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Mall EM, Lecanda A, Drexler HCA, Raz E, Schöler HR, Schlatt S. Heading towards a dead end: The role of DND1 in germ line differentiation of human iPSCs. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258427. [PMID: 34653201 PMCID: PMC8519482 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The DND microRNA-mediated repression inhibitor 1 (DND1) is a conserved RNA binding protein (RBP) that plays important roles in survival and fate maintenance of primordial germ cells (PGCs) and in the development of the male germline in zebrafish and mice. Dead end was shown to be expressed in human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), PGCs and spermatogonia, but little is known about its specific role concerning pluripotency and human germline development. Here we use CRISPR/Cas mediated knockout and PGC-like cell (PGCLC) differentiation in human iPSCs to determine if DND1 (1) plays a role in maintaining pluripotency and (2) in specification of PGCLCs. We generated several clonal lines carrying biallelic loss of function mutations and analysed their differentiation potential towards PGCLCs and their gene expression on RNA and protein levels via RNA sequencing and mass spectrometry. The generated knockout iPSCs showed no differences in pluripotency gene expression, proliferation, or trilineage differentiation potential, but yielded reduced numbers of PGCLCs as compared with their parental iPSCs. RNAseq analysis of mutated PGCLCs revealed that the overall gene expression remains like non-mutated PGCLCs. However, reduced expression of genes associated with PGC differentiation and maintenance (e.g., NANOS3, PRDM1) was observed. Together, we show that DND1 iPSCs maintain their pluripotency but exhibit a reduced differentiation to PGCLCs. This versatile model will allow further analysis of the specific mechanisms by which DND1 influences PGC differentiation and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M. Mall
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
- Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, Münster, Germany
| | - Aaron Lecanda
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Erez Raz
- Institute of Cell Biology, ZMBE, Münster, Germany
| | - Hans R. Schöler
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Stefan Schlatt
- Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, Münster, Germany
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52
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Crucial role of dead end gene for primordial germ cell survival in rice field eel (Monopterus albus). Theriogenology 2021; 176:188-193. [PMID: 34624813 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The dead end gene has been identified as a essential factor for Primordial germ cells (PGCs) migration and survival in many species, but its role in Monopterus albus is unclear. In order to clarify the function of dead end gene in M.albus PGCs migration and survival, we first characterized the expression profile of M.albus dead end (Madnd) in developing embryos and various tissues. qRT-PCR revealed that Madnd transcripts were exclusively detected in gonad, including ovary, testis and ovotestis.Embryos injected with a Madnd morpholino (Madnd-MO) exhibited down-regulation of the vasa gene. Furthermore, the GFP signal show the PGCs migration in control group were injected with GFP-nanos3 3'-UTR mRNA for visualization, as described in a previous study, yet it was disappeared after embryos injected with Madnd-MO.Finally, we characterized the genomics sequence of the Madnd gene and designed five gRNAs for genome editing. Three gRNAs were selected for microinjection according to the results of in vitro tests. gRNAd1 was used for microinjection with the Cas9 protein and was confirmed to be effective. Our analysis in this study suggested that Madnd play a key role in PGCs migration and survival in M. albus. These data provide the basis for the production of fast-growing and reproductively M.albus sterile.
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Hansen CL, Chamberlain TJ, Trevena RL, Kurek JE, Pelegri F. Conserved germ plasm characteristics across the Danio and Devario lineages. Genesis 2021; 59:e23452. [PMID: 34617657 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In many animal species, germ cell specification requires the inheritance of germ plasm, a biomolecular condensate containing maternally derived RNAs and proteins. Most studies of germ plasm composition and function have been performed in widely evolutionarily divergent model organisms, such as Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila, Xenopus laevis, and Danio rerio (zebrafish). In zebrafish, 12 RNAs localize to germ plasm at the furrows of the early embryo. Here, we tested for the presence of these RNAs in three additional species within the Danionin clade: Danio kyathit, Danio albolineatus, and Devario aequipinnatus. By visualizing nanos RNA, we find that germ plasm segregation patterns during early embryogenesis are conserved across these species. Ten additional germ plasm RNAs exhibit localization at the furrows of early embryos in all three non-zebrafish Danionin species, consistent with germ plasm localization. One component of zebrafish germ plasm, ca15b, lacked specific localization in embryos of the more distantly related D. aequipinnatus. Our findings show that within a subset of closely related Danionin species, the vast majority of germ plasm RNA components are conserved. At the same time, the lack of ca15b localization in D. aequipinnatus germ plasm highlights the potential for the divergence of germ plasm composition across a restricted phylogenetic space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina L Hansen
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Trevor J Chamberlain
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ryan L Trevena
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jacob E Kurek
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Francisco Pelegri
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Surrogate production of genome-edited sperm from a different subfamily by spermatogonial stem cell transplantation. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2021; 65:969-987. [PMID: 34586576 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-021-1989-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The surrogate reproduction technique, such as inter-specific spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) transplantation (SSCT), provides a powerful tool for production of gametes derived from endangered species or those with desirable traits. However, generation of genome-edited gametes from a different species or production of gametes from a phylogenetically distant species such as from a different subfamily, by SSCT, has not succeeded. Here, using two small cyprinid fishes from different subfamilies, Chinese rare minnow (gobiocypris rarus, for brief: Gr) and zebrafish (danio rerio), we successfully obtained Gr-derived genome-edited sperm in zebrafish by an optimized SSCT procedure. The transplanted Gr SSCs supported the host gonadal development and underwent normal spermatogenesis, resulting in a reconstructed fertile testis containing Gr spermatids and zebrafish testicular somatic cells. Interestingly, the surrogate spermatozoa resembled those of host zebrafish but not donor Gr in morphology and swimming behavior. When pou5f3 and chd knockout Gr SSCs were transplanted, Gr-derived genome-edited sperm was successfully produced in zebrafish. This is the first report demonstrating surrogate production of gametes from a different subfamily by SSCT, and surrogate production of genome-edited gametes from another species as well. This method is feasible to be applied to future breeding of commercial fish and livestock.
