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Freitag J, Norsworthy C, Wickham J, Shah K, Tenen A. High tibial osteotomy in combination with arthroscopic abrasion arthroplasty and autologous adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell therapy in the treatment of advanced knee osteoarthritis. BMJ Case Rep 2019; 12:12/2/bcr-2018-228003. [PMID: 30733250 PMCID: PMC6381976 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2018-228003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a progressive and debilitating condition. An increasing number of total knee replacements are being performed under the age of 65. Improved understanding of the action of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) has seen renewed interest in their role in cartilage repair. A 43-year-old man presented with grade IV medial compartment knee osteoarthritis. The patient underwent high tibial osteotomy (HTO) and arthroscopic abrasion arthroplasty in combination with adipose-derived MSC therapy. The patient reported improvement in pain and function as measured by validated outcome scores. Repeat MRI including T2 mapping techniques showed hyaline-like cartilage regeneration. This case highlights the potential benefit of surgical interventions including HTO in combination with MSC therapy in early-onset severe osteoarthritis. This technique may considerably delay or prevent the need for total knee replacement in young patients. Further controlled trials are needed to confirm the reproducibility of this outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Freitag
- Charles Sturt University - Orange Campus, Orange, New South Wales, Australia.,Magellan Stem Cells, Box Hill North, Victoria, Australia.,Melbourne Stem Cell Centre, Box Hill North, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - James Wickham
- Charles Sturt University - Orange Campus, Orange, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kiran Shah
- Magellan Stem Cells, Box Hill North, Victoria, Australia
| | - Abi Tenen
- Magellan Stem Cells, Box Hill North, Victoria, Australia.,Melbourne Stem Cell Centre, Box Hill North, Victoria, Australia.,Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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Goncars V, Kalnberzs K, Jakobsons E, Enģele I, Briede I, Blums K, Erglis K, Erglis M, Patetko L, Muiznieks I, Erglis A. Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis with Bone Marrow-Derived Mononuclear Cell Injection: 12-Month Follow-up. Cartilage 2019; 10:26-35. [PMID: 29373926 PMCID: PMC6376566 DOI: 10.1177/1947603517746721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the main symptoms of knee osteoarthritis (OA) and tissue structure changes after a single dose bone marrow-derived mononuclear cell (BM MNC) intra articular injection. Case series study. Patients with knee OA Kellgren Lawrence (K-L) grade II and III received 1 injection of BM MNC. The clinical results were analyzed with the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) and Knee Society Score (KSS) before, 3, 6, and 12 months after injection. Radiological evaluation was performed with a calibrated x-ray and the magnetic resonance (MR) imaging before and 6 to 7 months postinjection. RESULTS A total of 34 knees were treated with BM MNC injections. Mean (±SD) age of patient group was 53.96 ± 14.15 years; there were 16 males, 16 females, KL grade II, 16; KL grade III, 18. The average injected count of BM MNCs was 45.56 ± 34.94 × 106 cells. At the endpoint of 12 months 65% of patients still had minimal perceptible clinical improvement of the KOOS total score. The mean improvement of KOOS total score was +15.3 and of the KSS knee score was +21.45 and the function subscale +27.08 ( P < 0.05) points. The Whole Organ Magnetic Resonance Imaging Score (WORMS) improved from 44.31 to 42.93 points ( P < 0.05). No adverse effects after the BM-MNC injection were observed. CONCLUSIONS The single dose BM MNC partially reduces clinical signs of the knee osteoarthritis stage II/III and in some cases, decreases degenerative changes in the joint building tissue over 12-month period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valdis Goncars
- Latvian State Hospital for Traumatology and Orthopaedics, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia,Valdis Goncars, Kreslinu iela 3, Marupes nov., Mārupe LV 2167, Latvia.
| | - Konstantins Kalnberzs
- Latvian State Hospital for Traumatology and Orthopaedics, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Eriks Jakobsons
- Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Cell Transplantation Centre, Institute of Cardiology, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Ilze Enģele
- Riga East University Hospital, Radiologist, Riga, Latvia
| | - Ieva Briede
- Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Cell Transplantation Centre, Institute of Cardiology, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Kristaps Blums
- Riga East university Hospital, University of Latvia, Latvia
| | - Kristaps Erglis
- Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Cell Transplantation Centre, Institute of Cardiology, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Martins Erglis
- Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Cell Transplantation Centre, Institute of Cardiology, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Liene Patetko
- Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Cell Transplantation Centre, Institute of Cardiology, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Indrikis Muiznieks
- Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Andrejs Erglis
- Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Cell Transplantation Centre, Institute of Cardiology, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
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53
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Damia E, Chicharro D, Lopez S, Cuervo B, Rubio M, Sopena JJ, Vilar JM, Carrillo JM. Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Are They a Good Therapeutic Strategy for Osteoarthritis? Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19071926. [PMID: 29966351 PMCID: PMC6073660 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a major cause of disability in elderly population around the world. More than one-third of people over 65 years old shows either clinical or radiological evidence of OA. There is no effective treatment for this degenerative disease, due to the limited capacity for spontaneous cartilage regeneration. Regarding the use of regenerative therapies, it has been reported that one option to restore degenerated cartilage are adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs). The purpose of this review is to describe and compare the efficacy of ASCs versus other therapies in OA. Methods: Recent studies have shown that ASCs exert paracrine effects protecting against degenerative changes in chondrocytes. According to the above, we have carried out a review of the literature using a combination of osteoarthritis, stem cells, and regenerative therapies as keywords. Results: Conventional pharmacological therapies for OA treatment are considered before the surgical option, however, they do not stop the progression of the disease. Moreover, total joint replacement is not recommended for patients under 55 years, and high tibia osteotomy (HTO) is a viable solution to address lower limb malalignment with concomitant OA, but some complications have been described. In recent years, the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a treatment strategy for OA is increasing considerably, thanks to their capacity to improve symptoms together with joint functionality and, therefore, the patients’ quality of life. Conclusions: ASC therapy has a positive effect on patients with OA, although there is limited evidence and little long-term follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Damia
- Bioregenerative Medicine and Applied Surgery Research Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, CEU Cardenal Herrera University, CEU Universities, C/Tirant lo Blanc, 7, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain.
- Garcia Cugat Foundation CEU UCH Chair of Medicine and Regenerative Surgery, 08006 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Deborah Chicharro
- Bioregenerative Medicine and Applied Surgery Research Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, CEU Cardenal Herrera University, CEU Universities, C/Tirant lo Blanc, 7, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain.
- Garcia Cugat Foundation CEU UCH Chair of Medicine and Regenerative Surgery, 08006 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Sergio Lopez
- Department of Animal Pathology. Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias. University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35416 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
| | - Belen Cuervo
- Bioregenerative Medicine and Applied Surgery Research Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, CEU Cardenal Herrera University, CEU Universities, C/Tirant lo Blanc, 7, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain.
- Garcia Cugat Foundation CEU UCH Chair of Medicine and Regenerative Surgery, 08006 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Monica Rubio
- Bioregenerative Medicine and Applied Surgery Research Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, CEU Cardenal Herrera University, CEU Universities, C/Tirant lo Blanc, 7, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain.
