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Algal Polysaccharides and Health. POLYSACCHARIDES 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-03751-6_24-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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52
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53
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Namvar F, Tahir PM, Mohamad R, Mahdavi M, Abedi P, Najafi TF, Rahman HS, Jawaid M. Biomedical Properties of Edible Seaweed in Cancer Therapy and Chemoprevention Trials: A Review. Nat Prod Commun 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1300801237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This review article summarizes in vitro and in vivo experiments on seaweed anticancer activity and seaweed chemical components. Seaweed use in cancer therapy, chemopreventive randomized control trials (RCTs) and quasi-experiments are discussed. The literature reviewed in this article was obtained from various scientific sources and encompasses publications from 2000–2012. Seaweed therapeutic effects were deemed scientifically plausible and may be partially explained by the in vivo and in vitro pharmacological studies described. Although the mechanisms of action remain unclear, seaweed's anticancer properties may be attributable to its major biologically active metabolites. Much of the seaweed research outlined in this paper can serve as a foundation for explaining seaweed anticancer bioactivity. This review will open doors for developing strategies to treat malignancies using seaweed natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farideh Namvar
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Medicine, Applied Biology Research Center, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Iran
| | - Paridah Md. Tahir
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rosfarizan Mohamad
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Parvin Abedi
- Reproductive Health Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Tahereh Fathi Najafi
- Department of Medicine, Applied Biology Research Center, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Iran
| | - Heshu Sulaiman Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Jawaid
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Molecular cloning, characterization, and heterologous expression of a new κ-carrageenase gene from marine bacterium Zobellia sp. ZM-2. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:10057-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-5215-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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55
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Mohamed S, Hashim SN, Rahman HA. Seaweeds: A sustainable functional food for complementary and alternative therapy. Trends Food Sci Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2011.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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56
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Barahona T, Encinas MV, Mansilla A, Matsuhiro B, Zúñiga EA. A sulfated galactan with antioxidant capacity from the green variant of tetrasporic Gigartina skottsbergii (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta). Carbohydr Res 2012; 347:114-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2011.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Revised: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 11/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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57
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Effects of structural peculiarities of carrageenans on their immunomodulatory and anticoagulant activities. Carbohydr Polym 2012; 87:713-720. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Revised: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 08/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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58
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Abstract
Red algae (Rhodophyta) are known as the source of unique sulfated galactans, such as agar, agarose, and carrageenans. The wide practical uses of these polysaccharides are based on their ability to form strong gels in aqueous solutions. Gelling polysaccharides usually have molecules built up of repeating disaccharide units with a regular distribution of sulfate groups, but most of the red algal species contain more complex galactans devoid of gelling ability because of various deviations from the regular structure. Moreover, several red algae may contain sulfated mannans or neutral xylans instead of sulfated galactans as the main structural polysaccharides. This chapter is devoted to a description of the structural diversity of polysaccharides found in the red algae, with special emphasis on the methods of structural analysis of sulfated galactans. In addition to the structural information, some data on the possible use of red algal polysaccharides as biologically active polymers or as taxonomic markers are briefly discussed.
