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Labrada M, Clavell M, Bebelagua Y, León JD, Alonso DF, Gabri MR, Veloso RC, Vérez V, Fernández LE. Direct validation of NGcGM3 ganglioside as a new target for cancer immunotherapy. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2010; 10:153-62. [PMID: 20088712 DOI: 10.1517/14712590903443084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The target concept means not only an aberrant expression of a particular molecule in tumour tissues but also evidence of a clear therapeutic advantage, as a consequence of immune-intervention, in an antigen-positive relevant tumour model. Since we reported the presence of NGcGM3 ganglioside in human breast tumours years ago and though Phase I clinical trials of a ganglioside containing vaccine have been conducted, a definitive direct validation of this peculiar molecule as target for cancer immunotherapy has remained unperformed. METHODS Two animal models were used: leghorn chickens and C57BL/6 mice. The murine 3LL-D122 cell line, the derived subcutaneous tumours and metastatic lung lesions were processed for gangliosides identification. Active immunotherapy experiments in the 3LL-D122 spontaneous lung metastasis model were performed with NGcGM3/VSSP vaccine prepared by conjugation of NGcGM3 with the outer membrane proteins of Neisseria meningitides. RESULTS The 3LL-D122 Lewis lung carcinoma results were consistent with an increased expression of NGcGM3 from primary tumours to metastatic lesions, as observed in human breast cancer samples. Both vaccines, prepared with synthetic or natural-source-derived ganglioside, showed similar anti-tumour and immunogenicity profiles. Finally, a clear involvement of NK1.1(+) cells and CD8(+) T cells in the anti-metastatic effect elicited by the vaccine was manifested. CONCLUSIONS While 'proof of concept' Phase II and III clinical trials with the NGcGM3/VSSP vaccine in cancer patients are currently ongoing these results reasonably sustain the validation of this peculiar ganglioside as a novel target for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayrel Labrada
- Center of Molecular Immunology, Vaccine Department, 216 St and 15th Ave., Atabey, Playa, P. O. Box 16040, Havana, 11600, Cuba.
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52
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Synthesis of 2-aminoethyl 3′-(N-glycolylneuraminyl)-β-actoside and neoglycoconjugates based thereon — a prototype of a cancer vaccine and artificial antigens for the control of immune response. Russ Chem Bull 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-010-0032-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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53
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Cao H, Muthana S, Li Y, Cheng J, Chen X. Parallel chemoenzymatic synthesis of sialosides containing a C5-diversified sialic acid. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:5869-71. [PMID: 19740656 PMCID: PMC2753693 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.08.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2009] [Revised: 08/19/2009] [Accepted: 08/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A convenient chemoenzymatic strategy for synthesizing sialosides containing a C5-diversified sialic acid was developed. The alpha2,3- and alpha2,6-linked sialosides containing a 5-azido neuraminic acid synthesized by a highly efficient one-pot three-enzyme approach were converted to C5''-amino sialosides, which were used as common intermediates for chemical parallel synthesis to quickly generate a series of sialosides containing various sialic acid forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhi Cao
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616
| | - Saddam Muthana
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616
| | - Yanhong Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616
| | - Jiansong Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616
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Huflejt ME, Vuskovic M, Vasiliu D, Xu H, Obukhova P, Shilova N, Tuzikov A, Galanina O, Arun B, Lu K, Bovin N. Anti-carbohydrate antibodies of normal sera: findings, surprises and challenges. Mol Immunol 2009; 46:3037-49. [PMID: 19608278 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2009.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2009] [Accepted: 06/10/2009] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We have used microchip format glycan array to characterize the individual carbohydrate recognition patterns by antibodies (Ab) in sera of 106 healthy donors. The glycan library included blood group antigens and other most frequent terminal oligosaccharides and their cores of mammalian N- and O-linked glycoproteins and glycolipids, tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens, and common components of bacterial/pathogenic polysaccharides and lipopolysaccharides, totally 205 glycans. The serum Ab interacted with at least 50 normal human glyco-motifs. Apart from expected blood group-, xeno- (heterophil) and infection-related binding activities, we observed a number of new and unexpected features. The surprising, relatively high antibody binding was found to the blood group P(1) and P(k) trisaccharides and H(type 2) trisaccharide. Novel and very high binding activities have been observed towards Galbeta1-3GlcNAc (Le(C)) related glycans, especially 3'-O-Su-Le(C), and towards 4'-O-sulfated lactosamine. Relatively high and uniform Ab binding to GalNAcalpha1-3Gal disaccharide demonstrated absence of correlation with fucosylated blood group A GalNAcalpha1-3(Fucalpha1-2)Gal antigen-similarly to well known relationship between Galalpha1-3Gal and true, fucosylated blood group B Galalpha1-3(Fucalpha1-2)Gal antigen. The binding intensity to Galalpha1-3Galbeta1-4GlcNAc xenoantigen was shown to be rather modest. Absence or very low Ab binding was found against oligosialic acid, sialooligosaccharides except SiaT(n), type 2 backbone glycans such as Le(y), and biantennary N-chain as well as its truncated forms, i.e. without terminal Sia, SiaGal, and SiaGalGlcNAc motifs. We have also found that Ab are capable of recognizing the short inner core typical for glycolipids (-Galbeta1-4Glc) and glycoproteins (-GalNAcalpha) as a fragment of bigger glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret E Huflejt
