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Bönnighausen J, Gebhard D, Kröger C, Hadeler B, Tumforde T, Lieberei R, Bergemann J, Schäfer W, Bormann J. Disruption of the GABA shunt affects mitochondrial respiration and virulence in the cereal pathogen Fusarium graminearum. Mol Microbiol 2015; 98:1115-32. [PMID: 26305050 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The cereal pathogen Fusarium graminearum threatens food and feed production worldwide. It reduces the yield and poisons the remaining kernels with mycotoxins, notably deoxynivalenol (DON). We analyzed the importance of gamma-aminobutanoic acid (GABA) metabolism for the life cycle of this fungal pathogen. GABA metabolism in F. graminearum is partially regulated by the global nitrogen regulator AreA. Genetic disruption of the GABA shunt by deletion of two GABA transaminases renders the pathogen unable to utilize the plant stress metabolites GABA and putrescine. The mutants showed increased sensitivity against oxidative stress, GABA accumulation in the mycelium, downregulation of two key enzymes of the TCA cycle, disturbed potential gradient in the mitochondrial membrane and lower mitochondrial oxygen consumption. In contrast, addition of GABA to the wild type resulted in its rapid turnover and increased mitochondrial steady state oxygen consumption. GABA concentrations are highly upregulated in infected wheat tissues. We conclude that GABA is metabolized by the pathogen during infection increasing its energy production, whereas the mutants accumulate GABA intracellularly resulting in decreased energy production. Consequently, the GABA mutants are strongly reduced in virulence but, because of their DON production, are able to cross the rachis node.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Bönnighausen
- Biocenter Klein Flottbek, Department of Molecular Phytopathology and Genetics, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, D-22609, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Gebhard
- Department of Life Sciences, Albstadt-Sigmaringen University of Applied Sciences, Anton-Günther-Str. 51, D-72488, Sigmaringen, Germany
| | - Cathrin Kröger
- Biocenter Klein Flottbek, Department of Molecular Phytopathology and Genetics, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, D-22609, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Birgit Hadeler
- Biocenter Klein Flottbek, Department of Molecular Phytopathology and Genetics, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, D-22609, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Tumforde
- Biocenter Klein Flottbek, Department of Applied Plant Ecology and Biodiversity of Useful Plants, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, D-22609, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Reinhard Lieberei
- Biocenter Klein Flottbek, Department of Applied Plant Ecology and Biodiversity of Useful Plants, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, D-22609, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Bergemann
- Department of Life Sciences, Albstadt-Sigmaringen University of Applied Sciences, Anton-Günther-Str. 51, D-72488, Sigmaringen, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Schäfer
- Biocenter Klein Flottbek, Department of Molecular Phytopathology and Genetics, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, D-22609, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Bormann
- Biocenter Klein Flottbek, Department of Molecular Phytopathology and Genetics, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, D-22609, Hamburg, Germany
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52
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Impact of the antifungal protein PgAFP from Penicillium chrysogenum on the protein profile in Aspergillus flavus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:8701-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6731-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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53
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Behaviour and prefrontal protein differences in C57BL/6N and 129 X1/SvJ mice. Brain Res Bull 2015; 116:16-24. [PMID: 26003851 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Experimental animals provide valuable opportunities to establish aetiological mechanisms and test new treatments for neurodevelopmental psychiatric conditions. However, it is increasingly appreciated that inter-strain differences cannot be neglected in the experimental design. In addition, the importance of including females in preclinical - but also clinical - research is now recognised. Here, we compared behaviour and prefrontal protein differences in male and female C57BL/6N and 129X1/SvJ mice as both are commonly used experimental rodents. Relative to 129X1/SvJ mice, both sexes of C57BL/6N mice had weaker sensorimotor gating, measured in the prepulse inhibition (PPI) of startle paradigm, and were more sensitive to amphetamine challenge in the open field. The pattern of protein expression in the prefrontal cortex of C57BL6N mice was also clearly distinct from 129X1/SvJ mice. Proteins differentially expressed were those associated with oxidative metabolism, receptor protein signalling, cell communication and signal transduction and energy pathways. We suggest that the C57BL/6N mouse may usefully proxy features of the neurodevelopmental disorders and could have application in pre-translational screening of new therapeutic approaches. The 129X1/SvJ strain in contrast, might be better suited to experimental studies of causal risk factors expected to lower PPI and increase amphetamine sensitivity.
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54
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Zhao J, Li H, Fu S, Chen B, Sun W, Zhang J, Zhang J. An iTRAQ-based proteomics approach to clarify the molecular physiology of somatic embryo development in Prince Rupprecht's larch (Larix principis-rupprechtii Mayr). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119987. [PMID: 25781987 PMCID: PMC4363690 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Prince Rupprecht's larch (Larix principis-rupprechtii Mayr) is a native high-value forest tree species in North China whose clonal propagation through somatic embryogenesis (SE) has the potential to rapidly capture the benefits of breeding or genetic engineering programs and to improve raw material uniformity and quality. To date, research has focused on clarifying the molecular mechanism of SE, but proteomic studies are still in the early stages. In this study, isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) analysis was performed on three developmental stages of SE in L. principis-rupprechtii in an attempt to identify a wide range of proteins that are regulated differentially during this process. Proteins were extracted and analyzed from the pro-embryogenic mass (PEM), globular embryo (GE), and cotyledon embryo (CE) stages of embryo development. We detected 503 proteins in total and identified 96 proteins expressed differentially during different developmental stages. The identified proteins were analyzed further to provide information about their expression patterns and functions during SE. Four clusters of proteins based on shared expression profiles were generated. Functional analysis showed that proteins involved in primary metabolism, phosphorylation, and oxidation reduction were upregulated during somatic embryo development. This work provides novel insights into the process of larch embryo development in vitro and a basis for further study of the biological process and opportunities for practical application of this knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of State Forestry Administration, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hui Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of State Forestry Administration, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shuangbin Fu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of State Forestry Administration, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Bo Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of State Forestry Administration, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wenting Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of State Forestry Administration, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Junqi Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of State Forestry Administration, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jinfeng Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of State Forestry Administration, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- * E-mail:
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Suresh HG, da Silveira Dos Santos AX, Kukulski W, Tyedmers J, Riezman H, Bukau B, Mogk A. Prolonged starvation drives reversible sequestration of lipid biosynthetic enzymes and organelle reorganization in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 26:1601-15. [PMID: 25761633 PMCID: PMC4436773 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-11-1559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid homeostasis is modulated upon starvation at three different levels manifested in reversible 1) spatial confinement of lipid biosynthetic enzymes, 2) mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticular reorganization, and 3) loss of organelle contact sites, thus highlighting a novel mechanism regulating lipid biosynthesis by simply modulating flux through the pathway. Cells adapt to changing nutrient availability by modulating a variety of processes, including the spatial sequestration of enzymes, the physiological significance of which remains controversial. These enzyme deposits are claimed to represent aggregates of misfolded proteins, protein storage, or complexes with superior enzymatic activity. We monitored spatial distribution of lipid biosynthetic enzymes upon glucose depletion in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Several different cytosolic-, endoplasmic reticulum–, and mitochondria-localized lipid biosynthetic enzymes sequester into distinct foci. Using the key enzyme fatty acid synthetase (FAS) as a model, we show that FAS foci represent active enzyme assemblies. Upon starvation, phospholipid synthesis remains active, although with some alterations, implying that other foci-forming lipid biosynthetic enzymes might retain activity as well. Thus sequestration may restrict enzymes' access to one another and their substrates, modulating metabolic flux. Enzyme sequestrations coincide with reversible drastic mitochondrial reorganization and concomitant loss of endoplasmic reticulum–mitochondria encounter structures and vacuole and mitochondria patch organelle contact sites that are reflected in qualitative and quantitative changes in phospholipid profiles. This highlights a novel mechanism that regulates lipid homeostasis without profoundly affecting the activity status of involved enzymes such that, upon entry into favorable growth conditions, cells can quickly alter lipid flux by relocalizing their enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsha Garadi Suresh
- Center for Molecular Biology of the University of Heidelberg (ZMBH) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Wanda Kukulski
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit and Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany Structural and Computational Biology Unit and Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jens Tyedmers
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Howard Riezman
- NCCR Chemical Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Bukau
- Center for Molecular Biology of the University of Heidelberg (ZMBH) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Axel Mogk