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55
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Yoon JH, Cho YS, Lee HB, Park JY, Lim HK. Dead-End ( dnd) Gene Cloning and Gonad-Specific Expression Pattern in Starry Flounder ( Platichthys stellatus). Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:2256. [PMID: 34438719 PMCID: PMC8388513 DOI: 10.3390/ani11082256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
dnd is a germline-specific maternal RNA expressed in various vertebrate classes, which encodes an RNA-binding protein that is essential for PGC migration. The purpose of this study is fundamental research about starry flounder dnd gene for germ cell marker development. In this study, we cloned and analyzed the expression levels of Platichthys stellatus dead end (psdnd) in various tissues and embryonic stages. The psdnd gene was isolated from starry flounder ovaries, cloned into a pGEM-t vector, and sequenced. Full-length of psdnd cDNA was 1495 bp long, encoding 395 amino acids. psdnd expression levels were investigated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in various tissues and embryo developmental stages. psdnd transcripts were detected in the testes and ovaries, but not in somatic tissues. Embryonic psdnd expression levels were higher during early embryo development stages than during late embryogenesis; psdnd expression was highest at the 1 cell stage, then gradually decreased throughout the subsequent developmental stages. The spatial expression pattern was analyzed by whole-mount in situ hybridization (WISH). The psdnd transcripts migration pattern was similar with zebrafish (Danio rerio). Our results suggest that psdnd may function as a germ cell-specific marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hye Yoon
- Department of Interdisciplinary Program of Biomedicine, Health & Life Convergence Science, Mokpo National University (MNU), Muan 58554, Korea; (J.-H.Y.); (H.-B.L.)
| | - Youn-Su Cho
- Department of Fishery Biology, Pukyong National University (PKNU), Busan 48512, Korea;
| | - Hyo-Bin Lee
- Department of Interdisciplinary Program of Biomedicine, Health & Life Convergence Science, Mokpo National University (MNU), Muan 58554, Korea; (J.-H.Y.); (H.-B.L.)
| | - Jung-Yeol Park
- Department of Marine and Fisheries Resources, Mokpo National University (MNU), Muan 58554, Korea;
| | - Han-Kyu Lim
- Department of Interdisciplinary Program of Biomedicine, Health & Life Convergence Science, Mokpo National University (MNU), Muan 58554, Korea; (J.-H.Y.); (H.-B.L.)
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56
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Vong YH, Sivashanmugam L, Leech R, Zaucker A, Jones A, Sampath K. The RNA-binding protein Igf2bp3 is critical for embryonic and germline development in zebrafish. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009667. [PMID: 34214072 PMCID: PMC8282044 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to reproduce is essential in all branches of life. In metazoans, this process is initiated by formation of the germline, a group of cells that are destined to form the future gonads, the tissue that will produce the gametes. The molecular mechanisms underlying germline formation differs between species. In zebrafish, development of the germline is dependent on the specification, migration and proliferation of progenitors called the primordial germ cells (PGCs). PGC specification is dependent on a maternally provided cytoplasmic complex of ribonucleoproteins (RNPs), the germplasm. Here, we show that the conserved RNA-binding protein (RBP), Igf2bp3, has an essential role during early embryonic development and germline development. Loss of Igf2bp3 leads to an expanded yolk syncytial layer (YSL) in early embryos, reduced germline RNA expression, and mis-regulated germline development. We show that loss of maternal Igf2bp3 function results in translational de-regulation of a Nodal reporter during the mid-blastula transition. Furthermore, maternal igf2bp3 mutants exhibit reduced expression of germplasm transcripts, defects in chemokine guidance, abnormal PGC behavior and germ cell death. Consistently, adult igf2bp3 mutants show a strong male bias. Our findings suggest that Igf2bp3 is essential for normal embryonic and germline development, and acts as a key regulator of sexual development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Ho Vong
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Lavanya Sivashanmugam
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Leech
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Zaucker
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Alex Jones
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Karuna Sampath
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Centre for Early Life, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
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57
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Aalto A, Olguin-Olguin A, Raz E. Zebrafish Primordial Germ Cell Migration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:684460. [PMID: 34249937 PMCID: PMC8260996 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.684460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Similar to many other organisms, zebrafish primordial germ cells (PGCs) are specified at a location distinct from that of gonadal somatic cells. Guided by chemotactic cues, PGCs migrate through embryonic tissues toward the region where the gonad develops. In this process, PGCs employ a bleb-driven amoeboid migration mode, characterized by low adhesion and high actomyosin contractility, a strategy used by other migrating cells, such as leukocytes and certain types of cancer cells. The mechanisms underlying the motility and the directed migration of PGCs should be robust to ensure arrival at the target, thereby contributing to the fertility of the organism. These features make PGCs an excellent model for studying guided single-cell migration in vivo. In this review, we present recent findings regarding the establishment and maintenance of cell polarity that are essential for motility and discuss the mechanisms by which cell polarization and directed migration are controlled by chemical and physical cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Aalto
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Adan Olguin-Olguin
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Erez Raz
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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58
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Bertho S, Kaufman O, Lee K, Santos-Ledo A, Dellal D, Marlow FL. A transgenic system for targeted ablation of reproductive and maternal-effect genes. Development 2021; 148:269197. [PMID: 34143203 DOI: 10.1242/dev.198010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Maternally provided gene products regulate the earliest events of embryonic life, including formation of the oocyte that will develop into an egg, and eventually into an embryo. Forward genetic screens have provided invaluable insights into the molecular regulation of embryonic development, including the essential contributions of some genes whose products must be provided to the transcriptionally silent early embryo for normal embryogenesis, called maternal-effect genes. However, other maternal-effect genes are not accessible due to their essential zygotic functions during embryonic development. Identifying these regulators is essential to fill the large gaps in our understanding of the mechanisms and molecular pathways contributing to fertility and to maternally regulated developmental processes. To identify these maternal factors, it is necessary to bypass the earlier requirement for these genes so that their potential later functions can be investigated. Here, we report reverse genetic systems to identify genes with essential roles in zebrafish reproductive and maternal-effect processes. As proof of principle and to assess the efficiency and robustness of mutagenesis, we used these transgenic systems to disrupt two genes with known maternal-effect functions: kif5ba and bucky ball.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Bertho