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59
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Vo TS, Ngo DH, Ta QV, Kim SK. Marine organisms as a therapeutic source against herpes simplex virus infection. Eur J Pharm Sci 2011; 44:11-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2011.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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60
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NMR analysis of fractionated irradiated κ-carrageenan oligomers as plant growth promoter. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2011.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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61
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Kumar S, Nandan D, Meena R, Prasad K, Siddhanta AK. Sulfated Galactans of Champia indica and Champia parvula (Rhodymeniales, Rhodophyta) of Indian Waters. J Carbohydr Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2011.587924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kumar
- a Marine Biotechnology & Ecology Discipline, Central Salt & Marine Chemical Research Institute , Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) , G.B.Marg, Bhavnagar, 364002, Gujarat, India
| | - Devaki Nandan
- a Marine Biotechnology & Ecology Discipline, Central Salt & Marine Chemical Research Institute , Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) , G.B.Marg, Bhavnagar, 364002, Gujarat, India
| | - Ramavatar Meena
- a Marine Biotechnology & Ecology Discipline, Central Salt & Marine Chemical Research Institute , Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) , G.B.Marg, Bhavnagar, 364002, Gujarat, India
| | - Kamalesh Prasad
- a Marine Biotechnology & Ecology Discipline, Central Salt & Marine Chemical Research Institute , Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) , G.B.Marg, Bhavnagar, 364002, Gujarat, India
| | - Arup K. Siddhanta
- a Marine Biotechnology & Ecology Discipline, Central Salt & Marine Chemical Research Institute , Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) , G.B.Marg, Bhavnagar, 364002, Gujarat, India
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62
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Sun T, Tao H, Xie J, Zhang S, Xu X. Degradation and antioxidant activity of κ-carrageenans. J Appl Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/app.31955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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63
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64
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Virucidal activity of polysaccharide extracts from four algal species against herpes simplex virus. Antiviral Res 2009; 83:282-9. [PMID: 19576248 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2009.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2009] [Revised: 06/04/2009] [Accepted: 06/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1, HSV-2) infections are common, but can cause serious infections in neonates and the immunocompromised. Drugs currently used to treat cutaneous or genital HSV infections are effective in limiting disease, but the emergence of drug resistant viruses in immunocompromised individuals can be problematic. While the prophylactic oral treatment with antiviral drugs can reduce virus shedding and transmission, there is a need for topical microbicides that have the potential to limit sexual transmission of the virus. Previous reports demonstrated the antiviral activity of complex sulfated polysaccharides extracted from various species of marine algae and suggested that they interfered with the attachment of virions to host cells. Here, we evaluated the antiviral activity of extracts from Undaria pinnatifida, Splachnidium rugosum, Gigartina atropurpurea, and Plocamium cartilagineum against HSV-1 and HSV-2. These extracts exhibited good activity when added during the first hour of viral infection, but were ineffective if added later. Plaque reduction assays, when the extracts were added prior to viral inoculation, yielded EC(50) values that ranged from 2.5-3.6 microg/ml for HSV-1 and 0.7-6.6 microg/ml for HSV-2. None of the extracts exhibited significant toxicity in a neutral red uptake assay (IC(50) >100 microg/ml). Subsequent assays showed that the compounds had potent virucidal activity and were active at very low concentrations. We conclude that these extracts are nontoxic and effective virucidal agents that warrant further investigation to examine their potential role in the prevention of HSV infections of humans.
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65
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Structural and functional insights into sulfated galactans: a systematic review. Glycoconj J 2009; 27:1-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-009-9251-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2009] [Revised: 06/11/2009] [Accepted: 06/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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66
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Campo VL, Kawano DF, Silva DBD, Carvalho I. Carrageenans: Biological properties, chemical modifications and structural analysis – A review. Carbohydr Polym 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2009.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 782] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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67
