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Tang H, Guo Y, Peng L, Fang H, Wang Z, Zheng Y, Ran H, Chen Y. In Vivo Targeted, Responsive, and Synergistic Cancer Nanotheranostics by Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Guided Synergistic High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Ablation and Chemotherapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:15428-15441. [PMID: 29652130 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b01967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
As one of the most representative noninvasive therapeutic modalities, high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) has shown great promise for cancer therapy, but its low therapeutic efficacy and biosafety significantly hinder further extensive clinical translation and application. In this work, we report on the construction of a multifunctional theranostic nanoplatform to synergistically enhance the HIFU-therapeutic efficacy based on nanomedicine. A targeted and temperature-responsive theranostic nanoplatform (PFH/DOX@PLGA/Fe3O4-FA) has been designed and fabricated for efficient ultrasound/magnetic resonance dual-modality imaging-guided HIFU/chemo synergistic therapy. Especially, the folate was conjugated onto the surface of the nanoplatform for achieving active targeting to hepatoma cells by receptor-ligand interaction, which facilitates accumulation of the nanoplatforms into the tumor site. The integrated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles could generate the contrast enhancement in T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. By virtue of the thermal effect as generated by HIFU, liquid-gas phase transition of perfluorohexane (PFH) in nanocomposites was induced to generate PFH microbubbles, which achieved the contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging and significantly improved the HIFU ablation efficacy. The loaded anticancer drugs could be released from the nanocomposites in a controllable manner (both pH and HIFU responsiveness). These multifunctional nanocomposites have been demonstrated to efficiently suppress the tumor growth based on the enhanced and synergistic chemotherapy and HIFU ablation, providing an efficient theranostic nanoplatform for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailin Tang
- Department of Ultrasound , Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province , Hangzhou 310012 , P. R. China
| | - Yuan Guo
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging , Chongqing 400010 , P. R. China
| | - Li Peng
- Department of Ultrasound , Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province , Hangzhou 310012 , P. R. China
| | - Hui Fang
- Department of Ultrasound , Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province , Hangzhou 310012 , P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging , Chongqing 400010 , P. R. China
| | - Yuanyi Zheng
- Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital , Shanghai 200233 , P. R. China
| | - Haitao Ran
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging , Chongqing 400010 , P. R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200050 , P. R. China
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52
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Lee HJ, Choi N, Yoon ES, Cho IJ. MEMS devices for drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 128:132-147. [PMID: 29117510 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Novel drug delivery systems based on microtechnology have advanced tremendously, but yet face some technological and societal hurdles to fully achieve their potential. The novel drug delivery systems aim to deliver drugs in a spatiotemporal- and dosage-controlled manner with a goal to address the unmet medical needs from oral delivery and hypodermic injection. The unmet needs include effective delivery of new types of drug candidates that are otherwise insoluble and unstable, targeted delivery to areas protected by barriers (e.g. brain and posterior eye segment), localized delivery of potent drugs, and improved patient compliance. After scrutinizing the design considerations and challenges associated with delivery to areas that cannot be efficiently targeted through standard drug delivery (e.g. brain, posterior eye segment, and gastrointestinal tract), this review provides a summary of recent advances that addressed these challenges and summarizes yet unresolved problems in each target area. The opportunities for innovation in devising the novel drug delivery systems are still high; with integration of advanced microtechnology, advanced fabrication of biomaterials, and biotechnology, the novel drug delivery is poised to be a promising alternative to the oral administration and hypodermic injection for a large spectrum of drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjoo J Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Nakwon Choi
- Center for BioMicrosystems, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology (Biomedical Engineering), KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Sung Yoon
- Center for BioMicrosystems, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Joo Cho
- Center for BioMicrosystems, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology (Biomedical Engineering), KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
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53
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Lu S, Hu H, Yu X, Long J, Jing B, Zong Y, Wan M. Passive acoustic mapping of cavitation using eigenspace-based robust Capon beamformer in ultrasound therapy. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2018; 41:670-679. [PMID: 29137800 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Pulse-echo imaging technique can only play a role when high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is turned off due to the interference between the primary HIFU signal and the transmission pulse. Passive acoustic mapping (PAM) has been proposed as a tool for true real-time monitoring of HIFU therapy. However, the most-used PAM algorithm based on time exposure acoustic (TEA) limits the quality of cavitation image. Recently, robust Capon beamformer (RCB) has been used in PAM to provide improved resolution and reduced artifacts over TEA-based PAM, but the presented results have not been satisfactory. In the present study, we applied an eigenspace-based RCB (EISRCB) method to further improve the PAM image quality. The optimal weighting vector of the proposed method was found by projecting the RCB weighting vector onto the desired vector subspace constructed from the eigenstructure of the covariance matrix. The performance of the proposed PAM was validated by both simulations and in vitro histotripsy experiments. The results suggested that the proposed PAM significantly outperformed the conventionally used TEA and RCB-based PAM. The comparison results between pulse-echo images of the residual bubbles and cavitation images showed the potential of our proposed PAM in accurate localization of cavitation activity during HIFU therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shukuan Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianbo Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangying Long
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Bowen Jing
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujin Zong
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mingxi Wan
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China.
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54
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Gutierrez MI, Penilla EH, Leija L, Vera A, Garay JE, Aguilar G. Novel Cranial Implants of Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia as Acoustic Windows for Ultrasonic Brain Therapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 28766896 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic ultrasound can induce changes in tissues by means of thermal and nonthermal effects. It is proposed for treatment of some brain pathologies such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's diseases, and cancer. However, cranium highly absorbs ultrasound reducing transmission efficiency. There are clinical applications of transcranial focused ultrasound and implantable ultrasound transducers proposed to address this problem. In this paper, biocompatible materials are proposed for replacing part of the cranium (cranial implants) based on low porosity polycrystalline 8 mol% yttria-stabilized-zirconia (8YSZ) ceramics as acoustic windows for brain therapy. In order to assess the viability of 8YSZ implants to effectively transmit ultrasound, various 8YSZ ceramics with different porosity are tested; their acoustic properties are measured; and the results are validated using finite element models simulating wave propagation to brain tissue through 8YSZ windows. The ultrasound attenuation is found to be linearly dependent on ceramics' porosity. Results for the nearly pore-free case indicate that 8YSZ is highly effective in transmitting ultrasound, with overall maximum transmission efficiency of ≈81%, compared to near total absorption of cranial bone. These results suggest that 8YSZ polycrystals could be suitable acoustic windows for ultrasound brain therapy at 1 MHz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario I. Gutierrez
- CONACYT—Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Subdirección de Investigación Tecnológica División de Investigación en Ingenieria Medica (DIIM) Mexico City 14389 Mexico
| | - Elias H. Penilla
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of California San Diego San Diego CA 92161 USA
| | - Lorenzo Leija
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Bioelectronics Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN CINVESTAV‐IPN Mexico City 07360 Mexico
| | - Arturo Vera
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Bioelectronics Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN CINVESTAV‐IPN Mexico City 07360 Mexico
| | - Javier E. Garay
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of California San Diego San Diego CA 92161 USA
| | - Guillermo Aguilar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering University of California Riverside Riverside CA 92521 USA
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55
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Qian X, Han X, Chen Y. Insights into the unique functionality of inorganic micro/nanoparticles for versatile ultrasound theranostics. Biomaterials 2017; 142:13-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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56
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Browning RJ, Reardon PJT, Parhizkar M, Pedley RB, Edirisinghe M, Knowles JC, Stride E. Drug Delivery Strategies for Platinum-Based Chemotherapy. ACS NANO 2017; 11:8560-8578. [PMID: 28829568 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b04092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Few chemotherapeutics have had such an impact on cancer management as cis-diamminedichloridoplatinum(II) (CDDP), also known as cisplatin. The first member of the platinum-based drug family, CDDP's potent toxicity in disrupting DNA replication has led to its widespread use in multidrug therapies, with particular benefit in patients with testicular cancers. However, CDDP also produces significant side effects that limit the maximum systemic dose. Various strategies have been developed to address this challenge including encapsulation within micro- or nanocarriers and the use of external stimuli such as ultrasound to promote uptake and release. The aim of this review is to look at these strategies and recent scientific and clinical developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Browning
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 2JD, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | - Jonathan C Knowles
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 Plus NBM, Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University , 518-10 Anseo-dong, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, UCL Campus , Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor Stride
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 2JD, United Kingdom
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57
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Fan CH, Lin CY, Liu HL, Yeh CK. Ultrasound targeted CNS gene delivery for Parkinson's disease treatment. J Control Release 2017; 261:246-262. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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58
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Zhou Y, Han X, Jing X, Chen Y. Construction of Silica-Based Micro/Nanoplatforms for Ultrasound Theranostic Biomedicine. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 28795530 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasound (US)-based biomedicine has been extensively explored for its applications in both diagnostic imaging and disease therapy. The fast development of theranostic nanomedicine significantly promotes the development of US-based biomedicine. This progress report summarizes and discusses the recent developments of rational design and fabrication of silica-based micro/nanoparticles for versatile US-based biomedical applications. The synthetic strategies and surface-engineering approaches of silica-based micro/nanoparticles are initially discussed, followed by detailed introduction on their US-based theranostic applications. They have been extensively explored in contrast-enhanced US imaging, US-based multi-modality imaging, synergistic high-intensity focused US (HIFU) ablation, sonosensitizer-enhanced sonodynamic therapy (SDT), as well as US-triggered chemotherapy. Their biological effects and biosafety have been briefly discussed to guarantee further clinical translation. Based on the high biocompatibility, versatile composition/structure and high performance in US-based theranostic biomedicine, these silica-based theranostic agents are expected to pave a new way for achieving efficient US-based theranostics of disease by taking the specific advantages of material science, nanotechnology and US-based biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound the Third People's Hospital of Chengdu City the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu 600031 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Han
- Institute of Ultrasound Imaging and Department of Ultrasound Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing 400010 P. R. China
| | - Xiangxiang Jing