- Center for Molecular Biology of the University of Heidelberg (ZMBH) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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56
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Okon IS, Coughlan KA, Zhang M, Wang Q, Zou MH. Gefitinib-mediated reactive oxygen specie (ROS) instigates mitochondrial dysfunction and drug resistance in lung cancer cells. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:9101-10. [PMID: 25681445 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.631580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic benefits offered by tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), such as gefitinib (Iressa) and erlotinib (Tarceva), are limited due to the development of resistance, which contributes to treatment failure and cancer-related mortality. The aim of this study was to elucidate mechanistic insight into cellular perturbations that accompany acquired gefitinib resistance in lung cancer cells. Several lung adenocarcinoma (LAD) cell lines were screened to characterize epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression and mutation profile. To circumvent intrinsic variations between cell lines with respect to response to drug treatments, we generated gefitinib-resistant H1650 clone by long-term, chronic culture under gefitinib selection of parental cell line. Isogenic cells were analyzed by microarray, Western blot, flow cytometry, and confocal and transmission electron microscope. We observed that although chronic gefitinib treatment provided effective action against its primary target (aberrant EGFR activity), secondary effects resulted in increased cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Gefitinib-mediated ROS correlated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition, as well as striking perturbation of mitochondrial morphology and function. However, gefitinib treatment in the presence of ROS scavenger provided a partial rescue of mitochondrial aberrations. Furthermore, withdrawal of gefitinib from previously resistant clones correlated with normalized expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition genes. These findings demonstrate that chronic gefitinib treatment promotes ROS and mitochondrial dysfunction in lung cancer cells. Antioxidants may alleviate ROS-mediated resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Miao Zhang
- From the Section of Molecular Medicine and
| | | | - Ming-Hui Zou
- From the Section of Molecular Medicine and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
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57
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Patel PP, Bielmyer-Fraser GK. The influence of salinity and copper exposure on copper accumulation and physiological impairment in the sea anemone, Exaiptasia pallida. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2015; 168:39-47. [PMID: 25451077 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Copper is a common pollutant in many aquatic environments, particularly those surrounding densely populated areas with substantial anthropogenic inputs. These same areas may also experience changes in salinity due to freshwater discharge and tidal influence. Biota that inhabit near-shore coastal environments may be susceptible to both stressors. Although copper is a noted concern in marine environments, effects of copper and varying salinity on symbiotic cnidarians are only scarcely studied. The sea anemone, Exaiptasia pallida, was used to investigate effects of copper on physiological impairment (i.e. activities of anti-oxidant enzymes) at two different salinities (20 and 25ppt). E. pallida was exposed to a control and three elevated copper concentrations for up to 21d, and copper accumulation and activity of the enzymes: catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, and carbonic anhydrase were measured in the anemones. Photosynthetic parameters in E. pallida's symbiotic dinoflagellate algae were also quantified. Over the course of the exposure, E. pallida accumulated copper in a concentration-dependent manner. Higher tissue copper concentrations were observed in anemones exposed to the lower salinity water (20ppt), and physiological impairment was observed as a consequence of both increased copper exposure and decreased salinity; however, changes in salinity caused a greater response than copper exposure, at the levels tested. In general, antioxidant enzyme activity increased as a consequence of decreased salinity and/or increased copper exposure. These results clearly demonstrated the influence of two local stressors, at environmentally realistic concentrations, on a sensitive cnidarian, and highlight the importance of characterizing combined exposure scenarios.
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58
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Chen J, Li B, Qin G, Tian S. Mechanism of H2O2-induced oxidative stress regulating viability and biocontrol ability of Rhodotorula glutinis. Int J Food Microbiol 2015; 193:152-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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59
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Selote D, Samira R, Matthiadis A, Gillikin JW, Long TA. Iron-binding E3 ligase mediates iron response in plants by targeting basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 167:273-86. [PMID: 25452667 PMCID: PMC4281009 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.250837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Iron uptake and metabolism are tightly regulated in both plants and animals. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), BRUTUS (BTS), which contains three hemerythrin (HHE) domains and a Really Interesting New Gene (RING) domain, interacts with basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors that are capable of forming heterodimers with POPEYE (PYE), a positive regulator of the iron deficiency response. BTS has been shown to have E3 ligase capacity and to play a role in root growth, rhizosphere acidification, and iron reductase activity in response to iron deprivation. To further characterize the function of this protein, we examined the expression pattern of recombinant ProBTS::β-GLUCURONIDASE and found that it is expressed in developing embryos and other reproductive tissues, corresponding with its apparent role in reproductive growth and development. Our findings also indicate that the interactions between BTS and PYE-like (PYEL) basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors occur within the nucleus and are dependent on the presence of the RING domain. We provide evidence that BTS facilitates 26S proteasome-mediated degradation of PYEL proteins in the absence of iron. We also determined that, upon binding iron at the HHE domains, BTS is destabilized and that this destabilization relies on specific residues within the HHE domains. This study reveals an important and unique mechanism for plant iron homeostasis whereby an E3 ubiquitin ligase may posttranslationally control components of the transcriptional regulatory network involved in the iron deficiency response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devarshi Selote
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
| | - Rozalynne Samira
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
| | - Anna Matthiadis
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
| | - Jeffrey W Gillikin
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
| | - Terri A Long
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
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60
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Wolak N, Kowalska E, Kozik A, Rapala-Kozik M. Thiamine increases the resistance of baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae against oxidative, osmotic and thermal stress, through mechanisms partly independent of thiamine diphosphate-bound enzymes. FEMS Yeast Res 2014; 14:1249-62. [PMID: 25331172 DOI: 10.1111/1567-1364.12218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous recent studies have established a hypothesis that thiamine (vitamin B1 ) is involved in the responses of different organisms against stress, also suggesting that underlying mechanisms are not limited to the universal role of thiamine diphosphate (TDP) in the central cellular metabolism. The current work aimed at characterising the effect of exogenously added thiamine on the response of baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to the oxidative (1 mM H2 O2 ), osmotic (1 M sorbitol) and thermal (42 °C) stress. As compared to the yeast culture in thiamine-free medium, in the presence of 1.4 μM external thiamine, (1) the relative mRNA levels of major TDP-dependent enzymes under stress conditions vs. unstressed control (the 'stress/control ratio') were moderately lower, (2) the stress/control ratio was strongly decreased for the transcript levels of several stress markers localised to the cytoplasm, peroxisomes, the cell wall and (with the strongest effect observed) the mitochondria (e.g. Mn-superoxide dismutase), (3) the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species under stress conditions was markedly decreased, with the significant alleviation of concomitant protein oxidation. The results obtained suggest the involvement of thiamine in the maintenance of redox balance in yeast cells under oxidative stress conditions, partly independent of the functions of TDP-dependent enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Wolak
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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61
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Lazarova N, Krumova E, Stefanova T, Georgieva N, Angelova M. The oxidative stress response of the filamentous yeast Trichosporon cutaneum R57 to copper, cadmium and chromium exposure. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2014; 28:855-862. [PMID: 26019570 PMCID: PMC4433943 DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2014.965020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the intensive research in the past decade on the microbial bioaccumulation of heavy metals, the significance of redox state for oxidative stress induction is not completely clarified. In the present study, we examined the effect of redox-active (copper and chromium) and redox-inactive (cadmium) metals on the changes in levels of oxidative stress biomarkers and antioxidant enzyme defence in Trichosporon cutaneum R57 cells. This filamentous yeast strain showed significant tolerance and bioaccumulation capability of heavy metals. Our findings indicated that the treatment by both redox-active and redox-inactive heavy metal induced oxidative stress events. Enhanced concentrations of Cu2+, Cr6+ and Cd2+ caused acceleration in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), increase in the level of oxidatively damaged proteins and accumulation of reserve carbohydrates (glycogen and trehalose). Cell response against heavy metal exposure also includes elevation in the activities of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase and catalase, which are key enzymes for directly scavenging of ROS. Despite the mentioned changes in the stress biomarkers, T. cutaneum did not show a significant growth diminution. Probably, activated antioxidant defence contributes to the yeast survival under conditions of heavy metal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevena Lazarova
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy , 8 Kliment Ohridsky, 1756 Sofia , Bulgaria
| | - Ekaterina Krumova
- Department of Mycology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences , Academician G. Bonchev 26, 1113 Sofia , Bulgaria
| | - Tsvetanka Stefanova
- Department of Immunology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences , Academician G. Bonchev 26, 1113 Sofia , Bulgaria
