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Pottiez G, Haverland N, Ciborowski P. Mass spectrometric characterization of gelsolin isoforms. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2010; 24:2620-2624. [PMID: 20740538 PMCID: PMC3286873 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Gelsolin is the most widely expressed member of the actin capping and severing family of proteins. There are two isoforms of gelsolin: isoform 1, a secretory (plasma) protein that is 51 amino acids longer than isoform 2, a cytosolic protein, at the N-terminus; the first 27 amino acids is a signal sequence. Both isoforms are coded by a single gene and differ as a result of alternative initiation site/splicing. The level of gelsolin in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is altered in many diseases including amyloidoses and other neurodegenerative disorders. Although quantitative analysis of gelsolin has been reported, lack of suitable antibodies makes it impossible to differentiate these two isoforms by immunodetection techniques and no other technique is available. Therefore, ambiguity exists whether gelsolin present in circulation is isoform 1 or also isoform 2 released from lysed cells. We report in this communication a mass spectrometric approach to identify isoform 1 of gelsolin immunopurified from human plasma and CSF. Recombinant isoform 1 was used as reference.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - P. Ciborowski
- Corresponding author: Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience University of Nebraska Medical Center 985800 University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha, NE 68198-5800 USA Phone: + 1 402 559-3733 FAX: + 1 402 559-7495
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52
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Moura AA, Souza CE, Stanley BA, Chapman DA, Killian GJ. Proteomics of cauda epididymal fluid from mature Holstein bulls. J Proteomics 2010; 73:2006-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2010.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2010] [Revised: 06/03/2010] [Accepted: 06/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Calcium induces expression of cytoplasmic gelsolin in SH-SY5Y and HEK-293 cells. Neurochem Res 2010; 35:1075-82. [PMID: 20339915 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-010-0157-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Gelsolin plays an important role in the regulation of amyloid beta-protein fibrillogenesis. We report here that calcium ionophore A23187 induces the expression of cytoplasmic gelsolin (c-gelsolin), and that protein kinase C (PKC) is involved in the up-regulation of c-gelsolin. In the presence of calcium, both SH-SY5Y and HEK-293 cells upon treatment with A23187 showed an increase in c-gelsolin expression in a concentration-dependent manner. Calcium-mediated up-regulation of c-gelsolin was inhibited by cycloheximide (a general inhibitor of protein synthesis). When cells were pretreated with staurosporine (an inhibitor of a variety of protein kinases including PKC), the up-regulation of c-gelsolin induced by A23187 was inhibited. Calphostin C, an inhibitor of PKC, blocked the up-regulation of c-gelsolin induced by A23187, while inhibitors of mitogen-activated protein kinases had no effect on c-gelsolin expression. In addition, phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate, an activator of PKC, up-regulated c-gelsolin expression. These results suggest that calcium mediates up-regulation of c-gelsolin in a PKC-dependent manner.
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54
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Ca2+ binding by domain 2 plays a critical role in the activation and stabilization of gelsolin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:13713-8. [PMID: 19666512 PMCID: PMC2720848 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0812374106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gelsolin consists of six homologous domains (G1-G6), each containing a conserved Ca-binding site. Occupation of a subset of these sites enables gelsolin to sever and cap actin filaments in a Ca-dependent manner. Here, we present the structures of Ca-free human gelsolin and of Ca-bound human G1-G3 in a complex with actin. These structures closely resemble those determined previously for equine gelsolin. However, the G2 Ca-binding site is occupied in the human G1-G3/actin structure, whereas it is vacant in the equine version. In-depth comparison of the Ca-free and Ca-activated, actin-bound human gelsolin structures suggests G2 and G6 to be cooperative in binding Ca(2+) and responsible for opening the G2-G6 latch to expose the F-actin-binding site on G2. Mutational analysis of the G2 and G6 Ca-binding sites demonstrates their interdependence in maintaining the compact structure in the absence of calcium. Examination of Ca binding by G2 in human G1-G3/actin reveals that the Ca(2+) locks the G2-G3 interface. Thermal denaturation studies of G2-G3 indicate that Ca binding stabilizes this fragment, driving it into the active conformation. The G2 Ca-binding site is mutated in gelsolin from familial amyloidosis (Finnish-type) patients. This disease initially proceeds through protease cleavage of G2, ultimately to produce a fragment that forms amyloid fibrils. The data presented here support a mechanism whereby the loss of Ca binding by G2 prolongs the lifetime of partially activated, intermediate conformations in which the protease cleavage site is exposed.
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55
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Dahl B. The extracellular actin scavenger system in trauma and major surgery. ACTA ORTHOPAEDICA. SUPPLEMENTUM 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/03008820510040694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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56
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Walsh N, Dowling P, O'Donovan N, Henry M, Meleady P, Clynes M. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 and gelsolin identified as novel invasion-modulating factors in conditioned medium of pancreatic cancer cells. J Proteomics 2008; 71:561-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2008.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2008] [Revised: 08/13/2008] [Accepted: 09/16/2008] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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57
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Goldfinch GM, Smith WD, Imrie L, McLean K, Inglis NF, Pemberton AD. The proteome of gastric lymph in normal and nematode infected sheep. Proteomics 2008; 8:1909-18. [PMID: 18384101 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200700531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Lymph node cannulation allows the collection of lymph draining from a defined anatomical region. Proteomic analysis of that lymph offers a potentially valuable insight into the immunoinflammatory response of that particular region. In this study, ovine gastric lymph has been used to monitor the proteomic changes occurring in the tissue fluid of the abomasum, in response to infection with the parasitic nematode, Teladorsagia circumcincta. Lymph, collected temporally over an experimental infection period, was analysed by means of 2-DE and subsequent gel analysis using densitometry software. In addition, the composition of the lymphatic proteome was further explored by means of MALDI-TOF and MS/MS analyses. The concentration of gelsolin, alpha-1 beta glycoprotein and haemopexin were altered significantly (p<0.05) with infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian M Goldfinch
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Veterinary Centre, Edinburgh, UK.