- Department of Ultrasound Hainan General Hospital Haikou 570311 P. R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Lab of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200050 P. R. China
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59
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Izadifar Z, Babyn P, Chapman D. Mechanical and Biological Effects of Ultrasound: A Review of Present Knowledge. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2017; 43:1085-1104. [PMID: 28342566 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2017.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound is widely used for medical diagnosis and increasingly for therapeutic purposes. An understanding of the bio-effects of sonography is important for clinicians and scientists working in the field because permanent damage to biological tissues can occur at high levels of exposure. Here the underlying principles of thermal mechanisms and the physical interactions of ultrasound with biological tissues are reviewed. Adverse health effects derived from cellular studies, animal studies and clinical reports are reviewed to provide insight into the in vitro and in vivo bio-effects of ultrasound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Izadifar
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
| | - Paul Babyn
- Department of Medical Imaging, Royal University Hospital, University of Saskatchewan and Saskatoon Health Region, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Dean Chapman
- Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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60
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Quantification of blood-brain barrier permeability by dynamic contrast-enhanced NIRS. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1702. [PMID: 28490806 PMCID: PMC5431887 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01922-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is integral to maintaining a suitable microenvironment for neurons to function properly. Despite its importance, there are no bedside methods of assessing BBB disruption to help guide management of critical-care patients. The aim of this study was to demonstrate that dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) can quantify the permeability surface-area product (PS) of the BBB. Experiments were conducted in rats in which the BBB was opened by image-guided focused ultrasound. DCE-NIRS data were acquired with two dyes of different molecular weight, indocyanine green (ICG, 67 kDa) and 800CW carboxylate (IRDye, 1166 Da), and PS maps were generated by DCE computer tomography (CT) for comparison. Both dyes showed a strong correlation between measured PS values and sonication power (R2 = 0.95 and 0.92 for ICG and IRDye respectively), and the PS values for IRDye were in good agreement with CT values obtained with a contrast agent of similar molecular weight. These proof-of-principle experiments demonstrate that DCE NIRS can quantify BBB permeability. The next step in translating this method to critical care practice will be to adapt depth sensitive methods to minimize the effects of scalp contamination on NIRS PS values.
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61
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Devarakonda SB, Myers MR, Lanier M, Dumoulin C, Banerjee RK. Assessment of Gold Nanoparticle-Mediated-Enhanced Hyperthermia Using MR-Guided High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Ablation Procedure. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:2532-2538. [PMID: 28287747 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b00272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) has gained increasing popularity as a noninvasive therapeutic procedure to treat solid tumors. However, collateral damage due to the use of high acoustic powers during HIFU procedures remains a challenge. The objective of this study is to assess the utility of using gold nanoparticles (gNPs) during HIFU procedures to locally enhance heating at low powers, thereby reducing the likelihood of collateral damage. Phantoms containing tissue-mimicking material (TMM) and physiologically relevant concentrations (0%, 0.0625%, and 0.125%) of gNPs were fabricated. Sonications at acoustic powers of 10, 15, and 20 W were performed for a duration of 16 s using an MR-HIFU system. Temperature rises and lesion volumes were calculated and compared for phantoms with and without gNPs. For an acoustic power of 10 W, the maximum temperature rise increased by 32% and 43% for gNPs concentrations of 0.0625% and 0.125%, respectively, when compared to the 0% gNPs concentration. For the power of 15 W, a lesion volume of 0, 44.5 ± 7, and 63.4 ± 32 mm3 was calculated for the gNPs concentration of 0%, 0.0625%, and 0.125%, respectively. For a power of 20 W, it was found that the lesion volume doubled and tripled for concentrations of 0.0625% and 0.125% gNPs, respectively, when compared to the concentration of 0% gNPs. We conclude that gNPs have the potential to locally enhance the heating and reduce damage to healthy tissue during tumor ablation using HIFU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surendra B Devarakonda
- Department of Mechanical, Materials Engineering College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Matthew R Myers
- Division of Solid and Fluid Mechanics Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Mathew Lanier
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Charles Dumoulin
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Rupak K Banerjee
- Department of Mechanical, Materials Engineering College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
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62
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Energy-triggered drug release from polymer nanoparticles for orthopedic applications. Ther Deliv 2017; 8:5-14. [DOI: 10.4155/tde-2016-0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sequestra, present in many cancers and orthopedic infections, provide a safe harbor for the development of drug resistance. In the face of burgeoning drug resistance, the importance of nanoscale, microenvironment-triggered drug delivery cannot be overestimated. Such strategies may preserve pharmaceutical efficacy and significantly alter the etiology of many orthopedic diseases. Although temperature-, pH- and redox-responsive nanoparticle-based systems have been extensively studied, local drug delivery from polymeric nanoparticles can be triggered by a variety of energy forms. This review offers an overview of the state of the field as well as a perspective on the safety and efficacy of ultrasound, hyperthermia and radio frequency-triggered internal delivery systems in a variety of applications.
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63
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Hoang Viet M, Derreumaux P, Nguyen PH. Nonequilibrium all-atom molecular dynamics simulation of the bubble cavitation and application to dissociate amyloid fibrils. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:174113. [PMID: 27825231 PMCID: PMC5106436 DOI: 10.1063/1.4966263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The cavitation of gas bubbles in liquids has been applied to different disciplines in life and natural sciences, and in technologies. To obtain an appropriate theoretical description of effects induced by the bubble cavitation, we develop an all-atom nonequilibrium molecular-dynamics simulation method to simulate bubbles undergoing harmonic oscillation in size. This allows us to understand the mechanism of the bubble cavitation-induced liquid shear stress on surrounding objects. The method is then employed to simulate an Aβ fibril model in the presence of bubbles, and the results show that the bubble expansion and contraction exert water pressure on the fibril. This yields to the deceleration and acceleration of the fibril kinetic energy, facilitating the conformational transition between local free energy minima, and leading to the dissociation of the fibril. Our work, which is a proof-of-concept, may open a new, efficient way to dissociate amyloid fibrils using the bubble cavitation technique, and new venues to investigate the complex phenomena associated with amyloidogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Hoang Viet
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8202, USA
| | - Philippe Derreumaux
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Théorique, UPR 9080, CNRS, Université Denis Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, IBPC, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Phuong H Nguyen
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Théorique, UPR 9080, CNRS, Université Denis Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, IBPC, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
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64
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Dasgupta A, Liu M, Ojha T, Storm G, Kiessling F, Lammers T. Ultrasound-mediated drug delivery to the brain: principles, progress and prospects. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2016; 20:41-48. [PMID: 27986222 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) limits drug delivery to the central nervous system. When combined with microbubbles, ultrasound can transiently permeate blood vessels in the brain. This approach, which can be referred to as sonoporation or sonopermeabilization, holds significant promise for shuttling large therapeutic molecules, such as antibodies, growth factors and nanomedicine formulations, across the BBB. We here describe the basic principles of BBB permeation using ultrasound and microbubbles, and we summarize several (pre-) clinical studies showing the potential of BBB opening for improving the treatment of cancer and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshuman Dasgupta
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mengjiao Liu
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tarun Ojha
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany; Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Storm
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Targeted Therapeutics, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Fabian Kiessling
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
| | - Twan Lammers
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany; Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Targeted Therapeutics, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
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65
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Zhang P, Behl M, Peng X, Razzaq MY, Lendlein A. Ultrasonic Cavitation Induced Shape-Memory Effect in Porous Polymer Networks. Macromol Rapid Commun 2016; 37:1897-1903. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201600439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Zhang
- Institute of Biomaterial Science; Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht; Kantstr. 55 14513 Teltow Germany
- Institute of Chemistry; University of Potsdam; Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25; 14469 Potsdam Germany
- Tianjin University-HZG Research Center; Joint Laboratory for Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine; Weijin Road 92 300072 Tianjin China and Kantstr. 55, 14513 Teltow Germany
| | - Marc Behl
- Institute of Biomaterial Science; Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht; Kantstr. 55 14513 Teltow Germany
- Tianjin University-HZG Research Center; Joint Laboratory for Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine; Weijin Road 92 300072 Tianjin China and Kantstr. 55, 14513 Teltow Germany
| | - Xingzhou Peng
- Institute of Biomaterial Science; Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht; Kantstr. 55 14513 Teltow Germany
- Institute of Chemistry; University of Potsdam; Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25; 14469 Potsdam Germany
- Tianjin University-HZG Research Center; Joint Laboratory for Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine; Weijin Road 92 300072 Tianjin China and Kantstr. 55, 14513 Teltow Germany
| | - Muhammad Yasar Razzaq
- Institute of Biomaterial Science; Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht; Kantstr. 55 14513 Teltow Germany
| | - Andreas Lendlein
- Institute of Biomaterial Science; Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht; Kantstr. 55 14513 Teltow Germany
- Institute of Chemistry; University of Potsdam; Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25; 14469 Potsdam Germany
- Tianjin University-HZG Research Center; Joint Laboratory for Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine; Weijin Road 92 300072 Tianjin China and Kantstr. 55, 14513 Teltow Germany
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66
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Darvas F, Mehić E, Caler CJ, Ojemann JG, Mourad PD. Toward Deep Brain Monitoring with Superficial EEG Sensors Plus Neuromodulatory Focused Ultrasound. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2016; 42:1834-47. [PMID: 27181686 PMCID: PMC5768413 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2016.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Noninvasive recordings of electrophysiological activity have limited anatomic specificity and depth. We hypothesized that spatially tagging a small volume of brain with a unique electroencephalography (EEG) signal induced by pulsed focused ultrasound could overcome those limitations. As a first step toward testing this hypothesis, we applied transcranial ultrasound (2 MHz, 200-ms pulses applied at 1050 Hz for 1 s at a spatial peak temporal average intensity of 1.4 W/cm(2)) to the brains of anesthetized rats while simultaneously recording EEG signals. We observed a significant 1050-Hz electrophysiological signal only when ultrasound was applied to a living brain. Moreover, amplitude demodulation of the EEG signal at 1050 Hz yielded measurement of gamma band (>30 Hz) brain activity consistent with direct measurements of that activity. These results represent preliminary support for use of pulsed focused ultrasound as a spatial tagging mechanism for non-invasive EEG-based mapping of deep brain activity with high spatial resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Darvas
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Edin Mehić
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Connor J Caler
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jeff G Ojemann
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Pierre D Mourad
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; Division of Engineering and Mathematics, University of Washington, Bothell, Washington, USA.