| | - Nelly Georgieva
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy , 8 Kliment Ohridsky, 1756 Sofia , Bulgaria
| | - Maria Angelova
- Department of Mycology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences , Academician G. Bonchev 26, 1113 Sofia , Bulgaria
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62
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Truman AW, Kristjansdottir K, Wolfgeher D, Ricco N, Mayampurath A, Volchenboum SL, Clotet J, Kron SJ. Quantitative proteomics of the yeast Hsp70/Hsp90 interactomes during DNA damage reveal chaperone-dependent regulation of ribonucleotide reductase. J Proteomics 2014; 112:285-300. [PMID: 25452130 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The highly conserved molecular chaperones Hsp90 and Hsp70 are indispensible for folding and maturation of a significant fraction of the proteome, including many proteins involved in signal transduction and stress response. To examine the dynamics of chaperone-client interactions after DNA damage, we applied quantitative affinity-purification mass spectrometry (AP-MS) proteomics to characterize interactomes of the yeast Hsp70 isoform Ssa1 and Hsp90 isoform Hsp82 before and after exposure to methyl methanesulfonate. Of 256 proteins identified and quantified via (16)O(/18)O labeling and LC-MS/MS, 142 are novel Hsp70/90 interactors. Nearly all interactions remained unchanged or decreased after DNA damage, but 5 proteins increased interactions with Ssa1 and/or Hsp82, including the ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) subunit Rnr4. Inhibiting Hsp70 or 90 chaperone activity destabilized Rnr4 in yeast and its vertebrate homolog hRMM2 in breast cancer cells. In turn, pre-treatment of cancer cells with chaperone inhibitors sensitized cells to the RNR inhibitor gemcitabine, suggesting a novel chemotherapy strategy. All MS data have been deposited in the ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD001284. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE This study provides the dynamic interactome of the yeast Hsp70 and Hsp90 under DNA damage which suggest key roles for the chaperones in a variety of signaling cascades. Importantly, the cancer drug target ribonucleotide reductase was shown to be a client of Hsp70 and Hsp90 in both yeast and breast cancer cells. As such, this study highlights the potential of a novel cancer therapeutic strategy that exploits the synergy of chaperone and ribonucleotide reductase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Truman
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | | | - Donald Wolfgeher
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Natalia Ricco
- Departament de Ciències Bàsiques, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Anoop Mayampurath
- Computation Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Samuel L Volchenboum
- Computation Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Josep Clotet
- Departament de Ciències Bàsiques, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Stephen J Kron
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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63
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Gajewicz A, Schaeublin N, Rasulev B, Hussain S, Leszczynska D, Puzyn T, Leszczynski J. Towards understanding mechanisms governing cytotoxicity of metal oxides nanoparticles: hints from nano-QSAR studies. Nanotoxicology 2014; 9:313-25. [PMID: 24983896 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2014.930195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The production of nanomaterials increases every year exponentially and therefore the probability these novel materials that they could cause adverse outcomes for human health and the environment also expands rapidly. We proposed two types of mechanisms of toxic action that are collectively applied in a nano-QSAR model, which provides governance over the toxicity of metal oxide nanoparticles to the human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). The combined experimental-theoretical studies allowed the development of an interpretative nano-QSAR model describing the toxicity of 18 nano-metal oxides to the HaCaT cell line, which is a common in vitro model for keratinocyte response during toxic dermal exposure. The comparison of the toxicity of metal oxide nanoparticles to bacteria Escherichia coli (prokaryotic system) and a human keratinocyte cell line (eukaryotic system), resulted in the hypothesis that different modes of toxic action occur between prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Gajewicz
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemometrics, Institute for Environmental and Human Health Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk , Gdańsk , Poland
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64
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Han Z, Ku L, Zhang Z, Zhang J, Guo S, Liu H, Zhao R, Ren Z, Zhang L, Su H, Dong L, Chen Y. QTLs for seed vigor-related traits identified in maize seeds germinated under artificial aging conditions. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92535. [PMID: 24651614 PMCID: PMC3961396 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
High seed vigor is important for agricultural production due to the associated potential for increased growth and productivity. However, a better understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms is required because the genetic basis for seed vigor remains unknown. We used single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers to map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for four seed vigor traits in two connected recombinant inbred line (RIL) maize populations under four treatment conditions during seed germination. Sixty-five QTLs distributed between the two populations were identified and a meta-analysis was used to integrate genetic maps. Sixty-one initially identified QTLs were integrated into 18 meta-QTLs (mQTLs). Initial QTLs with contribution to phenotypic variation values of R2>10% were integrated into mQTLs. Twenty-three candidate genes for association with seed vigor traits coincided with 13 mQTLs. The candidate genes had functions in the glycolytic pathway and in protein metabolism. QTLs with major effects (R2>10%) were identified under at least one treatment condition for mQTL2, mQTL3-2, and mQTL3-4. Candidate genes included a calcium-dependent protein kinase gene (302810918) involved in signal transduction that mapped in the mQTL3-2 interval associated with germination energy (GE) and germination percentage (GP), and an hsp20/alpha crystallin family protein gene (At5g51440) that mapped in the mQTL3-4 interval associated with GE and GP. Two initial QTLs with a major effect under at least two treatment conditions were identified for mQTL5-2. A cucumisin-like Ser protease gene (At5g67360) mapped in the mQTL5-2 interval associated with GP. The chromosome regions for mQTL2, mQTL3-2, mQTL3-4, and mQTL5-2 may be hot spots for QTLs related to seed vigor traits. The mQTLs and candidate genes identified in this study provide valuable information for the identification of additional quantitative trait genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zanping Han
- College of Agronomy, Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops and National Key Laboratory of wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- College of Agronomy, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Lixia Ku
- College of Agronomy, Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops and National Key Laboratory of wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops and National Key Laboratory of wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops and National Key Laboratory of wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - ShuLei Guo
- College of Agronomy, Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops and National Key Laboratory of wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haiying Liu
- College of Agronomy, Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops and National Key Laboratory of wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruifang Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops and National Key Laboratory of wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenzhen Ren
- College of Agronomy, Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops and National Key Laboratory of wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liangkun Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops and National Key Laboratory of wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huihui Su
- College of Agronomy, Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops and National Key Laboratory of wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lei Dong
- College of Agronomy, Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops and National Key Laboratory of wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanhui Chen
- College of Agronomy, Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops and National Key Laboratory of wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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Schmitt FJ, Renger G, Friedrich T, Kreslavski VD, Zharmukhamedov SK, Los DA, Kuznetsov VV, Allakhverdiev SI. Reactive oxygen species: re-evaluation of generation, monitoring and role in stress-signaling in phototrophic organisms. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2014; 1837:835-48. [PMID: 24530357 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2014.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review provides an overview about recent developments and current knowledge about monitoring, generation and the functional role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) - H2O2, HO2, HO, OH(-), (1)O2 and O2(-) - in both oxidative degradation and signal transduction in photosynthetic organisms including microscopic techniques for ROS detection and controlled generation. Reaction schemes elucidating formation, decay and signaling of ROS in cyanobacteria as well as from chloroplasts to the nuclear genome in eukaryotes during exposure of oxygen-evolving photosynthetic organisms to oxidative stress are discussed that target the rapidly growing field of regulatory effects of ROS on nuclear gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz-Josef Schmitt
- Technical University Berlin, Institute of Chemistry, Sekr. PC 14, Max-Volmer-Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, Straße des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gernot Renger
- Technical University Berlin, Institute of Chemistry, Sekr. PC 14, Max-Volmer-Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, Straße des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Friedrich
- Technical University Berlin, Institute of Chemistry, Sekr. PC 14, Max-Volmer-Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, Straße des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Vladimir D Kreslavski
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Street 2, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia; Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow 127276, Russia
| | - Sergei K Zharmukhamedov
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Street 2, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia
| | - Dmitry A Los
- Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow 127276, Russia
| | - Vladimir V Kuznetsov
- Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow 127276, Russia; Tomsk State University, Lenin Avenue 36, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Suleyman I Allakhverdiev
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Street 2, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia; Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow 127276, Russia.