- New York University School of Medicine, Dept. of Cardiothoracic Surgery, New York, NY 10016, USA
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55
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Suriano R, Ghosh SK, Chaudhuri D, Mittelman A, Banerjee A, Tiwari RK. Sialic acid content of tissue-specific gp96 and its potential role in modulating gp96-macrophage interactions. Glycobiology 2009; 19:1427-35. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwp096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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56
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Barkauskas DA, An HJ, Kronewitter SR, de Leoz ML, Chew HK, de Vere White RW, Leiserowitz GS, Miyamoto S, Lebrilla CB, Rocke DM. Detecting glycan cancer biomarkers in serum samples using MALDI FT-ICR mass spectrometry data. Bioinformatics 2008; 25:251-7. [PMID: 19073586 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btn610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION The development of better tests to detect cancer in its earliest stages is one of the most sought-after goals in medicine. Especially important are minimally invasive tests that require only blood or urine samples. By profiling oligosaccharides cleaved from glycosylated proteins shed by tumor cells into the blood stream, we hope to determine glycan profiles that will help identify cancer patients using a simple blood test. The data in this article were generated using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (MALDI FT-ICR MS). We have developed novel methods for analyzing this type of mass spectrometry data and applied it to eight datasets from three different types of cancer (breast, ovarian and prostate). RESULTS The techniques we have developed appear to be effective in the analysis of MALDI FT-ICR MS data. We found significant differences between control and cancer groups in all eight datasets, including two structurally related compounds that were found to be significantly different between control and cancer groups in all three types of cancer studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald A Barkauskas
- Graduate Group in Biostatistics with a Designated Emphasis in Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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57
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Affiliation(s)
- N Tao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616, USA
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58
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Crich D, Wu B. Stereoselective iterative one-pot synthesis of N-glycolylneuraminic acid-containing oligosaccharides. Org Lett 2008; 10:4033-5. [PMID: 18715011 PMCID: PMC2726932 DOI: 10.1021/ol801548k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The use of an N-acyloxazolidinone-protected S-adamantanyl thiosialoside allows the highly stereoselective, one-pot multicomponent synthesis of alpha-sialoside-based oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Crich
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA.
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59
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Lin SY, Chen YY, Fan YY, Lin CW, Chen ST, Wang AHJ, Khoo KH. Precise Mapping of Increased Sialylation Pattern and the Expression of Acute Phase Proteins Accompanying Murine Tumor Progression in BALB/c Mouse by Integrated Sera Proteomics and Glycomics. J Proteome Res 2008; 7:3293-303. [DOI: 10.1021/pr800093b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yu Lin
- NRPGM Core Facilities for Proteomic Research, and Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Yun Chen
- NRPGM Core Facilities for Proteomic Research, and Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Yun Fan
- NRPGM Core Facilities for Proteomic Research, and Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Lin
- NRPGM Core Facilities for Proteomic Research, and Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Shui-Tsung Chen
- NRPGM Core Facilities for Proteomic Research, and Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Andrew H.-J. Wang
- NRPGM Core Facilities for Proteomic Research, and Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Kay-Hooi Khoo
- NRPGM Core Facilities for Proteomic Research, and Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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60
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Landolt GA, Olsen CW. Up to new tricks - a review of cross-species transmission of influenza A viruses. Anim Health Res Rev 2007; 8:1-21. [PMID: 17692139 DOI: 10.1017/s1466252307001272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Influenza is a highly contagious disease that has burdened both humans and animals since ancient times. In humans, the most dramatic consequences of influenza are associated with periodically occurring pandemics. Pandemics require the emergence of an antigenically novel virus to which the majority of the population lacks protective immunity. Historically, influenza A viruses from animals have contributed to the generation of human pandemic viruses and they may do so again in the future. It is, therefore, critical to understand the epidemiological and molecular mechanisms that allow influenza A viruses to cross species barriers. This review summarizes the current knowledge of influenza ecology, and the viral factors that are thought to determine influenza A virus species specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele A Landolt
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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61