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place Box 1020 New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
| | - Odelya Kaufman
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY 10461, USA
| | - KathyAnn Lee
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place Box 1020 New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
| | - Adrian Santos-Ledo
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY 10461, USA
| | - Daniel Dellal
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place Box 1020 New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
| | - Florence L Marlow
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place Box 1020 New York, NY 10029-6574, USA.,Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY 10461, USA
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59
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Baloch AR, Franěk R, Saito T, Pšenička M. Dead-end (dnd) protein in fish-a review. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2021; 47:777-784. [PMID: 30671782 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-018-0606-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Dead end (dnd) is a germ plasm-specific maternal RNA discovered in zebrafish and then in other vertebrates. Dnd protein is essential for migration and motility of primordial germ cells (PGCs), only cells destined to transfer genetic information to offspring. PGCs arise far from somatic cells of developing gonads and they must migrate to their site of function. Migration of PGCs follows complex path by various developing tissues as their disruption impacts on the fertility. Recently, it has been found that dnd is not required for survival of PGCs and dnd-deficient zebrafish PGCs transdifferentiate into the somatic cells. In fish, targeting dnd causes removal of PGCs that ultimately affects sex differentiation. Sterility in various fish species can be achieved by knockdown or knockout of dnd. In our review, we have discussed dnd as a germ cell-specific molecular marker in fish, its interaction with miRNAs, and its use in aquaculture and fish conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Rasheed Baloch
- South Bohemian Research Center for Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic.
| | - Roman Franěk
- South Bohemian Research Center for Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Taiju Saito
- South Bohemian Research Center for Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic
- Nishiura Station, South Ehime Fisheries Research Center, Ehime University, Uchidomari, Ainan, Ehime, 798-4206, Japan
| | - Martin Pšenička
- South Bohemian Research Center for Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic
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60
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Kumari P, Bhavesh NS. Human DND1-RRM2 forms a non-canonical domain swapped dimer. Protein Sci 2021; 30:1184-1195. [PMID: 33860980 PMCID: PMC8138521 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
RNA recognition motif (RRM) being the most abundant RNA binding domain in eukaryotes, is a major player in cellular regulation. Several variations in the canonical βαββαβ topology have been observed. We have determined the 2.3 Å crystal structure of the human DND1-RRM2 domain. The structure revealed an interesting non-canonical RRM fold, which is maintained by the formation of a 3D domain swapped dimer between β1 and β4 strands across protomers. We have delineated the structural basis of the stable domain swapped dimer formation using the residue level dynamics of protein explored by NMR spectroscopy and MD simulations. Our structural and dynamics studies substantiate major determinants and molecular basis for domain swapped dimerization observed in the RRM domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Kumari
- Transcription Regulation GroupInternational Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB)New DelhiIndia
| | - Neel Sarovar Bhavesh
- Transcription Regulation GroupInternational Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB)New DelhiIndia
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61
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Jin YH, Robledo D, Hickey JM, McGrew MJ, Houston RD. Surrogate broodstock to enhance biotechnology research and applications in aquaculture. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 49:107756. [PMID: 33895331 PMCID: PMC8192414 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Aquaculture is playing an increasingly important role in meeting global demands for seafood, particularly in low and middle income countries. Genetic improvement of aquaculture species has major untapped potential to help achieve this, with selective breeding and genome editing offering exciting avenues to expedite this process. However, limitations to these breeding and editing approaches include long generation intervals of many fish species, alongside both technical and regulatory barriers to the application of genome editing in commercial production. Surrogate broodstock technology facilitates the production of donor-derived gametes in surrogate parents, and comprises transplantation of germ cells of donors into sterilised recipients. There are many successful examples of intra- and inter-species germ cell transfer and production of viable offspring in finfish, and this leads to new opportunities to address the aforementioned limitations. Firstly, surrogate broodstock technology raises the opportunity to improve genome editing via the use of cultured germ cells, to reduce mosaicism and potentially enable in vivo CRISPR screens in the progeny of surrogate parents. Secondly, the technology has pertinent applications in preservation of aquatic genetic resources, and in facilitating breeding of high-value species which are otherwise difficult to rear in captivity. Thirdly, it holds potential to drastically reduce the effective generation interval in aquaculture breeding programmes, expediting the rate of genetic gain. Finally, it provides new opportunities for dissemination of tailored, potentially genome edited, production animals of high genetic merit for farming. This review focuses on the state-of-the-art of surrogate broodstock technology, and discusses the next steps for its applications in research and production. The integration and synergy of genomics, genome editing, and reproductive technologies have exceptional potential to expedite genetic gain in aquaculture species in the coming decades. Genetic improvement in aquaculture species has a major role in global food security. Advances in biotechnology provide new opportunities to support aquaculture breeding. Advances in biotechnology provide new opportunities to support aquaculture breeding. Donor-derived gametes can be produced from surrogate broodstock of several aquaculture species. Surrogate broodstock technology provides new opportunities for application of genome editing. Surrogate broodstock can accelerate genetic gain, and improve dissemination of elite germplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Hwa Jin
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Roslin EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Diego Robledo
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Roslin EH25 9RG, UK
| | - John M Hickey
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Roslin EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Mike J McGrew
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Roslin EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Ross D Houston
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Roslin EH25 9RG, UK.
