51
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Zuniga A, Liniger M, Morin TNA, Marty RR, Wiegand M, Ilter O, Weibel S, Billeter MA, Knuchel MC, Naim HY. Sequence and immunogenicity of a clinically approved novel measles virus vaccine vector. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2013; 9:607-13. [PMID: 23324616 DOI: 10.4161/hv.23242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The measles virus vaccine (MVbv) is a clinically certified and well-tolerated vaccine strain that has been given both parenterally and mucosally. It has been extensively used in children and has proven to be safe and effective in eliciting protective immunity. This specific strain was therefore chosen to generate a measles viral vector. The genome of the commercial MVbv vaccine strain was isolated, sequenced and a plasmid, p(+)MVb, enabling transcription of the viral antigenome and rescue of MVb, was constructed. Phylogenic and phenotypic analysis revealed that MVbv and the rescued MVb constitute another evolutionary branch within the hitherto classified measles vaccines. Plasmid p(+)MVb was modified by insertion of artificial MV-type transcription units (ATUs) for the generation of recombinant viruses (rMVb) expressing additional proteins. Replication characteristics and immunogenicity of rMVb vectors were similar to the parental MVbv and to other vaccine strains. The expression of the additional proteins was stable over 10 serial virus transfers, which corresponds to an amplification greater than 10 ( 20) . The excellent safety record and its efficient application as aerosol may add to the usefulness of the derived vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amando Zuniga
- Current affiliations: Zurich University of Applied Sciences; Wädenswil, Switzerland
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52
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Reyes-del Valle J, de la Fuente C, Turner MA, Springfeld C, Apte-Sengupta S, Frenzke ME, Forest A, Whidby J, Marcotrigiano J, Rice CM, Cattaneo R. Broadly neutralizing immune responses against hepatitis C virus induced by vectored measles viruses and a recombinant envelope protein booster. J Virol 2012; 86:11558-66. [PMID: 22896607 PMCID: PMC3486281 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01776-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection remains a serious public health problem worldwide. Treatments are limited, and no preventive vaccine is available. Toward developing an HCV vaccine, we engineered two recombinant measles viruses (MVs) expressing structural proteins from the prototypic HCV subtype 1a strain H77. One virus directs the synthesis of the HCV capsid (C) protein and envelope glycoproteins (E1 and E2), which fold properly and form a heterodimer. The other virus expresses the E1 and E2 glycoproteins separately, with each one fused to the cytoplasmic tail of the MV fusion protein. Although these hybrid glycoproteins were transported to the plasma membrane, they were not incorporated into MV particles. Immunization of MV-susceptible, genetically modified mice with either vector induced neutralizing antibodies to MV and HCV. A boost with soluble E2 protein enhanced titers of neutralizing antibody against the homologous HCV envelope. In animals primed with MV expressing properly folded HCV C-E1-E2, boosting also induced cross-neutralizating antibodies against two heterologous HCV strains. These results show that recombinant MVs retain the ability to induce MV-specific humoral immunity while also eliciting HCV neutralizing antibodies, and that anti-HCV immunity can be boosted with a single dose of purified E2 protein. The use of MV vectors could have advantages for pediatric HCV vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Reyes-del Valle
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Virology and Gene Therapy Track, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Cynthia de la Fuente
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Diseases, Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mallory A. Turner
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Virology and Gene Therapy Track, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Christoph Springfeld
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Virology and Gene Therapy Track, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Swapna Apte-Sengupta
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Virology and Gene Therapy Track, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Marie E. Frenzke
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Virology and Gene Therapy Track, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Amelie Forest
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Diseases, Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jillian Whidby
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Joseph Marcotrigiano
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Charles M. Rice
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Diseases, Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Roberto Cattaneo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Virology and Gene Therapy Track, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Dhondt KP, Mathieu C, Chalons M, Reynaud JM, Vallve A, Raoul H, Horvat B. Type I interferon signaling protects mice from lethal henipavirus infection. J Infect Dis 2012; 207:142-51. [PMID: 23089589 PMCID: PMC7107294 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jis653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hendra virus (HeV) and Nipah virus (NiV) are closely related, recently emerged paramyxoviruses that form Henipavirus genus and are capable of causing considerable morbidity and mortality in a number of mammalian species, including humans. However, in contrast to many other species and despite expression of functional virus entry receptors, mice are resistant to henipavirus infection. We report here the susceptibility of mice deleted for the type I interferon receptor (IFNAR-KO) to both HeV and NiV. Intraperitoneally infected mice developed fatal encephalitis, with pathology and immunohistochemical features similar to what was found in humans. Viral RNA was found in the majority of analyzed organs, and sublethally infected animals developed virus-specific neutralizing antibodies. Altogether, these results reveal IFNAR-KO mice as a new small animal model to study HeV and NiV pathogenesis, prophylaxis, and treatment and suggest the critical role of type I interferon signaling in the control of henipavirus infection.
