51
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Evolución de la Medicina Nuclear en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de pacientes con cáncer de próstata. Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol 2018; 37:71-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.remn.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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52
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García Velloso M, Rodríguez Fraile M. Evolution of nuclear medicine in the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer. Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.remnie.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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53
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Malik D, Sood A, Mittal BR, Singh H, Basher RK, Shukla J, Bhattacharya A, Singh SK. Nonspecific Uptake of 68Ga-Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen in Diseases other than Prostate Malignancy on Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Imaging: A Pictorial Assay and Review of Literature. Indian J Nucl Med 2018; 33:317-325. [PMID: 30386054 PMCID: PMC6194764 DOI: 10.4103/ijnm.ijnm_81_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
68Ga-labeled prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) ligand positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging (PET/CT) is a rapidly evolving imaging modality for prostate cancer. Many studies have proved its superiority in staging, restaging, and detecting the recurrent prostate cancer. However, case reports describing the incidental tracer uptake in benign and nonprostatic malignancies are also reported in the literature, thus questioning the specificity of the tracer. This pictorial assay illustrates the nonspecific tracer uptake encountered during PSMA PET/CT imaging, knowledge of which can increase the confidence of interpreting physicians and may also open a new path for peptide receptor radionuclide therapy in nonprostatic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmender Malik
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Apurva Sood
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Bhagwant Rai Mittal
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Harmandeep Singh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rajender Kumar Basher
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jaya Shukla
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anish Bhattacharya
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Shrawan Kumar Singh
- Department of Urology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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54
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Yeku O, Li X, Brentjens RJ. Adoptive T-Cell Therapy for Solid Tumors. AMERICAN SOCIETY OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY EDUCATIONAL BOOK. AMERICAN SOCIETY OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY. ANNUAL MEETING 2017. [PMID: 28561728 DOI: 10.14694/edbk_180328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is an innovative form of immunotherapy wherein autologous T cells are genetically modified to express chimeric receptors encoding an antigen-specific single-chain variable fragment and various costimulatory molecules. Upon administration, these modified T cells traffic to, and recognize, cancer cells in an HLA-independent manner. CAR T-cell therapy has shown remarkable success in the treatment of CD-19-expressing B-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia. However, clinical gains to the same magnitude have not been reported in solid tumors. Several known obstacles to CAR T-cell therapy for solid tumors include target antigen identification, effective trafficking to the tumor, robust activation, proliferation, and in vivo cytotoxicity. Beyond these T-cell intrinsic properties, a complex and dynamic immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in solid tumors hinders T-cell efficacy. Notable advancements in CAR design to include multiple costimulatory molecules, ligands, and soluble cytokines have shown promise in preclinical models, and some of these are currently in early-phase clinical trials. In this review, we discuss selected solid tumor malignancies and relevant preclinical data and highlight clinical trial results that are available. Furthermore, we outline some obstacles to CAR T-cell therapy for each tumor and propose strategies to overcome some of these limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oladapo Yeku
- From the Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY; Center for Cell Engineering, and Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Xinghuo Li
- From the Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY; Center for Cell Engineering, and Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Renier J Brentjens
- From the Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY; Center for Cell Engineering, and Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
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55
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Netto GJ, Eich ML, Varambally S. Prostate Cancer: An Update on Molecular Pathology with Clinical Implications. EUR UROL SUPPL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eursup.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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56
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Yeku O, Li X, Brentjens RJ. Adoptive T-Cell Therapy for Solid Tumors. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2017; 37:193-204. [PMID: 28561728 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_180328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is an innovative form of immunotherapy wherein autologous T cells are genetically modified to express chimeric receptors encoding an antigen-specific single-chain variable fragment and various costimulatory molecules. Upon administration, these modified T cells traffic to, and recognize, cancer cells in an HLA-independent manner. CAR T-cell therapy has shown remarkable success in the treatment of CD-19-expressing B-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia. However, clinical gains to the same magnitude have not been reported in solid tumors. Several known obstacles to CAR T-cell therapy for solid tumors include target antigen identification, effective trafficking to the tumor, robust activation, proliferation, and in vivo cytotoxicity. Beyond these T-cell intrinsic properties, a complex and dynamic immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in solid tumors hinders T-cell efficacy. Notable advancements in CAR design to include multiple costimulatory molecules, ligands, and soluble cytokines have shown promise in preclinical models, and some of these are currently in early-phase clinical trials. In this review, we discuss selected solid tumor malignancies and relevant preclinical data and highlight clinical trial results that are available. Furthermore, we outline some obstacles to CAR T-cell therapy for each tumor and propose strategies to overcome some of these limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oladapo Yeku
- From the Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY; Center for Cell Engineering, and Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Xinghuo Li
- From the Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY; Center for Cell Engineering, and Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Renier J Brentjens
- From the Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY; Center for Cell Engineering, and Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
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57
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New aspects of molecular imaging in prostate cancer. Methods 2017; 130:36-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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58
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Chen G, Zhou G, Aras S, He Z, Lucas S, Podgorski I, Skar W, Granneman JG, Wang J. Loss of ABHD5 promotes the aggressiveness of prostate cancer cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13021. [PMID: 29026202 PMCID: PMC5638841 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13398-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of neutral lipids in intracellular lipid droplets has been associated with the formation and progression of many cancers, including prostate cancer (PCa). Alpha-beta Hydrolase Domain Containing 5 (ABHD5) is a key regulator of intracellular neutral lipids that has been recently identified as a tumor suppressor in colorectal cancer, yet its potential role in PCa has not been investigated. Through mining publicly accessible PCa gene expression datasets, we found that ABHD5 gene expression is markedly decreased in metastatic castration-resistant PCa (mCRPC) samples. We further demonstrated that RNAi-mediated ABHD5 silencing promotes, whereas ectopic ABHD5 overexpression inhibits, the invasion and proliferation of PCa cells. Mechanistically, we found that ABHD5 knockdown induces epithelial to mesenchymal transition, increasing aerobic glycolysis by upregulating the glycolytic enzymes hexokinase 2 and phosphofrucokinase, while decreasing mitochondrial respiration by downregulating respiratory chain complexes I and III. Interestingly, knockdown of ATGL, the best-known molecular target of ABHD5, impeded the proliferation and invasion, suggesting an ATGL-independent role of ABHD5 in modulating PCa aggressiveness. Collectively, these results provide evidence that ABHD5 acts as a metabolic tumor suppressor in PCa that prevents EMT and the Warburg effect, and indicates that ABHD5 is a potential therapeutic target against mCRPC, the deadly aggressive PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Chen
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Guoli Zhou
- Biomedical Research Informatics Core, Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Siddhesh Aras
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Zhenhui He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Foshan University Medical College, Foshan, Guangdong, 528000, China
| | - Stephanie Lucas
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Izabela Podgorski
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Wael Skar
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - James G Granneman
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
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59
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Bramhecha YM, Guérard KP, Rouzbeh S, Scarlata E, Brimo F, Chevalier S, Hamel L, Dragomir A, Aprikian AG, Lapointe J. Genomic Gain of 16p13.3 in Prostate Cancer Predicts Poor Clinical Outcome after Surgical Intervention. Mol Cancer Res 2017; 16:115-123. [PMID: 28993510 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-17-0270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Identifying tumors with high metastatic potential is key to improving the clinical management of prostate cancer. Recently, we characterized a chromosome 16p13.3 gain frequently observed in prostate cancer metastases and now demonstrate the prognostic value of this genomic alteration in surgically treated prostate cancer. Dual-color FISH was used to detect 16p13.3 gain on a human tissue microarray representing 304 primary radical prostatectomy (RP) cases with clinical follow-up data. The results were validated in an external dataset. The 16p13.3 gain was detected in 42% (113/267) of the specimens scorable by FISH and was significantly associated with clinicopathologic features of aggressive prostate cancer, including high preoperative PSA (P = 0.03) levels, high Gleason score (GS, P < 0.0001), advanced pathologic tumor stage (P < 0.0001), and positive surgical margins (P = 0.009). The 16p13.3 gain predicted biochemical recurrence (BCR) in the overall cohort (log-rank P = 0.0005), and in subsets of patients with PSA ≤10 or GS ≤7 (log-rank P = 0.02 and P = 0.006, respectively). Moreover, combining the 16p13.3 gain status with standard prognostic markers improved BCR risk stratification and identified a subgroup of patients with high probability of recurrence. The 16p13.3 gain status was also associated with an increased risk of developing distant metastases (log-rank P = 0.03) further substantiating its role in prostate cancer progression.Implications: This study demonstrates the prognostic significance of the 16p13.3 genomic gain in primary prostate tumors, suggesting potential utility in the clinical management of the disease by identifying patients at high risk of recurrence who may benefit from adjuvant therapies. Mol Cancer Res; 16(1); 115-23. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh M Bramhecha
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, McGill University and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Karl-Philippe Guérard
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, McGill University and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Shaghayegh Rouzbeh
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, McGill University and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Eleonora Scarlata
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, McGill University and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Fadi Brimo
- Department of Pathology, McGill University and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Simone Chevalier
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, McGill University and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Lucie Hamel
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, McGill University and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Alice Dragomir
