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Abd El Ghany M, Sharaf H, Hill-Cawthorne GA. Hajj vaccinations-facts, challenges, and hope. Int J Infect Dis 2016; 47:29-37. [PMID: 27260241 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2016.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is an effective preventive measure that has been used in the unique Hajj pilgrimage setting to control the transmission of infectious diseases. The current vaccination policy applied during Hajj is reviewed herein, highlighting the effectiveness of the approaches applied and identifying research gaps that need to be filled in order to improve the development and dissemination of Hajj vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moataz Abd El Ghany
- The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; The Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | | | - Grant A Hill-Cawthorne
- The Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Australia.
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Gala RP, D'Souza M, Zughaier SM. Evaluation of various adjuvant nanoparticulate formulations for meningococcal capsular polysaccharide-based vaccine. Vaccine 2016; 34:3260-7. [PMID: 27177946 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neisseria meningitidis is a leading cause of bacterial meningitis and sepsis and its capsular polysaccharides (CPS) are a major virulence factor in meningococcal infections and form the basis for serogroup designation and preventive vaccines. We have formulated a novel meningococcal nanoparticulate vaccine formulation that does not require chemical conjugation, but encapsulates meningococcal CPS polymers in a biodegradable material that slowly release antigens, thereby has antigen depot effect to enhance antigenicity. The novel vaccine formulation is inexpensive and can be stored as a dry powder with extended shelf life that does not require the cold-chain which facilitates storage and distribution. In order to enhance the antigenicity of meningococcal nanoparticulate vaccine, we screened various adjuvants formulated in nanoparticles, for their ability to potentiate antigen presentation by dendritic cells. Here, we report that MF59 and Alum are superior to TLR-based adjuvants in enhancing dendritic cell maturation and antigen presentation markers MHC I, MHC II, CD40, CD80 and CD86 in dendritic cells pulsed with meningococcal CPS nanoparticulate vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikhav P Gala
- Vaccine Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Martin D'Souza
- Vaccine Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Susu M Zughaier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Assaf-Casals A, Dbaibo G. Meningococcal quadrivalent tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine (MenACWY-TT, Nimenrix™): A review of its immunogenicity, safety, co-administration, and antibody persistence. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016; 12:1825-37. [PMID: 26900984 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2016.1143157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Meningococcal disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide with reported epidemics and outbreaks in different parts of the world. Despite the availability of antimicrobial therapy, challenges remain in early recognition and prevention of disease. Several vaccines have been developed to date aiming at preventing disease spread. DISCUSSION MenACWY-TT (Nimenrix™) has been extensively studied for use in different age groups. Phase II and III randomized trials have demonstrated its immunogenicity when administered in children aged 1 year and older, adolescents and adults. It has an acceptable safety profile with minor adverse events comparable to other vaccines. Follow up studies have shown persistence of protective antibodies up to three years. MenACWY-TT was safely and effectively co-administered with different recommended vaccines. CONCLUSION MenACWY-TT is a safe and immunogenic vaccine that can be used to protect against these four serogroups in individuals older than 1 year of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aia Assaf-Casals
- a Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine , Center for Infectious Diseases Research, American University of Beirut , Beirut , Lebanon
| | - Ghassan Dbaibo
- a Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine , Center for Infectious Diseases Research, American University of Beirut , Beirut , Lebanon
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Tsang RSW, Law DKS, Gad RR, Mailman T, German G, Needle R. Characterization of invasive Neisseria meningitidis from Atlantic Canada, 2009 to 2013: With special reference to the nonpolysaccharide vaccine targets (PorA, factor H binding protein, Neisseria heparin-binding antigen and Neisseria adhesin A). THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY = JOURNAL CANADIEN DES MALADIES INFECTIEUSES ET DE LA MICROBIOLOGIE MEDICALE 2015; 26:299-304. [PMID: 26744586 PMCID: PMC4692298 DOI: 10.1155/2015/393659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serogroup B Neisseria meningitidis (MenB) has always been a major cause of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) in Canada. With the successful implementation of a meningitis C conjugate vaccine, the majority of IMD in Canada is now caused by MenB. OBJECTIVE To investigate IMD case isolates in Atlantic Canada from 2009 to 2013. Data were analyzed to determine the potential coverage of the newly licensed MenB vaccine. METHODS Serogroup, serotype and serosubtype antigens were determined from IMD case isolates. Clonal analysis was performed using multilocus sequence typing. The protein-based vaccine antigen genes were sequenced and the predicted peptides were investigated. RESULTS The majority of the IMD isolates were MenB (82.5%, 33 of 40) and, in particular, sequence type (ST)-154 B:4:P1.4 was responsible for 47.5% (19 of 40) of all IMD case isolates in Atlantic Canada. Isolates of this clone expressed the PorA antigen P1.4 and possessed the nhba genes encoding for Neisseria heparin-binding antigen peptide 2, which together matched exactly with two of the four components of the new four-component meningococcal B vaccine. Nineteen MenB isolates had two antigenic matches, another five MenB and one meningitis Y isolate had one antigenic match. This provided 75.8% (25 of 33) potential coverage for MenB, or a 62.5% (25 of 40) overall potential coverage for IMD. CONCLUSION From 2009 to 2013, IMD in Atlantic Canada was mainly caused by MenB and, in particular, the B:4:P1.4 ST-154 clone, which accounted for 47.5% of all IMD case isolates. The new four-component meningococcal B vaccine appeared to offer adequate coverage against MenB in Atlantic Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond SW Tsang
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba
| | - Dennis KS Law
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba
| | - Rita R Gad
- Communicable Disease Control Unit, Department of Health, Government of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick
| | - Tim Mailman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia
| | - Gregory German
- Department of Health, Government of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island
| | - Robert Needle
- Public Health Laboratory and Microbiology, Eastern Health, St John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador
