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Cao S, Song J, Li H, Wang K, Li Y, Li Y, Lu F, Liu B. Improving characteristics of biochar produced from collagen-containing solid wastes based on protease application in leather production. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 105:531-539. [PMID: 32146414 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Preparation of biochar from industrial solid wastes is receiving increasing attention in recent years. In this paper, alkaline protease, neutral protease and collagenolytic protease are used in preliminary steps of leather production, which are expected to replace the traditional chemical agents while preserving quality of the finished leather. The protease application has remarkable positive influence towards characteristics of biochar prepared by collagen-containing solid wastes produced in preliminary steps. The enzymatic action time should be more than 3 h for complete permeation and catalysis, and the diameters of treated collagen fibers were in the range of 10 to 20 nm. The micro-cracks occurring on collagen fibers would have an obviously impact on the formation of biochar. The application of proteases reduce the pollution of traditional production through replacing traditional polluted chemicals, and the characteristics of biochars are obviously improved with good surface area and high carbon content approximately 70%. Its surface area can reach 967 m2/g. These biochars contain oxygen-containing functional groups, and the oxygen content of biochars are all over 20%. The enzyme application in leather production are effective to the properties of biochars prepared by collagen-containing solid wastes. This research can serve as a basis for the preparation of biochar derived from of natural bio-wastes thereby promoting the development of biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Cao
- School of Light Industry and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong, China; College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; School of Mechanical, Materials, and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
| | - Jinzhi Song
- School of Light Industry and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong, China
| | - Hao Li
- School of Light Industry and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong, China
| | - Ke Wang
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yanchun Li
- School of Light Industry and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong, China
| | - Yu Li
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Fuping Lu
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Room L1.42 Gorlaeus Laboratory, Leiden University, the Netherlands.
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Yuan F, Li K, Zhou C, Zhou H, Liu H, Chai H, Lu F, Zhang H. Identification of two novel highly inducible promoters from Bacillus licheniformis by screening transcriptomic data. Genomics 2020; 112:1866-1871. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2019.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Falade AO, Mabinya LV, Okoh AI, Nwodo UU. Studies on peroxidase production and detection of Sporotrichum thermophile-like catalase-peroxidase gene in a B acillus species isolated from Hogsback forest reserve, South Africa. Heliyon 2020; 5:e03012. [PMID: 31890960 PMCID: PMC6926187 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e03012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study sought to determine the process conditions for optimum peroxidase production by a Bacillus species (Bacillus sp. FALADE-1-KX640922) isolated from Hogsback forest reserve in South Africa and characterize the peroxidase gene in the bacteria. We optimized peroxidase production by manipulating the environmental and nutritional parameters under submerged fermentation. Subsequently, the gene encoding heme-peroxidase was determined through nested polymerase chain reaction and Sanger DNA sequencing. The studied bacteria had maximum peroxidase production at pH 8, 30 °C and 150 rpm. The addition of guaiacol to lignin fermentation medium enhanced peroxidase production by over 100 % in the studied bacteria. However, the other lignin monomers (veratryl alcohol, vanillin, vanillic acid and ferulic acid) repressed the enzyme activity. Modification of the fermentation medium with ammonium sulphate gave the maximum peroxidase yield (8.87 U mL−1). Under the predetermined culture conditions, Bacillus sp. FALADE-1 expressed maximum specific peroxidase activity at 48 h (8.32 U mg−1). Interestingly, a search of the sequenced gene in PeroxiBase showed 100% similarity to Sporotrichum thermophile catalase-peroxidase gene (katG), as well, the deduced protein sequence clustered with bacterial catalase-peroxidases and had a molecular weight of about 11.45 kDa with 7.01 as the estimated isoelectric point. Subsequently, the nucleotide sequence was deposited in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) repository with the accession number MF407314. In conclusion, Bacillus sp. FALADE-1 is a promising candidate for improved peroxidase production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayodeji O. Falade
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice, 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice, 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo, 351101, Ondo State, Nigeria
- Corresponding author.
| | - Leonard V. Mabinya
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice, 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice, 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa
| | - Anthony I. Okoh
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice, 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice, 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa
| | - Uchechukwu U. Nwodo
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice, 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice, 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa
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Kang E, Jin HS, La JW, Sung JY, Park SY, Kim WC, Lee DW. Identification of keratinases from Fervidobacterium islandicum AW-1 using dynamic gene expression profiling. Microb Biotechnol 2019; 13:442-457. [PMID: 31613061 PMCID: PMC7017815 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Keratin degradation is of great interest for converting agro‐industrial waste into bioactive peptides and is directly relevant for understanding the pathogenesis of superficial infections caused by dermatophytes. However, the mechanism of this process remains unclear. Here, we obtained the complete genome sequence of a feather‐degrading, extremely thermophilic bacterium, Fervidobacterium islandicum AW‐1 and performed bioinformatics‐based functional annotation. Reverse transcription PCR revealed that 57 putative protease‐encoding genes were differentially expressed in substrate‐dependent manners. Consequently, 16 candidate genes were highly expressed under starvation conditions, when keratin degradation begun. Subsequently, the dynamic expression profiles of these 16 selected genes in response to feathers, as determined via quantitative real‐time PCR, suggested that they included four metalloproteases and two peptidases including an ATP‐dependent serine protease, all of which might act as key players in feather decomposition. Furthermore, in vitro keratinolytic assays supported the notion that recombinant enzymes enhanced the decomposition of feathers in the presence of cell extracts. Therefore, our genome‐based systematic and dynamic expression profiling demonstrated that these identified metalloproteases together with two additional peptidases might be primarily associated with the decomposition of native feathers, suggesting that keratin degradation can be achieved via non‐canonical catalysis of several membrane‐associated metalloproteases in cooperation with cytosolic proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunju Kang
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
| | - Hyeon-Su Jin
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Jae Won La
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Jae-Yoon Sung
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Soo-Young Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Won-Chan Kim
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
| | - Dong-Woo Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
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Oztas Gulmus E, Gormez A. Characterization and biotechnological application of protease from thermophilic Thermomonas haemolytica. Arch Microbiol 2019; 202:153-159. [PMID: 31541265 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-019-01728-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In this study, it was aimed to determine the ability to produce protease enzyme of Thermomonas haemolytica isolated from geothermal Nenehatun hot spring in Turkey and utilization of this enzyme in the detergent industry to remove protein stains. The protease-producing strains were screened from hot springs, and a potential strain was identified as T. haemolytica according to morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics and sequence of 16S rRNA gene. Maximum protease activity was observed at 55 °C and pH 9.0 at 72 h of incubation. Activity was very stable between 50 and 65 °C and pH 8.0-10.0, respectively. The enzyme activity was significantly inhibited by PMSF and partly inhibited by EDTA, EGTA, SDS, and urea. Some divalent metal ions such as Ca2+, Mg2+, and Mn2+ increased the enzyme activity, while Zn2+ and Cu2+ decreased. Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) and maximum velocity (Vmax) values were calculated by Lineweaver-Burk plot as 125 EU/ml and 1262 mg/ml, respectively. The biochemical characterization of the protease obtained from T. haemolytica was performed and applied on the blood and grass-stained fabrics with detergent to evaluate the stain removal performance of the enzyme. It was observed that the application of detergent with enzyme was more effective than the detergent without enzyme to clean up the stained fabrics. This is the first report of characterization of the protease of T. haemolytica. According to results obtained from this study, this new strain is a promising candidate for industrial applications in production of detergent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Oztas Gulmus
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Arzu Gormez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey.