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, McGill University and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Armen G Aprikian
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, McGill University and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jacques Lapointe
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, McGill University and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada. .,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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60
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Melis MHM, Nevedomskaya E, van Burgsteden J, Cioni B, van Zeeburg HJT, Song JY, Zevenhoven J, Hawinkels LJAC, de Visser KE, Bergman AM. The adaptive immune system promotes initiation of prostate carcinogenesis in a human c-Myc transgenic mouse model. Oncotarget 2017; 8:93867-93877. [PMID: 29212195 PMCID: PMC5706841 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence from epidemiological and pathological studies suggests a role of the immune system in the initiation and progression of multiple cancers, including prostate cancer. Reports on the contribution of the adaptive immune system are contradictive, since both suppression and acceleration of disease development have been reported. This study addresses the functional role of lymphocytes in prostate cancer development using a genetically engineered mouse model (GEMM) of human c-Myc driven prostate cancer (Hi-Myc mice) combined with B and T cell deficiency (RAG1-/- mice). From a pre-cancerous stage on, Hi-Myc mice showed higher accumulation of immune cells in their prostates then wild-type mice, of which macrophages were the most abundant. The onset of invasive adenocarcinoma was delayed in Hi-MycRAG1-/- compared to Hi-Myc mice and associated with decreased infiltration of leukocytes into the prostate. In addition, lower levels of the cytokines CXCL2, CCL5 and TGF-β1 were detected in Hi-MycRAG1-/- compared to Hi-Myc mouse prostates. These results from a GEMM of prostate cancer provide new insights into the promoting role of the adaptive immune system in prostate cancer development. Our findings indicate that the endogenous adaptive immune system does not protect against de novo prostate carcinogenesis in Hi-Myc transgenic mice, but rather accelerates the formation of invasive adenocarcinomas. This may have implications for the development of novel treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique H M Melis
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Netherlands Cancer Institute, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Bianca Cioni
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Netherlands Cancer Institute, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ji-Ying Song
- Division of Experimental Animal Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, The Netherlands
| | - John Zevenhoven
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Netherlands Cancer Institute, The Netherlands
| | - Lukas J A C Hawinkels
- Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology and Molecular Cell biology, Leiden university medical center, (LUMC), Netherlands
| | - Karin E de Visser
- Division of Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, The Netherlands
| | - Andries M Bergman
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Netherlands Cancer Institute, The Netherlands.,Division of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, The Netherlands
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61
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Sedarsky J, Degon M, Srivastava S, Dobi A. Ethnicity and ERG frequency in prostate cancer. Nat Rev Urol 2017; 15:125-131. [PMID: 28872154 DOI: 10.1038/nrurol.2017.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Emerging observations emphasize a distinct biology of prostate cancer among men of different ethnicities and races, as demonstrated by remarkable differences in the frequency of ERG oncogenic activation, one of the most common and widely studied prostate cancer driver genes. Worldwide assessment of ERG alterations frequencies show consistent trends, with men of European ancestry having the highest rates of alteration and men of African or Asian ancestries having considerably lower alteration rates. However, data must be interpreted cautiously, owing to variations in assay platforms and specimen types, as well as ethnic and geographical classifications. Many opportunities and challenges remain in assessing cancer-associated molecular alterations at a global level, and these need to be addressed in order to realize the true potential of precision medicine for all cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Sedarsky
- Urology Service, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20889, USA
| | - Michael Degon
- Urology Service, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20889, USA
| | - Shiv Srivastava
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, USA
| | - Albert Dobi
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, USA
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62
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Eiber M, Fendler WP, Rowe SP, Calais J, Hofman MS, Maurer T, Schwarzenboeck SM, Kratowchil C, Herrmann K, Giesel FL. Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Ligands for Imaging and Therapy. J Nucl Med 2017; 58:67S-76S. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.116.186767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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63
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Kamel HFM, Al-Amodi HSAB. Exploitation of Gene Expression and Cancer Biomarkers in Paving the Path to Era of Personalized Medicine. GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2017; 15:220-235. [PMID: 28813639 PMCID: PMC5582794 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer therapy agents have been used extensively as cytotoxic drugs against tissue or organ of a specific type of cancer. With the better understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying carcinogenesis and cellular events during cancer progression and metastasis, it is now possible to use targeted therapy for these molecular events. Targeted therapy is able to identify cancer patients with dissimilar genetic defects at cellular level for the same cancer type and consequently requires individualized approach for treatment. Cancer therapy begins to shift steadily from the traditional approach of “one regimen for all patients” to a more individualized approach, through which each patient will be treated specifically according to their specific genetic defects. Personalized medicine accordingly requires identification of indicators or markers that guide in the decision making of such therapy to the chosen patients for more effective therapy. Cancer biomarkers are frequently used in clinical practice for diagnosis and prognosis, as well as identification of responsive patients and prediction of treatment response of cancer patient. The rapid breakthrough and development of microarray and sequencing technologies is probably the main tool for paving the way toward “individualized biomarker-driven cancer therapy” or “personalized medicine”. In this review, we aim to provide an updated knowledge and overview of the current landscape of cancer biomarkers and their role in personalized medicine, emphasizing the impact of genomics on the implementation of new potential targeted therapies and development of novel cancer biomarkers in improving the outcome of cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala Fawzy Mohamed Kamel
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm AL-Qura University, Makhha 21955, Saudi Arabia; Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt.
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Fang C, Guo ZQ, Chen XY, Liu TZ, Zeng XT, Wang XH. Relationship between SRD5A2 rs9282858 polymorphism and the susceptibility of prostate cancer: A meta-analysis based on 20 publications. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e6791. [PMID: 28489754 PMCID: PMC5428588 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000006791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenetic mechanism of prostate cancer (PCa) has not been understood completely, and gene polymorphisms have been demonstrated to play a critical role in the course. It has been reported that rs9282858 polymorphism of steroid 5-α-reductase type 2 (SRD5A2) may affect the susceptibility of PCa, but some researches showed different results. We therefore carried out a meta-analysis to clarify this relationship.Relevant studies were identified through PubMed and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure databases concerning the association between SRD5A2 rs9282858 polymorphism and PCa. Odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated to assess the strength of the association. Additionally, stratified analyses were performed based on ethnicity and source of control. Besides, heterogeneity test, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias evaluation were conducted in current meta-analysis as well.Ultimately, 20 publications incorporating 30 case-control studies were included in this meta-analysis, involving a total of 7300 cases and 7952 controls. The overall results demonstrated that SRD5A2 rs9282858 polymorphism was remarkably associated with increased susceptibility of PCa (TT vs. AA: OR = 4.08, 95% CI = 1.94-8.58; TT + AT vs. AA: OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.11-1.47; TT vs. AA + AT: OR = 4.44, 95% CI = 2.12-9.27; allele T vs. allele A: OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.17-1.54). After subgroup analyses by ethnicity and source of control, we also observed a similar trend in Latinos, other-ethnicity, population-based, and hospital-based groups under corresponding genetic models.Our findings indicate that SRD5A2 rs9282858 polymorphism may be a susceptible factor to PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Fang
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine
| | - Zhong-Qiang Guo
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Chen
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tong-Zu Liu
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xian-Tao Zeng
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine
| | - Xing-Huan Wang
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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65
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Singh A, Kulkarni HR, Baum RP. Imaging of Prostate Cancer Using 64 Cu-Labeled Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Ligand. PET Clin 2017; 12:193-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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66
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Le B, Powers GL, Tam YT, Schumacher N, Malinowski RL, Steinke L, Kwon G, Marker PC. Multi-drug loaded micelles delivering chemotherapy and targeted therapies directed against HSP90 and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in prostate cancer. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174658. [PMID: 28350865 PMCID: PMC5370140 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advanced prostate cancers that are resistant to all current therapies create a need for new therapeutic strategies. One recent innovative approach to cancer therapy is the simultaneous use of multiple FDA-approved drugs to target multiple pathways. A challenge for this approach is caused by the different solubility requirements of each individual drug, resulting in the need for a drug vehicle that is non-toxic and capable of carrying multiple water-insoluble antitumor drugs. Micelles have recently been shown to be new candidate drug solubilizers for anti cancer therapy. METHODS This study set out to examine the potential use of multi-drug loaded micelles for prostate cancer treatment in preclinical models including cell line and mouse models for prostate cancers with Pten deletions. Specifically antimitotic agent docetaxel, mTOR inhibitor rapamycin, and HSP90 inhibitor 17-N-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin were incorporated into the micelle system (DR17) and tested for antitumor efficacy. RESULTS In vitro growth inhibition of prostate cancer cells was greater when all three drugs were used in combination compared to each individual drug, and packaging the drugs into micelles enhanced the cytotoxic effects. At the molecular level DR17 targeted simultaneously several molecular signaling axes important in prostate cancer including androgen receptor, mTOR, and PI3K/AKT. In a mouse genetic model of prostate cancer, DR17 treatment decreased prostate weight, which was achieved by both increasing caspase-dependent cell death and decreasing cell proliferation. Similar effects were also observed when DR17 was administered to nude mice bearing prostate cancer cells xenografts. CONCLUSION These results suggest that combining these three cancer drugs in multi-drug loaded micelles may be a promising strategy for prostate cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Le
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Ginny L. Powers
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Yu Tong Tam
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Nicholas Schumacher
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Rita L. Malinowski
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Laura Steinke
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Glen Kwon
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Paul C. Marker
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