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Kristiansen PA, Jørgensen HJ, Caugant DA. Serogroup A meningococcal conjugate vaccines in Africa. Expert Rev Vaccines 2015; 14:1441-58. [PMID: 26358167 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2015.1084232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Serogroup A meningococcal epidemics have been a recurrent public health problem, especially in resource-poor countries of Africa. Recently, the administration in mass vaccination campaigns of a single dose of the monovalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine, MenAfriVac, to the 1-29 year-old population of sub-Saharan Africa has prevented epidemics of meningitis caused by serogroup A Neisseria meningitidis. This strategy has also been shown to provide herd protection of the non-vaccinated population. Development of meningococcal conjugate vaccines covering other serogroups and enhanced use of the pneumococcal and Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccines must be pursued to fully control bacterial meningitis in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Kristiansen
- a 1 WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Meningococci, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Lovisenberggata 8, 0456 Oslo, Norway
| | - Hannah J Jørgensen
- a 1 WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Meningococci, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Lovisenberggata 8, 0456 Oslo, Norway
| | - Dominique A Caugant
- a 1 WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Meningococci, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Lovisenberggata 8, 0456 Oslo, Norway.,b 2 Faculty of medicine, University of Oslo, Kirkeveien 166, 0450 Oslo, Norway
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Litschko C, Romano MR, Pinto V, Claus H, Vogel U, Berti F, Gerardy-Schahn R, Fiebig T. The capsule polymerase CslB of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup L catalyzes the synthesis of a complex trimeric repeating unit comprising glycosidic and phosphodiester linkages. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:24355-66. [PMID: 26286750 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.678094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Neisseria meningitidis is a human pathogen causing bacterial meningitis and sepsis. The capsular polysaccharide surrounding N. meningitidis is a major virulence factor. The capsular polysaccharide consists of polyhexosamine phosphates in N. meningitidis serogroups A and X. The capsule polymerases (CPs) of these serogroups are members of the Stealth protein family comprising d-hexose-1-phosphate transferases from bacterial and protozoan pathogens. CslA, one of two putative CPs of the pathophysiologically less relevant N. meningitidis serogroup L, is one of the smallest known Stealth proteins and caught our attention for structure-function analyses. Because the N. meningitidis serogroup L capsule polymer consists of a trimeric repeating unit ([→3)-β-d-GlcNAc-(1→3)-β-d-GlcNAc-(1→3)-α-d-GlcNAc-(1→OPO3→]n), we speculated that the two predicted CPs (CslA and CslB) work together in polymer production. Consequently, both enzymes were cloned, overexpressed, and purified as recombinant proteins. Contrary to our expectation, enzymatic testing identified CslB to be sufficient to catalyze the synthesis of the complex trimeric N. meningitidis serogroup L capsule polymer repeating unit. No polymerase activity was detected for CslA, although the enzyme facilitated the hydrolysis of UDP-GlcNAc. Bioinformatics analyses identified two glycosyltransferase (GT) domains in CslB. The N-terminal domain modeled with 100% confidence onto a number of GT-A folded proteins, whereas the C-terminal domain modeled with 100% confidence onto TagF, a GT-B folded teichoic acid polymerase from Staphylococcus epidermidis. Amino acid positions known to have critical catalytic functions in the template proteins were conserved in CslB, and their point mutation abolished enzyme activity. CslB represents an enzyme of so far unique complexity regarding both the catalyzed reaction and enzyme architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christa Litschko
- From the Institute for Cellular Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Vittoria Pinto
- Research, GSK Vaccines, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy, and
| | - Heike Claus
- the Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Vogel
- the Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Francesco Berti
- Research, GSK Vaccines, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy, and
| | - Rita Gerardy-Schahn
- From the Institute for Cellular Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Timm Fiebig
- From the Institute for Cellular Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany,
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Law DKS, Lefebvre B, Gilca R, Deng S, Zhou J, De Wals P, Tsang RSW. Characterization of invasive Neisseria meningitidis strains from Québec, Canada, during a period of increased serogroup B disease, 2009-2013: phenotyping and genotyping with special emphasis on the non-carbohydrate protein vaccine targets. BMC Microbiol 2015; 15:143. [PMID: 26204985 PMCID: PMC4514445 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-015-0469-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epidemiology of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) in Québec, Canada, has been dominated in the past decade by a clone of serogroup B (MenB) Neisseria meningitidis defined by multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) as sequence type (ST)-269. With the licensure of a new MenB vaccine Bexsero (4CMenB) in Canada, this study characterized invasive N. meningitidis recovered in Québec from 2009 to 2013, with an objective to examine the diversity of the 4CMenB vaccine antigens. Isolates were serogrouped by antisera and genogrouped by PCR, and further typed by whole cell ELISA for serotype and serosubtype antigens. Clonal analysis was done by MLST. Isolates were genotyped by analysis of their 4CMenB vaccine antigen genes of PorA, factor H binding protein (fHbp), Neisserial Heparin Binding Antigen (NHBA), and Neisseria Adhesin A (NadA). RESULTS Of the 263 IMD isolates analysed, 229, 16, 10, 7, and 1 belonged to MenB, MenY, MenW, MenC, and MenX, respectively. Of the 229 MenB, 159 (69.4 %) were typed as ST-269 clonal complex (CC); and they possessed a restricted number of three fHbp and five nhba gene alleles. Nine N. meningitidis isolates (eight MenB and one MenY) were found to possess at least one gene that encoded for an antigen that matched exactly with protein variants in the 4CMenB vaccine. Two MenB expressed PorA antigen P1.4 and possessed the nhba gene for peptide 2; four other MenB were predicted to have NHBA peptide 2; another two MenB were predicted to encode fHbp peptide 1.1; and a single MenY was found to have nadA gene for NadA peptide 8. In addition, another 172 isolates were found to possess genes for variant 1 fHbp peptides other than peptide 1.1 or NadA variant 1-2/3 peptides other than peptide 8; and therefore, may potentially be covered by 4CMenB. CONCLUSION The most prevalent clone of N. meningitidis in Quebec was ST-269 CC; and 96 % of the isolates in this CC were predicted to be covered by 4CMenB vaccine. Extensive genetic diversity was found in the other IMD isolates in Québec which might suggest a lower coverage by the vaccine when compared to the ST-269 MenB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis K S Law