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58
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Cytoplasmic gelsolin in pheochromocytoma-12 cells forms a complex with amyloid beta-protein. Neuroreport 2008; 19:463-6. [DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0b013e3282f5f79a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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59
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Paine MS, Perryman PB, Yang L, Yin HL, Krueger JK. Global structure changes associated with Ca2+ activation of full-length human plasma gelsolin. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:25884-92. [PMID: 17604278 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m702446200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Gelsolin regulates the dynamic assembly and disassembly of the actin-based cytoskeleton in non-muscle cells and clears the circulation of filaments released following cell death. Gelsolin is a six-domain (G1-G6) protein activated by calcium via a multi-step process that involves unfolding from a compact form to a more open form in which the three actin-binding sites (on the G1, G2, and G4 subdomains) become exposed. To follow the global structural changes that accompany calcium activation of gelsolin, small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) data were collected for full-length human plasma gelsolin at nanomolar to millimolar concentrations of free Ca2+. Analysis of these data showed that, upon increasing free Ca2+ levels, the radius of gyration (Rg) increased nearly 12 A, from 31.1+/-0.3 to 43+/-2 A, and the maximum linear dimension (Dmax) of the gelsolin molecule increased 55 A, from 100 to 155A. Structural reconstruction of gelsolin from these data provided a striking visual tracking of the gradual Ca2+-induced opening of the gelsolin molecule and highlighted the critical role played by the flexible linkers between homologous domains. The tightly packed architecture of calcium-free gelsolin, seen from both SAXS and x-ray crystallographic models, is already partially opened up in as low as 0.5 nM Ca2+. Our data confirm that, although the molecule springs open from 0 to 1 microM free Ca2+, even higher calcium concentrations help to stabilize a more open structure, with increases in Rg and Dmax of approximately 2 and approximately 15 A, respectively. At these higher calcium levels, the SAXS-based models provide a molecular shape that is compatible with that of the crystal structures solved for Ca2+/gelsolin C-terminal and N-terminal halves+/-monomeric G-actin. Placement of these crystal structures within the boundaries of the SAXS-based model suggests a movement of the G1/G2 subunits that would be required upon binding to actin.
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60
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Lee PS, Waxman AB, Cotich KL, Chung SW, Perrella MA, Stossel TP. Plasma gelsolin is a marker and therapeutic agent in animal sepsis. Crit Care Med 2007; 35:849-55. [PMID: 17205019 DOI: 10.1097/01.ccm.0000253815.26311.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Plasma gelsolin is a circulating actin-binding protein that serves a protective role against tissue injuries. Depletion of plasma gelsolin in systemic inflammation may contribute to adverse outcomes. We examined the role of plasma gelsolin in animal models of sepsis. DESIGN Animal and laboratory experiments. SETTING Academic research laboratory. SUBJECTS Adult male mice. INTERVENTIONS Mice subjected to endotoxin or cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) were treated with exogenous plasma gelsolin or placebo. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS We document the depletion of plasma gelsolin (25-50% of normal) in murine models of sepsis associated with the presence of circulating actin within 6 hrs of septic challenge. Repletion of plasma gelsolin leads to solubilization of circulating actin aggregates and significantly reduces mortality in endotoxemic mice (survival rates were 88% in the gelsolin group vs. 0% in the saline group, p < .001) and in CLP-challenged mice (survival rates were 30% in the gelsolin group vs. 0% in the saline group, p = .001). Plasma gelsolin repletion also shifted the cytokine profile of endotoxemic mice toward anti-inflammatory (plasma interleukin-10 levels were 205 +/- 108 pg/mL in the gelsolin group vs. 39 +/- 29 pg/mL in the saline group, p = .02). CONCLUSIONS We propose that circulation of particulate actin is a marker for sepsis-induced cell injury, that plasma gelsolin has a crucial protective role in sepsis, and that gelsolin replacement represents a potential therapy for this common lethal condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Shun Lee
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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61
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Abstract
Gelsolin is a calcium-activated actin filament severing and capping protein found in many cell types and as a secreted form in the plasma of vertebrates. Mutant mice for gelsolin as well as clinical studies have shown that gelsolin is linked to a number of pathological conditions such as inflammation, cancer and amyloidosis. The tight regulation of gelsolin by calcium is crucial for its physiological role and constitutive activation leads to apoptosis. In the following we will give an overview on how gelsolin is regulated by calcium, and which clinical conditions have been linked to lack or misregulation of gelsolin.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Spinardi
- Direzione Scientifica, IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Policlinico, Mangiagalli e Regina Elena, Via Francesco Sforza 28, 20122 Milano, Italy.
