, Universitario de Investigación en Química Fina y Nanoquímica IUNAN, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - R Lucena
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto, Universitario de Investigación en Química Fina y Nanoquímica IUNAN, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - S Cárdenas
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto, Universitario de Investigación en Química Fina y Nanoquímica IUNAN, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - A I López-Lorente
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto, Universitario de Investigación en Química Fina y Nanoquímica IUNAN, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain.
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59
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Valderrama L, Merib J, Março PH, Valderrama P, Carasek E. Emerging micropollutants determination by NIR spectroscopy using pseudo-univariate calibration and TF-SPME coupled with 96-well plate system. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.104789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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60
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In vivo solid-phase microextraction swab sampling of environmental pollutants and drugs in human body for nano-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry analysis. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1124:71-77. [PMID: 32534677 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In vivo sampling and sensitive detection of environmental pollutants and drugs in human body play a crucial role in understanding human health. In this study, in vivo solid-phase microextraction (SPME) swab was fabricated using a SPME fiber and a medical cotton swab for noninvasive sampling and extraction of environmental pollutants and drugs in human oral cavity, nasal cavity and on skin surface. After sampling, SPME was coupled with nano-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (nanoESI-MS) for desorption, ionization, and detection of the extracted analytes. As a result, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of nicotine in oral fluid were found to be 1.0 pg/mL (S/N ≥ 3) and 4.0 pg/mL (S/N ≥ 10), respectively. Linear dynamic signal responses of nicotine exhibited excellent linearity (R2 = 0.9996) in human oral fluid ranging from 0.1 to 50 ng/mL. The coefficient of variation (CV) values of SPME swab for five measurements from sample vials and human body were 5.1-6.7% and 22.7-32.6%, respectively. Rapid analysis of a single sample could be completed within 10 min. Overall, our results demonstrated that SPME swab-MS is a promising noninvasive method for enhanced detection of analytes in human body.
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Cárdenas-Soracá DM, Singh V, Nazdrajić E, Vasiljević T, Grandy JJ, Pawliszyn J. Development of thin-film solid-phase microextraction coating and method for determination of artificial sweeteners in surface waters. Talanta 2020; 211:120714. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.120714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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63
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Aly AA, Górecki T. Green Approaches to Sample Preparation Based on Extraction Techniques. Molecules 2020; 25:E1719. [PMID: 32283595 PMCID: PMC7180442 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Preparing a sample for analysis is a crucial step of many analytical procedures. The goal of sample preparation is to provide a representative, homogenous sample that is free of interferences and compatible with the intended analytical method. Green approaches to sample preparation require that the consumption of hazardous organic solvents and energy be minimized or even eliminated in the analytical process. While no sample preparation is clearly the most environmentally friendly approach, complete elimination of this step is not always practical. In such cases, the extraction techniques which use low amounts of solvents or no solvents are considered ideal alternatives. This paper presents an overview of green extraction procedures and sample preparation methodologies, briefly introduces their theoretical principles, and describes the recent developments in food, pharmaceutical, environmental and bioanalytical chemistry applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alshymaa A. Aly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada;
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Menia Governorate 61519, Egypt
| | - Tadeusz Górecki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada;
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64
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Jalili V, Barkhordari A, Ghiasvand A. Bioanalytical Applications of Microextraction Techniques: A Review of Reviews. Chromatographia 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-020-03884-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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65
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Bonfoh SI, Li D, Xiong X, Du Z, Xiong C, Jiang H. Novel PEP-PAN@PSF rods extraction of EDCs in environmental water, sediment, and fish homogenate followed by pre-column derivatization and UHPLC-MS/MS detection. Talanta 2020; 210:120661. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Analysis of volatile metabolites from in vitro biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with thin-film microextraction by thermal desorption gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:2881-2892. [PMID: 32198528 PMCID: PMC7196090 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02529-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive inherited disease which leads to a production of thickened mucus in the airways. These conditions are conducive to poly-microbial infections, like chronic lung infection, in which Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is the major pathogenic bacterium colonizing CF lungs at the end of the lifetime of CF patients. This in vitro study uses a P. aeruginosa biofilm model under partly cystic fibrosis conditions, with a sampling of volatile extracellular metabolites. The gas sampling was done with thin-film microextraction (TFME) and commercial polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) films, whereas the analysis of loaded films was done by gas chromatography coupled to quadrupole mass spectrometry and thermodesorption (TD-GC-qMS). For this purpose, two commercially available films were characterized by means of thermogravimetry coupled to a qMS with atmospheric pressure photo