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62
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Rivers N, Daly J, Temple-Smith P. New directions in assisted breeding techniques for fish conservation. Reprod Fertil Dev 2021; 32:807-821. [PMID: 32527372 DOI: 10.1071/rd19457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish populations continue to decline globally, signalling the need for new initiatives to conserve endangered species. Over the past two decades, with advances in our understanding of fish germ line biology, new exsitu management strategies for fish genetics and reproduction have focused on the use of germ line cells. The development of germ cell transplantation techniques for the purposes of propagating fish species, most commonly farmed species such as salmonids, has been gaining interest among conservation scientists as a means of regenerating endangered species. Previously, exsitu conservation methods in fish have been restricted to the cryopreservation of gametes or maintaining captive breeding colonies, both of which face significant challenges that have restricted their widespread implementation. However, advances in germ cell transplantation techniques have made its application in endangered species tangible. Using this approach, it is possible to preserve the genetics of fish species at any stage in their reproductive cycle regardless of sexual maturity or the limitations of brief annual spawning periods. Combining cryopreservation and germ cell transplantation will greatly expand our ability to preserve functional genetic samples from threatened species, to secure fish biodiversity and to produce new individuals to enhance or restore native populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Rivers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic. 3168, Australia; and Corresponding author.
| | - Jonathan Daly
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA 22360, USA; and Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, 46-007 Lilipuna Road, Kaneohe, HI 96744, USA
| | - Peter Temple-Smith
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic. 3168, Australia
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63
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Pan Z, Zhu C, Chang G, Wu N, Ding H, Wang H. Differential expression analysis and identification of sex-related genes by gonad transcriptome sequencing in estradiol-treated and non-treated Ussuri catfish Pseudobagrus ussuriensis. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2021; 47:565-581. [PMID: 33523351 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-021-00932-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Ussuri catfish (Pseudobagrus ussuriensis) has an XX/XY sex determination system but its sex determination gene(s) remain unknown. To better understand the molecular sex determination mechanism, transcriptome analysis was conducted to obtain sex-related gene expression profiles. Transcriptome analyses were made of male and female developing/differentiating gonads by high-throughput RNA sequencing, including gonads from fish given an estradiol-induced sex reversal treatment. A total of 81,569 unigenes were assembled and 39,904 were significantly matched to known unique proteins by comparison with public databases. Twenty specifically expressed and 142 differentially expressed sex-related genes were extracted from annotated data by comparing the treatment groups. These genes are involved in spermatogenesis (e.g., Dnali1, nectin3, klhl10, mybl1, Katnal1, Eno4, Mns1, Spag6, Tsga10, Septin7), oogenesis (e.g., Lagr5, Fmn2, Npm2, zar1, Fbxo5, Fbxo43, Prdx4, Nrip1, Lfng, Atrip), gonadal development/differentiation (e.g., Cxcr4b, Hmgb2, Cftr, Ch25h, brip1, Prdm9, Tdrd1, Star, dmrt1, Tut4, Hsd17b12a, gdf9, dnd, arf1, Spata22), and estradiol response (e.g., Mmp14, Lhcgr, vtg1, vtg2, esr2b, Piwil1, Aifm1, Hsf1, gdf9). Dmrt1 and gdf9 may play an essential role in sex determination in P. ussuriensis. The expression patterns of six random genes were validated by quantitative real-time PCR, which confirmed the reliability and accuracy of the RNA-seq results. These data provide a valuable resource for future studies of gene expression and for understanding the molecular mechanism of sex determination/differentiation and gonadal development/differentiation (including hormone-induced sexual reversal) in Ussuri catfish. This has the potential to assist in producing monosex Ussuri catfish to increase aquacultural productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZhengJun Pan
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Special Aquatic Organisms, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China.
| | - ChuanKun Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Special Aquatic Organisms, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China
| | - GuoLiang Chang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Special Aquatic Organisms, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China
| | - Nan Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Special Aquatic Organisms, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China
| | - HuaiYu Ding
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Special Aquatic Organisms, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Breeding of Special Aquatic Organisms, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China
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Ruthig VA, Yokonishi T, Friedersdorf MB, Batchvarova S, Hardy J, Garness JA, Keene JD, Capel B. A transgenic DND1GFP fusion allele reports in vivo expression and RNA-binding targets in undifferentiated mouse germ cells†. Biol Reprod 2021; 104:861-874. [PMID: 33394034 PMCID: PMC8324984 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioaa233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In vertebrates, the RNA-binding protein (RBP) dead end 1 (DND1) is essential for primordial germ cell (PGC) survival and maintenance of cell identity. In multiple species, Dnd1 loss or mutation leads to severe PGC loss soon after specification or, in some species, germ cell transformation to somatic lineages. Our investigations into the role of DND1 in PGC specification and differentiation have been limited by the absence of an available antibody. To address this problem, we used CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing to establish a transgenic mouse line carrying a DND1GFP fusion allele. We present imaging analysis of DND1GFP expression showing that DND1GFP expression is heterogeneous among male germ cells (MGCs) and female germ cells (FGCs). DND1GFP was detected in MGCs throughout fetal life but lost from FGCs at meiotic entry. In postnatal and adult testes, DND1GFP expression correlated with classic markers for the premeiotic spermatogonial population. Utilizing the GFP tag for RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) analysis in MGCs validated this transgenic as a tool for identifying in vivo transcript targets of DND1. The DND1GFP mouse line is a novel tool for isolation and analysis of embryonic and fetal germ cells, and the spermatogonial population of the postnatal and adult testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor A Ruthig
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Matthew B Friedersdorf
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sofia Batchvarova
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Josiah Hardy
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jason A Garness
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jack D Keene
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Blanche Capel