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Hamilton SR, Gerngross TU. Glycosylation engineering in yeast: the advent of fully humanized yeast. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2007; 18:387-92. [PMID: 17951046 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2007.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2007] [Accepted: 09/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Yeasts have been extensively used as model organisms to elucidate cellular processes and their mechanism in lower eukaryotes. Consequently, a large number of powerful genetic tools have been developed to engineer yeast and improve its utility. These tools and the development of efficient large-scale fermentation processes have made recombinant protein expression in yeast an attractive choice. However, for the production of glycoproteins for human use, native high-mannose yeast glycosylation is not suitable and therefore represents a major limitation for yeast based protein expression systems. Over the last two decades several groups have attempted to overcome this problem, yet with limited success. Recently however, major advances in the glycoengineering of the yeast Pichia pastoris, have culminated in the production of fully humanized sialylated glycoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R Hamilton
- GlycoFi, Inc., 21 Lafayette Street (Suite 200), Lebanon, NH 03766, United States
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62
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Pabst M, Bondili JS, Stadlmann J, Mach L, Altmann F. Mass + Retention Time = Structure: A Strategy for the Analysis ofN-Glycans by Carbon LC-ESI-MS and Its Application to FibrinN-Glycans. Anal Chem 2007; 79:5051-7. [PMID: 17539604 DOI: 10.1021/ac070363i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of the numerous possible, often isobaric structures of protein-bound oligosaccharides calls for a high-performance two-dimensional method that combines liquid chromatography's ability to separate isomers and mass spectrometry's ability to determine glycan composition. Here we investigate the usefulness of porous graphitic carbon columns coupled to ESI-MS for the separation of N-glycans with two or more sialic acids. Internal standards helped to rectify retention time fluctuations and thus allowed elution times to play an essential role in the structural assignment of peaks. For generation of a retention time library, standards representing the possible isomers of diantennary non-, mono-, and disialylated N-glycans, differing in the linkage of galactose and sialic acids as well as isobaric hybrid-type N-glycans, were produced using recombinant glycosyltransferases. Once the retention times library was established, isomers could be identified by LC-ESI-MS in the positive mode without additional MS/MS experiments. The method was applied for the detailed structural analysis of fibrin(ogen) N-glycans from various species (human, cow, pig, mouse, rat, cat, dog, Chinese hamster, horse, sheep, and chicken). All fibrins contained diantennary N-glycans. They differed in the occurrence of beta1,3-linked galactose, alpha2,3-linked sialic acids, and N-glycolylneuraminic acid, in the mono/diantennary glycan ratio, and in the O-acetylation of neuraminic acids. The separation system's potential for analyzing tri- and tetrasialylated N-glycans was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Pabst
- Biochemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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63
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Hong Z, Liu L, Hsu CC, Wong CH. Three-step synthesis of sialic acids and derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 45:7417-21. [PMID: 17031889 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200601555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhangyong Hong
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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64
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Okamura M, Yokoyama N, Takabatake N, Okubo K, Ikehara Y, Igarashi I. Babesia bovis: Subcellular localization of host erythrocyte membrane components during their asexual growth. Exp Parasitol 2007; 116:91-4. [PMID: 17207481 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2006.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2006] [Revised: 11/08/2006] [Accepted: 11/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the subcellular localization of the host red blood cell (RBC) membrane components, the alpha2-3-linked sialic acid (SA) residues and the lipid bilayer, was observed during the asexual growth of Babesia bovis using two erythrocyte probes, the SA-specific lectin (MALII) and the lipophilic fluorescent (PKH2) probes, respectively. In confocal laser scanning microscopy with MALII, the SA residues on the surface of parasitized RBCs appeared to accumulate into the intracellular parasites as the parasites matured as well as to remain on the surface of extracellular parasites. Furthermore, when PKH2-labeled RBCs were infected with B. bovis, PKH2 signals were also observed around both the intracellular and the extracellular parasites, similarly to the results of MALII. These results indicated that the components derived from the host erythrocyte membrane are incorporated into the intracellular parasites during their asexual growth within the parasitized RBC, suggesting the possible formation of a parasitophorous vacuole-based network or a parasite surface coat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Okamura
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
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65
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TAKABATAKE N, OKAMURA M, YOKOYAMA N, OKUBO K, IKEHARA Y, IGARASHI I. Involvement of a Host Erythrocyte Sialic Acid Content in Babesia bovis Infection. J Vet Med Sci 2007; 69:999-1004. [DOI: 10.1292/jvms.69.999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki TAKABATAKE
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine
| | - Masashi OKAMURA
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine
| | - Naoaki YOKOYAMA
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine
| | - Kazuhiro OKUBO
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine
| | - Yuzuru IKEHARA
- Research Center for Glycoscience, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
| | - Ikuo IGARASHI
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine
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66
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Hong Z, Liu L, Hsu CC, Wong CH. Three-Step Synthesis of Sialic Acids and Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200601555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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67