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62
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The unusual history and unique properties of the calcium signal. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-7306(06)41001-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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63
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Page LJ, Huff ME, Kelly JW, Balch WE. Ca2+ binding protects against gelsolin amyloidosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004; 322:1105-10. [PMID: 15336957 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.07.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid diseases occur when native or mutant polypeptides misfold and aggregate to form deposits in the extracellular space. There are at least 20 proteins associated with amyloid diseases, including the well-known amyloid-beta peptide that is the causative agent for Alzheimer's disease (AD). This review describes familial amyloidosis of Finnish type (FAF), an amyloid disease caused by mutations in plasma gelsolin, a secreted protein that contains multiple Ca2+-binding domains. The FAF mutations result in a loss of the Ca2+-binding site in domain 2 of plasma gelsolin. The resulting decreased stability gives rise to susceptibility to the protease furin in the Golgi. Furin cleavage generates a secreted fragment that undergoes a second proteolytic event in the extracellular matrix to produce a peptide that self-assembles into amyloid plaques. Thus, Ca2+ binding in native plasma gelsolin protects against amyloid disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley J Page
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Childhood and Neglected Diseases, The Scripps Research Institute MB6, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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64
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Matsumoto N, Kitayama H, Kitada M, Kimura K, Noda M, Ide C. Isolation of a set of genes expressed in the choroid plexus of the mouse using suppression subtractive hybridization. Neuroscience 2003; 117:405-15. [PMID: 12614681 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4522(02)00827-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The choroid plexus produces cerebrospinal fluid, providing a specialized environment for the CNS. We previously demonstrated that choroid plexus ependymal cells can enhance nerve regeneration in vivo and promote neurite outgrowth in vitro. To understand the molecular mechanisms of choroid plexus functions, we isolated genes predominantly expressed in the mouse choroid plexus using suppression subtractive hybridization. Out of the 49 complementary DNA (cDNA) fragments isolated in two types of screening, 43 matched known sequences in the database and six were novel. In one type of screening where choroid plexus cDNAs were subtracted with cerebral cortex cDNAs, transthyretin and phosphodiesterase I alpha were predominant. This is consistent with previous reports and supports the authenticity of our approach. In the other type of screening, cDNAs derived from the choroid plexus of neonatal (postnatal day 5) mice were subtracted with cDNAs from the choroid plexus of adult mice. RNA blot and/or in situ hybridization confirmed abundant expression, in the mouse choroid plexus, of the mRNA encoding gelsolin, phospholipid transfer protein, ATP-binding cassette transporter A8 (ABCA8), androgen-inducible aldehyde reductase, and Na(+)/sulfate cotransporter SUT-1. Also, one novel gene (FS88) was found to be expressed in the choroid plexus from neonatal mice. Our data suggest that the choroid plexus cells produce molecules involved in processes such as prevention of fibrillization of amyloid beta-protein (transthyretin and gelsolin), lipid metabolism (phospholipid transfer protein and ABCA8), and detoxification (androgen-inducible aldehyde reductase).
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Affiliation(s)
- N Matsumoto
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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65
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Furukawa H, Fujita H, Kokubu I, Yamamoto Y, Sasaki S, Chodon T, Okubo Y, Sugihara T, Kuzumaki N. Identification of a novel gelsolin truncate in the vertical and metastatic phase malignant melanomas. Melanoma Res 2002; 12:523-8. [PMID: 12459641 DOI: 10.1097/00008390-200212000-00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Examination of 38 human melanoma samples by Western blotting analysis with anti-gelsolin antibodies showed that a new 85 kDa truncated gelsolin (GSNp85), co-expressed with wild-type gelsolin, was frequently expressed in vertical growth phase melanomas (Clark level II-IV) and metastatic growth phase melanomas. The GSNp85 truncate was not expressed in radial growth phase melanomas (Clark level I), acquired naevi, other skin cancers or normal skin tissues. Peptide-sequencing analysis revealed that GSNp85 lacks the C-terminal domain of wild-type gelsolin at the region containing the caspase-8 recognition site IETD. Caspase-8 processing was detected in GSNp85-positive but not GSNp85-negative melanomas. These data suggest that GSNp85 is a cleavage product of caspase-8 and may be useful as a new marker for the vertical or metastatic growth phase of malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Furukawa
- Division of Cancer Gene Regulation, Research Section of Disease Control, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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66
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Takiguchi K, Yamashiro-Matsumura S, Matsumura F. Artificial phosphorylation removes Gelsolin's dependence on calcium. Cell Struct Funct 2000; 25:57-65. [PMID: 10791895 DOI: 10.1247/csf.25.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gelsolin is one of the best known actin-binding proteins with several distinct activities regulated by calcium. Using a kinase fraction isolated from mitotic HeLa cells, we found that the plasma form of gelsolin can be phosphorylated at a site located within the NH2-terminus region which does not exist in the cytoplasmic form. After this phosphorylation, gelsolin no longer requires Ca2+ for activity; it severs and subsequently caps actin filaments, and nucleates filament formation in Ca2+-free solution. These findings may clarify the mechanism of gelsolin regulation by Ca2+, and indicate that changes in electrical interactions between the NH2- and COOH-terminal ends are important for this regulation. Moreover, since only a single site is phosphorylated, and since the phosphorylated region does not contribute to this protein's own activity, the results suggest that a single chemical charge modification at a site away from the protein's core structure, such as this phosphorylation site, is sufficient to alter the protein's function.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Takiguchi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers University Piscataway, New Jersey, USA.
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67
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68
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Abstract
Ubiquitous among eukaryotes, the ADF/cofilins are essential proteins responsible for the high turnover rates of actin filaments in vivo. In vertebrates, ADF and cofilin are products of different genes. Both bind to F-actin cooperatively and induce a twist in the actin filament that results in the loss of the phalloidin-binding site. This conformational change may be responsible for the enhancement of the off rate of subunits at the minus end of ADF/cofilin-decorated filaments and for the weak filament-severing activity. Binding of ADF/cofilin is competitive with tropomyosin. Other regulatory mechanisms in animal cells include binding of phosphoinositides, phosphorylation by LIM kinases on a single serine, and changes in pH. Although vertebrate ADF/cofilins contain a nuclear localization sequence, they are usually concentrated in regions containing dynamic actin pools, such as the leading edge of migrating cells and neuronal growth cones. ADF/cofilins are essential for cytokinesis, phagocytosis, fluid phase endocytosis, and other cellular processes dependent upon actin dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Bamburg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523, USA.
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69
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Kangas H, Ulmanen I, Paunio T, Kwiatkowski DJ, Lehtovirta M, Jalanko A, Peltonen L. Functional consequences of amyloidosis mutation for gelsolin polypeptide -- analysis of gelsolin-actin interaction and gelsolin processing in gelsolin knock-out fibroblasts. FEBS Lett 1999; 454:233-9. [PMID: 10431814 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(99)00790-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Gelsolin, an actin-modulating protein, derived from a single gene exists in intracellular and secreted forms. A point mutation at position 187 of both forms of gelsolin causes familial amyloidosis of the Finnish type (FAF). Here, we expressed both isoforms of the wild-type and FAF mutant gelsolin in mouse embryonic gelsolin-null fibroblasts. We demonstrate that the FAF mutation does not interfere with the normal actin-modulating function of intracellular gelsolin, and that aberrant processing of secreted FAF gelsolin to FAF amyloid precursor takes place in the gelsolin-negative background. These results suggest that, in patients with FAF, symptoms are caused by the accumulation in their tissues of amyloid derived from plasma gelsolin and are not due to functional differences in cytoplasmic gelsolin.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kangas
- National Public Health Institute, Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Helsinki, Finland.