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Hatem E, Berthonaud V, Dardalhon M, Lagniel G, Baudouin-Cornu P, Huang ME, Labarre J, Chédin S. Glutathione is essential to preserve nuclear function and cell survival under oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 67:103-14. [PMID: 24145121 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.10.807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is considered the most important redox buffer of the cell. To better characterize its essential function during oxidative stress conditions, we studied the physiological response of H2O2-treated yeast cells containing various amounts of GSH. We showed that the transcriptional response of GSH-depleted cells is severely impaired, despite an efficient nuclear accumulation of the transcription factor Yap1. Moreover, oxidative stress generates high genome instability in GSH-depleted cells, but does not activate the checkpoint kinase Rad53. Surprisingly, scarce amounts of intracellular GSH are sufficient to preserve cell viability under H2O2 treatment. In these cells, oxidative stress still causes the accumulation of oxidized proteins and the inactivation of the translational activity, but nuclear components and activities are protected against oxidative injury. We conclude that the essential role of GSH is to preserve nuclear function, allowing cell survival and growth resumption after oxidative stress release. We propose that cytosolic proteins are part of a protective machinery that shields the nucleus by scavenging reactive oxygen species before they can cross the nuclear membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elie Hatem
- CEA, iBiTecS, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; CNRS, FRE3377, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Université Paris-Sud, FRE3377, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Véronique Berthonaud
- CEA, iBiTecS, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; CNRS, FRE3377, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Université Paris-Sud, FRE3377, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Michèle Dardalhon
- CNRS, Institut Curie, UMR3348 "Genotoxic Stress and Cancer," F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Gilles Lagniel
- CEA, iBiTecS, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; CNRS, FRE3377, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Université Paris-Sud, FRE3377, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Peggy Baudouin-Cornu
- CEA, iBiTecS, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; CNRS, FRE3377, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Université Paris-Sud, FRE3377, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Meng-Er Huang
- CNRS, Institut Curie, UMR3348 "Genotoxic Stress and Cancer," F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Jean Labarre
- CEA, iBiTecS, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; CNRS, FRE3377, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Université Paris-Sud, FRE3377, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Stéphane Chédin
- CEA, iBiTecS, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; CNRS, FRE3377, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Université Paris-Sud, FRE3377, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
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A proteomic and metabolomic approach for understanding the role of the flor yeast mitochondria in the velum formation. Int J Food Microbiol 2014; 172:21-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2013.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Niles BJ, Joslin AC, Fresques T, Powers T. TOR complex 2-Ypk1 signaling maintains sphingolipid homeostasis by sensing and regulating ROS accumulation. Cell Rep 2014; 6:541-52. [PMID: 24462291 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2013.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced during normal metabolism and can function as signaling molecules. However, ROS at elevated levels can damage cells. Here, we identify the conserved target of rapamycin complex 2 (TORC2)/Ypk1 signaling module as an important regulator of ROS in the model eukaryotic organism, S. cerevisiae. We show that TORC2/Ypk1 suppresses ROS produced both by mitochondria as well as by nonmitochondrial sources, including changes in acidification of the vacuole. Furthermore, we link vacuole-related ROS to sphingolipids, essential components of cellular membranes, whose synthesis is also controlled by TORC2/Ypk1 signaling. In total, our data reveal that TORC2/Ypk1 act within a homeostatic feedback loop to maintain sphingolipid levels and that ROS are a critical regulatory signal within this system. Thus, ROS sensing and signaling by TORC2/Ypk1 play a central physiological role in sphingolipid biosynthesis and in the maintenance of cell growth and viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad J Niles
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Amelia C Joslin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Tara Fresques
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Ted Powers
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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69
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Cabiscol E, Tamarit J, Ros J. Protein carbonylation: proteomics, specificity and relevance to aging. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2014; 33:21-48. [PMID: 24114980 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Revised: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Detection and quantification of protein carbonyls present in biological samples has become a popular, albeit indirect, method to determine the existence of oxidative stress. Moreover, the rise of proteomics has allowed the identification of the specific proteins targeted by protein carbonylation. This review discusses these methodologies and proteomic strategies and then focuses on the relationship between protein carbonylation and aging and the parameters that may explain the increased sensitivity of certain proteins to protein carbonylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Cabiscol
- Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, IRB Lleida, Universitat de Lleida, Av. Rovira Roure, 80, 25198, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
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Gómez-Pastor R, Garre E, Pérez-Torrado R, Matallana E. Trx2p-dependent regulation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae oxidative stress response by the Skn7p transcription factor under respiring conditions. PLoS One 2013; 8:e85404. [PMID: 24376879 PMCID: PMC3871606 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The whole genome analysis has demonstrated that wine yeasts undergo changes in promoter regions and variations in gene copy number, which make them different to lab strains and help them better adapt to stressful conditions during winemaking, where oxidative stress plays a critical role. Since cytoplasmic thioredoxin II, a small protein with thiol-disulphide oxidoreductase activity, has been seen to perform important functions under biomass propagation conditions of wine yeasts, we studied the involvement of Trx2p in the molecular regulation of the oxidative stress transcriptional response on these strains. In this study, we analyzed the expression levels of several oxidative stress-related genes regulated by either Yap1p or the co-operation between Yap1p and Skn7p. The results revealed a lowered expression for all the tested Skn7p dependent genes in a Trx2p-deficient strain and that Trx2p is essential for the oxidative stress response during respiratory metabolism in wine yeast. Additionally, activity of Yap1p and Skn7p dependent promoters by β-galactosidase assays clearly demonstrated that Skn7p-dependent promoter activation is affected by TRX2 gene deficiency. Finally we showed that deleting the TRX2 gene causes Skn7p hyperphosphorylation under oxidative stress conditions. We propose Trx2p to be a new positive efector in the regulation of the Skn7p transcription factor that controls phosphorylation events and, therefore, modulates the oxidative stress response in yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Gómez-Pastor
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Elena Garre
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Roberto Pérez-Torrado
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, CSIC, 7 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Emilia Matallana
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, CSIC, 7 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Pre-symptomatic activation of antioxidant responses and alterations in glucose and pyruvate metabolism in Niemann-Pick Type C1-deficient murine brain. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82685. [PMID: 24367541 PMCID: PMC3867386 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick Type C (NPC) disease is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder caused in most cases by mutations in the NPC1 gene. NPC1-deficiency is characterized by late endosomal accumulation of cholesterol, impaired cholesterol homeostasis, and a broad range of other cellular abnormalities. Although neuronal abnormalities and glial activation are observed in nearly all areas of the brain, the most severe consequence of NPC1-deficiency is a near complete loss of Purkinje neurons in the cerebellum. The link between cholesterol trafficking and NPC pathogenesis is not yet clear; however, increased oxidative stress in symptomatic NPC disease, increases in mitochondrial cholesterol, and alterations in autophagy/mitophagy suggest that mitochondria play a role in NPC disease pathology. Alterations in mitochondrial function affect energy and neurotransmitter metabolism, and are particularly harmful to the central nervous system. To investigate early metabolic alterations that could affect NPC disease progression, we performed metabolomics analyses of different brain regions from age-matched wildtype and Npc1-/- mice at pre-symptomatic, early symptomatic and late stage disease by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Metabolic profiling revealed markedly increased lactate and decreased acetate/acetyl-CoA levels in Npc1-/- cerebellum and cerebral cortex at all ages. Protein and gene expression analyses indicated a pre-symptomatic deficiency in the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA, and an upregulation of glycolytic gene expression at the early symptomatic stage. We also observed a pre-symptomatic increase in several indicators of oxidative stress and antioxidant response systems in Npc1-/- cerebellum. Our findings suggest that energy metabolism and oxidative stress may present additional therapeutic targets in NPC disease, especially if intervention can be started at an early stage of the disease.
