51
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Pattnaik P, Babu JP, Verma SK, Tak V, Rao PVL. Bacterially expressed and refolded envelope protein (domain III) of dengue virus type-4 binds heparan sulfate. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2006; 846:184-94. [PMID: 17011249 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2006.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2006] [Revised: 08/04/2006] [Accepted: 08/29/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
An arboviral infection like dengue fever/dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) with high morbidity and mortality rate are extensively prevalent in several parts of the world. Global efforts have been directed towards development of vaccine for prevention of dengue. However, lack of thorough understanding about biology and pathogenesis of dengue virus restricts us from development of an effective vaccine. Here we report molecular interaction of domain III of envelope protein of dengue virus type-4 with heparan sulfate. A codon optimized synthetic gene encoding domain III of dengue virus type-4 envelope protein was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified under denaturing conditions, refolded and purified to homogeneity. Refolded Den4-DIII was characterized using biochemical and biophysical methods and shown to be pure and homogeneous. The purified protein was recognized in Western analyses by monoclonal antibody specific for the 6x His tag as well as the H241 monoclonal antibody. The in vitro refolded recombinant protein preparation was biologically functional and found to bind cell free heparan sulfate. This is the first report providing molecular evidence on binding of dengue-4 envelope protein to heparan sulfate. We developed a homology model of dengue-4 envelope protein (domain III) and mapped the possible amino acid residues critical for binding to heparan sulfate. Domain III envelope protein of dengue virus is a lead vaccine candidate. Our findings further the understanding on biology of dengue virus and will help in development of bioassay for the proposed vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyabrata Pattnaik
- Division of Virology, Defense Research and Development Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior 474002, India.
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52
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Raviprakash K, Apt D, Brinkman A, Skinner C, Yang S, Dawes G, Ewing D, Wu SJ, Bass S, Punnonen J, Porter K. A chimeric tetravalent dengue DNA vaccine elicits neutralizing antibody to all four virus serotypes in rhesus macaques. Virology 2006; 353:166-73. [PMID: 16814355 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2006.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2006] [Revised: 04/10/2006] [Accepted: 05/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
DNA shuffling and screening technologies were used to produce chimeric DNA constructs expressing antigens that shared epitopes from all four dengue serotypes. Three shuffled constructs (sA, sB and sC) were evaluated in the rhesus macaque model. Constructs sA and sC expressed pre-membrane and envelope genes, whereas construct sB expressed only the ectodomain of envelope protein. Five of six, and four of six animals vaccinated with sA and sC, respectively, developed antibodies that neutralized all 4 dengue serotypes in vitro. Four of six animals vaccinated with construct sB developed neutralizing antibodies against 3 serotypes (den-1, -2 and -3). When challenged with live dengue-1 or dengue-2 virus, partial protection against dengue-1 was observed. These results demonstrate the utility of DNA shuffling as an attractive tool to create tetravalent chimeric dengue DNA vaccine constructs, as well as a need to find ways to improve the immune responses elicited by DNA vaccines in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanakatte Raviprakash
- Viral Diseases Department, Naval Medical Research Center, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.