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Abstract
Chemotherapy plays a very important role in cancer treatment. However, there are still some barriers in the successful use of such therapies, mainly because of the adverse side effects of the anticancer agents and due to the development of chemoresistance. This paper focuses on the use of ultrasound to enhance chemotherapy and to overcome drug resistance. The action of many anticancer agents can be improved with the use of ultrasonic exposure either in vitro or in vivo. Drug resistance can be circumvented using ultrasound alone. Furthermore, the reversal attributable to chemoresistance modifiers, such as verapamil and PSC 833, is augmented by ultrasound. Ultrasound-mediated chemosensitization is usually achieved via increasing intracellular drug accumulation, although other mechanisms are also involved. Ultrasound also can play a role in targeted chemotherapy, releasing anticancer chemicals directly and efficiently into the lesions. However, this promising modality has not been clinically adopted so far and the reasons are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinghe Yu
- Institute of Ultrasound Engineering in Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China.
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68
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Schneider ME, Lombardo P. Brain Surface Heating After Exposure to Ultrasound: An Analysis Using Thermography. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2016; 42:1138-1144. [PMID: 26924696 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound is the imaging modality of choice to monitor brain pathologies in neonates after complicated deliveries. Animal studies have indicated that ultrasound may cause heating of brain tissues. To date, no study has explored brain surface heating by ultrasound during clinically relevant exposure. Hence, we investigated heating effects of B-mode and pulsed Doppler (PD) mode on ex vivo lamb brains using thermography. Five brains were scanned for 5 min in B-mode or for 3 min, 1 min, 30 s or 15 s in PD mode. Brain surface temperature was measured pre- and post-exposure using thermography. The highest mean temperature increase was recorded by B-mode (3.82 ± 0.43°C). All five PD exposure protocols were associated with surface temperature increases of 2.1-2.7°C. These outcomes highlight for the first time that B-mode ultrasound can contribute to brain surface heating during a routine cranial scan. Scan duration should be minimised whenever possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal E Schneider
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences, School of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Paul Lombardo
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences, School of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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69
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Fisher JAN, Huang S, Ye M, Nabili M, Wilent WB, Krauthamer V, Myers MR, Welle CG. Real-Time Detection and Monitoring of Acute Brain Injury Utilizing Evoked Electroencephalographic Potentials. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2016; 24:1003-1012. [PMID: 26955039 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2016.2529663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Rapid detection and diagnosis of a traumatic brain injury (TBI) can significantly improve the prognosis for recovery. Helmet-mounted sensors that detect impact severity based on measurements of acceleration or pressure show promise for aiding triage and transport decisions in active, field environments such as professional sports or military combat. The detected signals, however, report on the mechanics of an impact rather than directly indicating the presence and severity of an injury. We explored the use of cortical somatosensory evoked electroencephalographic potentials (SSEPs) to detect and track, in real-time, neural electrophysiological abnormalities within the first hour following head injury in an animal model. To study the immediate electrophysiological effects of injury in vivo, we developed an experimental paradigm involving focused ultrasound that permits continuous, real-time measurements and minimizes mechanical artifact. Injury was associated with a dramatic reduction of amplitude over the damaged hemisphere directly after the injury. The amplitude systematically improved over time but remained significantly decreased at one hour, compared with baseline. In contrast, at one hour there was a concomitant enhancement of the cortical SSEP amplitude evoked from the uninjured hemisphere. Analysis of the inter-trial electroencephalogram (EEG) also revealed significant changes in low-frequency components and an increase in EEG entropy up to 30 minutes after injury, likely reflecting altered EEG reactivity to somatosensory stimuli. Injury-induced alterations in SSEPs were also observed using noninvasive epidermal electrodes, demonstrating viability of practical implementation. These results suggest cortical SSEPs recorded at just a few locations by head-mounted sensors and associated multiparametric analyses could potentially be used to rapidly detect and monitor brain injury in settings that normally present significant levels of mechanical and electrical noise.