- Vaccine Preventable Bacterial Diseases, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, R3E 3R2, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
| | - Brigitte Lefebvre
- Laboratoire de santé publique du Québec, Institut national de santé publique du Québec, 20045 chemin Sante-Marie, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, H9X 3R5, Québec, Canada.
| | - Rodica Gilca
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Centre de Recherche du CHUL-CHUQ, Québec, Canada.
- Département de Médecine Sociale et Préventive de I'Université Laval, Québec, Canada.
| | - Saul Deng
- Vaccine Preventable Bacterial Diseases, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, R3E 3R2, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
| | - Jianwei Zhou
- Vaccine Preventable Bacterial Diseases, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, R3E 3R2, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
| | - Philippe De Wals
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Centre de Recherche du CHUL-CHUQ, Québec, Canada.
- Département de Médecine Sociale et Préventive de I'Université Laval, Québec, Canada.
| | - Raymond S W Tsang
- Vaccine Preventable Bacterial Diseases, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, R3E 3R2, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
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Gianchecchi E, Torelli A, Piccini G, Piccirella S, Montomoli E. Neisseria meningitidisinfection: who, when and where? Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2015; 13:1249-63. [DOI: 10.1586/14787210.2015.1070096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Boggild AK, Esposito DH, Kozarsky PE, Ansdell V, Beeching NJ, Campion D, Castelli F, Caumes E, Chappuis F, Cramer JP, Gkrania-Klotsas E, Grobusch MP, Hagmann SH, Hynes NA, Lim PL, López-Vélez R, Malvy DJ, Mendelson M, Parola P, Sotir MJ, Wu HM, Hamer DH. Differential diagnosis of illness in travelers arriving from Sierra Leone, Liberia, or Guinea: a cross-sectional study from the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network. Ann Intern Med 2015; 162:757-64. [PMID: 25961811 PMCID: PMC4629254 DOI: 10.7326/m15-0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The largest-ever outbreak of Ebola virus disease (EVD), ongoing in West Africa since late 2013, has led to export of cases to Europe and North America. Clinicians encountering ill travelers arriving from countries with widespread Ebola virus transmission must be aware of alternate diagnoses associated with fever and other nonspecific symptoms. OBJECTIVE To define the spectrum of illness observed in persons returning from areas of West Africa where EVD transmission has been widespread. DESIGN Descriptive, using GeoSentinel records. SETTING 57 travel or tropical medicine clinics in 25 countries. PATIENTS 805 ill returned travelers and new immigrants from Sierra Leone, Liberia, or Guinea seen between September 2009 and August 2014. MEASUREMENTS Frequencies of demographic and travel-related characteristics and illnesses reported. RESULTS The most common specific diagnosis among 770 nonimmigrant travelers was malaria (n = 310 [40.3%]), with Plasmodium falciparum or severe malaria in 267 (86%) and non-P. falciparum malaria in 43 (14%). Acute diarrhea was the second most common diagnosis among nonimmigrant travelers (n = 95 [12.3%]). Such common diagnoses as upper respiratory tract infection, urinary tract infection, and influenza-like illness occurred in only 26, 9, and 7 returning travelers, respectively. Few instances of typhoid fever (n = 8), acute HIV infection (n = 5), and dengue (n = 2) were encountered. LIMITATION Surveillance data collected by specialist clinics may not be representative of all ill returned travelers. CONCLUSION Although EVD may currently drive clinical evaluation of ill travelers arriving from Sierra Leone, Liberia, and Guinea, clinicians must be aware of other more common, potentially fatal diseases. Malaria remains a common diagnosis among travelers seen at GeoSentinel sites. Prompt exclusion of malaria and other life-threatening conditions is critical to limiting morbidity and mortality. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea K. Boggild
- From the Tropical Disease Unit of Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, and Public Health Ontario Laboratory, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii; Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine and National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Liverpool, United Kingdom; InterHealth Worldwide, London, United Kingdom; University of
| | - Douglas H. Esposito
- From the Tropical Disease Unit of Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, and Public Health Ontario Laboratory, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii; Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine and National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Liverpool, United Kingdom; InterHealth Worldwide, London, United Kingdom; University of
| | - Phyllis E. Kozarsky
- From the Tropical Disease Unit of Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, and Public Health Ontario Laboratory, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii; Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine and National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Liverpool, United Kingdom; InterHealth Worldwide, London, United Kingdom; University of
| | - Vernon Ansdell
- From the Tropical Disease Unit of Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, and Public Health Ontario Laboratory, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii; Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine and National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Liverpool, United Kingdom; InterHealth Worldwide, London, United Kingdom; University of
| | - Nicholas J. Beeching
- From the Tropical Disease Unit of Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, and Public Health Ontario Laboratory, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii; Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine and National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Liverpool, United Kingdom; InterHealth Worldwide, London, United Kingdom; University of
| | - Daniel Campion
- From the Tropical Disease Unit of Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, and Public Health Ontario Laboratory, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii; Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine and National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Liverpool, United Kingdom; InterHealth Worldwide, London, United Kingdom; University of
| | - Francesco Castelli
- From the Tropical Disease Unit of Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, and Public Health Ontario Laboratory, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii; Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine and National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Liverpool, United Kingdom; InterHealth Worldwide, London, United Kingdom; University of
| | - Eric Caumes
- From the Tropical Disease Unit of Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, and Public Health Ontario Laboratory, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii; Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine and National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Liverpool, United Kingdom; InterHealth Worldwide, London, United Kingdom; University of