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Udovicich C, Perera M, Hofman MS, Siva S, Del Rio A, Murphy DG, Lawrentschuk N. 68Ga-prostate-specific membrane antigen-positron emission tomography/computed tomography in advanced prostate cancer: Current state and future trends. Prostate Int 2017; 5:125-129. [PMID: 29188197 PMCID: PMC5693469 DOI: 10.1016/j.prnil.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The early and accurate detection of prostate cancer is important to ensure timely management and appropriate individualized treatment. Currently, conventional imaging has limitations particularly in the early detection of metastases and at prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels < 2.0 ng/mL. Furthermore, disease management such as salvage radiotherapy is best at low PSA levels. Thus, it is critical to capture the disease in the oligometastatic stage as disease progression and commencement of systemic therapies can be delayed by metastasis-directed therapy. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is overexpressed in prostatic cancer cells. Novel imaging modalities using radiolabeled tracers with PSMA such as 68Ga-PSMA-positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) have shown promising results. We review the literature regarding 68Ga-PSMA-PET/CT in the setting of primary prostate cancer and biochemical recurrence. At present, the best utilization of 68Ga-PSMA-PET/CT appears to be in biochemical recurrence. 68Ga-PSMA-PET/CT has high diagnostic accuracy for lymph node metastases and has been shown to have superior detection rates to conventional imaging, especially at low PSA levels. The exact role of 68Ga-PSMA-PET/CT in primary prostate cancer is not yet entirely clear. It has an improved detection rate for smaller lesions and may be able to identify nodal or distant metastatic disease at an earlier stage. While still experimental, there may also be value in combining 68Ga-PSMA-PET to multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging for staging of intraprostatic disease. To date, 68Ga-PSMA-PET/CT has been shown to have considerable clinical value and to impact treatment selection for patients with prostate cancer. Still in its infancy, the results of future clinical trials will be excitedly awaited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Udovicich
- Department of Surgery, Mildura Base Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Surgery, Western Health, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Surgery, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Marlon Perera
- Department of Surgery, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael S Hofman
- Centre for Molecular Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shankar Siva
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andres Del Rio
- Department of Radiology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Declan G Murphy
- Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nathan Lawrentschuk
- Department of Surgery, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
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Witkowska-Patena E, Mazurek A, Dziuk M. 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT imaging in recurrent prostate cancer: Where are we now? Cent European J Urol 2017; 70:37-43. [PMID: 28461986 PMCID: PMC5407340 DOI: 10.5173/ceju.2017.947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Prostate cancer (PCa) is a major health concern worldwide with up to 60% of patients experiencing biochemical relapse after radical treatment. Early diagnosis of PCa recurrence is of high importance for successful salvage therapy. The need for accurate imaging has prompted the introduction of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-based radiotracers for positron emission tomography (PET). Material and methods In this review we summarized and discussed the results of the studies analyzing the utility of 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT in patients who experienced a biochemical relapse of prostate cancer. Results PSMA-based PET scans have been proved to provide a superior diagnostic performance over other modalities for localization of the site of early PCa recurrence. 68Ga-PSMA has been also shown to have a higher sensitivity and specificity than other established PET radiotracers such as radiocholines. Conclusions The early studies show promising results and support the use of 68Ga-PSMA for PCa restaging. However, the number of studies concerning the utility of 68Ga-PSMA PET in the context of secondary PCa staging is limited and there is still a considerable scope for further research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrzej Mazurek
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland.,Affidea Mazovian PET/CT Centre, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mirosław Dziuk
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland.,Affidea Mazovian PET/CT Centre, Warsaw, Poland
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Shukla-Dave A, Castillo-Martin M, Chen M, Lobo J, Gladoun N, Collazo-Lorduy A, Khan FM, Ponomarev V, Yi Z, Zhang W, Pandolfi PP, Hricak H, Cordon-Cardo C. Ornithine Decarboxylase Is Sufficient for Prostate Tumorigenesis via Androgen Receptor Signaling. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 186:3131-3145. [PMID: 27770613 PMCID: PMC5225291 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Increased polyamine synthesis is known to play an important role in prostate cancer. We aimed to explore its functional significance in prostate tumor initiation and its link to androgen receptor (AR) signaling. For this purpose, we generated a new cell line derived from normal epithelial prostate cells (RWPE-1) with overexpression of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and used it for in vitro and in vivo experiments. We then comprehensively analyzed the expression of the main metabolic enzymes of the polyamine pathway and spermine abundance in 120 well-characterized cases of human prostate cancer and high-grade prostate intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN). Herein, we show that the ODC-overexpressing prostate cells underwent malignant transformation, revealing that ODC is sufficient for de novo tumor initiation in 94% of injected mice. This oncogenic capacity was acquired through alteration of critical signaling networks, including AR, EIF2, and mTOR/MAPK. RNA silencing experiments revealed the link between AR signaling and polyamine metabolism. Human prostate cancers consistently demonstrated up-regulation of the main polyamine enzymes analyzed (ODC, polyamine oxidase, and spermine synthase) and reduction of spermine. This phenotype was also dominant in HGPIN, rendering it a new biomarker of malignant transformation. In summary, we report that ODC plays a key role in prostate tumorigenesis and that the polyamine pathway is altered as early as HGPIN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amita Shukla-Dave
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Mireia Castillo-Martin
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Department of Pathology, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ming Chen
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jose Lobo
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Nataliya Gladoun
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Ana Collazo-Lorduy
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Spanish Society of Medical Oncology, Madrid, Spain
| | - Faisal M Khan
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Vladimir Ponomarev
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Zhengzi Yi
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Weijia Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Pier P Pandolfi
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hedvig Hricak
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Carlos Cordon-Cardo
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
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Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common malignancy in men and a major cause of cancer death. Accurate imaging plays an important role in diagnosis, staging, restaging, detection of biochemical recurrence, and for therapy of patients with PCa. Because no effective treatment is available for advanced PCa, there is an urgent need to develop new and more effective therapeutic strategies. To optimize treatment outcome, especially in high-risk patients with PCa, therapy for PCa is moving rapidly toward personalization. Medical imaging, including positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT), plays an important role in personalized medicine in oncology. In the recent years, much focus has been on prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) as a promising target for imaging and therapy with radionuclides, as it is upregulated in most PCa. In the prostate, one potential role for PSMA PET imaging is to help guide focal therapy. Several studies have shown great potential of PSMA PET/CT for initial staging, lymph node staging, and detection of recurrence of PCa, even at very low prostate-specific antigen values after primary therapy. Furthermore, studies have shown that PSMA PET/CT has a higher detection rate than choline PET/CT. Radiolabeled PSMA ligands for therapy show promise in several studies with metastatic PCa and is an area of active investigation. The "image and treat" strategy, with radiolabeled PSMA ligands, has the potential to improve the treatment outcome of patients with PCa and is paving the way for precision medicine in PCa. The aim of this review is to give an overview of recent advancement in PSMA PET and radionuclide therapy for PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Bouchelouche
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Baris Turkbey
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, MD
| | - Peter L Choyke
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, MD
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Perera M, Papa N, Christidis D, Wetherell D, Hofman MS, Murphy DG, Bolton D, Lawrentschuk N. Sensitivity, Specificity, and Predictors of Positive 68Ga-Prostate-specific Membrane Antigen Positron Emission Tomography in Advanced Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Eur Urol 2016; 70:926-937. [PMID: 27363387 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2016.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 720] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Positron emission tomography (PET) of 68Ga-labelled prostate-specific membrane antigen (68Ga-PSMA) is an emerging imaging modality introduced to assess the burden of prostate cancer, typically in biochemically recurrent or advanced disease. 68Ga-PSMA PET provides the ability to selectively identify and localize metastatic prostate cancer cells and subsequently change patient management. Owing to its limited history, robust sensitivity and specificity data are not available for 68Ga-PSMA PET-positive scans. OBJECTIVE A systematic review and meta-analysis of reported predictors of positive 68Ga-PSMA PET and corresponding sensitivity and specificity profiles. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION We performed critical reviews of MEDLINE, EMBASE, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases in April 2016 according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement. Quality was assessed using the Quality Assessment if Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 tool. Meta-analysis and meta-regression of proportions were performed using a random-effects model with pre-PET prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels as the dependent variable. Summary sensitivity and specificity values were obtained by fitting bivariate hierarchical regression models. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Sixteen articles involving 1309 patients were analysed. The overall percentage of positive 68Ga-PSMA PET among patients was 40% (95% confidence interval [CI] 19-64%) for primary staging and 76% (95% CI 66-85%) for biochemical recurrence (BCR). Positive 68Ga-PSMA PET scans for BCR patients increased with pre-PET PSA. For the PSA categories 0-0.2, 0.2-1, 1-2, and >2 ng/ml, 42%, 58%, 76%, and 95% scans, respectively, were positive. Shorter PSA doubling time increased 68Ga-PSMA PET positivity. On per-patient analysis, the summary sensitivity and specificity were both 86%. On per-lesion analysis, the summary sensitivity and specificity were 80% and 97%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In the setting of BCR prostate cancer, pre-PET PSA predicts the risk of positive 68Ga-PSMA PET. Pooled data indicate favourable sensitivity and specificity profiles compared to choline-based PET imaging techniques. PATIENT SUMMARY Positron emission tomography using 68Ga-labelled prostate-specific membrane antigen is an emerging radiological technique developed to improve the characterisation of metastatic prostate cancer. We summarised the data available to date and found that this new test provides excellent rates of detection of cancer spread in late-stage prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlon Perera
- Department of Surgery, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nathan Papa
- Department of Surgery, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel Christidis
- Department of Surgery, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Wetherell
- Department of Surgery, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael S Hofman
- Centre for Molecular Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Declan G Murphy
- Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre, Epworth Healthcare, Richmond, Australia
| | - Damien Bolton
- Department of Surgery, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Olivia Newton-John Cancer and Wellness Centre, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nathan Lawrentschuk
- Department of Surgery, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Olivia Newton-John Cancer and Wellness Centre, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.