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70
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Gao Z, Ma T, Zhao E, Docter D, Yang W, Stauber RH, Gao M. Small is Smarter: Nano MRI Contrast Agents - Advantages and Recent Achievements. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:556-76. [PMID: 26680328 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201502309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Many challenges for advanced sensitive and noninvasive clinical diagnostic imaging remain unmatched. In particular, the great potential of magnetic nano-probes is intensively discussed to further improve the performance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), especially for cancer diagnosis. Based on recent achievements, here the concepts of magnetic nanoparticle-based MRI contrast agents and tumor-specific imaging probes are critically summarized. Advances in their synthesis, biocompatible chemical and biofunctional surface modifications, and current strategies for further developing them into multimodality imaging probes are discussed. In addition, how engineered versus unintended surface coatings such as protein coronas affect the biocompatibility and performance of MRI nano-probes is also considered. To stimulate progress in the field, future strategies and relevant challenges that still need to be resolved in the field conclude this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Gao
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bei Yi Jie 2, Zhong Guan Cun, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Tiancong Ma
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bei Yi Jie 2, Zhong Guan Cun, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Enyu Zhao
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bei Yi Jie 2, Zhong Guan Cun, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Dominic Docter
- Department of Nanobiomedicine, ENT/University Medical Center of Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55101, Mainz, Germany
| | - Wensheng Yang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Roland H Stauber
- Department of Nanobiomedicine, ENT/University Medical Center of Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55101, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mingyuan Gao
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bei Yi Jie 2, Zhong Guan Cun, Beijing, 100190, China
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71
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Lee W, Lee SD, Park MY, Foley L, Purcell-Estabrook E, Kim H, Fischer K, Maeng LS, Yoo SS. Image-Guided Focused Ultrasound-Mediated Regional Brain Stimulation in Sheep. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2016; 42:459-470. [PMID: 26525652 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Non-invasive brain stimulation using focused ultrasound has largely been carried out in small animals. In the present study, we applied stimulatory focused ultrasound transcranially to the primary sensorimotor (SM1) and visual (V1) brain areas in sheep (Dorset, all female, n = 8), under the guidance of magnetic resonance imaging, and examined the electrophysiologic responses. By use of a 250-kHz focused ultrasound transducer, the area was sonicated in pulsed mode (tone-burst duration of 1 ms, duty cycle of 50%) for 300 ms. The acoustic intensity at the focal target was varied up to a spatial peak pulse-average intensity (Isppa) of 14.3 W/cm(2). Sonication of SM1 elicited electromyographic responses from the contralateral hind leg, whereas stimulation of V1 generated electroencephalographic potentials. These responses were detected only above a certain acoustic intensity, and the threshold intensity, as well as the degree of responses, varied among sheep. Post-sonication animal behavior was normal, but minor microhemorrhages were observed from the V1 areas exposed to highly repetitive sonication (every second for ≥500 times for electroencephalographic measurements, Isppa = 6.6-10.5 W/cm(2), mechanical index = 0.9-1.2). Our results suggest the potential translational utility of focused ultrasound as a new brain stimulation modality, yet also call for caution in the use of an excessive number of sonications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonhye Lee
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stephanie D Lee
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael Y Park
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lori Foley
- Invasive Cardiovascular Experimental Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Erin Purcell-Estabrook
- Invasive Cardiovascular Experimental Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hyungmin Kim
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Center for Bionics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Krisztina Fischer
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lee-So Maeng
- Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, Korea
| | - Seung-Schik Yoo
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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72
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Adhikari U, Goliaei A, Berkowitz ML. Nanobubbles, cavitation, shock waves and traumatic brain injury. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:32638-32652. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp06704b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Shock wave induced cavitation denaturates blood–brain barrier tight junction proteins; this may result in various neurological complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upendra Adhikari
- Department of Chemistry
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Chapel Hill
- USA
| | - Ardeshir Goliaei
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Program in Molecular and Cellular Biophysics
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Chapel Hill
- USA
| | - Max L. Berkowitz
- Department of Chemistry
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Chapel Hill
- USA
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73
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Haršány M, Tsivgoulis G, Alexandrov AV. Ultrasonography. Stroke 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-29544-4.00046-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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74
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Burgess A, Hynynen K. Microbubble-Assisted Ultrasound for Drug Delivery in the Brain and Central Nervous System. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 880:293-308. [PMID: 26486344 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-22536-4_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier is a serious impediment to the delivery of pharmaceutical treatments for brain diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative and neuropsychatric diseases. Focused ultrasound, when combined with microbubbles, has emerged as an effective method to transiently and locally open the blood-brain barrier to promote drug delivery to the brain. Focused ultrasound has been used to successfully deliver a wide variety of therapeutic agents to pre-clinical disease models. The requirement for clinical translation of focused ultrasound technology is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Burgess
- Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kullervo Hynynen
- Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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75
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Zhou Y. Application of acoustic droplet vaporization in ultrasound therapy. J Ther Ultrasound 2015; 3:20. [PMID: 26566442 PMCID: PMC4642755 DOI: 10.1186/s40349-015-0041-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbubbles have been used widely both in the ultrasonic diagnosis to enhance the contrast of vasculature and in ultrasound therapy to increase the bioeffects induced by bubble cavitation. However, due to their large size, the lifetime of microbubbles in the circulation system is on the order of minutes, and they cannot penetrate through the endothelial gap to enter the tumor. In an acoustic field, liquefied gas nanoparticles may be able to change the state and become the gas form in a few cycles of exposure without significant heating effects. Such a phenomenon is called as acoustic droplet vaporization (ADV). This review is intended to introduce the emerging application of ADV. The physics and the theoretical model behind it are introduced for further understanding of the mechanisms. Current manufacturing approaches are provided, and their differences are compared. Based on the characteristic of phase shift, a variety of therapeutic applications have been carried out both in vitro and in vivo. The latest progress and interesting results of vessel occlusion, thermal ablation using high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), localized drug delivery to the tumor and cerebral tissue through the blood-brain barrier, localized tissue erosion by histotripsy are summarized. ADV may be able to overcome some limitations of microbubble-mediated ultrasound therapy and provide a novel drug and molecular targeting carrier. More investigation will help progress this technology forward for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Zhou
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798 Singapore
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76
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Facilitation of Drug Transport across the Blood-Brain Barrier with Ultrasound and Microbubbles. Pharmaceutics 2015; 7:275-93. [PMID: 26404357 PMCID: PMC4588200 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics7030275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Medical treatment options for central nervous system (CNS) diseases are limited due to the inability of most therapeutic agents to penetrate the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Although a variety of approaches have been investigated to open the BBB for facilitation of drug delivery, none has achieved clinical applicability. Mounting evidence suggests that ultrasound in combination with microbubbles might be useful for delivery of drugs to the brain through transient opening of the BBB. This technique offers a unique non-invasive avenue to deliver a wide range of drugs to the brain and promises to provide treatments for CNS disorders with the advantage of being able to target specific brain regions without unnecessary drug exposure. If this method could be applied for a range of different drugs, new CNS therapeutic strategies could emerge at an accelerated pace that is not currently possible in the field of drug discovery and development. This article reviews both the merits and potential risks of this new approach. It assesses methods used to verify disruption of the BBB with MRI and examines the results of studies aimed at elucidating the mechanisms of opening the BBB with ultrasound and microbubbles. Possible interactions of this novel delivery method with brain disease, as well as safety aspects of BBB disruption with ultrasound and microbubbles are addressed. Initial translational research for treatment of brain tumors and Alzheimer’s disease is presented.
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77
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Using the Promise of Sonodynamic Therapy in the Clinical Setting against Disseminated Cancers. CHEMOTHERAPY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2015; 2015:316015. [PMID: 26380110 PMCID: PMC4562321 DOI: 10.1155/2015/316015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is a form of ultrasound therapy in which specialized chemotherapeutic agents known as sonosensitizers are administered to increase the efficacy of ultrasound-mediated preferential damage of neoplastic cells. Multiple in vitro and in vivo studies have indicated that SDT has the ability to exhibit profound physical and chemical changes on cellular structure. As supportive as the data have been, assessment of this method at the clinical level has been limited to only solid tumors. Although SDT has shown efficacy against multiple adherent neoplastic cell lines, it has also shown particular promise with leukemia-derived cell lines. Potential procedures to administer SDT to leukemia patients are heating the appendages as ultrasound is applied to these areas (Heat and Treat), using an ultrasound probe to scan the body for malignant growths (Target and Destroy), and extracorporeal blood sonication (EBS) through dialysis. Each method offers a unique set of benefits and concerns that will need to be evaluated in preclinical mammalian models of malignancy before clinical examination can be considered.
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78
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Abstract
The combination of microbubbles and ultrasound has emerged as a promising method for local drug delivery. Microbubbles can be locally activated by a targeted ultrasound beam, which can result in several bio-effects. For drug delivery, microbubble-assisted ultrasound is used to increase vascular- and plasma membrane permeability for facilitating drug extravasation and the cellular uptake of drugs in the treated region, respectively. In the case of drug-loaded microbubbles, these two mechanisms can be combined with local release of the drug following destruction of the microbubble. The use of microbubble-assisted ultrasound to deliver chemotherapeutic agents is also referred to as sonochemotherapy. In this review, the basic principles of sonochemotherapy are discussed, including aspects such as the type of (drug-loaded) microbubbles used, the routes of administration used in vivo, ultrasound devices and parameters, treatment schedules and safety issues. Finally, the clinical translation of sonochemotherapy is discussed, including the first clinical study using sonochemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart H A Lammertink