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Liu D, Huang J, Wu C, Liu C, Huang R, Wang W, Yin T, Yan X, He H, Chen L. Purification, Characterization, and Application for Preparation of Antioxidant Peptides of Extracellular Protease from Pseudoalteromonas sp. H2. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24183373. [PMID: 31527535 PMCID: PMC6766936 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24183373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The study reported on the isolation of a metalloprotease named EH2 from Pseudoalteromonas sp. H2. EH2 maintained more than 80% activity over a wide pH range of 5–10, and the stability was also nearly independent of pH. Over 65% activity was detected at a wide temperature range of 20–70 °C. The high stability of the protease in the presence of different surfactants and oxidizing agents was also observed. Moreover, we also investigated the antioxidant activities of the hydrolysates generated from porcine and salmon skin collagen by EH2. The results showed that salmon skin collagen hydrolysates demonstrated higher DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) (42.88% ± 1.85) and hydroxyl radical (61.83% ± 3.05) scavenging activity than porcine skin collagen. For oxygen radical absorbance capacity, the hydrolysates from porcine skin collagen had higher efficiency (7.72 ± 0.13 μmol·TE/μmol). Even 1 nM mixed peptides could effectively reduce the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species. The two types of substrates exerted the best antioxidant activity when hydrolyzed for 3 h. The hydrolysis time and type of substrate exerted important effects on the antioxidant properties of hydrolysates. The hydrolyzed peptides from meat collagens by proteases have good antioxidant activity, which may have implications for the potential application of marine proteases in the biocatalysis industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Jiafeng Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Cuiling Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi 046000, China
| | - Congling Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Ran Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Weng Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Tingting Yin
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Xiaotao Yan
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Hailun He
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.
| | - Leilei Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China.
- Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China.
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Thaz CJ, Jayaraman G. Calcium ion induced thermodynamic stability, bisubstrate specificity, and differential organic solvent tolerance of a predominantly β-sheet serine protease from Bacillus aquimaris VITP4. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2019; 66:955-961. [PMID: 31486109 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to get insights on the role of calcium ions on the thermodynamic stability, substrate specificity, and organic solvent compatibility of the extracellular protease produced by Bacillus aquimaris VITP4. Presence of Ca2+ enhanced the activity of the enzyme in the temperature range of 30-60 °C and increased the half-life from 164 to 234 Min. Circular dichroism experiments indicated that the temperature of half-denaturation (Tm ) of the protease increased from 76 to 86 °C. As judged by fluorescence emission profiles, the overall fold of the enzyme around the tryptophan residues could be similar. Further, thermal inactivation experiments revealed that the enzyme followed first order kinetics, with increase in energy for inactivation (Eai ) by 24.2 ± 1.2 kJ mol -1 in the presence of Ca2+ . Studies with synthetic peptides as well as with bovine serum albumin signified preferential hydrolysis of the peptide bonds at the C-terminus of alanine residues (with a kcat /KM of 141,400 M-1 Sec-1 ) and at the C-terminus of arginine residues with a lower specificity (72,400 M-1 Sec-1 ), indicating bisubstrate specificity of the enzyme. The enzyme was found to be compatible with organic solvents (50%, v/v) such as acetonitrile and butanol, indicating possible application under demanding nonaqueous conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chittoor Jabeena Thaz
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Gurunathan Jayaraman
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
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Enhanced production of alkaline protease by Neocosmospora sp. N1 using custard apple seed powder as inducer and its application for stain removal and dehairing. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Parageobacillus thermantarcticus, an Antarctic Cell Factory: From Crop Residue Valorization by Green Chemistry to Astrobiology Studies. DIVERSITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/d11080128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of Antarctic habitat biodiversity, both marine and terrestrial, has increased considerably in recent years, causing considerable development in the studies of life science related to Antarctica. In the Austral summer 1986–1987, a new thermophilic bacterium, Parageobacillus thermantarcticus strain M1 was isolated from geothermal soil of the crater of Mount Melbourne (74°22′ S, 164°40′ E) during the Italian Antarctic Expedition. In addition to the biotechnological potential due to the production of exopolysaccharides and thermostable enzymes, successful studies have demonstrated its use in the green chemistry for the transformation and valorization of residual biomass and its employment as a suitable microbial model for astrobiology studies. The recent acquisition of its genome sequence opens up new opportunities for the use of this versatile bacterium in still unexplored biotechnology sectors.
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Suberu Y, Akande I, Samuel T, Lawal A, Olaniran A. Cloning, expression, purification and characterisation of serine alkaline protease from Bacillus subtilis RD7. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Omrane Benmrad M, Mechri S, Zaraî Jaouadi N, Ben Elhoul M, Rekik H, Sayadi S, Bejar S, Kechaou N, Jaouadi B. Purification and biochemical characterization of a novel thermostable protease from the oyster mushroom Pleurotus sajor-caju strain CTM10057 with industrial interest. BMC Biotechnol 2019; 19:43. [PMID: 31262286 PMCID: PMC6604391 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-019-0536-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proteases are hydrolytic enzymes that catalyze peptide linkage cleavage reactions at the level of proteins and peptides with different degrees of specificity. This group draws the attention of industry. More than one protease in three is a serine protease. Classically, they are active at neutral to alkaline pH. The serine proteases are researched for industrial uses, especially detergents. They are the most commercially available enzyme group in the world market. Overall, fungi produced extracellular proteases, easily separated from mycelium by filtration. RESULTS A new basidiomycete fungus CTM10057, a hyperproducer of a novel protease (10,500 U/mL), was identified as Pleurotus sajor-caju (oyster mushroom). The enzyme, called SPPS, was purified to homogeneity by heat-treatment (80 °C for 20 min) followed by ammonium sulfate precipitation (35-55%)-dialysis, then UNO Q-6 FPLC ion-exchange chromatography and finally HPLC-ZORBAX PSM 300 HPSEC gel filtration chromatography, and submitted to biochemical characterization assays. The molecular mass was estimated to be 65 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), Native-PAGE, casein-zymography, and size exclusion by HPLC. A high homology with mushroom proteases was displayed by the first 26 amino-acid residues of the NH2-terminal aminoacid sequence. Phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) and diiodopropyl fluorophosphates (DFP) strongly inhibit SPPS, revealing that it is a member of the serine-proteases family. The pH and temperature optima were 9.5 and 70 °C, respectively. Interestingly, SPPS possesses the most elevated hydrolysis level and catalytic efficiency in comparison with SPTC, Flavourzyme® 500 L, and Thermolysin type X proteases. More remarkably, a high tolerance towards organic solvent tolerance was exhibited by SPPS, together with considerable detergent stability compared to the commercial proteases Thermolysin type X and Flavourzyme® 500 L, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This proves the excellent proprieties characterizing SPPS, making it a potential candidate for industrial applications especially detergent formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maroua Omrane Benmrad
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sondes Mechri
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nadia Zaraî Jaouadi
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
- Biotech ECOZYM Start-up, Business Incubator, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mouna Ben Elhoul
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
- Biotech ECOZYM Start-up, Business Incubator, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hatem Rekik
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
- Biotech ECOZYM Start-up, Business Incubator, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sami Sayadi
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses (LEBP), LMI COSYS-Med, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Samir Bejar
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
- Biotech ECOZYM Start-up, Business Incubator, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nabil Kechaou
- Research Group of Agro-Food Processing Engineering (GP2A), Laboratory of Applied Fluid Mechanics, Process Engineering and Environment, National School of Engineers of Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax, Road of Soukra Km 4, P.O. Box 1173, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Bassem Jaouadi
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia.