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54
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Priming T-cell responses with recombinant measles vaccine vector in a heterologous prime-boost setting in non-human primates. Vaccine 2012; 30:5991-8. [PMID: 22732429 PMCID: PMC3425710 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Revised: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Licensed live attenuated virus vaccines capable of expressing transgenes from other pathogens have the potential to reduce the number of childhood immunizations by eliciting robust immunity to multiple pathogens simultaneously. Recombinant attenuated measles virus (rMV) derived from the Edmonston Zagreb vaccine strain was engineered to express simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) Gag protein for the purpose of evaluating the immunogenicity of rMV as a vaccine vector in rhesus macaques. rMV-Gag immunization alone elicited robust measles-specific humoral and cellular responses, but failed to elicit transgene (Gag)-specific immune responses, following aerosol or intratracheal/intramuscular delivery. However, when administered as a priming vaccine to a heterologous boost with recombinant adenovirus serotype 5 expressing the same transgene, rMV-Gag significantly enhanced Gag-specific T lymphocyte responses following rAd5 immunization. Gag-specific humoral responses were not enhanced, however, which may be due to either the transgene or the vector. Cellular response priming by rMV against the transgene was highly effective even when using a suboptimal dose of rAd5 for the boost. These data demonstrate feasibility of using rMV as a priming component of heterologous prime-boost vaccine regimens for pathogens requiring strong cellular responses.
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55
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Guo L, Wang D, Hu Y, Zhao X, Wang Y, Yang S, Wang J, Fan Y, Han G, Gao H. Adjuvanticity of compound polysaccharides on chickens against Newcastle disease and avian influenza vaccine. Int J Biol Macromol 2012; 50:512-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2012.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Revised: 12/26/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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56
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Mok H, Cheng X, Xu Q, Zengel JR, Parhy B, Zhao J, Wang CK, Jin H. Evaluation of Measles Vaccine Virus as a Vector to Deliver Respiratory Syncytial Virus Fusion Protein or Epstein-Barr Virus Glycoprotein gp350. Open Virol J 2012; 6:12-22. [PMID: 22383906 PMCID: PMC3286841 DOI: 10.2174/1874357901206010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Revised: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Live attenuated recombinant measles vaccine virus (MV) Edmonston-Zagreb (EZ) strain was evaluated as a viral vector to express the ectodomains of fusion protein of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV F) or glycoprotein 350 of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV gp350) as candidate vaccines for prophylaxis of RSV and EBV. The glycoprotein gene was inserted at the 1st or the 3rd position of the measles virus genome and the recombinant viruses were generated. Insertion of the foreign gene at the 3rd position had a minimal impact on viral replication in vitro. RSV F or EBV gp350 protein was secreted from infected cells. In cotton rats, EZ-RSV F and EZ-EBV gp350 induced MV- and insert-specific antibody responses. In addition, both vaccines also induced insert specific interferon gamma (IFN-γ) secreting T cell response. EZ-RSV F protected cotton rats from pulmonary replication of RSV A2 challenge infection. In rhesus macaques, although both EZ-RSV F and EZ-EBV gp350 induced MV specific neutralizing antibody responses, only RSV F specific antibody response was detected. Thus, the immunogenicity of the foreign antigens delivered by measles vaccine virus is dependent on the nature of the insert and the animal models used for vaccine evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoyin Mok
- MedImmune LLC., 319 North Bernardo Ave, Mountain View, California, USA
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57
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Employing Live Microbes for Vaccine Delivery. DEVELOPMENT OF NOVEL VACCINES 2012. [PMCID: PMC7123214 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-0709-6_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
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58