| | - Francois Chappuis
- From the Tropical Disease Unit of Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, and Public Health Ontario Laboratory, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii; Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine and National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Liverpool, United Kingdom; InterHealth Worldwide, London, United Kingdom; University of
| | - Jakob P. Cramer
- From the Tropical Disease Unit of Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, and Public Health Ontario Laboratory, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii; Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine and National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Liverpool, United Kingdom; InterHealth Worldwide, London, United Kingdom; University of
| | - Effrossyni Gkrania-Klotsas
- From the Tropical Disease Unit of Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, and Public Health Ontario Laboratory, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii; Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine and National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Liverpool, United Kingdom; InterHealth Worldwide, London, United Kingdom; University of
| | - Martin P. Grobusch
- From the Tropical Disease Unit of Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, and Public Health Ontario Laboratory, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii; Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine and National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Liverpool, United Kingdom; InterHealth Worldwide, London, United Kingdom; University of
| | - Stefan H.F. Hagmann
- From the Tropical Disease Unit of Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, and Public Health Ontario Laboratory, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii; Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine and National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Liverpool, United Kingdom; InterHealth Worldwide, London, United Kingdom; University of
| | - Noreen A. Hynes
- From the Tropical Disease Unit of Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, and Public Health Ontario Laboratory, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii; Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine and National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Liverpool, United Kingdom; InterHealth Worldwide, London, United Kingdom; University of
| | - Poh Lian Lim
- From the Tropical Disease Unit of Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, and Public Health Ontario Laboratory, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii; Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine and National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Liverpool, United Kingdom; InterHealth Worldwide, London, United Kingdom; University of
| | - Rogelio López-Vélez
- From the Tropical Disease Unit of Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, and Public Health Ontario Laboratory, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii; Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine and National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Liverpool, United Kingdom; InterHealth Worldwide, London, United Kingdom; University of
| | - Denis J.M. Malvy
- From the Tropical Disease Unit of Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, and Public Health Ontario Laboratory, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii; Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine and National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Liverpool, United Kingdom; InterHealth Worldwide, London, United Kingdom; University of
| | - Marc Mendelson
- From the Tropical Disease Unit of Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, and Public Health Ontario Laboratory, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii; Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine and National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Liverpool, United Kingdom; InterHealth Worldwide, London, United Kingdom; University of
| | - Philippe Parola
- From the Tropical Disease Unit of Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, and Public Health Ontario Laboratory, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii; Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine and National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Liverpool, United Kingdom; InterHealth Worldwide, London, United Kingdom; University of
| | - Mark J. Sotir
- From the Tropical Disease Unit of Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, and Public Health Ontario Laboratory, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii; Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine and National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Liverpool, United Kingdom; InterHealth Worldwide, London, United Kingdom; University of
| | - Henry M. Wu
- From the Tropical Disease Unit of Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, and Public Health Ontario Laboratory, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii; Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine and National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Liverpool, United Kingdom; InterHealth Worldwide, London, United Kingdom; University of
| | - Davidson H. Hamer
- From the Tropical Disease Unit of Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, and Public Health Ontario Laboratory, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii; Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine and National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Liverpool, United Kingdom; InterHealth Worldwide, London, United Kingdom; University of
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Barnett TC, Lim JY, Soderholm AT, Rivera-Hernandez T, West NP, Walker MJ. Host-pathogen interaction during bacterial vaccination. Curr Opin Immunol 2015; 36:1-7. [PMID: 25966310 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Vaccines have been developed and deployed against several important bacterial pathogens of humans, including Neisseria meningitidis, Bordetella pertussis, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. These vaccines are generally considered a successful public health measure and are effective at controlling disease symptoms and/or burden. However, a troubling consequence of recent vaccination programs has been the selection of vaccine escape mutants, whereby the pathogen displays a different repertoire of immune targets than those represented in the vaccine formulation. To address these issues of antigenic variation and bacterial evolution, continued and sustained efforts in epidemiological surveillance, vaccine development/formulation research, and understanding of the host-pathogen interaction are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C Barnett
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jin Yan Lim
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Amelia T Soderholm
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tania Rivera-Hernandez
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicholas P West
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mark J Walker
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia.