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Characterization of a neutral polysaccharide with antioxidant capacity from red wine. Carbohydr Res 2009; 344:1095-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2009.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2009] [Revised: 03/16/2009] [Accepted: 03/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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68
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Lins KOAL, Bezerra DP, Alves APNN, Alencar NMN, Lima MW, Torres VM, Farias WRL, Pessoa C, de Moraes MO, Costa-Lotufo LV. Antitumor properties of a sulfated polysaccharide from the red seaweedChampia feldmannii(Diaz-Pifferer). J Appl Toxicol 2009; 29:20-6. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.1374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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69
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70
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Chandía NP, Matsuhiro B. Characterization of a fucoidan from Lessonia vadosa (Phaeophyta) and its anticoagulant and elicitor properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2008; 42:235-40. [PMID: 18054382 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2007.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2007] [Revised: 10/22/2007] [Accepted: 10/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Blades of Lessonia vadosa (Phaeophyta) were extracted with 2% CaCl(2) solution, affording in 4.4% yield a polysaccharide which contained fucose and sulfate groups in the molar ratio 1.0:1.12. The high negative optical activity value ([alpha](D)(22)=-134.0 degrees ), FT-IR and NMR analysis suggest the presence of a fucoidan. (13)C NMR spectrum of the polysaccharide obtained by solvolytic desulfation of native fucoidan indicated the major presence of 1-->3 linked alpha-l-fucan. Depolymerization of the native fucoidan with H(2)O(2) in the presence of copper(II) acetate gave in 54.8% yield a fraction with 33.7% of sulfate content. The native fucoidan (MW 320,000) showed good anticoagulant activity whereas the radical depolymerized fraction (MW 32,000) presented a weak anticoagulant activity. These polysaccharides showed significant activation of phenylalanine-ammonia lyase (PAL), lipooxygenase (LOX) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) defence enzyme activities in tobacco plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- N P Chandía
- Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Casilla 40, Correo 33, Santiago, Chile
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71
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Talarico LB, Damonte EB. Interference in dengue virus adsorption and uncoating by carrageenans. Virology 2007; 363:473-85. [PMID: 17337028 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2007.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2007] [Accepted: 01/16/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This study demonstrated that the lambda- and iota-carrageenans, sulfated polysaccharides containing linear chains of galactopyranosyl residues, are potent inhibitors of dengue virus type 2 (DENV-2) and 3 (DENV-3) multiplication in Vero and HepG2 cells, with values of effective concentration 50% from 0.14 to 4.1 microg/ml. This activity was assayed by plaque reduction, virus yield inhibition and antigen expression tests, and was independent of the input multiplicity of infection in the range 0.001-1. The inhibitory action of the lambda-carrageenan, an heparan sulfate (HS)-imitative compound, was exerted by a dual interference with virus adsorption and internalization of nucleocapsid into the cytoplasm. Although virus particles may enter the cell when compound was added after DENV-2 adsorption, as shown by intracellular uptake of radiolabeled DENV-2 particles and quantitative RT-PCR, infectious center and virion uncoating assays have shown that carrageenan-treated virions cannot be released from the endosomes. Viral protein synthesis, the first step of macromolecular synthesis after DENV entry to the host cell, was not affected by the carrageenan. Furthermore, no inhibition of virus multiplication was detected when the entry process was bypassed through DENV-2 RNA transfection into the cell. The dual sites of action of an HS-like molecule suggest that, at least in monkey kidney and human hepatic cells, the HS residues in the cell membrane appear to act as mediators for DENV-2 entry, an interesting alternative target for flavivirus therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura B Talarico
- Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, Piso 4, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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72
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Zúñiga EA, Matsuhiro B, Mejías E. Preparation of a low-molecular weight fraction by free radical depolymerization of the sulfated galactan from Schizymenia binderi (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta) and its anticoagulant activity. Carbohydr Polym 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2006.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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73