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70
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Abstract
Gelsolin-related amyloidosis (familial amyloidosis, Finnish type) is a rare disorder, reported worldwide in kindreds carrying a G654A or G654T gelsolin gene mutation. Facial palsy, mild peripheral neuropathy, and corneal lattice dystrophy are characteristic, but atrophic bulbar palsy, ataxia of gait, and minor cognitive impairment may occur. In histological and immunohistochemical studies of the central nervous system in 4 patients with a G654A gelsolin mutation, we found widespread spinal, cerebral, and meningeal amyloid angiopathy, with deposition of gelsolin-related amyloid (AGel). Marked extravascular deposits occurred in the dura, spinal nerve roots, and sensory ganglia. The amyloid deposits were also variably immunoreactive for apolipoprotein E (ApoE), alpha1-antichymotrypsin (alpha1-ACT), and cystatin C (Cys C). Cerebral perivascular fibrinogen immunoreactivity was occasionally noted. The patients showed posterior column degeneration and diffuse loss of myelin in the centrum semiovale with perivascular accentuation. Postmortem magnetic resonance imaging, performed on 1 patient, showed white matter lesions, colocalizing with the histological abnormalities. Our study shows that deposition of AGel in the spinal and cerebral blood vessel walls, meninges, as well as spinal nerve roots and sensory ganglia is an essential feature of this form of systemic amyloidosis and may contribute to the central nervous system symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kiuru
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland
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71
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Geng YJ, Azuma T, Tang JX, Hartwig JH, Muszynski M, Wu Q, Libby P, Kwiatkowski DJ. Caspase-3-induced gelsolin fragmentation contributes to actin cytoskeletal collapse, nucleolysis, and apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells exposed to proinflammatory cytokines. Eur J Cell Biol 1998; 77:294-302. [PMID: 9930654 DOI: 10.1016/s0171-9335(98)80088-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Gelsolin, an 80 kDa actin-severing protein, has been recently identified as a substrate for the cell death-promoting cysteinyl protease caspase-3 (CPP32/apopain/YAMA). We investigated the role of gelsolin and its cleavage product in apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) induced by the proinflammatory cytokines interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). Treatment with a combination of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha reduced viability of SMC in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Immunoblotting revealed that SMC treated with the cytokines generated a 41 kDa gelsolin fragment. The gelsolin fragmentation required activation of caspase-3, as the caspase-3 inhibitor diminished cytokine-induced cell death as well as the fragmentation. Gelsolin cleavage was accompanied by a reduction in F-actin content and by a marked disruption of cell structure. Adenovirus-mediated transfection of this N-terminal gelsolin fragment into SMC altered cell morphology, reduced cell viability, increased the number of TUNEL-positive cells, and promoted internucleosomal DNA fragmentation. Compared to wild-type cells, gelsolin-deficient SMC showed resistance to apoptosis induced by the inflammatory cytokines. These results suggest a mechanistic role for gelsolin cleavage during SMC apoptosis, a process implicated in vessel development as well as stability of atherosclerotic plaque.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Geng
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Institute, Allegheny University of the Health Sciences, Pittsburgh, PA 15212, USA.
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72
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Paunio T, Kangas H, Heinonen O, Buc-Caron MH, Robert JJ, Kaasinen S, Julkunen I, Mallet J, Peltonen L. Cells of the neuronal lineage play a major role in the generation of amyloid precursor fragments in gelsolin-related amyloidosis. J Biol Chem 1998; 273:16319-24. [PMID: 9632693 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.26.16319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Gelsolin-related amyloidosis or familial amyloidosis, Finnish type (FAF) (OMIM No105120) is a hereditary amyloid disease caused by a mutation in a precursor protein for amyloid (gelsolin) and characterized by corneal dystrophy and polyneuropathy. In vitro expression of the FAF-mutant (Asp187 --> Asn/Tyr) secretory gelsolin in COS cells leads to generation of an aberrant polypeptide presumably representing the precursor for tissue amyloid. Here, we provide evidence that this abnormal processing results from defective initial folding of the secreted FAF gelsolin due to the lack of the Cys188-Cys201 disulfide bond, normally formed next to the FAF mutation site. We compared cells of different tissue origin and discovered a dramatic difference between the amount of cleavage of FAF gelsolin to the amyloid precursor in neuronal and non-neuronal cells. More than half of the mutant gelsolin was cleaved in PC12 and in vitro differentiated human neuronal progenitor cells. In contrast, human fibroblasts and Schwannoma cell cultures showed only a limited capacity to cleave FAF gelsolin, although the cleavage mechanism per se seems to be similar in the various cell types. The present findings of processing and distribution of secreted FAF gelsolin in the neuronal cells emphasize the role of neurons in the tissue pathogenesis of this amyloid polyneuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Paunio
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Helsinki and National Public Health Institute, 00300 Helsinki, Finland
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73
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Abstract
We measured the serum gelsolin, actin-modulating protein, levels in five patients after rhabdomyolysis. We observed a tendency of serum gelsolin (83 kDa) to increase during the study period of 11 days. No intracellular gelsolin (80 kDa) was found in the serum, although it is abundant in muscle, and the destruction was severe as judged by other parameters. Serum gelsolin thus behaves differently in rhabdomyolysis than after acute tissue damage in other organs, such as liver necrosis and adult respiratory distress syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Löfberg
- Institute of Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland
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74
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Abstract
Gelsolin-related familial amyloidosis, Finnish type, occurs worldwide, most likely as a result of sporadic low-frequency mutations. Two mutations at nucleotide 654 in the gelsolin gene have been demonstrated, which result in a characteristic triad of ophthalmologic, neurologic and dermatologic manifestations distinct from other amyloidoses. Some phenotypic variation, particularly in the age of onset and severity of manifestations, occurs but in general the disease is clinically rather homogeneous. Systemic deposition of amyloid is found in most tissues, predominantly in blood vessel walls and associated with basement membranes. The mutations result in amino acid substitutions with a charge change in the gelsolin molecule, postulated to alter the susceptibility for proteases thereby rendering the molecule amyloidogenic. Gelsolin fragments constitute the amyloid fibrils, but abnormal fragments also occur in patients' plasma and CSF providing evidence for the role of aberrant proteolysis in the disease pathomechanism. This is further strengthened by in vitro expression analyses showing both disease-related mutations to result in secretion of an abnormal gelsolin fragment, the likely precursor protein of gelsolin amyloid. Of the two forms of gelsolin, secretory and cytoplasmic, the secretory plasma form is the likely source of amyloid. The origin of the systemic amyloid deposits is not known but, beside a circulatory origin, local synthesis and deposition is an attractive pathomechanical alternative. The final goal of preventing or curing this disease has come closer, but still awaits further comprehensive pathological, functional and experimental studies in order to dissect all pathogenetically important events.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kiuru
