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D'Amato FR. Evaluation of μ-Opioid System Functionality in Mouse Pups: Ultrasonic Vocalizations as an Index of Infant Attachment. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2201:259-265. [PMID: 32975807 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0884-5_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The evaluation of ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) during isolation in 6-8-day-old mouse pups can give an indication of the perception of pups' discomfort and need for caretaker presence to overcome the unpleasant condition. Time spent vocalizing changed according to opioid activation, stress exposure, and genetic profile of pups. Deficits in attachment suggest altered opioid functioning and predisposal for long-term defective social behaviors and reward processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca R D'Amato
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy.
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52
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Prenatal Opioid Exposure Enhances Responsiveness to Future Drug Reward and Alters Sensitivity to Pain: A Review of Preclinical Models and Contributing Mechanisms. eNeuro 2020; 7:ENEURO.0393-20.2020. [PMID: 33060181 PMCID: PMC7768284 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0393-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The opioid crisis has resulted in an unprecedented number of neonates born with prenatal opioid exposure (POE); however, the long-term effects of POE on offspring behavior and neurodevelopment remain relatively unknown. The advantages and disadvantages of the various preclinical POE models developed over the last several decades are discussed in the context of clinical and translational relevance. Although considerable and important variability exists among preclinical models of POE, the examination of these preclinical models has revealed that opioid exposure during the prenatal period contributes to maladaptive behavioral development as offspring mature including an altered responsiveness to rewarding drugs and increased pain response. The present review summarizes key findings demonstrating the impact of POE on offspring drug self-administration (SA), drug consumption, the reinforcing properties of drugs, drug tolerance, and other reward-related behaviors such as hypersensitivity to pain. Potential underlying molecular mechanisms which may contribute to this enhanced addictive phenotype in POE offspring are further discussed with special attention given to key brain regions associated with reward including the striatum, prefrontal cortex (PFC), ventral tegmental area (VTA), hippocampus, and amygdala. Improvements in preclinical models and further areas of study are also identified which may advance the translational value of findings and help address the growing problem of POE in clinical populations.
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53
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Characterization of the intergenerational impact of in utero and postnatal oxycodone exposure. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:329. [PMID: 32968044 PMCID: PMC7511347 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-01012-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Prescription opioid abuse during and after pregnancy is a rising public health concern. While earlier studies have documented that offspring exposed to opioids in utero have impaired neurodevelopment, a significant knowledge gap remains in comparing the overall development between offspring exposed in utero and postnatally. Adding a layer of complexity is the role of heredity in the overall development of these exposed offspring. To fill in these important knowledge gaps, the current study uses a preclinical rat model mimicking oxycodone (oxy) exposure in utero (IUO) and postnatally (PNO) to investigate comparative and intergenerational effects in the two different treatment groups. While significant phenotypic attributes were observed with the two treatments and across the two generations, RNA sequencing revealed alterations in the expression of key synaptic genes in the two exposed groups in both generations. RNA sequencing and post validation of genes using RT-PCR highlighted the differential expression of several neuropeptides associated with the hypocretin system, a system recently implicated in addiction. Further, behavior studies revealed anxiety-like behaviors and social deficits that persisted even in the subsequent generations in the two treatment groups. To summarize, our study for the first time reveals a new line of investigation on the potential risks associated with oxy use during and after pregnancy, specifically the disruption of neurodevelopment and intergenerational impact on behavior.
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54
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Robinson SA, Jones AD, Brynildsen JK, Ehrlich ME, Blendy JA. Neurobehavioral effects of neonatal opioid exposure in mice: Influence of the OPRM1 SNP. Addict Biol 2020; 25:e12806. [PMID: 31267641 PMCID: PMC8450766 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Opioid use among pregnant women is a growing public health concern in the United States. Infants exposed to opioids in utero are at risk of exhibiting neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS). The biological mechanisms underlying short and long-term consequences of in utero opioid exposure and NOWS are unknown. A potential genetic factor is a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the mu-opioid receptor gene (OPRM1 A118G). Opioid exposed infants with the G-allele spend less time in hospitals after birth. To determine whether this SNP modulates the neurobehavioral effects of neonatal opioid exposure and withdrawal, we used mice possessing the equivalent Oprm1 SNP (A112G). Pups were treated chronically with saline or morphine from postnatal days (PNDs) 1 to 14, a developmental period equivalent to the third trimester of a human pregnancy and a sensitive period for opioid exposure in rodents. Morphine treatment produced significant developmental delays regardless of genotype and increased total ultrasonic vocalizations in males during spontaneous withdrawal. Animals were aged and tested for anxiety and drug response during adolescence and adulthood, respectively. AA morphine-treated animals showed reduced activity in the marble burying task compared with saline controls; however, this effect was absent in AG and GG animals. As adults, AA males exposed to morphine from PNDs 1 to 14 exhibited enhanced development of locomotor sensitization to morphine, whereas females showed reduced locomotor sensitization. These data suggest the involvement of the Oprm1 SNP for certain outcomes of neonatal opioid exposure and highlight the importance of considering sex and genetic variability for the prognosis of NOWS.