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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D'Orazio FM, Balwierz PJ, González AJ, Guo Y, Hernández-Rodríguez B, Wheatley L, Jasiulewicz A, Hadzhiev Y, Vaquerizas JM, Cairns B, Lenhard B, Müller F. Germ cell differentiation requires Tdrd7-dependent chromatin and transcriptome reprogramming marked by germ plasm relocalization. Dev Cell 2021; 56:641-656.e5. [PMID: 33651978 PMCID: PMC7957325 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
In many animal models, primordial germ cell (PGC) development depends on maternally deposited germ plasm, which prevents somatic cell fate. Here, we show that PGCs respond to regulatory information from the germ plasm in two distinct phases using two distinct mechanisms in zebrafish. We demonstrate that PGCs commence zygotic genome activation together with the somatic blastocysts with no demonstrable differences in transcriptional and chromatin opening. Unexpectedly, both PGC and somatic blastocysts activate germ-cell-specific genes, which are only stabilized in PGCs by cytoplasmic germ plasm determinants. Disaggregated perinuclear relocalization of germ plasm during PGC migration is regulated by the germ plasm determinant Tdrd7 and is coupled to dramatic divergence between PGC and somatic transcriptomes. This transcriptional divergence relies on PGC-specific cis-regulatory elements characterized by promoter-proximal distribution. We show that Tdrd7-dependent reconfiguration of chromatin accessibility is required for elaboration of PGC fate but not for PGC migration. No evidence for transcriptional activation delay in zebrafish PGCs Germ-plasm-associated post-transcriptional divergence during ZGA Epigenetic reprogramming marks onset of PGC migration Epigenetic reprogramming in PGCs relies on Tdrd7, coupled to germ plasm relocalization
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio M D'Orazio
- Institute of Cancer and Genomics Sciences, Birmingham Centre for Genome Biology, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Piotr J Balwierz
- Institute of Cancer and Genomics Sciences, Birmingham Centre for Genome Biology, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Ada Jimenez González
- Institute of Cancer and Genomics Sciences, Birmingham Centre for Genome Biology, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Yixuan Guo
- Department of Oncological Sciences and Huntsman Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Lucy Wheatley
- Institute of Cancer and Genomics Sciences, Birmingham Centre for Genome Biology, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Aleksandra Jasiulewicz
- Institute of Cancer and Genomics Sciences, Birmingham Centre for Genome Biology, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Yavor Hadzhiev
- Institute of Cancer and Genomics Sciences, Birmingham Centre for Genome Biology, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Juan M Vaquerizas
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Roentgenstrasse 20, Muenster, Germany
| | - Bradley Cairns
- Department of Oncological Sciences and Huntsman Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Boris Lenhard
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK.
| | - Ferenc Müller
- Institute of Cancer and Genomics Sciences, Birmingham Centre for Genome Biology, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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Dai X, Cheng X, Huang J, Gao Y, Wang D, Feng Z, Zhai G, Lou Q, He J, Wang Z, Yin Z. Rbm46, a novel germ cell-specific factor, modulates meiotic progression and spermatogenesis. Biol Reprod 2021; 104:1139-1153. [PMID: 33524105 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been suggested that many novel RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are required for gametogenesis, but the necessity of few of these proteins has been functionally verified. Here, we identified one RBP, Rbm46, and investigated its expression pattern and role in zebrafish reproduction. We found that rbm46 is maternally provided and specifically expressed in the germ cells of gonadal tissues using in situ hybridization, reverse transcription-PCR, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Two independent rbm46 mutant zebrafish lines were generated via the transcription activator-like effector nuclease technique. Specific disruption of rbm46 resulted in masculinization and infertility in the mutants. Although the spermatogonia appeared grossly normal in the mutants, spermatogenesis was impaired, and meiosis events were not observed. The introduction of a tp53M214K mutation could not rescue the female-to-male sex-reversal phenotype, indicating that rbm46 acts independently of the p53-dependent apoptotic pathway. RNA sequencing and qRT-PCR subsequently indicated that Rbm46 might be involved in the posttranscriptional regulation of functional genes essential for germ cell development, such as nanos3, dazl, and sycp3, during gametogenesis. Together, our results reveal for the first time the crucial role of rbm46 in regulating germ cell development in vivo through promotion of germ cell progression through meiosis prophase I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyan Dai
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinkai Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianfei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanping Gao
- Research Centre for Diagnosis and Prevention of Hereditary Disease, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Deshou Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhi Feng
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gang Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiyong Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiangyan He
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhijian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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Zohar Y. Fish reproductive biology - Reflecting on five decades of fundamental and translational research. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2021; 300:113544. [PMID: 32615136 PMCID: PMC7324349 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Driven by the broad diversity of species and physiologies and by reproduction-related bottlenecks in aquaculture, the field of fish reproductive biology has rapidly grown over the last five decades. This review provides my perspective on the field during this period, integrating fundamental and applied developments and milestones. Our basic understanding of the brain-pituitary-gonadal axis led to overcoming the failure of farmed fish to ovulate and spawn in captivity, allowing us to close the fish life cycle and establish a predictable, year-round production of eggs. Dissecting the molecular and hormonal mechanisms associated with sex determination and differentiation drove technologies for producing better performing mono-sex and reproductively-sterile fish. The growing contingent of passionate fish biologists, together with the availability of innovative platforms such as transgenesis and gene editing, as well as new models such as the zebrafish and medaka, have generated many discoveries, also leading to new insights of reproductive biology in higher vertebrates including humans. Consequently, fish have now been widely accepted as vertebrate reproductive models. Perhaps the best testament of the progress in our discipline is demonstrated at the International Symposia on Reproductive Physiology of Fish (ISRPF), at which our scientific family has convened every four years since the grandfather of the field, the late Ronald Billard, organized the inaugural 1977 meeting in Paimpont, France. As the one person who has been fortunate enough to attend all of these meetings since their inception, I have witnessed first-hand the astounding evolution of our field as we capitalized on the molecular and biotechnological revolutions in the life sciences, which enabled us to provide a higher resolution of fish reproductive and endocrine processes, answer more questions, and dive into deeper comprehension. Undoubtedly, the next (five) decades will be similarly exciting as we continue to integrate physiology with genomics, basic and translational research, and the small fish models with the aquacultured species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonathan Zohar