- Garcia Cugat Foundation CEU UCH Chair of Medicine and Regenerative Surgery, 08006 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Joaquin J Sopena
- Bioregenerative Medicine and Applied Surgery Research Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, CEU Cardenal Herrera University, CEU Universities, C/Tirant lo Blanc, 7, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain.
- Garcia Cugat Foundation CEU UCH Chair of Medicine and Regenerative Surgery, 08006 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jose Manuel Vilar
- Garcia Cugat Foundation CEU UCH Chair of Medicine and Regenerative Surgery, 08006 Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Animal Pathology. Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias. University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35416 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
| | - Jose Maria Carrillo
- Bioregenerative Medicine and Applied Surgery Research Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, CEU Cardenal Herrera University, CEU Universities, C/Tirant lo Blanc, 7, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain.
- Garcia Cugat Foundation CEU UCH Chair of Medicine and Regenerative Surgery, 08006 Barcelona, Spain.
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Bilgen B, Jayasuriya CT, Owens BD. Current Concepts in Meniscus Tissue Engineering and Repair. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1701407. [PMID: 29542287 PMCID: PMC6176857 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201701407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The meniscus is the most commonly injured structure in the human knee. Meniscus deficiency has been shown to lead to advanced osteoarthritis (OA) due to abnormal mechanical forces, and replacement strategies for this structure have lagged behind other tissue engineering endeavors. The challenges include the complex 3D structure with individualized size parameters, the significant compressive, tensile and shear loads encountered, and the poor blood supply. In this progress report, a review of the current clinical treatments for different types of meniscal injury is provided. The state-of-the-art research in cellular therapies and novel cell sources for these therapies is discussed. The clinically available cell-free biomaterial implants and the current progress on cell-free biomaterial implants are reviewed. Cell-based tissue engineering strategies for the repair and replacement of meniscus are presented, and the current challenges are identified. Tissue-engineered meniscal biocomposite implants may provide an alternative solution for the treatment of meniscal injury to prevent OA in the long run, because of the limitations of the existing therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahar Bilgen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 1 Hoppin St, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
- Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, 02908, USA
| | - Chathuraka T Jayasuriya
- Department of Orthopaedics, Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 1 Hoppin St, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Brett D Owens
- Department of Orthopaedics, Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 1 Hoppin St, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
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55
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Comparison of Candidate Cell Populations for the Recellularization of Decellularized Heart Valves. Cell Mol Bioeng 2018; 11:197-209. [PMID: 31719886 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-018-0524-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Heart valve tissue engineering may provide improved treatment for valvular heart disease, yet development of a tissue engineered heart valve (TEHV) has been limited by incomplete recellularization of the valve leaflets. In this study, we compare the leaflet recellularization potential of candidate cell populations. Methods Four cell populations were tested: bone marrow mononuclear cells (MNC), 5 million bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), 10 million bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSC2), and 5 million valve interstitial cells (VIC). Candidate cell populations were seeded onto decellularized heart valves and underwent similar conditioning in a low-flow bioreactor for 2 weeks. Results MSC2 valves demonstrated the best recellularization of the interstitial leaflet tissue as well as an appropriate cell phenotype, mechanical properties, and biochemical composition. MSC valves exhibited similar leaflet repopulation, yet had decreased mechanical and biochemical properties. MNC seeding resulted in minimal recellularization of the leaflet, though an additional time point group found cells present after 3 days, which seemed to disappear at 2 weeks. VIC seeding resulted in cell clumping on the leaflet surface and poor recellularization. Conclusions The results of this study suggest mesenchymal stem cells are a preferred cell population for TEHV recellularization. Additionally, MSCs demonstrate the ability for repopulation of the distal valve leaflet, which will lead to more complete recellularization of future TEHVs.
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56
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VeDepo M, Buse E, Quinn R, Hopkins R, Converse G. Extended bioreactor conditioning of mononuclear cell-seeded heart valve scaffolds. J Tissue Eng 2018; 9:2041731418767216. [PMID: 29662670 PMCID: PMC5896845 DOI: 10.1177/2041731418767216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The tissue-engineered heart valve may be the ideal valve replacement option but still must overcome challenges in leaflet recellularization. This study sought to investigate the potential for leaflet matrix restoration and repopulation following mononuclear cell seeding and extended periods of bioreactor conditioning. Human aortic heart valves were seeded with mononuclear cells and conditioned in a pulsatile bioreactor for 3 days, 3 weeks, or 6 weeks. The results of this study determined that a mononuclear cell population can be readily localized within the leaflet tissue in as little as 3 days. Furthermore, as extended bioreactor condition continued to the 3- and 6-week time points, the mesenchymal stem cell subfraction proliferated and appeared to become the predominant cell phenotype. This was evident through positive expression of mesenchymal stem cell markers and no expression of mononuclear cell markers observed by immunohistochemistry in the 3- and 6-week groups. In addition, cells in the 3- and 6-week groups exhibited an up-regulation of mesenchymal stem cell–associated genes (THY1, NT5E, and ITGB1) and a down-regulation of mononuclear cell–associated genes (CD14, ICAM1, and PECAM1) compared to the initial seeded cell population. However, repopulation of the leaflet interstitium was less extensive than anticipated. Valves in the 6-week time point also exhibited retracted leaflets. Thus, while the 3-week bioreactor-conditioning period used in this study may hold some promise, a bioreactor-conditioning period of 6 weeks is not a viable option for clinical translation due to the negative impact on valve performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell VeDepo
- Cardiac Regenerative Surgery Research Laboratories of The Ward Family Heart Center, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA.,Bioengineering Program, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Eric Buse
- Cardiac Regenerative Surgery Research Laboratories of The Ward Family Heart Center, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Rachael Quinn
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Richard Hopkins
- Cardiac Regenerative Surgery Research Laboratories of The Ward Family Heart Center, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Gabriel Converse
- Cardiac Regenerative Surgery Research Laboratories of The Ward Family Heart Center, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
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57
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Patel VS, Ete Chan M, Rubin J, Rubin CT. Marrow Adiposity and Hematopoiesis in Aging and Obesity: Exercise as an Intervention. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2018; 16:105-115. [PMID: 29476393 PMCID: PMC5866776 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-018-0424-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Changes in the bone marrow microenvironment, which accompany aging and obesity, including increased marrow adiposity, can compromise hematopoiesis. Here, we review deleterious shifts in molecular, cellular, and tissue activity and consider the potential of exercise to slow degenerative changes associated with aging and obesity. RECENT FINDINGS While bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) are increased in frequency and myeloid-biased with age, the effect of obesity on HSC proliferation and differentiation remains controversial. HSC from both aged and obese environment have reduced hematopoietic reconstitution capacity following bone marrow transplant. Increased marrow adiposity affects HSC function, causing upregulation of myelopoiesis and downregulation of lymphopoiesis. Exercise, in contrast, can reduce marrow adiposity and restore hematopoiesis. The impact of marrow adiposity on hematopoiesis is determined mainly through correlations. Mechanistic studies are needed to determine a causative relationship between marrow adiposity and declines in hematopoiesis, which could aid in developing treatments for conditions that arise from disruptions in the marrow microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vihitaben S Patel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-2580, USA
| | - M Ete Chan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-2580, USA
| | - Janet Rubin
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Clinton T Rubin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-2580, USA.