- Biotech ECOZYM Start-up, Business Incubator, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia.
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Razzaq A, Shamsi S, Ali A, Ali Q, Sajjad M, Malik A, Ashraf M. Microbial Proteases Applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:110. [PMID: 31263696 PMCID: PMC6584820 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of chemicals around the globe in different industries has increased tremendously, affecting the health of people. The modern world intends to replace these noxious chemicals with environmental friendly products for the betterment of life on the planet. Establishing enzymatic processes in spite of chemical processes has been a prime objective of scientists. Various enzymes, specifically microbial proteases, are the most essentially used in different corporate sectors, such as textile, detergent, leather, feed, waste, and others. Proteases with respect to physiological and commercial roles hold a pivotal position. As they are performing synthetic and degradative functions, proteases are found ubiquitously, such as in plants, animals, and microbes. Among different producers of proteases, Bacillus sp. are mostly commercially exploited microbes for proteases. Proteases are successfully considered as an alternative to chemicals and an eco-friendly indicator for nature or the surroundings. The evolutionary relationship among acidic, neutral, and alkaline proteases has been analyzed based on their protein sequences, but there remains a lack of information that regulates the diversity in their specificity. Researchers are looking for microbial proteases as they can tolerate harsh conditions, ways to prevent autoproteolytic activity, stability in optimum pH, and substrate specificity. The current review focuses on the comparison among different proteases and the current problems faced during production and application at the industrial level. Deciphering these issues would enable us to promote microbial proteases economically and commercially around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Razzaq
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Sadia Shamsi
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, The Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Arfan Ali
- 1-FB, Genetics, Four Brothers Group, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Qurban Ali
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sajjad
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Arif Malik
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
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Müller J, Hütterott A, Habicher T, Mußmann N, Büchs J. Validation of the transferability of membrane-based fed-batch shake flask cultivations to stirred-tank reactor using three different protease producing Bacillus strains. J Biosci Bioeng 2019; 128:599-605. [PMID: 31151898 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Most industrial fermentation processes are operated in fed-batch mode to overcome catabolite repression, undesired by-product formation and oxygen limitation. To maintain comparable process conditions during screening of optimal production strains, the implementation of a fed-batch mode at small scale is crucial. In this study, three different protease producing Bacillus species, Bacillus aeolius, B. licheniformis and B. pumilus, were cultivated using the previously described membrane-based fed-batch shake flasks. Under carbon-limited conditions, catabolite repression was avoided, so that proteases were produced in all strains. Protease yields of B. aeolius and B. licheniformis increased 1.5-fold relative to batch cultivations. To validate process scalability between shake flasks and stirred tank reactors, membrane-based fed-batch shake flask cultivations were transferred to laboratory-scale stirred tank reactors with equal feeding rates. Despite inevitable differences between the scales such as pH control, feed supply and feed start, comparable results were achieved. Oxygen transfer rates of B. licheniformis and B. pumilus measured with the respiration activity monitoring system (RAMOS) in shake flasks and in stirred tank reactor with an off-gas analyzer were almost identical in both cultivation systems. The protease activities referring to the total consumed glucose were also mostly comparable. A slight decrease from shake flask to stirred tank reactor could be observed, which is presumably due to differences in pH control. This study successfully demonstrates the transferability of membrane-based fed-batch shake flask cultivations to laboratory-scale stirred tank reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Müller
- AVT - Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 51, Aachen 52074, Germany.
| | - Anne Hütterott
- AVT - Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 51, Aachen 52074, Germany.
| | - Tobias Habicher
- AVT - Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 51, Aachen 52074, Germany.
| | - Nina Mußmann
- International R&D Laundry and Homecare, Henkel AG & Co KGaA, Henkelstr. 67, Düsseldorf 40589, Germany.
| | - Jochen Büchs
- AVT - Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 51, Aachen 52074, Germany.
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64
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Snyman C, Theron LW, Divol B. Understanding the regulation of extracellular protease gene expression in fungi: a key step towards their biotechnological applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:5517-5532. [PMID: 31129742 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09902-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The secretion of proteases by certain species of yeast and filamentous fungi is of importance not only for their biological function and survival, but also for their biotechnological application to various processes in the food, beverage, and bioprocessing industries. A key step towards understanding the role that these organisms play in their environment, and how their protease-secreting ability may be optimally utilised through industrial applications, involves an evaluation of those factors which influence protease production. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of the findings from investigations directed at elucidating the regulatory mechanisms underlying extracellular protease secretion in yeast and filamentous fungi, and the environmental stimuli that elicit these responses. The influence of nitrogen-, carbon-, and sulphur-containing compounds, as well as proteins, temperature, and pH, on extracellular protease regulation, which is frequently exerted at the transcriptional level, is discussed in particular depth. Protease-secreting organisms of biotechnological interest are also presented in this context, in an effort to explore the areas of industrial significance that could possibly benefit from such knowledge. In this way, the establishment of a platform of existing knowledge regarding fungal protease regulation is attempted, with the particular goal of aiding in the practical application of these organisms to processes that require secretion of this enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Snyman
- Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - L W Theron
- Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - B Divol
- Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa.