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Snovida SI, Chen VC, Perreault H. Use of a 2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic Acid/Aniline MALDI Matrix for Improved Detection and On-Target Derivatization of Glycans: A Preliminary Report. Anal Chem 2006; 78:8561-8. [PMID: 17165854 DOI: 10.1021/ac061375r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
N-Linked glycans derived from human and bovine alpha1-acid glycoprotein, as well as chicken egg white albumin, were analyzed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry using a novel MALDI matrix consisting of 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB) and aniline. A significant increase in signal was observed for these oligosaccharides relative to the signal obtained when unmodified DHB was used as a matrix for the same set of samples. The use of aniline/DHB matrix also led to facile on-target derivatization of the glycans via nonreductive amination, as aniline was found to form a stable Schiff base with the reducing end GlcNAc residue without the need for prolonged incubation periods and elevated temperatures. Both native and derivatized glycans ionized as sodium adducts and had similar MS/MS fragmentation patterns consisting mainly of Y/B-cleavage ions. In our experiments, we obtained evidence for persistence of the derivatization reaction in the solid phase; i.e., the reaction appeared to be taking place even after the sample-matrix spot had dried. This is the first report on such solid-phase on-target derivatization of carbohydrates for subsequent analysis by MALDI mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei I Snovida
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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68
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Synthesis of 3-aminopropyl β-glycoside of sialyl-3′-lactose and derived neoglycoconjugates as a tumor vaccine prototype and artificial antigens for the control of immune response. Russ Chem Bull 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-006-0554-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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69
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An HJ, Miyamoto S, Lancaster KS, Kirmiz C, Li B, Lam KS, Leiserowitz GS, Lebrilla CB. Profiling of glycans in serum for the discovery of potential biomarkers for ovarian cancer. J Proteome Res 2006; 5:1626-35. [PMID: 16823970 DOI: 10.1021/pr060010k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A glycomic approach is developed to identify oligosaccharide markers for ovarian cancer by rapidly profiling globally released oligosaccharides. Glycoproteins shed by cancer cells are found in the supernatant (or conditioned media) of cultured cells. In this approach, shed glycoproteins are profiled for their oligosaccharide content using beta-elimination conditions. Changes in glycosylation are monitored by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (MALDI-FTICR-MS). Because shed glycoproteins would also be found in serum, similar glycan profiling was performed to observe potential oligosaccharide markers. Oligosaccharide profiling data on a limited set of patient and normal serum samples were studied to determine potential glycan markers in ovarian cancer. We were able to demonstrate the presence of at least 15 unique serum glycan markers in all patients but absent in normal individuals. To determine the structure of the glycan biomarkers, a number of the ions were isolated and further analyzed using infrared multiphoton dissociation (IRMPD). One major advantage of this approach is that glycans are examined directly from patient sera without the need to obtain cancer biopsy specimens or to purify glycosylated proteins from these specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Joo An
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis Cancer Center, California 95616, USA
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70
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Snovida SI, Chen VC, Krokhin O, Perreault H. Isolation and Identification of Sialylated Glycopeptides from Bovine α1-Acid Glycoprotein by Off-Line Capillary Electrophoresis MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2006; 78:6556-63. [PMID: 16970334 DOI: 10.1021/ac060738k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sialylated glycopeptides contained in liquid chromatographic fractions of bovine alpha1-glycoprotein tryptic digests were isolated from asialo peptides using capillary electrophoresis (CE). CE effluents were deposited directly onto a metallic target and analyzed using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry. This method allowed the characterization of four N-glycosylation sites in the glycoprotein, and each site was observed as a set of sialylated peptide glycoforms. Tandem mass spectrometry was used to confirm peptide sequences and glycan content in glycoforms. The CE method developed for this study resulted in a very clear separation of the sialylated from the asialo content of glycoprotein digests and proved very useful in the determination of the nature and location of sialylated glycans along the protein chain. This article is the first report describing the use of on-target CE fraction collection using a MALDI removable sample concentrator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei I Snovida
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2
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71
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Yokoyama N, Okamura M, Igarashi I. Erythrocyte invasion by Babesia parasites: Current advances in the elucidation of the molecular interactions between the protozoan ligands and host receptors in the invasion stage. Vet Parasitol 2006; 138:22-32. [PMID: 16504403 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
