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Shi Z, Song W, Sun Y, Wang L, Shi B, Shan A, Bi Z. Dietary supplementation of l-arginine and chromium picolinate in sows during gestation affects the muscle fibre characteristics but not the performance of their progeny. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:74-79. [PMID: 28523848 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation of l-arginine and chromium picolinate (CrP) in sows during gestation on muscle fibre characteristics, performance and carcass characteristics of their progeny. Sixty healthy sows were randomly divided into four groups as a 2 × 2 factorial experiment design: one group received the control diet, another received the control diet + 10 g kg-1 l-arginine, the third group received the control diet + 400 ppb CrP, and the fourth group received the control diet + 10 g kg-1 l-arginine and 400 ppb CrP. RESULTS The results showed that sows fed the diet supplemented with CrP produced progeny with higher muscle fibre numbers at birth, weaning and slaughter compared to sows fed the control diet. For mean fibre areas, the same result was found at weaning. For progeny of sows fed diets supplemented with l-arginine, only higher muscle fibre numbers at slaughter was observed. Almost no differences were observed regarding average daily gains, average daily feed intake, gain-to-feed ratios, carcass and meat traits. CONCLUSION The results of the present study indicate that dietary supplementation of l-arginine and particularly CrP in sows during gestation alters muscle fibre numbers in their offspring, although not their performance or carcass characteristics. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Shi
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Xiangfang District, Harbin, PR China
| | - Wentao Song
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Xiangfang District, Harbin, PR China
| | - Yuecheng Sun
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Xiangfang District, Harbin, PR China
| | - Liansheng Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Xiangfang District, Harbin, PR China
| | - Baoming Shi
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Xiangfang District, Harbin, PR China
| | - Anshan Shan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Xiangfang District, Harbin, PR China
| | - Zhongpeng Bi
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Xiangfang District, Harbin, PR China
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Duan Y, Li F, Wang W, Guo Q, Wen C, Yin Y. Alteration of muscle fiber characteristics and the AMPK-SIRT1-PGC-1α axis in skeletal muscle of growing pigs fed low-protein diets with varying branched-chain amino acid ratios. Oncotarget 2017; 8:107011-107021. [PMID: 29291007 PMCID: PMC5739792 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There mainly exists four major myosin heavy chains (MyHC) (i.e., I, IIa, IIx, and IIb) in growing pigs. The current study aimed to explore the effects of low-protein diets supplemented with varying branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) on muscle fiber characteristics and the AMPK-SIRT1-PGC-1α axis in skeletal muscles. Forty growing pigs (9.85 ± 0.35 kg) were allotted to 5 groups and fed with diets supplemented with varying leucine: isoleucine: valine ratios: 1:0.51:0.63 (20% crude protein, CP), 1:1:1 (17% CP), 1:0.75:0.75 (17% CP), 1:0.51:0.63 (17% CP), and 1:0.25:0.25 (17% CP), respectively. The skeletal muscles of different muscle fiber composition, that is, longissimus dorsi muscle (LM, a fast-twitch glycolytic muscle), biceps femoris muscle (BM, a mixed slow- and fast-twitch oxido-glycolytic muscle), and psoas major muscle (PM, a slow-twitch oxidative muscle) were collected and analyzed. Results showed that relative to the control group (1:0.51:0.63, 20% CP), the low-protein diets with the leucine: isoleucine: valine ratio ranging from 1:0.75:0.75 to 1:0.25:0.25 especially augmented the mRNA and protein abundance of MyHC I fibers in BM and lowered the mRNA abundance of MyHC IIb particularly in LM (P < 0.05), with a concurrent increase in the activation of AMPK and the mRNA abundance of SIRT and PGC-1α in BM (P < 0.05). The results reveal that low-protein diets supplemented with optimal BCAA ratio, i.e. 1:0.75:0.75-1:0.25:0.25, induce muscle more oxidative especially in oxido-glycolytic skeletal muscle of growing pigs. These effects are likely associated with the activation of the AMPK-SIRT1-PGC-1α axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehui Duan
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fengna Li
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China.,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, CICAPS, Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wenlong Wang
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, School of Biology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qiuping Guo
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chaoyue Wen
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, School of Biology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China.,Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, School of Biology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Liu X, Trakooljul N, Hadlich F, Murani E, Wimmers K, Ponsuksili S. Mitochondrial-nuclear crosstalk, haplotype and copy number variation distinct in muscle fiber type, mitochondrial respiratory and metabolic enzyme activities. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14024. [PMID: 29070892 PMCID: PMC5656670 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14491-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genes expressed in mitochondria work in concert with those expressed in the nucleus to mediate oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), a process that is relevant for muscle metabolism and meat quality. Mitochondrial genome activity can be efficiently studied and compared in Duroc and Pietrain pigs, which harbor different mitochondrial haplotypes and distinct muscle fiber types, mitochondrial respiratory activities, and fat content. Pietrain pigs homozygous-positive for malignant hyperthermia susceptibility (PiPP) carried only haplotype 8 and showed the lowest absolute mtDNA copy number accompanied by a decrease transcript abundance of mitochondrial-encoded subunits ND1, ND6, and ATP6 and nuclear-encoded subunits NDUFA11 and NDUFB8. In contrast, we found that haplotype 4 of Duroc pigs had significantly higher mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy numbers and an increase transcript abundance of mitochondrial-encoded subunits ND1, ND6, and ATP6. These results suggest that the variation in mitochondrial and nuclear genetic background among these animals has an effect on mitochondrial content and OXPHOS system subunit expression. We observed the co-expression pattern of mitochondrial and nuclear encoded OXPHOS subunits suggesting that the mitochondrial-nuclear crosstalk functionally involves in muscle metabolism. The findings provide valuable information for understanding muscle biology processes and energy metabolism, and may direct use for breeding strategies to improve meat quality and animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Liu
- Research Unit 'Functional Genome Analysis', Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, D-18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Nares Trakooljul
- Research Unit 'Genomics', Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, D-18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Frieder Hadlich
- Research Unit 'Functional Genome Analysis', Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, D-18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Eduard Murani
- Research Unit 'Genomics', Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, D-18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Klaus Wimmers
- Research Unit 'Genomics', Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, D-18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Siriluck Ponsuksili
- Research Unit 'Functional Genome Analysis', Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, D-18196, Dummerstorf, Germany.
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Kim GD, Yang HS, Jeong JY. Intramuscular variations of proteome and muscle fiber type distribution in semimembranosus and semitendinosus muscles associated with pork quality. Food Chem 2017; 244:143-152. [PMID: 29120762 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Proteome analysis was performed to understand intramuscular variations in muscle fiber distribution in semimembranosus (SM) and semitendinosus (ST) muscles associated with pork quality. Fifteen SM and ST muscles were separated into dark and light portions. The relative area of oxidative fiber was higher (P < .0001) in dark portion than that in light portion, while glycolytic fiber types were distributed primarily (P < .01) in light portions regardless of muscle types. Myosin-1, myosin-4, troponin complex (fast), myosin light chains, and metabolic enzymes responsible for fast-twitch glycolytic types were overexpressed in light portions (P < .05). However, myosin-2, myosin-7, myoglobin, and mitochondrial oxidative metabolic enzymes were closely related to slow-twitch oxidative fibers. These resulted in high pH, redness, and tenderness but low lightness and drip loss of pork quality. In conclusion, differentially expressed muscle proteins are associated with fiber type (oxidative vs. glycolytic) distribution, resulting in intramuscular variations of pork quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gap-Don Kim
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 52828, Republic of Korea; Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1503 S Maryland Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Han-Sul Yang
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 52828, Republic of Korea; Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 plus), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Yeon Jeong
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 plus), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 52828, Republic of Korea.