- Department of Neurology, University of Helsinki, Finland
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75
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Decreased Expression of the Actin-Binding Protein Gelsolin in Endometrial and Ovarian Adenocarcinomas. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1097/00022744-199803000-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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76
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Bock D, Hinssen H, D'Haese J. A gelsolin-related actin-severing protein with fully reversible actin-binding properties from the tail muscle of crayfish, Astacus leptodactylus. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1994; 225:727-35. [PMID: 7957188 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1994.00727.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A Ca(2+)-dependent actin-severing protein was purified from the tail muscle of the crayfish Astacus leptodactylus. The isolation procedure involved extraction at low ionic strength in the presence of EGTA, followed by ammonium sulfate fractionation, ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration. The purified crayfish actin modulator appeared as a single band with a molecular mass of 105 kDa on SDS/PAGE. The crustacean actin modulator revealed basic functional properties in common with vertebrate gelsolin, like the Ca(2+)-activated severing of F-actin and the nucleation of actin polymerization. However, both proteins differed in major aspects: Ca2+ activation of crayfish actin modulator started at lower threshold concentrations (0.1 microM). The effect of the modulator on shortening the nucleation phase of actin polymerization was significantly weaker at lower modulator/actin ratios. The modulator formed three distinct stoichiometric complexes with G-actin, identified as binary, ternary and quaternary. Binding of G-actin occurred in a low cooperative manner and was completely reversible by EGTA. Despite some properties being similar to those of villin, crayfish actin modulator did not cross-link actin filaments. It is regarded in principle as a gelsolin-type protein, but with characteristic functional deviations from vertebrate gelsolin.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bock
- Institut für Zoomorphologie und Zellbiologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Germany
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77
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Kiuru S, Matikainen E, Kupari M, Haltia M, Palo J. Autonomic nervous system and cardiac involvement in familial amyloidosis, Finnish type (FAF). J Neurol Sci 1994; 126:40-8. [PMID: 7836945 DOI: 10.1016/0022-510x(94)90092-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Familial amyloidosis, Finnish type (FAF), is a gelsolin-related inherited systemic amyloidosis. We report autonomic nervous system and cardiac findings in a study of 30 FAF patients (18 females, 12 males aged 27-74 years; mean 53.9 years). Cardiovascular reflex tests showed a significant decrease in heart rate variation in FAF patients compared with healthy controls. Orthostatic hypotension was found in 9 of 28 FAF patients, but only in 3 of 69 controls. Signs of amyloid cardiopathy were rare at clinical examination and in radio-, echocardio- and electrocardiographic examinations. Histological and immunohistochemical studies revealed amyloid deposition and immunoreactivity against the gelsolin-related FAF amyloid subunit in autonomic nervous system structures and in cardiac tissue in 3 autopsied FAF patients. The results show that minor autonomic nervous system dysfunction can be found in FAF, while clinically significant amyloid cardiopathy or autonomic neuropathy is not characteristic of this type of amyloidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kiuru
- Department of Neurology, University of Helsinki, Finland
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78
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Kiuru S, Seppäläinen AM. Neuropathy in familial amyloidosis , Finnish type (FAF): electrophysiological studies. Muscle Nerve 1994; 17:299-304. [PMID: 8107706 DOI: 10.1002/mus.880170307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We report, for the first time, electrophysiological findings in the Finnish type of familial amyloidosis (FAF), a gelsolin-related form of systemic amyloidosis. Electromyography, nerve conduction studies, and blink reflex examinations were performed in 30 patients (age range 27-74 years). Cranial nerve involvement was detected in all, and peripheral nerve involvement in the majority of patients. Carpal tunnel syndrome was a characteristic feature of FAF, previously unrecognized. Myokymia-type short spontaneous bursts in frontal muscles were found in 3 younger patients. In addition to signs of axonal degeneration we found slow nerve conduction, prolonged distal motor latencies, and conduction blocks suggestive of demyelination. Most nerve conduction velocities correlated remarkably with age. We conclude that FAF is characterized not only by distinct clinical and molecular biological features but also by electrophysiological findings, which enable differentiation from other hereditary amyloidoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kiuru
- Department of Neurology, University of Helsinki, Finland
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79
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Pal M, Biswas S. A novel protein accumulated during maturation of the pods of the plant Impatiens balsamina. Mol Cell Biochem 1994; 130:111-20. [PMID: 8028590 DOI: 10.1007/bf01457392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A high molecular weight protein has been isolated as a major polypeptide comprising 85% of the total extractable proteins in the fruit pericarp of the plant Impatiens balsamina. The protein has been purified to homogeneity following fractionation of the crude cell supernatant with ammonium sulphate, chromatography on Sepharose 4B and Sephacryl-S-300. This protein appeared to be a homo-tetramer consisting of subunits, Mr 75 K. Amino acid analysis showed the presence of more acidic amino acids, with an isoelectric point 5.8. The interaction of this protein with filamentous actin, both from rabbit muscle and Mung bean embryo was monitored by transmission electron microscopy, light scattering analysis, viscometry and sedimentation assay. This protein inhibited appreciably the polymerization of G-actin to F-actin.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pal
- Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute, Calcutta, India
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80
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hatano
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Science, Nagoya University, Japan
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81
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Schwartz SB, Higgins PJ, Rajasekaran AK, Staiano-Coico L. Gelsolin expression in normal human keratinocytes is a function of induced differentiation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1994; 358:169-81. [PMID: 7801803 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-2578-3_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S B Schwartz