During an asexual growth cycle of Babesia parasites in a natural host, the extracellular merozoites invade (i.e., attach to, penetrate, and internalize) the host erythrocytes (RBC) via multiple adhesive interactions of several protozoan ligands with the target receptors on the host cell surface. After internalizing the host RBC, they asexually multiply, egress from the RBC by rupturing the host cells, and then invade the new RBC again. In the invasion stage, several surface-coating molecules of merozoites might be involved in the initial attachment to the RBC, while proteins secreted from apical organelles (rhoptry, microneme, and spherical body) are proposed to play roles mainly in erythrocyte penetration or internalization. On the other hand, several components located on the surface of the RBC, such as sialic acid residues, protease-sensitive proteins, or sulphated glycosaminoglycans, are identified or suspected as the host receptors of erythrocyte invasion by Babesia parasites. The detailed molecular interactions between Babesia merozoites and the host RBC are incompletely understood. In this review, these identified or suspected molecules (protozoan ligands/erythrocyte receptors) are described by especially focusing on Babesia bovis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoaki Yokoyama
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
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72
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An HJ, Ninonuevo M, Aguilan J, Liu H, Lebrilla CB, Alvarenga LS, Mannis MJ. Glycomics analyses of tear fluid for the diagnostic detection of ocular rosacea. J Proteome Res 2006; 4:1981-7. [PMID: 16335942 DOI: 10.1021/pr0501620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A Glycomics approach to detect disease is illustrated in the analyses of human tear fluid for rosacea. The diagnosis of ocular rosacea is particularly challenging in a subgroup of patients that do not present with typical facial skin findings but have ocular signs and symptoms. Indeed, up to 90% of patients with ocular rosacea may have neither obvious roseatic skin changes nor a previous diagnosis of rosacea. Tear fluid was collected from 37 subjects (21 controls and 16 patients with ocular rosacea) after conjunctival stimulation with filter (Schirmer) paper. O-linked oligosaccharides were released from tear fluid by beta-elimination and then purified using solid-phase extraction. Mass spectra were recorded on an external source HiResMALDI with a 7.0 T magnet. Mass spectra were obtained in both the positive and negative modes. However, signals were stronger in the negative mode. Tear fluid samples from rosacea patients yielded distinctive clusters of peaks that extend to higher masses. Patients with rosacea presented several oligomeric series that were not found in the controls. To discriminate the ocular rosacea cases from the normal controls, the sum of absolute intensities of 13 series corresponding to nearly 50 identified mass spectrum peaks was used. Thirty-six out of the 37 samples were correctly classified. This yields a sensitivity of 100% (95% CI 79.5-100) and specificity of 95.2% (95% CI 76.2-99.9). The high abundance of oligosaccharides in the tear fluid of patients with rosacea may lead to an objective diagnostic marker for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Joo An
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
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73
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Okamura M, Yokoyama N, Wickramathilaka NPALK, Takabatake N, Ikehara Y, Igarashi I. Babesia caballi and Babesia equi: Implications of host sialic acids in erythrocyte infection. Exp Parasitol 2005; 110:406-11. [PMID: 15869756 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2005.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2004] [Revised: 03/24/2005] [Accepted: 03/29/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the involvement of host sialic acids in the erythrocyte infection by two equine Babesia parasites, Babesia equi and Babesia caballi. We observed that the in vitro growth of both parasites is influenced by the removal of sialic acids from the surface of equine erythrocytes (RBC). When the parasites were cultured with neuraminidase (Nm, EC 3.2.1.18)-treated RBC, in which alpha2-3-linked sialic acid residues were removed from four membrane proteins of the RBC, B. caballi showed a significant inhibition of the erythrocyte invasion, while the intracellular development of B. equi seemed to be significantly affected. The possible involvement of host sialic acid in the erythrocyte invasion by B. caballi was also supported by a significant reduction in the parasite growth accompanied by an increased number of extracellular merozoites after the addition of exogenous 3'-sialyllactose (Neu5Acalpha(2-3)Galbeta(1-4)Glc) into the culture. These results suggest that the alpha2-3-linked sialic acid residues on host RBC play important roles in the erythrocyte infections by B. caballi and B. equi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Okamura
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Hokkaido, Japan
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74
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Liu J, Gustafsson A, Breimer ME, Kussak A, Holgersson J. Anti-pig antibody adsorption efficacy of {alpha}-Gal carrying recombinant P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1/immunoglobulin chimeras increases with core 2 {beta}1, 6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase expression. Glycobiology 2004; 15:571-83. [PMID: 15625182 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwi037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously described the construction of a P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1-mouse immunoglobulin Fc fusion protein, which when transiently coexpressed with the porcine alpha1,3 galactosyltransferase in COS cells becomes a very efficient adsorber of xenoreactive, anti-pig antibodies. To relate the adsorption capacity with the glycan expression of individual fusion proteins produced in different cell lines, stable CHO-K1, COS, and 293T cells producing this fusion protein have been engineered. On alpha1,3 galactosyltransferase coexpression, high-affinity adsorbers were produced by both COS and 293T cells, whereas an adsorber of lower affinity was derived from CHO-K1 cells. Stable coexpression of a core 2 beta1,6 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase in CHO-K1 cells led to increased alpha-Gal epitope density and improved anti-pig antibody adsorption efficacy. ESI-MS/MS of O-glycans released from PSGL-1/mIgG(2b) produced in an alpha1,3 galactosyl- and core 2 beta1,6 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase expressing CHO-K1 cell clone revealed a number of structures with carbohydrate sequences consistent with terminal Gal-Gal. In contrast, no O-glycan structures with terminal Gal-Gal were identified on the fusion protein when expressed alone or in combination with the alpha1,3 galactosyltransferase in CHO-K1 cells. In conclusion, the density of alpha-Gal epitopes on PSGL-1/mIgG(2b) was dependent on the expression of O-linked glycans with core 2 structures and lactosamine extensions. The structural complexity of the terminal Gal-Gal expressing O-glycans with both neutral as well as sialic acid-containing structures is likely to contribute to the high adsorption efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jining Liu
