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Kim JE, Kim H, An SSA, Maeng EH, Kim MK, Song YJ. In vitro cytotoxicity of SiO2 or ZnO nanoparticles with different sizes and surface charges on U373MG human glioblastoma cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9 Suppl 2:235-41. [PMID: 25565841 PMCID: PMC4279773 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s57936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Silicon dioxide (SiO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles are widely used in various applications, raising issues regarding the possible adverse effects of these metal oxide nanoparticles on human cells. In this study, we determined the cytotoxic effects of differently charged SiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles, with mean sizes of either 100 or 20 nm, on the U373MG human glioblastoma cell line. The overall cytotoxicity of ZnO nanoparticles against U373MG cells was significantly higher than that of SiO2 nanoparticles. Neither the size nor the surface charge of the ZnO nanoparticles affected their cytotoxicity against U373MG cells. The 20 nm SiO2 nanoparticles were more toxic than the 100 nm nanoparticles against U373MG cells, but the surface charge had little or no effect on their cytotoxicity. Both SiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles activated caspase-3 and induced DNA fragmentation in U373MG cells, suggesting the induction of apoptosis. Thus, SiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles appear to exert cytotoxic effects against U373MG cells, possibly via apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Eun Kim
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam-Si, South Korea
| | - Hyejin Kim
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam-Si, South Korea
| | - Seong Soo A An
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam-Si, South Korea
| | - Eun Ho Maeng
- Korea Testing and Research Institute, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Meyoung-Kon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University Medical School and College, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoon-Jae Song
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam-Si, South Korea
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Excellent anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles on human melanoma cell growth both in vitro and in vivo. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2014; 10:1619-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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53
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Altered gene transcription in human cells treated with Ludox® silica nanoparticles. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2014; 11:8867-90. [PMID: 25170680 PMCID: PMC4198995 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph110908867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Silica (SiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) have found extensive applications in industrial manufacturing, biomedical and biotechnological fields. Therefore, the increasing exposure to such ultrafine particles requires studies to characterize their potential cytotoxic effects in order to provide exhaustive information to assess the impact of nanomaterials on human health. The understanding of the biological processes involved in the development and maintenance of a variety of pathologies is improved by genome-wide approaches, and in this context, gene set analysis has emerged as a fundamental tool for the interpretation of the results. In this work we show how the use of a combination of gene-by-gene and gene set analyses can enhance the interpretation of results of in vitro treatment of A549 cells with Ludox® colloidal amorphous silica nanoparticles. By gene-by-gene and gene set analyses, we evidenced a specific cell response in relation to NPs size and elapsed time after treatment, with the smaller NPs (SM30) having higher impact on inflammatory and apoptosis processes than the bigger ones. Apoptotic process appeared to be activated by the up-regulation of the initiator genes TNFa and IL1b and by ATM. Moreover, our analyses evidenced that cell treatment with Ludox® silica nanoparticles activated the matrix metalloproteinase genes MMP1, MMP10 and MMP9. The information derived from this study can be informative about the cytotoxicity of Ludox® and other similar colloidal amorphous silica NPs prepared by solution processes.