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53
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Mellado-Sánchez G, García-Cordero J, Luria-Pérez R, Lázaro-Olan L, Santos-Argumedo L, Gutiérrez-Castañeda B, Estrada-García I, Cedillo-Barrón L. DNA priming E and NS1 constructs--homologous proteins boosting immunization strategy to improve immune response against dengue in mice. Viral Immunol 2006; 18:709-21. [PMID: 16359237 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2005.18.709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA priming-protein boosting is a strategy used to establish strong immunity to a specific pathogen by the use of two different antigens through sequential delivery systems. In this work, two recombinant plasmids were used, one encoding for the dengue virus E protein, which is know to induce neutralizing antibodies (pcDNA 3.1/E), and the other encoding for the Dengue virus nonstructural protein 1 (pcDNA 3.1/NS1), as a source of B- and T-cell epitopes possibly involved in protective immunity. We showed that immunization of BALB/c mice with three priming doses of both plasmids pcDNA 3.1/E and/or pcDNA 3.1/NS1 were able to induce antibody responses to E protein with a single plasmid; in contrast to the antibody response to NS1 protein we observed an additive effect in terms of antibody response. Moreover, using a prime-boost protocol in which both plasmid constructs were co-administrated followed by a boost of homologous GST-E and GST-NS1 recombinant proteins, we observed an increased antibody response to NS1 and to E protein compared to animals vaccinated with the proteins or with dengue constructs alone. If neutralizing antibodies play an important role in dengue infection, antibodies generated with this regimen was also significantly better than the administration of the mix of proteins alone. These results suggest that NS1 and E proteins together could be considered in a design of subunit recombinant vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Mellado-Sánchez
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzadas del IPN, Mexico, DF Mexico
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54
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Dudek T, Knipe DM. Replication-defective viruses as vaccines and vaccine vectors. Virology 2006; 344:230-9. [PMID: 16364753 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2005.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2005] [Accepted: 09/10/2005] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The classical viral vaccine approaches using inactivated virus or live-attenuated virus have not been successful for some viruses, such as human immunodeficiency virus or herpes simplex virus. Therefore, new types of vaccines are needed to combat these infections. Replication-defective mutant viruses are defective for one or more functions that are essential for viral genome replication or synthesis and assembly of viral particles. These viruses are propagated in complementing cell lines expressing the missing gene product; however, in normal cells, they express viral gene products but do not replicate to form progeny virions. As vaccines, these mutant viruses have advantages of both classical types of viral vaccines in being as safe as inactivated virus but expressing viral antigens inside infected cells so that MHC class I and class II presentation can occur efficiently. Replication-defective viruses have served both as vaccines for the virus itself and as a vector for the expression of heterologous antigens. The potential advantages and disadvantages of these vaccines are discussed as well as contrasting them with single-cycle mutant virus vaccines and replicon/amplicon versions of vaccines. Replication-defective viruses have also served as important probes of the host immune response in helping to define the importance of the first round of infected cells in the host immune response, the mechanisms of activation of innate immune response, and the role of the complement pathway in humoral immune responses to viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Dudek
- Program in Biological Sciences and Public Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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55
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Mota J, Acosta M, Argotte R, Figueroa R, Méndez A, Ramos C. Induction of protective antibodies against dengue virus by tetravalent DNA immunization of mice with domain III of the envelope protein. Vaccine 2005; 23:3469-76. [PMID: 15837370 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2004] [Revised: 12/20/2004] [Accepted: 12/21/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Dengue fever is a growing public health concern around the world and despite vaccine development efforts, there are currently no effective dengue vaccines. In the present study we report the induction of protective antibodies against dengue virus by DNA immunization with domain III (DIII) region of the envelope protein (E) in a mouse model. The DIII region of all four dengue virus serotypes were cloned separately into pcDNA 3 plasmid. Protein expression was tested in COS-7 cells. Each plasmid, or a tetravalent combination, were used to immunize BALB/c mice by intramuscular route. Presence of specific antibodies was evaluated by ELISA, and neutralizing antibodies were tested using a cytopathogenic effect (CPE) inhibition assay in BHK-21 cells, as well as in newborn mice challenged intracranially with dengue 2 virus. Mice immunized with individual DIII constructs or the tetravalent formulation developed antibodies against each corresponding dengue serotype. Antibody titers by ELISA were similar for all serotypes and no significant differences were observed when boosters were administered, although antibody responses were dose-dependent. CPE inhibition assays using Den-2 virus showed neutralization titers of 1:10 in mice immunized with individual DIII plasmid or those immunized with the tetravalent formulations. 43% of newborn mice challenged with Den-2 in combination with sera from mice immunized with Den-2 DIII plasmid were protected, whereas sera from mice immunized with the tetravalent formulation conferred 87% protection. Our results suggest that DIII can be used as a tetravalent DNA formulation to induce neutralizing and protective antibodies against dengue virus.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral/biosynthesis
- Dengue/immunology
- Dengue/prevention & control
- Dengue Virus/drug effects
- Dengue Virus/genetics
- Dengue Virus/immunology
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Gene Products, env/genetics
- Gene Products, env/immunology
- Immunization
- Mice
- Vaccines, Combined/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Combined/immunology
- Vaccines, DNA/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, DNA/classification
- Vaccines, DNA/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Mota
- Departamento de Arbovirus, Centro de Investigaciones sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad No. 655, Col. Santa María Ahuacatitlán, CP 62508 Cuernavaca Morelos, México.