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MESH Headings
- Analgesics, Opioid/pharmacology
- Animals
- Behavior, Animal/drug effects
- Brain/drug effects
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Opioid-Related Disorders/genetics
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/drug effects
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics
- Pregnancy
- Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/genetics
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/drug effects
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivon A. Robinson
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, 19104
| | - Alonzo D. Jones
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, 19104
| | - Julia K. Brynildsen
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, 19104
| | - Michelle E. Ehrlich
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York NY, 10029
| | - Julie A. Blendy
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, 19104
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55
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Beauchamp KG, Lowe J, Schrader RM, Shrestha S, Aragón C, Moss N, Stephen JM, Bakhireva LN. Self-regulation and emotional reactivity in infants with prenatal exposure to opioids and alcohol. Early Hum Dev 2020; 148:105119. [PMID: 32679473 PMCID: PMC7478127 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2020.105119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infants with prenatal substance exposure are at increased risk for developmental problems, with self-regulatory challenges being some of the most pronounced. The current study aimed to investigate the extent to which prenatal substance exposure (alcohol, opioids) impacts infant self-regulation during a relational stressor and the association between self-regulation and infant affect. METHODS Participants were 100 mother-child dyads recruited prenatally (Mean = 23.8 gestational weeks) and completed the Still Face Paradigm (SFP) when infants were 5 to 8 months of age (Mean = 6.9 months) as part of an ENRICH prospective birth cohort study. Based on prospective repeated assessment of maternal substance use in pregnancy, infants were grouped into: 1) Unexposed controls; 2) Alcohol-exposed; 3) Opioid-exposed due to maternal use of medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) with or without other opioids; 4) MOUD and alcohol. Infant stress reactivity (negative affect) and self-regulation were assessed during the validated 5-episode SFP. Mixed effects linear models were used to analyze differences in the percent of self-regulation and percent of negative affect among the study groups across SFP episodes, as well as the group-by-self-regulation interaction with respect to infant negative affect. RESULTS The MOUD+Alcohol group demonstrated significantly lower self-regulation at baseline compared to controls (p < 0.05). There was a significant group-by-self-regulation interaction (p = 0.028). Higher self-regulation was associated with lower negative affect across SFP episodes in the MOUD+Alcohol group (p = 0.025) but not other groups. CONCLUSION Self-regulation skills are particularly important for emotional modulation in infants with prenatal polysubstance exposure, highlighting the development of these skills as a promising intervention target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn G Beauchamp
- Substance Use Research and Education (SURE) Center, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Jean Lowe
- Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | | | - Shikhar Shrestha
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02155, USA
| | - Crystal Aragón
- Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Natalia Moss
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | | | - Ludmila N Bakhireva
- Substance Use Research and Education (SURE) Center, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
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56
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Mahic M, Hernandez-Diaz S, Wood M, Kieler H, Odsbu I, Nørgaard M, Öztürk B, Bateman BT, Hjellvik V, Skurtveit S, Handal M. In utero opioid exposure and risk of infections in childhood: A multinational Nordic cohort study. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2020; 29:1596-1604. [PMID: 32767610 DOI: 10.1002/pds.5088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is an increasing number of children with in utero exposure to opioids. Knowledge about opioid safety in pregnancy, particularly for outcomes later in childhood is scarce. It has been suggested that opioids can modulate immune system and increase the risk of infections. Our goal was to study the impact of in utero opioid exposure on the immune system and the risk of infections in childhood. METHODS This population-based cohort study used nationwide registers from Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. Among pregnant women we identified users of opioids for two different indications, opioids used in opioid maintenance therapy (OMT) and opioids used for treatment of pain. We followed the exposed children and studied susceptibility for infections measured as number of antibiotic prescriptions expressed as Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and diagnoses in specialist health care expressed as hazard ratios (HRs). RESULTS After adjustment we did not observe increased risk for filling antibiotic prescriptions in children exposed to OMT opioids compared with OMT discontinuers (IRR, 1.08; 95% CI 0.81-1.44 in Norway and Sweden, and IRR, 0.74; 95% CI 0.63-0.88 in Denmark), or for diagnosis of infection in specialist health care (HR 0.83; 95% CI 0.55-1.26 in Norway and Sweden, and 0.82; 95% CI 0.62-1.10 in Denmark). CONCLUSIONS In this population-based cohort study, we did not observe increased risk of infections among children prenatally exposed to OMT opioids when compared to OMT discontinuers, nor long-term analgesic opioids exposed when compared to short-term analgesic opioids exposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milada Mahic
- Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sonia Hernandez-Diaz
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mollie Wood
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,PharmaTox Strategic Research Initiative, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Helle Kieler
- Centre for Pharmacoepidemiology, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingvild Odsbu
- Centre for Pharmacoepidemiology, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mette Nørgaard
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Buket Öztürk
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Brian T Bateman
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vidar Hjellvik
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Svetlana Skurtveit
- Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.,Norwegian Centre for Addiction Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marte Handal
- Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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57