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Scalone GLL, Lamichhane P, Cucu T, De Kimpe N, De Meulenaer B. Impact of different enzymatic hydrolysates of whey protein on the formation of pyrazines in Maillard model systems. Food Chem 2019; 278:533-544. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.11.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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66
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Allala F, Bouacem K, Boucherba N, Azzouz Z, Mechri S, Sahnoun M, Benallaoua S, Hacene H, Jaouadi B, Bouanane-Darenfed A. Purification, biochemical, and molecular characterization of a novel extracellular thermostable and alkaline α-amylase from Tepidimonas fonticaldi strain HB23. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 132:558-574. [PMID: 30928371 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.03.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the purification, biochemical, and molecular characterization of a novel thermostable α-amylase (TfAmy48) from Tepidimonas fonticaldi strain HB23. MALDI-TOF/MS analysis indicated that the purified enzyme is a monomer with a molecular mass of 48,138.10 Da. The results from amino-acid sequence analysis revealed high homology between the 25 NH2-terminal residues of TfAmy48 and those of Gammaproteobacteria α-amylases. The optimum pH and temperature values for α-amylase activity were pH 8 and 80 °C, respectively. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) analysis showed that the final hydrolyzed products of the enzyme from soluble potato starch were maltopentaose, maltose, and maltotriose, which indicate that TfAmy48 possessed an endo-acting pattern. Compared to Termamyl®300 L, TfAmy48 showed extreme stability and tolerance towards organic solvents and excellent compatibility with some commercial laundry detergents. These proprieties make TfAmy48 enzyme a potential candidate as a cleaning bioadditive in detergent composition. The Tfamy48 gene encoding TfAmy48 was cloned, sequenced, and heterologously-expressed in the extracellular fraction of Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3)pLysS. The biochemical properties of the extracellular purified recombinant enzyme (rTfAmy48) were similar to those of native one. The highest sequence identity value (97%) was obtained with PsAmy1 α-amylase from Pseudomonas sp. strain KFCC10818, with only 16 amino-acid (aa) residues of difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawzi Allala
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology (LCMB), Microbiology Team, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), P.O. Box 32, El Alia, Bab Ezzouar, 16111, Algiers, Algeria; Laboratory of Applied Microbiology (LAM), Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Bejaïa, Targa Ouzemmour, 06000 Bejaïa, Algeria
| | - Khelifa Bouacem
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology (LCMB), Microbiology Team, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), P.O. Box 32, El Alia, Bab Ezzouar, 16111, Algiers, Algeria; Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
| | - Nawel Boucherba
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology (LAM), Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Bejaïa, Targa Ouzemmour, 06000 Bejaïa, Algeria.
| | - Zahra Azzouz
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology (LAM), Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Bejaïa, Targa Ouzemmour, 06000 Bejaïa, Algeria
| | - Sondes Mechri
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
| | - Mouna Sahnoun
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
| | - Said Benallaoua
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology (LAM), Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Bejaïa, Targa Ouzemmour, 06000 Bejaïa, Algeria
| | - Hocine Hacene
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology (LCMB), Microbiology Team, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), P.O. Box 32, El Alia, Bab Ezzouar, 16111, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Bassem Jaouadi
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, Sfax 3018, Tunisia; Biotech ECOZYM Start-up, Business Incubator, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P.O. Box 1177, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
| | - Amel Bouanane-Darenfed
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology (LCMB), Microbiology Team, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), P.O. Box 32, El Alia, Bab Ezzouar, 16111, Algiers, Algeria.
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67
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Nguyen TTH, Myrold DD, Mueller RS. Distributions of Extracellular Peptidases Across Prokaryotic Genomes Reflect Phylogeny and Habitat. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:413. [PMID: 30891022 PMCID: PMC6411800 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteinaceous compounds are abundant forms of organic nitrogen in soil and aquatic ecosystems, and the rate of protein depolymerization, which is accomplished by a diverse range of microbial secreted peptidases, often limits nitrogen turnover in the environment. To determine if the distribution of secreted peptidases reflects the ecological and evolutionary histories of different taxa, we analyzed their distribution across prokaryotic lineages. Peptidase gene sequences of 147 archaeal and 2,191 bacterial genomes from the MEROPS database were screened for secretion signals, resulting in 55,072 secreted peptidases belonging to 148 peptidase families. These data, along with their corresponding 16S rRNA sequences, were used in our analysis. Overall, Bacteria had a much wider collection of secreted peptidases, higher average numbers of secreted peptidases per genome, and more unique peptidase families than Archaea. We found that the distribution of secreted peptidases corresponded to phylogenetic relationships among Bacteria and Archaea and often segregated according to microbial lifestyles, suggesting that the secreted peptidase complements of microbial taxa are optimized for the environmental microhabitats they occupy. Our analyses provide the groundwork for examining the specific functional role of families of secreted peptidases in relationship to the organisms and the corresponding environments in which they function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang T. H. Nguyen
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - David D. Myrold
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Ryan S. Mueller
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
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68
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Insect gut as a bioresource for potential enzymes - an unexploited area for industrial biotechnology. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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69
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Nazari L, Mehrabi M. Purification and characterization of an extracellular thermotolerant alkaliphilic serine protease secreted from newly isolated Bacillus sp. DEM07 from a hot spring in Dehloran, Iran. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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70
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Venkatachalam P, Nadumane VK. Purification and Characterization of a Protease Inhibitor with Anticancer Potential from Bacillus endophyticus JUPR15. CURRENT CANCER THERAPY REVIEWS 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573394714666180321150605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Introduction:Introduction: Protease Inhibitors (PIs) constitute a group of proteins widely distributed among all organisms and their main function includes their ability to inhibit the proteolytic activity. PIs represent an important role in the regulation of various cellular physiological and biological processes, including cell cycle, cell death, differentiation and immune response.Material and Methods:Hence, in our search for novel anticancer compounds, we isolated microorganisms from various environmental sources and screened them for the production of protease inhibitors. Promising isolates were further checked for their protease inhibitory activity by their ability to inhibit the activity of trypsin and chymotrypsin, which were measured spectrophotometrically.Results:The isolate identified as Bacillus endophyticus JUPR15 was found to be promising with higher inhibitory activity than the other isolates. The inhibitor was purified by cold acetone precipitation and column chromatography and further subjected to characterization studies by performing 12 % SDS-PAGE to determine the molecular weight and gelatin-PAGE assay to confirm its inhibitory activity.Conclusion:The isolate exhibited promising anticancer activity on in-vitro Hela and HepG2 cancer cell lines, showing its application potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prerana Venkatachalam
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Sciences, Jain University, Jayanagar, Bengaluru-560 011, India
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71
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Kaur N, Gat Y, Panghal A. Cost-Effective Purification and Characterization of an Industrially Important Alkaline Protease from a Newly Isolated Strain of Bacillussp. ICTF2. Ind Biotechnol (New Rochelle N Y) 2019. [DOI: 10.1089/ind.2018.0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Narinder Kaur
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, India
| | - Yogesh Gat
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, India
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Anil Panghal
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, India
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Gurumallesh P, Alagu K, Ramakrishnan B, Muthusamy S. A systematic reconsideration on proteases. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 128:254-267. [PMID: 30664968 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.01.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Proteases are a group of large complex enzyme molecules that perform highly focused proteolysis functions. A vast quantity of the protease enzymes is predominantly sourced from microbial fermentation process, although proteases tend to natively present in plant, animals and humans. Proteases possess a pervasive importance in medical and pharmaceutical sector, because of its enriched specificity towards biomolecules. They are also actively encompassed in regulating certain physiological pathways. A distinct territory of human disorders is treated by substrate specific proteases. Enormous numbers of catalytic activities in habitual metabolism process of a living organism are protease dependent. Pilot scale researches and product development in industrial biotechnology sectors are wholly based on any one of the protease enzymes. The applications of the protease enzymes and its economic benefits of being an eco-friendly material are far-reaching. This review presents a brief overview on the classification and sources of various types of proteases. We describe the essential evidences of role of protease in different sectors. The proteases could be a potential relieves to harmful synthetic chemicals in distinctive industrial processes and thus gains global perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poorani Gurumallesh
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, India
| | - Kamalini Alagu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, India
| | - Baskar Ramakrishnan
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, India.