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, S-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
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75
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Borromeo V, Amsterdam A, Berrini A, Gaggioli D, Dantes A, Secchi C. Characterization of biologically active bovine pituitary FSH purified by immunoaffinity chromatography using a monoclonal antibody. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2004; 139:179-89. [PMID: 15504397 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2004.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2004] [Revised: 07/20/2004] [Accepted: 09/08/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A substantial amount of highly purified, biologically active bovine FSH was isolated from pituitary extracts by immunoaffinity chromatography based on a novel anti-bovine FSH beta-subunit monoclonal antibody. The biological activity was assessed in vitro using a steroidogenic granulosa cell line constitutively expressing the FSH receptor. Amino acid analysis, N-terminal amino acid sequencing, and peptide mass mapping demonstrated that primary structure modifications do not contribute to the heterogeneity of bovine FSH. The monosaccharide composition of the N-linked oligosaccharides was quantified and remarkably two distinct forms of sialic acids, N-acetyl- and N-glycolyl-neuraminic acids were found. In conclusion, we showed that isoform differences in bovine FSH is likely due only to sugar chain heterogeneity, and we give the first evidence that two substituted sialic acids contribute to the diversity of mammalian glycoprotein hormone isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaliano Borromeo
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Hygiene and Health, Biochemistry and Physiology Unit, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, I-20133 Milan, Italy
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76
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Finch CE, Stanford CB. Meat‐Adaptive Genes and the Evolution of Slower Aging in Humans. QUARTERLY REVIEW OF BIOLOGY 2004; 79:3-50. [PMID: 15101252 DOI: 10.1086/381662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The chimpanzee life span is shorter than that of humans, which is consistent with a faster schedule of aging. We consider aspects of diet that may have selected for genes that allowed the evolution of longer human life spans with slower aging. Diet has changed remarkably during human evolution. All direct human ancestors are believed to have been largely herbivorous. Chimpanzees eat more meat than other great apes, but in captivity are sensitive to hypercholesterolemia and vascular disease. We argue that this dietary shift to increased regular consumption of fatty animal tissues in the course of hominid evolution was mediated by selection for "meat-adaptive" genes. This selection conferred resistance to disease risks associated with meat eating also increased life expectancy. One candidate gene is apolipoprotein E (apoE), with the E3 allele evolved in the genus Homo that reduces the risks for Alzheimer's and vascular disease, as well as influencing inflammation, infection, and neuronal growth. Other evolved genes mediate lipid metabolism and host defense. The timing of the evolution of apoE and other candidates for meat-adaptive genes is discussed in relation to key events in human evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb E Finch
- Andrus Gerontology Center, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA.
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77
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Krengel U, Olsson LL, Martínez C, Talavera A, Rojas G, Mier E, Angström J, Moreno E. Structure and Molecular Interactions of a Unique Antitumor Antibody Specific for N-Glycolyl GM3. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:5597-603. [PMID: 14627696 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m311693200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
N-glycolyl GM3 ganglioside is an attractive target antigen for cancer immunotherapy, because this epitope is a molecular marker of certain tumor cells and not expressed in normal human tissues. The murine monoclonal antibody 14F7 specifically recognizes N-glycolyl GM3 and shows no cross-reactivity with the abundant N-acetyl GM3 ganglioside, a close structural homologue of N-glycolyl GM3. Here, we report the crystal structure of the 14F7 Fab fragment at 2.5 A resolution and its molecular model with the saccharide moiety of N-glycolyl GM3, NeuGcalpha3Galbeta4Glcbeta. Fab 14F7 contains a very long CDR H3 loop, which divides the antigen-binding site of this antibody into two subsites. In the docking model, the saccharide ligand is bound to one of these subsites, formed solely by heavy chain residues. The discriminative feature of N-glycolyl GM3 versus N-acetyl GM3, its hydroxymethyl group, is positioned in a hydrophilic cavity, forming hydrogen bonds with the carboxyl group of Asp H52, the indole NH of Trp H33 and the hydroxyl group of Tyr H50. For the hydrophobic methyl group of N-acetyl GM3, this environment would not be favorable, explaining why the antibody specifically recognizes N-glycolyl GM3, but not N-acetyl GM3. Mutation of Asp H52 to hydrophobic residues of similar size completely abolished binding. Our model of the antibodycarbohydrate complex is consistent with binding data for several tested glycolipids as well as for a variety of 14F7 mutants with replaced VL domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ute Krengel
- Department of Chemistry and Biosciences, Chalmers University of Technology, P. O. Box 462, SE-40530 Göteborg, Sweden.