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72
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Shostak A, Ruppert B, Ha N, Bruns P, Toprak UH, Eils R, Schlesner M, Diernfellner A, Brunner M. MYC/MIZ1-dependent gene repression inversely coordinates the circadian clock with cell cycle and proliferation. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11807. [PMID: 27339797 PMCID: PMC4931031 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock and the cell cycle are major cellular systems that organize global physiology in temporal fashion. It seems conceivable that the potentially conflicting programs are coordinated. We show here that overexpression of MYC in U2OS cells attenuates the clock and conversely promotes cell proliferation while downregulation of MYC strengthens the clock and reduces proliferation. Inhibition of the circadian clock is crucially dependent on the formation of repressive complexes of MYC with MIZ1 and subsequent downregulation of the core clock genes BMAL1 (ARNTL), CLOCK and NPAS2. We show furthermore that BMAL1 expression levels correlate inversely with MYC levels in 102 human lymphomas. Our data suggest that MYC acts as a master coordinator that inversely modulates the impact of cell cycle and circadian clock on gene expression. The circadian clock and the cell cycle systems coordinate global physiology. Here the authors show that MYC represses the clock genes, together with MIZ1, and induces proliferation, suggesting that MYC inversely modulates cell cycle and circadian clock genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Shostak
- Heidelberg University, Biochemistry Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bianca Ruppert
- Heidelberg University, Biochemistry Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nati Ha
- Heidelberg University, Biochemistry Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philipp Bruns
- Division Theoretical Bioinformatics (B080), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Umut H Toprak
- Division Theoretical Bioinformatics (B080), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Roland Eils
- Division Theoretical Bioinformatics (B080), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Department for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB) and BioQuant, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Schlesner
- Division Theoretical Bioinformatics (B080), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Axel Diernfellner
- Heidelberg University, Biochemistry Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Brunner
- Heidelberg University, Biochemistry Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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73
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Pilling M, Gardner P. Fundamental developments in infrared spectroscopic imaging for biomedical applications. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:1935-57. [PMID: 26996636 DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00846h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Infrared chemical imaging is a rapidly emerging field with new advances in instrumentation, data acquisition and data analysis. These developments have had significant impact in biomedical applications and numerous studies have now shown that this technology offers great promise for the improved diagnosis of the diseased state. Relying on purely biochemical signatures rather than contrast from exogenous dyes and stains, infrared chemical imaging has the potential to revolutionise histopathology for improved disease diagnosis. In this review we discuss the recent advances in infrared spectroscopic imaging specifically related to spectral histopathology (SHP) and consider the current state of the field. Finally we consider the practical application of SHP for disease diagnosis and consider potential barriers to clinical translation highlighting current directions and the future outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Pilling
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
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74
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Wang L, Wang J, Xiong H, Wu F, Lan T, Zhang Y, Guo X, Wang H, Saleem M, Jiang C, Lu J, Deng Y. Co-targeting hexokinase 2-mediated Warburg effect and ULK1-dependent autophagy suppresses tumor growth of PTEN- and TP53-deficiency-driven castration-resistant prostate cancer. EBioMedicine 2016; 7:50-61. [PMID: 27322458 PMCID: PMC4909365 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, no therapeutic options exist for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients who have developed resistance to the second generation anti-androgen receptor (AR) axis therapy. Here we report that co-deletion of Pten and p53 in murine prostate epithelium, often observed in human CRPC, leads to AR-independent CRPC and thus confers de novo resistance to second generation androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in multiple independent yet complementary preclinical mouse models. In contrast, mechanism-driven co-targeting hexokinase 2 (HK2)-mediated Warburg effect with 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) and ULK1-dependent autophagy with chloroquine (CQ) selectively kills cancer cells through intrinsic apoptosis to cause tumor regression in xenograft, leads to a near-complete tumor suppression and remarkably extends survival in Pten-/p53-deficiency-driven CRPC mouse model. Mechanistically, 2-DG causes AMPK phosphorylation, which in turn inhibits mTORC1-S6K1 translation signaling to preferentially block anti-apoptotic protein MCL-l synthesis to prime mitochondria-dependent apoptosis while simultaneously activates ULK1-driven autophagy for cell survival to counteract the apoptotic action of anti-Warburg effect. Accordingly, inhibition of autophagy with CQ sensitizes cancer cells to apoptosis upon 2-DG challenge. Given that 2-DG is recommended for phase II clinical trials for prostate cancer and CQ has been clinically used as an anti-malaria drug for many decades, the preclinical results from our proof-of-principle studies in vivo are imminently translatable to clinical trials to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy by the combination modality for a subset of currently incurable CRPC harboring PTEN and TP53 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, The University of Minnesota Hormel Institute, Austin, MN, 55912, USA
| | - Ji Wang
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, The University of Minnesota Hormel Institute, Austin, MN, 55912, USA
| | - Hua Xiong
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, The University of Minnesota Hormel Institute, Austin, MN, 55912, USA
| | - Fengxia Wu
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, The University of Minnesota Hormel Institute, Austin, MN, 55912, USA
| | - Tian Lan
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, The University of Minnesota Hormel Institute, Austin, MN, 55912, USA
| | - Yingjie Zhang
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, The University of Minnesota Hormel Institute, Austin, MN, 55912, USA
| | - Xiaolan Guo
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, The University of Minnesota Hormel Institute, Austin, MN, 55912, USA
| | - Huanan Wang
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, The University of Minnesota Hormel Institute, Austin, MN, 55912, USA
| | - Mohammad Saleem
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, The University of Minnesota Hormel Institute, Austin, MN, 55912, USA
| | - Cheng Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Junxuan Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Yibin Deng
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, The University of Minnesota Hormel Institute, Austin, MN, 55912, USA.
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75
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Jadhav V, Ray P, Sachdeva G, Bhatt P. Biocompatible arsenic trioxide nanoparticles induce cell cycle arrest by p21WAF1/CIP1 expression via epigenetic remodeling in LNCaP and PC3 cell lines. Life Sci 2016; 148:41-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Abstract
Currently, the findings of imaging procedures used for detection or staging of prostate cancer depend on morphology of lymph nodes or bone metabolism and do not always meet diagnostic needs. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), a transmembrane protein that has considerable overexpression on most prostate cancer cells, has gained increasing interest as a target molecule for imaging. To date, several small compounds for labelling PSMA have been developed and are currently being investigated as imaging probes for PET with the (68)Ga-labelled PSMA inhibitor Glu-NH-CO-NH-Lys(Ahx)-HBED-CC being the most widely studied agent. (68)Ga-PSMA-PET imaging in combination with multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) might provide additional molecular information on cancer localization within the prostate. In patients with primary prostate cancer of intermediate-risk to high-risk, PSMA-based imaging has been reported to improve detection of metastatic disease compared with CT or mpMRI, rendering additional cross-sectional imaging or bone scintigraphy unnecessary. Furthermore, in patients with biochemically recurrent prostate cancer, use of (68)Ga-PSMA-PET imaging has been shown to increase detection of metastatic sites, even at low serum PSA values, compared with conventional imaging or PET examination with different tracers. Thus, although current knowledge is still limited and derived mostly from retrospective series, PSMA-based imaging holds great promise to improve prostate cancer management.