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21202, United States
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68
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Xu D, Yoshino T, de Bello Cioffi M, Yoshikawa H, Ino Y, Yazawa R, Dos Santos Nassif Lacerda SM, Takeuchi Y. Production of donor-derived eggs after ovarian germ cell transplantation into the gonads of adult, germ cell-less, triploid hybrid fish†. Biol Reprod 2020; 103:1289-1299. [PMID: 32940693 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioaa168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In animals, spermatogonial transplantation in sterile adult males is widely developed; however, despite its utility, ovarian germ cell transplantation is not well developed. We previously showed that the interspecific hybrid offspring of sciaenid was a suitable model for germ cell transplantation studies as they have germ cell-less gonads. However, all these gonads have testis-like characteristics. Here, we tested whether triploidization in hybrid embryos could result in germ cell-less ovary development. Gonadal structure dimorphism and sex-specific gene expression patterns were examined in 6-month-old triploid hybrids (3nHybs). Thirty-one percent of 3nHybs had germ cell-less gonads with an ovarian cavity. cyp19a1a and foxl2, ovarian differentiation-related genes, were expressed in these gonads, whereas dmrt1 and vasa were not expressed, suggesting ovary-like germ cell-less gonad development. Some (26%) 3nHybs had testis-like germ cell-less gonads. Ovarian germ cells collected from homozygous green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgenic blue drum (BD) (Nibea mitsukurii) were transplanted into 6-month-old 3nHybs gonads via the urogenital papilla or oviduct. After 9 months, the recipients were crossed with wild type BD. Among the six 3nHyb recipients that survived, one female and one male produced fertile eggs and motile sperm carrying gfp-specific DNA sequences. Progeny tests revealed that all F1 offspring possessed gfp-specific DNA sequences, suggesting that these recipients produced only donor-derived eggs or sperm. Histological observation confirmed donor-derived gametogenesis in the 3nHyb recipients' gonads. Overall, triploidization reduces male-biased sex differentiation in germ cell-less gonads. We report, for the first time, donor-derived egg production in an animal via direct ovarian germ cell transplantation into a germ cell-less ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Xu
- Marine Fisheries Institute of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan, P.R. China.,Department of Aquatic Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tasuku Yoshino
- Department of Aquatic Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Yasuko Ino
- National Fisheries University, Shimonoseki, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Yazawa
- Department of Aquatic Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yutaka Takeuchi
- Noto Center for Fisheries Science and Technology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
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Song P, Sun B, Zhu Y, Zhong Y, Guo J, Gui L, Li M. Bucky ball induces primordial germ cell increase in medaka. Gene 2020; 768:145317. [PMID: 33221537 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Balbaini body (Bb) plays a vital role in germ plasm (GP) assembly and dorsoventral pattern, which is of critical important in germline specification and development. Bucky ball (buc) is reported to be essential for boosting primordial germ cell (PGC) through Bb in previous research. In the present study, a buc homolog (Olbuc) was identified in medaka (Oryzias latipes), and the roles of Olbuc on PGC development were further elucidated. The full length of Olbuc was 2148 bp, which contains a 1724 bp CDS (Coding sequence), a 167 bp 5' UTR (Untranslated region), and a 257 bp 3' UTR. By RT-PCR, the Olbuc RNA expression was maternally provided during embryogenesis and was restricted in the ovary of adult tissues. By in situ hybridization, Olbuc RNA was abundant in oocyte of meiotic stage, but gradually decreased as the oogenesis proceeded. Surprisingly, Olbuc was not co-localized with dazl, the marker gene of Bb. Interestingly, GFP can be specifically and stably expressed through the induction of Olbuc 3'UTR in PGCs. Furthermore, overexpression of Olbuc mRNA could increase PGC number and generate ectopic PGC in medaka and zebrafish embryos. In summary, our results showed that Olbuc performs a conserved function in PGC development in medaka.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Song
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Bingyan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yefei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Ying Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Lang Gui
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Mingyou Li
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
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Piprek RP, Kloc M, Mizia P, Kubiak JZ. The Central Role of Cadherins in Gonad Development, Reproduction, and Fertility. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8264. [PMID: 33158211 PMCID: PMC7663743 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadherins are a group of membrane proteins responsible for cell adhesion. They are crucial for cell sorting and recognition during the morphogenesis, but they also play many other roles such as assuring tissue integrity and resistance to stretching, mechanotransduction, cell signaling, regulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis, survival, carcinogenesis, etc. Within the cadherin superfamily, E- and N-cadherin have been especially well studied. They are involved in many aspects of sexual development and reproduction, such as germline development and gametogenesis, gonad development and functioning, and fertilization. E-cadherin is expressed in the primordial germ cells (PGCs) and also participates in PGC migration to the developing gonads where they become enclosed by the N-cadherin-expressing somatic cells. The differential expression of cadherins is also responsible for the establishment of the testis or ovary structure. In the adult testes, N-cadherin is responsible for the integrity of the seminiferous epithelium, regulation of sperm production, and the establishment of the blood-testis barrier. Sex hormones regulate the expression and turnover of N-cadherin influencing the course of spermatogenesis. In the adult ovaries, E- and N-cadherin assure the integrity of ovarian follicles and the formation of corpora lutea. Cadherins are expressed in the mature gametes and facilitate the capacitation of sperm in the female reproductive tract and gamete contact during fertilization. The germ cells and accompanying somatic cells express a series of different cadherins; however, their role in gonads and reproduction is still unknown. In this review, we show what is known and unknown about the role of cadherins in the germline and gonad development, and we suggest topics for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał P. Piprek