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Zheng M, Ahuja M, Bhattacharya D, Clement TP, Hayworth JS, Dhanasekaran M. Evaluation of differential cytotoxic effects of the oil spill dispersant Corexit 9500. Life Sci 2013; 95:108-17. [PMID: 24361361 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The British Petroleum (BP) oil spill has raised several ecological and health concerns. As the first response, BP used a chemical dispersant, Corexit-9500, to disperse the crude oil in the Gulf of Mexico to limit shoreline contamination problems. Nevertheless, portions of this oil/Corexit mixture reached the shoreline and still remain in various Gulf shore environments. The use of Corexit itself has become a significant concern since its impacts on human health and environment is unclear. MAIN METHODS In this study, in vitro cytotoxic effects of Corexit were evaluated using different mammalian cells. KEY FINDINGS Under serum free conditions, the LC50 value for Corexit in BL16/BL6 cell was 16 ppm, in 1321N1 cell was 33 ppm, in H19-7 cell was 70 ppm, in HEK293 was 93 ppm, and in HK-2 cell was 95 ppm. With regard to the mechanisms of cytotoxicity, we hypothesize that Corexit can possibly induce cytotoxicity in mammalian cells by altering the intracellular oxidative balance and inhibiting mitochondrial functions. Corexit induced increased reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxide levels; also, it depleted glutathione content and altered catalase activity in H19-7 cells. In addition, there was mitochondrial complex-I inhibition and increase in the pro-apoptotic factors including caspase-3 and BAX expression. SIGNIFICANCE The experimental results show changes in intracellular oxidative radicals leading to mitochondrial dysfunctions and apoptosis in Corexit treatments, possibly contributing to cell death. Our findings raise concerns about using large volumes of Corexit, a potential environmental toxin, in sensitive ocean environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Zheng
- Department of Civil Engineering, 212 Harbert Engineering Center, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Manuj Ahuja
- Department of Pharmacal Sciences, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Dwipayan Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmacal Sciences, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - T Prabhakar Clement
- Department of Civil Engineering, 212 Harbert Engineering Center, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Joel S Hayworth
- Department of Civil Engineering, 212 Harbert Engineering Center, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
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Moreno-Cermeño A, Alsina D, Cabiscol E, Tamarit J, Ros J. Metabolic remodeling in frataxin-deficient yeast is mediated by Cth2 and Adr1. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2013; 1833:3326-3337. [PMID: 24100161 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Frataxin is a mitochondrial protein involved in iron metabolism whose deficiency in humans causes Friedreich ataxia. We performed transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of conditional Yeast Frataxin Homologue (Yfh1) mutants (tetO7-YFH1) to investigate metabolic remodeling upon Yfh1 depletion. These studies revealed that Yfh1 depletion leads to downregulation of many glucose-repressed genes. Most of them were Adr1 targets, a key transcription factor required for growth in non-fermentable carbon sources. Using a GFP-tagged Adr1, we observed that Yfh1 depletion promotes the export of Adr1 from the nucleus to the cytosol without affecting its protein levels. This effect was also observed upon H2O2 treatment, but not by iron overload/starvation, indicating the presence of a regulatory pathway involved in Adr1 export and inactivation upon stress conditions. We also observed that CTH2, a gene involved in the mRNA degradation of several iron-containing enzymes, was induced upon Yfh1 depletion. Accordingly, decreased levels of aconitase and succinate dehydrogenase were observed. Nevertheless, their levels were maintained in a Δcth2 mutant even in the absence of Yfh1. From these results we can conclude that, in addition to altering iron homeostasis, frataxin depletion involves drastic metabolic remodeling governed by Adr1 and Cth2 that finally leads to downregulation of iron-sulfur proteins and other proteins involved in respiratory metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Moreno-Cermeño
- Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Facultat de Medicina, IRB-Lleida, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain.
| | - David Alsina
- Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Facultat de Medicina, IRB-Lleida, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Elisa Cabiscol
- Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Facultat de Medicina, IRB-Lleida, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Jordi Tamarit
- Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Facultat de Medicina, IRB-Lleida, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Joaquim Ros
- Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Facultat de Medicina, IRB-Lleida, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain.
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Fan S, Zhang Z, Zou W, Huang Z, Liu J, Liu L. Development of a minimal chemically defined medium for Ketogulonicigenium vulgare WSH001 based on its genome-scale metabolic model. J Biotechnol 2013; 169:15-22. [PMID: 24172253 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2013.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Commercial production of 2-keto-l-gulonic acid (2-KLG), the immediate precursor of l-ascorbic acid, is by Ketogulonicigenium vulgare in co-culture with Bacillus megaterium. We used flux balance analysis (FBA) to study a genome-scale metabolic model (GSMM) of K. vulgare, iWZ663, and found that K. vulgare is deficient in nutrient biosynthetic pathways. Individually omitting l-glycine, l-cysteine, l-methionine, l-tryptophan, adenine, thymine, thiamine and pantothenate from complete chemically defined medium (CDM), caused biomass formation of K. vulgare to decrease to 1%, 21%, 16%, 1%, 26%, 57%, 73% and 24%, respectively. Based on these results and FBA, a minimal chemically defined medium (MCDM) was developed that supported monoculture of K. vulgare (0.28OD600) and 2-KLG production (3.59g/L), which were similar to those in complete CDM or corn steep liquor powder (CSLP) medium. This study demonstrated the potential of using GSMM and FBA to characterize nutrient requirements, optimize CDM, and study interactions in co-culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shicun Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Wei Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Zheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Jiangsu Jiangshan Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Jingjiang, Jiangsu 214500, China
| | - Liming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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Proteomic quantification and identification of carbonylated proteins upon oxidative stress and during cellular aging. J Proteomics 2013; 92:63-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Rashid K, Sinha K, Sil PC. An update on oxidative stress-mediated organ pathophysiology. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 62:584-600. [PMID: 24084033 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to environmental pollutants and drugs can result in pathophysiological situations in the body. Research in this area is essential as the knowledge on cellular survival and death would help in designing effective therapeutic strategies that are needed for the maintenance of the normal physiological functions of the body. In this regard, naturally occurring bio-molecules can be considered as potential therapeutic targets as they are normally available in commonly consumed foodstuffs and are thought to have minimum side effects. This review article describes the detailed mechanisms of oxidative stress-mediated organ pathophysiology and the ultimate fate of the cells either to survive or to undergo necrotic or apoptotic death. The mechanisms underlying the beneficial role of a number of naturally occurring bioactive molecules in oxidative stress-mediated organ pathophysiology have also been included in the review. The review provides useful information about the recent progress in understanding the mechanism(s) of various types of organ pathophysiology, the complex cross-talk between these pathways, as well as their modulation in stressed conditions. Additionally, it suggests possible therapeutic applications of a number of naturally occurring bioactive molecules in conditions involving oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kahkashan Rashid
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Calcutta 700054, West Bengal, India
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77
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Brock JR, Bielmyer GK. Metal accumulation and sublethal effects in the sea anemone, Aiptasia pallida, after waterborne exposure to metal mixtures. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2013; 158:150-8. [PMID: 23845877 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The marine environment is subjected to contamination by a complex mixture of metals from various anthropogenic sources. Measuring the biological responses of organisms to a complex mixture of metals allows for examination of metal-specific responses in an environmentally realistic exposure scenario. To address this issue, the sea anemone, Aiptasia pallida was exposed to a control and a metal mixture (copper, zinc, nickel, and cadmium) at three exposure levels (10, 50, and 100 μg/L) for 7 days. Anemones were then transferred to metal-free seawater for an additional 7 days after the metal exposure to assess metal depuration and recovery. Metal accumulation, activity of the enzymes catalase, glutathione reductase, and carbonic anhydrase, as well as, cell density of the symbiotic zooxanthellae were measured over 14 days. Metal accumulation in A. pallida occurred in a concentration dependent manner over the 7-day exposure period. Altered enzyme activity and tentacle retraction of the host, as well as decreased zooxanthellae cell density were observed responses over the 7 days, after exposure to a metal concentration as low as 10 μg/L. Metal depuration and physiological recovery were dependent on both the metal and the exposure concentration. Understanding how A. pallida and their symbionts are affected by metal exposures in the laboratory may allow better understanding about the responses of symbiotic cnidarians in metal polluted aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Brock
- Department of Biology, Valdosta State University, Valdosta, GA, USA
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78
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Guo J, Hanawalt PC, Spivak G. Comet-FISH with strand-specific probes reveals transcription-coupled repair of 8-oxoGuanine in human cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2013; 41:7700-12. [PMID: 23775797 PMCID: PMC3763531 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkt524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidized bases in DNA have been implicated in cancer, aging and neurodegenerative disease. We have developed an approach combining single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet) with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) that enables the comparative quantification of low, physiologically relevant levels of DNA lesions in the respective strands of defined nucleotide sequences and in the genome overall. We have synthesized single-stranded probes targeting the termini of DNA segments of interest using a polymerase chain reaction-based method. These probes facilitate detection of damage at the single-molecule level, as the lesions are converted to DNA strand breaks by lesion-specific endonucleases or glycosylases. To validate our method, we have documented transcription-coupled repair of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers in the ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) gene in human fibroblasts irradiated with 254 nm ultraviolet at 0.1 J/m2, a dose ∼100-fold lower than those typically used. The high specificity and sensitivity of our approach revealed that 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) at an incidence of approximately three lesions per megabase is preferentially repaired in the transcribed strand of the ATM gene. We have also demonstrated that the hOGG1, XPA, CSB and UVSSA proteins, as well as actively elongating RNA polymerase II, are required for this process, suggesting cross-talk between DNA repair pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Guo
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, 371 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305-5020, USA
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79
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Macromolecular Oxidation in Planktonic Population and Biofilms of Proteus mirabilis Exposed to Ciprofloxacin. Cell Biochem Biophys 2013; 68:49-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s12013-013-9693-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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80
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Zheng J, Chen Y, Yao F, Chen W, Shi G. Chemical composition and antioxidant/antimicrobial activities in supercritical carbon dioxide fluid extract of Gloiopeltis tenax. Mar Drugs 2013; 10:2634-47. [PMID: 23342386 PMCID: PMC3528115 DOI: 10.3390/md10122634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gloiopeltis tenax (G. tenax) is widely distributed along the Chinese coastal areas and is commonly used in the treatment of diarrhea and colitis. This study aimed at investigating the bioactivities of the volatile constituents in G. tenax. We extracted the essential constituents of G. tenax by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (CO2-SFE), then identified and analyzed the constituents by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In total, 30 components were identified in the G. tenax extract. The components showed remarkable antioxidant activity (radical scavenging activity of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)), lipid peroxidation inhibition capacity (in a β-carotene/linoleic acid-coupled oxidation reaction), and hydroxyl radical-scavenging activity (by deoxyribose degradation by iron-dependent hydroxyl radical), compared to butylated hydroxytoluene. In microdilution assays, G. tenax extracts showed a moderate inhibitory effects on Staphyloccocus aureus (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) = 3.9 mg/mL), Enterococcus faecalis (7.8 mg/mL), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15.6 mg/mL), and Escherichia coli (3.9 mg/mL). Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of G. tenax were related to the active chemical composition. These results suggest that the CO2-SFE extract from G. tenax has potential to be used as a natural antioxidant and antimicrobial agent in food processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (F.Y.)
