51
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Raybourn MS, Cork C, Schimmerling W, Tobias CA. An in vitro electrophysiological assessment of the direct cellular toxicity of carbon monoxide. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1978; 46:769-79. [PMID: 746560 DOI: 10.1016/0041-008x(78)90321-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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52
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Hösli L, Hösli E. Action and uptake of neurotransmitters in CNS tissue culture. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 1978; 81:135-88. [PMID: 25483 DOI: 10.1007/bfb0034093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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53
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54
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Membrane properties of a human neuroblastoma. Neurosci Lett 1977; 4:151-9. [DOI: 10.1016/0304-3940(77)90130-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/1976] [Accepted: 12/10/1976] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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55
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Mamoon AM, Schlapfer WT, Gähwiler BH, Tobias CA. Nerve cells in culture: studies on spontaneous bioelectric activity. ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL PHYSICS 1977; 16:1-40. [PMID: 233193 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-005216-5.50006-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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56
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Ko CP, Burton H, Bunge RP. Synaptic transmission between rat spinal cord explants and dissociated superior cervical ganglion neurons in tissue culture. Brain Res 1976; 117:437-60. [PMID: 186156 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(76)90752-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Physiological properties of the synapses formed between explants of spinal cord and dissociated autonomic ganglion neurons in tissue culture were studied using intracellular and extracellular stimulation and recording techniques (as well as iontophoresis) with a culture perfusion system allowing continuous microscopic observation during repeated changes of the bathing medium. The principal neurons of the superior cervical ganglion (SCGN) were dissociated from perinatal rats and the spinal cord explants were obtained from 15-day rat fetuses; these were allowed to mature for 3-10 weeks in co-culture. Recordings from over 1000 SCGN established that: (a) spontaneous small depolarizations and action potentials occurred in 20% of the SCGN studied, (b) the EPSPs observed in SCGN after spinal cord stimulation were sensitive to decreased Ca2+ and increased Mg2+, as well as to D-tubocurare, hexamethonium and mecamylamine, but not to atropine (at 10(-6) M concentration) or to the alpha-adrenergic blocking agents phentolamine or phenoxybenzamine; no potentiation of the EPSPs was seen with neostigmate or eserine, (c) acetylcholine directly applied to the SCGN was seen to mimic the responses seen after spinal cord stimulation; tetrodotoxin blocked both direct and iontophoretically fired action potentials, with only a suprathreshold acetylcholine potential remaining. These synapses were not sensitive to alpha-bungarotoxin. It is concluded that the synapses formed by spinal cord neurites on principal SCGN in tissue culture are nicotinic cholinergic, and that the evoked EPSPs recorded in this study are thus similar to the orthodromic fast EPSPs observed in vivo. No slow synaptic responses were observed and no demonstrable effects were noted that could be attributed to adrenergic transmission.
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57
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Shtark MB, Stratievsky VI, Ratushnjak AS, Voskresenskaja LV, Karasev NP. A comparative statistical study of hippocampal neuronal spontaneous spike activity in situ and in vitro. JOURNAL OF NEUROBIOLOGY 1976; 7:551-66. [PMID: 1003201 DOI: 10.1002/neu.480070608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The statistical characteristics of the spontaneous spike activity of rat hippocampal neurons in fields CA1-2 were compared in situ and in tissue culture. Statistical analyses have shown strong similarities in estimators of basic numerical characteristics of interspike interval (SIS) distributions. These similarities may serve as evidence of maintenance of normal functional properties and an "organotypic arrangement" of neurons in tissue culture, and they are also indicative of an intrahippocampal origin of the spontaneous impulse activity in the hippocampus. On the other hand, some differences are noted in the tests of firing patterns. Interpretation of these results leads to some assumptions about mechanisms of the phenomenon under study.