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56
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Mackenzie JS, Gubler DJ, Petersen LR. Emerging flaviviruses: the spread and resurgence of Japanese encephalitis, West Nile and dengue viruses. Nat Med 2005; 10:S98-109. [PMID: 15577938 DOI: 10.1038/nm1144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 858] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Mosquito-borne flaviviruses provide some of the most important examples of emerging and resurging diseases of global significance. Here, we describe three of them: the resurgence of dengue in tropical and subtropical areas of the world, and the spread and establishment of Japanese encephalitis and West Nile viruses in new habitats and environments. These three examples also illustrate the complexity of the various factors that contribute to their emergence, resurgence and spread. Whereas some of these factors are natural, such as bird migration, most are due to human activities, such as changes in land use, water impoundments and transportation, which result in changed epidemiological patterns. The three examples also show the ease with which mosquito-borne viruses can spread to and colonize new areas, and the need for continued international surveillance and improved public health infrastructure to meet future emerging disease threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Mackenzie
- Australian Biosecurity Cooperative Research Centre, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Western Australia.
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57
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Wyatt LS, Earl PL, Liu JY, Smith JM, Montefiori DC, Robinson HL, Moss B. Multiprotein HIV type 1 clade B DNA and MVA vaccines: construction, expression, and immunogenicity in rodents of the MVA component. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2004; 20:645-53. [PMID: 15242542 DOI: 10.1089/0889222041217428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) expressing SIV or SHIV Gag-Pol and Env, alone or in conjunction with a related DNA vaccine, effectively controls immunodeficiency virus infections in nonhuman primates. Here we describe the construction, characterization, and immunogenicity of MVA/HIV 48, a candidate HIV-1 clade B Gag-Pol-Env vaccine. A novel transfer vector was designed to allow the incorporation of HIV genes regulated by vaccinia virus promoters together with a reporter gene into a single site in the MVA genome and to automatically delete the reporter after the initial isolation of the recombinant MVA. MVA/HIV 48 contains chimeric HIV-1 HXB-2/BH10 gag-pol sequences, a deletion of integrase, inactivating point mutations in reverse transcriptase, and HIV-1 ADA env sequences with a truncation of most of the cytoplasmic domain to enhance expression on the plasma membrane. Cells infected with MVA/HIV 48 expressed HIV proteins, which were processed to the expected size. The Env was inserted into the plasma membrane and was functional in a CCR5 coreceptor-dependent cell fusion assay. Moreover, virus-like particles were released into the medium and budding particles containing Env were visualized by immunoelectron microscopy. Rodents that were immunized with MVA/HIV 48 produced antibodies, which neutralized a heterologous HIV-MN strain, and Gag-specific CD8 T cells. In the accompanying paper, we show that MVA/HIV 48 provided efficient boosting of an HIV DNA vaccine.