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58
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Menéndez-Menéndez Y, Otero-Hernández J, Vega JA, Pérez-Basterrechea M, Pérez-López S, Álvarez-Viejo M, Ferrero-Gutiérrez A. The role of bone marrow mononuclear cell-conditioned medium in the proliferation and migration of human dermal fibroblasts. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2017; 22:29. [PMID: 29270201 PMCID: PMC5735620 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-017-0055-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several recent studies have demonstrated the great potential of bone marrow cells in regenerative medicine, not only for their ability to differentiate to match a damaged cell type, but also because they synthesize and release various growth factors and cytokines. We examined the effect of bone marrow cell-conditioned medium in the healing process, especially in terms of fibroblast proliferation and migration. Methods These in vitro studies consisted of co-culture (without direct contact) of dermal fibroblasts with mononuclear bone marrow cells and the use of conditioned medium obtained from these cultures in a scratch wound model. Results Mononuclear cells were found to increase the proliferation of fibroblasts, and the conditioned medium showed a stimulatory effect on the migration of fibroblasts. Conclusion When considered together with the observed increase in growth factor levels in conditioned medium, it appears that these cells act through a paracrine mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Menéndez-Menéndez
- Unidad de Coordinación de Trasplantes, Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Jesús Otero-Hernández
- Unidad de Coordinación de Trasplantes, Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Jose Antonio Vega
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco, Chile
| | - Marcos Pérez-Basterrechea
- Unidad de Coordinación de Trasplantes, Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Silvia Pérez-López
- Unidad de Coordinación de Trasplantes, Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - María Álvarez-Viejo
- Unidad de Coordinación de Trasplantes, Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Amaia Ferrero-Gutiérrez
- Unidad de Coordinación de Trasplantes, Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
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59
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Cagnan I, Gunel-Ozcan A, Aerts-Kaya F, Ameziane N, Kuskonmaz B, Dorsman J, Gumruk F, Uckan D. Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Carrying FANCD2 Mutation Differ from the Other Fanconi Anemia Complementation Groups in Terms of TGF-β1 Production. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2017; 14:425-437. [DOI: 10.1007/s12015-017-9794-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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60
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Dall'Oca C, Cengarle M, Costanzo A, Giannini N, Vacchiano A, Magnan B. Current concepts in treatment of early knee osteoarthritis and osteochondral lesions; the role of biological augmentations. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2017. [PMID: 29083347 PMCID: PMC6357662 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v88i4-s.6788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Early knee osteoarthritis and chondral lesions are a common cause of disability in younger patients. Surgical options, such as microfractures, ACI and OAT, provide good, but not fully satisfying, outcomes. Recent advance in biological knowledge introduced two different methodological approaches of delivering growth factors and stem cells into the articular environment. Platelet-Rich Plasma and Mesenchimal Stem Cells are supposed to change the way to approach early knee osteoarthritis and chondral lesions, though their indications and limits are yet to be determined.
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61
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Dall'Oca C, Cengarle M, Costanzo A, Giannini N, Vacchiano A, Magnan B. Current concepts in treatment of early knee osteoarthritis and osteochondral lesions; the role of biological augmentations. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2017; 88:5-10. [PMID: 29083347 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v88i4 -s.6788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Early knee osteoarthritis and chondral lesions are a common cause of disability in younger patients. Surgical options, such as microfractures, ACI and OAT, provide good, but not fully satisfying, outcomes. Recent advance in biological knowledge introduced two different methodological approaches of delivering growth factors and stem cells into the articular environment. Platelet-Rich Plasma and Mesenchimal Stem Cells are supposed to change the way to approach early knee osteoarthritis and chondral lesions, though their indications and limits are yet to be determined.
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62
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Freitag J, Li D, Wickham J, Shah K, Tenen A. Effect of autologous adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell therapy in the treatment of a post-traumatic chondral defect of the knee. BMJ Case Rep 2017; 2017:bcr-2017-220852. [PMID: 29038190 PMCID: PMC5652344 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2017-220852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Isolated chondral defects have a limited capacity to heal and predispose to the development of osteoarthritis. Current surgical management can be unpredictable in outcome. Improved understanding of the action of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has seen renewed interest in their role in cartilage repair. A 26-year-old athlete presented with a post-traumatic, isolated patella chondral defect. The patient underwent an arthroscopy with removal of a chondral loose body. After failure to symptomatically improve 12 months following surgery, the patient received intra-articular autologous adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (ADMSC) therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Freitag
- Melbourne Stem Cell Centre, Box Hill, Victoria, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University-Orange Campus, Orange, New South Wales, Australia.,Magellan Stem Cells, Box Hill North, Victoria, Australia
| | - Douglas Li
- Orthopaedic Associates Melbourne, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - James Wickham
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University-Orange Campus, Orange, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kiran Shah
- Magellan Stem Cells, Box Hill North, Victoria, Australia
| | - Abi Tenen
- Magellan Stem Cells, Box Hill North, Victoria, Australia.,Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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63
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Zhou Y, Tsai TL, Li WJ. Strategies to retain properties of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells ex vivo. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2017; 1409:3-17. [PMID: 28984359 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been extensively used for cell therapies and tissue engineering. The current MSC strategy requires a large quantity of cells for such applications, which can be achieved through cell expansion in culture. In the body, stem cell fate is largely determined by their microenvironment, known as the niche. The complex and dynamic stem cell niche provides physical, mechanical, and chemical cues to collaboratively regulate cell activities. It remains a great challenge to maintain the properties of MSCs in culture. Constructing a microenvironment as an engineered stem cell niche in culture to maintain MSC phenotypes, properties, and functions is a viable strategy to address the issue. Here, we review the current understanding of MSC behavior in the bone marrow niche, describe different strategies to engineer an in vitro microenvironment for maintaining MSC properties and functions, and discuss previous findings on environmental factors critical to the modulation of MSC activities in engineered microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxian Zhou
- Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Tsung-Lin Tsai
- Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Wan-Ju Li
- Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
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64
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Davies BM, Snelling SJB, Quek L, Hakimi O, Ye H, Carr A, Price AJ. Identifying the optimum source of mesenchymal stem cells for use in knee surgery. J Orthop Res 2017; 35:1868-1875. [PMID: 27935105 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Single sitting procedures where the mononuclear cell fraction is extracted from bone marrow and implanted directly into cartilage and bone defects are becoming more popular as novel treatments for cartilage defects which have, until now had few treatment options. This is on the basis that the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) contained within will repair the damaged tissue. This study sought to determine if the femur and tibia could provide equivalent amounts of mesenchymal stem cells, with equivalent viability and proliferative capacity, to that obtained from the gold standard of the pelvis in order to potentially reduce the morbidity associated with these procedures. Bone marrow was extracted from the pelvis, femur, and tibia of human subjects. The mononuclear cell fraction was extracted and cultured in the laboratory. Mesenchymal stem cell populations were assessed using a colony forming unit count. Viability was assessed using a PrestoBlue viability assay. Population doubling number was calculated between the end of passage 0 and passage three to determine the proliferative abilities of the different populations. Finally, the cell surface phenotype of the cells was determined by flow cytometry. The results showed that the pelvis was superior to the femur and tibia in terms of the number of stem cells isolated. There was no statistically significant difference in the phenotype of the cells isolated from different locations. This work shows that when undertaking single sitting procedures, the pelvis remains the optimum source for obtaining MSCs, despite the morbidity associated with bone marrow collection from the pelvis. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:1868-1875, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Davies
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, England, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah J B Snelling
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, England, United Kingdom
| | - Lynn Quek
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, England, United Kingdom
| | - Osnat Hakimi
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, England, United Kingdom
| | - Hua Ye
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, England, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Carr
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, England, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Price
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, England, United Kingdom
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Freitag J, Shah K, Wickham J, Boyd R, Tenen A. The effect of autologous adipose derived mesenchymal stem cell therapy in the treatment of a large osteochondral defect of the knee following unsuccessful surgical intervention of osteochondritis dissecans - a case study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2017; 18:298. [PMID: 28705162 PMCID: PMC5513163 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-017-1658-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A prospective analysis of the effect of autologous adipose derived mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy in the treatment of an osteochondral defect of the knee with early progressive osteoarthritis following unsuccessful surgical intervention of osteochondritis dissecans (OCD). Case presentation After failed conventional management of OCD a patient undergoes intra-articular MSC therapy. Patient outcome measures included the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) and the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS). Structural outcome was assessed using MRI with the novel technique of T2 mapping used to indicate cartilage quality. Following MSC therapy the patient reported improvement in pain and function as measured by NPRS, WOMAC and KOOS. Repeat MRI analysis showed regeneration of cartilage. MRI T2 mapping indicated hyaline like cartilage regrowth. Conclusion In this report, the use of MSCs, after unsuccessful conventional OCD management, resulted in structural, functional and pain improvement. These results highlight the need to further study the regenerative potential of MSC therapy. Trial registration Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry Number - ACTRN12615000258550 (Date registered 19/03/2015 – retrospectively registered).