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Figueiró SD, Macêdo AAM, Melo MRS, Freitas ALP, Moreira RA, de Oliveira RS, Góes JC, Sombra ASB. On the dielectric behaviour of collagen–algal sulfated polysaccharide blends: Effect of glutaraldehyde crosslinking. Biophys Chem 2006; 120:154-9. [PMID: 16337076 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2005.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2005] [Revised: 11/01/2005] [Accepted: 11/02/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, impedance measurements in the frequency range from 10(-2) to 10(6) Hz are presented for collagen and algal sulfated polysaccharide crosslinked films. We are considering the development of new biomaterials which have potential applications in coating of cardiovascular prostheses, support for cellular growth and in systems for controlled drug delivery. The effect of crosslink sulfated polysaccharide on the physical chemical properties of collagen was studied using FT-infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dielectric spectroscopy. The resulting films crosslinked with glutaraldehyde (GA) in concentrations of 0.001% and 0.05% when analysed by DSC, showed that the GA treatment not only left the thermal stability of the collagen unaffected, but it also decreased the thermal transition energy. Dielectric spectroscopy shows that the effect of the crosslink on the blend film was associated to the decrease and stabilization of the dielectric permittivity at low frequencies and decreased its conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Figueiró
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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74
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Matsuhiro B, Conte AF, Damonte EB, Kolender AA, Matulewicz MC, Mejías EG, Pujol CA, Zúñiga EA. Structural analysis and antiviral activity of a sulfated galactan from the red seaweed Schizymenia binderi (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta). Carbohydr Res 2006; 340:2392-402. [PMID: 16125685 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2005.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2005] [Revised: 08/10/2005] [Accepted: 08/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Aqueous extraction of gametophytic Schizymenia binderi afforded a polysaccharide composed of galactose and sulfate groups in a molar ratio of 1.0:0.89 together with uronic acids (6.8 wt%) and minor amounts of other neutral sugars. Alkali-treatment of the polysaccharide afforded a polysaccharide devoid of 3,6-anhydrogalactose. 13C NMR spectroscopy of the desulfated alkali-treated polysaccharide showed a backbone structure of alternating 3-linked beta-D-galactopyranosyl and 4-linked alpha-galactopyranosyl units that are predominantly of the D-configuration and partly of the L-configuration. Methylation, ethylation and NMR spectroscopic studies of the alkali-treated polysaccharide indicated that the sulfate groups are located mainly at positions O-2 of 3-linked beta-D-galactopyranosyl residue and at position O-3 of 4-linked-alpha-galactopyranosyl residues, the latter is partially glycosylated at position O-2. The sulfated galactan from S. binderi exhibited highly selective antiviral activity against Herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, with selectivity indices (ratio cytotoxicity/antiviral activity) >1000 for all assayed virus strains. This compound was shown to interfere with the initial adsorption of viruses to cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty Matsuhiro
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Casilla 40, Santiago 33, Chile.
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75
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Yuan H, Zhang W, Li X, Lü X, Li N, Gao X, Song J. Preparation and in vitro antioxidant activity of kappa-carrageenan oligosaccharides and their oversulfated, acetylated, and phosphorylated derivatives. Carbohydr Res 2005; 340:685-92. [PMID: 15721341 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2004.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2004] [Accepted: 12/31/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In order to study the relationship between chemical structure and properties of modified carrageenans versus antioxidant activity in vitro, kappa-carrageenan oligosaccharides were prepared through mild hydrochloric acid hydrolysis of the polysaccharide, and these were used as starting materials for the partial synthesis of their oversulfated, acetylated, and phosphorylated derivatives. The structure and substitution pattern of the oligosaccharides and their derivatives were studied using FTIR and (13)C NMR spectroscopy, and their in vitro antioxidant activities were investigated. Certain derivatives of the carrageenan oligosaccharides exhibited higher antioxidant activity than the polysaccharides and oligosaccharides in certain antioxidant systems. The oversulfated and acetylated derivatives, which scavenge superoxide radicals, the phosphorylated and low-DS acetylated derivatives, which scavenge hydroxyl radicals, and the phosphorylated derivatives, which scavenge DPPH radicals, all exhibited significant antioxidant activities in the systems examined. The effect of the molecular weight of the carrageenan on antioxidant activities, however, is not obvious from these studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huamao Yuan
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China
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76
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Martinez MJA, Olmo LMBD, Benito PB. Antiviral Activities of Polysaccharides from Natural Sources. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2005. [PMCID: PMC7172397 DOI: 10.1016/s1572-5995(05)80038-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