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Kim SJ, Kim JM, Shim SH, Chang HI. Shikonin induces cell cycle arrest in human gastric cancer (AGS) by early growth response 1 (Egr1)-mediated p21 gene expression. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 151:1064-1071. [PMID: 24384380 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Lithospermum erythrorhizon, a naphthoquinone compound derived from a shikonin, has long been used as traditional Chinese medicine for treatment of various diseases, including cancer. To evaluate the cytotoxic effects of shikonin on AGS gastric cancer cells via induction of cell cycle arrest. MATERIALS AND METHODS We observed the effects of 12.5-100 ng/mL dosage of shikonin treatment on AGS cancer cell line with the incubation time of 6h. Cytotoxic effects were assessed by measuring the changes in the intracellular ROS, appearance of senescence phenotype, cell cycle progression, CDK and cyclins expression levels upon shikonin treatment. We also examined upon the activation of Egr1-mediated p21 expression, by siRNA transfection, Luciferase assay, and ChIP assay. RESULTS In this study, we found that shikonin inhibits cell proliferation by arresting cell cycle progression at the G2/M phase via modulation of p21 in AGS cells. Also, our results revealed that the p21 gene was transactivated by early growth response1 (Egr1) in response to the shikonin treatment. Transient Egr1 expression enhanced shikonin-induced p21 promoter activity, whereas the suppression of Egr1 expression by small interfering RNA attenuated the ability of shikonin to induce p21 promoter activity. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that the anti-proliferative activity of shikonin was due to its ability to induce cell cycle arrest via Egr1-p21 signaling pathway. Thus, the work stated here validates the traditional use of shikonin in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Joong Kim
- College of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Korea University, 5-1 Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular & Cellular Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd Unit 108, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jee Min Kim
- College of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Korea University, 5-1 Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - So Hee Shim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, 5-1 Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Ihl Chang
- College of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Korea University, 5-1 Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea.
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55
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Lee HH, Hwang WD, Jeong JW, Park C, Han MH, Hong SH, Jeong YK, Choi YH. Induction of Apoptosis and G2/M Cell Cycle Arrest by Cordycepin in Human Prostate Carcinoma LNCap Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.5352/jls.2014.24.1.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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56
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Zhang H, Wu H, Wang C, Xie J, He J, Yang J, Ye J. Acute exposure to thimerosal induces antiproliferative properties, apoptosis, and autophagy activation in human Chang conjunctival cells. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2014; 252:275-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s00417-013-2542-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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Oxidative stress leads to increased mutation frequency in a murine model of myelodysplastic syndrome. Leuk Res 2013; 38:95-102. [PMID: 23958061 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2013.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis, dysplasia, and transformation to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Although it has been suggested that additional mutations lead to progression of MDS to AML, the causative agent(s) for such mutations remains unclear. Oxidative stress is a potential cause, therefore, we evaluated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in NUP98-HOXD13 (NHD13) transgenic mice, a murine model for MDS. Increased levels of ROS were detected in bone marrow nucleated cells (BMNC) that express CD71, a marker for cell proliferation, as well as immature, lineage negative bone marrow nucleated cells from NHD13 mice. In addition to the increase in ROS, increased DNA double strand breaks and activation of a G2/M phase cell cycle checkpoint were noted in NHD13 BMNC. Finally, using an in vivo assay for mutation frequency, we detected an increased mutation frequency in NHD13 BMNC. These results suggest that oxidative stress may contribute to disease progression of MDS to AML through ineffective repair of DNA damage and acquisition of oncogenic mutations.
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Shin DY, Choi SH, Park DI, Choi YH. Induction of G2/M Cell Cycle Arrest by Glutamine Deprivation in Human Prostate Carcinoma PC3 Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.5352/jls.2013.23.6.832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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59
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Lee H, Kim SJ, Jung KH, Son MK, Yan HH, Hong S, Hong SS. A novel imidazopyridine PI3K inhibitor with anticancer activity in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2013; 30:863-9. [PMID: 23708425 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the world, and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 85% of all cases. Since more than 60% of NSCLC cases express the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors are used to treat NSCLC. However, due to the acquired resistance associated with EGFR-targeted therapy, other strategies for the treatment of NSCLC are urgently needed. Therefore, we investigated the anticancer effects of a novel phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase α (PI3Kα) inhibitor, HS-173, in human NSCLC cell lines. HS-173 demonstrated anti-proliferative effects in NSCLC cells and effectively inhibited the PI3K signaling pathway in a dose‑dependent manner. In addition, it induced cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase as well as apoptosis. Taken together, our results demonstrate that HS-173 exhibits anticancer activities, including the induction of apoptosis, by blocking the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in human NSCLC cell lines. We, therefore, suggest that this novel drug could potentially be used for targeted NSCLC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunseung Lee