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Goncars V, Jakobsons E, Blums K, Briede I, Patetko L, Erglis K, Erglis M, Kalnberzs K, Muiznieks I, Erglis A. The comparison of knee osteoarthritis treatment with single-dose bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells vs. hyaluronic acid injections. MEDICINA-LITHUANIA 2017; 53:101-108. [PMID: 28416171 DOI: 10.1016/j.medici.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Revised: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare treatment methods of the knee joint degenerative osteoarthritis, using autologous bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells and hyaluronic acid injections and observe prevalence of adverse effects in both groups. MATERIALS AND METHODS A prospective randomized controlled clinical trial was carried out. The analysis of pain and changes in osteoarthritis symptoms after a single intra-articular bone marrow-derived mononuclear cell injection into the knee joint in the Kellgren-Lawrence stage II-III osteoarthritis during the 12-month period were performed. The results were compared with the control group treated routinely by hyaluronic acid injections therapy. A therapy group of patients (n=28) received single bone marrow-derived mononuclear cell intra-articular injections. A control group of patients (n=28) was treated with a total of three sodium hyaluronate intra-articular injections each one performed a week apart. The clinical results were obtained using the Knee Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) and the Knee Society Score (KSS) before and 3, 6, and 12 months after injection. RESULTS A statistically significant improvement was observed in the mononuclear cell group over the starting point in all scores. At the endpoint at month 12, the KOOS score improved significantly (P<0.05) on the pain subscale (+25.44), activity and daily living subscale (+21.36), quality of life subscale (+28.83), and total KOOS (+18.25). The KSS score also demonstrated a significant improvement on the symptoms subscale (+25.42) and the function subscale (+38.32) (P<0.001). The KOOS symptoms and sports subscales improved without statistical significance. The difference between the control group treated with hyaluronic acid versus the bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells group at time points 6 and 12 months demonstrated a statistically significant (P<0.05) superiority in the KOOS pain subscale over the hyaluronic acid group. In both groups serious adverse effects were not observed. CONCLUSIONS The intra-articular injection of bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells is a safe manipulation with no side effects during the 12-month period. This treatment provides statistically significant clinical improvement between the starting point and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after. When compared to hyaluronic acid treatment, better pain relief in the long-term period of mononuclear cell group was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valdis Goncars
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia; Latvian State Hospital for Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Riga, Latvia.
| | - Eriks Jakobsons
- Research Institute of Cardiology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia; Cell Transplantation Centre Pauls, Scientific Institute, Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
| | - Kristaps Blums
- Faculty of Medicine, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Ieva Briede
- Cell Transplantation Centre Pauls, Scientific Institute, Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia; Latvian Centre of Cardiology, Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
| | - Liene Patetko
- Research Institute of Cardiology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia; Cell Transplantation Centre Pauls, Scientific Institute, Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
| | - Kristaps Erglis
- Research Institute of Cardiology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia; Cell Transplantation Centre Pauls, Scientific Institute, Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
| | - Martins Erglis
- Research Institute of Cardiology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia; Cell Transplantation Centre Pauls, Scientific Institute, Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
| | - Konstantins Kalnberzs
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia; Latvian State Hospital for Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Riga, Latvia
| | - Indrikis Muiznieks
- Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Andrejs Erglis
- Research Institute of Cardiology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia; Cell Transplantation Centre Pauls, Scientific Institute, Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia; Latvian Centre of Cardiology, Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
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Park YB, Ha CW, Lee CH, Park YG. Restoration of a large osteochondral defect of the knee using a composite of umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells and hyaluronic acid hydrogel: a case report with a 5-year follow-up. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2017; 18:59. [PMID: 28148266 PMCID: PMC5288855 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-017-1422-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The treatment of articular cartilage defects is a therapeutic challenge for orthopaedic surgeons. Furthermore, large osteochondral defects needs restoration of the underlying bone for sufficient biomechanical characteristics as well as the overlying cartilage. Case presentation A symptomatic large osteochondral defect in the knee joint was restored using a composite of umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UCB-MSCs) 0.5 x 107/ml and 4% hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel. Significant improvements in pain and function of the knee joint were identified by the evaluation at 12 months after surgery. A hyaline-like cartilage completely filled the defect and was congruent with the surrounding normal cartilage as revealed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a second-look arthroscopy and histological assessment. The improved clinical outcomes maintained until 5.5 years. MRI also showed the maintenance of the restored bony and cartilaginous tissues. Conclusion This case report suggests that the composite of allogeneic UCB-MSCs and HA hydrogel can be considered a safe and effective treatment option for large osteochondral defects of the knee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Beom Park
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, 102 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06973, South Korea
| | - Chul-Won Ha
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, South Korea. .,Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, South Korea. .,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Choong-Hee Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
| | - Yong-Geun Park
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, 15 Aran 13-gil, Jeju-si, 63241, South Korea