- Department of Surgery, Cornell University Medical College, New York, NY 10021
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82
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Koepf EK, Burtnick LD. Horse plasma gelsolin labelled with fluorescein isothiocyanate responds to calcium and actin. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1993; 212:713-8. [PMID: 8385009 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1993.tb17709.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Reaction between horse plasma gelsolin and fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate (FITC) resulted in incorporation of 4.8 +/- 0.6 fluorescein groups/gelsolin molecule. The sites of modification were not clustered in any one portion of the gelsolin polypeptide chain; all major peptides produced by proteolytic digestion with alpha-chymotrypsin exhibited a fluorescence characteristic of fluorescein. FITC-gelsolin has a peptide-backbone circular dichroism spectrum at 20 degrees C that is indistinguishable from that of native gelsolin, but FITC-gelsolin is considerably more resistant than native gelsolin to thermally induced precipitation. FITC-gelsolin is fully able to carry out severing of F-actin filaments, the prime function of gelsolin in plasma. An opening up of the structure of gelsolin on binding Ca2+ is evident from an increased susceptibility of FITC-gelsolin to quenching by I-. Ca2+ dependence of the interaction between gelsolin and actin is evident in titrations both of intensity and polarization of the fluorescence of FITC-gelsolin solutions. A Ca(2+)-sensitive interaction between gelsolin and tropomyosin also is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K Koepf
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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83
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Sunada Y, Shimizu T, Nakase H, Ohta S, Asaoka T, Amano S, Sawa M, Kagawa Y, Kanazawa I, Mannen T. Inherited amyloid polyneuropathy type IV (gelsolin variant) in a Japanese family. Ann Neurol 1993; 33:57-62. [PMID: 8388189 DOI: 10.1002/ana.410330110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
We describe a Japanese family with familial amyloid polyneuropathy type IV. The family originates from central Japan, Nagano prefecture, and is unrelated to Finnish or other Caucasian populations. Of 42 members in three generations, 14 individuals (5 men, 9 women) are affected by corneal lattice dystrophy, cranial neuropathy, mild peripheral neuropathy, and skin changes. Polarizing microscopy and immunohistochemistry studies of skin biopsy samples demonstrated abundant amyloid deposits, which bound an antigelsolin monoclonal antibody. Direct sequence analysis of a DNA fragment spanning codon 187 of plasma gelsolin complementary DNA and restriction analysis using a modified polymerase chain reaction demonstrated a single base substitution, guanine to adenine, at nucleotide position 654, which is identical to the mutation in Finnish familial amyloid polyneuropathy type IV. This strongly suggests that the mutation causes the familial amyloid polyneuropathy type IV phenotype regardless of ethnic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Sunada
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan
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84
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Affiliation(s)
- W M Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas 75235-8887
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85
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Yu FX, Johnston PA, Südhof TC, Yin HL. gCap39, a calcium ion- and polyphosphoinositide-regulated actin capping protein. Science 1990; 250:1413-5. [PMID: 2255912 DOI: 10.1126/science.2255912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The polymerization of actin filaments is involved in growth, movement, and cell division. It has been shown that actin polymerization is controlled by gelsolin, whose interactions with actin are activated by calcium ion (Ca2+) and inhibited by membrane polyphosphoinositides (PPI). A smaller Ca2(+)- and PPI-regulated protein, gCap39, which has 49% sequence identity with gelsolin, has been identified by cDNA cloning and protein purification. Like gelsolin, gCap39 binds to the fast-growing (+) end of actin filaments. However, gCap39 does not sever actin filaments and can respond to Ca2+ and PPI transients independently, under conditions in which gelsolin is ineffective. The coexistence of gCap39 with gelsolin should allow precise regulation of actin assembly at the leading edge of the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- F X Yu
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235-9040
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86
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Maury CP, Baumann M. Isolation and characterization of cardiac amyloid in familial amyloid polyneuropathy type IV (Finnish): relation of the amyloid protein to variant gelsolin. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1990; 1096:84-6. [PMID: 2176550 DOI: 10.1016/0925-4439(90)90016-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid subunit protein was isolated from familial amyloid polyneuropathy type IV (Finnish type) cardiac tissue and purified to homogeneity. N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis shows that the amyloid protein is a fragment of the inner region of human gelsolin. When compared with the predicted sequence of human plasma gelsolin, the amyloid protein contains an asparagine-for-aspartic acid substitution at position 15 corresponding to residue 187 of the secreted protein. Antibodies raised against the amyloidogenic region of gelsolin specifically stained the amyloid deposited in tissues in familial amyloidosis type IV. The results show that the subunit amyloid protein in familial amyloid polyneuropathy type IV represents a unique type of amyloid derived from a variant (Asn-187) gelsolin molecule by limited proteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Maury
- Fourth Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
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87
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Johnston PA, Yu FX, Reynolds GA, Yin HL, Moomaw CR, Slaughter CA, Südhof TC. Purification and expression of gCap39. An intracellular and secreted Ca2(+)-dependent actin-binding protein enriched in mononuclear phagocytes. J Biol Chem 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)38255-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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88
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Gailly P, Lejeune T, Capony JP, Gillis JM. The action of brevin, an F-actin severing protein, on the mechanical properties and ATPase activity of skinned smooth muscle. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 1990; 11:293-301. [PMID: 2174904 DOI: 10.1007/bf01766667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Brevin is a protein which regulates the actin gel-sol transformation: it severs F-actin filaments into shorter ones. This action is Ca-dependent and is prevented by tropomyosin. We tested the effect of brevin on isometric contractions of skinned smooth muscle (taenia coli) and noted a dramatic loss of tension that possibly reflects some F-actin fragmentation. This effect is tentatively attributed to a partial loss of tropomyosin in the skinning procedure. We also studied the effect of brevin on unloaded shortenings of skinned preparations: thin bundles and enzymatically dissociated cells. We observed a marked increase of the velocity of shortening in the presence of brevin. This effect cannot be attributed to an increased ATPase activity as the latter is slightly reduced in the presence of brevin. We interpret this result as reflecting a decrease in internal resistance to movement, possibly by solation of an actin-filamin domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gailly