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Franks AL, Berry KJ, DeFranco DB. Prenatal drug exposure and neurodevelopmental programming of glucocorticoid signalling. J Neuroendocrinol 2020; 32:e12786. [PMID: 31469457 PMCID: PMC6982551 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal neurodevelopment is dependent on precise functioning of multiple signalling pathways in the brain, including those mobilised by glucocorticoids (GC) and endocannabinoids (eCBs). Prenatal exposure to drugs of abuse, including opioids, alcohol, cocaine and cannabis, has been shown to not only impact GC signalling, but also alter functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Such exposures can have long-lasting neurobehavioural consequences, including alterations in the stress response in the offspring. Furthermore, cannabis contains cannabinoids that signal via the eCB pathway, which is linked to some components of GC signalling in the adult brain. Given that GCs are frequently used in pregnancy to prevent complications of prematurity, and also that rates of cannabis use in pregnancy are increasing, the likelihood of foetal co-exposure to these compounds is high and may have additional implications for long-term neurodevelopment. Here, we present a discussion of GC signalling and the HPA axis, as well as the effects of prenatal drug exposure on these pathways and the stress response, and we explore the interactions between GC and EC signalling in the developing brain and potential for neurodevelopmental consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis L Franks
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kimberly J Berry
- Center for Neuroscience at the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Donald B DeFranco
- Center for Neuroscience at the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology and Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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58
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Benninger KL, Borghese T, Kovalcik JB, Moore-Clingenpeel M, Isler C, Bonachea EM, Stark AR, Patrick SW, Maitre NL. Prenatal Exposures Are Associated With Worse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Infants With Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:462. [PMID: 32974241 PMCID: PMC7481438 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.00462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To define a developmental trajectory in infants with neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) and determine whether the impacted developmental domain varies with the type of antenatal exposure. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of infants treated pharmacologically for NOWS and assessed using a standardized schedule for follow-up visits. We compared outcomes of the study population to published norms using one-sample t-tests. Multivariable models examined associations with exposures in addition to opioids. Results: In our cohort of 285 infants with 9-12-months testing, 164 (55.7%) were seen at 3-4 months, and 125 (44%), at 15-18 months. The majority (58%) had intrauterine drug exposures in addition to opioids. Neurodevelopmental scores of infants with NOWS at 3-4 and 9-12 months were not different from published norms. Cognitive and language scores at 15-18 months were worse than published norms. Male sex, older maternal age, and additional barbiturate or alcohol exposure were associated with worse outcomes. Conclusion: Infants with pharmacologically treated NOWS had development similar to unexposed infants during the 1st year but worse cognitive and language scores during the 2nd year. These data support the need for a prospective follow-up of large cohorts of infants with NOWS, with systematic assessments and an evaluation of contributing factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen L Benninger
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States.,Center for Perinatal Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Teresa Borghese
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jason B Kovalcik
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Melissa Moore-Clingenpeel
- Biostatistics Core, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Cherie Isler
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Elizabeth M Bonachea
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Ann R Stark
- Department of Neonatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Stephen W Patrick
- Departments of Pediatrics and Health Policy, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Nathalie L Maitre
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States.,Center for Perinatal Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States.,Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
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59
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The imperative of clinical and molecular research on neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome. Mol Psychiatry 2019; 24:1568-1571. [PMID: 31506603 PMCID: PMC7983191 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0522-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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60
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Swain JE, Ho SS, Fox H, Garry D, Brummelte S. Effects of opioids on the parental brain in health and disease. Front Neuroendocrinol 2019; 54:100766. [PMID: 31128130 PMCID: PMC8318357 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2019.100766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The epidemic of opioid use disorder (OUD) directly affects millions of women of child-bearing age. Unfortunately, parenting behaviors - among the most important processes for human survival - are vulnerable to the effects of OUD. The standard of care for pregnant women with OUD is opioid maintenance therapy (OMT), of which the primary objective is to mitigate addiction-related stress. The aim of this review is to synthesize current information specific to pregnancy and parenting that may be affected by OUD. We first summarize a model of the parental brain supported by animal research and human neuroimaging. We then review animal models of exogenous opioid effects on parental brain and behavior. We also present preliminary data for a unifying hypothesis that may link different effects of exogenous opioids on parenting across species and in the context of OMT. Finally, we discuss future directions that may inform research and clinical decision making for peripartum women with OUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Swain
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, and Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Center for Human Growth & Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
| | - S Shaun Ho
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, and Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Helen Fox
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, and Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - David Garry
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Susanne Brummelte
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States.