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Sato H, Yoneda M, Honda T, Kai C. Recombinant vaccines against the mononegaviruses--what we have learned from animal disease controls. Virus Res 2011; 162:63-71. [PMID: 21982973 PMCID: PMC7114506 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2011.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The mononegaviruses include a number of highly contagious and severe disease-causing viruses of both animals and humans. For the control of these viral diseases, development of vaccines, either with classical methods or with recombinant DNA virus vectors, has been attempted over the years. Recently reverse genetics of mononegaviruses has been developed and used to generate infectious viruses possessing genomes derived from cloned cDNA in order to study the consequent effects of viral gene manipulations on phenotype. This technology allows us to develop novel candidate vaccines. In particular, a variety of different attenuation strategies to produce a range of attenuated mononegavirus vaccines have been studied. In addition, because of their ideal nature as live vaccines, recombinant mononegaviruses expressing foreign proteins have also been produced with the aim of developing multivalent vaccines against more than one pathogen. These recombinant mononegaviruses are currently under evaluation as new viral vectors for vaccination. Reverse genetics could have great potential for the preparation of vaccines against many mononegaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Sato
- Laboratory Animal Research Center/International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
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59
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Dormitzer PR, Mandl CW, Rappuoli R. Recombinant Live Vaccines to Protect Against the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus. REPLICATING VACCINES 2011. [PMCID: PMC7123558 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0346-0277-8_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus (CoV) was identified as the etiological agent of an acute respiratory disease causing atypical pneumonia and diarrhea with high mortality. Different types of SARS-CoV vaccines, including nonreplicative and vectored vaccines, have been developed. Administration of these vaccines to animal model systems has shown promise for the generation of efficacious and safe vaccines. Nevertheless, the identification of side effects, preferentially in the elderly animal models, indicates the need to develop novel vaccines that should be tested in improved animal model systems. Live attenuated viruses have generally proven to be the most effective vaccines against viral infections. A limited number of SARS-CoV attenuating modifications have been described, including mutations, and partial or complete gene deletions affecting the replicase, like the nonstructural proteins (nsp1 or nsp2), or the structural genes, and drastic changes in the sequences that regulate the expression of viral subgenomic mRNAs. A promising vaccine candidate developed in our laboratory was based on deletion of the envelope E gene alone, or in combination with the removal of six additional genes nonessential for virus replication. Viruses lacking E protein were attenuated, grew in the lung, and provided homologous and heterologous protection. Improvements of this vaccine candidate have been directed toward increasing virus titers using the power of viruses with mutator phenotypes, while maintaining the attenuated phenotype. The safety of the live SARS-CoV vaccines is being increased by the insertion of complementary modifications in genes nsp1, nsp2, and 3a, by gene scrambling to prevent the rescue of a virulent phenotype by recombination or remodeling of vaccine genomes based on codon deoptimization using synthetic biology. The newly generated vaccine candidates are very promising, but need to be evaluated in animal model systems that include young and aged animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip R. Dormitzer
- Novartis Vaccines & Diagnostics, Sydney St. 45, Cambridge, 02139 Massachusetts USA
| | - Christian W. Mandl
- Novartis Vaccines & Diagnostics, Inc., Massachusetts Ave. 350, Cambridge, 02139 Massachusetts USA
| | - Rino Rappuoli
- Novartis Vaccines & Diagnostics S.r.l., Via Fiorentina 1, Siena, 53100 Italy
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60
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Sawada A, Komase K, Nakayama T. AIK-C measles vaccine expressing fusion protein of respiratory syncytial virus induces protective antibodies in cotton rats. Vaccine 2010; 29:1481-90. [PMID: 21185852 PMCID: PMC7127509 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2010] [Revised: 11/29/2010] [Accepted: 12/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of respiratory infection in infants, and no vaccine is available. In this report, recombinant AIK-C measles vaccines, expressing the RSV G or F protein of subgroup A (MVAIK/RSV/G or F), were investigated as a RSV vaccine candidate. MVAIK/RSV/G or F had the original ts phenotype and expressed RSV/G or F protein. Cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies against RSV subgroups A and B were detected in cotton rats immunized intramuscularly with MVAIK/RSV/F but not MVAIK/RSV/G. In cotton rats infected with RSV, RSV was recovered and lung histopathological finding was compatible with interstitial pneumonia, demonstrating thickening of alveolar walls and infiltration of mononuclear cells. When cotton rats immunized with MVAIK/RSV/F were challenged with homologous RSV subgroup A, no infectious RSV was recovered and very mild inflammation was noted without RSV antigen expression. When they were challenged with subgroup B, protective efficacy decreased. When cotton rats immunized with MVAIK/RSV/G were challenged with RSV subgroup A, low levels of infectious virus were recovered from lung. When challenged with subgroup B, no protective effects was demonstrated, demonstrating large amounts of RSV antigen in bronchial-epithelial cells. MVAIK/RSV/F is promising candidate and protective effects should be confirmed in monkey model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihito Sawada