ionization (TG-APPI-qMS), regarding homogeneity and temperature stability. The selected film was cleaned using a method developed in this study. The TD-GC-qMS method was successfully used for standards of volatile metabolites which were known to be produced by P. aeruginosa. Limits of detection and quantification of the method for middle and less polar compounds in low nanomolar range (0.5 nM and 1.5 nM) were achieved. The developed method was finally applied to investigate the extracellular volatile metabolites produced by biofilms of the strain P. aeruginosa DSM 50071 under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. In sum, eleven metabolites could be found under both conditions. Furthermore, it was shown in this study that different oxygen conditions (aerobic and anaerobic) resulted in emitting different extracellular volatile metabolites. Specific metabolites, like 1-undecene (aerobic) and 2-undecanone (anaerobic), could be identified. The results are promising, in that the biofilm model may be applicable for the identification of P. aeruginosa under clinical conditions. Furthermore, the model could be the basis for studying extracellular volatile metabolites from different mono- or co-cultures of various bacteria, as well as the implementation of pulmonary conditions, like these in CF lungs. This possibility allows the development of a non-invasive “at-bedside” breath analysis method for CF patients in focus of various bacterial infections. Graphical abstract ![]()
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67
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Jinadasa BKKK, Monteau F, Morais S. Critical review of micro-extraction techniques used in the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in biological, environmental and food samples. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2020; 37:1004-1026. [PMID: 32186468 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2020.1733103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants and their accurate determination is very important to human health and environment safety. In this review, sorptive-based micro-extraction techniques [such as Solid-Phase Micro-extraction (SPME), Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction (SBSE), Micro-extraction in Packed Sorbent (MEPS)] and solvent-based micro-extraction [Membrane-Mediated Liquid-Phase Micro-extraction (MM-LPME), Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Micro-extraction (DLLME), and Single Drop Micro-extraction (SDME)] developed for quantification of PAHs in environmental, biological and food samples are reviewed. Moreover, recent micro-extraction techniques that have been coupled with other sample extraction strategies are also briefly discussed. The main objectives of these micro-extraction techniques are to perform extraction, pre-concentration and clean up together as one step, and the reduction of the analysis time, cost and solvent following the green chemistry guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- B K K K Jinadasa
- Laboratoire D'étude Des Résidus Et Contaminants Dans Les Aliments (LABERCA), Nantes-Atlantic National College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science, and Engineering (ONIRIS) , Nantes, France
| | - Fabrice Monteau
- Laboratoire D'étude Des Résidus Et Contaminants Dans Les Aliments (LABERCA), Nantes-Atlantic National College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science, and Engineering (ONIRIS) , Nantes, France
| | - Simone Morais
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Instituto Superior De Engenharia Do Porto, Instituto Politécnico Do Porto , Porto, Portugal
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68
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Rodinkov OV, Bugaichenko AS, Moskvin LN. Static Headspace Analysis and Its Current Status. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s106193482001013x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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69
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Spin-column micro-solid phase extraction of chlorophenols using MFU-4l metal-organic framework. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 187:39. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-4023-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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70
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Azizi A, Shahhoseini F, Modir-Rousta A, Bottaro CS. High throughput direct analysis of water using solvothermal headspace desorption with porous thin films. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1087:51-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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71
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Electrospun acrylonitrile butadiene styrene nanofiber film as an efficient nanosorbent for head space thin film microextraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from water and urine samples. Talanta 2019; 205:120080. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.06.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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72
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Abstract
The current clinical and forensic toxicological analysis of body fluids requires a modern approach to sample preparation characterized by high selectivity and enrichment capability, suitability for micro-samples, simplicity and speed, and the possibility of automation and miniaturization, as well as the use of small amounts of reagents, especially toxic solvents. Most of the abovementioned features may be realized using so-called microextraction techniques which cover liquid-phase techniques (e.g., single-drop microextraction, SDME; dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction, DLLME; hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction, HF-LPME) and solid-phase extraction techniques (solid-phase microextraction, SPME; microextraction in packed syringes, MEPS; disposable pipette tip extraction, DPX; stir bar sorption extraction, SBSE). Some other extraction methodologies like dispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE) or magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) can also be easily miniaturized. This review briefly describes and characterizes the abovementioned extraction methods, and then presents their current applications to the preparation of body fluids analyzed for bioactive compounds in combination with appropriate analytical methods, mainly chromatographic and related techniques. The perspectives of the analytical area we are interested in are also indicated.