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55
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Zhang X, Owens CM, Schilling MW. Meat: the edible flesh from mammals only or does it include poultry, fish, and seafood? Anim Front 2017. [DOI: 10.2527/af.2017.0437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition, and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS
| | - Casey M. Owens
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR
| | - M. Wes Schilling
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition, and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS
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56
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Jingting S, Qin X, Yanju S, Ming Z, Yunjie T, Gaige J, Zhongwei S, Jianmin Z. Oxidative and glycolytic skeletal muscles show marked differences in gene expression profile in Chinese Qingyuan partridge chickens. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183118. [PMID: 28813489 PMCID: PMC5558948 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative and glycolytic myofibers have different structures and metabolic characteristics and their ratios are important in determining poultry meat quality. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying their differences are unclear. In this study, global gene expression profiling was conducted in oxidative skeletal muscle (obtained from the soleus, or SOL) and glycolytic skeletal muscle (obtained from the extensor digitorum longus, or EDL) of Chinese Qingyuan partridge chickens, using the Agilent Chicken Gene Expression Chip. A total of 1224 genes with at least 2-fold differences were identified (P < 0.05), of which 654 were upregulated and 570 were downregulated in SOL. GO, KEGG pathway, and co-expressed gene network analyses suggested that PRKAG3, ATP2A2, and PPARGC1A might play important roles in myofiber composition. The function of PPARGC1A gene was further validated. PPARGC1A mRNA expression levels were higher in SOL than in EDL muscles throughout the early postnatal development stages. In myoblast cells, shRNA knockdown of PPARGC1A significantly inhibited some muscle development and transition-related genes, including PPP3CA, MEF2C, and SM (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05), and significantly upregulated the expression of FWM (P < 0.05). Our study demonstrates strong transcriptome differences between oxidative and glycolytic myofibers, and the results suggest that PPARGC1A is a key gene involved in chicken myofiber composition and transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Jingting
- Key laboratory for poultry genetics and breeding of Jiangsu province, Institute of Poultry Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao Qin
- Key laboratory for poultry genetics and breeding of Jiangsu province, Institute of Poultry Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shan Yanju
- Key laboratory for poultry genetics and breeding of Jiangsu province, Institute of Poultry Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhang Ming
- Key laboratory for poultry genetics and breeding of Jiangsu province, Institute of Poultry Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tu Yunjie
- Key laboratory for poultry genetics and breeding of Jiangsu province, Institute of Poultry Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ji Gaige
- Key laboratory for poultry genetics and breeding of Jiangsu province, Institute of Poultry Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sheng Zhongwei
- Key laboratory for poultry genetics and breeding of Jiangsu province, Institute of Poultry Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zou Jianmin
- Key laboratory for poultry genetics and breeding of Jiangsu province, Institute of Poultry Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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57
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Luo J, Shen YL, Lei GH, Zhu PK, Jiang ZY, Bai L, Li ZM, Tang QG, Li WX, Zhang HS, Zhu L. Correlation between three glycometabolic-related hormones and muscle glycolysis, as well as meat quality, in three pig breeds. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:2706-2713. [PMID: 27743386 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aimed to evaluate the correlations among muscle concentrations of three glycometabolic-related hormones (insulin, epinephrine and glucagon), muscle glycolysis and meat quality in representative muscles of either glycolytic or oxidative types. Moreover, the relative glycometabolic-related gene expression was measured. One Western crossbreed DLY (Duroc × (Landrace × Yorkshire)), one crossbreed with half-Chinese native-pig origin DL (Duroc × LiangShan) and one pure Chinese native pig TP (Tibetan pig) were used in the present study. RESULTS Among the three breeds, DLY had the greatest glucagon and epinephrine (P < 0.01). Compared with DLY, TP and DL had lower lactic acid concentrations, showing lower glycolytic potentials (GP), greater ultimate pH values (P < 0.01) and lower relative expression levels of glycometabolic-related genes (GYS1, PRKAG3 and PKM2). Compared with the glycolytic muscle (musculus longissimus dorsi), oxidative muscle PM (musculus psoas major) had lower glucagon and epinephrine contents, lower GP and better meat quality. The concentration of glycometabolic-related hormones in the muscle had significant correlations with muscle glycolysis, meat pH and lightness. CONCLUSION The results obtained in the present study imply that glucagon and epinephrine levels could be used to indicate early glycolytic metabolism during postmortem. These findings may be helpful in identifying pork with undesirable quality traits. 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yuan L Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Gang H Lei
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Ping K Zhu
- Sichuan Tequ Investment Group Ltd Co., Chengdu, 610200, China
| | - Zhi Y Jiang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Lin Bai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhou M Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Qing G Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Wei X Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Hua S Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Li Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
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Stufft K, Elgin J, Patterson B, Matarneh S, Preisser R, Shi H, England E, Scheffler T, Mills E, Gerrard D. Muscle characteristics only partially explain color variations in fresh hams. Meat Sci 2017; 128:88-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Chen B, Ao Q, Chen S, Wei Y, Guo Y, Lan G, Jiang Q, Jiang H. Assessment of M. longissimus fibre types and metabolic enzymes in Bama miniature pigs and Landrace swine. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2017.1326854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baojian Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Gaungxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Livestock Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Institute of Animal Sciences, Nanning, Gaungxi, China
| | - Qiuwei Ao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Gaungxi, China
| | - Shaomei Chen
- Guigang Science and Technology Bureau, Guigang, Gaungxi, China
| | - Yingming Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Gaungxi, China
| | - Yafen Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Gaungxi, China
| | - Ganqiu Lan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Gaungxi, China
| | - Qinyang Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Gaungxi, China
| | - Hesheng Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Gaungxi, China
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Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression of target messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and miRNAs have been proven to play vital roles in skeletal muscle development. The miRNA-499-5p has been reported to be negatively related with the expression of Sox6, a critical transcription factor for the maintenance of fast-twitch skeletal muscle. In this study, we amplified a length of 2012-bp mRNA that contains a 1512-bp porcine Sox6 (pSox6) 3'UTR from skeletal muscle of a Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire pig. By luciferase reporter assay we verified that pSox6 is a target of miR-499-5p. In extensor digitorum longus and Soleus muscles of pigs, the expression levels of miR-499-5p and pSox6 mRNA were also inversely correlated. Besides, overexpression of miR-499-5p in porcine satellite cells promoted the expression of MyHC I and MyHC IIa mRNA, along with a reduction of pSox6 mRNA. Taken together, these results indicate that miR-499-5p may facilitate the oxidative myofibers formation by downregulating pSox6 expression.
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Ponnampalam EN, Hopkins DL, Bruce H, Li D, Baldi G, Bekhit AED. Causes and Contributing Factors to “Dark Cutting” Meat: Current Trends and Future Directions: A Review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2017; 16:400-430. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric N. Ponnampalam
- Agriculture Research; Agriculture Victoria (DEDJTR); Attwood Victoria Australia
| | | | - Heather Bruce
- Dept. of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science; Univ. of Alberta; Edmonton Canada
| | - Duo Li
- Inst. of Nutrition & Health; Qingdao Univ.; Qingdao 266071 China
| | - Gianluca Baldi
- Agriculture Research; Agriculture Victoria (DEDJTR); Attwood Victoria Australia
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Comparative analysis of DNA methylome and transcriptome of skeletal muscle in lean-, obese-, and mini-type pigs. Sci Rep 2017; 7:39883. [PMID: 28045116 PMCID: PMC5206674 DOI: 10.1038/srep39883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation plays a pivotal role in biological processes by affecting gene expression. However, how DNA methylation mediates phenotype difference of skeletal muscle between lean-, obese-, and mini-type pigs remains unclear. We systematically carried out comparative analysis of skeletal muscle by integrating analysis of genome-wide DNA methylation, mRNA, lncRNA and miRNA profiles in three different pig breeds (obese-type Tongcheng, lean-type Landrace, and mini-type Wuzhishan pigs). We found that the differentially methylated genes (DMGs) were significantly associated with lipid metabolism, oxidative stress and muscle development. Among the identified DMGs, 253 genes were related to body-size and obesity. A set of lncRNAs and mRNAs including UCP3, FHL1, ANK1, HDAC4, and HDAC5 exhibited inversely changed DNA methylation and expression level; these genes were associated with oxidation reduction, fatty acid metabolism and cell proliferation. Gene regulatory networks involved in phenotypic variation of skeletal muscle were related to lipid metabolism, cellular movement, skeletal muscle development, and the p38 MAPK signaling pathway. DNA methylation potentially influences the propensity for obesity and body size by affecting gene expression in skeletal muscle. Our findings provide an abundant information of epigenome and transcriptome that will be useful for animal breeding and biomedical research.