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78
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van Eijk M, White MR, Batenburg JJ, Vaandrager AB, van Golde LMG, Haagsman HP, Hartshorn KL. Interactions of influenza A virus with sialic acids present on porcine surfactant protein D. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2003; 30:871-9. [PMID: 14672916 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2003-0355oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pigs can be infected with both human and avian influenza A virus (IAV) strains and are therefore considered to be important intermediates in the emergence of new IAV strains due to mixing of viral genes derived from human, avian, or porcine influenza viruses. These reassortant strains may have potential to cause pandemic influenza outbreaks in humans. The innate immune response against IAV plays a significant role in containment of IAV in the airways. We studied the interactions of IAV with porcine surfactant protein D (pSP-D), an important component of this first line defense system. Hemagglutination inhibition analysis shows that the distinct interactions of pSP-D with IAV mediated by the N-linked carbohydrate moiety in the carbohydrate recognition domain of pSP-D depend on the terminal sialic acids (SAs) present on this carbohydrate. Analysis by both lectin staining and by cleavage with linkage-specific sialidases shows that the carbohydrate of pSP-D is exclusively sialylated with alpha(2,6)-linked SAs, in contrast to surfactant protein A, which contains both alpha(2,3)- and alpha(2,6)-linked SAs on its N-linked carbohydrate. Enzymatic modification of the SA-linkages present on pSP-D demonstrates that the type of SA-linkage is important for its hemagglutination-inhibitory activity, and correlates with receptor-binding specificity of the IAV strains. The SAs present on pSP-D appear especially important for interactions with poorly glycosylated IAV strains. It remains to be elucidated to what extent the unique sialylation profile of pSP-D is involved in host range control of IAV in pigs, and whether it facilitates adaptation of avian or human IAV strains that can contribute to the production of reassortant strains in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin van Eijk
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.176, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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79
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Müthing J, Kemminer SE, Conradt HS, Sagi D, Nimtz M, Kärst U, Peter-Katalinić J. Effects of buffering conditions and culture pH on production rates and glycosylation of clinical phase I anti-melanoma mouse IgG3 monoclonal antibody R24. Biotechnol Bioeng 2003; 83:321-34. [PMID: 12783488 DOI: 10.1002/bit.10673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
R24, a mouse IgG3 monoclonal antibody (MAb) against ganglioside GD3 (Neu5Acalpha8Neu5Acalpha3Gal beta4Glcbeta1Cer), can block tumor growth as reported in a series of clinical trials in patients with metastatic melanoma. The IgG molecule basically contains an asparagine-linked biantennary complex type oligosaccharide on the C(H)2 domain of each heavy chain, which is necessary for its in vivo effector function. The purpose of this study was to investigate the biotechnological production and particularly the glycosylation of this clinically important MAb in CO(2)/HCO(3) (-) (pH 7.4, 7.2, and 6.9) and HEPES buffered serum-free medium. Growth, metabolism, and IgG production of hybridoma cells (ATCC HB-8445) were analyzed on a 2-L bioreactor scale using fed-batch mode. Specific growth rates (mu) and MAb production rates (q(IgG)) varied significantly with maximum product yields at pH 6.9 (q(IgG) = 42.9 microg 10(-6) cells d(-1), mu = 0.30 d(-1)) and lowest yields in pH 7.4 adjusted batches (q(IgG) = 10.8 microg 10(-6) cells d(-1), mu = 0.40 d(-1)). N-glycans were structurally characterized by high pH anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD), matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF), and electrospray-ionization quadrupole time-of-flight (ESI-QTOF) mass spectrometry (MS). The highest relative amounts of agalacto and monogalacto biantennary complex type oligosaccharides were detected in the pH 7.2 (46% and 38%, respectively) and pH 6.9 (44% and 40%, respectively) cultivations and the uppermost quantities of digalacto (fully galactosylated) structures in the pH 7.4 (32%) and the HEPES (26%) buffered fermentation. In the experiments with HEPES buffering, antibodies with a molar Neu5Ac/Neu5Gc ratio of 3.067 were obtained. The fermentations at pH 7.2 and 6.9 resulted in almost equal molar Neu5Ac/Neu5Gc ratios of 1.008 and 0.985, respectively, while the alkaline shift caused a moderate overexpression of Neu5Ac deduced from the Neu5Ac/Neu5Gc quotient of 1.411. Different culture buffering gave rise to altered glycosylation pattern of the MAb R24. Consequently, a detailed molecular characterization of MAb glycosylation is generally recommended as a part of the development of MAbs for targeted in vivo immunotherapy to assure biochemical consistency of product lots and oligosaccharide-dependent biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Müthing
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Laboratory for Biomedical Analysis, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