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Abstract
Biological surfaces such as skin and ocular surface provide a plethora of information about the underlying biological activity of living organisms. However, they pose unique problems arising from their innate complexity, constant exposure of the surface to the surrounding elements, and the general requirement of any sampling method to be as minimally invasive as possible. Therefore, it is challenging but also rewarding to develop novel analytical tools that are suitable for in vivo and in situ sampling from biological surfaces. In this context, wearable extraction devices including passive samplers, extractive patches, and different microextraction technologies come forward as versatile, low-invasive, fast, and reliable sampling and sample preparation tools that are applicable for in vivo and in situ sampling. This review aims to address recent developments in non-invasive in vivo and in situ sampling methods from biological surfaces that introduce new ways and improve upon existing ones. Directions for the development of future technology and potential areas of applications such as clinical, bioanalytical, and doping analyses will also be discussed. These advancements include various types of passive samplers, hydrogels, and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) patches/microarrays, and other wearable extraction devices used mainly in skin sampling, among other novel techniques developed for ocular surface and oral tissue/fluid sampling.
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74
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Saraji M, Tarami M, Mehrafza N. Preparation of a nano-biocomposite film based on halloysite-chitosan as the sorbent for thin film microextraction. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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75
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76
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Abstract
Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted recently considerable attention in analytical sample preparation, particularly when used as novel sorbent materials in solid-phase microextraction (SPME). MOFs are highly ordered porous crystalline structures, full of cavities. They are formed by inorganic centers (metal ion atoms or metal clusters) and organic linkers connected by covalent coordination bonds. Depending on the ratio of such precursors and the synthetic conditions, the characteristics of the resulting MOF vary significantly, thus drifting into a countless number of interesting materials with unique properties. Among astonishing features of MOFs, their high chemical and thermal stability, easy tuneability, simple synthesis, and impressive surface area (which is the highest known), are the most attractive characteristics that makes them outstanding materials in SPME. This review offers an overview on the current state of the use of MOFs in different SPME configurations, in all cases covering extraction devices coated with (or incorporating) MOFs, with particular emphases in their preparation.
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77
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Lashgari M, Singh V, Pawliszyn J. A critical review on regulatory sample preparation methods: Validating solid-phase microextraction techniques. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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78
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Seidi S, Tajik M, Baharfar M, Rezazadeh M. Micro solid-phase extraction (pipette tip and spin column) and thin film solid-phase microextraction: Miniaturized concepts for chromatographic analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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79
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Grandy JJ, Lashgari M, Heide HV, Poole J, Pawliszyn J. Introducing a mechanically robust SPME sampler for the on-site sampling and extraction of a wide range of untargeted pollutants in environmental waters. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 252:825-834. [PMID: 31202135 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study introduces a mechanically robust, sealable SPME sampler for the on-site sampling and extraction of a wide range of untargeted pollutants in environmental waters. Spray-coating and dip coating methodologies were used to coat the surfaces of six stainless steel bolts with a layer of HLB/PAN particles, which served as the extractive substrate in the proposed device. In addition, this sampler was designed to withstand rough handling, long storage times, and various environmental conditions. In order to identify whether the sampler was able to stabilize extracted compounds for long periods of time, the effects of storage time and temperature were evaluated. The results of these tests showed no significant differences in the quantity and quality of the extracted chemicals following 12 days storage at room temperature, thus confirming the device's suitability for use at sampling sites that are far away from the laboratory facilities. The proposed device was also used to perform extraction and untargeted analyses of river waters in five different geographical locations. The constituent chemicals in the samplers were analyzed and determined using high-resolution HPLC-Orbitrap MS. Toxin and Toxin-Target Database was used as a reference database for toxins and environmental contaminants. Ultimately, over 80 tentative chemicals with widely varying hydrophobicities ranging within -2.43 < logP <11.9-including drugs, metabolites, wide ranges of toxins, pesticide, and insecticides-were identified in the samplers used in the different rivers. The log P values for the tentative analytes confirmed that the introduced device is suitable for the extraction and trace analysis of wide ranges of targeted and untargeted pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan J Grandy