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MESH Headings
- AIDS Vaccines/genetics
- AIDS Vaccines/immunology
- Animals
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Gene Deletion
- Genes, Reporter
- Genes, Viral
- Genes, env
- Genes, gag
- Genes, pol
- Guinea Pigs
- HIV/genetics
- HIV Antibodies/blood
- Integrases/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Neutralization Tests
- Point Mutation
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/genetics
- RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/metabolism
- Recombination, Genetic
- Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/genetics
- Vaccines, DNA/genetics
- Vaccines, DNA/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda S Wyatt
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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58
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Jaiswal S, Khanna N, Swaminathan S. High-level expression and one-step purification of recombinant dengue virus type 2 envelope domain III protein in Escherichia coli. Protein Expr Purif 2004; 33:80-91. [PMID: 14680965 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2003.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2003] [Revised: 09/23/2003] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dengue virus infection poses a serious global public health threat for which there is currently no therapy or a licensed vaccine. The domain III of the dengue virus encoded envelope protein, which carries multiple conformation-dependent neutralizing epitopes, is critical for virus infectivity. We have expressed and purified recombinant domain III of dengue virus type-2 envelope, without the aid of a carrier protein in Escherichia coli. A 6x His tag was inserted at the N terminus to facilitate its one-step purification. The protein was overexpressed in the form of insoluble inclusion bodies, which were solubilized under highly denaturing conditions and then subjected to a previously optimized arginine-mediated renaturation protocol. We purified recombinant domain III protein to near homogeneity by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography and obtained yields of approximately 30 mg/L. The purified protein was recognized in Western analyses by monoclonal antibodies specific for the 6x His tag as well as the 3H5 neutralizing epitope known to reside in domain III. The authenticity of the recombinant protein was also verified in a sandwich ELISA designed to specifically and simultaneously identify the 6x His tag and the 3H5 epitope. In addition, murine and human polyclonal sera also recognized the recombinant protein. The in vitro refolded recombinant protein preparation was biologically functional. It could effectively protect cells in culture against dengue virus type-2 infection, apparently by blocking the virus from binding to host cells. This expression/purification strategy has the potential for inexpensive scale-up and may prove to be useful for dengue diagnostics and vaccine development efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Jaiswal
- RGP Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, PO Box 10504, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
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59
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Sandbulte MR, Platt R, Roth JA. T Cells from a High Proportion of Apparently Naive Cattle Can Be Activated by Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara (MVA). Viral Immunol 2004; 17:39-49. [PMID: 15018661 DOI: 10.1089/088282404322875449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) was used as a vector to express genes from bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV). Using these recombinant viruses as recall antigens for cells from BRSV-immuned cattle proved to be problematic because non-recombinant MVA itself frequently stimulated high levels of T lymphocyte activation. This phenomenon was observed in a high percentage of cattle from multiple herds. Gamma delta TCR(+) T cells were more sensitive to activation by MVA than other classes of T cells. A serological assay for MVA neutralization detected low, fluctuating titers of serum virus neutralizing (SVN) activity toward MVA in some cattle, but these were lower titers than those observed in cattle that underwent MVA vaccination. T cell reactivity in non-vaccinated cattle did not correlate significantly (p > 0.05) with SVN activity, undermining the notion that any adaptive immune response was responsible for the observed T cell sensitivity. More probable explanations are that MVA has mitogenic or superantigenic properties, or that the virus induces gammadelta TCR(+) T cell activation through interactions with innate pattern recognition receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Sandbulte
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA.
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60
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Jaiswal S, Khanna N, Swaminathan S. Replication-defective adenoviral vaccine vector for the induction of immune responses to dengue virus type 2. J Virol 2004; 77:12907-13. [PMID: 14610213 PMCID: PMC262593 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.77.23.12907-12913.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A recombinant replication-defective adenovirus vector that can overexpress the ectodomain of the envelope protein of dengue virus type 2 (NGC strain) has been constructed. This virus was immunogenic in mice and elicited dengue virus type 2 specific B- and T-cell responses. Sera from immunized mice contained neutralizing antibodies that could specifically recognize dengue virus type 2 and neutralize its infectivity in vitro, indicating that this approach has the potential to confer protective immunity. In vitro stimulation of splenocytes (from immunized mice) with dengue virus type 2 resulted in a significant proliferative response accompanied by the production of high levels of gamma interferon but did not show significant changes in interleukin-4 levels. This is suggestive of a Th1-like response (considered to be important in the maturation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes that are essential for the elimination of virus-infected cells). The data show that adenovirus vectors offer a promising alternative strategy for the development of dengue virus vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Jaiswal