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Shi ZB, Ma XY, Zheng CT, Hu YJ, Yang XF, Gao KG, Wang L, Jiang ZY. Effects of high ambient temperature on meat quality, serum hormone concentrations, and gene expression in the longissimus dorsi muscle of finishing pigs. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1071/an15003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the effect of high ambient temperature on the growth performance, meat quality, activity of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis, and related gene expression in finishing pigs. All pigs received the same corn-soybean meal-based diet. Twenty-four Landrace pigs (initial bodyweight of 77.64 ± 0.67 kg) were assigned into three groups: Group 1 (22°C, ad libitum, 81% humidity); Group 2 (22°C, pair-fed to Group 3, 78% humidity); Group 3 (35°C, ad libitum, 78% humidity). The experiment lasted for 30 days. The average daily feed intake and average daily gain were markedly reduced in Group 3 compared with Group 1 (P < 0.05). The intramuscular fat content of longissimus dorsi muscle was decreased in Groups 2 and 3 (P < 0.05) when compared with Group 1. Muscle pH at 24 h post-mortem was higher in Group 3 (P < 0.05) compared with Groups 1 and 2, and the pH at 48 h post-mortem was higher in Group 3 (P < 0.05) than in Group 1. The MyHC IIb transcript abundance was lower in Group 3 (P < 0.05) than in the other two groups and that of MyHC IIx was higher in Group 3 than in Group 2 (P < 0.05). The relative abundance of calpastatin transcripts was lower in Group 3 (P < 0.05) than in the other two groups. Cortisol concentrations were lower in Group 3 (P < 0.05) than in Groups 1 and 2 on Day 3. Corticotropin releasing hormone concentrations in Group 3 were lower at Day 3 (P < 0.05) when compared with Group 2 and at Day 30 when compared with Groups 1 and 2. Glucagon concentrations were lower in Group 3 (P < 0.05) when compared with Groups 1 and 2 on Day 30. These results indicate that the decreased intramuscular fat content of pigs at high ambient temperature results from the reduction in feed intake. Independently of its effect on feed intake, high ambient temperature affected the meat quality of finishing pigs by increasing pH value probably due to the lower serum concentrations of corticotropin releasing hormone, and inducing a transition of muscle fibre types from IIb to IIx.
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Quality traits of pork semimembranosus and triceps brachii muscles sourced from the United States and Mexico. Meat Sci 2016; 122:125-131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2016.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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66
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Du YF, Ding QL, Li YM, Fang WR. Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes and Pathways for Myofiber Characteristics in Soleus Muscles between Chicken Breeds Differing in Meat Quality. Anim Biotechnol 2016; 28:83-93. [DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2016.1206555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. F. Du
- College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Q. L. Ding
- College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Y. M. Li
- College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - W. R. Fang
- College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Expression of GHR and PGC-lα in association with changes of MyHC isof orm types in longissimus muscle of Erhualian and Large White pigs (Sus scrofa) during postnatal growth. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1017/s1357729800090068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMyofibre composition in longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle of Erhualian (EHL) and Large White (LW) pigs was investigated by determining the ratios of mRNA abundances of four myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoforms (MyHC I, MyHC 2a, MyHC 2x and MyHC 2b) using multiplex RT-PCR. The relationship between expression of growth hormone receptor (GHR) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α coactivator-lα (PGC-lα) mRNAs and changes ofmyofibre type composition during postnatal growth from 3 to 180 days of age were analysed. At 3 days of age, proportions of MyHC I, 2a and 2x fibres were high while only a few MyHC 2b fibres were differentiated. Dramatic changes were observed from day 3 to day 20 with significantly decreased MyHC I, 2a and 2x fibres but abrupt increases in MyHC 2b fibres in both breeds of pigs. Breed difference was exhibited only from day 90, with higher MyHC 2b but less MyHC I and 2a expression in LW pigs. Developmental pattern of GHR mRNA expression in LD muscle coincided with that of MyHC 2b, with LW pigs expressing higher abundance of GHR mRNA. PGC-lα mRNA expression followed distinct patterns in the two breeds of pigs, a higher level of PGC-lα mRNA being expressed in LD muscle of EHL pigs, the breed that possessed more oxidative fibres (MyHC I and MyHC 2a).
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Liu X, Trakooljul N, Hadlich F, Muráni E, Wimmers K, Ponsuksili S. MicroRNA-mRNA regulatory networking fine-tunes the porcine muscle fiber type, muscular mitochondrial respiratory and metabolic enzyme activities. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:531. [PMID: 27485725 PMCID: PMC4970254 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2850-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that play critical roles in diverse biological processes via regulation of gene expression including in skeletal muscles. In the current study, miRNA expression profile was investigated in longissimus muscle biopsies of malignant hyperthermia syndrome-negative Duroc and Pietrain pigs with distinct muscle metabolic properties in order to explore the regulatory role of miRNAs related to mitochondrial respiratory activity and metabolic enzyme activity in skeletal muscle. Results A comparative analysis of the miRNA expression profile between Duroc and Pietrain pigs was performed, followed by integration with mRNA profiles based on their pairwise correlation and computational target prediction. The identified target genes were enriched in protein ubiquitination pathway, stem cell pluripotency and geranylgeranyl diphosphate biosynthesis, as well as skeletal and muscular system development. Next, we analyzed the correlation between individual miRNAs and phenotypical traits including muscle fiber type, mitochondrial respiratory activity, metabolic enzyme activity and adenosine phosphate concentrations, and constructed the regulatory miRNA-mRNA networks associated with energy metabolism. It is noteworthy that miR-25 targeting BMPR2 and IRS1, miR-363 targeting USP24, miR-28 targeting HECW2 and miR-210 targeting ATP5I, ME3, MTCH1 and CPT2 were highly associated with slow-twitch oxidative fibers, fast-twitch oxidative fibers, ADP and ATP concentration suggesting an essential role of the miRNA-mRNA regulatory networking in modulating the mitochondrial energy expenditure in the porcine muscle. In the identified miRNA-mRNA network, a tight relationship between mitochondrial and ubiquitin proteasome system at the level of gene expression was observed. It revealed a link between these two systems contributing to energy metabolism of skeletal muscle under physiological conditions. Conclusions We assembled miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks based on divergent muscle properties between different pig breeds and further with the correlation analysis of expressed genes and phenotypic measurements. These complex networks relate to muscle fiber type, metabolic enzyme activity and ATP production and may contribute to divergent muscle phenotypes by fine-tuning the expression of genes. Altogether, the results provide an insight into a regulatory role of miRNAs in muscular energy metabolisms and may have an implication on meat quality and production. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2850-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Liu
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Nares Trakooljul
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Frieder Hadlich
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Eduard Muráni
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Klaus Wimmers
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Siriluck Ponsuksili
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany.