- University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L3G1, Canada
| | - Maryam Lashgari
- University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L3G1, Canada
| | - Harmen Vander Heide
- University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L3G1, Canada
| | - Justen Poole
- University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L3G1, Canada
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L3G1, Canada; Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
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80
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Mehrani Z, Ebrahimzadeh H, Asgharinezhad AA, Moradi E. Determination of copper in food and water sources using poly m-phenylenediamine/CNT electrospun nanofiber. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.103975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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81
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Histamine functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (HIS-MNP) as a sorbent for thin film microextraction of endocrine disrupting compounds in aqueous samples and determination by high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1602:41-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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82
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Development, Optimization and Applications of Thin Film Solid Phase Microextraction (TF-SPME) Devices for Thermal Desorption: A Comprehensive Review. SEPARATIONS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/separations6030039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Through the development of solid phase microextraction (SPME) technologies, thin film solid phase microextraction (TF-SPME) has been repeatedly validated as a novel sampling device well suited for various applications. These applications, encompassing a wide range of sampling methods such as onsite, in vivo and routine analysis, benefit greatly from the convenience and sensitivity TF-SPME offers. TF-SPME, having both an increased extraction phase volume and surface area to volume ratio compared to conventional microextraction techniques, allows high extraction rates and enhanced capacity, making it a convenient and ideal sampling tool for ultra-trace level analysis. This review provides a comprehensive discussion on the development of TF-SPME and the applications it has provided thus far. Emphasis is given on its application to thermal desorption, with method development and optimization for this desorption method discussed in detail. Moreover, a detailed outlook on the current progress of TF-SPME development and its future is also discussed with emphasis on its applications to environmental, food and fragrance analysis.
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83
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Mehrani Z, Ebrahimzadeh H, Moradi E. Poly m-aminophenol/ nylon 6/graphene oxide electrospun nanofiber as an efficient sorbent for thin film microextraction of phthalate esters in water and milk solutions preserved in baby bottle. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1600:87-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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84
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Behkami S. Statistical and chemometric view of the variation in the concentration of selected organophosphates in peeled unwashed and unpeeled washed fruits and vegetables. Food Chem 2019; 300:125220. [PMID: 31352288 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Fruits and vegetables play an important role in human nutrition. Study of the contamination sources which result from farming activities is of importance. For this reason, a chitosan-graphene oxide nanocomposite film was prepared and implemented as the extractive phase in thin film microextraction of six organophosphate residues (OPPs) in the samples using high-performance liquid chromatography. The optimized method was validated and the limits of detection (0.7-1.2 µg l-1), limits of quantification (2.3-4.0 µg l-1) and linear dynamic range (2.0-1000.0 µg l-1) were obtained. Principal component analysis revealed clustering of the fruit and vegetable samples based on the selected (OPPs) into two groups of unwashed-unpeeled and peeled-washed. This mapping was further investigated using descriptive method of boxplot. Washing and peeling of the samples, reduced the presence of OPPs to half or one third of interquartile range found in the unpeeled and unwashed samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Behkami
- Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G2W1, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of Najand, Urmia5719883826, Iran.