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Wise JK, Alford AI, Goldstein SA, Stegemann JP. Synergistic enhancement of ectopic bone formation by supplementation of freshly isolated marrow cells with purified MSC in collagen-chitosan hydrogel microbeads. Connect Tissue Res 2016; 57:516-525. [PMID: 26337827 PMCID: PMC4864208 DOI: 10.3109/03008207.2015.1072519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) can differentiate osteogenic lineages, but their tissue regeneration ability is inconsistent. The bone marrow mononuclear cell (BMMC) fraction of adult bone marrow contains a variety of progenitor cells that may potentiate tissue regeneration. This study examined the utility of BMMC, both alone and in combination with purified MSC, as a cell source for bone regeneration. METHODS Fresh BMMC, culture-expanded MSC, and a combination of BMMC and MSC were encapsulated in collagen-chitosan hydrogel microbeads for pre-culture and minimally invasive delivery. Microbeads were cultured in growth medium for 3 days, and then in either growth or osteogenic medium for 17 days prior to subcutaneous injection in the rat dorsum. RESULTS MSC remained viable in microbeads over 17 days in pre-culture, while some of the BMMC fraction were nonviable. After 5 weeks of implantation, microCT and histology showed that supplementation of BMMC with MSC produced a strong synergistic effect on the volume of ectopic bone formation, compared to either cell source alone. Microbeads containing only fresh BMMC or only cultured MSC maintained in osteogenic medium resulted in more bone formation than their counterparts cultured in growth medium. Histological staining showed evidence of residual microbead matrix in undifferentiated samples and indications of more advanced tissue remodeling in differentiated samples. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that components of the BMMC fraction can act synergistically with predifferentiated MSC to potentiate ectopic bone formation. The microbead system may have utility in delivering desired cell populations in bone regeneration applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel K. Wise
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Andrea I. Alford
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Steven A. Goldstein
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jan P. Stegemann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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El-Badrawy MK, Shalabi NM, Mohamed MA, Ragab A, Abdelwahab HW, Anber N, Sobh MA, Khater Y, Hamid AAA. The Effect of Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells on Lung Regeneration and Apoptosis in a Simple Model of Pulmonary Emphysema. Int J Stem Cells 2016; 9:145-51. [PMID: 27426096 PMCID: PMC4961114 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc.2016.9.1.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In severe chronic stages of emphysema the only treatment is lung transplantation. SO, an urgent need exists for the development of effective treatments. Stem cells therapy arises as a new therapeutic approach. Aim of the Work To investigate whether bone marrow mononuclar cells (BMMNCs) can promote lung regeneration and decrease apoptosis in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced pulmonary emphysema in C57Bl/6 mice. Material and Methods 14 weeks old female mice (C57Bl/6), weighing around 25 g were used in this study. The mice were divided into 4 groups (10 in each group): group A: mice received no treatment, group B: mice received intranasal instillation of LPS with no further treatment, group C: mice received intranasal instillation of LPS then given a dose of BMMNCs and evaluated 21 days later and group D: the mice that received intranasal instillation of LPS then given a dose of Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM) and evaluated 21 days later. Imaging analysis was done using imagej program. To measure apoptotic index, Anti–caspase 3 polyclonal antibody staining was done. Results Analysis of the mean of airspace equivalent diameters (D0) and its statistical distribution (D1) for the different groups allowed to observe that group treated with BMMNCs (group C) showed the significant improvement in D0 and D1 than the group received LPS only (group B). Analysis of apoptotic index showed significant difference between BMMNCs treated group (group C) and that received LPS only (group B). Conclusions BMMNCs effectively promote lung regeneration and reduction of apoptosis in pulmonary emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mie A Mohamed
- Department of Pathology, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Amany Ragab
- Department of Chest Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | | | - Nahla Anber
- Fellow of Biochemistry, Emergency Hospital, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Sobh
- Department of Zoology, faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Yomna Khater
- Medical Experimental Research Center, Mansoura University, Egypt
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Singh A, Singh A, Sen D. Mesenchymal stem cells in cardiac regeneration: a detailed progress report of the last 6 years (2010-2015). Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:82. [PMID: 27259550 PMCID: PMC4893234 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0341-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells have been used for cardiovascular regenerative therapy for decades. These cells have been established as one of the potential therapeutic agents, following several tests in animal models and clinical trials. In the process, various sources of mesenchymal stem cells have been identified which help in cardiac regeneration by either revitalizing the cardiac stem cells or revascularizing the arteries and veins of the heart. Although mesenchymal cell therapy has achieved considerable admiration, some challenges still remain that need to be overcome in order to establish it as a successful technique. This in-depth review is an attempt to summarize the major sources of mesenchymal stem cells involved in myocardial regeneration, the significant mechanisms involved in the process with a focus on studies (human and animal) conducted in the last 6 years and the challenges that remain to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aastha Singh
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India
| | - Abhishek Singh
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India
| | - Dwaipayan Sen
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India. .,Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory, Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics (CBCMT), VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Freitag J, Bates D, Boyd R, Shah K, Barnard A, Huguenin L, Tenen A. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy in the treatment of osteoarthritis: reparative pathways, safety and efficacy - a review. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2016; 17:230. [PMID: 27229856 PMCID: PMC4880954 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-016-1085-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a leading cause of pain and disability across the world. With an aging population its prevalence is likely to further increase. Current accepted medical treatment strategies are aimed at symptom control rather than disease modification. Surgical options including joint replacement are not without possible significant complications. A growing interest in the area of regenerative medicine, led by an improved understanding of the role of mesenchymal stem cells in tissue homeostasis and repair, has seen recent focused efforts to explore the potential of stem cell therapies in the active management of symptomatic osteoarthritis. Encouragingly, results of pre-clinical and clinical trials have provided initial evidence of efficacy and indicated safety in the therapeutic use of mesenchymal stem cell therapies for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis. This paper explores the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis and how mesenchymal stem cells may play a role in future management strategies of this disabling condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Freitag
- Melbourne Stem Cell Centre, Level 2, 116-118 Thames St, Box Hill North, VIC, 3128, Australia.