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77
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78
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Pedrosa AR, Graça JL, Carvalho S, Peleteiro MC, Duarte A, Trindade A. Notch signaling dynamics in the adult healthy prostate and in prostatic tumor development. Prostate 2016; 76:80-96. [PMID: 26419726 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Notch signaling pathway has been implicated in prostate development, maintenance and tumorigenesis by its key role in cell-fate determination, differentiation and proliferation. Therefore, we proposed to analyze Notch family members transcription and expression, including ligands (Dll1, 3, 4 and Jagged1 and 2), receptors (Notch1-4) and effectors (Hes1, 2, 5 and Hey1, 2, L), in both normal and tumor bearing mouse prostates to better understand the dynamics of Notch signaling in prostate tumorigenesis. METHODS Wild type mice and transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate model (TRAMP) mice were sacrificed at 18, 24 or 30 weeks of age and the prostates collected and processed for either whole prostate or prostate cell specific populations mRNA analysis and for protein expression analysis by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. RESULTS We observed that Dll1 and Dll4 are expressed in the luminal compartment of the mouse healthy prostate, whereas Jagged2 expression is restricted to the basal and stromal compartment. Additionally, Notch2 and Notch4 are normally expressed in the prostate luminal compartment while Notch2 and Notch3 are also expressed in the stromal layer of the healthy prostate. As prostate tumor development takes place, there is up-regulation of Notch components. Particularly, the prostate tumor lesions have increased expression of Jagged1 and 2, of Notch3 and of Hey1. We have also detected the presence of activated Notch3 in prostatic tumors that co-express Jagged1 and ultimately the Hey1 effector. CONCLUSIONS Taken together our results point out the Notch axis Jagged1-2/Notch3/Hey1 to be important for prostate tumor development and worthy of additional functional studies and validation in human clinical disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Rita Pedrosa
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José L Graça
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sandra Carvalho
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria C Peleteiro
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - António Duarte
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Alexandre Trindade
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
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79
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Osorio LA, Farfán NM, Castellón EA, Contreras HR. SNAIL transcription factor increases the motility and invasive capacity of prostate cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2015; 13:778-86. [PMID: 26648419 PMCID: PMC4686115 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence and mortality rates of prostate cancer (PCa) are increasing, and PCa is almost the second-leading cause of cancer-associated mortality in men. During tumor progression, epithelial cells decrease the number of adhesion molecules, change their polarity and position, rearrange their cytoskeleton and increase their migratory and invasive capacities. These changes are known under the concept of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). EMT is characterized by an upregulation of certain transcription factors, including SNAIL1, which represses genes that are characteristic of an epithelial phenotype, including E-cadherin, and indirectly increase the expression levels of genes, which are associated with the mesenchymal phenotype. It has been suggested that the transcription factor, SNAIL1, decreases the proliferation and increases the migratory and invasive capacities of PCa cell lines. The present study was performed using LNCaP and PC3 cell lines, in which the expression levels of SNAIL1 were increased or silenced through the use of lentiviral vectors. The expression levels of EMT markers were quantified using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. In addition, cell survival was analyzed using an MTS assay; cell proliferation was examined using an antibody targeting Ki-67; migration on plates with 8 µm pores to allow the passage of cells; and invasiveness was analyzed using a membrane chamber covered in dried basement membrane matrix solution. The levels of apoptosis were determined using a Caspase 3/7 assay containing a substrate modified by caspases 3 and 7. The results demonstrated that the overexpression and silencing of SNAIL1 decreased cell proliferation and survival. However, the overexpression of SNAIL1 decreased apoptosis, compared with cells with the SNAIL1-silenced cells, in which cell apoptosis increased. The migration and invasive capacities increased in the cells overexpressing SNAIL1, and decreased when SNAIL1 was silenced. In conclusion, PCa cells overexpressing SNAIL1 exhibited characteristics of an EMT phenotype, whereas the silencing of the SNAIL1 transcriptional repressor promoted an epithelial-like phenotype, with decreased migration and invasion, characteristic of mesenchymal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Osorio
- Physiology and Biophysics Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8389100, Chile
| | - Nancy M Farfán
- Physiology and Biophysics Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8389100, Chile
| | - Enrique A Castellón
- Physiology and Biophysics Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8389100, Chile
| | - Héctor R Contreras
- Physiology and Biophysics Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8389100, Chile
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80
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Abstract
A wide array of molecular markers and genomic signatures, reviewed in this article, may soon be used as adjuncts to currently established screening strategies, prognostic parameters, and early detection markers. Markers of genetic susceptibility to PCA, recurrent epigenetic and genetic alterations, including ETS gene fusions, PTEN alterations, and urine-based early detection marker PCA3, are discussed. Impact of recent genome-wide assessment on our understanding of key pathways of PCA development and progression and their potential clinical implications are highlighted.
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81
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Miličević N, Mrčela M, Galić J, Marjanović K. Expression of proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 in tissue samples of human prostate obtained by needle biopsy. Pathol Res Pract 2015; 211:865-70. [PMID: 26376467 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) has been associated with the development of prostate cancer. The aim of the study was to clarify whether IL-6 expression in prostate tissue could be a useful marker in differentiation of prostate diseases in small foci by pathologist visual scoring. Archival paraffin-embedded specimens of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), prostatitis and prostate adenocarcinoma were studied by immunohistochemistry with a mouse monoclonal antibody IL-6 using the streptavidin-biotin method. Significantly, lower IL-6 immunoreactivity was observed in normal epithelial cells (p=0.000) and basal cells (p=0.000) in the samples of prostate adenocarcinoma in comparison to the samples with BPH, PIN and prostatitis. There was no significant difference in IL-6 expression in malignant and premalignant cells (p=0.814) as well as in stromal cells among the four diagnoses (p=0.22). IL-6 was expressed in normal epithelial cells, premalignant epithelial cells and malignant epithelial cells as well as in stromal cells. However, in our research IL-6 was of limited utility as a single marker for differential diagnosis of the prostate diseases in small foci needle biopsy by pathologist visual scoring. The standardization of immunohistochemical (IHC) staining protocol for IL-6 is required to determine IL-6 expression in order to avoid possible misinterpretation of the IHC results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevenka Miličević
- Department of Anesthesiology, Reanimatology and Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital Centre Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Milanka Mrčela
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University Hospital Centre Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Josip Galić
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Centre Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ksenija Marjanović
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University Hospital Centre Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
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82
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Tichauer KM, Wang Y, Pogue BW, Liu JTC. Quantitative in vivo cell-surface receptor imaging in oncology: kinetic modeling and paired-agent principles from nuclear medicine and optical imaging. Phys Med Biol 2015; 60:R239-69. [PMID: 26134619 PMCID: PMC4522156 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/60/14/r239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The development of methods to accurately quantify cell-surface receptors in living tissues would have a seminal impact in oncology. For example, accurate measures of receptor density in vivo could enhance early detection or surgical resection of tumors via protein-based contrast, allowing removal of cancer with high phenotype specificity. Alternatively, accurate receptor expression estimation could be used as a biomarker to guide patient-specific clinical oncology targeting of the same molecular pathway. Unfortunately, conventional molecular contrast-based imaging approaches are not well adapted to accurately estimating the nanomolar-level cell-surface receptor concentrations in tumors, as most images are dominated by nonspecific sources of contrast such as high vascular permeability and lymphatic inhibition. This article reviews approaches for overcoming these limitations based upon tracer kinetic modeling and the use of emerging protocols to estimate binding potential and the related receptor concentration. Methods such as using single time point imaging or a reference-tissue approach tend to have low accuracy in tumors, whereas paired-agent methods or advanced kinetic analyses are more promising to eliminate the dominance of interstitial space in the signals. Nuclear medicine and optical molecular imaging are the primary modalities used, as they have the nanomolar level sensitivity needed to quantify cell-surface receptor concentrations present in tissue, although each likely has a different clinical niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth M Tichauer
- Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago IL 60616, USA
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83
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Hsiao JJ, Ng BH, Smits MM, Martinez HD, Jasavala RJ, Hinkson IV, Fermin D, Eng JK, Nesvizhskii AI, Wright ME. Research Resource: Androgen Receptor Activity Is Regulated Through the Mobilization of Cell Surface Receptor Networks. Mol Endocrinol 2015; 29:1195-218. [PMID: 26181434 DOI: 10.1210/me.2015-1021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aberrant expression of androgen receptor (AR)-dependent transcriptional programs is a defining pathology of the development and progression of prostate cancers. Transcriptional cofactors that bind AR are critical determinants of prostate tumorigenesis. To gain a deeper understanding of the proteins linked to AR-dependent gene transcription, we performed a DNA-affinity chromatography-based proteomic screen designed to identify proteins involved in AR-mediated gene transcription in prostate tumor cells. Functional experiments validated the coregulator roles of known AR-binding proteins in AR-mediated transcription in prostate tumor cells. More importantly, novel coregulatory functions were detected in components of well-established cell surface receptor-dependent signal transduction pathways. Further experimentation demonstrated that components of the TNF, TGF-β, IL receptor, and epidermal growth factor signaling pathways modulated AR-dependent gene transcription and androgen-dependent proliferation in prostate tumor cells. Collectively, our proteomic dataset demonstrates that the cell surface receptor- and AR-dependent pathways are highly integrated, and provides a molecular framework for understanding how disparate signal-transduction pathways can influence AR-dependent transcriptional programs linked to the development and progression of human prostate cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordy J Hsiao
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (J.J.H., B.H.N., M.M.S., H.D.M., M.E.W.), Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242; Department of Pharmacology (H.D.M., R.J.J., I.V.H., M.E.W.), School of Medicine and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616; Departments of Pathology and Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics (D.F., A.I.N.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; and Department of Genome Sciences (J.K.E.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Brandon H Ng