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61
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Lambert KG, Byrnes EM. Challenges to the parental brain: Neuroethological and translational considerations. Front Neuroendocrinol 2019; 53:100747. [PMID: 31004617 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Extending from research documenting adaptive parental responses in nonthreatening contexts, the influences of various neuroethological and physiological challenges on effective parenting responses are considered in the current review. In natural habitats, rodent family units are exposed to predators, compromised resources, and other environmental stressors that disrupt HPA axis functions. With the additional physiological demands associated with caring for offspring, alterations in stress-related neuroendocrine responsiveness contribute to adaptive responses in many challenging contexts. Some environmental contexts, however, such as restricted nesting resources, result in disrupted maternal responses that have a negative impact on offspring wellbeing. Additionally, parental dysregulation associated with exposure to environmental chemicals or pharmacological substances, also compromise maternal responses with effects that often extend to future generations. Continued preclinical and clinical research elucidating parental responses to various stressors and physiological disruptors is necessary to provide valuable translational information identifying threats to effective parenting outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly G Lambert
- Department of Psychology, University of Richmond, VA 23173, United States.
| | - Elizabeth M Byrnes
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, N. Grafton, MA 01536, United States
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62
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Harder HJ, Murphy AZ. Early life opioid exposure and potential long-term effects. Neurobiol Stress 2019; 10:100156. [PMID: 31338390 PMCID: PMC6629922 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2019.100156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The long-term consequences of perinatal opioid exposure and subsequent development of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome is largely unknown and likely dependent on a multitude of factors, including co-morbid drug use, pre- and post-natal care, and individual factors including the maternal-infant relationship and home environment. This review summarizes the current literature from clinical and preclinical studies on perinatal opioid exposure, focusing on the consequences in the offspring. Although a large number of preclinical studies have been conducted examining the impact of prenatal opioid exposure, the models employed are not necessarily representative of clinical use patterns, making it challenging to translate these results to the impacted population. Use of more clinically-relevant models of perinatal opioid exposure are requisite for the development of improved pharmacological and behavioral treatment strategies to improve quality of life for this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne Z. Murphy
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30308, USA
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63
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Tsai SY, Bendriem RM, Lee CTD. The cellular basis of fetal endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress in drug-induced neurodevelopmental deficits. Neurobiol Stress 2019; 10:100145. [PMID: 30937351 PMCID: PMC6430408 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2018.100145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal substance exposure is a growing public health concern worldwide. Although the opioid crisis remains one of the most prevalent addiction problems in our society, abuse of cocaine, methamphetamines, and other illicit drugs, particularly amongst pregnant women, are nonetheless significant and widespread. Evidence demonstrates prenatal drug exposure can affect fetal brain development and thus can have long-lasting impact on neurobehavioral and cognitive performance later in life. In this review, we highlight research examining the most prevalent drugs of abuse and their effects on brain development with a focus on endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress signaling pathways. A thorough exploration of drug-induced cellular stress mechanisms during prenatal brain development may provide insight into therapeutic interventions to combat effects of prenatal drug exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-Y.A. Tsai
- Integrative Neuroscience Branch, Division of Neuroscience and Behavior, National Institute on Drug Abuse, The National Institute of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Raphael M. Bendriem
- Center for Neurogenetics, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Chun-Ting D. Lee
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, USA
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64