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61
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Pan J, Yao P, Zhang H, Sun X, He H, Xie S. The case of a new sequence type 7 serogroup X Neisseria meningitidis infection in China: may capsular switching change serogroup profile? Int J Infect Dis 2014; 29:62-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2014.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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62
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Tunheim G, Næss L, Acevedo R, Fjeldheim Å, Bolstad K, García L, Cardoso D, Aase A, Zayas C, González H, Rosenqvist E, Norheim G. Preclinical immunogenicity study of trivalent meningococcal AWX-OMV vaccines for the African meningitis belt. Vaccine 2014; 32:6631-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.09.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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63
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Morelli L, Cancogni D, Tontini M, Nilo A, Filippini S, Costantino P, Romano MR, Berti F, Adamo R, Lay L. Synthesis and immunological evaluation of protein conjugates of Neisseria meningitidis X capsular polysaccharide fragments. Beilstein J Org Chem 2014; 10:2367-76. [PMID: 25383107 PMCID: PMC4222376 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.10.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A vaccine to prevent infections from the emerging Neisseria meningitidis X (MenX) is becoming an urgent issue. Recently MenX capsular polysaccharide (CPS) fragments conjugated to CRM197 as carrier protein have been confirmed at preclinical stage as promising candidates for vaccine development. However, more insights about the minimal epitope required for the immunological activity of MenX CPS are needed. We report herein the chemical conjugation of fully synthetic MenX CPS oligomers (monomer, dimer, and trimer) to CRM197. Moreover, improvements in some crucial steps leading to the synthesis of MenX CPS fragments are described. Following immunization with the obtained neoglycoconjugates, the conjugated trimer was demonstrated as the minimal fragment possessing immunogenic activity, even though significantly lower than a pentadecamer obtained from the native polymer and conjugated to the same protein. This finding suggests that oligomers longer than three repeating units are possibly needed to mimic the activity of the native polysaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Morelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica and ISTM-CNR, Universita degli Studi di Milano, via Golgi 19, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Damiano Cancogni
- Dipartimento di Chimica and ISTM-CNR, Universita degli Studi di Milano, via Golgi 19, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Marta Tontini
- Novartis Vaccines, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Alberto Nilo
- Novartis Vaccines, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Roberto Adamo
- Novartis Vaccines, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Luigi Lay
- Dipartimento di Chimica and ISTM-CNR, Universita degli Studi di Milano, via Golgi 19, I-20133 Milano, Italy
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64
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Cummings MJ, Wamala JF, Komakech I, Malimbo M, Lukwago L. Emerging and reemerging epidemic-prone diseases among settling nomadic pastoralists in Uganda. Acta Trop 2014; 137:19-24. [PMID: 24784434 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2014.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 04/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Epidemic-prone diseases have traditionally been uncommon among nomadic pastoralists as mobility allows already dispersed populations to migrate away from epidemic threats. In the Karamoja region of Uganda, nomadic pastoralists are transitioning to an increasingly settled lifestyle due to cattle raiding and associated civil insecurity. In attempts to reduce conflict in the region, the Ugandan government has instituted disarmament campaigns and encouraged sedentism in place of mobility. In Karamoja, this transition to sedentism has contributed to the emergence and reemergence of epidemic-prone diseases such as cholera, hepatitis E, yellow fever, and meningococcal meningitis. The incidence of these diseases remains difficult to measure and several challenges exist to their control. Challenges to communicable disease surveillance and control among settling nomadic pastoralists are related to nomadic mobility, remote geography, vaccination and immunity, and poor sanitation and safe water access. In addition to improving gaps in infrastructure, attracting well-trained government health workers to Karamoja and similar areas with longstanding human resource limitations is critical to address the challenges to epidemic-prone disease surveillance and control among settling nomadic pastoralists. In conjunction with government health workers, community health teams provide a sustainable method by which public health programs can be improved in the austere environments inhabited by mobile and settling pastoralists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Cummings
- New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Medical Center, Department of Medicine, 177 Fort Washington Avenue, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Joseph F Wamala
- Ministry of Health, Department of National Disease Control, Epidemiology and Surveillance Division, PO Box 7272, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Innocent Komakech
- World Health Organization, Karamoja Field Office, PO Box 4, Moroto, Uganda
| | - Mugagga Malimbo
- Ministry of Health, Department of National Disease Control, Epidemiology and Surveillance Division, PO Box 7272, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Luswa Lukwago
- Ministry of Health, Department of National Disease Control, Epidemiology and Surveillance Division, PO Box 7272, Kampala, Uganda; Makerere University School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, PO Box 22864, Kampala, Uganda
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65
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Law DKS, Zhou J, Deng S, Hoang L, Tyrrell G, Horsman G, Wylie J, Tsang RSW. Determination of serotyping antigens, clonal analysis and genetic characterization of the 4CMenB vaccine antigen genes in invasive Neisseria meningitidis from Western Canada, 2009 to 2013. J Med Microbiol 2014; 63:1490-1499. [PMID: 25165123 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.079921-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined invasive Neisseria meningitidis recovered from invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) cases in Western Canada between 2009 and 2013. A total of 161 isolates from individual IMD cases were analysed for serogroup, serotype, serosubtype, PorA genotype, multi-locus sequence type and nucleotide sequence of their 4CMenB vaccine antigen genes. Sixty-nine isolates were serogroup B (MenB), 47 were serogroup Y (MenY), 22 were serogroup C (MenC), 19 were serogroup W (MenW), three were serogroup E and one was non-encapsulated. MenC, MenY and MenW were mainly clonal, represented primarily by clonal complex (cc) 11, cc23 or cc167, and cc22, respectively. In contrast, MenB were composed of eight different ccs together with 11 isolates not assigned to any known cc. Antigenic analysis and PorA genotyping confirmed the heterogeneity of MenB isolates, while such results supported the clonal nature of most MenC, MenY and MenW isolates. Thirty-four (21.1%) isolates had at least one gene that encoded one matching vaccine protein component of the 4CMenB vaccine (i.e. PorA P1.4; fHbp variant 1.1; NHBA peptide 2; and NadA-1, -2, or -3). An additional 18 isolates had genes that encoded variant 1 or subfamily B factor H binding proteins of this same vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis K S Law