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58
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Corrigall WA, Crain SM, Bornstein MB. Electrophysiological studies of fetal mouse olifactory bulb explants during development of synaptic functions in culture. JOURNAL OF NEUROBIOLOGY 1976; 7:521-36. [PMID: 1003199 DOI: 10.1002/neu.480070606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Explants of 18- or 19-day fetal mouse olfactory bulb have been maintained in culture for periods up to 5 weeks. Compound action potentials can be evoked in the bulb explants by 1 day in vitro, and by 3-4 days, synaptically mediated slow wave discharges can be domonstrated in bicuculline (10(-5) m). The capability of the bulb explants to generate these slow-wave discharges has also been revealed by the introduction of picrotoxin (10(-5)m, d-tubocurarine (10(-4)m) and chloride-free medium, but not of strychnine (up to 3 X 10(-5)M. The data indicate early functional development of inhibitory, as well as excitatory, synaptic systems. In addition, the selective and reversible depression of these slow wave potentials by GABA (1-5 X 10(-4)M), but not by glycine (up to 3 X 10(-3)M), indicates a GABA-ergic component in the inhibitory network. Single unit extracellular recordings have been obtained from the presumptive mitral cells which, in culture, are spontaneously active even as early as 1-2 days after explantation. Correlative Bodian silver-impregnations demonstrate the presence of neurons in these explants which resemble typical mitral cells. Studies of mitral cells using paired stimuli suggest the development in vitro of an inhibitory system analogous to that known to suppress the excitability of their in situ counterparts following orthodromic or antidromic activation. These data, as well as the pharmacological sensitivities of the mitral cells in culture to GABA (5 X 10(-4)M) and bicuculline (10(-5)M), indicate that granule-to-mitral synapses may develop characteristic functions in olfactory bulb explants.
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59
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Giesing M, Zilliken F. Analysis of lipid components in organotypic cultures of cerebellum during development. Brain Res 1976; 111:212-9. [PMID: 953702 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(76)91065-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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60
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Gähwiler BH. Spontaneous bioelectric activity of cultured Purkinje cells during exposure to glutamate, glycine, and strychnine. JOURNAL OF NEUROBIOLOGY 1976; 7:97-107. [PMID: 944238 DOI: 10.1002/neu.480070203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The addition of glutamate to the bathing medium increased the average firing rate of cerebellar rat Purkinje cells in vitro. At concentrations lower than 10(-6) M, there was no deviation from controls in the firing pattern or rate that was detectable. At 10(-3) M glutamate, the amplitude of the action potentials was gradually decreased until all activity was abolished. The action of glutamate was rapid in onset and reversible. Glycine produced sustained depression of firing at concentrations higher than 10(-3) M. This inhibition was strychnine-insensitive and considered nonspecific. Strychnine, on the other hand, exerted an excitatory influence on Purkinje cells when applied at low concentrations (10(-8) TO 10(-6) M). The firing became more irregular and complex discharges appeared. Higher concentrations of strychnine (greater than 10(-5) M) inhibited the spontaneous activity. The effect of strychnine was partly reversible. The data suggest that low concentrations of strychnine lower the threshold for inputs at excitatory as well as inhibitory synapses.
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61
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Chubakov AR, Nikonov AA, Gromova EA. Tissue culture study of unit activity of the rat cerebral cortex. NEUROPHYSIOLOGY+ 1976. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01062785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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62
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Veldsema-Currie RD, Veldsema A. Accumulation in vitro of (methyl-14C) choline and the synthesis of radioactive acetycholine in the nervous system of the prawn Palaemonetes varians (Leach). COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. C: COMPARATIVE PHARMACOLOGY 1976; 54:55-61. [PMID: 6208 DOI: 10.1016/0306-4492(76)90025-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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63
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64
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Shahar A, Grunfeld Y, Spiegelstein MY, Monzain R. Myelinization in long-term cultures of dissociated mammalian neurons. Brain Res 1975; 88:44-51. [PMID: 1091326 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(75)90945-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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65
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66
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67
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Hoffer B, Seiger A, Ljungberg T, Olson L. Electrophysiological and cytological studies of brain homografts in the anterior chamber of the eye: maturation of cerebellar cortex in oculo. Brain Res 1974; 79:165-84. [PMID: 4424939 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(74)90409-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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68