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Kvello AMS, Andersen JM, Øiestad EL, Steinsland S, Aase A, Mørland J, Bogen IL. A Monoclonal Antibody against 6-Acetylmorphine Protects Female Mice Offspring from Adverse Behavioral Effects Induced by Prenatal Heroin Exposure. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2018; 368:106-115. [PMID: 30361238 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.251504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Escalating opioid use among fertile women has increased the number of children being exposed to opioids during fetal life. Furthermore, accumulating evidence links prenatal opioid exposure, including opioid maintenance treatment, to long-term negative effects on cognition and behavior, and presses the need to explore novel treatment strategies for pregnant opioid users. The present study examined the potential of a monoclonal antibody (mAb) targeting heroin's first metabolite, 6-acetylmorphine (6-AM), in providing fetal protection against harmful effects of prenatal heroin exposure in mice. First, we examined anti-6-AM mAb's ability to block materno-fetal transfer of active metabolites after maternal heroin administration. Next, we studied whether maternal mAb pretreatment could prevent adverse effects in neonatal and adolescent offspring exposed to intrauterine heroin (3 × 1.05 mg/kg). Anti-6-AM mAb pretreatment of pregnant dams profoundly reduced the distribution of active heroin metabolites to the fetal brain. Furthermore, maternal mAb administration prevented hyperactivity and drug sensitization in adolescent female offspring prenatally exposed to heroin. Our findings demonstrate that passive immunization with a 6-AM-specific antibody during pregnancy provides fetal neuroprotection against heroin metabolites, and thereby prevents persistent adverse behavioral effects in the offspring. An immunotherapeutic approach to protect the fetus against long-term effects of prenatal drug exposure has not been reported previously, and should be further explored as prophylactic treatment of pregnant heroin users susceptible to relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Marte Sjursen Kvello
- Section for Drug Abuse Research, Department of Forensic Sciences, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (A.M.S.K., J.M.A., E.L.Ø., S.S., I.L.B.); School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences (A.M.S.K., J.M.A., E.L.Ø.), Institute of Basic Medical Sciences (I.L.B.) and Institute of Clinical Medicine (J.M.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; and Department of Infectious Disease Immunology (A.A.) and Department of Health Data and Digitalization (J.M.), Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jannike Mørch Andersen
- Section for Drug Abuse Research, Department of Forensic Sciences, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (A.M.S.K., J.M.A., E.L.Ø., S.S., I.L.B.); School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences (A.M.S.K., J.M.A., E.L.Ø.), Institute of Basic Medical Sciences (I.L.B.) and Institute of Clinical Medicine (J.M.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; and Department of Infectious Disease Immunology (A.A.) and Department of Health Data and Digitalization (J.M.), Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elisabeth Leere Øiestad
- Section for Drug Abuse Research, Department of Forensic Sciences, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (A.M.S.K., J.M.A., E.L.Ø., S.S., I.L.B.); School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences (A.M.S.K., J.M.A., E.L.Ø.), Institute of Basic Medical Sciences (I.L.B.) and Institute of Clinical Medicine (J.M.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; and Department of Infectious Disease Immunology (A.A.) and Department of Health Data and Digitalization (J.M.), Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Synne Steinsland
- Section for Drug Abuse Research, Department of Forensic Sciences, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (A.M.S.K., J.M.A., E.L.Ø., S.S., I.L.B.); School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences (A.M.S.K., J.M.A., E.L.Ø.), Institute of Basic Medical Sciences (I.L.B.) and Institute of Clinical Medicine (J.M.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; and Department of Infectious Disease Immunology (A.A.) and Department of Health Data and Digitalization (J.M.), Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Audun Aase
- Section for Drug Abuse Research, Department of Forensic Sciences, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (A.M.S.K., J.M.A., E.L.Ø., S.S., I.L.B.); School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences (A.M.S.K., J.M.A., E.L.Ø.), Institute of Basic Medical Sciences (I.L.B.) and Institute of Clinical Medicine (J.M.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; and Department of Infectious Disease Immunology (A.A.) and Department of Health Data and Digitalization (J.M.), Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jørg Mørland
- Section for Drug Abuse Research, Department of Forensic Sciences, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (A.M.S.K., J.M.A., E.L.Ø., S.S., I.L.B.); School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences (A.M.S.K., J.M.A., E.L.Ø.), Institute of Basic Medical Sciences (I.L.B.) and Institute of Clinical Medicine (J.M.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; and Department of Infectious Disease Immunology (A.A.) and Department of Health Data and Digitalization (J.M.), Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inger Lise Bogen