- Department of Drug Development, College of Medicine, Inha University, Sinheung‑dong, Jung‑gu, Incheon 400-712, Republic of Korea
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60
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TU YUE, CHENG SHIXIANG, ZHANG SAI, SUN HONGTAO, XU ZHONGWEI. Vincristine induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. Int J Mol Med 2012; 31:113-9. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2012.1167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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61
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Lee H, Jung KH, Jeong Y, Hong S, Hong SS. HS-173, a novel phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, has anti-tumor activity through promoting apoptosis and inhibiting angiogenesis. Cancer Lett 2012; 328:152-9. [PMID: 22929971 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Revised: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We synthesized a novel imidazopyridine analogue, a PI3Kα inhibitor HS-173 and investigated anti-cancer capacity in human cancer cells. HS-173 inhibited the PI3K signaling pathway, and showed anti-proliferative effects on cancer cells. Also, HS-173 induced cell cycle arrest at the G(2)/M phase and apoptosis. In addition, HS-173 decreased the expression HIF-1α and VEGF which play an important role in angiogenesis. This effect was confirmed by the suppression of tube formation and migration assay in vitro. Furthermore, HS-173 diminished blood vessel formation in the Matrigel plug assay in mice. Therefore, HS-173 is considered as a novel drug candidate to treat cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunseung Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, 3-ga, Sinheung-dong, Jung-gu, Incheon 400-712, Republic of Korea
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62
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Deslandes S, Lamoral-Theys D, Frongia C, Chassaing S, Bruyère C, Lozach O, Meijer L, Ducommun B, Kiss R, Delfourne E. Synthesis and biological evaluation of analogs of the marine alkaloids granulatimide and isogranulatimide. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 54:626-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Revised: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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63
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Abstract
Entry into S phase is carefully regulated and, in most organisms, under the control of a G(1)-S checkpoint. We have previously described a G(1)-S checkpoint in fission yeast that delays formation of the prereplicative complex at chromosomal replication origins after exposure to UV light (UVC). This checkpoint absolutely depends on the Gcn2 kinase. Here, we explore the signal for activation of the Gcn2-dependent G(1)-S checkpoint in fission yeast. If some form of DNA damage can activate the checkpoint, deficient DNA repair should affect the length of the checkpoint-induced delay. We find that the cell-cycle delay differs in repair-deficient mutants from that in wild-type cells. However, the duration of the delay depends not only on the repair capacity of the cells, but also on the nature of the repair deficiency. First, the delay is abolished in cells that are deficient in the early steps of repair. Second, the delay is prolonged in repair mutants that fail to complete repair after the incision stage. We conclude that the G(1)-S delay depends on damage to the DNA and that the activating signal derives not from the initial DNA damage, but from a repair intermediate(s). Surprisingly, we find that activation of Gcn2 does not depend on the processing of DNA damage and that activated Gcn2 alone is not sufficient to delay entry into S phase in UVC-irradiated cells. Thus, the G(1)-S delay depends on at least two different inputs.
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64
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Shen T, Huang S. The Role of Cdc25A in the Regulation of Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2012; 12:631-9. [DOI: 10.2174/187152012800617678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Revised: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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65
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Cytotoxicity of water-soluble mPEG-SH-coated silver nanoparticles in HL-7702 cells. Cell Biol Toxicol 2012; 28:225-37. [PMID: 22415596 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-012-9218-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are being used widely and increasingly in various products and medical supplies due to their antibacterial activity. However, little is known about the impacts of the AgNPs. Herein, The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic effect of AgNPs in the human liver cell line (HL-7702). The water-soluble α-Methoxy-poly (ethylene glycol)-ω-mercapto (mPEG-SH)-coated AgNPs (40 nm) were synthesized, which showed superior stabilization and uniform dispersion in culture medium. The effect of mPEG-SH-coated silver nanoparticles on cell viability, leakage of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), oxidative stress, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and cell cycle was evaluated after the cells were treated with nanoparticles. The results showed that the coated AgNPs could be taken up by cells, decreased cell viability in dose- and time-dependent manners at dosage levels between 6.25 and 100.00 μg/mL, caused membrane damage (LDH leakage), and decreased the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxides. The level of malondialdehyde, an end product of lipid peroxidation, was also increased in AgNPs-exposed cells. Moreover, flow cytometric analysis showed that AgNP exposure decrease MMP and cause G₂/M phase arrest. Thus, our data suggest that mPEG-SH-coated AgNPs have the potential toxicity that is associated with oxidative stress, apoptosis, and DNA damage.