- Image Guided Therapy, Imaging Division, University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Clemens Bos
- Image Guided Therapy, Imaging Division, University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Roel Deckers
- Image Guided Therapy, Imaging Division, University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Gert Storm
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University Utrecht, Netherlands ; Targeted Therapeutics, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Chrit T W Moonen
- Image Guided Therapy, Imaging Division, University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jean-Michel Escoffre
- Image Guided Therapy, Imaging Division, University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht, Netherlands
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79
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Odéen H, Todd N, Diakite M, Minalga E, Payne A, Parker DL. Sampling strategies for subsampled segmented EPI PRF thermometry in MR guided high intensity focused ultrasound. Med Phys 2015; 41:092301. [PMID: 25186406 DOI: 10.1118/1.4892171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate k-space subsampling strategies to achieve fast, large field-of-view (FOV) temperature monitoring using segmented echo planar imaging (EPI) proton resonance frequency shift thermometry for MR guided high intensity focused ultrasound (MRgHIFU) applications. METHODS Five different k-space sampling approaches were investigated, varying sample spacing (equally vs nonequally spaced within the echo train), sampling density (variable sampling density in zero, one, and two dimensions), and utilizing sequential or centric sampling. Three of the schemes utilized sequential sampling with the sampling density varied in zero, one, and two dimensions, to investigate sampling the k-space center more frequently. Two of the schemes utilized centric sampling to acquire the k-space center with a longer echo time for improved phase measurements, and vary the sampling density in zero and two dimensions, respectively. Phantom experiments and a theoretical point spread function analysis were performed to investigate their performance. Variable density sampling in zero and two dimensions was also implemented in a non-EPI GRE pulse sequence for comparison. All subsampled data were reconstructed with a previously described temporally constrained reconstruction (TCR) algorithm. RESULTS The accuracy of each sampling strategy in measuring the temperature rise in the HIFU focal spot was measured in terms of the root-mean-square-error (RMSE) compared to fully sampled "truth." For the schemes utilizing sequential sampling, the accuracy was found to improve with the dimensionality of the variable density sampling, giving values of 0.65 °C, 0.49 °C, and 0.35 °C for density variation in zero, one, and two dimensions, respectively. The schemes utilizing centric sampling were found to underestimate the temperature rise, with RMSE values of 1.05 °C and 1.31 °C, for variable density sampling in zero and two dimensions, respectively. Similar subsampling schemes with variable density sampling implemented in zero and two dimensions in a non-EPI GRE pulse sequence both resulted in accurate temperature measurements (RMSE of 0.70 °C and 0.63 °C, respectively). With sequential sampling in the described EPI implementation, temperature monitoring over a 192×144×135 mm3 FOV with a temporal resolution of 3.6 s was achieved, while keeping the RMSE compared to fully sampled "truth" below 0.35 °C. CONCLUSIONS When segmented EPI readouts are used in conjunction with k-space subsampling for MR thermometry applications, sampling schemes with sequential sampling, with or without variable density sampling, obtain accurate phase and temperature measurements when using a TCR reconstruction algorithm. Improved temperature measurement accuracy can be achieved with variable density sampling. Centric sampling leads to phase bias, resulting in temperature underestimations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Odéen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108 and Department of Radiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108
| | - Nick Todd
- Department of Radiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108
| | - Mahamadou Diakite
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108 and Department of Radiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108
| | - Emilee Minalga
- Department of Radiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108
| | - Allison Payne
- Department of Radiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108
| | - Dennis L Parker
- Department of Radiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108
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80
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Li Z, Liang G, Ma T, Li J, Wang P, Liu L, Yu B, Liu Y, Xue Y. Blood-brain barrier permeability change and regulation mechanism after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Metab Brain Dis 2015; 30:597-603. [PMID: 25270004 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-014-9609-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the blood brain barrier (BBB) change caused by subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and to explore the molecular mechanisms of acute brain injury after SAH. The SD rat model of SAH was firstly established by endovascular filament perforation technique. The changes of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), BBB permeability and ultrastructure of brain tissue at different time points after SAH were respectively observed by Doppler flowmetry, evans blue extravasation and transmission electron microscopy. Meanwhile, the expression changes of Claudin-5, Occludin, Zo-1 and Caveolin-1 were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Furthermore, the expressions of Akt, P-Akt and Foxo1A were also measured by Western blot. The change of BBB permeability showed two peaks at 3 and 72 h after SAH, corresponding to the change of rCBF. The BBB tight junction opening can be observed after SAH, and the largest opening was occurred at 3 h and 72 h. There was no significant change in Caveolin-1, Claudin-5 and Akt expressions after SAH (P > 0.05), while Zo-1 and Occludin were significantly down-regulated (P < 0.05). The expression of P-Akt was obviously reduced at 30 min and then increased at 1 and 24 h, while Foxo1A was up-regulated at 1 and 24 h after SAH (P < 0.05). Down-regulated Zo-1 and Occludin, as well as Akt/FOXO signaling pathway may be involved in the regulation of tight junction opening and the BBB permeability in the early stage after SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqing Li
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China
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81
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Chen PY, Hsieh HY, Huang CY, Lin CY, Wei KC, Liu HL. Focused ultrasound-induced blood-brain barrier opening to enhance interleukin-12 delivery for brain tumor immunotherapy: a preclinical feasibility study. J Transl Med 2015; 13:93. [PMID: 25784614 PMCID: PMC4369363 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0451-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-12 (IL-12) has long been considered to be effective in triggering an anticancer immune response, however, the dosage has been limited by potential systemic immunotoxicity. Since focused ultrasound (FUS) has been confirmed to temporally and locally open the blood-brain barrier (BBB), the purpose of this study was to elucidate the possibility of combining FUS-induced BBB opening with IL-12 delivery to enhance the anticancer immunological response for glioma treatment. METHODS FUS energy combined with microbubble administration was delivered transcranially to open BBB, and C-6 glioma rats were used in this study. The efficacy in inducing BBB opening and the corresponding immunological response were primarily evaluated in normal animals. The anticancer immune-triggering chemokine, IL-12, was intraperitoneally administered during the treatment phase to evaluate the effect of immunological response on tumor progression. Glioma animals were sub-grouped to evaluate the effect of the immune response in suppressing glioma when IL-12 was combined with FUS-induced BBB opening. We performed flow cytometry to verify consequent immune cell population changes of peripheral/ tissue lymphocytes as well as macrophages from the animals. Brain sections of sacrificed animals were also used for histological and immunohistochemical analysis. IL-12 level among experimental groups were measured via ELISA analysis. We also analyzed survival and followed tumor progression in vivo via T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS FUS-induced BBB opening had no obvious effect on the T lymphocytes population in normal animals, either in the brain or systemically. Yet, it triggered mild changes in the tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) population, particularly in numbers of CD3+CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in the tumor region. IL-12 administration triggered a profound increase in all TIL populations, including CD3+CD4+ T helper cells (Th), CTL, and CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Treg), but combined FUS-BBB opening with IL-12 administration produced the most significant IL-12 increase, CTL increase and CTL/Treg ratio increase, thus contributing to the most significant suppression of tumor progression and increased animal survival. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence that FUS-BBB opening can enhance immune-modulating agent delivery to the brain, which improve the anticancer immune response in brain tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin-Yuan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Linkou, Taiwan,
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Aryal M, Vykhodtseva N, Zhang YZ, McDannold N. Multiple sessions of liposomal doxorubicin delivery via focused ultrasound mediated blood-brain barrier disruption: a safety study. J Control Release 2015; 204:60-9. [PMID: 25724272 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Transcranial MRI-guided focused ultrasound is a rapidly advancing method for delivering therapeutic and imaging agents to the brain. It has the ability to facilitate the passage of therapeutics from the vasculature to the brain parenchyma, which is normally protected by the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The method's main advantages are that it is both targeted and noninvasive, and that it can be easily repeated. Studies have shown that liposomal doxorubicin (Lipo-DOX), a chemotherapy agent with promise for tumors in the central nervous system, can be delivered into the brain across BBB. However, prior studies have suggested that doxorubicin can be significantly neurotoxic, even at small concentrations. Here, we studied whether multiple sessions of Lipo-DOX administered after FUS-induced BBB disruption (FUS-BBBD) induces severe adverse events in the normal brain tissues. First, we used fluorometry to measure the doxorubicin concentrations in the brain after FUS-BBBD to ensure that a clinically relevant doxorubicin concentration was achieved in the brain. Next, we performed three weekly sessions with FUS-BBBD±Lipo-DOX administration. Five to twelve targets were sonicated each week, following a schedule described previously in a survival study in glioma-bearing rats (Aryal et al., 2013). Five rats received three weekly sessions where i.v. injected Lipo-DOX was combined with FUS-BBBD; an additional four rats received FUS-BBBD only. Animals were euthanized 70days from the first session and brains were examined in histology. We found that clinically-relevant concentrations of doxorubicin (4.8±0.5μg/g) were delivered to the brain with the sonication parameters (0.69MHz; 0.55-0.81MPa; 10ms bursts; 1Hz PRF; 60s duration), microbubble concentration (Definity, 10μl/kg), and the administered Lipo-DOX dose (5.67mg/kg) used. The resulting concentration of Lipo-DOX was reduced by 32% when it was injected 10min after the last sonication compared to cases where the agent was delivered before sonication. In histology, the severe neurotoxicity observed in some previous studies with doxorubicin by other investigators was not observed here. However, four of the five rats who received FUS-BBBD and Lipo-DOX had regions (dimensions: 0.5-2mm) at the focal targets with evidence of minor prior damage, either a small scar (n=4) or a small cyst (n=1). The focal targets were unaffected in rats who received FUS-BBBD alone. The result indicates that while delivery of Lipo-DOX to the rat brain might result in minor damage, the severe neurotoxicity seen in earlier works does not appear to occur with delivery via FUS-BBB disruption. The damage may be related to capillary damage produced by inertial cavitation, which might have resulted in excessive doxorubicin concentrations in some areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muna Aryal
- Department of Radiology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA.