- Laboratory of Viral Infection I, Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, Shirokane 5-9-1, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
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61
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Zhang N, Li J, Hu Y, Cheng G, Zhu X, Liu F, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Xu J. Effects of astragalus polysaccharide on the immune response to foot-and-mouth disease vaccine in mice. Carbohydr Polym 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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62
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Satoh M, Saito M, Tanaka K, Iwanaga S, Ali SNES, Seki T, Okada S, Kohara M, Harada S, Kai C, Tsukiyama-Kohara K. Evaluation of a recombinant measles virus expressing hepatitis C virus envelope proteins by infection of human PBL-NOD/Scid/Jak3null mouse. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2010; 33:e81-8. [PMID: 20299097 PMCID: PMC7112578 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2010.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2010] [Accepted: 02/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we infected NOD/Scid/Jak3null mice engrafted human peripheral blood leukocytes (hu-PBL-NOJ) with measles virus Edmonston B strain (MV-Edm) expressing hepatitis C virus (HCV) envelope proteins (rMV-E1E2) to evaluate the immunogenicity as a vaccine candidate. Although human leukocytes could be isolated from the spleen of mock-infected mice during the 2-weeks experiment, the proportion of engrafted human leukocytes in mice infected with MV (103–105 pfu) or rMV-E1E2 (104 pfu) was decreased. Viral infection of the splenocytes was confirmed by the development of cytopathic effects (CPEs) in co-cultures of splenocytes and B95a cells and verified using RT-PCR. Finally, human antibodies against MV were more frequently observed than E2-specific antibodies in serum from mice infected with a low dose of virus (MV, 100–101 pfu, and rMV-E1E2, 101–102 pfu). These results showed the possibility of hu-PBL-NOJ mice for the evaluation of the immunogenicity of viral proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Satoh
- Department of Experimental Phylaxiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto-city, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
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63
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Abstract
Emerging pathogens are either new or newly recognized or those that are increasing in incidence and spread. Since the identity of emerging pathogens from animal reservoirs is difficult to predict, the development for pathogen-specific therapeutics and vaccines is problematic. The highly pathogenic SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) emerged from zoonotic pools in 2002 to cause a global epidemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Many patients with SARS-CoV experienced an exacerbated form of disease called acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) requiring mechanical ventilation and supplemental oxygen and half of these patients died. Similar to other viral pathogens like influenza and West Nile Virus, the severity of SARS-CoV disease increased with age. Unfortunately, successful vaccination in the most vulnerable populations is a difficult task because of immunological deficiencies associated with aging (immune senescence). Due to the rapidity of virus emergence, technologies like synthetic biology can be harnessed to facilitate rapid recombinant virus construction for studying the novel virus biology, pathogenesis and the evaluation of therapeutic interventions. Since predicting the antigenic identity of future emergence is difficult, candidate vaccines and therapeutics should have a maximal breadth of cross-protection, and panels of antigenically divergent synthetically reconstructed viruses can be used as tools for this evaluation. We discuss how synthetic reconstruction of many animal and human SARS-CoV has provided a model to study the molecular mechanisms governing emergence and pathogenesis of viral diseases. In addition, we review the evolution, epidemiology, and pathogenesis of epidemic and zoonotic SARS-CoV with focus on the development of broadly reactive therapeutics and vaccines that protect aged populations from the zoonotic pool.