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Pfenninger KH, Bunge RP. Freeze-fracturing of nerve growth cones and young fibers. A study of developing plasma membrane. J Cell Biol 1974; 63:180-96. [PMID: 4609396 PMCID: PMC2109342 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.63.1.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural and non-neural cellular processes have been studied in organotypic cultures of spinal cord and olfactory bulb by means of the freeze-fracturing technique. Identification of specific cellular elements in replicas has been achieved by comparison with thin-sectioned material in which differences in shape and contents are evident. Freeze-fracturing reveals that neural growth cones may be distinguished from glial pseudopodia by the low number of intramembranous particles within their plasma membrane; the counts of particles within the growth cone membrane average 85/microm(2) (for the inner leaflet) as opposed to hundreds per square micrometer in glial pseudopodia. Whereas the intramembranous particle number in glial pseudopodia is only slightly lower than in their perikaryal plasmalemma, the number of particles in outgrowing axons increases about eightfold from the periphery towards the perikaryon. Furthermore, with prolonged time of growth in culture, the particle density in the young nerve fibers increases by about the same factor. The same phenomenon, i.e. a low intramembranous particle level at earlier stages and an increase in numbers as the nerve fiber matures, is observed in fetal nerve tissue in vivo. These findings suggest that the plasmalemma of the outgrowing nerve, and especially of the growth cone, is immature and that maturation is accompanied by the insertion of intramembranous particles. Furthermore, these data indicate that the chemistry of the growth cone membrane is distinct from that of the neuron soma which may be significant for the mechanisms of guidance and recognition in the growing nerve tip.
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69
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Geller HM, Woodward DJ. Responses of cultured cerebellar neurons to iontophoretically applied amino acids. Brain Res 1974; 74:67-80. [PMID: 4858824 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(74)90112-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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70
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Calvet MC. Patterns of spontaneous electrical activity in tissue cultures of mammalian cerebral cortex vs. cerebellum. Brain Res 1974; 69:281-95. [PMID: 4595850 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(74)90007-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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71
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Crain SM, Bornstein MB. Early onset in inhibitory functions during synaptogenesis in fetal mouse brain cultures. Brain Res 1974; 68:351-7. [PMID: 4363760 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(74)90404-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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72
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73
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Chalazonitis A, Greene LA, Nirenberg M. Electrophysiological chracteristics of chick embryo sympathetic neurons in dissociated cell culture. Brain Res 1974; 68:235-52. [PMID: 4826897 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(74)90393-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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74
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Fischbach GD, Dichter MA. Electrophysiologic and morphologic properties of neurons in dissociated chick spinal cord cell cultures. Dev Biol 1974; 37:100-16. [PMID: 4823495 DOI: 10.1016/0012-1606(74)90172-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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75
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Bunge RP, Rees R, Wood P, Burton H, Ko CP. Anatomical and physiological observations on synapses formed on isolated autonomic neurons in tissue culture. Brain Res 1974. [DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(74)90056-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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76
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Tissue Culture Models of Developing Brain Functions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1974. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-609302-5.50009-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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77
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Kiernan JA. Effects of insulin, triiodothyronine and corticosterone on organ cultures of the adult rat cerebellum. Acta Neuropathol 1974; 30:25-31. [PMID: 4446958 DOI: 10.1007/bf00685319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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78
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Cho YD, Martin RO, Tunnicliff G. Uptake of (3H)glycine and (14C)glutamate by cultures of chick spinal cord. J Physiol 1973; 235:437-46. [PMID: 4797124 PMCID: PMC1350754 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.1973.sp010395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
1. Spinal cord explants from chick embryos, grown in culture for up to 16 days, rapidly accumulated [(3)H]glycine and [(14)C]glutamate when incubated at 25 degrees C in a medium containing either 2 x 10(-10)M glycine or 4.8 x 10(-8)M glutamate.2. After 90 min incubation, a tissue/medium ratio of 60:1 and 20:1 was attained for [(14)C]glutamate and [(3)H]glycine respectively.3. The uptake systems, in addition to requiring sodium ions in the medium, were temperature sensitive, showed saturation kinetics, and were inhibited by ouabain.4. For the glutamate and glycine accumulation the K(m) value was 4.3 x 10(-5) and 4.1 x 10(-5)M respectively, indicating that a high affinity uptake process is involved.5. The rate of accumulation of both glutamate and glycine increased in cultures between the ages of 3 and 10 days thus matching their morphological development.6. In light of previous evidence, the demonstration of an active transport mechanism for both glutamate and glycine in spinal-cord-cultures that also shows a relationship with morphological maturity, suggests that these two amino acids may play a major role in spinal cord function.