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Choi YM, Hwang S, Lee K. Comparison of Muscle Fiber and Meat Quality Characteristics in Different Japanese Quail Lines. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2016; 29:1331-7. [PMID: 27383804 PMCID: PMC5003995 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.16.0329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the growth performance, fiber characteristics of the pectoralis major muscle, and meat quality characteristics in the heavy weight (HW) and random bred control (RBC) quail lines and genders. The HW male exhibited more than two times greater body (245.7 vs 96.1 g, p<0.05) and pectoralis major muscle (PMW; 37.1 vs 11.1 g, p<0.05) weights compared to the RBC female. This growth performance in the HW line was associated with a greater muscle fiber area (1,502 vs 663.0 μm2, p<0.001) compared to the RBC line. Greater muscle mass of the HW male was accompanied by a higher percentage of type IIB fiber compared to the HW female (64.0% vs 51.0%, p<0.05). However, muscle fiber hyperplasia (increase in fiber number) has had a somewhat limited effect on PMW between the two lines. On the other hand, the HW line harboring a higher proportion of type IIB fiber showed rapid pH decline at the early postmortem period (6.23 vs 6.41, p<0.05) and lighter meat surface (53.5 vs 47.3, p<0.05) compared to the RBC line harboring a lower proportion of type IIB fiber. There were no significant differences observed in the measurement of water-holding capacity including drip loss (2.74% vs 3.07%, p>0.05) and cooking loss (21.9% vs 20.4%, p>0.05) between the HW and RBC lines. Therefore, the HW quail line developed by selection from the RBC quail, was slightly different in the meat quality characteristics compared to the RBC line, and a marked difference was found in growth performance between the two quail lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y M Choi
- Department of Animal Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Korea.,Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - S Hwang
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.,Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - K Lee
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Yang H, Xu XL, Ma HM, Jiang J. Integrative analysis of transcriptomics and proteomics of skeletal muscles of the Chinese indigenous Shaziling pig compared with the Yorkshire breed. BMC Genet 2016; 17:80. [PMID: 27296698 PMCID: PMC4906580 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-016-0389-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Shaziling pig (Sus scrofa) is a well-known indigenous breed in China. One of its main advantages over European breeds is its high meat quality. However, little genetic information is available for the Shaziling pig. To screen for differentially expressed genes and proteins that might be responsible for the meat quality, the longissimus dorsi muscles from Shaziling and Yorkshire pig breeds were investigated using an integrative analysis of transcriptomics and proteomics, involving high-throughput sequencing, the two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and mass spectrometry. Results Sequencing produced 79,320 unigenes by de novo assembly, and 488 differentially expressed genes in the longissimus dorsi muscle of Shaziling pig compared with the Yorkshire breed were identified. Gene Ontology term enrichment of biological functions and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis showed that the gene products were mainly involved in metabolism, protein binding, and regulation of skeletal muscle development. At the protein level, 23 differentially expressed proteins were identified, which were potentially associated with fatty acid metabolism, the glycolytic pathway, and skeletal muscle growth. Eight differentially expressed genes were confirmed by real-time PCR. These results give an insight into the mechanisms underlying the formation of skeletal muscle in the Shaziling pig. Conclusions Certain differentially expressed genes and proteins are involved in fatty acid metabolism, intramuscular fat deposition, and skeletal muscle growth in the Shaziling pig. These results provide candidate genes for improving meat quality and will promote further transcriptomic research in Shaziling pigs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12863-016-0389-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China.,College of Life Science and Resource Environment, Yichun University, Yichun, 336000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Li Xu
- College of Life Science and Resource Environment, Yichun University, Yichun, 336000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Ming Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China
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71
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Shen L, Chen L, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Wang J, Zhu L. MicroRNA-23a reduces slow myosin heavy chain isoforms composition through myocyte enhancer factor 2C (MEF2C) and potentially influences meat quality. Meat Sci 2016; 116:201-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2016.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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72
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Li XJ, Zhou J, Liu LQ, Qian K, Wang CL. Identification of genes in longissimus dorsi muscle differentially expressed between Wannanhua and Yorkshire pigs using RNA-sequencing. Anim Genet 2016; 47:324-33. [DOI: 10.1111/age.12421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- X.-J. Li
- Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine; Hefei 230031 China
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Anhui Agricultural University; Hefei 230036 China
| | - J. Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Anhui Agricultural University; Hefei 230036 China
| | - L.-Q. Liu
- Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine; Hefei 230031 China
| | - K. Qian
- Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine; Hefei 230031 China
| | - C.-L. Wang
- Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine; Hefei 230031 China
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73
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McGilchrist P, Greenwood P, Pethick D, Gardner G. Selection for increased muscling in Angus cattle did not increase the glycolytic potential or negatively impact pH decline, retail colour stability or mineral content. Meat Sci 2016; 114:8-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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74
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Spanos D, Tørngren MA, Christensen M, Baron CP. Effect of oxygen level on the oxidative stability of two different retail pork products stored using modified atmosphere packaging (MAP). Meat Sci 2016; 113:162-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2015.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Ghosh M, Sodhi SS, Sharma N, Mongre RK, Kim N, Singh AK, Lee SJ, Kim DC, Kim SW, Lee HK, Song KD, Jeong DK. An integrated in silico approach for functional and structural impact of non- synonymous SNPs in the MYH1 gene in Jeju Native Pigs. BMC Genet 2016; 17:35. [PMID: 26847462 PMCID: PMC4741023 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-016-0341-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was performed to identify the non- synonymous polymorphisms in the myosin heavy chain 1 gene (MYH1) association with skeletal muscle development in economically important Jeju Native Pig (JNP) and Berkshire breeds. Herein, we present an in silico analysis, with a focus on (a) in silico approaches to predict the functional effect of non-synonymous SNP (nsSNP) in MYH1 on growth, and (b) molecular docking and dynamic simulation of MYH1 to predict the effects of those nsSNP on protein-protein association. RESULTS The NextGENe (V 2.3.4.) tool was used to identify the variants in MYH1 from JNP and Berkshire using RNA seq. Gene ontology analysis of MYH1 revealed significant association with muscle contraction and muscle organ development. The 95 % confidence intervals clearly indicate that the mRNA expression of MYH1 is significantly higher in the Berkshire longissimus dorsi muscle samples than JNP breed. Concordant in silico analysis of MYH1, the open-source software tools identified 4 potential nsSNP (L884T, K972C, N981G, and Q1285C) in JNP and 1 nsSNP (H973G) in Berkshire pigs. Moreover, protein-protein interactions were studied to investigate the effect of MYH1 mutations on association with hub proteins, and MYH1 was found to be closely associated with the protein myosin light chain, phosphorylatable, fast skeletal muscle MYLPF. The results of molecular docking studies on MYH1 (native and 4 mutants) and MYLFP demonstrated that the native complex showed higher electrostatic energy (-466.5 Kcal mol(-1)), van der Walls energy (-87.3 Kcal mol(-1)), and interaction energy (-835.7 Kcal mol(-1)) than the mutant complexes. Furthermore, the molecular dynamic simulation revealed that the native complex yielded a higher root-mean-square deviation (0.2-0.55 nm) and lower root-mean-square fluctuation (approximately 0.08-0.3 nm) as compared to the mutant complexes. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that the variants at L884T, K972C, N981G, and Q1285C in MYH1 in JNP might represent a cause for the poor growth performance for this breed. This study is a pioneering in-depth in silico analysis of polymorphic MYH1 and will serve as a valuable resource for further targeted molecular diagnosis and population-based studies conducted for improving the growth performance of JNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinmoy Ghosh
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju-Do, 690-756, Republic of Korea.
| | - Simrinder Singh Sodhi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju-Do, 690-756, Republic of Korea.
| | - Neelesh Sharma
- Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, R.S. Pura, Jammu, India.
| | - Raj Kumar Mongre
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju-Do, 690-756, Republic of Korea.
| | - Nameun Kim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju-Do, 690-756, Republic of Korea.
| | - Amit Kumar Singh
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju-Do, 690-756, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung Jin Lee
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dae Cheol Kim
- Livestock Promotion Institute, Jeju Special Self-governing Province, Jeju-Do, 690-756, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung Woo Kim
- Animal Genetic Resources Station, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Administration, Namwon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hak Kyo Lee
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-756, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ki-Duk Song
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-756, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong Kee Jeong
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju-Do, 690-756, Republic of Korea.