| | - Dan Bates
- Melbourne Stem Cell Centre, Level 2, 116-118 Thames St, Box Hill North, VIC, 3128, Australia
| | | | - Kiran Shah
- Magellan Stem Cells, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Leesa Huguenin
- Melbourne Stem Cell Centre, Level 2, 116-118 Thames St, Box Hill North, VIC, 3128, Australia
| | - Abi Tenen
- Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Ouchi T, Morikawa S, Shibata S, Fukuda K, Okuno H, Fujimura T, Kuroda T, Ohyama M, Akamatsu W, Nakagawa T, Okano H. LNGFR +THY-1 + human pluripotent stem cell-derived neural crest-like cells have the potential to develop into mesenchymal stem cells. Differentiation 2016; 92:270-280. [PMID: 27178356 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are defined as non-hematopoietic, plastic-adherent, self-renewing cells that are capable of tri-lineage differentiation into bone, cartilage or fat in vitro. Thus, MSCs are promising candidates for cell-based medicine. However, classifications of MSCs have been defined retrospectively; moreover, this conventional criterion may be inaccurate due to contamination with other hematopoietic lineage cells. Human MSCs can be enriched by selection for LNGFR and THY-1, and this population may be analogous to murine PDGFRα+Sca-1+ cells, which are developmentally derived from neural crest cells (NCCs). Murine NCCs were labeled by fluorescence, which provided definitive proof of neural crest lineage, however, technical considerations prevent the use of a similar approach to determine the origin of human LNGFR+THY-1+ MSCs. To further clarify the origin of human MSCs, human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were used in this study. Under culture conditions required for the induction of neural crest cells, human ESCs and iPSCs-derived cells highly expressed LNGFR and THY-1. These LNGFR+THY-1+ neural crest-like cells, designated as LT-NCLCs, showed a strong potential to differentiate into both mesenchymal and neural crest lineages. LT-NCLCs proliferated to form colonies and actively migrated in response to serum concentration. Furthermore, we transplanted LT-NCLCs into chick embryos, and traced their potential for survival, migration and differentiation in the host environment. These results suggest that LNGFR+THY-1+ cells identified following NCLC induction from ESCs/iPSCs shared similar potentials with multipotent MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehito Ouchi
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Morikawa
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Shibata
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kimiko Fukuda
- Department of Biological Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironobu Okuno
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takumi Fujimura
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Kuroda
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manabu Ohyama
- Department of Dermatology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wado Akamatsu
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Center for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taneaki Nakagawa
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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El‐Jawhari JJ, Sanjurjo‐Rodríguez C, Jones E, Giannoudis PV. Collagen-containing scaffolds enhance attachment and proliferation of non-cultured bone marrow multipotential stromal cells. J Orthop Res 2016; 34:597-606. [PMID: 26466765 PMCID: PMC5063164 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Large bone defects are ideally treated with autografts, which have many limitations. Therefore, osteoconductive scaffolds loaded with autologous bone marrow (BM) aspirate are increasingly used as alternatives. The purpose of this study was to compare the growth of multipotential stromal cells (MSCs) from unprocessed BM on a collagen-containing bovine bone scaffold (Orthoss(®) Collagen) with a non-collagen-containing bovine bone scaffold, Orthoss(®) . Another collagen-containing synthetic scaffold, Vitoss(®) was included in the comparison. Colonization of scaffolds by BM MSCs (n = 23 donors) was evaluated using microscopy, colony forming unit-fibroblast assay and flow-cytometry. The number of BM MSCs initially attached to Orthoss(®) Collagen and Vitoss(®) was similar but greater than Orthoss(®) (p = 0.001 and p = 0.041, respectively). Furthermore, the number of MSCs released from Orthoss(®) Collagen and Vitoss(®) after 2-week culture was also higher compared to Orthoss(®) (p = 0.010 and p = 0.023, respectively). Interestingly, collagen-containing scaffolds accommodated larger numbers of lymphocytic and myelomonocytic cells. Additionally, the proliferation of culture-expanded MSCs on Orthoss(®) collagen and Vitoss(®) was greater compared to Orthoss(®) (p = 0.047 and p = 0.004, respectively). Collectively, collagen-containing scaffolds were superior in supporting the attachment and proliferation of MSCs when they were loaded with unprocessed BM aspirates. This highlights the benefit of collagen incorporation into bone scaffolds for use with autologous bone marrow aspirates as autograft substitutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jehan J. El‐Jawhari
- Academic Unit of Musculoskeletal DiseaseLeeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal MedicineSt. James University HospitalUniversity of LeedsLS9 7TFLeedsUnited Kingdom,NIHRLeeds Biomedical Research UnitChapel Allerton HospitalUniversity of LeedsLS7 4SALeedsUnited Kingdom
| | - Clara Sanjurjo‐Rodríguez
- Academic Unit of Musculoskeletal DiseaseLeeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal MedicineSt. James University HospitalUniversity of LeedsLS9 7TFLeedsUnited Kingdom
| | - Elena Jones
- Academic Unit of Musculoskeletal DiseaseLeeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal MedicineSt. James University HospitalUniversity of LeedsLS9 7TFLeedsUnited Kingdom,NIHRLeeds Biomedical Research UnitChapel Allerton HospitalUniversity of LeedsLS7 4SALeedsUnited Kingdom
| | - Peter V. Giannoudis
- Academic Unit of Musculoskeletal DiseaseLeeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal MedicineSt. James University HospitalUniversity of LeedsLS9 7TFLeedsUnited Kingdom,NIHRLeeds Biomedical Research UnitChapel Allerton HospitalUniversity of LeedsLS7 4SALeedsUnited Kingdom
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Jungebluth P, Holzgraefe B, Lim ML, Duru AD, Lundin V, Heldring N, Wiklander OPB, Nordin JZ, Chrobok M, Roderburg C, Sjöqvist S, Anderstam B, Beltrán Rodríguez A, Haag JC, Gustafsson Y, Roddewig KG, Jones P, Wood MJA, Luedde T, Teixeira AI, Hermanson O, Winqvist O, Kalzén H, El Andaloussi S, Alici E, Macchiarini P. Autologous Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells as Treatment in Refractory Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Respiration 2015; 90:481-492. [PMID: 26613253 DOI: 10.1159/000441799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a devastating disorder. Despite enormous efforts in clinical research, effective treatment options are lacking, and mortality rates remain unacceptably high. OBJECTIVES A male patient with severe ARDS showed no clinical improvement with conventional therapies. Hence, an emergent experimental intervention was performed. METHODS We performed intratracheal administration of autologous peripheral blood-derived mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and erythropoietin (EPO). RESULTS We found that after 2 days of initial PBMC/EPO application, lung function improved and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support was reduced. Bronchoscopy and serum inflammatory markers revealed reduced inflammation. Additionally, serum concentration of miR-449a, b, c and miR-34a, a transient upregulation of E-cadherin and associated chromatin marks in PBMCs indicated airway epithelial differentiation. Extracellular vesicles from PBMCs demonstrated anti-inflammatory capacity in a TNF-α-mediated nuclear factor-x03BA;B in vitro assay. Despite improving respiratory function, the patient died of multisystem organ failure on day 38 of ECMO treatment. CONCLUSIONS This case report provides initial encouraging evidence to use locally instilled PBMC/EPO for treatment of severe refractory ARDS. The observed clinical improvement may partially be due to the anti-inflammatory effects of PBMC/EPO to promote tissue regeneration. Further studies are needed for more in-depth understanding of the underlying mechanisms of in vivo regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Jungebluth
- Division of Ear, Nose and Throat, Advanced Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Department for Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
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75
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Tanowitz HB, Machado FS, Spray DC, Friedman JM, Weiss OS, Lora JN, Nagajyothi J, Moraes DN, Garg NJ, Nunes MCP, Ribeiro ALP. Developments in the management of Chagas cardiomyopathy. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2015; 13:1393-409. [PMID: 26496376 DOI: 10.1586/14779072.2015.1103648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Over 100 years have elapsed since the discovery of Chagas disease and there is still much to learn regarding pathogenesis and treatment. Although there are antiparasitic drugs available, such as benznidazole and nifurtimox, they are not totally reliable and often toxic. A recently released negative clinical trial with benznidazole in patients with chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy further reinforces the concerns regarding its effectiveness. New drugs and new delivery systems, including those based on nanotechnology, are being sought. Although vaccine development is still in its infancy, the reality of a therapeutic vaccine remains a challenge. New ECG methods may help to recognize patients prone to developing malignant ventricular arrhythmias. The management of heart failure, stroke and arrhythmias also remains a challenge. Although animal experiments have suggested that stem cell based therapy may be therapeutic in the management of heart failure in Chagas cardiomyopathy, clinical trials have not been promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert B Tanowitz