| | - Yicun Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (F.Y.)
| | - Fen Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (F.Y.)
| | - Weizhou Chen
- Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China;
| | - Ganggang Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; (J.Z.); (Y.C.); (F.Y.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +86-754-8890-0301; Fax: +86-754-8855-7562
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81
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The inhibitors of antioxidant cell enzymes induce permeability transition in yeast mitochondria. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2013; 45:491-504. [DOI: 10.1007/s10863-013-9511-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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82
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Sinha K, Das J, Pal PB, Sil PC. Oxidative stress: the mitochondria-dependent and mitochondria-independent pathways of apoptosis. Arch Toxicol 2013; 87:1157-80. [PMID: 23543009 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-013-1034-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1156] [Impact Index Per Article: 105.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress basically defines a condition in which prooxidant-antioxidant balance in the cell is disturbed; cellular biomolecules undergo severe oxidative damage, ultimately compromising cells viability. In recent years, a number of studies have shown that oxidative stress could cause cellular apoptosis via both the mitochondria-dependent and mitochondria-independent pathways. Since these pathways are directly related to the survival or death of various cell types in normal as well as pathophysiological situations, a clear picture of these pathways for various active molecules in their biological functions would help designing novel therapeutic strategy. This review highlights the basic mechanisms of ROS production and their sites of formation; detail mechanism of both mitochondria-dependent and mitochondria-independent pathways of apoptosis as well as their regulation by ROS. Emphasis has been given on the redox-sensitive ASK1 signalosome and its downstream JNK pathway. This review also describes the involvement of oxidative stress under various environmental toxin- and drug-induced organ pathophysiology and diabetes-mediated apoptosis. We believe that this review would provide useful information about the most recent progress in understanding the mechanism of oxidative stress-mediated regulation of apoptotic pathways. It will also help to figure out the complex cross-talks between these pathways and their modulations by oxidative stress. The literature will also shed a light on the blind alleys of this field to be explored. Finally, readers would know about the ROS-regulated and apoptosis-mediated organ pathophysiology which might help to find their probable remedies in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnendu Sinha
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Calcutta 700054, West Bengal, India
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83
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Liu Y, Ying YL, Wang HY, Cao C, Li DW, Zhang WQ, Long YT. Real-time monitoring of the oxidative response of a membrane–channel biomimetic system to free radicals. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:6584-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc41763h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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84
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Dzierzbicki P, Kaniak-Golik A, Malc E, Mieczkowski P, Ciesla Z. The generation of oxidative stress-induced rearrangements in Saccharomyces cerevisiae mtDNA is dependent on the Nuc1 (EndoG/ExoG) nuclease and is enhanced by inactivation of the MRX complex. Mutat Res 2012; 740:21-33. [PMID: 23276591 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2012.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2012] [Revised: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is known to enhance the frequency of two major types of alterations in the mitochondrial genome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: point mutations and large deletions resulting in the generation of respiration-deficient petite rhō mutants. We investigated the effect of antimycin A, a well-known agent inducing oxidative stress, on the stability of mtDNA. We show that antimycin enhances exclusively the generation of respiration-deficient petite mutants and this is accompanied by a significant increase in the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and in a marked drop of cellular ATP. Whole mitochondrial genome sequencing revealed that mtDNAs of antimycin-induced petite mutants are deleted for most of the wild-type sequence and usually contain one of the active origins of mtDNA replication: ori1, ori2 ori3 or ori5. We show that the frequency of antimycin-induced rhō mutants is significantly elevated in mutants deleted either for the RAD50 or XRS2 gene, both encoding the components of the MRX complex, which is known to be involved in the repair of double strand breaks (DSBs) in DNA. Furthermore, enhanced frequency of rhō mutants in cultures of antimycin-treated cells lacking Rad50 was further increased by the simultaneous absence of the Ogg1 glycosylase, an important enzyme functioning in mtBER. We demonstrate also that rad50Δ and xrs2Δ deletion mutants display a considerable reduction in the frequency of allelic mitochondrial recombination, suggesting that it is the deficiency in homologous recombination which is responsible for enhanced rearrangements of mtDNA in antimycin-treated cells of these mutants. Finally, we show that the generation of large-scale mtDNA deletions induced by antimycin is markedly decreased in a nuc1Δ mutant lacking the activity of the Nuc1 nuclease, an ortholog of the mammalian mitochondrial nucleases EndoG and ExoG. This result indicates that the nuclease plays an important role in processing of oxidative stress-induced lesions in the mitochondrial genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Dzierzbicki
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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85
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Rego A, Costa M, Chaves SR, Matmati N, Pereira H, Sousa MJ, Moradas-Ferreira P, Hannun YA, Costa V, Côrte-Real M. Modulation of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization and apoptosis by ceramide metabolism. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48571. [PMID: 23226203 PMCID: PMC3511487 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae undergoes a mitochondrial-dependent programmed cell death in response to different stimuli, such as acetic acid, with features similar to those of mammalian apoptosis. However, the upstream signaling events in this process, including those leading to mitochondrial membrane permeabilization, are still poorly characterized. Changes in sphingolipid metabolism have been linked to modulation of apoptosis in both yeast and mammalian cells, and ceramides have been detected in mitochondria upon apoptotic stimuli. In this study, we aimed to characterize the contribution of enzymes involved in ceramide metabolism to apoptotic cell death induced by acetic acid. We show that isc1Δ and lag1Δ mutants, lacking inositol phosphosphingolipid phospholipase C and ceramide synthase, respectively, exhibited a higher resistance to acetic acid that was associated with lower levels of some phytoceramide species. Consistently, these mutant cells displayed lower levels of ROS production and reduced mitochondrial alterations, such as mitochondrial fragmentation and degradation, and decreased translocation of cytochrome c into the cytosol in response to acetic acid. These results suggest that ceramide production contributes to cell death induced by acetic acid, especially through hydrolysis of complex sphingolipids catalyzed by Isc1p and de novo synthesis catalyzed by Lag1p, and provide the first in vivo indication of its involvement in mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization in yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- António Rego
- Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Biologia Molecular e Ambiental, Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Margarida Costa
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana Rodrigues Chaves
- Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Biologia Molecular e Ambiental, Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Nabil Matmati
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Health Science Center, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Helena Pereira
- Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Biologia Molecular e Ambiental, Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Maria João Sousa
- Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Biologia Molecular e Ambiental, Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Pedro Moradas-Ferreira
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Yusuf A. Hannun
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Health Science Center, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Vítor Costa
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- * E-mail: (VC); (MCR)
| | - Manuela Côrte-Real
- Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Biologia Molecular e Ambiental, Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal
- * E-mail: (VC); (MCR)
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86
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Wang M, Wang L, Zhou Z, Gao Y, Wang L, Shi X, Gai Y, Mu C, Song L. The molecular characterization of a catalase from Chinese mitten crabEriocheir sinensis. Int J Immunogenet 2012; 40:230-40. [DOI: 10.1111/iji.12019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2011] [Revised: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology; Institute of Oceanology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Qingdao; China
| | - L. Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology; Institute of Oceanology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Qingdao; China
| | | | | | | | | | - Y. Gai
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology; Institute of Oceanology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Qingdao; China
| | - C. Mu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology; Institute of Oceanology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Qingdao; China
| | - L. Song
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology; Institute of Oceanology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Qingdao; China
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87
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Clinical significance and prevalence of anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibody in Chinese patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Clin Exp Med 2012; 13:245-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s10238-012-0207-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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88
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Starkov AA. An update on the role of mitochondrial α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase in oxidative stress. Mol Cell Neurosci 2012; 55:13-6. [PMID: 22820180 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2012.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Revised: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The activity of mitochondrial alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (KGDHC) is severely reduced in human pathologies where oxidative stress is traditionally thought to play an important role, such as familial and sporadic forms of Alzheimer's disease and other age-related neurodegenerative diseases. This minireview is focused on substantial data that were accumulated over the last 2 decades to support the concept that KGDHC can be a primary mitochondrial target of oxidative stress and at the same time a key contributor to it by producing reactive oxygen species. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Mitochondrial function and dysfunction in neurodegeneration'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly A Starkov
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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89
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Comparing the efficiencies of hydrazide labels in the study of protein carbonylation in human serum albumin. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 404:1399-411. [PMID: 22811063 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6235-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we establish a methodology for comparing the efficiencies of different hydrazide labels for detecting protein carbonyls. We have chosen acrolein-modified human serum albumin as a model. This system provides a convenient means of reproducibly generating carbonylated protein. Five hydrazide-based labels were tested. Three carry a biotin affinity tag, and the others are simple fatty acid hydrazides. For the biotin-based labels, the yield of the labeling reaction varies considerably, and the most commonly used label, biotin hydrazide, gives the lowest yield. The total tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) spectrum counts of modified peptides are similar for all of the biotin-based tags, indicating that factors beyond the labeling efficiency are important in determining the effectiveness of the label. In addition, there is a large variation in the number of spectra obtained for specific, modified peptides depending on the nature of the labeling group. This variation implies that the relative detectability of a particular modification site is highly dependent on the tagging reagent, and more importantly, titration schemes aimed at identifying the most reactive site based on its threshold concentration will be biased by the choice of tagging reagent. The fatty acid hydrazides are somewhat more effective than the biotin-based hydrazides in generating identifiable MS/MS spectra but offer no opportunity for enrichment. For the biotin-based tags, avidin affinity chromatography was used with the tryptic digests, and each tag led to similar enrichment levels.