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi 110067, India
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61
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Aspden K, Passmore JA, Tiedt F, Williamson AL. Evaluation of lumpy skin disease virus, a capripoxvirus, as a replication-deficient vaccine vector. J Gen Virol 2003; 84:1985-1996. [PMID: 12867628 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.19116-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV), a capripoxvirus with a host range limited to ruminants, was evaluated as a replication-deficient vaccine vector for use in non-ruminant hosts. By using the rabies virus glycoprotein (RG) as a model antigen, it was demonstrated that recombinant LSDV encoding the rabies glycoprotein (rLSDV-RG) was able to express RG in both permissive (ruminant) and non-permissive (non-ruminant) cells. The recombinant LSDV, however, replicated to maturity only in permissive but not in non-permissive cells. Recombinant LSDV-RG was assessed for its ability to generate immunity against RG in non-ruminant hosts (rabbits and mice). Rabbits inoculated with rLSDV-RG produced rabies virus (RV) neutralizing antibodies at levels twofold higher than those reported by the WHO to be protective. BALB/c mice immunized with rLSDV-RG elicited levels of RV-specific cellular immunity (T-cell proliferation) comparable with those of mice immunized with a commercial inactivated rabies vaccine (Verorab; Pasteur Merieux). Most importantly, mice immunized with rLSDV-RG were protected from an aggressive intracranial rabies virus challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Aspden
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Clinical Laboratory Science & Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jo-Ann Passmore
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Clinical Laboratory Science & Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Friedrich Tiedt
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Clinical Laboratory Science & Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Anna-Lise Williamson
- National Health Laboratory Service, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Clinical Laboratory Science & Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
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62
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Bisht H, Chugh DA, Raje M, Swaminathan SS, Khanna N. Recombinant dengue virus type 2 envelope/hepatitis B surface antigen hybrid protein expressed in Pichia pastoris can function as a bivalent immunogen. J Biotechnol 2002; 99:97-110. [PMID: 12270598 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1656(02)00181-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A truncated version of the dengue virus type 2 envelope protein (Den2E) encoding the first 395 amino acid (aa) residues, and Den2E fused in-frame with the full-length 226-aa hepatitis B surface antigen (Den2E-HBsAg) protein were expressed in the methylotrophic yeast, Pichia pastoris. Both the recombinant proteins showed evidence of the capacity to form high molecular weight aggregates. Electron microscopic analysis of the purified proteins showed that while Den2E displayed an amorphous morphology, Den2E-HBsAg existed as well-structured virus-like particles (VLPs). Using immuno-gold electron microscopy, these VLPs were demonstrated to contain both components of the Den2E-HBsAg hybrid protein. Seroanalysis showed that the hybrid VLPs could function in vivo as bivalent immunogens, which could elicit immune responses directed against both components of the hybrid protein, as evidenced by ELISA, immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himani Bisht
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, RGP Laboratory, PO Box 10504, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
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63
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Corona Gutierrez CM, Tinoco A, López Contreras M, Navarro T, Calzado P, Vargas L, Reyes L, Posternak R, Rosales R. Clinical protocol. A phase II study: efficacy of the gene therapy of the MVA E2 recombinant virus in the treatment of precancerous lesions (NIC I and NIC II) associated with infection of oncogenic human papillomavirus. Hum Gene Ther 2002; 13:1127-40. [PMID: 12067445 DOI: 10.1089/104303402753812520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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64
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Konishi E, Fujii A. Dengue type 2 virus subviral extracellular particles produced by a stably transfected mammalian cell line and their evaluation for a subunit vaccine. Vaccine 2002; 20:1058-67. [PMID: 11803066 DOI: 10.1016/s0264-410x(01)00446-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A dengue subunit vaccine candidate was developed using a mammalian cell line continuously expressing subviral extracellular particles (EPs) of the New Guinea C (NGC) strain of dengue type 2 virus. The cell line, designated D cell line, maintained envelope (E) antigen production for at least 10 passages. The EPs contained an E protein biochemically and antigenically equivalent to authentic E produced by NGC-infected Vero cells. Two immunizations of BALB/c mice with purified EPs containing 100ng or 400ng of E induced moderate levels of neutralizing antibody and anamnestic neutralizing antibody responses were produced when these animals were challenged with dengue virus. The yield of E antigen from D cells was comparable to that from NGC-infected Vero cells. When D cells were transfected with the anti-apoptotic bcl-2 gene, the E antigen release increased approximately two-fold. These results indicate that D cell EPs are a promising non-infectious vaccine antigen for dengue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Konishi
- Department of Health Sciences, Kobe University School of Medicine, 7-10-2 Tomogaoka, Suma-ku, 654-0142, Kobe, Japan.