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Ali ZS, Johnson VE, Stewart W, Zager EL, Xiao R, Heuer GG, Weber MT, Mallela AN, Smith DH. Neuropathological Characteristics of Brachial Plexus Avulsion Injury With and Without Concomitant Spinal Cord Injury. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2016; 75:69-85. [PMID: 26671984 PMCID: PMC6322589 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlv002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal brachial plexus avulsion injury (BPAI) commonly occurs as a consequence of birth trauma and can result in lifetime morbidity; however, little is known regarding the evolving neuropathological processes it induces. In particular, mechanical forces during BPAI can concomittantly damage the spinal cord and may contribute to outcome. Here, we describe the functional and neuropathological outcome following BPAI, with or without spinal cord injury, in a novel pediatric animal model. Twenty-eight-day-old piglets underwent unilateral C5–C7 BPAI with and without limited myelotomy. Following avulsion, all animals demonstrated right forelimb monoparesis. Injury extending into the spinal cord conferred greater motor deficit, including long tract signs. Consistent with clinical observations, avulsion with myelotomy resulted in more severe neuropathological changes with greater motor neuron death, progressive axonopathy, and persistent glial activation. These data demonstrate neuropathological features of BPAI associated with poor functional outcome. Interestingly, in contrast to adult small animal models of BPAI, a degree of motor neuron survival was observed, even following severe injury in this neonatal model. If this is also the case in human neonatal BPAI, repair may permit functional restoration. This model also provides a clinically relevant platform for exploring the complex postavulsion neuropathological responses that may inform therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zarina S. Ali
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (ZAS, VEJ, WS, ELZ, MTW, ANM, DHS), Penn Center for Brain Injury and Repair (ZAS, VEJ, WS, MTW, ANM, DHS), Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (RX), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Neuropathology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK (WS); Division of Neurosurgery, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (GGH)
| | - Victoria E. Johnson
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (ZAS, VEJ, WS, ELZ, MTW, ANM, DHS), Penn Center for Brain Injury and Repair (ZAS, VEJ, WS, MTW, ANM, DHS), Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (RX), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Neuropathology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK (WS); Division of Neurosurgery, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (GGH)
| | - William Stewart
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (ZAS, VEJ, WS, ELZ, MTW, ANM, DHS), Penn Center for Brain Injury and Repair (ZAS, VEJ, WS, MTW, ANM, DHS), Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (RX), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Neuropathology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK (WS); Division of Neurosurgery, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (GGH)
| | - Eric L. Zager
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (ZAS, VEJ, WS, ELZ, MTW, ANM, DHS), Penn Center for Brain Injury and Repair (ZAS, VEJ, WS, MTW, ANM, DHS), Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (RX), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Neuropathology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK (WS); Division of Neurosurgery, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (GGH)
| | - Rui Xiao
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (ZAS, VEJ, WS, ELZ, MTW, ANM, DHS), Penn Center for Brain Injury and Repair (ZAS, VEJ, WS, MTW, ANM, DHS), Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (RX), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Neuropathology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK (WS); Division of Neurosurgery, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (GGH)
| | - Gregory G. Heuer
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (ZAS, VEJ, WS, ELZ, MTW, ANM, DHS), Penn Center for Brain Injury and Repair (ZAS, VEJ, WS, MTW, ANM, DHS), Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (RX), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Neuropathology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK (WS); Division of Neurosurgery, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (GGH)
| | - Maura T. Weber
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (ZAS, VEJ, WS, ELZ, MTW, ANM, DHS), Penn Center for Brain Injury and Repair (ZAS, VEJ, WS, MTW, ANM, DHS), Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (RX), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Neuropathology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK (WS); Division of Neurosurgery, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (GGH)
| | - Arka N. Mallela
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (ZAS, VEJ, WS, ELZ, MTW, ANM, DHS), Penn Center for Brain Injury and Repair (ZAS, VEJ, WS, MTW, ANM, DHS), Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (RX), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Neuropathology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK (WS); Division of Neurosurgery, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (GGH)
| | - Douglas H. Smith
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (ZAS, VEJ, WS, ELZ, MTW, ANM, DHS), Penn Center for Brain Injury and Repair (ZAS, VEJ, WS, MTW, ANM, DHS), Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (RX), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Neuropathology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK (WS); Division of Neurosurgery, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (GGH)
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Do sarcomere length, collagen content, pH, intramuscular fat and desmin degradation explain variation in the tenderness of three ovine muscles? Meat Sci 2015; 113:51-8. [PMID: 26613188 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2015.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The longissimus (n=118) (LL), semimembranosus (n=104) (SM) and biceps femoris (n=134) (BF) muscles were collected from lamb and sheep carcases and aged for 5days (LL and SM) and 14days (BF) to study the impact of muscle characteristics on tenderness as assessed by shear force (SF) and sensory evaluation. The impact of gender, animal age, collagen content, sarcomere length (SL), desmin degradation, ultimate pH and intramuscular fat (IMF) on tenderness was examined. The main factors which influenced SF of the LL were IMF, SL and desmin degradation, but for sensory tenderness, IMF, ultimate pH and gender were the main factors. The SF and sensory tenderness of the SM was best predicted by the degree of desmin degradation. For the BF soluble collagen and animal age both influenced SF. Different factors affect tenderness across muscles and not one prediction model applied across all muscles equally well.
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Yan C, Xia X, He J, Ren Z, Xu D, Xiong Y, Zuo B. MyoD Is a Novel Activator of Porcine FIT1 Gene by Interacting with the Canonical E-Box Element during Myogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:25014-30. [PMID: 26492245 PMCID: PMC4632787 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161025014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fat-induced transcript 1 (FIT1/FITM1) gene is a member of the conserved gene family important for triglyceride-rich lipid droplet accumulation. FIT1 gene displays a similar muscle-specific expression across pigs, mice, and humans. Thus pigs can act as a useful model of many human diseases resulting from misexpression of FIT1 gene. Triglyceride content in skeletal muscle plays a key role in pork meat quality and flavors. An insertion/deletion mutation in porcine FIT1 coding region shows a high correlation with a series of fat traits. To gain better knowledge of the potential role of FIT1 gene in human diseases and the correlations with pork meat quality, our attention is given to the region upstream of the porcine FIT1 coding sequence. We cloned ~1 kb of the 5′-flanking region of porcine FIT1 gene to define the role of this sequence in modulating the myogenic expression. A canonical E-box element that activated porcine FIT1 promoter activity during myogenesis was identified. Further analysis demonstrated that promoter activity was induced by overexpression of MyoD1, which bound to this canonical E-box during C2C12 differentiation. This is the first evidence that FIT1 as the direct novel target of MyoD is involved in muscle development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Yan
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Xiaoliang Xia
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Junxian He
- Yuguan Agricultural Inc., Shuining 629208, China.
| | - Zhuqing Ren
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Dequan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Yuanzhu Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Bo Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Cho ES, Lee KT, Kim JM, Lee SW, Jeon HJ, Lee SH, Hong KC, Kim TH. Association of a single nucleotide polymorphism in the 5' upstream region of the porcine myosin heavy chain 4 gene with meat quality traits in pigs. Anim Sci J 2015; 87:330-5. [PMID: 26271027 PMCID: PMC5042030 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We identified a potential molecular marker associated with meat quality traits in the myosin heavy chain 4, MYH4 gene of Landrace pigs. Sequencing revealed a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP; g.‐1398G>T) in the 5' upstream region of MYH4. It was significantly associated with the number of type IIa muscle fibers and water‐holding capacity based on filter‐paper fluid uptake. The GG genotype groups had a greater number of type IIa fibers and a larger area composed of type IIa fibers than the other genotype group (P = 0.004 and P = 0.061, respectively). Expression level of MYH4 gene in the genotype TT or GT was higher than in genotype of GG (P < 0.0001). The T allele may enhance expression level of MYH4 gene and then the portion of IIb type fiber in the muscle be increased by the T allelle. Therefore, we suggest that the g.‐1398G>T in the 5' upstream region of the porcine MYH4 may be used as a molecular marker for meat quality traits, although its functional effect is not defined yet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Seok Cho
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Suwon, Korea
| | - Kyung-Tai Lee
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jun-Mo Kim
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Si-Woo Lee
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hyeon-Jeong Jeon
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Suwon, Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Hanwoo Research Institute, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Pyeongchang, Korea
| | - Ki-Chang Hong
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Hun Kim
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Suwon, Korea
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80
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Łukasiewicz M, Niemiec J, Wnuk A, Mroczek-Sosnowska N. Meat quality and the histological structure of breast and leg muscles in Ayam Cemani chickens, Ayam Cemani × Sussex hybrids and slow-growing Hubbard JA 957 chickens. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2015; 95:1730-1735. [PMID: 25155871 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of meat and the histological structure of muscles of Ayam Cemani chickens, Ayam Cemani × Sussex hybrids and slow-growing Hubbard JA 957 chickens and to examine whether crossing generally available Sussex chickens with little available Ayam Cemani gives a good quality product of interest to the poultry industry and in food technology. RESULTS The size of breast and leg muscle fibers varied among genotypes. The breast and leg muscles of slow-growing Hubbard JA 957 chickens had the largest fiber diameter. The histological and biochemical properties of muscles, including the type, number, proportions, diameter and metabolic profile of fibers, had a significant effect on the pH and water-binding capacity of meat, thus affecting its quality. The muscle fibers of Ayam Cemani chickens were approximately half the size of the muscle fibers of Hubbard JA 957 chickens. Ayam Cemani and Ayam Cemani × Sussex gave a product of as good quality as Hubbard JA 957 chickens. CONCLUSION Meat from Ayam Cemani chickens is a rich source of protein and could be highly valued by gourmet consumers, connoisseurs and dieticians for its rarity and originality. The results of this study show that genotype (Ayam Cemani, Ayam Cemani × Sussex, Hubbard JA 957) affected the quality and color of meat and the histological profile of chicken breast and leg muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Łukasiewicz
- Department of Poultry Breeding, Faculty of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
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81
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Zhang R, Große-Brinkhaus C, Heidt H, Uddin MJ, Cinar MU, Tesfaye D, Tholen E, Looft C, Schellander K, Neuhoff C. Polymorphisms and expression analysis of SOX-6 in relation to porcine growth, carcass, and meat quality traits. Meat Sci 2015; 107:26-32. [PMID: 25935846 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and expression of SOX-6 to support its candidacy for growth, carcass, and meat quality traits in pigs. The first SNP, rs81358375, was associated with pH 45 min post mortem in loin (pH1L), the thickness of backfat and side fat, and carcass length in Pietrain (Pi) population, and related with backfat thickness and daily gain in Duroc × Pietrain F2 (DuPi) population. The other SNP, rs321666676, was associated with meat colour in Pi population. In DuPi population, the protein, not mRNA, level of SOX-6 in high pH1L pigs was significantly less abundant compared with low pH1L pigs, where microRNAs targeting SOX-6 were also differently regulated. This paper shows that SOX-6 could be a potential candidate gene for porcine growth, carcass, and meat quality traits based on genetic association and gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry Group, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Christine Große-Brinkhaus
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry Group, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Hanna Heidt
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry Group, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Muhammad Jasim Uddin
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry Group, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh.