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66
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Knockdown of ZNF403 inhibits cell proliferation and induces G2/M arrest by modulating cell-cycle mediators. Mol Cell Biochem 2012; 365:211-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-012-1262-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2011] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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67
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Andrulis ED. Theory of the origin, evolution, and nature of life. Life (Basel) 2011; 2:1-105. [PMID: 25382118 PMCID: PMC4187144 DOI: 10.3390/life2010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Revised: 12/10/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Life is an inordinately complex unsolved puzzle. Despite significant theoretical progress, experimental anomalies, paradoxes, and enigmas have revealed paradigmatic limitations. Thus, the advancement of scientific understanding requires new models that resolve fundamental problems. Here, I present a theoretical framework that economically fits evidence accumulated from examinations of life. This theory is based upon a straightforward and non-mathematical core model and proposes unique yet empirically consistent explanations for major phenomena including, but not limited to, quantum gravity, phase transitions of water, why living systems are predominantly CHNOPS (carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur), homochirality of sugars and amino acids, homeoviscous adaptation, triplet code, and DNA mutations. The theoretical framework unifies the macrocosmic and microcosmic realms, validates predicted laws of nature, and solves the puzzle of the origin and evolution of cellular life in the universe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik D Andrulis
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Wood Building, W212, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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68
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Delfourne E. Efficient synthesis of isogranulatimide C, an analogue of the marine G2 checkpoint inhibitor alkaloid isogranulatimide. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.09.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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69
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Abstract
BRCA1 is a well-established tumor suppressor gene, which is frequently mutated in familial breast and ovarian cancers. The gene product of BRCA1 functions in a number of cellular pathways that maintain genomic stability, including DNA damage-induced cell cycle checkpoint activation, DNA damage repair, protein ubiquitination, chromatin remodeling, as well as transcriptional regulation and apoptosis. In this review, we discuss recent advances regarding our understanding of the role of BRCA1 in tumor suppression and DNA damage response, including DNA damage-induced cell cycle checkpoint activation and DNA damage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxue Wu
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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70
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Synthesis of two series of pyrazolic analogues of the marine alkaloids granulatimide and isogranulatimide as potent Checkpoint 1 kinase inhibitors. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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71
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Krohn M, Skjølberg HC, Soltani H, Grallert B, Boye E. The G1-S checkpoint in fission yeast is not a general DNA damage checkpoint. J Cell Sci 2008; 121:4047-54. [PMID: 19033384 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.035428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitory mechanisms called checkpoints regulate progression of the cell cycle in the presence of DNA damage or when a previous cell-cycle event is not finished. In fission yeast exposed to ultraviolet light the G1-S transition is regulated by a novel checkpoint that depends on the Gcn2 kinase. The molecular mechanisms involved in checkpoint induction and maintenance are not known. Here we characterise the checkpoint further by exposing the cells to a variety of DNA-damaging agents. Exposure to methyl methane sulphonate and hydrogen peroxide induce phosphorylation of eIF2alpha, a known Gcn2 target, and an arrest in G1 phase. By contrast, exposure to psoralen plus long-wavelength ultraviolet light, inducing DNA adducts and crosslinks, or to ionizing radiation induce neither eIF2alpha phosphorylation nor a cell-cycle delay. We conclude that the G1-S checkpoint is not a general DNA-damage checkpoint, in contrast to the one operating at the G2-M transition. The tight correlation between eIF2alpha phosphorylation and the presence of a G1-phase delay suggests that eIF2alpha phosphorylation is required for checkpoint induction. The implications for checkpoint signalling are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marit Krohn