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64
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Du L, Zhao G, Chan CCS, Sun S, Chen M, Liu Z, Guo H, He Y, Zhou Y, Zheng BJ, Jiang S. Recombinant receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV spike protein expressed in mammalian, insect and E. coli cells elicits potent neutralizing antibody and protective immunity. Virology 2009; 393:144-50. [PMID: 19683779 PMCID: PMC2753736 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2009.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2009] [Revised: 07/10/2009] [Accepted: 07/17/2009] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a newly emerging infectious disease. The potential recurrence of the disease from animal reservoirs highlights the significance of development of safe and efficient vaccines to prevent a future SARS epidemic. In this study, we expressed the recombinant receptor-binding domain (rRBD) in mammalian (293T) cells, insect (Sf9) cells, and E. coli, respectively, and compared their immunogenicity and protection against SARS-CoV infection in an established mouse model. Our results show that all rRBD proteins expressed in the above systems maintained intact conformation, being able to induce highly potent neutralizing antibody responses and complete protective immunity against SARS-CoV challenge in mice, albeit the rRBD expressed in 293T cells elicited stronger humoral immune responses with significantly higher neutralizing activity (P < 0.05) than those expressed in Sf9 and E. coli cells. These results suggest that all three rRBDs are effective in eliciting immune responses and protection against SARS-CoV and any of the above expression systems can be used for production of rRBD-based SARS subunit vaccines. Preference will be given to rRBD expressed in mammalian cells for future evaluation of the vaccine efficacy in a non-human primate model of SARS because of its ability to refold into a native conformation more readily and to induce higher level of neutralizing antibody responses than those expressed in E. coli and insect cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanying Du
- Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
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65
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Zheng N, Xia R, Yang C, Yin B, Li Y, Duan C, Liang L, Guo H, Xie Q. Boosted expression of the SARS-CoV nucleocapsid protein in tobacco and its immunogenicity in mice. Vaccine 2009; 27:5001-7. [PMID: 19523911 PMCID: PMC7115566 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.05.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2008] [Revised: 05/20/2009] [Accepted: 05/26/2009] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Vaccines produced in plant systems are safe and economical; however, the extensive application of plant-based vaccines is mainly hindered by low expression levels of heterologous proteins in plant systems. Here, we demonstrated that the post-transcriptional gene silencing suppressor p19 protein from tomato bushy stunt virus substantially enhanced the transient expression of recombinant SARS-CoV nucleocapsid (rN) protein in Nicotiana benthamiana. The rN protein in the agrobacteria-infiltrated plant leaf accumulated up to a concentration of 79 microg per g fresh leaf weight at 3 days post infiltration. BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally vaccinated with pre-treated plant extract emulsified in Freund's adjuvant. The rN protein-specific IgG in the mouse sera attained a titer about 1:1,800 following three doses of immunization, which suggested effective B-cell maturation and differentiation in mice. Antibodies of the subclasses IgG1 and IgG2a were abundantly present in the mouse sera. During vaccination of rN protein, the expression of IFN-gamma and IL-10 was evidently up-regulated in splenocytes at different time points, while the expression of IL-2 and IL-4 was not. Up to now, this is the first study that plant-expressed recombinant SARS-CoV N protein can induce strong humoral and cellular responses in mice.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/pharmacology
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Proteins
- Female
- Freund's Adjuvant/administration & dosage
- Freund's Adjuvant/pharmacology
- Gene Silencing
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin G/blood
- Injections, Intraperitoneal
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Interleukin-10/metabolism
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Nucleocapsid Proteins/genetics
- Nucleocapsid Proteins/immunology
- Nucleocapsid Proteins/isolation & purification
- Plants, Genetically Modified/genetics
- Plants, Genetically Modified/metabolism
- Recombinant Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Proteins/immunology
- Recombinant Proteins/isolation & purification
- Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus/genetics
- Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus/immunology
- Spleen/immunology
- Nicotiana/genetics
- Nicotiana/metabolism
- Tombusvirus/genetics
- Vaccines, Subunit/genetics
- Vaccines, Subunit/immunology
- Vaccines, Subunit/isolation & purification
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuoyan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Datun Road, Beijing 100101, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, 135 Xingang Road W, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Ran Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Datun Road, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Cuiping Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, 135 Xingang Road W, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Bojiao Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Datun Road, Beijing 100101, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, 135 Xingang Road W, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, 135 Xingang Road W, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Chengguo Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Liming Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, 135 Xingang Road W, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Huishan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Qi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Datun Road, Beijing 100101, China
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66
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Abstract
In this review, the current state of vaccine development against human severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus, focusing on recently published data is assessed. We discuss which strategies have been assessed immunologically and which have been evaluated in SARS coronavirus challenge models. We discuss inactivated vaccines, virally and bacterially vectored vaccines, recombinant protein and DNA vaccines, as well as the use of attenuated vaccines. Data regarding the correlates of protection, animal models and the available evidence regarding potential vaccine enhancement of SARS disease are discussed. While there is much evidence that various vaccine strategies against SARS are safe and immunogenic, vaccinated animals still display significant disease upon challenge. Current data suggest that intranasal vaccination may be crucial and that new or combination strategies may be required for good protective efficacy against SARS in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Roper
- Brody School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA.