| | - Mehmet Ulas Cinar
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry Group, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany; Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Dawit Tesfaye
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry Group, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Ernst Tholen
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry Group, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Christian Looft
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry Group, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Karl Schellander
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry Group, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Christiane Neuhoff
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry Group, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
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82
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Huang Q, Li H, Zhao J, Huang G, Chen Q. Non-destructively sensing pork quality using near infrared multispectral imaging technique. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra18872e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Near infrared multispectral imaging system based on three wavebands—1280 nm, 1440 nm and 1660 nm—was developed for the non-destructive sensing of the tenderness and water holding capacity of pork.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiping Huang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- P.R. China
| | - Huanhuan Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- P.R. China
| | - Jiewen Zhao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- P.R. China
| | - Gengping Huang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- P.R. China
| | - Quansheng Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- P.R. China
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83
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Skewes O, Cádiz P, Merino V, Islas A, Morales R. Muscle fibre characteristics, enzyme activity and meat colour of wild boar (Sus scrofa s. L.) muscle with 2n=36 compared to those of phenotypically similar crossbreeds (2n=37 and 2n=38). Meat Sci 2014; 98:272-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Histological characteristics of the musculus longissimus lumborum et thoracis muscle fibres in pigs in relation to selected RYR1, MYOG, MYOD1 and MYF6 genotypes. ACTA VET BRNO 2014. [DOI: 10.2754/avb201483030233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Histochemical and biochemical muscle fibre properties are the factors that influence the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of pork meat. The aim of the study was to assess the influence of genetic effects of selected genetic markers MyoD genes and RYR1 on the achieved indicators of muscle fibres in the musculus longissimus lumborum et thoracis (MLLT). The study included a total number of 216 hybrid pigs with the mean slaughter weight of 123 kg. Gene polymorphism was determined by the PCR-RFLP method. The gene polymorphism was determined in the RYR1, MYOD1, MYOG, and MYF6 genes. Muscle fibre types from MLLT were identified. Concerning the RYR1 gene, the study found that homozygous-dominant animals reached a lower number of type I (8.35 vs. 10.52; P < 0.05) and a higher number of IIA (3.66 vs. 2.10; P < 0.05) and a higher number of IIB (76.61 vs. 67.91; P < 0.05). The maximum number in all types of muscle fibres reached BB genotype of the MYOG gene (type I: 14.02; IIA: 18.47; IIB: 83.08; P < 0.05). The AA genotype of the MYOD1 gene showed the lowest (P < 0.05) number of muscle in all fibre types (type I: 9.20; IIA: 0.85; IIB: 69.23). The influence of individual genotypes of selected genes on the selected muscle fibre characteristics was proven. The obtained results confirm the possibility of affecting the quality of pork with genomic selection of MyoD genes family.
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85
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Ma J, Xu G, Wan L, Wang N. Molecular cloning, sequence analysis and tissue-specific expression of Akirin2 gene in Tianfu goat. Gene 2014; 554:9-15. [PMID: 25239665 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The Akirin2 gene is a nuclear factor and is considered as a potential functional candidate gene for meat quality. To better understand the structures and functions of Akirin2 gene, the cDNA of the Tianfu goat Akirin2 gene was cloned. Sequence analysis showed that the Tianfu goat Akirin2 cDNA full coding sequence (CDS) contains 579bp nucleotides that encode 192 amino acids. A phylogenic tree of the Akirin2 protein sequence from the Tianfu goat and other species revealed that the Tianfu goat Akirin2 was closely related with cattle and sheep Akirin2. RT-qPCR analysis showed that Akirin2 was expressed in the myocardium, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, leg muscle, abdominal muscle and the longissimus dorsi muscle. Especially, high expression levels of Akirin2 were detected in the spleen, lung, and kidney whereas lower expression levels were seen in the liver, myocardium, leg muscle, abdominal muscle and longissimus dorsi muscle. Temporal mRNA expression showed that Akirin2 expression levels in the longissimus dorsi muscle, first increased then decreased from day 1 to month 12. Western blotting results showed that the Akirin2 protein was only detected in the lung and three skeletal muscle tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisi Ma
- Institution of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 46# Xinkang Road, Yucity District, Yaan 625014, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Gangyi Xu
- Institution of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 46# Xinkang Road, Yucity District, Yaan 625014, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Lu Wan
- Institution of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 46# Xinkang Road, Yucity District, Yaan 625014, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Nianlu Wang
- Institution of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 46# Xinkang Road, Yucity District, Yaan 625014, Sichuan Province, China
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86
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Lian T, Wang L, Liu Y. A New Insight into the Role of Calpains in Post-mortem Meat Tenderization in Domestic Animals: A review. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2014; 26:443-54. [PMID: 25049808 PMCID: PMC4093471 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2012.12365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Revised: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 09/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Tenderness is the most important meat quality trait, which is determined by intracellular environment and extracellular matrix. Particularly, specific protein degradation and protein modification can disrupt the architecture and integrity of muscle cells so that improves the meat tenderness. Endogenous proteolytic systems are responsible for modifying proteinases as well as the meat tenderization. Abundant evidence has testified that calpains (CAPNs) including calpain I (CAPN1) and calpastatin (CAST) have the closest relationship with tenderness in livestock. They are involved in a wide range of physiological processes including muscle growth and differentiation, pathological conditions and post-mortem meat aging. Whereas, Calpain3 (CAPN3) has been established as an important activating enzyme specifically expressed in livestock's skeletal muscle, but its role in domestic animals meat tenderization remains controversial. In this review, we summarize the role of CAPN1, calpain II (CAPN2) and CAST in post-mortem meat tenderization, and analyse the relationship between CAPN3 and tenderness in domestic animals. Besides, the possible mechanism affecting post-mortem meat aging and improving meat tenderization, and current possible causes responsible for divergence (whether CAPN3 contributes to animal meat tenderization or not) are inferred. Only the possible mechanism of CAPN3 in meat tenderization has been confirmed, while its exact role still needs to be studied further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Lian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, China
| | - Linjie Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, China
| | - Yiping Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, China
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87
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Kim HW, Choi MS, Hwang KE, Song DH, Kim YJ, Ham YK, Chang SJ, Lim YB, Choi YS, Kim CJ. Effect of Mixing Ratio between Pork Loin and Chicken Breast on Textural and Sensory Properties of Emulsion Sausages. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2014; 34:133-40. [PMID: 26760930 PMCID: PMC4597840 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2014.34.2.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study is conducted to evaluate the effects of the mixing ratio between pork loin and chicken breast for textural and sensory properties of emulsion sausages. Meat homogenates are prepared by using five mixing ratios between pork loin and chicken breast (100:0, 70:30, 50:50, 30:70, and 0:100), and the emulsion sausages are also formulated with five mixing ratios. The additions of chicken breast increase the salt soluble protein solubility due to high pH levels of chicken breast, thereby resulting in the reduction of cooking losses. In addition, the apparent viscosity of meat homogenates increase with increasing amounts of chicken breast. In terms of emulsion sausages formulated with pork loin and chicken breast, the addition of chicken breast above 50% may contribute to a softer and more flexible texture of emulsion sausages. For sensory evaluations, an increase in the added amount of chicken breast contributes to a rich umami taste and deeper flavor within the emulsion sausages, resulting in the high overall acceptance score for the formulation of 0-30% pork loin and 70-100% chicken breast. Therefore, the optimal mixing ratios between pork loin and chicken breast are 0-30% and 70-100% for enhancing the textural and sensory properties of emulsion sausages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Cheon-Jei Kim