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Rikshospitalet Medical Centre, Montebello, 0310 Oslo, Norway
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72
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Conchon E, Anizon F, Aboab B, Golsteyn RM, Léonce S, Pfeiffer B, Prudhomme M. Synthesis, checkpoint kinase 1 inhibitory properties and in vitro antiproliferative activities of new pyrrolocarbazoles. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:4419-30. [PMID: 18321713 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.02.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2007] [Revised: 02/13/2008] [Accepted: 02/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the course of structure-activity relationship studies on granulatimide analogues, new pyrrolo[3,4-c]carbazoles have been synthesized in which the imidazole heterocycle was replaced by a five-membered ring lactam system or a dimethylcyclopentanedione. Moreover, the synthesis of an original structure in which a sugar moiety is attached to the indole nitrogen and to a six-membered D ring via an oxygen is reported. The inhibitory activities of the newly synthesized compounds toward checkpoint kinase 1 and their in vitro antiproliferative activities toward three tumor cell lines: murine leukemia L1210, and human colon carcinoma HT29 and HCT116 are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Conchon
- Laboratoire SEESIB, Université Blaise Pascal, UMR 6504 du CNRS, 63177 Aubière, France
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73
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De Andrea M, Gioia D, Mondini M, Azzimonti B, Renò F, Pecorari G, Landolfo V, Tommasino M, Accardi R, Herold-Mende C, Landolfo S, Gariglio M. Effects of IFI16 overexpression on the growth and doxorubicin sensitivity of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma–derived cell lines. Head Neck 2007; 29:835-44. [PMID: 17510972 DOI: 10.1002/hed.20611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In a previous analysis of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs), we showed that the levels of the interferon-inducible protein IFI16 inversely correlate with cancer grade. In this study, we further evaluate the molecular role of IFI16 in the development of HNSCCs. METHODS The effect of IFI16 expression was evaluated by its retroviral restoration in an IFI16-negative HNSCC-derived cell line, HNO136. Growth rate and soft agar colony formation were evaluated. The effect of IFI16 restoration in cells exposed to doxorubicin was also analyzed. RESULTS IFI16 restoration resulted in the inhibition of both cell growth and in vitro transforming activity and increased doxorubicin-induced cell death by accumulating the cells at the G2/M phase. CONCLUSION In agreement with our previous in vivo data, IFI16 appears to be involved in maintaining the normal growth of epithelial cells, whereas its downregulation may contribute to uncontrolled cell proliferation and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco De Andrea
- Department of Public Health and Microbiology, Medical School of Torino, Via Santena 9, 10126 Torino, Italy
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Synthesis, in vitro antiproliferative activities, and Chk1 inhibitory properties of dipyrrolo[3,4-a:3,4-c]carbazole-triones. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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75
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Zhang X, Succi J, Feng Z, Prithivirajsingh S, Story MD, Legerski RJ. Artemis is a phosphorylation target of ATM and ATR and is involved in the G2/M DNA damage checkpoint response. Mol Cell Biol 2004; 24:9207-20. [PMID: 15456891 PMCID: PMC517881 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.24.20.9207-9220.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in Artemis in both humans and mice result in severe combined immunodeficiency due to a defect in V(D)J recombination. In addition, Artemis mutants are radiosensitive and chromosomally unstable, which has been attributed to a defect in nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ). We show here, however, that Artemis-depleted cell extracts are not defective in NHEJ and that Artemis-deficient cells have normal repair kinetics of double-strand breaks after exposure to ionizing radiation (IR). Artemis is shown, however, to interact with known cell cycle checkpoint proteins and to be a phosphorylation target of the checkpoint kinase ATM or ATR after exposure of cells to IR or UV irradiation, respectively. Consistent with these findings, our results also show that Artemis is required for the maintenance of a normal DNA damage-induced G2/M cell cycle arrest. Artemis does not appear, however, to act either upstream or downstream of checkpoint kinase Chk1 or Chk2. These results define Artemis as having a checkpoint function and suggest that the radiosensitivity and chromosomal instability of Artemis-deficient cells may be due to defects in cell cycle responses after DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshan Zhang
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
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