- a Department of Pathology , Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx , NY , USA.,b Department of Medicine , Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx , NY , USA
| | - Fabiana S Machado
- c Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Science , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil.,d Program in Health Sciences: Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical School , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil
| | - David C Spray
- b Department of Medicine , Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx , NY , USA.,e Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience , Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx , NY , USA
| | - Joel M Friedman
- f Department of Physiology & Biophysics , Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx , NY , USA
| | - Oren S Weiss
- a Department of Pathology , Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx , NY , USA
| | - Jose N Lora
- a Department of Pathology , Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx , NY , USA
| | - Jyothi Nagajyothi
- g Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School , Rutgers University , Newark , NJ , USA
| | - Diego N Moraes
- d Program in Health Sciences: Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical School , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil.,h Department of Internal Medicine and University Hospital , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil
| | - Nisha Jain Garg
- i Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Institute for Human Infections and Immunity , University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston , TX , USA
| | - Maria Carmo P Nunes
- d Program in Health Sciences: Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical School , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil.,h Department of Internal Medicine and University Hospital , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil
| | - Antonio Luiz P Ribeiro
- d Program in Health Sciences: Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical School , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil.,h Department of Internal Medicine and University Hospital , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil
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76
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Busser H, Najar M, Raicevic G, Pieters K, Velez Pombo R, Philippart P, Meuleman N, Bron D, Lagneaux L. Isolation and Characterization of Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Subpopulations: Comparison of Bone Marrow and Adipose Tissue. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:2142-57. [PMID: 26086188 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2015.0172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Preparations of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are generally obtained from unfractionated tissue cells, resulting in heterogeneous cell mixtures. Several markers were proposed to enrich these cells, but the majority of these markers are defined for bone marrow (BM). Moreover, the surface markers of freshly isolated MSCs also differ from those of cultured MSCs in addition to a phenotypic variation depending on the MSC source. For tissue engineering applications, it is crucial to start with a well-defined cell population. In this study, we performed immunomagnetic selections with five single surface markers to isolate MSC subpopulations from BM and adipose tissue (AT): CD271, SUSD2, MSCA-1, CD44, and CD34. We determined the phenotype, the clonogenicity, the proliferation, the differentiation capacity, and the immunoregulatory profile of the subpopulations obtained in comparison with unselected cells. We showed that native BM-MSCs can be enriched from the positive fractions of MSCA-1, SUSD2, and CD271 selections. In contrast, we observed that SUSD2 and MSCA-1 were unable to identify MSCs from AT, meaning they are not expressed in situ. Only the CD34(+) selection successfully isolated MSCs from AT. Interestingly, we observed that CD271 selection can define AT cell subsets with particular abilities, but only in lipoaspiration samples and not in abdominoplasty samples. Importantly, we found a population of clear CD34(+) fresh BM-MSCs displaying different properties. A single marker-based selection for MSC enrichment should be more advantageous for cell therapy and would enable the standardization of efficient and safe therapeutic intervention through the use of a well-identified and homogeneous cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Busser
- 1 Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mehdi Najar
- 1 Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gordana Raicevic
- 1 Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karlien Pieters
- 1 Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rafael Velez Pombo
- 2 Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Iris South Hospitals (HIS) , Joseph Bracops Site, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Philippart
- 3 Department of Stomatology and Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Iris South Hospitals (HIS) , Joseph Bracops Site, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Dominique Bron
- 4 Hematology, Jules Bordet Institute , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laurence Lagneaux
- 1 Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles , Brussels, Belgium
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77
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Coimbra LS, Steffens JP, Alsadun S, Albiero ML, Rossa C, Pignolo RJ, Spolidorio LC, Graves DT. Clopidogrel Enhances Mesenchymal Stem Cell Proliferation Following Periodontitis. J Dent Res 2015. [PMID: 26220958 DOI: 10.1177/0022034515598273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone formation is dependent on the differentiation of osteoblasts from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In addition to serving as progenitors, MSCs reduce inflammation and produce factors that stimulate tissue formation. Upon injury, MSCs migrate to the periodontium, where they contribute to regeneration. We examined the effect of clopidogrel and aspirin on MSCs following induction of periodontitis in rats by placement of ligatures. We showed that after the removal of ligatures, which induces resolution of periodontal inflammation, clopidogrel had a significant effect on reducing the inflammatory infiltrate. It also increased the number of osteoblasts and MSCs. Mechanistically, the latter was linked to increased proliferation of MSCs in vivo and in vitro. When given prior to inducing periodontitis, clopidogrel had little effect on MSC or osteoblasts numbers. Applying aspirin before or after induction of periodontitis did not have a significant effect on the parameters measured. These results suggest that clopidogrel may have a positive effect on MSCs in conditions where a reparative process has been initiated.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Coimbra
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Faculdade de Odontologia de Araraquara, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista-Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J P Steffens
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Faculdade de Odontologia de Araraquara, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista-Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S Alsadun
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - M L Albiero
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - C Rossa
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Faculdade de Odontologia de Araraquara, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista-Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R J Pignolo
- Department of Medicine and Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - L C Spolidorio
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Faculdade de Odontologia de Araraquara, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista-Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - D T Graves
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Álvarez-Viejo M, Menéndez-Menéndez Y, Otero-Hernández J. CD271 as a marker to identify mesenchymal stem cells from diverse sources before culture. World J Stem Cells 2015; 7:470-476. [PMID: 25815130 PMCID: PMC4369502 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v7.i2.470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells, due to their characteristics are ideal candidates for cellular therapy. Currently, in culture these cells are defined by their adherence to plastic, specific surface antigen expression and multipotent differentiation potential. However, the in vivo identification of mesenchymal stem cells, before culture, is not so well established. Pre-culture identification markers would ensure higher purity than that obtained with selection based on adherence to plastic. Up until now, CD271 has been described as the most specific marker for the characterization and purification of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. This marker has been shown to be specifically expressed by these cells. Thus, CD271 has been proposed as a versatile marker to selectively isolated and expand multipotent mesenchymal stem cells with both immunosuppressive and lymphohematopoietic engraftment-promoting properties. This review focuses on this marker, specifically on identification of mesenchymal stem cells from different tissues. Literature revision suggests that CD271 should not be defined as a universal marker to identify mesenchymal stem cells before culture from different sources. In the case of bone marrow or adipose tissue, CD271 could be considered a quite suitable marker; however this marker seems to be inadequate for the isolation of mesenchymal stem cells from other tissues such as umbilical cord blood or wharton’s jelly among others.