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Rekik H, Zaraî Jaouadi N, Gargouri F, Bejar W, Frikha F, Jmal N, Bejar S, Jaouadi B. Production, purification and biochemical characterization of a novel detergent-stable serine alkaline protease from Bacillus safensis strain RH12. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 121:1227-1239. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.10.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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74
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Statistical optimization of xylanase and alkaline protease co-production by Bacillus spp using Box-Behnken Design under submerged fermentation using wheat bran as a substrate. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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75
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Furhan J, Awasthi P, Sharma S. Biochemical characterization and homology modelling of cold-active alkophilic protease from Northwestern Himalayas and its application in detergent industry. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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76
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Hussain F, Arana-Peña S, Morellon-Sterling R, Barbosa O, Braham SA, Kamal S, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Further Stabilization of Alcalase Immobilized on Glyoxyl Supports: Amination Plus Modification with Glutaraldehyde. Molecules 2018; 23:E3188. [PMID: 30513981 PMCID: PMC6320783 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcalase was immobilized on glyoxyl 4% CL agarose beads. This permitted to have Alcalase preparations with 50% activity retention versus Boc-l-alanine 4-nitrophenyl ester. However, the recovered activity versus casein was under 20% at 50 °C, as it may be expected from the most likely area of the protein involved in the immobilization. The situation was different at 60 °C, where the activities of immobilized and free enzyme became similar. The chemical amination of the immobilized enzyme or the treatment of the enzyme with glutaraldehyde did not produce any significant stabilization (a factor of 2) with high costs in terms of activity. However, the modification with glutaraldehyde of the previously aminated enzyme permitted to give a jump in Alcalase stability (e.g., with most than 80% of enzyme activity retention for the modified enzyme and less than 30% for the just immobilized enzyme in stress inactivation at pH 7 or 9). This preparation could be used in the hydrolysis of casein at pH 9 even at 67 °C, retaining around 50% of the activity after 5 hydrolytic cycles when the just immobilized preparation was almost inactive after 3 cycles. The modified enzyme can be reused in hydrolysis of casein at 45 °C and pH 9 for 6 cycles (6 h) without any decrease in enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fouzia Hussain
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Sara Arana-Peña
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Oveimar Barbosa
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias. Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué 546, Colombia.
| | - Sabrina Ait Braham
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologies Végétales et Ethnobotanique, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia 06000, Algeria.
| | - Shagufta Kamal
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
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A novel alkaline protease from alkaliphilic Idiomarina sp. C9-1 with potential application for eco-friendly enzymatic dehairing in the leather industry. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16467. [PMID: 30405184 PMCID: PMC6220337 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34416-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkaline proteases have a myriad of potential applications in many industrial processes such as detergent, food and feed production, waste management and the leather industry. In this study, we isolated several alkaline protease producing bacteria from soda lake soil samples. A novel serine alkaline protease (AprA) gene from alkaliphilic Idiomarina sp. C9-1 was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The purified AprA and its pre-peptidase C-terminal (PPC) domain-truncated enzyme (AprA-PPC) showed maximum activity at pH 10.5 and 60 °C, and were active and stable in a wide range of pH and temperature. Ca2+ significantly improved the thermostability and increased the optimal temperature to 70 °C. Furthermore, both AprA and AprA-PPC showed good tolerance to surfactants and oxidizing and reducing agents. We found that the PPC domain contributed to AprA activity, thermostability and surfactant tolerance. With casein as substrate, AprA and AprA-PPC showed the highest specific activity of 42567.1 U mg−1 and 99511.9 U mg−1, the Km values of 3.76 mg ml−1 and 3.98 mg ml−1, and the Vmax values of 57538.5 U mg−1 and 108722.1 U mg−1, respectively. Secreted expression of AprA-PPC in Bacillus subtilis after 48 h cultivation resulted in yield of 4935.5 U ml−1 with productivity of 102.8 U ml−1 h−1, which is the highest reported in literature to date. Without adding any lime or sodium sulfide, both of which are harmful pollutants, AprA-PPC was effective in dehairing cattle hide and skins of goat, pig and rabbit in 8–12 h without causing significant damage to hairs and grain surface. Our results suggest that AprA-PPC may have great potentials for ecofriendly dehairing of animal skins in the leather industry.
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78
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Omrane Benmrad M, Moujehed E, Ben Elhoul M, Mechri S, Bejar S, Zouari R, Baffoun A, Jaouadi B. Production, purification, and biochemical characterization of serine alkaline protease from Penicillium chrysogenium strain X5 used as excellent bio-additive for textile processing. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 119:1002-1016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.07.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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79
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Gulmez C, Altinkaynak C, Özdemir N, Atakisi O. Proteinase K hybrid nanoflowers (P-hNFs) as a novel nanobiocatalytic detergent additive. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 119:803-810. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.07.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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80
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Arokiyaraj S, Varghese R, Ali Ahmed B, Duraipandiyan V, Al-Dhabi NA. Optimizing the fermentation conditions and enhanced production of keratinase from Bacillus cereus isolated from halophilic environment. Saudi J Biol Sci 2018; 26:378-381. [PMID: 31485181 PMCID: PMC6717132 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratinase degrading Bacillus cereus was isolated from the halophilic environment in Tamilnadu, India and keratinase production was optimized using wheat bran substrate. Of the screened bacterial isolates, four were found to have the ability to produce keratinolytic enzyme. The process parameters were optimized using one-variable-at-a-time approach and response surface methodology. Supplementation of 1% lactose supported more keratinase production (120 U/g). Among the selected nitrogen sources, addition of casein significantly enhanced maximum keratinase production (132.5 U/g). Among the ions, manganese chloride significantly enhanced keratinsase production (102.6 U/g), however addition of zinc sulphate and copper sulphate decreased keratinase production. The maximum keratinase production was obtained in the wheat bran medium containing 1% lactose, 0.5% manganese with 80% moisture (292 U/g). Statistics based contour plots were generated to explore the variations in the response surface and to find the relationship between the keratinase yield and the bioprocess conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Arokiyaraj
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Sejong University, Republic of Korea
| | - R Varghese
- Department of Biotechnology, PRIST University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu 613401, India
| | - B Ali Ahmed
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - V Duraipandiyan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - N A Al-Dhabi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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81
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Mokashe N, Chaudhari B, Patil U. Operative utility of salt-stable proteases of halophilic and halotolerant bacteria in the biotechnology sector. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 117:493-522. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.05.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
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82