- Section for Drug Abuse Research, Department of Forensic Sciences, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (A.M.S.K., J.M.A., E.L.Ø., S.S., I.L.B.); School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences (A.M.S.K., J.M.A., E.L.Ø.), Institute of Basic Medical Sciences (I.L.B.) and Institute of Clinical Medicine (J.M.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; and Department of Infectious Disease Immunology (A.A.) and Department of Health Data and Digitalization (J.M.), Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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Vassoler FM, Oranges ML, Toorie AM, Byrnes EM. Oxycodone self-administration during pregnancy disrupts the maternal-infant dyad and decreases midbrain OPRM1 expression during early postnatal development in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2018; 173:74-83. [PMID: 30055180 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Opioid use and abuse has reached epidemic levels in the United States. As these drugs are frequently used by women of reproductive age, there has been a significant increase in the number of infants born to opioid dependent women. Few preclinical studies have examined voluntary opioid intake during pregnancy, and none have used intravenous self-administration. Thus, the purpose of the current set of studies was to utilize a translational model of oxycodone self-administration in rats to determine the effects of oxycodone intake during pregnancy on early postnatal outcomes. Females were trained to intravenously self-administer oxycodone several weeks prior to mating and then continuously throughout pregnancy followed by withdrawal around the time of parturition. Offspring were monitored for weight gain and separation-induced ultrasonic vocalizations (i.e. number of calls) while dams were examined for motivated maternal responding. Neural expression of the mu opioid receptor gene OPRM1 was examined in offspring on postnatal day 1 (PND1). Results indicate that females self-administer oxycodone during pregnancy at levels similar to those observed in cycling females. Postpartum, oxycodone withdrawn females demonstrate impaired maternal responding. In offspring, while no significant group effects were observed on body weight or call number, age-dependent alterations in weight gain and call number correlated with the dams cumulative oxycodone dose during pregnancy. In addition, offspring demonstrated region specific effects of oxycodone exposure on OPRM1 on PND1. Overall, these findings demonstrate that pregnant females will voluntarily self-administer oxycodone at levels similar to cycling females when using a short access model. Further, maternal oxycodone self-administration alters the maternal-offspring dyad in a manner that is dose-dependent and results in sex- and region-specific effects on OPRM1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fair M Vassoler
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tuft University, North Grafton, MA 02536, United States of America
| | - Michelle L Oranges
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tuft University, North Grafton, MA 02536, United States of America
| | - Anika M Toorie
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tuft University, North Grafton, MA 02536, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth M Byrnes
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tuft University, North Grafton, MA 02536, United States of America.
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66
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Gilardi F, Augsburger M, Thomas A. Will Widespread Synthetic Opioid Consumption Induce Epigenetic Consequences in Future Generations? Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:702. [PMID: 30018553 PMCID: PMC6037745 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing number of evidence demonstrates that ancestral exposure to xenobiotics (pollutants, drugs of abuse, etc.) can perturb the physiology and behavior of descendants. Both maternal and paternal transmission of phenotype across generations has been proved, demonstrating that parental drug history may have significant implications for subsequent generations. In the last years, the burden of novel synthetic opioid (NSO) consumption, due to increased medical prescription of pain medications and to easier accessibility of these substances on illegal market, is raising new questions first in term of public health, but also about the consequences of the parental use of these drugs on future generations. Besides being associated to the neonatal abstinence syndrome, in utero exposure to opioids has an impact on neuronal development with long-term repercussions that are potentially transmitted to subsequent generations. In addition, recent reports suggest that opioid use even before conception influences the reactivity to opioids of the progeny and the following generations, likely through epigenetic mechanisms. This review describes the current knowledge about the transgenerational effects of opioid consumption. We summarize the preclinical and clinical findings showing the implications for the subsequent generations of parental exposure to opioids earlier in life. Limitations of the existing data on NSOs and new perspectives of the research are also discussed, as well as clinical and forensic consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Gilardi
- Forensic Toxicology and Chemistry Unit, University Center of Legal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital - Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marc Augsburger
- Forensic Toxicology and Chemistry Unit, University Center of Legal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital - Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Aurelien Thomas
- Forensic Toxicology and Chemistry Unit, University Center of Legal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital - Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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