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79
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Engraftment of autologous bone marrow cells into the injured cranial cruciate ligament in dogs. Vet J 2014; 202:448-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Narbona-Carceles J, Vaquero J, Suárez-Sancho SBS, Forriol F, Fernández-Santos ME. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell aspirates from alternative sources: is the knee as good as the iliac crest? Injury 2014; 45 Suppl 4:S42-7. [PMID: 25384474 DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1383(14)70009-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The most common method to obtain human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is bone marrow aspiration from the iliac crest, but MSCs have also been isolated from different bones. The main purpose of this study was to compare bone marrow MSCs aspirated from the metaphysis of the distal femur and the proximal tibia with those obtained from the iliac crest, and to determine whether these locations represent potential alternative sources of MSCs for research and clinical application. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bone marrow was aspirated from the iliac crest and the metaphysis of the distal femur and the proximal tibia during total knee arthroplasty in 20 patients. The aspirates were centrifuged by density gradient, then mononucleated cell (MNC) concentration in the different aspirates was determined using a Coulter counter. MSCs were isolated, cultivated and characterised by their immunophenotype and by their in vitro potential for differentiation into osteoblasts, chondroblasts and adipocytes in specific media. Expansion and cell viability were quantified using trypan blue staining and cell counting with a haemocytometer (Neubauer chamber). The three sources were compared in terms of MNC concentration, viability of the cultures and presence of MSC using the Wilcoxon test. RESULTS MNC concentration was significantly higher in the iliac crest (10.05 Millions/ml) compared with the femur (0.67 Millions/ml) and tibia (1.7 Millions/ml). Culture success rates were 90%, 71% and 47% for MSCs from the iliac crest, femur and tibia, respectively. Flow cytometry analysis showed the presence of CD90+, CD105+, CD73+, VEGF+, CD71+, HLA-DR-, CD45-, CD34-, CD19-, and CD14- cells. The immunophenotype pattern of MSCs was similar for the three locations. Trilineage differentiation was achieved with all samples. CONCLUSIONS MSCs can be found in bone marrow from the metaphysis of both the distal femur and the proximal tibia. The phenotype and differentiation potential of these cells are similar to those of bone marrow MSCs from the iliac crest. Bone marrow aspiration from these locations is a relatively easy and safe alternative to that from the iliac crest for obtaining MSCs. Further study is required to assess whether the concentrations of MSCs obtained from these sources are sufficient for one-step therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Javier Vaquero
- Orthopaedics Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañon, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana B S Suárez-Sancho
- Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Therapy Unit, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañon, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Forriol
- School of Medicine, University San Pablo CEU, Campus Monteprincipe, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
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81
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Bruno I, Martinez R, Sanchez A, Friddle C, McClure SR. Characterization of Nucleated Cells From Equine Adipose Tissue and Bone Marrow Aspirate Processed for Point-of-Care Use. J Equine Vet Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2014.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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82
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Baboolal TG, Boxall SA, El-Sherbiny YM, Moseley TA, Cuthbert RJ, Giannoudis PV, McGonagle D, Jones E. Multipotential stromal cell abundance in cellular bone allograft: comparison with fresh age-matched iliac crest bone and bone marrow aspirate. Regen Med 2014; 9:593-607. [PMID: 24617969 PMCID: PMC4077757 DOI: 10.2217/rme.14.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To enumerate and characterize multipotential stromal cells (MSCs) in a cellular bone allograft and compare with fresh age-matched iliac crest bone and bone marrow (BM) aspirate. MATERIALS & METHODS MSC characterization used functional assays, confocal/scanning electron microscopy and whole-genome microarrays. Resident MSCs were enumerated by flow cytometry following enzymatic extraction. RESULTS Allograft material contained live osteocytes and proliferative bone-lining cells defined as MSCs by phenotypic and functional capacities. Without cultivation/expansion, the allograft displayed an 'osteoinductive' molecular signature and the presence of CD45(-)CD271(+)CD73(+)CD90(+)CD105(+) MSCs; with a purity over 100-fold that of iliac crest bone. In comparison with BM, MSC numbers enzymatically released from 1 g of cellular allograft were equivalent to approximately 45 ml of BM aspirate. CONCLUSION Cellular allograft bone represents a unique nonimmune material rich in MSCs and osteocytes. This osteoinductive graft represents an attractive alternative to autograft bone or composite/synthetic grafts in orthopedics and broader regenerative medicine settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G Baboolal
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic & Musculoskeletal Medicine, Room 5.24, Clinical Sciences Building, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Sally A Boxall
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic & Musculoskeletal Medicine, Room 5.24, Clinical Sciences Building, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Yasser M El-Sherbiny
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic & Musculoskeletal Medicine, Room 5.24, Clinical Sciences Building, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | | | - Richard J Cuthbert
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic & Musculoskeletal Medicine, Room 5.24, Clinical Sciences Building, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Peter V Giannoudis
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic & Musculoskeletal Medicine, Room 5.24, Clinical Sciences Building, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Dennis McGonagle
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic & Musculoskeletal Medicine, Room 5.24, Clinical Sciences Building, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Elena Jones
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic & Musculoskeletal Medicine, Room 5.24, Clinical Sciences Building, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
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Chan AKC, Heathman TRJ, Coopman K, Hewitt CJ. Multiparameter flow cytometry for the characterisation of extracellular markers on human mesenchymal stem cells. Biotechnol Lett 2013; 36:731-41. [PMID: 24322774 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-013-1422-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular surface proteins are used to identify fully-functional human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in a mixed population. Here, a multiparameter flow cytometry assay was developed to examine the expression of several bone marrow-derived hMSC markers simultaneously at the single cell level. The multiparameter approach demonstrates a depth of analysis that goes far beyond the conventional single or dual staining methods. CD73, CD90 and CD105 were chosen as positive markers as they are expressed on multipotent hMSCs, whilst CD34 and HLA-DR were chosen as negative indicators. Single colour analysis suggested a population purity of 100 %; in contrast, when analysed via the multiparameter method, the CD73(+ve)/CD105(+ve)/CD90(+ve)/HLA-DR(-ve)/CD34(-ve) phenotypes represented 94.5 ± 1.3 % of the total cell population. Also, although CD271 has been posited as a definite early stage hMSC marker, here we show it is not present on pre-passage cells, highlighting the need for careful marker selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander K C Chan
- Centre for Biological Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK
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84
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Age-related yield of adipose-derived stem cells bearing the low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor. Stem Cells Int 2013; 2013:372164. [PMID: 24376462 PMCID: PMC3859201 DOI: 10.1155/2013/372164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are a heterogeneous cell population that may be enriched by positive selection with antibodies against the low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor (LNGFR or CD271), yielding a selective cell universe with higher proliferation and differentiation potential. This paper addresses the need for determining the quantity of ADSCs positive for the CD271 receptor and its correlation with donor's age. Mononuclear cells were harvested from the lower backs of 35 female donors and purified using magnetic beads. Multipotency capacity was tested by the expression of stemness genes and through differentiation into preosteoblasts and adipocytes. A significant statistical difference was found in CD271(+) concentrations between defined age intervals. The highest yield was found within women on the 30-40-year-old age range. CD271(+) ADSCs from all age groups showed differentiation capabilities as well as expression of typical multipotent stem cell genes. Our data suggest that the amount of CD271(+) cells correlates inversely with age. However, the ability to obtain these cells was maintained through all age ranges with a yield higher than what has been reported from bone marrow. Our findings propose CD271(+) ADSCs as the primary choice for tissue regeneration and autologous stem cell therapies in older subjects.
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