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65
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Abstract
Although there are approximately 68 flaviviruses recognized, vaccines have been developed to control very few human flavivirus diseases. Licensed live attenuated vaccines have been developed for yellow fever (strain 17D) and Japanese encephalitis (strain SA14-14-2) viruses, and inactivated vaccines have been developed for Japanese encephalitis and tick-borne encephalitis viruses. The yellow fever live attenuated 17D vaccine is one of the most efficacious and safe vaccines developed to date and has been used to immunize more than 300 million people. A number of experimental vaccines are being developed, most notably for dengue. Candidate tetravalent live attenuated dengue vaccines are undergoing clinical trials. Other vaccines are being developed using reverse genetics, DNA vaccines, and recombinant immunogens. In addition, the yellow fever 17D vaccine has been used as a backbone to generate chimeric viruses containing the premembrane and envelope protein genes from other flaviviruses. The "Chimerivax" platform has been used to construct chimeric Japanese encephalitis and dengue viruses that are in different phases of development. Similar strategies are being used by other laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Barrett
- Department of Pathology and Center for Tropical Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77555-0609, USA.
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66
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Baize S, Marianneau P, Georges-Courbot MC, Deubel V. Recent advances in vaccines against viral haemorrhagic fevers. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2001; 14:513-8. [PMID: 11964870 DOI: 10.1097/00001432-200110000-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Development of vaccines against viral haemorrhagic fevers is a public health priority. Recent advances in our knowledge of pathogenesis and of the immune responses elicited by these viruses emphasize the crucial role of the immune system in the control of infection, but also its probable involvement in pathogenesis. Several vaccine candidates against viral haemorrhagic fevers have been evaluated in animals during the past year. Together, these data suggest that a vaccine approach against viral haemorrhagic fevers is feasible, should induce well-balanced immune responses with cellular and humoral components, and should avoid the potential deleterious effects that are associated with such immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Baize
- Unit of Biology of Emerging Viral Infections, Mérieux-Pasteur Research Centre, Lyon, France
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67
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Bisht H, Chugh DA, Swaminathan S, Khanna N. Expression and purification of Dengue virus type 2 envelope protein as a fusion with hepatitis B surface antigen in Pichia pastoris. Protein Expr Purif 2001; 23:84-96. [PMID: 11570849 DOI: 10.1006/prep.2001.1474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The methylotrophic yeast, Pichia pastoris, has been used as a host to express the envelope protein (Den2E) of dengue type 2 virus (NGC strain) as a chimera with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg): a protein known to self assemble into virus-like particles (VLPs) and to be efficiently expressed in P. pastoris. The Den2E gene used in this study is a truncated version encoding the first 395 amino acid (aa) residues of the mature Den2E protein; the HBsAg gene encodes the full length 226 aa HBsAg protein. Two in-frame gene fusions were constructed for intracellular expression in P. pastoris. The first one contains the HBsAg gene as the 5' partner and the Den2E gene as the 3'partner (HBsAg-Den2E). In the second one, the relative positions of the two partners of the gene fusion were reversed to create the hybrid Den2E-HBsAg gene. These fusion genes were integrated into the genome of P. pastoris under the control of the methanol-inducible alcohol oxidase (AOX1) promoter. Of the two fusions, the Den2E-HBsAg gene was expressed at higher levels in P. pastoris based on Northern analysis. The hybrid protein ( approximately 68 kDa) expressed by this clone was purified to near homogeneity using a combination of acid precipitation, hydrophobic interaction, and immunoaffinity chromatographic steps. Final purification achieved was approximately 1400-fold with a yield of approximately 26%. The chimeric protein was found to possess the ability to assemble into high molecular weight aggregates (akin to HBsAg particles). The recombinant fusion protein eluted close to the void volume of a Sepharose CL-4B column indicating its macromolecular nature. On a CsCl density gradient the recombinant fusion protein sedimented to a position very similar to that of HBsAg VLPs. The hybrid protein is recognized by the two neutralizing monoclonals against the two components of the chimeric protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Bisht
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
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