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Jianwei Zhou
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Saul Deng
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Linda Hoang
- Public Health Microbiology and Reference Laboratory, BC Public Health Microbiology and Reference Laboratory, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Gregory Tyrrell
- Provincial Laboratory for Public Health, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Greg Horsman
- Saskatchewan Disease Control Laboratory, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - John Wylie
- Cadham Provincial Public Health Laboratory, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Raymond S W Tsang
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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66
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Pollard AJ. Meningococcal disease prevention in India. Indian Pediatr 2014; 51:445-6. [PMID: 24986276 DOI: 10.1007/s13312-014-0423-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Pollard
- Department of Paediatric Infection and Immunity, University of Oxford, and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, UK.
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67
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Koeberling O, Ispasanie E, Hauser J, Rossi O, Pluschke G, Caugant DA, Saul A, MacLennan CA. A broadly-protective vaccine against meningococcal disease in sub-Saharan Africa based on Generalized Modules for Membrane Antigens (GMMA). Vaccine 2014; 32:2688-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.03.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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68
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Adamo R, Micoli F, Proietti D, Berti F. Efficient Synthesis of Meningococcal X Polysaccharide Repeating Unit (N-Acetylglucosamine-4-phosphate) as Analytical Standard for Polysaccharide Determination. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2013.853189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Adamo
- a Research Center , Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics , Siena , Italy
| | - Francesca Micoli
- b Research Center , Novartis Vaccines Institute for Global Health , Siena , Italy
| | - Daniela Proietti
- a Research Center , Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics , Siena , Italy
| | - Francesco Berti
- a Research Center , Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics , Siena , Italy
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69
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Acevedo R, Fernández S, Zayas C, Acosta A, Sarmiento ME, Ferro VA, Rosenqvist E, Campa C, Cardoso D, Garcia L, Perez JL. Bacterial outer membrane vesicles and vaccine applications. Front Immunol 2014; 5:121. [PMID: 24715891 PMCID: PMC3970029 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines based on outer membrane vesicles (OMV) were developed more than 20 years ago against Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B. These nano-sized structures exhibit remarkable potential for immunomodulation of immune responses and delivery of meningococcal antigens or unrelated antigens incorporated into the vesicle structure. This paper reviews different applications in OMV Research and Development (R&D) and provides examples of OMV developed and evaluated at the Finlay Institute in Cuba. A Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) process was developed at the Finlay Institute to produce OMV from N. meningitidis serogroup B (dOMVB) using detergent extraction. Subsequently, OMV from N. meningitidis, serogroup A (dOMVA), serogroup W (dOMVW), and serogroup X (dOMVX) were obtained using this process. More recently, the extraction process has also been applied effectively for obtaining OMV on a research scale from Vibrio cholerae (dOMVC), Bordetella pertussis (dOMVBP), Mycobacterium smegmatis (dOMVSM), and BCG (dOMVBCG). The immunogenicity of the OMV has been evaluated for specific antibody induction, and together with functional bactericidal and challenge assays in mice has shown their protective potential. dOMVB has been evaluated with non-neisserial antigens, including with a herpes virus type 2 glycoprotein, ovalbumin, and allergens. In conclusion, OMV are proving to be more versatile than first conceived and remain an important technology for development of vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Valerie A Ferro
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, Strathclyde University , Glasgow , UK
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70
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Park IH, Lin J, Choi JE, Shin JS. Characterization of Escherichia coli K1 colominic acid-specific murine antibodies that are cross-protective against Neisseria meningitidis groups B, C, and Y. Mol Immunol 2014; 59:142-53. [PMID: 24603121 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2014.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The capsular polysaccharide (PS) of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B (NMGB) is α(2-8)-linked N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac), which is almost identical to the O-acetylated colominic acid (CA) of Escherichia coli K1 Although E. coli K1 has long been known to elicit cross-protective antibodies against NMGB, limited information on these highly cross-reactive antibodies is available. In the present study, six new monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific to both E. coli K1 CA and NMGB PS were produced by immunizing Balb/c mice with E. coli K1, and their serological and molecular properties were characterized, together with 12 previously reported hybridoma mAbs. Among the bactericidal mAbs against NMGB, both HmenB5 and HmenB18, which are genetically identical though of different mouse origins, were able to kill serogroup C and Y meningococci. Based on SPR sensograms, the binding affinity of HmenB18 for PS was suggested to be associated with at least two different binding forces: the polyanionicity of Neu5Ac and an interaction with the O-acetyl groups of Neu5Ac. Molecular analysis showed that similar to most mAbs presenting a few restricted V region germline genes, the V region genes of HmenB18 were 979% and 986% identical to the closest IGHV1-1401 and IGLV15-10301 germline gene alleles, respectively, and V-D-J editing in this mAb generated an unusually long VH-CDR3 sequence (17 amino acid residues), containing one basic arginine, two hydrophobic isoleucine residues and a 'YAMDY' motif. Models of the mAb combining sites demonstrate that most of the mAbs exhibited a wide, shallow groove with a high overall positive charge, as seen in mAb735, which is specific for a polyanionic helical epitope. In contrast, the combining site of HmenB18 was shown to be wide but to present a relatively weak positive charge, consistent with the extensive recognition by HmenB18 of the various structural epitopes formed with the Neu5Ac residue and its O-acetylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Ho Park