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (J.J.H., B.H.N., M.M.S., H.D.M., M.E.W.), Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242; Department of Pharmacology (H.D.M., R.J.J., I.V.H., M.E.W.), School of Medicine and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616; Departments of Pathology and Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics (D.F., A.I.N.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; and Department of Genome Sciences (J.K.E.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Melinda M Smits
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (J.J.H., B.H.N., M.M.S., H.D.M., M.E.W.), Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242; Department of Pharmacology (H.D.M., R.J.J., I.V.H., M.E.W.), School of Medicine and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616; Departments of Pathology and Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics (D.F., A.I.N.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; and Department of Genome Sciences (J.K.E.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Harryl D Martinez
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (J.J.H., B.H.N., M.M.S., H.D.M., M.E.W.), Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242; Department of Pharmacology (H.D.M., R.J.J., I.V.H., M.E.W.), School of Medicine and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616; Departments of Pathology and Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics (D.F., A.I.N.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; and Department of Genome Sciences (J.K.E.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Rohini J Jasavala
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (J.J.H., B.H.N., M.M.S., H.D.M., M.E.W.), Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242; Department of Pharmacology (H.D.M., R.J.J., I.V.H., M.E.W.), School of Medicine and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616; Departments of Pathology and Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics (D.F., A.I.N.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; and Department of Genome Sciences (J.K.E.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Izumi V Hinkson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (J.J.H., B.H.N., M.M.S., H.D.M., M.E.W.), Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242; Department of Pharmacology (H.D.M., R.J.J., I.V.H., M.E.W.), School of Medicine and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616; Departments of Pathology and Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics (D.F., A.I.N.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; and Department of Genome Sciences (J.K.E.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Damian Fermin
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (J.J.H., B.H.N., M.M.S., H.D.M., M.E.W.), Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242; Department of Pharmacology (H.D.M., R.J.J., I.V.H., M.E.W.), School of Medicine and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616; Departments of Pathology and Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics (D.F., A.I.N.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; and Department of Genome Sciences (J.K.E.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Jimmy K Eng
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (J.J.H., B.H.N., M.M.S., H.D.M., M.E.W.), Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242; Department of Pharmacology (H.D.M., R.J.J., I.V.H., M.E.W.), School of Medicine and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616; Departments of Pathology and Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics (D.F., A.I.N.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; and Department of Genome Sciences (J.K.E.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Alexey I Nesvizhskii
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (J.J.H., B.H.N., M.M.S., H.D.M., M.E.W.), Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242; Department of Pharmacology (H.D.M., R.J.J., I.V.H., M.E.W.), School of Medicine and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616; Departments of Pathology and Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics (D.F., A.I.N.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; and Department of Genome Sciences (J.K.E.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Michael E Wright
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (J.J.H., B.H.N., M.M.S., H.D.M., M.E.W.), Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242; Department of Pharmacology (H.D.M., R.J.J., I.V.H., M.E.W.), School of Medicine and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616; Departments of Pathology and Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics (D.F., A.I.N.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; and Department of Genome Sciences (J.K.E.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
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84
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Amin H, Nayak D, ur Rasool R, Chakraborty S, Kumar A, Yousuf K, Sharma PR, Ahmed Z, Sharma N, Magotra A, Mukherjee D, Kumar LD, Goswami A. Par-4 dependent modulation of cellular β-catenin by medicinal plant natural product derivative 3-azido Withaferin A. Mol Carcinog 2015; 55:864-81. [DOI: 10.1002/mc.22328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hina Amin
- Cancer Pharmacology Division; Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Canal Road; Jammu Tawi Jammu and Kashmir India
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology; Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University; Rajouri Jammu and Kashmir India
| | - Debasis Nayak
- Cancer Pharmacology Division; Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Canal Road; Jammu Tawi Jammu and Kashmir India
| | - Reyaz ur Rasool
- Cancer Pharmacology Division; Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Canal Road; Jammu Tawi Jammu and Kashmir India
| | - Souneek Chakraborty
- Cancer Pharmacology Division; Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Canal Road; Jammu Tawi Jammu and Kashmir India
| | - Anmol Kumar
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology; Uppal Road; Hyderabad Andra Pradesh India
| | - Khalid Yousuf
- Natural Product Chemistry; Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Canal Road; Jammu Tawi Jammu and Kashmir India
| | - Parduman Raj Sharma
- Cancer Pharmacology Division; Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Canal Road; Jammu Tawi Jammu and Kashmir India
| | - Zabeer Ahmed
- Cancer Pharmacology Division; Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Canal Road; Jammu Tawi Jammu and Kashmir India
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Cancer Pharmacology Division; Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Canal Road; Jammu Tawi Jammu and Kashmir India
| | - Asmita Magotra
- Cancer Pharmacology Division; Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Canal Road; Jammu Tawi Jammu and Kashmir India
| | - Debaraj Mukherjee
- Natural Product Chemistry; Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Canal Road; Jammu Tawi Jammu and Kashmir India
| | - Lekha Dinesh Kumar
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology; Uppal Road; Hyderabad Andra Pradesh India
| | - Anindya Goswami
- Cancer Pharmacology Division; Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Canal Road; Jammu Tawi Jammu and Kashmir India
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85
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Allina DO, Andreeva YY, Zavalishina LE, Kekeeva TV, Frank GA. [High-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia: state-of-the-art]. Arkh Patol 2015; 77:69-74. [PMID: 25868372 DOI: 10.17116/patol201577169-] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
According to current views, high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia is the most likely precursor of prostate adenocarcinoma. This review gives the latest data of genetic, proteomic, and morphological analyses of this neoplasia and touches upon the probems that might arise when searching for new markers for differential diagnosis and prognosis estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D O Allina
- Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education
| | | | | | - T V Kekeeva
- Research Center for Medical Genetics, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow
| | - G A Frank
- Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education
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86
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Li SQ, Chen FM, Luo J, Chen L, Qi M. Effect of cisplatin on cell proliferation and apoptosis and expression of Bcl-2, Caspase3 and Caspase9 proteins in human colon carcinoma cell line Caco-2. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2015; 23:1460-1464. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v23.i9.1460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate whether cisplatin induces the apoptosis of colon cancer Caco-2 cells and inhibits the expression of Bcl-2, Caspase9 and Caspase3.
METHODS: Caco-2 cells were treated with cisplatin. Cell proliferation was measured by MTT assay and fluorescence microscopy. The protein expression of Bcl-2 was determined by Western blot, and the protein expression of Caspase9 and Caspase3 was determined by spectrophotometry.
RESULTS: Cisplatin inhibited the proliferation of Caco-2 cells in a concentration-dependent manner, and the survival rates of cells treated with 4 and 2 µg/mL cisplatin showed a statistical difference (P < 0.01), although there was no significant difference between cells treated with l.0 and 0.5 µg/mL cisplatin (P > 0.05). Cisplatin induced the apoptosis of Caco-2 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Bcl-2 protein was highly expressed in Caco-2 cells. Cisplatin intervention for 72 h significantly reduced the expression of Bcl-2 protein in Caco-2 cells compared with control cells (P < 0.05).The protein expression of Caspase9 and Caspase3 was significantly up-regulated at 48 and 72 h after treatment with cisplatin when compared with control cells (P < 0.01).
CONCLUSION: Cisplatin inhibits the proliferation and induces apoptosis of Caco-2 cells via mechanisms that may be related to activation of Caspase9 and Caspase3 and inhibition of Bcl-2 protein expression.
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87
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Xiao GQ, Unger P, Yang Q, Kinoshita Y, Singh K, McMahon L, Nastiuk K, Sha K, Krolewski J, Burstein D. Loss of PLZF expression in prostate cancer by immunohistochemistry correlates with tumor aggressiveness and metastasis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121318. [PMID: 25807461 PMCID: PMC4373907 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PLZF is a transcription repressor, which plays a critical role in development, spermatogenesis and oncogenesis. Down-regulation of PLZF has been found in various tumor cell lines. There has been virtually no tissue study on the expression of PLZF in prostate cancer (PCa). PCa is a heterogeneous disease, most of which are indolent and non-lethal. Currently there are no biomarkers that distinguish indolent from aggressive PCa; therefore there is an urgent need for such markers to provide clinical decision support. This study aimed to investigate the expression of PLZF by immunohistochemistry in different grade as well as metastatic PCa and to correlate the alteration of PLZF expression with PCa aggressiveness. We studied a total of 83 primary PCa from biopsies, 43 metastatic PCa and 8 paired primary and metastatic PCa from radical prostatectomies with lymph node dissection. Our results demonstrated that PLZF was strongly expressed in almost all (~100%) benign luminal cells (n=77) and low grade (Gleason pattern 3) PCa (n=70) and weak or absent (100%) in basal cells (n=70). Decreased or lost expression of PLZF was evidenced in 26% of high-grade (Gleason 4 and 5) primary PCa (n=70) and 84% metastatic PCa (n=43). The primary high grade PCa in the prostatectomies shared similar PLZF loss/decrease and histomorphology to that of paired parallel lymph node metastases. These data demonstrated that down-regulation of PLZF is an important molecular process for tumor progression and loss of PLZF expression detected by routine immunohistochemistry is a promising and valuable biomarker for PCa aggressiveness and metastasis in the personalized care of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Qian Xiao
- Departments of Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Pamela Unger
- Departments of Pathology, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Qi Yang
- Departments of Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Yayoi Kinoshita
- Departments of Pathology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Kyra Singh
- Departments of Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Loralee McMahon
- Departments of Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Kent Nastiuk
- Departments of Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Kai Sha
- Departments of Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - John Krolewski
- Departments of Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - David Burstein
- Departments of Pathology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
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88