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79
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Zipser B, Crain SM, Bornstein MB. Directly evoked paroxysmal' depolarizations of mouse hippocampal neurons in synaptically organized explants in long-term culture. Brain Res 1973; 60:489-95. [PMID: 4763623 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(73)90809-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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80
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Leiman AL, Seil FJ. Spontaneous and evoked bioelectric activity in organized cerebellar tissue cultures. Exp Neurol 1973; 40:748-58. [PMID: 4353257 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4886(73)90109-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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81
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Bunge RP, Wood P. Studies on the transplantation of spinal cord tissue in the rat. I. The development of a culture system for hemisections of embryonic spinal cord. Brain Res 1973; 57:261-76. [PMID: 4722055 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(73)90135-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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82
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Provine RR, Aloe L, Seshan KR. Spontaneous bioelectric activity in long term cultures of the embryonic insect central nervous system. Brain Res 1973; 56:364-70. [PMID: 4351836 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(73)90354-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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83
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Bird MM, James DW. The development of synapses in vitro between previously dissociated chick spinal cord neurons. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ZELLFORSCHUNG UND MIKROSKOPISCHE ANATOMIE (VIENNA, AUSTRIA : 1948) 1973; 140:203-16. [PMID: 4353960 DOI: 10.1007/bf00306695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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84
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Benes F, Higgins JA, Barrnett RJ. Ultrastructural localization of phospholipid synthesis in the rat trigeminal nerve during myelination. J Cell Biol 1973; 57:613-29. [PMID: 4349220 PMCID: PMC2108996 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.57.3.613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A method for the ultrastructural localization of acyltransferase enzymes involved in phospholipid metabolism has been applied to the developing rat trigeminal nerve. Determination of acyltransferase levels in the nerve indicated that a peak of activity occurs at the 8th day after birth with gradual declines of activity up to 15 days. Morphological surveys and determinations of cholesterol levels suggested that heavy myelin formation occurs in the nerve during this latter period. Fixed nerves incubated in a medium for localization of acyltransferases indicated deposition of reaction product associated with Golgi cisternae, intracellular smooth vesicles, and the plasma membrane of the Schwann cell in the incipient stages of myelin formation. Golgi-derived vesicles appeared to move toward the Schwann cell surface and fuse with the plasma membrane. Activity continued to be detectable in the plasma membrane of the internal mesaxon as long as cytoplasm was evident and mature myelin membrane was not yet formed. Cells in which myelin formation appeared advanced showed little or no enzyme marker. Consistent with cytochemical observations were biochemical determinations of acyltransferases which showed high levels of the enzymes in microsomes, while no activity could be detected in the myelin fraction. Acyltransferase reaction product was also observed in the Golgi apparatus of ganglion cell bodies, axoplasmic smooth vesicles, and the axolemma. Localization of acyltransferase enzymes in Schwann cells, ganglion cell bodies, and axons during development of the nerve is discussed in relation to membrane biogenesis in the nervous system.
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85
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Ciani F, Contestabile A, Minelli G, Quaglia A. Ultrastructural localization of alkaline phosphatase in cultures of nervous tissue in vitro. JOURNAL OF NEUROCYTOLOGY 1973; 2:105-16. [PMID: 4775763 DOI: 10.1007/bf01474713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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86
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Tunnicliff G, Cho YD, Blackwell N, Martin RO, Wood JD. The uptake of gamma-aminobutyrate by organotypic cultures of chick spinal cord. Biochem J 1973; 134:27-32. [PMID: 4737378 PMCID: PMC1177784 DOI: 10.1042/bj1340027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
1. Explants of spinal cord from 10-day chick embryos maintained for up to 16 days in culture rapidly accumulated gamma-amino[(3)H]butyrate when incubated at 25 degrees C or 36 degrees C in a medium containing 50nm-gamma-aminobutyrate. The mechanism of the uptake process has many of the properties of an active-transport system: it is Na(+)-dependent, temperature-sensitive, inhibited by ouabain, and displays saturation kinetics. The apparent K(m) for gamma-aminobutyrate is 1.7x10(-5)m, and V(max.) is 33pmol/min per g. 2. The rate of accumulation of gamma-amino[(3)H]butyrate in cultures between the ages of 3 and 16 days was remarkably constant and was not related to the morphological maturity of the spinal-cord explants. 3. The present demonstration in spinal-cord explants of an active transport system for gamma-aminobutyrate, already established for non-cultured nervous tissue, means that nervous-tissue culture can provide a convenient model for studying uptake processes in the central nervous system.