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Fiebig D, Storka J, Roeder M, Meyners C, Schmelz S, Blankenfeldt W, Scrima A, Kolmar H, Fuchsbauer HL. Destructive twisting of neutral metalloproteases: the catalysis mechanism of the Dispase autolysis-inducing protein from Streptomyces mobaraensis DSM 40487. FEBS J 2018; 285:4246-4264. [PMID: 30171661 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The Dispase autolysis-inducing protein (DAIP) is produced by Streptomyces mobaraensis to disarm neutral metalloproteases by decomposition. The absence of a catalytic protease domain led to the assumption that the seven-bladed β-propeller protein DAIP causes structural modifications, thereby triggering autolysis. Determination of protein complexes consisting of DAIP and thermolysin or DAIP and a nonfunctional E138A bacillolysin variant supported this postulation. Protein twisting was indicated by DAIP-mediated inhibition of thermolysin while bacillolysin underwent immediate autolysis under the same conditions. Interestingly, an increase in SYPRO orange fluorescence allowed tracking of the fast degradation process. Similarly rapid autolysis of thermolysin mediated by DAIP was only observed upon the addition of amphiphilic compounds, which probably amplify the induced structural changes. DAIP further caused degradation of FITC-labeled E138A bacillolysin by trypsin, as monitored by a linear decrease in fluorescence polarization. The kinetic model, calculated from the obtained data, suggested a three-step mechanism defined by (a) fast DAIP-metalloprotease complex formation, (b) slower DAIP-mediated protein twisting, and (c) fragmentation. These results were substantiated by crystallized DAIP attached to a C-terminal helix fragment of thermolysin. Structural superposition of the complex with thermolysin is indicative of a conformational change upon binding to DAIP. Importantly, the majority of metalloproteases, also including homologs from various pathogens, are highly conserved at the autolysis-prone peptide bonds, suggesting their susceptibility to DAIP-mediated decomposition, which may offer opportunities for pharmaceutical applications. DATABASES: The atomic coordinates and structure factors (PDB ID: 6FHP) have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank (http://www.pdb.org/). ENZYMES: Aureolysin, EC 3.4.24.29; bacillolysin (Dispase, Gentlyase), EC 3.4.24.28; lasB (elastase), EC 3.4.24.4; subtilisin, EC 3.4.21.62; thermolysin, EC 3.4.24.27; transglutaminase, EC 2.3.2.13; trypsin, EC 3.4.21.4; vibriolysin (hemagglutinin(HA)/protease), EC 3.4.24.25.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Fiebig
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences of Darmstadt, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Juliana Storka
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences of Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Markus Roeder
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences of Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Christian Meyners
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences of Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Stefan Schmelz
- Structural Biology of Autophagy Group, Department Structure and Function of Proteins, Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.,Department Structure and Function of Proteins, Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Wulf Blankenfeldt
- Department Structure and Function of Proteins, Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute for Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Andrea Scrima
- Structural Biology of Autophagy Group, Department Structure and Function of Proteins, Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.,Department Structure and Function of Proteins, Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Harald Kolmar
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Hans-Lothar Fuchsbauer
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences of Darmstadt, Germany
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83
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Tebyanian H, Mirhosseiny SH, Bakhtiari A, Karami A, Dadseresht S, Otroshi B. Effect of Physical and Chemical Factors in Production of Alkaline Protease Enzyme by <i>Bacillus</i> Strains. INTERNATIONAL LETTERS OF NATURAL SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.71.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Proteases is family of enzymes and it has crucial role due to their physiological roles and very valuable commercial applications. Alkaline protease are produced by Bacillus species are particular importance because of their thermal stability and stability at different pH values. This study aimed to investigate the effect of physical and chemical factors in production of alkaline protease enzyme fermentation by members of the genus Bacillus. In this study, alkaline protease enzyme production were evaluated in submerged fermentation by Bacillus strains which were isolated from alkaline soils of Guilan province. Factors incubation were optimized such as time, pH, amount of inoculation and ammonium sulfate in alkaline protease enzyme production whit using response surface methodology (RSM) in culture. The maximum enzymatic activity was observed in incubation time of 36 hours, pH=9, inoculation amount of 15% (V) and ammonium sulfate 1.5% (W/V). Factors had significant effect on the production of alkaline protease enzyme such as pH and ammonium sulfate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seyed Hanif Mirhosseiny
- Department of Microbiology, Kerman Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Ali Karami
- Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences
| | - Sonia Dadseresht
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Baqiyatallah University, Tehran, Iran
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84
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El-Naggar NEA, Deraz SF, El-Ewasy SM, Suddek GM. Purification, characterization and immunogenicity assessment of glutaminase free L-asparaginase from Streptomyces brollosae NEAE-115. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2018; 19:51. [PMID: 30139388 PMCID: PMC6108126 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-018-0242-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background L-asparaginase is a potential therapeutic enzyme widely used in the chemotherapy protocols of pediatric and adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. However, its use has been limited by a high rate of hypersensitivity in the long-term used. Hence, there is a continuing need to search for other L-asparaginase sources capable of producing an enzyme with less adverse effects. Methods Production of extracellular L-asparaginase by Streptomyces brollosae NEAE-115 was carried out using submerged fermentation. L-asparaginase was purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation and pure enzyme was reached using ion-exchange chromatography, followed by enzyme characterization. Anticancer activity towards Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) cells was investigated in female Swiss albino mice by determination of tumor size and the degree of tumor growth inhibition. The levels of anti-L-asparaginase IgG antibodies in mice sera were measured using ELISA method. Results The purified L-asparaginase showed a total activity of 795.152 with specific activity of 76.671 U/mg protein and 7.835 − purification fold. The enzyme purity was confirmed by using SDS–PAGE separation which revealed only one distinctive band with a molecular weight of 67 KDa. The enzyme showed maximum activity at pH 8.5, optimum temperature of 37 °C, incubation time of 50 min and optimum substrate concentration of 7 mM. A Michaelis-Menten constant analysis showed a Km value of 2.139 × 10− 3 M with L-asparagine as substrate and Vmax of 152.6 UmL− 1 min− 1. The half-life time (T1/2) was 65.02 min at 50°С, while being 62.65 min at 60°С. Furthermore, mice treated with Streptomyces brollosae NEAE-115 L-asparaginase showed higher cytotoxic effect (79% tumor growth inhibition) when compared to commercial L-asparaginase group (67% tumor growth inhibition). Conclusions The study reveals the excellent property of this enzyme which makes it highly valuable for development of chemotherapeutic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noura El-Ahmady El-Naggar
- Department of Bioprocess Development, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Sahar F Deraz
- Department of Protein Research Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Sara M El-Ewasy
- Department of Bioprocess Development, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ghada M Suddek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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85
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Cloning, expression, and characterization of an alkaline protease, AprV, from Vibrio sp. DA1-1. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2018; 41:1437-1447. [PMID: 29934784 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-018-1972-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A novel alkaline protease (named AprV) gene from Vibrio sp. DA1-1 was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) pLysS. The sequence analysis showed the highest homology of 68% with the characterized protease from Alkalimonas collagenimarina AC40T. The recombinant AprV was purified with the molecular weight of 28 kDa. The optimum temperature and pH were determined to be 55 °C and 10.0, respectively. The enzyme activity was slightly enhanced by Ca2+, Mg2+, Zn2+, Ba2+, and, however, was highly inhibited by Sn2+ and EDTA. The AprV was stable in the presence of some surfactants and oxidizing agents, such as 1% Tween 20-80, 1% JFC-2, and 5% JFC-2. Casein was found to be the ideal substrate with specific activity of 1139 U/mg. Moreover, we found that AprV (10,000 U), together with commercial detergent, could completely remove the blood on the cotton. Furthermore, AprV also demonstrated dehairing activity on goat and bull skin. These results indicated that the alkaline protease AprV might be a potential candidate for applications in the detergent and leather industries.