| | - Natalia Vykhodtseva
- Department of Radiology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA
| | - Yong-Zhi Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA
| | - Nathan McDannold
- Department of Radiology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA
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83
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Martel S. Learning from our failures in blood–brain permeability: what can be done for new drug discovery? Expert Opin Drug Discov 2015; 10:207-11. [DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2015.1009443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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84
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Liu HL, Huang CY, Chen JY, Wang HYJ, Chen PY, Wei KC. Pharmacodynamic and therapeutic investigation of focused ultrasound-induced blood-brain barrier opening for enhanced temozolomide delivery in glioma treatment. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114311. [PMID: 25490097 PMCID: PMC4260869 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Focused ultrasound (FUS) exposure with the presence of microbubbles has been shown to transiently open the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and thus has potential to enhance the delivery of various kinds of therapeutic agents into brain tumors. The purpose of this study was to assess the preclinical therapeutic efficacy of FUS-BBB opening for enhanced temozolomide (TMZ) delivery in glioma treatment. FUS exposure with microbubbles was delivered to open the BBB of nude mice that were either normal or implanted with U87 human glioma cells. Different TMZ dose regimens were tested, ranging from 2.5 to 25 mg/kg. Plasma and brain samples were obtained at different time-points ranging from 0.5 to 4 hours, and the TMZ concentration within samples was quantitated via a developed LC-MS/MS procedure. Tumor progression was followed with T2-MRI, and animal survival and brain tissue histology were conducted. Results demonstrated that FUS-BBB opening caused the local TMZ accumulation in the brain to increase from 6.98 to 19 ng/mg. TMZ degradation time in the tumor core was found to increase from 1.02 to 1.56 hours. Improved tumor progression and animal survival were found at different TMZ doses (up to 15% and 30%, respectively). In conclusion, this study provides preclinical evidence that FUS-BBB opening increases the local concentration of TMZ to improve the control of tumor progression and animal survival, suggesting the potential for clinical application to improve current brain tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Li Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (HLL); (KCW)
| | - Chiung-Yin Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Yu Chen
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hay-Yan Jack Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Yuan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chen Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (HLL); (KCW)
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Sanchez-Covarrubias L, Slosky LM, Thompson BJ, Davis TP, Ronaldson PT. Transporters at CNS barrier sites: obstacles or opportunities for drug delivery? Curr Pharm Des 2014; 20:1422-49. [PMID: 23789948 DOI: 10.2174/13816128113199990463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-cerebrospinal fluid (BCSF) barriers are critical determinants of CNS homeostasis. Additionally, the BBB and BCSF barriers are formidable obstacles to effective CNS drug delivery. These brain barrier sites express putative influx and efflux transporters that precisely control permeation of circulating solutes including drugs. The study of transporters has enabled a shift away from "brute force" approaches to delivering drugs by physically circumventing brain barriers towards chemical approaches that can target specific compounds of the BBB and/or BCSF barrier. However, our understanding of transporters at the BBB and BCSF barriers has primarily focused on understanding efflux transporters that efficiently prevent drugs from attaining therapeutic concentrations in the CNS. Recently, through the characterization of multiple endogenously expressed uptake transporters, this paradigm has shifted to the study of brain transporter targets that can facilitate drug delivery (i.e., influx transporters). Additionally, signaling pathways and trafficking mechanisms have been identified for several endogenous BBB/BCSF transporters, thereby offering even more opportunities to understand how transporters can be exploited for optimization of CNS drug delivery. This review presents an overview of the BBB and BCSF barrier as well as the many families of transporters functionally expressed at these barrier sites. Furthermore, we present an overview of various strategies that have been designed and utilized to deliver therapeutic agents to the brain with a particular emphasis on those approaches that directly target endogenous BBB/BCSF barrier transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Patrick T Ronaldson
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Avenue, P.O. Box 245050, Tucson, AZ, 85724-5050.
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86
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Wang X, Liu P, Yang W, Li L, Li P, Liu Z, Zhuo Z, Gao Y. Microbubbles coupled to methotrexate-loaded liposomes for ultrasound-mediated delivery of methotrexate across the blood-brain barrier. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:4899-909. [PMID: 25364248 PMCID: PMC4211917 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s69845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) is the single most effective agent for the treatment of primary central nervous system lymphoma. Currently, the delivery of MTX to the brain is achieved by high systemic doses, which cause severe long-term neurotoxicity, or intrathecal administration, which is highly invasive and may lead to infections or hemorrhagic complications. Acoustically active microbubbles have been developed as drug carriers for the noninvasive and brain-targeted delivery of therapeutics. However, their application is limited by their low drug-loading capacity. To overcome this limitation, we prepared microbubbles coupled to MTX-loaded liposomes using ZHIFUXIAN, a novel type of microbubbles with a superior safety profile and long circulation time. MTX-liposome-coupled microbubbles had a high drug-loading capacity of 8.91%±0.86%, and their size (2.64±0.93 μm in diameter) was suitable for intravenous injection. When used with ultrasound, they showed more potent in vitro cytotoxicity against Walker-256 cancer cells than MTX alone or MTX-loaded liposomes. When Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to sonication, administration of these MTX-liposome-coupled microbubbles via the tail vein led to targeted disruption of the blood–brain barrier without noticeable tissue or capillary damage. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis of the brain MTX concentration showed that MTX delivery to the brain followed the order of MTX-liposome-coupled microbubbles + ultrasound (25.3±2.4 μg/g) > unmodified ZHIFUXIAN + MTX + ultrasound (18.6±2.2 μg/g) > MTX alone (6.97±0.75 μg/g) > MTX-liposome-coupled microbubbles (2.92±0.39 μg/g). Therefore, treatment with MTX-liposome-coupled microbubbles and ultrasound resulted in a significantly higher brain MTX concentration than all other treatments (P<0.01). These results suggest that MTX-liposome-coupled microbubbles may hold great promise as new and effective therapies for primary central nervous system lymphoma and other central nervous system malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Xinqiao Hospital of the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Xinqiao Hospital of the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Weixiao Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, Xinqiao Hospital of the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Xinqiao Hospital of the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Peijing Li
- Department of Ultrasound, General Hospital of the Jinan Military Area, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Xinqiao Hospital of the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongxiong Zhuo
- Department of Ultrasound, Xinqiao Hospital of the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhua Gao
- Department of Ultrasound, Xinqiao Hospital of the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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87
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Shi L, Palacio-Mancheno P, Badami J, Shin DW, Zeng M, Cardoso L, Tu R, Fu BM. Quantification of transient increase of the blood-brain barrier permeability to macromolecules by optimized focused ultrasound combined with microbubbles. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:4437-48. [PMID: 25258533 PMCID: PMC4173757 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s68882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Radioimmunotherapy using a radiolabeled monoclonal antibody that targets tumor cells has been shown to be efficient for the treatment of many malignant cancers, with reduced side effects. However, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) inhibits the transport of intravenous antibodies to tumors in the brain. Recent studies have demonstrated that focused ultrasound (FUS) combined with microbubbles (MBs) is a promising method to transiently disrupt the BBB for the drug delivery to the central nervous system. To find the optimal FUS and MBs that can induce reversible increase in the BBB permeability, we employed minimally invasive multiphoton microscopy to quantify the BBB permeability to dextran-155 kDa with similar molecular weight to an antibody by applying different doses of FUS in the presence of MBs with an optimal size and concentration. The cerebral microcirculation was observed through a section of frontoparietal bone thinned with a micro-grinder. About 5 minutes after applying the FUS on the thinned skull in the presence of MBs for 1 minute, TRITC (tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate)-dextran-155 kDa in 1% bovine serum albumin in mammalian Ringer's solution was injected into the cerebral circulation via the ipsilateral carotid artery by a syringe pump. Simultaneously, the temporal images were collected from the brain parenchyma ~100-200 μm below the pia mater. Permeability was determined from the rate of tissue solute accumulation around individual microvessels. After several trials, we found the optimal dose of FUS. At the optimal dose, permeability increased by ~14-fold after 5 minutes post-FUS, and permeability returned to the control level after 25 minutes. FUS without MBs or MBs injected without FUS did not change the permeability. Our method provides an accurate in vivo assessment for the transient BBB permeability change under the treatment of FUS. The optimal FUS dose found for the reversible BBB permeability increase without BBB disruption is reliable and can be applied to future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyan Shi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paolo Palacio-Mancheno
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joseph Badami
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The City College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Da Wi Shin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Min Zeng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Luis Cardoso
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Raymond Tu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The City College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bingmei M Fu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
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88
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Wu CY, Chan PC, Chou LS, Chang CW, Yang FY, Liu RS, Chiou SH, Chen YW, Yen SH, Wang HE. Pulsed-focused ultrasound enhances boron drug accumulation in a human head and neck cancer xenograft-bearing mouse model. Mol Imaging Biol 2014; 16:95-101. [PMID: 23925592 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-013-0675-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to demonstrate that pulsed high-intensity focused ultrasound (pulsed-HIFU) may enhance the fructose-conjugated 4-borono-L-phenylalanine (BPA-Fr) accumulation in tumor lesion using (18)F-FBPA-Fr microPET scans. PROCEDURES To the mice bearing orthotopic SASC03 human tongue squamous carcinoma xenograft, a 2-min pulsed-HIFU was applied to tumor. Immediately after pulsed-HIFU treatment, (18)F-FBPA-Fr was intravenously injected, and biological characterizations including microPET imaging and biodistribution were conducted. RESULTS Both biodistribution studies and microPET imaging performed after intravenous injection of (18)F-FBPA-Fr revealed higher tumor uptake in HIFU-treated mice than that of the control. CD31 and Ki-67 histochemical staining of tumor sections and H&E staining of nearby normal tissues revealed no significant difference between the pulsed-HIFU-treated mice and the control. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that pulsed-HIFU was beneficial to the accumulation of boron drug in the head and neck tumor lesion and may enhance the therapeutic efficacy of clinical BNCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yi Wu
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, No.155, Sec.2, Li-Nong St, 11217, Taipei, Taiwan
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89
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Bing C, Ladouceur-Wodzak M, Wanner CR, Shelton JM, Richardson JA, Chopra R. Trans-cranial opening of the blood-brain barrier in targeted regions using a stereotaxic brain atlas and focused ultrasound energy. J Ther Ultrasound 2014; 2:13. [PMID: 25232482 PMCID: PMC4160001 DOI: 10.1186/2050-5736-2-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The blood-brain barrier (BBB) protects the brain by preventing the entry of large
molecules; this poses a major obstacle for the delivery of drugs to the brain. A
novel technique using focused ultrasound (FUS) energy combined with microbubble
contrast agents has been widely used for non-invasive trans-cranial BBB opening.