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85
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Phenyl propyl functionalized hybrid sol–gel reinforced aluminum strip as a thin film microextraction device for the trace quantitation of eight PCBs in liquid foodstuffs. Talanta 2019; 199:547-555. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.02.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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86
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Patinha DJ, Nellepalli P, Vijayakrishna K, Silvestre AJ, Marrucho IM. Poly(ionic liquid) embedded particles as efficient solid phase microextraction phases of polar and aromatic analytes. Talanta 2019; 198:193-199. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.01.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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87
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Cai L, Dong J, Wang Y, Chen X. A review of developments and applications of thin-film microextraction coupled to surface-enhanced Raman scattering. Electrophoresis 2019; 40:2041-2049. [PMID: 31127635 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) greatly expands the applications of Raman spectroscopy and is a promising technique for food safety, environmental analysis, and public safety. Thin-film microextraction (TFME) provides an efficient sample preparation method for SERS to improve its selectivity and detection efficiency. This review comprehensively describes the development and applications of SERS and TFME, including the history, mechanisim, and active substrate of SERS and the theory, device, forms, and practical applications of TFME. The applications of TFME-SERS in food safety and environment monitoring are discussed, which could improve their advantages. TFME extracts and enriches the target analytes to eliminate the interfering substance, providing a facial way for SERS to analyze the target analytes in complex matrices. The development of TFME-SERS technology not only expands the application range of TFME, but greatly improves the anti-interference ability and detection sensitivity of SERS. Thus, the established methods are fast, convenient, and highly sensitive. This technology is potential to be applied in the on-site and real-time detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lemei Cai
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, P. R. China
| | - Jing Dong
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, P. R. China
| | - Yiru Wang
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, P. R. China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, P. R. China
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88
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Mohammadi V, Jafari MT, Saraji M. Flexible/self-supported zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 film as an adsorbent for thin-film microextraction. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.12.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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89
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Shahvar A, Saraji M, Gordan H, Shamsaei D. Combination of paper-based thin film microextraction with smartphone-based sensing for sulfite assay in food samples. Talanta 2019; 197:578-583. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.01.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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90
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Gutiérrez-Serpa A, Schorn-García D, Jiménez-Moreno F, Jiménez-Abizanda AI, Pino V. Braid solid-phase microextraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by using fibers coated with silver-based nanomaterials in combination with HPLC with fluorometric detection. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:311. [PMID: 31037367 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3452-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Authors propose a novel braid support configuration for use in solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fibers. Two different braided supports (double and triple) were prepared and compared with the conventional single support configuration. Three kinds of silver-based nanomaterials that serve as coatings on these supports are described. They included silver dendrites, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), and silver dendrites decorated with AgNPs (Ag-dendrites@AgNPs). They were prepared by electrodeposition, a layer-by-layer (LBL) method, and a hybrid strategy, respectively. Fibers were used in the direct-immersion (DI) mode of SPME. Five polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were studied as model analytes by DI-SPME when analyzing (spiked) underground waters. PAHs were further determined with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and fluorescence detection. The analytical performance of the fibers was compared to that of the commercial polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) fiber of 100 μm thickness. AgNPs obtained by LBL was the best coating and the double braid was the best support configuration. The configuration of the SPME support always played an important role independently on the coating material, being always beneficial the use of double-braids. Despite the low coatings volumes of the silver-based fibers compared to that of PDMS, the analytical features of the method were adequate. Figures of merit include: (a) limits of detection down to 20 ng·L-1; (b) intra-day, inter-day, and inter-fiber precisions (expressed as RSDs) of <13%, <12%, and < 13%, respectively; and (c) adequate operational lifetime (>60 extractions). Graphical abstract Schematic presentation of braided solid-phase microextraction support configurations together with different silver-based nanomaterials as coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Gutiérrez-Serpa
- Departament of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry Division, University of La Laguna (ULL), 38206, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Daniel Schorn-García
- Departament of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry Division, University of La Laguna (ULL), 38206, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Francisco Jiménez-Moreno
- Departament of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry Division, University of La Laguna (ULL), 38206, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
| | - Ana I Jiménez-Abizanda
- Departament of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry Division, University of La Laguna (ULL), 38206, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Verónica Pino