- Département de Physiologie, Université Catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
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89
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Tchakarov L, Vitale ML, Jeyapragasan M, Rodriguez Del Castillo A, Trifaró JM. Expression of scinderin, an actin filament-severing protein, in different tissues. FEBS Lett 1990; 268:209-12. [PMID: 2166683 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(90)81010-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Scinderin is a calcium-dependent actin filament-severing protein recently discovered in the chromaffin cells of adrenal medulla. In view of the wide tissue distribution of gelsolin, another actin filament-severing protein, experiments were performed to determine the tissue expression of scinderin. Extracts prepared from different bovine tissues were tested by actin-DNase I Sepharose 4B-binding procedure and immunoprecipitation followed by immunoblotting with scinderin and gelsolin antibodies. Among the tissues tested, scinderin was found to be present in the adrenal medulla, brain, anterior and posterior pituitaries, kidney, salivary gland and testis. Scinderin was not found in liver, plasma, skeletal and heart muscles. Gelsolin was expressed in all of the above tissues. The results suggest that scinderin seems to be restricted to tissues with high secretory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Tchakarov
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ont., Canada
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90
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Ito H, Yamamoto H, Kimura Y, Kambe H, Okochi T, Kishimoto S. Affinity chromatography of human plasma gelsolin with polyphosphate compounds on immobilized Cibacron Blue F3GA. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY 1990; 526:397-406. [PMID: 2163407 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)82523-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Human plasma gelsolin was specifically eluted from a Cibacron Blue F3GA column with 1 mM adenosine, guanosine, cytidine and uridine di- and triphosphates, except for cytidine 5'-diphosphate. Inorganic polyphosphates also eluted gelsolin, but neither nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide nor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate did so. The results suggest that a terminal pyrophosphate structure might be essential for the specific elution. After elution with 1 mM adenosine 5'-triphosphate, additional gelsolin was eluted by washing the column with a high salt concentration. This indicates that human plasma gelsolin may bind to Cibacron Blue F3GA in at least two different ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ito
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka University School of Medicine, Japan
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91
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Haltia M, Prelli F, Ghiso J, Kiuru S, Somer H, Palo J, Frangione B. Amyloid protein in familial amyloidosis (Finnish type) is homologous to gelsolin, an actin-binding protein. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1990; 167:927-32. [PMID: 2157434 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(90)90612-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Familial amyloidosis, Finnish type, is clinically characterized by cranial neuropathy and lattice corneal dystrophy. It is an autosomal dominant form of systemic amyloidosis with small deposits of congophilic material occurring in most tissues, particularly in association with blood vessel walls and basement membranes. Amyloid fibrils were extracted from the kidney of patient VUO, and rabbit antiserum raised against the 12 kDa purified amyloid subunit displayed strong immunohistochemical reactivity with the amyloid deposits. The amino terminal sequence of this 12 kDa amyloid protein (ATEVPVSWESFNNGD) showed homology with gelsolin (or actin depolymerizing factor), a 93 kDa plasma protein. The amyloid peptide is a degradation product, starting at position 173, of the gelsolin molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Haltia
- Department of Pathology, New York University Medical Center, New York 10016
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92
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Abstract
Calcium binding of swine plasma gelsolin was examined. When applied to ion-exchange chromatography, its elution volume was drastically altered depending on the free Ca2+ concentration of the medium. The presence of two classes of Ca2+ binding sites, high-affinity sites (Kd = 7 microM) and low-affinity sites (Kd = 1 mM), was suggested from the concentration dependence of the elution volume. The tight binding sites were specific for Ca2+. The weakly bound Ca2+ could be replaced by Mg2+ once the tight binding sites were occupied with Ca2+. The binding of metal ions was totally reversible. Circular dichroism measurement of plasma gelsolin indicated that most change in secondary structure was associated with Ca2+ binding to the high-affinity sites. Binding of Mg2+ to the low-affinity sites caused a secondary structural change different from that caused by Ca2+ bound to the high-affinity sites. Gel permeation chromatography exhibited a small change in Stokes radius with and without Ca2+. Microheterogeneity revealed by isoelectric focusing did not relate to the presence of two classes of Ca2+ binding sites. These results indicated that plasma gelsolin drastically altered its surface charge property due to binding of Ca2+ or Ca2+, Mg2+ with a concomitant conformational change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Doi
- Department of Food Science, Kyoto Women's University, Japan
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93
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Campanella C, Chaponnier C, Quaglia L, Gualtieri R, Gabbiani G. Different cytoskeletal organization in two maturation stages of Discoglossus pictus (Anura) oocytes: thickness and stability of actin microfilaments and tropomyosin immunolocalization. Mol Reprod Dev 1990; 25:130-9. [PMID: 2178640 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.1080250205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In Discoglossus pictus oocytes, the germinative area (GA) contains long and irregular microvilli where actin microfilaments are located. In the egg, the funnel-shaped dimple that originates by invagination of the GA is present. In the dimple both microvilli and microfilament bundles have a very orderly appearance. This report extends previous observations (Campanella and Gabbiani, Gamete Res 3:99-114, 1980) and shows that GA microfilaments are thinner (36 A average) than dimple microfilaments (60 A average), as measured in ultrathin section. Moreover, the interfilament distance is smaller in GA bundles than in the dimple bundles. To get an insight into actin organization in oocytes and eggs, we used an actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF) in which cryostat sections were incubated prior to immunofluorescent staining with antiactin antibodies. The microfilaments of the GA microvilli and partially of the oocyte cortex are resistant to ADF when compared to those in the dimple and the rest of the egg cortex. We also investigated immunocytochemically the presence of tropomyosin and found that this protein is localized in the dimple and in the cortex of oocytes and eggs but is absent in the GA.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Campanella