Traditionally, FUS research is conducted with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
guidance, which is expensive and poses physical limitations due to the magnetic
field. A system that could allow researchers to test brain therapies without MR
intervention could facilitate and accelerate translational research. Methods In this study, we present a novel FUS system that uses a custom-built FUS
generator mounted on a motorized stereotaxic apparatus with embedded brain atlas
to locally open the BBB in rodents. The system was initially characterized using a
tissue-mimicking phantom. Rodent studies were also performed to evaluate whether
non-invasive, localized BBB opening could be achieved using brain atlas-based
targeting. Brains were exposed to pulsed focused ultrasound energy at
1.06 MHz in rats and 3.23 MHz in mice, with the focal pressure estimated
to be 0.5–0.6 MPa through the skull. BBB opening was confirmed in gross
tissue sections by the presence of Evans blue leakage in the exposed region of the
brain and by histological assessment. Results The targeting accuracy of the stereotaxic system was better than 0.5 mm in
the tissue-mimicking phantom. Reproducible localized BBB opening was verified with
Evans blue dye leakage in 32/33 rats and had a targeting accuracy of
±0.3 mm. The use of higher frequency exposures in mice enabled a similar
precision of localized BBB opening as was observed with the low frequency in the
rat model. Conclusions With this dedicated small-animal motorized stereotaxic-FUS system, we achieved
accurate targeting of focused ultrasound exposures in the brain for non-invasive
opening of the BBB. This system can be used as an alternative to MR-guided FUS and
offers researchers the ability to perform efficient studies (30 min per
experiment including preparation) at a reduced cost in a conventional laboratory
environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Bing
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390-9061, USA
| | - Michelle Ladouceur-Wodzak
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390-9061, USA
| | - Clinton R Wanner
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390-9061, USA
| | - John M Shelton
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390-9061, USA
| | - James A Richardson
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390-9061, USA ; Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390-9061, USA
| | - Rajiv Chopra
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390-9061, USA
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90
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Aryal M, Arvanitis CD, Alexander PM, McDannold N. Ultrasound-mediated blood-brain barrier disruption for targeted drug delivery in the central nervous system. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 72:94-109. [PMID: 24462453 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The physiology of the vasculature in the central nervous system (CNS), which includes the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and other factors, complicates the delivery of most drugs to the brain. Different methods have been used to bypass the BBB, but they have limitations such as being invasive, non-targeted or requiring the formulation of new drugs. Focused ultrasound (FUS), when combined with circulating microbubbles, is a noninvasive method to locally and transiently disrupt the BBB at discrete targets. This review provides insight on the current status of this unique drug delivery technique, experience in preclinical models, and potential for clinical translation. If translated to humans, this method would offer a flexible means to target therapeutics to desired points or volumes in the brain, and enable the whole arsenal of drugs in the CNS that are currently prevented by the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muna Aryal
- Department of Physics, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, USA; Department of Radiology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Costas D Arvanitis
- Department of Radiology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Phillip M Alexander
- Department of Radiology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, and Brasenose College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nathan McDannold
- Department of Radiology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
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91
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Sarkar G, Curran GL, Sarkaria JN, Lowe VJ, Jenkins RB. Peptide carrier-mediated non-covalent delivery of unmodified cisplatin, methotrexate and other agents via intravenous route to the brain. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97655. [PMID: 24847943 PMCID: PMC4029735 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rapid pre-clinical evaluation of chemotherapeutic agents against brain cancers and other neurological disorders remains largely unattained due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which limits transport of most therapeutic compounds to the brain. A synthetic peptide carrier, K16ApoE, was previously developed that enabled transport of target proteins to the brain by mimicking a ligand-receptor system. The peptide carrier was found to generate transient BBB permeability, which was utilized for non-covalent delivery of cisplatin, methotrexate and other compounds to the brain. APPROACH Brain delivery of the chemotherapeutics and other agents was achieved either by injecting the carrier peptide and the drugs separately or as a mixture, to the femoral vein. A modification of the method comprised injection of K16ApoE pre-mixed with cetuximab, followed by injection of a 'small-molecule' drug. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Seven-of-seven different small molecules were successfully delivered to the brain via K16ApoE. Depending on the method, brain uptake with K16ApoE was 0.72-1.1% for cisplatin and 0.58-0.92% for methotrexate (34-50-fold and 54-92 fold greater for cisplatin and methotrexate, respectively, with K16ApoE than without). Visually intense brain-uptake of Evans Blue, Light Green SF and Crocein scarlet was also achieved. Direct intracranial injection of EB show locally restricted distribution of the dye in the brain, whereas K16ApoE-mediated intravenous injection of EB resulted in the distribution of the dye throughout the brain. Experiments with insulin suggest that ligand-receptor signaling intrinsic to the BBB provides a natural means for passive transport of some molecules across the BBB. SIGNIFICANCE The results suggest that the carrier peptide can non-covalently transport various chemotherapeutic agents to the brain. Thus, the method offers an avenue for pre-clinical evaluation of various small and large therapeutic molecules against brain tumors and other neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gobinda Sarkar
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail: (GS); (RJ)
| | - Geoffry L. Curran
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Jann N. Sarkaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Val J. Lowe
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Robert B. Jenkins
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail: (GS); (RJ)
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McCabe JT, Moratz C, Liu Y, Burton E, Morgan A, Budinich C, Lowe D, Rosenberger J, Chen H, Liu J, Myers M. Application of high-intensity focused ultrasound to the study of mild traumatic brain injury. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2014; 40:965-978. [PMID: 24462152 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2013.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Though intrinsically of much higher frequency than open-field blast overpressures, high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) pulse trains can be frequency modulated to produce a radiation pressure having a similar form. In this study, 1.5-MHz HIFU pulse trains of 1-ms duration were applied to intact skulls of mice in vivo and resulted in blood-brain barrier disruption and immune responses (astrocyte reactivity and microglial activation). Analyses of variance indicated that 24 h after HIFU exposure, staining density for glial fibrillary acidic protein was elevated in the parietal and temporal regions of the cerebral cortex, corpus callosum and hippocampus, and staining density for the microglial marker, ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule, was elevated 2 and 24 h after exposure in the corpus callosum and hippocampus (all statistical test results, p < 0.05). HIFU shows promise for the study of some bio-effect aspects of blast-related, non-impact mild traumatic brain injuries in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph T McCabe
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, USUHS, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; The Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, USUHS, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
| | - Chantal Moratz
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, USUHS, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; The Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, USUHS, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Department of Medicine, USUHS, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yunbo Liu
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, White Oak, Maryland, USA
| | - Ellen Burton
- The Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, USUHS, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Department of Medicine, USUHS, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Amy Morgan
- The Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, USUHS, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Department of Medicine, USUHS, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Craig Budinich
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, USUHS, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Dennell Lowe
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - John Rosenberger
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - HuaZhen Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jiong Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Matthew Myers
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, White Oak, Maryland, USA
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93
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Lakshmanan S, Gupta GK, Avci P, Chandran R, Sadasivam M, Jorge AES, Hamblin MR. Physical energy for drug delivery; poration, concentration and activation. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 71:98-114. [PMID: 23751778 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Techniques for controlling the rate and duration of drug delivery, while targeting specific locations of the body for treatment, to deliver the cargo (drugs or DNA) to particular parts of the body by what are becoming called "smart drug carriers" have gained increased attention during recent years. Using such smart carriers, researchers have also been investigating a number of physical energy forces including: magnetic fields, ultrasound, electric fields, temperature gradients, photoactivation or photorelease mechanisms, and mechanical forces to enhance drug delivery within the targeted cells or tissues and also to activate the drugs using a similar or a different type of external trigger. This review aims to cover a number of such physical energy modalities. Various advanced techniques such as magnetoporation, electroporation, iontophoresis, sonoporation/mechnoporation, phonophoresis, optoporation and thermoporation will be covered in the review. Special emphasis will be placed on photodynamic therapy owing to the experience of the authors' laboratory in this area, but other types of drug cargo and DNA vectors will also be covered. Photothermal therapy and theranostics will also be discussed.