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90
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Mániková D, Vlasáková D, Letavayová L, Klobučniková V, Griač P, Chovanec M. Selenium toxicity toward yeast as assessed by microarray analysis and deletion mutant library screen: a role for DNA repair. Chem Res Toxicol 2012; 25:1598-608. [PMID: 22747191 DOI: 10.1021/tx300061n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is a trace element that is essential for human health as it takes part in many cellular processes. The cellular response to this compound elicits very diverse processes including DNA damage response and repair. Because an inorganic form of Se, sodium selenite (SeL), has often been a part of numerous studies and because this form of Se is used as a dietary supplement by the public, here, we elucidated mechanisms of SeL-induced toxicity in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae using a combination of systematic genetic and transcriptome analysis. First, we screened the yeast haploid deletion mutant library for growth in the presence of this Se compound. We identified 39 highly SeL sensitive mutants. The corresponding deleted genes encoded mostly proteins involved in DNA damage response and repair, vacuole function, glutathione (GSH) metabolism, transcription, and chromatin metabolism. DNA damage response and repair mutants were examined in more detail: a synergistic interaction between postreplication (PRR) and homologous recombination (HRR) repair pathways was revealed. In addition, the effect of combined defects in HRR and GSH metabolism was analyzed, and again, the synergistic interaction was found. Second, microarray analysis was used to reveal expression profile changes after SeL exposure. The gene process categories "amino acid metabolism" and "generation of precursor metabolites and energy" comprised the greatest number of induced and repressed genes, respectively. We propose that SeL-induced toxicity markedly results from DNA injury, thereby highlighting the importance of DNA damage response and repair pathways in protecting cells against toxic effects of this Se compound. In addition, we suggest that SeL toxicity also originates from damage to cellular proteins, including those acting in DNA damage response and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Mániková
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Vlárska 7, 833 91 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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91
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Nagano T, Kojima K, Hisabori T, Hayashi H, Morita EH, Kanamori T, Miyagi T, Ueda T, Nishiyama Y. Elongation factor G is a critical target during oxidative damage to the translation system of Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:28697-704. [PMID: 22773838 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.378067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Elongation factor G (EF-G), a key protein in translational elongation, is known to be particularly susceptible to oxidation in Escherichia coli. However, neither the mechanism of the oxidation of EF-G nor the influence of its oxidation on translation is fully understood. In the present study, we investigated the effects of oxidants on the chemical properties and function of EF-G using a translation system in vitro derived from E. coli. Treatment of EF-G with 0.5 mM H(2)O(2) resulted in the complete loss of translational activity. The inactivation of EF-G by H(2)O(2) was attributable to the oxidation of two specific cysteine residues, namely, Cys(114) and Cys(266), and subsequent formation of an intramolecular disulfide bond. Replacement of Cys(114) by serine rendered EF-G insensitive to oxidation and inactivation by H(2)O(2). Furthermore, generation of the translation system in vitro with the mutated EF-G protected the entire translation system from oxidation, suggesting that EF-G might be a primary target of oxidation within the translation system. Oxidized EF-G was reactivated via reduction of the disulfide bond by thioredoxin, a ubiquitous protein that mediates dithiol-disulfide exchange. Our observations indicate that the translational machinery in E. coli is regulated, in part, by the redox state of EF-G, which might depend on the balance between the supply of reducing power and the degree of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Nagano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
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92
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Hwang IS, Lee J, Lee DG. Indole-3-carbinol generates reactive oxygen species and induces apoptosis. Biol Pharm Bull 2012; 34:1602-8. [PMID: 21963502 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.34.1602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cruciferous vegetables contain glucobrassicin which, during metabolism, yields indole-3-carbinol (I3C). The aim of this study was to find whether indole-3-carbinol caused apoptosis and its mechanism in Candida albicans. We found that treatment of Candida albicans with indole-3-carbinol significantly increased the reactive oxygen species and hydroxyl radical accumulation. The hydroxyl radical is one of the most active components of oxygen, and it is the end product of an oxidative damage cellular death pathway. We investigated the general phenotypes of apoptosis and then investigated whether there were other distinct markers of apoptosis. Furthermore, the effects of thiourea as a hydroxyl radical scavenger and protective effect of trehalose, which is the result of the fungal immune system, was also assured. This study indicates that indole-3-carbinol has apoptosis effects, including a production of hydroxyl radicals, cytochrome c release and activation of metacaspase. Both hydroxyl radicals and metacaspases triggered apoptosis in Candida albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-sok Hwang
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Buk-gu, Daegu 702–701, Republic of Korea
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93
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Analysis of oxidative stress-induced protein carbonylation using fluorescent hydrazides. J Proteomics 2012; 75:3778-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Revised: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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94
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McCarrey JR. The epigenome as a target for heritable environmental disruptions of cellular function. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 354:9-15. [PMID: 21970811 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Revised: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The environment is a well-established source of damaging or disrupting influences on cellular function. In the past, studies of the mechanisms by which such disruptions occur have focused largely on either direct toxic effects on cellular function at the protein or cell signaling level, or mutagenic effects that impact the genome. In recent years there has been a growing appreciation for the potential for environmental influences to disrupt the epigenome and mechanisms of epigenetic regulation within the cell. Indeed, because of the inherent lability of the epigenome, this represents a primary target for environmentally induced disruption. This review summarizes the manner in which the epigenome normally regulates cellular function, the effects of disruptions on this function, and the manner in which such disruptions may or may not be corrected within the organism and/or transmitted to subsequent generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R McCarrey
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, 1 UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA.