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Kerian KS, Jarmusch AK, Pirro V, Koch MO, Masterson TA, Cheng L, Cooks RG. Differentiation of prostate cancer from normal tissue in radical prostatectomy specimens by desorption electrospray ionization and touch spray ionization mass spectrometry. Analyst 2015; 140:1090-8. [PMID: 25521825 PMCID: PMC4314440 DOI: 10.1039/c4an02039a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Radical prostatectomy is a common treatment option for prostate cancer before it has spread beyond the prostate. Examination for surgical margins is performed post-operatively with positive margins reported to occur in 6.5-32% of cases. Rapid identification of cancerous tissue during surgery could improve surgical resection. Desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) is an ambient ionization method which produces mass spectra dominated by lipid signals directly from prostate tissue. With the use of multivariate statistics, these mass spectra can be used to differentiate cancerous and normal tissue. The method was applied to 100 samples from 12 human patients to create a training set of MS data. The quality of the discrimination achieved was evaluated using principal component analysis - linear discriminant analysis (PCA-LDA) and confirmed by histopathology. Cross validation (PCA-LDA) showed >95% accuracy. An even faster and more convenient method, touch spray (TS) mass spectrometry, not previously tested to differentiate diseased tissue, was also evaluated by building a similar MS data base characteristic of tumor and normal tissue. An independent set of 70 non-targeted biopsies from six patients was then used to record lipid profile data resulting in 110 data points for an evaluation dataset for TS-MS. This method gave prediction success rates measured against histopathology of 93%. These results suggest that DESI and TS could be useful in differentiating tumor and normal prostate tissue at surgical margins and that these methods should be evaluated intra-operatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Kerian
- Purdue University, Department of Chemistry and Center for Analytical Instrumentation Development, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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89
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Li S, Zhu Y, Ma C, Qiu Z, Zhang X, Kang Z, Wu Z, Wang H, Xu X, Zhang H, Ren G, Tang J, Li X, Guan M. Downregulation of EphA5 by promoter methylation in human prostate cancer. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:18. [PMID: 25609195 PMCID: PMC4307617 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1025-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background EphA5 is a member of the Eph/ephrin family and plays a critical role in the regulation of carcinogenesis. A significant reduction of EphA5 transcripts in high-grade prostate cancer tissue was shown using a transcriptomic analysis, compared to the low-grade prostate cancer tissue. As less is known about the mechanism of EphA5 downregulation and the function of EphA5, here we investigated the expression and an epigenetic change of EphA5 in prostate cancer and determined if these findings were correlated with clinicopathologic characteristics of prostate cancer. Methods Seven prostate cell lines (RWPE-1, LNCap, LNCap-LN3, CWR22rv-1, PC-3, PC-3M-LN4, and DU145), thirty-nine BPH, twenty-two primary prostate carcinomas, twenty-three paired noncancerous and cancerous prostate tissues were examined via qRT-PCR, methylation-specific PCR, bisulfite sequencing, immunohistochemistry and western blotting. The role of EphA5 in prostate cancer cell migration and invasion was examined by wound healing and transwell assay. Results Downregulation or loss of EphA5 mRNA or protein expression was detected in 28 of 45 (62.2%) prostate carcinomas, 2 of 39 (5.1%) hyperplasias, and all 6 prostate cancer cell lines. Methylation of the EphA5 promoter region was present in 32 of 45 (71.1%) carcinoma samples, 3 of 39 (7.7%) hyperplasias, and the 6 prostate cancer cell lines. Among 23 paired prostate carcinoma tissues, 16 tumor samples exhibited the hypermethylation of EphA5, and 15 of these 16 specimens (93.8%) shown the downregulation of EphA5 expression than that of their respectively matched noncancerous samples. Immunostaining analysis demonstrated that the EphA5 protein was absent or down-regulated in 10 of 13 (76.9%) available carcinoma samples, and 8 of these 10 samples (80.0%) exhibited hypermethylation. The frequency of EphA5 methylation was higher in cancer patients with an elevated Gleason score or T3-T4 staging. Following the treatment of 6 prostate cancer cell lines with 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine, the levels of EphA5 mRNA were significantly increased. Prostate cancer cells invasion and migration were significantly suppressed by ectopic expression of EphA5 in vitro. Conclusion Our study provides evidence that EphA5 is a potential target for epigenetic silencing in primary prostate cancer and is a potentially valuable prognosis predictor and thereapeutic marker for prostate cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-015-1025-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibao Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, 12 Central Urumqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Yingfeng Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Chunguang Ma
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhenhua Qiu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The people's hospital of GaoZhou, GaoZhou, China.
| | - Xinju Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhihua Kang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, 12 Central Urumqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China. .,Central Laboratory, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhiyuan Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, 12 Central Urumqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China. .,Central Laboratory, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, 12 Central Urumqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China. .,Central Laboratory, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiao Xu
- Central Laboratory, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hu Zhang
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Guoqiang Ren
- Department of Pathology, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jianmin Tang
- Department of Pathology, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiangyu Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, 12 Central Urumqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Ming Guan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, 12 Central Urumqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China. .,Central Laboratory, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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90
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Hu YC, Zhang Q, Huang YH, Liu YF, Chen HL. Comparison of two methods to extract DNA from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues and their impact on EGFR mutation detection in non-small cell lung carcinoma. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:2733-7. [PMID: 24761893 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.6.2733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Molecular pathology tests are often carried for clinicopathological diagnosis and pathologists have established large collections of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue (FFPE) banks. However, extraction of DNA from FFPE is a laborious and challenging for researchers in clinical laboratories. The aim of this study was to compare two widely used DNA extraction methods: using a QIAamp DNA FFPE kit from Qiagen and a Cobas Sample Preparation Kit from Roche, and evaluated the effect of the DNA quality on molecular diagnostics. METHODS DNA from FFPE non-small cell lung carcinoma tissues including biopsy and surgical specimens was extracted with both QIAamp DNA FFPE and Cobas Sample Preparation Kits and EGFR mutations of non-small cell lung carcinomas were detected by real-time quantitative PCR using the extracted DNA. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Our results showed that DNA extracted by QIAamp and Cobas methods were both suitable to detect downstream EGFR mutation in surgical specimens. Howover, Cobas method could yield more DNA from biopsy specimens, and gain much better EGFR mutation results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chang Hu
- Department of Pathology, The First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China E-mail :
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91
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Hexokinase 2-mediated Warburg effect is required for PTEN- and p53-deficiency-driven prostate cancer growth. Cell Rep 2014; 8:1461-74. [PMID: 25176644 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that codeletion of the tumor suppressor genes Pten and p53 plays a crucial role in the development of castration-resistant prostate cancer in vivo. However, the molecular mechanism underlying Pten-/p53-deficiency-driven prostate tumorigenesis remains incompletely understood. Building upon insights gained from our studies with Pten-/p53-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), we report here that hexokinase 2 (HK2) is selectively upregulated by the combined loss of Pten and p53 in prostate cancer cells. Mechanistically, Pten deletion increases HK2 mRNA translation through the activation of the AKT-mTORC1-4EBP1 axis, and p53 loss enhances HK2 mRNA stability through the inhibition of miR143 biogenesis. Genetic studies demonstrate that HK2-mediated aerobic glycolysis, known as the Warburg effect, is required for Pten-/p53-deficiency-driven tumor growth in xenograft mouse models of prostate cancer. Our findings suggest that HK2 might be a therapeutic target for prostate cancer patients carrying Pten and p53 mutations.
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92
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Costa-Pinheiro P, Patel HRH, Henrique R, Jerónimo C. Biomarkers and personalized risk stratification for patients with clinically localized prostate cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 14:1349-58. [PMID: 25148431 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.2014.952288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common neoplasia among men in developed countries and a leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality. PCa is a very heterogeneous disease, both clinically and biologically. Currently, it is difficult to stratify patients into risk groups that entail different disease management. Therefore, a personalized view of this disease is mandatory, through the development of new and more accurate biomarkers that may help clinicians to stratify patients according to threat that PCa poses for each patient. Hence, this review focuses on recent developments of molecular and immunohistochemical biomarkers for PCa risk stratification that might enable a personalized approach to PCa patients. However, despite the increasing amount of available data, there is also an urgent need to translate the most promising biomarkers for clinical use through large multicenter validation trials. Ultimately, these will contribute for an improved clinical management of PCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Costa-Pinheiro
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group - Research Center of Portuguese Oncology Institute - Porto (CI-IPOP), LAB 3, F Building, 1st floor, Rua Dr António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
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93
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Italianity is associated with lower risk of prostate cancer mortality in Switzerland. Cancer Causes Control 2014; 25:1523-9. [PMID: 25146443 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-014-0456-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Different prostate cancer mortality rates observed in European countries may depend on cultural background. We aimed at exploring variation in prostate cancer mortality in the language regions of Switzerland as a function of "Italianity", a proxy for adherence to an Italian lifestyle. METHODS We used data of the Swiss National Cohort, a census-based record linkage study, consisting of census (1990 and 2000) and mortality (until 2008) data. 1,163,271 Swiss and Italian nationals 40+-year old were included. Multivariate age-standardized prostate cancer mortality rates and hazard ratios (HR) from Cox proportional hazards regression analysis were performed. Italianity was defined by an individual's nationality, place of birth and principal language, resulting in a score of 0-3 points. RESULTS Age-standardized prostate cancer mortality rates (per 100,000 person-years) were lowest in the Italian-speaking region of Switzerland (66.7 vs. 87.3 in the German-speaking region). Both Italian nationality and/or place of birth were significantly associated with lower mortality. There was a graded inverse association between mortality rates and increasing Italianity score. Individuals with the highest level of Italianity had a HR of 0.67 (95 % CI 0.59-0.76) compared to those with an Italianity score of zero. Results were similar when looking at language regions separately. CONCLUSIONS The strong and consistent association between Italianity and prostate cancer mortality suggests protective properties of an Italian lifestyle. Further research is required in order to determine which factors specific for Italian culture are responsible for the lower prostate cancer mortality.