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87
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Shimada Y, Fischman DA. Morphological and physiological evidence for the development of functional neuromuscular junctions in vitro. Dev Biol 1973; 31:200-25. [PMID: 4362564 DOI: 10.1016/0012-1606(73)90332-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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88
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Tunnicliff G, Kim SU. Synaptogenesis and the development of neurotransmitter enzymes in organotypic cultures of chick spinal cord. Brain Res 1973; 49:410-6. [PMID: 4352730 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(73)90432-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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89
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Neuronal Organization and Ontogeny in the Lobster Swimmeret System. ADVANCES IN BEHAVIORAL BIOLOGY 1973. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4613-4547-3_38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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90
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Peacock JH, Nelson PG, Goldstone MW. Electrophysiologic study of cultured neurons dissociated from spinal cords and dorsal root ganglia of fetal mice. Dev Biol 1973; 30:137-52. [PMID: 4735361 DOI: 10.1016/0012-1606(73)90053-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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91
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Lehrer GM. The tissue culture as a model for the biochemistry of brain development. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 1973; 40:219-30. [PMID: 4803047 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6123(08)60689-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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92
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Crain SM, Pollack ED. Restorative effects of cyclic AMP on complex bioelectric activities of cultured fetal rodent CNS tissues after acute CA++ deprivation. JOURNAL OF NEUROBIOLOGY 1973; 4:321-42. [PMID: 4353406 DOI: 10.1002/neu.480040403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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93
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Schlapfer WT, Mamoon AM, Tobias CA. Spontaneous bioelectric activity of neurons in cerebellar cultures: evidence for synaptic interactions. Brain Res 1972; 45:345-63. [PMID: 4343917 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(72)90467-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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94
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Maker HS, Lehrer GM, Weissbarth S, Bornstein MB. Changes in LDH isoenzymes of brain developing in situ and in vitro. Brain Res 1972; 44:189-96. [PMID: 5056976 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(72)90374-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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95
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Kim SU. Light and electron microscope study of neurons and synapses in neonatal mouse olfactory bulb cultured in vitro. Exp Neurol 1972; 36:336-49. [PMID: 4115416 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4886(72)90028-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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96
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Provine RR. Ontogeny of bioelectric activity in the spinal cord of the chick embryo and its behavioral implications. Brain Res 1972; 41:365-78. [PMID: 4338887 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(72)90508-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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97
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Kim SU. Choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase in spinal motor neurons cultured in vitro. EXPERIENTIA 1972; 28:537-8. [PMID: 4339273 DOI: 10.1007/bf01931864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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98
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Crain SM, Bornstein MB. Organotypic bioelectric activity in cultured reaggregates of dissociated rodent brain cells. Science 1972; 176:182-4. [PMID: 5014441 DOI: 10.1126/science.176.4031.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Complex repetitive-spike or slow-wave discharges can be evoked, and can also occur spontaneously, in small clusters of neurons which reaggregate in vitro after dissociation of cerebral cortex, brainstem, or spinal cord from the fetal mouse. Even after random dispersion in culture, these cells still form functional synaptic networks with bioelectric discharge patterns and pharmacologic sensitivities characteristic of the organ (that is, organotypic).
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Kim SU, Wenger EL. De novo formation of synapses in cultures of chick neural tube. NATURE: NEW BIOLOGY 1972; 236:152-3. [PMID: 4502821 DOI: 10.1038/newbio236152a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Bornshein MB, Model PG. Development of synapses and myelin in cultures of dissociated embryonic mouse spinal cord, medulla and cerebrum. Brain Res 1972; 37:287-93. [PMID: 5061116 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(72)90673-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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