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67
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Cantarella G, Liniger M, Zuniga A, Schiller JT, Billeter M, Naim HY, Glueck R. Recombinant measles virus-HPV vaccine candidates for prevention of cervical carcinoma. Vaccine 2009; 27:3385-90. [PMID: 19200837 PMCID: PMC3487399 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.01.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is mainly associated with HPV genotype 16 infection. Recombinant measles virus (rMV) expressing HPV genotype 16 L1 capsid protein was generated by construction of an antigenomic plasmid, followed by rescue using the human "helper" cell line 293-3-46. In cell cultures the recombinant MV-L1 virus replicated practically as efficiently as the standard attenuated MV established as commercial vaccine, devoid of the transgene. The high genetic stability of MVb2-L1 was confirmed by 10 serial viral transfers in cell culture. In transgenic mice expressing the MV receptor CD46 the recombinant induced strong humoral immune responses against both MV and HPV; the antibodies against L1 exhibited mainly neutralizing capacity. Our data suggest that MV is a promising vehicle for development of inexpensive and efficient vaccines protecting from HPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Armando Zuniga
- Crucell-Berna Biotech, Rehhagstrasse 79, 3018 Bern, Switzerland
| | - John T. Schiller
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Martin Billeter
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hussein Y. Naim
- Crucell-Berna Biotech, Rehhagstrasse 79, 3018 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Reinhard Glueck
- Etna Biotech srl, Catania, Italy
- Crucell-Berna Biotech, Rehhagstrasse 79, 3018 Bern, Switzerland
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68
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Guerbois M, Moris A, Combredet C, Najburg V, Ruffié C, Février M, Cayet N, Brandler S, Schwartz O, Tangy F. Live attenuated measles vaccine expressing HIV-1 Gag virus like particles covered with gp160DeltaV1V2 is strongly immunogenic. Virology 2009; 388:191-203. [PMID: 19345390 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2009.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2009] [Revised: 02/04/2009] [Accepted: 02/24/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Although a live attenuated HIV vaccine is not currently considered for safety reasons, a strategy inducing both T cells and neutralizing antibodies to native assembled HIV-1 particles expressed by a replicating virus might mimic the advantageous characteristics of live attenuated vaccine. To this aim, we generated a live attenuated recombinant measles vaccine expressing HIV-1 Gag virus-like particles (VLPs) covered with gp160DeltaV1V2 Env protein. The measles-HIV virus replicated efficiently in cell culture and induced the intense budding of HIV particles covered with Env. In mice sensitive to MV infection, this recombinant vaccine stimulated high levels of cellular and humoral immunity to both MV and HIV with neutralizing activity. The measles-HIV virus infected human professional antigen-presenting cells, such as dendritic cells and B cells, and induced efficient presentation of HIV-1 epitopes and subsequent activation of human HIV-1 Gag-specific T cell clones. This candidate vaccine will be next tested in non-human primates. As a pediatric vaccine, it might protect children and adolescents simultaneously from measles and HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Guerbois
- Laboratoire de Génomique Virale et Vaccination, CNRS URA 3015, Institut Pasteur, Paris Cedex 15, France
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69
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Billeter MA, Naim HY, Udem SA. Reverse genetics of measles virus and resulting multivalent recombinant vaccines: applications of recombinant measles viruses. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2009; 329:129-62. [PMID: 19198565 PMCID: PMC7120638 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-70523-9_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
An overview is given on the development of technologies to allow reverse genetics of RNA viruses, i.e., the rescue of viruses from cDNA, with emphasis on nonsegmented negative-strand RNA viruses ( Mononegavirales ), as exemplified for measles virus (MV). Primarily, these technologies allowed site-directed mutagenesis, enabling important insights into a variety of aspects of the biology of these viruses. Concomitantly, foreign coding sequences were inserted to (a) allow localization of virus replication in vivo through marker gene expression, (b) develop candidate multivalent vaccines against measles and other pathogens, and (c) create candidate oncolytic viruses. The vector use of these viruses was experimentally encouraged by the pronounced genetic stability of the recombinants unexpected for RNA viruses, and by the high load of insertable genetic material, in excess of 6 kb. The known assets, such as the small genome size of the vector in comparison to DNA viruses proposed as vectors, the extensive clinical experience of attenuated MV as vaccine with a proven record of high safety and efficacy, and the low production cost per vaccination dose are thus favorably complemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Billeter