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95
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Kowalska E, Kujda M, Wolak N, Kozik A. Altered expression and activities of enzymes involved in thiamine diphosphate biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae under oxidative and osmotic stress. FEMS Yeast Res 2012; 12:534-46. [PMID: 22449018 DOI: 10.1111/j.1567-1364.2012.00804.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Revised: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Thiamine diphosphate (TDP) serves as a cofactor for enzymes engaged in pivotal carbohydrate metabolic pathways, which are known to be modulated under stress conditions to ensure the cell survival. Recent reports have proven a protective role of thiamine (vitamin B(1)) in the response of plants to abiotic stress. This work aimed at verifying a hypothesis that also baker's yeast, which can synthesize thiamine de novo similarly to plants and bacteria, adjust thiamine metabolism to adverse environmental conditions. Our analyses on the gene expression and enzymatic activity levels generally showed an increased production of thiamine biosynthesis enzymes (THI4 and THI6/THI6), a TDP synthesizing enzyme (THI80/THI80) and a TDP-requiring enzyme, transketolase (TKL1/TKL) by yeast subjected to oxidative (1 mM hydrogen peroxide) and osmotic (1 M sorbitol) stress. However, these effects differed in magnitude, depending on yeast growth phase and presence of thiamine in growth medium. A mutant thi4Δ with increased sensitivity to oxidative stress exhibited enhanced TDP biosynthesis as compared with the wild-type strain. Similar tendencies were observed in mutants yap1Δ and hog1Δ defective in the signaling pathways of the defense against oxidative and osmotic stress, respectively, suggesting that thiamine metabolism can partly compensate damages of yeast general defense systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Kowalska
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
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96
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Kim IS, Kim YS, Yoon HS. Rice ASR1 protein with reactive oxygen species scavenging and chaperone-like activities enhances acquired tolerance to abiotic stresses in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Cells 2012; 33:285-93. [PMID: 22382682 PMCID: PMC3887699 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-012-2253-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Revised: 12/09/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abscisic acid stress ripening (ASR1) protein is a small hydrophilic, low molecular weight, and stress-specific plant protein. The gene coding region of ASR1 protein, which is induced under high salinity in rice (Oryza sativa Ilmi), was cloned into a yeast expression vector pVTU260 and transformed into yeast cells. Heterologous expression of ASR1 protein in transgenic yeast cells improved tolerance to abiotic stresses including hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), high salinity (NaCl), heat shock, menadione, copper sulfate, sulfuric acid, lactic acid, salicylic acid, and also high concentration of ethanol. In particular, the expression of metabolic enzymes (Fba1p, Pgk1p, Eno2p, Tpi1p, and Adh1p), antioxidant enzyme (Ahp1p), molecular chaperone (Ssb1p), and pyrimidine biosynthesis-related enzyme (Ura1p) was up-regulated in the transgenic yeast cells under oxidative stress when compared with wild-type cells. All of these enzymes contribute to an alleviated redox state to H2O2-induced oxidative stress. In the in vitro assay, the purified ASR1 protein was able to scavenge ROS by converting H(2)O(2) to H(2)O. Taken together, these results suggest that the ASR1 protein could function as an effective ROS scavenger and its expression could enhance acquired tolerance of ROS-induced oxidative stress through induction of various cell rescue proteins in yeast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il-Sup Kim
- Department of Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701,
Korea
| | - Young-Saeng Kim
- Department of Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701,
Korea
| | - Ho-Sung Yoon
- Department of Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701,
Korea
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97
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Gómez-Pastor R, Pérez-Torrado R, Cabiscol E, Ros J, Matallana E. Engineered Trx2p industrial yeast strain protects glycolysis and fermentation proteins from oxidative carbonylation during biomass propagation. Microb Cell Fact 2012; 11:4. [PMID: 22230188 PMCID: PMC3280929 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-11-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the yeast biomass production process, protein carbonylation has severe adverse effects since it diminishes biomass yield and profitability of industrial production plants. However, this significant detriment of yeast performance can be alleviated by increasing thioredoxins levels. Thioredoxins are important antioxidant defenses implicated in many functions in cells, and their primordial functions include scavenging of reactive oxygen species that produce dramatic and irreversible alterations such as protein carbonylation. RESULTS In this work we have found several proteins specifically protected by yeast Thioredoxin 2 (Trx2p). Bidimensional electrophoresis and carbonylated protein identification from TRX-deficient and TRX-overexpressing cells revealed that glycolysis and fermentation-related proteins are specific targets of Trx2p protection. Indeed, the TRX2 overexpressing strain presented increased activity of the central carbon metabolism enzymes. Interestingly, Trx2p specifically preserved alcohol dehydrogenase I (Adh1p) from carbonylation, decreased oligomer aggregates and increased its enzymatic activity. CONCLUSIONS The identified proteins suggest that the fermentative capacity detriment observed under industrial conditions in T73 wine commercial strain results from the oxidative carbonylation of specific glycolytic and fermentation enzymes. Indeed, increased thioredoxin levels enhance the performance of key fermentation enzymes such as Adh1p, which consequently increases fermentative capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Gómez-Pastor
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, CSIC, Apartado de Correos, 73. Burjassot (Valencia). E-46100, Spain
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98
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Hwang IS, Lee J, Jin HG, Woo ER, Lee DG. Amentoflavone Stimulates Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Induces Apoptotic Cell Death in Candida albicans. Mycopathologia 2011; 173:207-18. [DOI: 10.1007/s11046-011-9503-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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99
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Vaubel RA, Rustin P, Isaya G. Mutations in the dimer interface of dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase promote site-specific oxidative damages in yeast and human cells. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:40232-45. [PMID: 21930696 PMCID: PMC3220568 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.274415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Revised: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLD) is a multifunctional protein well characterized as the E3 component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complexes. Previously, conditions predicted to destabilize the DLD dimer revealed that DLD could also function as a diaphorase and serine protease. However, the relevance of these cryptic activities remained undefined. We analyzed human DLD mutations linked to strikingly different clinical phenotypes, including E340K, D444V, R447G, and R460G in the dimer interface domain that are responsible for severe multisystem disorders of infancy and G194C in the NAD(+)-binding domain that is typically associated with milder presentations. In vitro, all of these mutations decreased to various degrees dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase activity, whereas dimer interface mutations also enhanced proteolytic and/or diaphorase activity. Human DLD proteins carrying each individual mutation complemented fully the respiratory-deficient phenotype of yeast cells lacking endogenous DLD even when residual dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase activity was as low as 21% of controls. However, under elevated oxidative stress, expression of DLD proteins with dimer interface mutations greatly accelerated the loss of respiratory function, resulting from enhanced oxidative damage to the lipoic acid cofactor of pyruvate dehydrogenase and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase and other mitochondrial targets. This effect was not observed with the G194C mutation or a mutation that disrupts the proteolytic active site of DLD. As in yeast, lipoic acid cofactor was damaged in human D444V-homozygous fibroblasts after exposure to oxidative stress. We conclude that the cryptic activities of DLD promote oxidative damage to neighboring molecules and thus contribute to the clinical severity of DLD mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael A. Vaubel
- From the Departments of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester Minnesota 55905
| | - Pierre Rustin
- INSERM U676 Hôpital Robert Debré, F-75019 Paris, France, and
- Université Paris 7, Faculté de Médecine Denis Diderot, IFR02 Paris, France
| | - Grazia Isaya
- From the Departments of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester Minnesota 55905
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100
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Brandes N, Reichmann D, Tienson H, Leichert LI, Jakob U. Using quantitative redox proteomics to dissect the yeast redoxome. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:41893-41903. [PMID: 21976664 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.296236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
To understand and eventually predict the effects of changing redox conditions and oxidant levels on the physiology of an organism, it is essential to gain knowledge about its redoxome: the proteins whose activities are controlled by the oxidation status of their cysteine thiols. Here, we applied the quantitative redox proteomic method OxICAT to Saccharomyces cerevisiae and determined the in vivo thiol oxidation status of almost 300 different yeast proteins distributed among various cellular compartments. We found that a substantial number of cytosolic and mitochondrial proteins are partially oxidized during exponential growth. Our results suggest that prevailing redox conditions constantly control central cellular pathways by fine-tuning oxidation status and hence activity of these proteins. Treatment with sublethal H(2)O(2) concentrations caused a subset of 41 proteins to undergo substantial thiol modifications, thereby affecting a variety of different cellular pathways, many of which are directly or indirectly involved in increasing oxidative stress resistance. Classification of the identified protein thiols according to their steady-state oxidation levels and sensitivity to peroxide treatment revealed that redox sensitivity of protein thiols does not predict peroxide sensitivity. Our studies provide experimental evidence that the ability of protein thiols to react to changing peroxide levels is likely governed by both thermodynamic and kinetic parameters, making predicting thiol modifications challenging and de novo identification of peroxide sensitive protein thiols indispensable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Brandes
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Dana Reichmann
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Heather Tienson
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Lars I Leichert
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Ursula Jakob
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109.
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