- Ewha Center for Vaccine Evaluation and Study, Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 158-710, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisheng Lin
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Division of Laboratory Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - Ji Eun Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 156-707, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeon-Soo Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea; Severance Biomedical Science Institute and Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea.
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71
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Esposito S, Principi N. Vaccine profile of 4CMenB: a four-componentNeisseria meningitidisserogroup B vaccine. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 13:193-202. [DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2014.874949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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72
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Collard JM, Wang X, Mahamane AE, Idi I, Issaka B, Ousseni M, Mayer LW, Nato F, Moulia-Pelat JP. A five-year field assessment of rapid diagnostic tests for meningococcal meningitis in Niger by using the combination of conventional and real-time PCR assays as a gold standard. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2013; 108:6-12. [DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trt104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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73
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Preclinical immunogenicity and functional activity studies of an A+W meningococcal outer membrane vesicle (OMV) vaccine and comparisons with existing meningococcal conjugate- and polysaccharide vaccines. Vaccine 2013; 31:6097-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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74
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Fiebig T, Berti F, Freiberger F, Pinto V, Claus H, Romano MR, Proietti D, Brogioni B, Stummeyer K, Berger M, Vogel U, Costantino P, Gerardy-Schahn R. Functional expression of the capsule polymerase of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup X: a new perspective for vaccine development. Glycobiology 2013; 24:150-8. [PMID: 24259400 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwt102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neisseria meningitidis (Nm) is a leading cause of bacterial meningitis and sepsis. A key feature in pathogenicity is the capsular polysaccharide (CPS) that prevents complement activation and thus supports bacterial survival in the host. Twelve serogroups characterized by immunologically and structurally different CPSs have been identified. Meningococcal CPSs elicit bactericidal antibodies and consequently are used for the development of vaccines. Vaccination against the epidemiologically most relevant serogroups was initially carried out with purified CPS and later followed by conjugate vaccines which consist of CPS covalently linked to a carrier protein. Of increasing importance in the African meningitis belt is NmX for which no vaccine is currently available. Here, we describe the molecular cloning, recombinant expression and purification of the capsule polymerase (CP) of NmX called CsxA. The protein expressed with N- and/or C-terminal epitope tags was soluble and could be purified to near homogeneity. With short oligosaccharide primers derived from the NmX capsular polysaccharide (CPSX), recombinant CsxA produced long polymer chains in vitro that in immunoblots were detected with NmX-specific antibodies. Moreover, the chemical identity of in vitro produced NmX polysaccharides was confirmed by NMR. Besides the demonstration that the previously identified gene csxA encodes the NmX CP CsxA, the data presented in this study pave the way for the use of the recombinant CP as a safe and economic way to generate the CPSX in vaccine developmental programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timm Fiebig
- Institute for Cellular Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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75
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Development of a glycoconjugate vaccine to prevent meningitis in Africa caused by meningococcal serogroup X. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:19077-82. [PMID: 24191022 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1314476110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neisseria meningitidis is a major cause of bacterial meningitis worldwide, especially in the African meningitis belt, and has a high associated mortality. The meningococcal serogroups A, W, and X have been responsible for epidemics and almost all cases of meningococcal meningitis in the meningitis belt over the past 12 y. Currently no vaccine is available against meningococcal X (MenX). Because the development of a new vaccine through to licensure takes many years, this leaves Africa vulnerable to new epidemics of MenX meningitis at a time when the epidemiology of meningococcal meningitis on the continent is changing rapidly, following the recent introduction of a glycoconjugate vaccine against serogroup A. Here, we report the development of candidate glycoconjugate vaccines against MenX and preclinical data from their use in animal studies. Following optimization of growth conditions of our seed MenX strain for polysaccharide (PS) production, a scalable purification process was developed yielding high amounts of pure MenX PS. Different glycoconjugates were synthesized by coupling MenX oligosaccharides of varying chain length to CRM197 as carrier protein. Analytical methods were developed for in-process control and determination of purity and consistency of the vaccines. All conjugates induced high anti-MenX PS IgG titers in mice. Antibodies were strongly bactericidal against African MenX isolates. These findings support the further development of glycoconjugate vaccines against MenX and their assessment in clinical trials to produce a vaccine against the one cause of epidemic meningococcal meningitis that currently cannot be prevented by available vaccines.