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86
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Iqbal A, Hakim A, Hossain MS, Rahman MR, Islam K, Azim MF, Ahmed J, Assaduzzaman M, Hoq MM, Azad AK. Partial purification and characterization of serine protease produced through fermentation of organic municipal solid wastes by Serratia marcescens A3 and Pseudomonas putida A2. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2018; 16:29-37. [PMID: 30647701 PMCID: PMC6296650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Proteolytic bacteria isolated from municipal solid wastes (MSW) were identified as Serratia marcescens A3 and Pseudomonas putida A2 based on 16S rDNA sequencing. Protease produced through fermentation of organic MSW by these bacteria under some optimized physicochemical parameters was partially purified and characterized. The estimated molecular mass of the partially purified protease from S. marcescens and P. putida was approximately 25 and 38 kDa, respectively. Protease from both sources showed low Km 0.3 and 0.5 mg ml-1 and high Vmax 333 and 500 µmole min-1 at 40 °C, and thermodynamics analysis suggested formation of ordered enzyme-substrate (E-S) complexes. The activation energy (Ea) and temperature quotient (Q10) of protease from S. marcescens and P. putida were 16.2 and 19.9 kJ/mol, and 1.4 and 1.3 at temperature range from 20 to 40 °C, respectively. Protease of the both bacterial isolates was serine and cysteine type. The protease retained approximately 97% of activity in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate. It was observed that the purified protease of S. marcescens could remove blood stains from white cotton cloth and degrade chicken flesh remarkably. Our study revealed that organic MSW can be used as raw materials for bacterial protease production and the protease produced by S. marcescens A3 might be potential for applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Iqbal
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Al Hakim
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Saddam Hossain
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Rejaur Rahman
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Kamrul Islam
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Faisal Azim
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Jahed Ahmed
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Assaduzzaman
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Mozammel Hoq
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Abul Kalam Azad
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
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87
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Hakim A, Bhuiyan FR, Iqbal A, Emon TH, Ahmed J, Azad AK. Production and partial characterization of dehairing alkaline protease from Bacillus subtilis AKAL7 and Exiguobacterium indicum AKAL11 by using organic municipal solid wastes. Heliyon 2018; 4:e00646. [PMID: 30009270 PMCID: PMC6042311 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkaline proteases have applications in numerous industries. In this study, we have isolated and screened proteolytic bacteria from poultry wastes mixed soil and identified two bacterial isolates as Bacillus subtilis AKAL7 and Exiguobacterium indicum AKAL11 based on 16S rDNA sequencing. Maximum level of protease production was achieved after 24 h of fermentation in a basal medium. The optimal temperature, initial pH of the media and agitation for alkaline protease production by these two isolates were 30 °C, pH 9.0 and 120 rpm, respectively. The both bacterial isolates produced maximum level of protease with 3.0% organic municipal solid wastes (OMSW) as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen under previously optimized fermentation conditions. In comparison with the shake flask, protease production increased about 2.5-fold in the bioreactor with reduction in fermentation period. The partial purification of protease resulted in a final 45.67 and 34.86-fold purified protease with a specific activity of 8335.34 and 9918.91 U/mg protein and a typical yield of 9.75 and 9.41% from B. subtilis and E. indicum, respectively. The optimum temperature and pH of the partially purified protease from the both sources was 40 °C and pH 9.0, respectively. Protease from the both isolates was stable at pH 7.0-12.0 and at temperatures up to 50 °C. The effects of protease inhibitors indicated that the protease from B. subtilis might be serine and cysteine type and from E. indicum might be cysteine type. Mg2+, K+ and Ca2+ stimulated but Zn2+, Hg2+, Co2+ and Fe3+ strongly inhibited the protease activity. The partially purified protease from B. subtilis substantially dehaired cow skin and decomposed gelatinous compound from X-ray film. Our study revealed that OMSW can be used as raw material for production of bacterial extracellular protease and alkaline protease from B. subtilis might be potential for industrial and biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Abul Kalam Azad
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
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88
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Sethi BK, Jana A, Nanda PK, Das Mohapatra PK, Sahoo SL. Thermostable acidic protease production inAspergillus terreusNCFT 4269.10 using chickling vetch peels. JOURNAL OF TAIBAH UNIVERSITY FOR SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtusci.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bijay K. Sethi
- Microbiology Research Laboratory, P. G. Department of Botany, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar 751004, Odisha, India
| | - Arijit Jana
- Department of Microbiology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore 721102, West Bengal, India
| | - Prativa K. Nanda
- Department of Botany, Saila Bala Women's College, Cuttack 753001, Odisha, India
| | | | - Santi L. Sahoo
- Microbiology Research Laboratory, P. G. Department of Botany, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar 751004, Odisha, India
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Gomri MA, Rico-Díaz A, Escuder-Rodríguez JJ, El Moulouk Khaldi T, González-Siso MI, Kharroub K. Production and Characterization of an Extracellular Acid Protease from Thermophilic Brevibacillus sp. OA30 Isolated from an Algerian Hot Spring. Microorganisms 2018; 6:E31. [PMID: 29649122 PMCID: PMC6027330 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms6020031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteases have numerous biotechnological applications and the bioprospection for newly-thermostable proteases from the great biodiversity of thermophilic microorganisms inhabiting hot environments, such as geothermal sources, aims to discover more effective enzymes for processes at higher temperatures. We report in this paper the production and the characterization of a purified acid protease from strain OA30, a moderate thermophilic bacterium isolated from an Algerian hot spring. Phenotypic and genotypic study of strain OA30 was followed by the production of the extracellular protease in a physiologically-optimized medium. Strain OA30 showed multiple extracellular proteolytic enzymes and protease 32-F38 was purified by chromatographic methods and its biochemical characteristics were studied. Strain OA30 was affiliated with Brevibacillus thermoruber species. Protease 32-F38 had an estimated molecular weight of 64.6 kDa and was optimally active at 50 °C. It showed a great thermostability after 240 min and its optimum pH was 6.0. Protease 32-F38 was highly stable in the presence of different detergents and solvents and was inhibited by metalloprotease inhibitors. The results of this work suggest that protease 32-F38 might have interesting biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Amine Gomri
- Equipe Métabolites des Extrêmophiles, Laboratoire de Recherche Biotechnologie et Qualité des Aliments (BIOQUAL), Institut de la Nutrition, de l’Alimentation et des Technologies Agro Alimentaires (INATAA), Université Frères Mentouri Constantine 1 (UFMC1), Route de Ain El Bey, 25000 Constantine, Algérie; (M.A.G.); (K.K.)