- Corresponding author: Cheon-Jei Kim, Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea. Tel: 82-2-450-3684, Fax: 82-2-444-6695, E-mail:
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88
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Wan L, Ma J, Xu G, Wang D, Wang N. Molecular cloning, structural analysis and tissue expression of protein phosphatase 3 catalytic subunit alpha isoform (PPP3CA) gene in Tianfu goat muscle. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:2346-58. [PMID: 24514563 PMCID: PMC3958854 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15022346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcineurin, a Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase, plays a critical role in controlling skeletal muscle fiber type. However, little information is available concerning the expression of calcineurin in goat. Therefore, protein phosphatase 3 catalytic subunit alpha isoform (PPP3CA) gene, also called calcineurin Aα, was cloned and its expression characterized in Tianfu goat muscle. Real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analyses revealed that Tianfu goat PPP3CA was detected in cardiac muscle, biceps femoris muscle, abdominal muscle, longissimus dors muscle, and soleus muscle. High expression levels were found in biceps femoris muscle, longissimus muscle and abdominal muscle (p < 0.01), and low expression levels were seen in cardiac muscle and soleus muscle (p > 0.05). In addition, the spatial-temporal mRNA expression levels showed different variation trends in different muscles with the age of the goats. Western blotting further revealed that PPP3CA protein was expressed in the above-mentioned tissues, with the highest level in biceps femoris muscle, and the lowest level in soleus muscle. In this study, we isolated the full-length coding sequence of Tianfu goat PPP3CA gene, analyzed its structure, and investigated its expression in different muscle tissues from different age stages. These results provide a foundation for understanding the function of the PPP3CA gene in goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wan
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jisi Ma
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China.
| | - Gangyi Xu
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China.
| | - Daihua Wang
- Mianyang Agriculture Bureau, Mianyang 621000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Nianlu Wang
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China.
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89
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Wan L, Ma J, Wang N, Wang D, Xu G. Molecular cloning and characterization of different expression of MYOZ2 and MYOZ3 in Tianfu goat. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82550. [PMID: 24367523 PMCID: PMC3867352 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The myozenin family of proteins binds calcineurin, which is involved in myocyte differentiation of skeletal muscle. Moreover, gene expression of myozenin is closely related to meat quality. To further understand the functions and effects of myozenin2 (MYOZ2) and myozenin3 (MYOZ3) genes in goat, we cloned them from Tianfu goat longissimus dorsi muscle. Sequence analyses revealed that full-length coding sequence of MYOZ2 consisted of 795 bp and encoded 264 amino acids, and full-length coding sequence of MYOZ3 consisted of 735 bp and encoded 244 amino acids. RT-qPCR analyses revealed that mRNA expressions of MYOZ2 and MYOZ3 were detected in heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, leg muscle, abdominal muscle, and longissimus dorsi muscle. Particularly high expression levels of MYOZ2 were seen in abdominal muscle and heart (P<0.01), low expression levels were seen in leg muscle (P<0.01), longissimus dorsi muscle (P>0.05) and very little expression were detected in liver, spleen, lung and kidney (P>0.05). In addition, high expression levels of MYOZ3 were seen in abdominal muscle, leg muscle, lungs and kidney (P<0.01), low expression levels were found in longissimus dorsi muscle and spleen (P<0.01) and very little expression were detected in heart and liver (P>0.05). Temporal mRNA expression results showed that MYOZ2 and MYOZ3 gene expression varied across four muscle tissues with different ages of the goats. Western blotting further revealed that MYOZ2 and MYOZ3 proteins were only expressed in goat muscle, with notable temporal expression differences in specialized muscle tissues from five development age stages. This work provides the first evidence that MYOZ2 and MYOZ3 genes are expressed abundantly in Tianfu goat muscle tissues from different development age stages, and lay a foundation for understanding the functions of MYOZ2 and MYOZ3 genes in muscle fiber differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wan
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, Sichuan, China
| | - Jisi Ma
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, Sichuan, China
| | - Nianlu Wang
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, Sichuan, China
| | - Daihua Wang
- Mianyang Agriculture Bureau, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Gangyi Xu
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, Sichuan, China
- * E-mail:
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90
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Eskandari MH, Majlesi M, Gheisari HR, Farahnaky A, Khaksar Z. Comparison of some physicochemical properties and toughness of camel meat and beef. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2013.792735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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91
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An NMR-based metabolomics study of pork from different crossbreeds and relation to sensory perception. Meat Sci 2013; 96:719-28. [PMID: 24200563 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2013.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Meat extracts from five different pig crossbreeds including Duroc/Landrace/Yorkshire (DLY), Iberian/Duroc (ID), Iberian/Duroc/Landrace (ILY), Mangalitza/Duroc (MD), and Mangalitza/Landrace/Yorkshire (MLY) were analysed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics. The results were compared with technological traits and sensory analyses in order to elucidate the potential of NMR-based metabolomics to highlight meat metabolites of importance for technological and sensory attributes of meat. Amino acids including alanine, carnosine, isoleucine, methionine, phenylalanine, and valine, as well as lactate, inosine monophosphate (IMP), inosine, glycerol and choline-containing compounds were found to be significantly affected by crossbreed. The breed-specific differences in the metabolome were ascribed to differences in ante mortem metabolism, differences in the membrane properties and glycolytic potential of muscle fibres and differences in lipolysis and proteolysis. A high content of carnosine in the meat was associated with a low value of many sensory attributes related to meat flavor/taste, while IMP and inosine were in general not correlated with sensory attributes related to meat flavor/taste.
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92
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Effects of myogenin on muscle fiber types and key metabolic enzymes in gene transfer mice and C2C12 myoblasts. Gene 2013; 532:246-52. [PMID: 24055422 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle fiber type composition is one of the important factors influencing muscle growth and meat quality. As a member of the myogenic transcription factors, myogenin (MyoG) is required for embryonic myoblast differentiation, but the expression of MyoG continues in mature muscle tissue of adult animals, especially in oxidative metabolic muscle, which suggests that MyoG may play a more extended role. Therefore, using MyoG gene transfer mice and C2C12 myoblasts as in vivo and in vitro models, respectively, we elected to study the role of MyoG in muscle fiber types and oxidative metabolism by using overexpression and siRNA suppression strategies. The overexpression of MyoG by DNA electroporation in mouse gastrocnemius muscle had no significant effect on fiber type composition but upregulated the mRNA expression (P<0.01) and enzyme activity (P<0.05) of oxidative succinic dehydrogenase (SDH). In addition, downregulation of the activity of the glycolytic enzymes lactate dehydrogenase (LDH, P<0.05) and pyruvate kinase (PK, P<0.05) was observed in MyoG gene transfer mice. In vitro experiments verified the results obtained in mice. Stable MyoG-transfected differentiating C2C12 cells showed higher mRNA expression levels of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoform IIX (P<0.01) and SDH (P<0.05), while the LDH mRNA was attenuated. The enzyme activities of SDH (P<0.01) and LDH (P<0.05) were similarly altered at the mRNA level. When MyoG was knocked down in C2C12 cells, MyHC IIX expression (P<0.05) was decreased, but the mRNA level (P<0.05) and the enzyme activity (P<0.05) of SDH were increased. Downregulating MyoG also increased the activity of the glycolytic enzymes PK (P<0.05) and hexokinase (HK, P<0.05). Based on those results, we concluded that MyoG barely changes the MyHC isoforms, except MyHC IIX, in differentiating myoblasts but probably influences the shift from glycolytic metabolism towards oxidative metabolism both in vivo and in vitro. These results contribute to further understand the role of MyoG in skeletal muscle energy metabolism and also help to explore the key genes that regulate meat quality.