- University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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70
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Pimentel TAPF, Yan Z, Jeffers SA, Holmes KV, Hodges RS, Burkhard P. Peptide nanoparticles as novel immunogens: design and analysis of a prototypic severe acute respiratory syndrome vaccine. Chem Biol Drug Des 2009; 73:53-61. [PMID: 19152635 PMCID: PMC2756483 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2008.00746.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is an infectious disease caused by a novel coronavirus that cost nearly 800 lives. While there have been no recent outbreaks of the disease, the threat remains as SARS coronavirus (SARS‐CoV) like strains still exist in animal reservoirs. Therefore, the development of a vaccine against SARS is in grave need. Here, we have designed and produced a prototypic SARS vaccine: a self‐assembling polypeptide nanoparticle that repetitively displays a SARS B‐cell epitope from the C‐terminal heptad repeat of the virus’ spike protein. Biophysical analyses with circular dichroism, transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering confirmed the computational design showing α‐helcial nanoparticles with sizes of about 25 nm. Immunization experiments with no adjuvants were performed with BALB/c mice. An investigation of the binding properties of the elicited antibodies showed that they were highly conformation specific for the coiled‐coil epitope because they specifically recognized the native trimeric conformation of C‐terminal heptad repeat region. Consequently, the antisera exhibited neutralization activity in an in vitro infection inhibition assay. We conclude that these peptide nanoparticles represent a promising platform for vaccine design, in particular for diseases that are characterized by neutralizing epitopes with coiled‐coil conformation such as SARS‐CoV or other enveloped viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tais A P F Pimentel
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3136, USA
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71
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Liniger M, Zuniga A, Morin TNA, Combardiere B, Marty R, Wiegand M, Ilter O, Knuchel M, Naim HY. Recombinant measles viruses expressing single or multiple antigens of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) induce cellular and humoral immune responses. Vaccine 2009; 27:3299-305. [PMID: 19200842 PMCID: PMC7115622 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.01.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant measles viruses (rMV) based on the live attenuated measles vaccine strain (MVb) expressing antigens of HIV-1 clade B were generated by reverse genetics. Recombinants expressing single or double antigens of HIV-1 (rMV-HIV) were genetically highly stable on human diploid cells. The production process of these viruses was essentially similar to the parental MV strain, yielding comparative end titers. Immunization of tg-mice by different regimens and formulations showed potent humoral and cellular immune responses against MV and HIV antigens. Recombinant MV-HIV expressing Gag protein conferred protective immunity in tg-mice after a high-dose pseudochallenge with recombinant vaccinia virus. In addition, rMV-HIV boosted anti-HIV antibodies, in the presence of pre-existing anti-vector antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Liniger
- Crucell - Berna Biotech LTD, Rehhagstrasse 79, 3018 Bern, Switzerland
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72
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de Vries RD, Stittelaar KJ, Osterhaus ADME, de Swart RL. Measles vaccination: new strategies and formulations. Expert Rev Vaccines 2008; 7:1215-23. [PMID: 18844595 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.7.8.1215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Measles is a highly contagious viral disease. With 1 million deaths reported in 1996, measles was the leading cause of vaccine-preventable deaths. However, in recent years, significant progress has been made in measles control, reducing deaths attributed to measles to 454,000 in 2004 and 242,000 in 2006. The main strategy behind this reduction has been the improvement of vaccination coverage and implementation of a second opportunity for immunization with the live-attenuated measles vaccine. The Measles Initiative, a partnership between the American Red Cross, CDC, UNICEF, WHO and UN Foundation, has had a significant role in this achievement. Here, we provide an overview of old and new vaccination strategies, and discuss changes in the route of administration of the existing live-attenuated vaccine, the development of new-generation nonreplicating measles virus vaccine candidates and attempts to use recombinant measles virus as a vector for vaccination against other pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory D de Vries
- Department of Virology, Erasmus MC, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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