- Departament of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry Division, University of La Laguna (ULL), 38206, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. .,University Institute of Tropical Diseases and Public Health, University of La Laguna (ULL), 38206, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
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91
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do Carmo SN, Merib J, Carasek E. Bract as a novel extraction phase in thin-film SPME combined with 96-well plate system for the high-throughput determination of estrogens in human urine by liquid chromatography coupled to fluorescence detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1118-1119:17-24. [PMID: 31005770 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, an environmentally friendly and high-throughput method was developed for the determination of estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) and estriol (E3) in human urine by liquid chromatography-fluorescence detector (HPLC-FLD). A biosorbent (bract) was proposed as extraction phase for Thin-Film SPME combined with 96-well system. The characterization of the biosorbent was performed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The optimizations were carried out through univariate and multivariate approaches with optimal conditions comprised of urine samples diluted 40-fold, liquid desorption performed in methanol and addition of 20% (w/v) of NaCl in the sample. Considering an extraction/desorption cycle using the 96-well plate system, the sample preparation time was 1.7 min per sample, which contributes to the high-throughput of the method proposed. The analytical parameters of merit were determined and satisfactory results were achieved, including limits of detection ranging from 0.3 μg L-1 for estradiol to 3 μg L-1 for estrone, while limits of quantification varied from 1 μg L-1 for estradiol to 10 μg L-1 for estrone. The correlation coefficients ranged from 0.9947 for estrone to 0.9999 for estriol. The accuracy and intra-assay and intermediate precisions (RSD) were evaluated through extractions in diluted urine samples (40-fold) spiked with each analyte (1, 200 and 400 μg L-1 for E3; 0.1, 200 and 400 μg L-1 for E2; 0.5, 200 and 400 μg L-1 for EE2 and 10, 200 and 400 μg L-1 for E1). The relative recoveries (n = 3) ranged from 71 to 105%, intra-assay precision (n = 3) varied from 1 to 17% and intermediate precision (n = 9) ranged from 2 to 19%. The method developed can be successfully used for the quantification of estrogens in human urine samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Josias Merib
- Departamento de Farmacociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90050170, RS, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Carasek
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040900, SC, Brazil.
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92
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Reyes-Garcés N, Gionfriddo E. Recent developments and applications of solid phase microextraction as a sample preparation approach for mass-spectrometry-based metabolomics and lipidomics. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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93
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Gorynski K. A critical review of solid-phase microextraction applied in drugs of abuse determinations and potential applications for targeted doping testing. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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94
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Abstract
Saliva, as the first body fluid encountering with the exogenous materials, has good correlation with blood and plays an important role in bioanalysis. However, saliva has not been studied as much as the other biological fluids mainly due to restricted access to its large volumes. In recent years, there is a growing interest for saliva analysis owing to the emergence of miniaturized sample preparation methods. The purpose of this paper is to review all microextraction methods and their principles of operation. In the following, we examine the methods used to analyze saliva up to now and discuss the potential of the other microextraction methods for saliva analysis to encourage research groups for more focus on this important subject area.
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95
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Lashgari M, Yamini Y. An overview of the most common lab-made coating materials in solid phase microextraction. Talanta 2019; 191:283-306. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.08.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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96
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Thin film nanofibers containing ZnTiO3 nanoparticles for rapid evaporation of extraction solvent: application to the preconcentration of chlorpyrifos prior to its quantification by ion mobility spectrometry. Mikrochim Acta 2018; 186:35. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-018-3167-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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97
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Development and validation of eco-friendly strategies based on thin film microextraction for water analysis. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1579:20-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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98
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Yan X, Zhan Y, Zhong D, Li Y, Wu D. Electrospun nanofiber cloud for ultrafast solid phase micro-extraction of trace organics in water samples. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1574:42-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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99
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Calderilla C, Maya F, Leal LO, Cerdà V. Recent advances in flow-based automated solid-phase extraction. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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100
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Bee MY, Jastrzembski JA, Sacks GL. Parallel Headspace Extraction onto Etched Sorbent Sheets Prior to Ambient-Ionization Mass Spectrometry for Automated, Trace-Level Volatile Analyses. Anal Chem 2018; 90:13806-13813. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Y. Bee
- Cornell University, Department of Food Science, 411 Tower Road, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Jillian A. Jastrzembski
- Cornell University, Department of Food Science, 411 Tower Road, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Gavin L. Sacks
- Cornell University, Department of Food Science, 411 Tower Road, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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