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche e di Biometria, Università de l'Aquila, Italy
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94
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Maury CP, Alli K, Baumann M. Finnish hereditary amyloidosis. Amino acid sequence homology between the amyloid fibril protein and human plasma gelsoline. FEBS Lett 1990; 260:85-7. [PMID: 2153578 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(90)80072-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid fibrils were isolated from the kidney of a patient with Finnish hereditary amyloidosis. After solubilization of the fibrils in guanidine-HCl, fractionation by gel filtration, and purification by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, a homogeneous amyloid protein with an apparent Mr of 9000 was obtained. The protein was subjected to enzymatic digestion by trypsin and endoproteinase Lys-C. The amino acid sequences were determined for 6 of the released peptides and they were all found to be identical to the reported, deduced primary structure of human plasma gelsoline in the region of amino acids 235-269. The results show that the amyloid fibril protein in Finnish hereditary amyloidosis represents a new type of amyloid protein that shows amino acid sequence homology with gelsoline, an actin-modulating protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Maury
- Fourth Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
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95
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Huckriede A, Füchtbauer A, Hinssen H, Chaponnier C, Weeds A, Jockusch BM. Differential effects of gelsolins on tissue culture cells. CELL MOTILITY AND THE CYTOSKELETON 1990; 16:229-38. [PMID: 2168294 DOI: 10.1002/cm.970160403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Gelsolins, prepared from a number of different sources, showed similar severing activity on F-actin in vitro or on stress fibers of detergent-extracted cells but differed in their effects on actin in stress fibers of microinjected cells. When human gelsolin isolated from plasma was injected into cells in a Ca(++)-containing buffer, stress fibers were degraded, the cellular morphology was changed, and numerous actin patches appeared. These effects were particularly striking when the Ca(++)-insensitive N-terminal proteolytic fragment of this gelsolin was injected. By contrast, Ca(++)-sensitive gelsolins isolated from human platelets, pig stomach smooth muscle and pig plasma showed no comparable activity. Furthermore, the Ca(++)-independent N-terminal proteolytic fragments prepared from these gelsolins also had no effect despite their in vitro actin severing activity. Most striking was the finding that human plasma gelsolin expressed in E. coli did not degrade stress fibers, in contrast to the same protein isolated from plasma; nor was there any stress fiber disruption observed with the N-terminal half of human gelsolin expressed in Escherichia coli. The different behavior of these gelsolins in cells cannot be explained by sequence diversity between plasma and cytoplasmic forms, nor by variability in the Ca++ sensitivity of the preparations. It suggests the presence of factors, as yet unidentified, that may regulate gelsolin activity in the cytoplasm of living cells and discriminate between gelsolins of different origin. Such discrimination could be achieved as a result of post-translational modification of the gelsolin; only in this way can differences between apparently identical proteins isolated from human plasma and expressed in E. coli be reconciled.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Huckriede
- Developmental Biology Unit, University of Bielefeld, Federal Republic of Germany
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96
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Ohsawa M, Kimura H. Formation of vitamin D-binding protein-actin and binary and ternary plasma gelsolin-actin complexes in human serum. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1989; 992:195-200. [PMID: 2474332 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(89)90010-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
After the addition of actin to serum, the binding of actin to serum actin-binding proteins was analyzed by the method of immunoblotting using monospecific antibodies against vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) (group-specific component, Gc), human skeletal actin and human plasma gelsolin. When increasing amounts of globular actin were added to serum, actin bound to DBP preferentially. After exhausting DBP, actin began to bind to plasma gelsolin. When equally increasing amounts of filamentous actin were added to serum, actin was bound to both plasma gelsolin and DBP, and then uncomplexed DBP removed one actin molecule from gelsolin-actin 1:2 complex, resulting in a gelsolin-actin 1:1 complex. These results support the theory that the actin-depolymerizing activity of serum is due to the concerted role of plasma gelsolin and DBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ohsawa
- Department of Legal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
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97
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Kwiatkowski DJ, Yin HL. Expression of gelsolin by Cos cell secretion. CELL MOTILITY AND THE CYTOSKELETON 1989; 14:21-5. [PMID: 2555065 DOI: 10.1002/cm.970140106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D J Kwiatkowski
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114
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98
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Way M, Weeds A. Nucleotide sequence of pig plasma gelsolin. Comparison of protein sequence with human gelsolin and other actin-severing proteins shows strong homologies and evidence for large internal repeats. J Mol Biol 1988; 203:1127-33. [PMID: 2850369 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(88)90132-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Pig plasma gelsolin (Mr = 81595; 739 residues) contains 704 identical residues out of a maximum 730 when compared to the cytoplasmic form of human gelsolin. The cDNA sequence also codes for a peptide of 33 residues N-terminal to the nine-residue plasma extension sequence previously reported: these 33 residues are highly homologous to the human signal peptide and plasma extension. Comparison of the gelsolin sequences with chicken brush border villin, severin from Dictyostelium discoideum and fragmin from Physarum polycephalum shows a strong evolutionary relationship between all these proteins. There are six large repeating segments in gelsolin and villin, and three similar segments in severin and fragmin. Although these multiple repeats cannot be related to any known function of these actin-severing proteins, this superfamily of proteins appears to have evolved from an ancestral sequence of 120 to 130 amino acid residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Way
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, England
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Van Baelen H, Allewaert K, Bouillon R. New aspects of the plasma carrier protein for 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in vertebrates. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1988; 538:60-8. [PMID: 3056194 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1988.tb48850.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H Van Baelen
- Laboratory for Experimental Medicine and Endocrinology, Onderwijs en Navorsing, Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
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