| | - Agustín Rico-Díaz
- Grupo EXPRELA, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain; (A.R.-D.); (J.-J.E.-R.)
| | - Juan-José Escuder-Rodríguez
- Grupo EXPRELA, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain; (A.R.-D.); (J.-J.E.-R.)
| | - Tedj El Moulouk Khaldi
- Laboratoire Alimentation, Nutrition et Santé (ALNUTS), Institut de la Nutrition, de l’Alimentation et des Technologies Agro Alimentaires (INATAA), Université Frères Mentouri Constantine 1 (UFMC1), Route de Ain El Bey, 25000 Constantine, Algérie;
| | - María-Isabel González-Siso
- Grupo EXPRELA, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain; (A.R.-D.); (J.-J.E.-R.)
| | - Karima Kharroub
- Equipe Métabolites des Extrêmophiles, Laboratoire de Recherche Biotechnologie et Qualité des Aliments (BIOQUAL), Institut de la Nutrition, de l’Alimentation et des Technologies Agro Alimentaires (INATAA), Université Frères Mentouri Constantine 1 (UFMC1), Route de Ain El Bey, 25000 Constantine, Algérie; (M.A.G.); (K.K.)
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90
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Gulmez C, Atakisi O, Dalginli KY, Atakisi E. A novel detergent additive: Organic solvent- and thermo-alkaline-stable recombinant subtilisin. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 108:436-443. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.11.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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91
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Lam MQ, Nik Mut NN, Thevarajoo S, Chen SJ, Selvaratnam C, Hussin H, Jamaluddin H, Chong CS. Characterization of detergent compatible protease from halophilic Virgibacillus sp. CD6. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:104. [PMID: 29404232 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1133-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A halophilic bacterium, Virgibacillus sp. strain CD6, was isolated from salted fish and its extracellular protease was characterized. Protease production was found to be highest when yeast extract was used as nitrogen source for growth. The protease exhibited stability at wide range of salt concentration (0-12.5%, w/v), temperatures (20-60 °C), and pH (4-10) with maximum activity at 10.0% (w/v) NaCl, 60 °C, pH 7 and 10, indicating its polyextremophilicity. The protease activity was enhanced in the presence of Mg2+, Mn2+, Cd2+, and Al3+ (107-122% relative activity), and with retention of activity > 80% for all of other metal ions examined (K+, Ca2+, Cu2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, and Fe3+). Both PMSF and EDTA inhibited protease activity, denoting serine protease and metalloprotease properties, respectively. High stability (> 70%) was demonstrated in the presence of organic solvents and detergent constituents, and the extracellular protease from strain CD6 was also found to be compatible in commercial detergents. Proteinaceous stain removal efficacy revealed that crude protease of strain CD6 could significantly enhance the performance of commercial detergent. The protease from Virgibacillus sp. strain CD6 could serve as a promising alternative for various applications, especially in detergent industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Quan Lam
- Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor Malaysia
| | - Nik Nurhidayu Nik Mut
- Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor Malaysia
| | - Suganthi Thevarajoo
- Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor Malaysia
| | - Sye Jinn Chen
- Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor Malaysia
| | - Chitra Selvaratnam
- Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor Malaysia
| | - Huszalina Hussin
- Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor Malaysia
| | - Haryati Jamaluddin
- Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor Malaysia
| | - Chun Shiong Chong
- Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor Malaysia
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Mohammadipanah F, Ghelichkhani F, Khajeh K, Hamedi J. Alkaline Protease from Nocardiopsis arvandicaUTMC 1492 Isolated from Saline Soil with the Ability to Produce Bioactive Protein Hydrolysate. Ind Biotechnol (New Rochelle N Y) 2018. [DOI: 10.1089/ind.2017.0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Mohammadipanah
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farid Ghelichkhani
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khosro Khajeh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Hamedi
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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93
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Tavano OL, Berenguer-Murcia A, Secundo F, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Biotechnological Applications of Proteases in Food Technology. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 17:412-436. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Luisa Tavano
- Faculty of Nutrition; Alfenas Federal Univ.; 700 Gabriel Monteiro da Silva St Alfenas MG 37130-000 Brazil
| | - Angel Berenguer-Murcia
- Inorganic Chemistry Dept. and Materials Science Inst.; Alicante Univ.; Ap. 99 E-03080 Alicante Spain
| | - Francesco Secundo
- Istit. di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare; CNR; v. Mario Bianco 9 20131 Milan Italy
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94
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Samad NSA, Amid A. Isolation of Halophilic Bacteria. MULTIFACETED PROTOCOL IN BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018:13-22. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-2257-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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95
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Vidmar B, Vodovnik M. Microbial Keratinases: Enzymes with Promising Biotechnological Applications. Food Technol Biotechnol 2018; 56:312-328. [PMID: 30510475 PMCID: PMC6233012 DOI: 10.17113/ftb.56.03.18.5658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratin is a complex and structurally stable protein found in human and animal hard tissues, such as feathers, wool, hair, hoof and nails. Some of these, like feathers and wool, represent one of the main sources of protein-rich waste with significant potential to be transformed into value-added products such as feed, fertilizers or bioenergy. A major limitation impeding valorization of keratinous substrates is their recalcitrant structure and resistance to hydrolysis by common proteases. However, specialized keratinolytic enzymes produced by some microorganisms can efficiently degrade these substrates. Keratinases have already found a purpose in pharmaceutical, textile and leather industries. However, their wider implementation in other processes, such as cost-effective (pre)treatment of poultry waste, still requires optimization of production and performance of the available enzymes. Here we present a comprehensive review covering molecular properties and characteristics of keratinases, their classification, traditional and novel approaches in discovery of novel enzymes, production, characterization, improvement and biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beti Vidmar
- Chair of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Groblje 3,
SI-1230 Domžale, Slovenia
| | - Maša Vodovnik
- Chair of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Groblje 3,
SI-1230 Domžale, Slovenia
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dos Santos Aguilar JG, Sato HH. Microbial proteases: Production and application in obtaining protein hydrolysates. Food Res Int 2018; 103:253-262. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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97
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Gong BL, Mao RQ, Xiao Y, Jia ML, Zhong XL, Liu Y, Xu PL, Li G. Improvement of enzyme activity and soluble expression of an alkaline protease isolated from oil-polluted mud flat metagenome by random mutagenesis. Enzyme Microb Technol 2017; 106:97-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2017.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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98
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The current status of Aureobasidium pullulans in biotechnology. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2017; 63:129-140. [DOI: 10.1007/s12223-017-0561-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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99
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Uttatree S, Kobtrakool K, Ketsuk A, Kaenngam W, Thakolprajak P, Charoenpanich J. A novel metal-tolerant, solvent and surfactant stable protease from a new strain of Bacillus megaterium. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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100
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Kannan M, Ramya T, Anbalagan S, Suriya J, Krishnan M. Proteomic analysis of pupal gut serine protease of Silkworm, Bombyx mori : Partial purification and biochemical characterization. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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