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80
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Bulai T, Bratosin D, Pons A, Montreuil J, Zanetta JP. Diversity of the human erythrocyte membrane sialic acids in relation with blood groups. FEBS Lett 2003; 534:185-9. [PMID: 12527384 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(02)03838-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The composition of the human erythrocyte membrane (RBC) glycoprotein- and glycolipid-bound sialic acids of A, B, AB and O type donors was studied using a new method (Zanetta et al., Glycobiology 11 (2001) 663-676). In addition to Neu5Ac as the major compound, Kdn, Neu5,9Ac(2), Neu5,7Ac(2), Neu (de-N-acetylated-Neu5Ac), Neu5Ac8Me, Neu5Ac9Lt, Neu4,5Ac(2), Neu5,8Ac(2)9Lt and Neu5Ac8S were characterised. Among these different compounds, Neu5Ac8Me, Neu5Ac9Lt, Neu4,5Ac(2), Neu5,8Ac(2)9Lt and Neu5Ac8S have never been described and quantitatively determined before in human tissues or cells. Neu5Gc and its O-alkylated or O-acylated derivatives were not detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Bulai
- Laboratoire de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, CNRS Unité Mixte de Recherche No. 8576, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Bâtiment C9, 59655 Cedex, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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81
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Lamari FN, Karamanos NK. Separation methods for sialic acids and critical evaluation of their biologic relevance. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2002; 781:3-19. [PMID: 12450650 DOI: 10.1016/s1570-0232(02)00432-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Sialic acids are biosynthesized by almost all organisms as a 9-carbon carboxylated monosaccharide and are integral components of glycoconjugates. More than 40 naturally occurring sialic acid derivatives of the three main forms of sialic acids, the N-acetyl- and N-glycolylneuraminic acid and 2-keto-3-deoxy-nonulosonic acid have been identified. Due to the great importance of sialic acids as key mediators in a plethora of cellular events, including cell-cell recognition and cell-matrix interactions, their analysis in biologic samples is useful for a deeper understanding of the various (patho)physiological processes and of value in disease diagnosis and monitoring. In this review we summarize the methodology developed to isolate and liberate sialic acids from biologic samples as well as the chromatographic, electromigration and hyphenated techniques available for their separation and analysis. A critical evaluation of the biological relevance of the results obtained by analyzing sialic acids in biologic samples is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fotini N Lamari
- Department of Chemistry, Section of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Natural Products, Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Patras, 261 10 Patras, Greece
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82
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Oetke C, Brossmer R, Mantey LR, Hinderlich S, Isecke R, Reutter W, Keppler OT, Pawlita M. Versatile biosynthetic engineering of sialic acid in living cells using synthetic sialic acid analogues. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:6688-95. [PMID: 11751912 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109973200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialic acids are critical components of many glycoconjugates involved in biologically important ligand-receptor interactions. Quantitative and structural variations of sialic acid residues can profoundly affect specific cell-cell, pathogen-cell, or drug-cell interactions, but manipulation of sialic acids in mammalian cells has been technically limited. We describe the finding of a previously unrecognized and efficient uptake and incorporation of sialic acid analogues in mammalian cells. We added 16 synthetic sialic acid analogues carrying distinct C-1, C-5, or C-9 substitutions individually to cell cultures of which 10 were readily taken up and incorporated. Uptake of C-5- and C-9-substituted sialic acids resulted in the structural modification of up to 95% of sialic acids on the cell surface. Functionally, binding of murine sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin-2 (Siglec-2, CD22) to cells increased after N-glycolylneuraminic acid treatment, whereas 9-iodo-N-acetylneuraminic acid abolished binding. Furthermore, susceptibility to infection by the B-lymphotropic papovavirus via a sialylated receptor was markedly enhanced following pretreatment of host cells with selected sialic acid analogues including 9-iodo-N-acetylneuraminic acid. This novel experimental strategy allows for an efficient biosynthetic engineering of surface sialylation in living cells. It is versatile, extending the repertoire of modification sites at least to C-9 and enables detailed structure-function studies of sialic acid-dependent ligand-receptor interactions in their native context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Oetke
- Angewandte Tumorvirologie, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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