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94
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RETRACTED ARTICLE: ChIP-seq analysis of androgen receptor in LNCaP cell line. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:6291-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3511-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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95
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Li J, Xu YH, Lu Y, Ma XP, Chen P, Luo SW, Jia ZG, Liu Y, Guo Y. Identifying differentially expressed genes and small molecule drugs for prostate cancer by a bioinformatics strategy. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 14:5281-6. [PMID: 24175814 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.9.5281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Prostate cancer caused by the abnormal disorderly growth of prostatic acinar cells is the most prevalent cancer of men in western countries. We aimed to screen out differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and explore small molecule drugs for prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS The GSE3824 gene expression profile of prostate cancer was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus database which including 21 normal samples and 18 prostate cancer cells. The DEGs were identified by Limma package in R language and gene ontology and pathway enrichment analyses were performed. In addition, potential regulatory microRNAs and the target sites of the transcription factors were screened out based on the molecular signature database. In addition, the DEGs were mapped to the connectivity map database to identify potential small molecule drugs. RESULTS A total of 6,588 genes were filtered as DEGs between normal and prostate cancer samples. Examples such as ITGB6, ITGB3, ITGAV and ITGA2 may induce prostate cancer through actions on the focal adhesion pathway. Furthermore, the transcription factor, SP1, and its target genes ARHGAP26 and USF1 were identified. The most significant microRNA, MIR-506, was screened and found to regulate genes including ITGB1 and ITGB3. Additionally, small molecules MS-275, 8-azaguanine and pyrvinium were discovered to have the potential to repair the disordered metabolic pathways, abd furthermore to remedy prostate cancer. CONCLUSIONS The results of our analysis bear on the mechanism of prostate cancer and allow screening for small molecular drugs for this cancer. The findings have the potential for future use in the clinic for treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Department of Urology, the 452nd Hospital of PLA, Chengdu, China E-mail :
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96
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Abstract
Prostate cancer is very common in elderly men in developed countries. Unravelling the molecular and biological processes that contribute to tumor development and progressive growth, including its heterogeneity, is a challenging task. The fusion of the genes ERG and TMPRSS2 is the most frequent genomic alteration in prostate cancer. ERG is an oncogene that encodes a member of the family of ETS transcription factors. At lower frequency, other members of this gene family are also rearranged and overexpressed in prostate cancer. TMPRSS2 is an androgen-regulated gene that is preferentially expressed in the prostate. Most of the less frequent ETS fusion partners are also androgen-regulated and prostate-specific. During the last few years, novel concepts of the process of gene fusion have emerged, and initial experimental results explaining the function of the ETS genes ERG and ETV1 in prostate cancer have been published. In this review, we focus on the most relevant ETS gene fusions and summarize the current knowledge of the role of ETS transcription factors in prostate cancer. Finally, we discuss the clinical relevance of TMRPSS2-ERG and other ETS gene fusions in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delila Gasi Tandefelt
- Departments of Pathology Urology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, PO Box 2040, 2000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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97
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The overexpression of MCPH1 inhibits cell growth through regulating cell cycle-related proteins and activating cytochrome c-caspase 3 signaling in cervical cancer. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 392:95-107. [PMID: 24633962 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2022-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
MCPH1, initially identified as an hTERT repressor, has recently been implicated in mediating DNA damage response and maintaining chromosome integrity. This study is to investigate its potential role in the onset of cervical cancer. In the study, decreased expression of MCPH1 was observed in 19 of 31 cases (61.3%) at mRNA level and 44 of 63 cases (69.8%) at protein level of cervical tumor tissues compared with the paired nontumor tissues. Reduced MCPH1 protein expression was significantly associated with high-tumor grade (1 vs. 3 P = 0.013; 2 vs. 3 P = 0.047). In addition to inhibit SiHa cell migration and invasion, the overexpression of MCPH1 inhibited cervical cancer cells growth through inducing S phase arrest and mitochondrial apoptosis. Further analysis demonstrated cyclinA2/CDK2, CDC25C-cyclinB/CDC2, and p53/p21 pathways were involved in the MCPH1 overexpression-induced S phase arrest. Moreover, the overexpression of MCPH1 activated mitochondrial apoptosis through regulating several apoptosis-related proteins such as p53, Bcl-2, Bax, cytochrome c, caspase-3, and PARP-1. Our findings indicate that downregulated MCPH1 correlates with tumor progression in cervical cancer, and MCPH1 has an important role in regulating cell growth through regulating the cell cycle and apoptosis. Thus, it may be a crucial tumor suppressor gene and a novel candidate therapeutic target for cervical cancer.
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98
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Rojas PA, Torres-Estay V, Cerda-Infante J, Montecinos VP, Domínguez J, Arenas J, Godoy AS, San Francisco IF. Association of a single-nucleotide polymorphism from chromosome 17q12 with the aggressiveness of prostate cancer in a Hispanic population. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2014; 140:783-8. [PMID: 24627192 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-014-1635-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the association between the polymorphisms, rs1859962 and rs4430796, from the chromosomes 17q24 and 17q12, respectively, with the risk of prostate cancer (PCa) and its clinical characteristics in a Hispanic (Chilean) population. METHODS This study included 33 controls and 167 patients diagnosed with PCa. The polymorphisms, rs1859962 and rs4430796, were analyzed on blood specimens using quantitative PCR. The genetic analysis of the qPCR data was performed using the SNPStats program. A comparison between the clinical characteristics of the prostate cancers from the patients and the presence of the different polymorphism genotypes detected in blood specimens obtained from these patients was performed using the IBM SPSS v20.0 software. RESULTS We observed no association of the SNPs and the risk of developing PCa (OR 0.84, 95 % CI 0.30-2.38, p = 1.0 to rs1859962 and OR 1.94, 95 % CI 0.57-6.52, p = 0.28 to rs4430796), both sporadic and hereditary. However, patients carrying the genotype G/G from the polymorphism rs4430796 had significantly higher PSA levels than patients carrying the other genotypes (15.05 ng/ml to G/G, 10 and 8.11 ng/ml to genotypes A/G y A/A, respectively, p = 0.01). Furthermore, patients with the genotype G/G of rs4430796 had higher tumor volume than other genotypes (9.45 cc to G/G and 5.22 cc to A/G + A/A, p = 0.04). CONCLUSION The polymorphism rs4430796 of the chromosome 17q12 appears to be a biomarker for cancer aggressiveness, increased PSA and tumor volume of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo A Rojas
- Departamento de Urología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 352, Santiago, Chile,
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99
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Patel N, Vogel R, Chandra-Kuntal K, Glasgow W, Kelavkar U. A novel three serum phospholipid panel differentiates normal individuals from those with prostate cancer. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88841. [PMID: 24603597 PMCID: PMC3945968 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The results of prostate specific antigen (PSA) and digital rectal examination (DRE) screenings lead to both under and over treatment of prostate cancer (PCa). As such, there is an urgent need for the identification and evaluation of new markers for early diagnosis and disease prognosis. Studies have shown a link between PCa, lipids and lipid metabolism. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the concentrations and distribution of serum lipids in patients with PCa as compared with serum from controls. METHOD Using Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) lipid profiling, we analyzed serum phospholipids from age-matched subjects who were either newly diagnosed with PCa or healthy (normal). RESULTS We found that cholester (CE), dihydrosphingomyelin (DSM), phosphatidylcholine (PC), egg phosphatidylcholine (ePC) and egg phosphatidylethanolamine (ePE) are the 5 major lipid groups that varied between normal and cancer serums. ePC 38:5, PC 40:3, and PC 42:4 represent the lipids species most prevalent in PCa as compared with normal serum. Further analysis revealed that serum ePC 38:5 ≥0.015 nmoles, PC 40.3 ≤0.001 nmoles and PC 42:4 ≤0.0001 nmoles correlated with the absence of PCa at 94% prediction. Conversely, serum ePC 38:5 ≤0.015 nmoles, PC 40:3 ≥0.001 nmoles, and PC 42:4 ≥0.0001 nmoles correlated with the presence of PCa. CONCLUSION In summary, we have demonstrated that ePC 38:5, PC 40:3, and PC 42:4 may serve as early predictive serum markers for the presence of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Patel
- Department of Laboratory Oncology Research, Memorial University Medical Center (MUMC) and Mercer University School of Medicine (MUSM), Anderson Cancer Institute, Savannah, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Robert Vogel
- Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Kumar Chandra-Kuntal
- Department of Laboratory Oncology Research, Memorial University Medical Center (MUMC) and Mercer University School of Medicine (MUSM), Anderson Cancer Institute, Savannah, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Wayne Glasgow
- Department of Laboratory Oncology Research, Memorial University Medical Center (MUMC) and Mercer University School of Medicine (MUSM), Anderson Cancer Institute, Savannah, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Uddhav Kelavkar
- Department of Laboratory Oncology Research, Memorial University Medical Center (MUMC) and Mercer University School of Medicine (MUSM), Anderson Cancer Institute, Savannah, Georgia, United States of America
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Aw Yong KM, Zeng Y, Vindivich D, Phillip JM, Wu PH, Wirtz D, Getzenberg RH. Morphological effects on expression of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), a marker of metastasis. J Cell Physiol 2014; 229:362-73. [PMID: 23996089 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells typically demonstrate altered morphology during the various stages of disease progression as well as metastasis. While much is known about how altered cell morphology in cancer is a result of genetic regulation, less is known about how changes in cell morphology affect cell function by influencing gene expression. In this study, we altered cell morphology in different types of cancer cells by disrupting the actin cytoskeleton or by modulating attachment and observed a rapid up-regulation of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), a member of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) super-family. Strikingly, this up-regulation was sustained as long as the cell morphology remained altered but was reversed upon allowing cell morphology to return to its typical configuration. The potential significance of these findings was examined in vivo using a mouse model: a small number of cancer cells grown in diffusion chambers that altered morphology increased mouse serum GDF15. Taken together, we propose that during the process of metastasis, cancer cells experience changes in cell morphology, resulting in the increased production and secretion of GDF15 into the surrounding environment. This indicates a possible relationship between serum GDF15 levels and circulating tumor cells may exist. Further investigation into the exact nature of this relationship is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koh Meng Aw Yong
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Department of Urology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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