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76
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Kaaijk P, van der Ende A, Luytjes W. Routine vaccination against MenB: considerations for implementation. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2013; 10:310-6. [PMID: 24141209 PMCID: PMC4185901 DOI: 10.4161/hv.26816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective polysaccharide(conjugate) vaccines against Neisseria meningitidis serogroups A, C, W, and Y have been widely used, but serogroup B meningococci remain a major cause of severe invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) worldwide, especially in infants. Recently, a vaccine, 4CMenB (Bexsero®), containing three recombinant proteins, and outer membrane vesicles (OMV) derived from a serogroup B meningococcal strain (MenB) has been licensed in Europe and Australia and is indicated for persons aged 2 mo or older. This article discusses what should be considered to enable a successful implementation of a broad coverage MenB vaccine in national immunization programs. Epidemiology data, vaccine characteristics including vaccine coverage, immunogenicity, post-implementation surveillance and costs are relevant aspects that should be taken into account when selecting an appropriate immunization strategy. The potential impact on strain variation and carriage, as well as monitoring vaccine effectiveness, and rare but potentially serious adverse events are points that need to be included in a post-implementation surveillance plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Kaaijk
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM); Centre for Immunology of Infectious diseases and Vaccines; Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Arie van der Ende
- Academic Medical Centre (AMC); Department of Medical Microbiology and the Netherlands Reference Laboratory for Bacterial Meningitis; Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Willem Luytjes
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM); Centre for Immunology of Infectious diseases and Vaccines; Bilthoven, the Netherlands
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77
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Jafri RZ, Ali A, Messonnier NE, Tevi-Benissan C, Durrheim D, Eskola J, Fermon F, Klugman KP, Ramsay M, Sow S, Zhujun S, Bhutta ZA, Abramson J. Global epidemiology of invasive meningococcal disease. Popul Health Metr 2013; 11:17. [PMID: 24016339 PMCID: PMC3848799 DOI: 10.1186/1478-7954-11-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neisseria meningitidis is one of the leading causes of bacterial meningitis globally and can also cause sepsis, pneumonia, and other manifestations. In countries with high endemic rates, the disease burden places an immense strain on the public health system. The worldwide epidemiology of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) varies markedly by region and over time. This review summarizes the burden of IMD in different countries and identifies the highest-incidence countries where routine preventive programs against Neisseria meningitidis would be most beneficial in providing protection. Available epidemiological data from the past 20 years in World Health Organization and European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control collections and published articles are included in this review, as well as direct communications with leading experts in the field. Countries were grouped into high-, moderate-, and low-incidence countries. The majority of countries in the high-incidence group are found in the African meningitis belt; many moderate-incidence countries are found in the European and African regions, and Australia, while low-incidence countries include many from Europe and the Americas. Priority countries for vaccine intervention are high- and moderate-incidence countries where vaccine-preventable serogroups predominate. Epidemiological data on burden of IMD are needed in countries where this is not known, particularly in South- East Asia and Eastern Mediterranean regions, so evidence-based decisions about the use of meningococcal vaccines can be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabab Z Jafri
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Division of Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Asad Ali
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Division of Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Carol Tevi-Benissan
- Immunisation, Vaccines and Biologicals, World Health Organisation, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - David Durrheim
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- Health Protection, Hunter New England Area, Wallsend, Australia
| | - Juhani Eskola
- Finnish National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Florence Fermon
- International vaccination working group, Médécins Sans Frontières, Paris, France
| | - Keith P Klugman
- Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, University of Witwatersrand and Medical Research Council, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Mary Ramsay
- Immunisation Department at the Health Protection Agency, Centre for Infections in Colindale, London, UK
| | - Samba Sow
- Center for Vaccine Development, Ministry of Health, Bamako, Mali
- School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shao Zhujun
- Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zulfiqar A Bhutta
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Division of Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Jon Abramson
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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