The ever increasing resistance of human pathogens to current anti-infective agents is a serious medical problem, leading to the need to develop novel antibiotic prototype molecules. In the case of viruses, the search for antiviral agents involves additional difficulties, particularly due to the nature of the infectious viral agents. Thus, many compounds that may cause the death of viruses are also very likely to injure the host cell that harbours them. Natural products are increasingly appreciated as leads for drug discovery and development. Screening studies have been carried out in order to find antiviral agents from natural sources, and the occurrence of antiviral activity in extracts of plants, marine organisms and fungi is frequent. The evidence indicates that there may be numerous potentially useful antiviral phytochemicals in nature, waiting to be evaluated and exploited. In addition, other plants, not previously utilized medicinally, may also reveal antivirals. Among natural antiviral agents, recent investigations have reconsidered the interest of phyto-polysaccharides, which act as potent inhibitors of different viruses. This chapter will illustrate a variety of antiviral polysaccharides from natural sources since 1990, with the aim of making this matter more accessible to drug development
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77
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Zhang Q, Li N, Liu X, Zhao Z, Li Z, Xu Z. The structure of a sulfated galactan from Porphyra haitanensis and its in vivo antioxidant activity. Carbohydr Res 2004; 339:105-11. [PMID: 14659676 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2003.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The sulfated galactan fraction F1 isolated from the red seaweed, Porphyra haitanensis, showed typical porphyran structure. It has a linear backbone of alternating 3-linked beta-D-galactosyl units and 4-linked alpha-L-galactosyl 6-sulfate and 3,6-anhydro-alpha-L-galactosyl units. The L-residues are mainly composed of alpha-L-galactosyl 6-sulfate units, and the 3,6-anhydrogalactosyl units are minor. Partial methylation occurred at the C-6 position of the D-galactosyl units and at the C-2 position of the 3,6-anhydro-alpha-L-galactosyl units. Intraperitoneal administration of F1 significantly decreased the lipid peroxidation in aging mice. F1 treatment increased the total antioxidant capacity and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in aging mice. The results indicated that F1 had significant in vivo antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanbin Zhang
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China.
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78
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Mazumder S, Ghosal PK, Pujol CA, Carlucci MJ, Damonte EB, Ray B. Isolation, chemical investigation and antiviral activity of polysaccharides from Gracilaria corticata (Gracilariaceae, Rhodophyta). Int J Biol Macromol 2002; 31:87-95. [PMID: 12559431 DOI: 10.1016/s0141-8130(02)00070-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharides were sequentially extracted from the agarophyte Gracilaria corticata. Chemical analysis combined with infrared spectroscopy showed that the cold water extracted material consists mainly of a high molecular weight sulfated galactan. Most of the sulfate groups are alkali labile and are located at C-4 of the 1,3-linked D-galactose units and C-6 of the 1,4-linked L-galactose residues. The autoclaved extracts contain agar type polysaccharide having a high pyruvate content and a variable degree of methylation, but were contaminated with floridean starch. 1H-NMR studies indicate that methoxyl groups, when present, occur at C-6 of the 1,3-linked D-galactose units and C-2 of the 1,4-linked L-galactose residues of agar polymer. Bioassays showed that a high molecular weight galactan sulfate, exhibited selective antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, likely due to an inhibition of the initial virus attachment to the host cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sutapa Mazumder
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, 713 104, WB, Burdwan, India
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79
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Pujol CA, Estevez JM, Carlucci MJ, Ciancia M, Cerezo AS, Damonte EB. Novel DL-galactan hybrids from the red seaweed Gymnogongrus torulosus are potent inhibitors of herpes simplex virus and dengue virus. Antivir Chem Chemother 2002; 13:83-9. [PMID: 12238532 DOI: 10.1177/095632020201300202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel series of DL-galactan hybrids extracted from the red seaweed Gymnogongrus torulosus, was evaluated for its in vitro antiviral properties against herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) and dengue virus 2 (DEN-2). These compounds were very active against both viruses with inhibitory concentration 50% (IC50) values in the range 0.6-16 microg/ml for HSV-2 and 0.19-1.7 microg/ml for DEN-2, respectively, as determined in a virus plaque reduction assay in Vero cells. The DL-galactans lacked of cytotoxic effects, on stationary as well as on actively dividing cells, and anticoagulant properties. Some of the compounds showed a variable level of direct inactivating effect on both virions, with virucidal concentration 50% values exceeding the IC50s obtained by plaque reduction assay. Full inhibitory activity was achieved when the galactans were present during virus adsorption period, suggesting that the mode of action of these compounds is an interference in the binding of the surface envelope glycoprotein with the cell receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Pujol
- Departamento de Quimica Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Argentina
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