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93
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Reina R, Sánchez del Pulgar J, Tovar J, López-Buesa P, García C. Quality of Dry-Cured Ham Compared with Quality of Dry-Cured Shoulder. J Food Sci 2013; 78:S1282-9. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Reina
- Dept. of Animal Production and Food Science; Univ. of Extremadura; 10003; Cáceres; Spain
| | | | - Jorge Tovar
- Dept. of Animal Production and Food Science; Univ. of Extremadura; 10003; Cáceres; Spain
| | - Pascual López-Buesa
- Dept. of Animal Production and Food Science; Univ. of Zaragoza; 50013; Zaragoza; Spain
| | - Carmen García
- Dept. of Animal Production and Food Science; Univ. of Extremadura; 10003; Cáceres; Spain
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94
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Zhang YF, Yuan ZQ, Song DG, Zhou XH, Wang YZ. Effects ofcannabinoid receptor 1 (brain)on lipid accumulation by transcriptional control ofCPT1AandCPT1B. Anim Genet 2013; 45:38-47. [DOI: 10.1111/age.12078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y.-F. Zhang
- Key laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science; Ministry of Agriculture; Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition; Institute of Feed Science; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Z.-Q. Yuan
- Key laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science; Ministry of Agriculture; Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition; Institute of Feed Science; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - D.-G. Song
- Key laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science; Ministry of Agriculture; Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition; Institute of Feed Science; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - X.-H. Zhou
- Key laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science; Ministry of Agriculture; Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition; Institute of Feed Science; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Y.-Z. Wang
- Key laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science; Ministry of Agriculture; Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition; Institute of Feed Science; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310058 China
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95
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Reina R, Sánchez del Pulgar J, López-Buesa P, García C. Amino acid and nucleotide contents and sensory traits of dry-cured products from pigs with different genotypes. Meat Sci 2013; 96:230-6. [PMID: 23916958 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2013.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The free amino acid and nucleotide contents of dry-cured ham, shoulder and loin from two genetic lines selected from pigs according to the paternal allele (homozygous AA and heterozygous AG) of the insulin-like growth factor-II gene were studied by HPLC. Their influence on the flavor and taste characteristics was also studied. The increase of lean content caused by the IGF-II mutation could affect proteolysis during the ripening process and therefore the sensory characteristics. The lower intramuscular fat content in the AA ham batch had a positive effect on the free amino acid content. However, similar flavor traits between ham batches were found, but the AG loin batch showed greater value. The enhancing effect of the IMP on the overall flavor intensity was limited by the amino acid and the IMF contents in dry-cured ham and loin, while in dry-cured shoulder, the IMP could be the reason for the significant differences in after taste and cured flavor scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Reina
- Department of Animal Production and Food Science, University of Extremadura, 10071 Cáceres, Spain.
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96
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Relationships of myosin heavy chain fibre types to meat quality traits in traditional and modern pigs. Meat Sci 2013; 64:93-103. [PMID: 22062667 DOI: 10.1016/s0309-1740(02)00208-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2002] [Revised: 07/15/2002] [Accepted: 08/05/2002] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Porcine skeletal muscle fibres were molecularly classified, using in situ hybridisation and immunocytochemistry, into four types, according to the isoform of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) that was present in each fibre (MyHC slow/I, MyHC 2a, MyHC 2x and MyHC 2b). The relationship between MyHC fibre types and meat quality traits between two phenotypically divergent muscles [longissimus dorsi (LD) and psoas], and between the same muscles of different breeds (traditional Berkshire and Tamworth, and modern Duroc-based and Large White-based) were examined. We found that the greater abundance of fast oxidative-glycolytic MyHC 2a and 2x fibres in the psoas was associated with superior meat quality traits, and that the greater presence of fast glycolytic MyHC 2b fibres in the LD could account for less favourable quality traits, both in terms of pH, drip loss, grain, colour, yield force and work done. Although significant correlations were found between specific fibre types and quality traits, within either the psoas or LD muscle of some breeds, no consistent correlation was found across both muscles and all breeds. This finding was in line with the view that a given fibre type could have considerable differences in phenotype between breeds, and between muscles. The observed inverse compositional and functional-meat quality relationship between MyHC 2b and 2x fibres, and MyHC 2b and 2a fibres could form a basis of fibre type manipulation to improve meat quality.
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97
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Choi Y, Nam K, Choe J, Ryu Y, Wick M, Lee K, Kim B. Growth, carcass, fiber type, and meat quality characteristics in Large White pigs with different live weights. Livest Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2013.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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98
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Characterization of Longissimus thoracis, Semitendinosus and Masseter muscles and relationships with technological quality in pigs. 2. Composition of muscles. Meat Sci 2013; 94:417-23. [PMID: 23566688 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2013.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The composition of three porcine muscles (Longissimus thoracis: LT, Semitendinosus: ST, Masseter: MS) was characterized and its link with muscle quality was evaluated. The LT muscle had a higher content of tyrosine, tryptophan, and carbohydrates and a lower content of vitamin E and haem iron than the MS muscle, while the ST had similar composition to MS but a lower content of haem iron. Large differences between muscles were observed in relative amounts of most of the major fatty acids. The LT muscle had higher saturated fatty acids (SFA) and n-6:n-3 fatty acid ratio, and lower polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), PUFA:SFA ratio, unsaturation index and average fatty acid chain length than the ST and MS muscles. Muscle pH, redness and chroma were positively correlated with vitamin E and unsaturated lipids and negatively correlated with tyrosine, tryptophan, carbohydrates and saturated lipids, whereas muscle lightness and expressible juice showed similar correlations but an opposite sign with these variables.
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99
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Realini CE, Vénien A, Gou P, Gatellier P, Pérez-Juan M, Danon J, Astruc T. Characterization of Longissimus thoracis, Semitendinosus and Masseter muscles and relationships with technological quality in pigs. 1. Microscopic analysis of muscles. Meat Sci 2013; 94:408-16. [PMID: 23566687 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2013.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Three porcine muscles (Longissimus thoracis, Semitendinosus, Masseter), known to have large differences in biochemical and histological traits, were fully characterized and the link between muscle structure and quality evaluated. The oxidative Masseter had more pigment, higher content of metmyoglobin, haem iron, protein and collagen, and was redder with higher fibre numbers, fibre circularity, pH and water holding capacity than the glycolytic Longissimus. Fibre type distribution showed predominance of type IIB in Longissimus and Semitendinosus white, type I in Semitendinosus red and IIA in Masseter. Type I fibres were larger than type IIB and IIA in Semitendinosus and Masseter, respectively, but not in the Longissimus, indicating that fibre size is muscle dependent. Muscle redness was positively correlated with type I fibre traits, haem iron and metmyoglobin, and negatively associated with type II fibre characteristics, non-haem iron and oxymyoglobin. Expressible juice had positive correlation with fibre size and negative with fibre number and connective tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Realini
- IRTA, Monells, Finca Camps i Armet, E-17121 Monells, Girona, Spain.
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100
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Bogucka J, Poławska E, Elminowska-Wenda G, Raj S, Sobolewska A, Walasik K, Skiba G, Weremko D, Fandrejewski H. Effect of nutritional regulation of growth on histochemical characteristics of muscles in pigs. ACTA AGR SCAND A-AN 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/09064702.2013.769620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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