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94
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a significant impediment to the delivery of therapeutic agents to the brain for treatment of brain diseases. Focused ultrasound (FUS) has been developed as a noninvasive method for transiently increasing the permeability of the BBB to promote drug delivery to targeted regions of the brain. AREAS COVERED The present review briefly compares the methods used to promote drug delivery to the brain and describes the benefits and limitations of FUS technology. We summarize the experimental data which shows that FUS, combined with intravascular microbubbles, increases therapeutic agent delivery into the brain leading to significant reductions in pathology in preclinical models of disease. The potential for translation of this technology to the clinic is also discussed. EXPERT OPINION The introduction of magnetic resonance imaging guidance and intravascular administration of microbubbles to FUS treatments permits the consistent, transient and targeted opening of the BBB. The development of feedback systems and real-time monitoring techniques improve the safety of BBB opening. Successful clinical translation of FUS has the potential to revolutionize the treatment of brain disease resulting in effective, less-invasive treatments without the need for expensive drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Burgess
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Physical Sciences , 2075 Bayview Avenue, S665, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5 , Canada +1 416 480 5765 ;
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95
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Ahmad Reza Dibaji S, Al-Rjoub MF, Myers MR, Banerjee RK. Enhanced Heat Transfer and Thermal Dose Using Magnetic Nanoparticles During HIFU Thermal Ablation—An In-Vitro Study. J Nanotechnol Eng Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4027340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Avoiding collateral damage to healthy tissues during the high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation of malignant tumors is one of the major challenges for effective thermal therapy. Such collateral damage can originate out of the need for using higher acoustic powers to treat deep seated or highly vascularized tumors. The objective of this study is to assess the utility of using magnetic nanoparticles (mNPs) during HIFU procedures to locally enhance heating at low powers, thereby reducing the likelihood of collateral thermal damage and undesired destruction due to cavitation. Tissue phantoms with 0% (control), 1% and 3% mNPs concentrations by volume were fabricated. Each tissue phantom was embedded with four thermocouples (TCs) and sonicated using transducer acoustic powers of 5.15 W, 9.17 W, and 14.26 W. The temperature profiles during the heating and cooling periods were recorded for each embedded TC. The measured transient temperature profiles were used for thermal-dose calculations. The increase in the concentration of mNPs in the tissue phantoms, from 0% to 3%, resulted in the rise in the peak temperatures for all the TCs for each acoustic power. The thermal dose also increased with the rise in the concentration of mNPs in the tissue phantoms. For the highest applied acoustic power (14.26 W), the peak temperature at TC 1 (T1) in tissue phantoms with 1% and 3% mNPs concentrations increased (with respect to tissue phantom with 0% (control) mNPs concentration) by 1.59× and 2.09×, respectively. For an acoustic power of 14.26 W, the time required to achieve cellular necrosis as defined by a 240 equivalent min thermal dose was approximately 75 s in the absence of mNPs, 14 s for the 1% concentration, and 8 s for the 3% concentration. Magnetic nanoparticles have the potential to significantly reduce the time for HIFU thermal-ablation procedures. They can also decrease the likelihood of collateral damage by the propagating beam in HIFU procedures by reducing the intensity required to achieve cellular necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Ahmad Reza Dibaji
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, 2600 Clifton Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45221
| | - Marwan F. Al-Rjoub
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, 2600 Clifton Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45221
| | - Matthew R. Myers
- Division of Solid and Fluid Mechanics, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U. S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993
| | - Rupak K. Banerjee
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, 598 Rhodes Hall, P.O. Box 210072, Cincinnati, OH 45221 e-mail:
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96
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Chuang YH, Wang YH, Chang TK, Lin CJ, Li PC. Albumin acts like transforming growth factor β1 in microbubble-based drug delivery. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2014; 40:765-774. [PMID: 24433746 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2013.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Unlike lipid-shelled microbubbles (MBs), albumin-shelled microbubbles (MBs) have not been reported to be actively targeted to cells without the assistance of antibodies. Recent studies indicate that the albumin molecule is similar to transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) both structurally and functionally. The TGF-β superfamily is important during early tumor outgrowth, with an elevated TGF-β being tumor suppressive; at later stages, this switches to malignant conversion and progression, including breast cancer. TGF-β receptors I and II play crucial roles in both the binding and endocytosis of albumin. However, until now, no specific albumin receptor has been found. On the basis of the above-mentioned information, we hypothesized that non-antibody-conjugated albumin-shelled MBs can be used to deliver drugs to breast cancer cells. We also studied the possible roles of TGF-β1 and radiation force in the behavior of cells and albumin-shelled MBs. The results indicate that albumin-shelled MBs loaded with paclitaxel (PTX) induce breast cancer cell apoptosis without the specific targeting produced by an antibody. Applying either an acoustic radiation force or cavitation alone to cells with PTX-loaded albumin MBs increased the apoptosis rate to 23.2% and 26.3% (p < 0.05), respectively. We also found that albumin-shelled MBs can enter MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and remain there for at least 24 h, even in the presence of PTX loading. Confocal micrographs revealed that 70.5% of the breast cancer cells took up albumin-shelled MBs spontaneously after 1 d of incubation. Applying an acoustic radiation force further increased the percentage to 91.9% in our experiments. However, this process could be blocked by TGF-β1, even with subsequent exposure to the radiation force. From these results, we conclude that TGF-β1 receptors are involved in the endocytotic process by which albumin-shelled MBs enter breast cancer cells. The acoustic radiation force increases the contact rate between albumin-shelled MBs and tumor cells. Combining a radiation force and cavitation yields an apoptosis rate of 31.3%. This in vitro study found that non-antibody-conjugated albumin-shelled MBs provide a useful method of drug delivery. Further in vivo studies of the roles of albumin MBs and TGF-β in different stages of cancer are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueh-Hsun Chuang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsin Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Kuei Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Jung Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pai-Chi Li
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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97
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Browning RJ, Rajkumar V, Pedley RB, Eckersley RJ, Blower PJ. Prospects for enhancement of targeted radionuclide therapy of cancer using ultrasound. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2014; 57:279-84. [PMID: 24347456 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound-mediated drug delivery is a promising means of enhancing delivery, distribution and effectiveness of drugs within tumours. In this review, prospects for exploiting ultrasound to improve the tumour delivery and distribution of radiolabelled antibodies for radioimmunotherapy and to overcome barriers imposed by tumour microenvironment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Browning
- King's College London, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, St Thomas' Hospital, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, London, SE1 9EH, UK
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98
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Pitt WG, Singh RN, Perez KX, Husseini GA, Jack DR. Phase transitions of perfluorocarbon nanoemulsion induced with ultrasound: a mathematical model. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2014; 21:879-891. [PMID: 24035720 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2013.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
While ultrasound has been used in many medical and industrial applications, only recently has research been done on phase transformations induced by ultrasound. This paper presents a numerical model and the predicted results of the phase transformation of a spherical nanosized droplet of perfluorocarbon in water. Such a model has applications in acoustic droplet vaporization, the generation of gas bubbles for medical imaging, therapeutic delivery and other biomedical applications. The formation of a gas phase and the subsequent bubble dynamics were studied as a function of acoustic parameters, such as frequency and amplitude, and of the physical aspects of the perfluorocarbon nanodroplets, such as chemical species, temperature, droplet size and interfacial energy. The model involves simultaneous applications of mass, energy and momentum balances to describe bubble formation and collapse, and was developed and solved numerically. It was found that, all other parameters being constant, the maximum bubble size and collapse velocity increases with increasing ultrasound amplitude, droplet size, vapor pressure and temperature. The bubble size and collapse velocity decreased with increasing surface tension and frequency. These results correlate with experimental observations of acoustic droplet vaporization.
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Affiliation(s)
- William G Pitt
- Chemical Engineering Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA.
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99
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Oh JS, Kwon YS, Lee KH, Jeong W, Chung SK, Rhee K. Drug perfusion enhancement in tissue model by steady streaming induced by oscillating microbubbles. Comput Biol Med 2014; 44:37-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2013.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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100
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Synthesis of laboratory Ultrasound Contrast Agents. Molecules 2013; 18:13078-95. [PMID: 24152677 PMCID: PMC6270217 DOI: 10.3390/molecules181013078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound Contrast Agents (UCAs) were developed to maximize reflection contrast so that organs can be seen clearly in ultrasound imaging. UCAs increase the signal to noise ratio (SNR) by linear and non-linear mechanisms and thus help more accurately visualize the internal organs and blood vessels. However, the UCAs on the market are not only expensive, but are also not optimized for use in various therapeutic research applications such as ultrasound-aided drug delivery. The UCAs fabricated in this study utilize conventional lipid and albumin for shell formation and perfluorobutane as the internal gas. The shape and density of the UCA bubbles were verified by optical microscopy and Cryo SEM, and compared to those of the commercially available UCAs, Definity® and Sonovue®. The size distribution and characteristics of the reflected signal were also analyzed using a particle size analyzer and ultrasound imaging equipment. Our experiments indicate that UCAs composed of spherical microbubbles, the majority of which were smaller than 1 um, were successfully synthesized. Microbubbles 10 um or larger were also identified when different shell characteristics and filters were used. These laboratory UCAs can be used for research in both diagnoses and therapies.
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