- Department of Comparative Anatomy, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Malgorzata Kloc
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Department of Surgery, The Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Paulina Mizia
- Department of Comparative Anatomy, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Jacek Z. Kubiak
- Cycle Group, Institute of Genetics and Development of Rennes, Faculty of Medicine, UnivRennes, UMR 6290 CNRS/UR1, F-35000 Rennes, France
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology (WIHE), 01-163 Warsaw, Poland
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Rescue of germ cells in dnd crispant embryos opens the possibility to produce inherited sterility in Atlantic salmon. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18042. [PMID: 33093479 PMCID: PMC7581530 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74876-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic introgression of escaped farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) into wild populations is a major environmental concern for the salmon aquaculture industry. Using sterile fish in commercial aquaculture operations is, therefore, a sustainable strategy for bio-containment. So far, the only commercially used methodology for producing sterile fish is triploidization. However, triploid fish are less robust. A novel approach in which to achieve sterility is to produce germ cell-free salmon, which can be accomplished by knocking out the dead-end (dnd) gene using CRISPR-Cas9. The lack of germ cells in the resulting dnd crispants, thus, prevents reproduction and inhibits subsequent large-scale production of sterile fish. Here, we report a rescue approach for producing germ cells in Atlantic salmon dnd crispants. To achieve this, we co-injected the wild-type (wt) variant of salmon dnd mRNA together with CRISPR-Cas9 constructs targeting dnd into 1-cell stage embryos. We found that rescued one-year-old fish contained germ cells, type A spermatogonia in males and previtellogenic primary oocytes in females. The method presented here opens a possibility for large-scale production of germ-cell free Atlantic salmon offspring through the genetically sterile broodstock which can pass the sterility trait on the next generation.
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setd2 knockout zebrafish is viable and fertile: differential and developmental stress-related requirements for Setd2 and histone H3K36 trimethylation in different vertebrate animals. Cell Discov 2020; 6:72. [PMID: 33088589 PMCID: PMC7573620 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-020-00203-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Setd2 is the only enzyme that catalyzes histone H3 lysine 36 trimethylation (H3K36me3) on virtually all actively transcribed protein-coding genes, and this mechanism is evolutionarily conserved from yeast to human. Despite this widespread and conserved activity, Setd2 and H3K36me3 are dispensable for normal growth of yeast but are absolutely required for mammalian embryogenesis, such as oocyte maturation and embryonic vasculogenesis in mice, raising a question of how the functional requirements of Setd2 in specific developmental stages have emerged through evolution. Here, we explored this issue by studying the essentiality and function of Setd2 in zebrafish. Surprisingly, the setd2-null zebrafish are viable and fertile. They show Mendelian birth ratio and normal embryogenesis without vascular defect as seen in mice; however, they have a small body size phenotype attributed to insufficient energy metabolism and protein synthesis, which is reversable in a nutrition-dependent manner. Unlike the sterile Setd2-null mice, the setd2-null zebrafish can produce functional sperms and oocytes. Nonetheless, related to the requirement of maternal Setd2 for oocyte maturation in mice, the second generation of setd2-null zebrafish that carry no maternal setd2 show decreased survival rate and a developmental delay at maternal-to-zygotic transition. Taken together, these results indicate that, while the phenotypes of the setd2-null zebrafish and mice are apparently different, they are matched in parallel as the underlying mechanisms are evolutionarily conserved. Thus, the differential requirements of Setd2 may reflect distinct viability thresholds that associate with intrinsic and/or extrinsic stresses experienced by the organism through development, and these epigenetic regulatory mechanisms may serve as a reserved source supporting the evolution of life from simplicity to complexity.
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73
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Ye M, Chen Y. Zebrafish as an emerging model to study gonad development. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 18:2373-2380. [PMID: 32994895 PMCID: PMC7498840 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has emerged as a popular model organism in developmental biology and pharmacogenetics due to its attribute of pathway conservation. Coupled with the availability of robust genetic and transgenic tools, transparent embryos and rapid larval development, studies of zebrafish allow detailed cellular analysis of many dynamic processes. In recent decades, the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the process of gonad development have been the subject of intense research using zebrafish models. In this mini-review, we give a brief overview of these studies, and highlight the essential genes involved in sex determination and gonad development in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengling Ye
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University and Department of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University and Department of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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74
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Kushawah G, Hernandez-Huertas L, Abugattas-Nuñez del Prado J, Martinez-Morales JR, DeVore ML, Hassan H, Moreno-Sanchez I, Tomas-Gallardo L, Diaz-Moscoso A, Monges DE, Guelfo JR, Theune WC, Brannan EO, Wang W, Corbin TJ, Moran AM, Sánchez Alvarado A, Málaga-Trillo E, Takacs CM, Bazzini AA, Moreno-Mateos MA. CRISPR-Cas13d Induces Efficient mRNA Knockdown in Animal Embryos. Dev Cell 2020; 54:805-817.e7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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75
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Kawamura W, Tani R, Yahagi H, Kamio S, Morita T, Takeuchi Y, Yazawa R, Yoshizaki G. Suitability of hybrid mackerel (Scomber australasicus × S. japonicus) with germ cell-less sterile gonads as a recipient for transplantation of bluefin tuna germ cells. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2020; 295:113525. [PMID: 32502497 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We aim to establish a small-bodied surrogate broodstock, such as mackerel, which produces functional bluefin tuna gametes by spermatogonial transplantation. When reproductively fertile fish are used as recipients, endogenous gametogenesis outcompetes donor-derived gametogenesis, and recipient fish predominantly produce their gametes. In this study, we assessed fertility of hybrid mackerel, Scomber australasicus × S. japonicus, and its suitability as a recipient for transplantation of bluefin tuna germ cells. Hybrid mackerel were produced by artificially inseminating S. australasicus eggs with S. japonicus spermatozoa. Cellular DNA content and PCR analyses revealed that F1 offspring were diploid carrying both paternal and maternal genomes. Surprisingly, histological observations found no germ cells in hybrid mackerel gonads at 120 days post-hatch (dph), although they were present in the gonad of 30- and 60-dph hybrid mackerel. The frequency of germ cell-less fish was 100% at 120-dph, 63.1% at 1-year-old, and 81.8% at 2-year-old. We also confirmed a lack of expression of germ cell marker (DEAD-box helicase 4, ddx4) in the germ cell-less gonads of hybrid mackerel. By contrast, expression of Sertoli cell marker (gonadal soma-derived growth factor, gsdf) and of Leydig cell marker (steroid 11-beta-hydroxlase, cyp11b1) were clearly detected in hybrid mackerel gonads. Together these results showed that most of the hybrid gonads were germ cell-less sterile, but still possessed supporting cells and steroidogenic cells, both of which are indispensable for nursing donor-derived germ cells. To determine whether hybrid gonads could attract and incorporate donor bluefin tuna germ cells, testicular cells labeled with PKH26 fluorescent dye were intraperitoneally transplanted. Fluorescence observation of hybrid recipients at 14 days post-transplantation revealed that donor cells had been incorporated into the recipient's gonads. This suggests that hybrid mackerel show significant promise for use as a recipient to produce bluefin tuna gametes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Kawamura
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
| | - Reoto Tani
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
| | - Hana Yahagi
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
| | - Shigeharu Kamio
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Morita
- Oita Marine Biological Technology Center, Nippon Suisan Kaisha, Ltd., 508-8, Ariakrura Turumi, Saiki-shi, Oita 876-1204, Japan
| | - Yutaka Takeuchi
- Noto Center for Fisheries Science and Technology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, 11-4-1 Otsusaka, Noto-cho, Ishikawa 927-0552, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Yazawa
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan.
| | - Goro Yoshizaki
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan.
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76
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Jin Y, Liu W, Xiang Y, Zhang W, Zhang H, Jia K, Yi M. Maternal miR-202-5p is required for zebrafish primordial germ cell migration by protecting small GTPase Cdc42. J Mol Cell Biol 2020; 12:530-542. [PMID: 31742346 PMCID: PMC7493028 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjz103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In many lower animals, germ cell formation, migration, and maintenance depend on maternally provided determinants in germ plasm. In zebrafish, these processes have been extensively studied in terms of RNA-binding proteins and other coding genes. The role of small non-coding RNAs in the regulation of primordial germ cell (PGC) development remains largely unknown and poorly investigated, even though growing interests for the importance of miRNAs involved in a wide variety of biological processes. Here, we reported the role and mechanism of the germ plasm-specific miRNA miR-202-5p in PGC migration: (i) both maternal loss and knockdown of miR-202-5p impaired PGC migration indicated by the mislocalization and reduced number of PGCs; (ii) cdc42se1 was a direct target gene of miR-202-5p, and overexpression of Cdc42se1 in PGCs caused PGC migration defects similar to those observed in loss of miR-202-5p mutants; (iii) Cdc42se1 not only interacted with Cdc42 but also inhibited cdc42 transcription, and overexpression of Cdc42 could rescue PGC migration defects in Cdc42se1 overexpressed embryos. Thus, miR-202-5p regulates PGC migration by directly targeting and repressing Cdc42se1 to protect the expression of Cdc42, which interacts with actin to direct PGC migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Jin
- School of Marine Sciences Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 519082, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 519082, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 519082, China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Marine Sciences Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 519082, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 519082, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 519082, China
| | - Yangxi Xiang
- School of Marine Sciences Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 519082, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 519082, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 519082, China
| | - Wanwan Zhang
- School of Marine Sciences Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 519082, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 519082, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 519082, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- School of Marine Sciences Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 519082, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 519082, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 519082, China
| | - Kuntong Jia
- School of Marine Sciences Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 519082, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 519082, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 519082, China
- Correspondence to: Meisheng Yi, E-mail: ; Kuntong Jia, E-mail:
| | - Meisheng Yi
- School of Marine Sciences Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 519082, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 519082, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 519082, China
- Correspondence to: Meisheng Yi, E-mail: ; Kuntong Jia, E-mail:
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Moravec CE, Pelegri F. The role of the cytoskeleton in germ plasm aggregation and compaction in the zebrafish embryo. Curr Top Dev Biol 2020; 140:145-179. [PMID: 32591073 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The transmission of genetic information from one generation to another is crucial for survival of animal species. This is accomplished by the induction of primordial germ cells (PGCs) that will eventually establish the germline. In some animals the germline is induced by signals in gastrula, whereas in others it is specified by inheritance of maternal determinants, known as germ plasm. In zebrafish, aggregation and compaction of maternally derived germ plasm during the first several embryonic cell cycles is essential for generation of PGCs. These processes are controlled by cellular functions associated with the cellular division apparatus. Ribonucleoparticles containing germ plasm components are bound to both the ends of astral microtubules and a dynamic F-actin network through a mechanism integrated with that which drives the cell division program. In this chapter we discuss the role that modifications of the cell division apparatus, including the cytoskeleton and cytoskeleton-associated proteins, play in the regulation of zebrafish germ plasm assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara E Moravec
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Francisco Pelegri
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.
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78
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Li J, Ge W. Zebrafish as a model for studying ovarian development: Recent advances from targeted gene knockout studies. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 507:110778. [PMID: 32142861 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian development is a complex process controlled by precise coordination of multiple factors. The targeted gene knockout technique is a powerful tool to study the functions of these factors. The successful application of this technique in mice in the past three decades has significantly enhanced our understanding on the molecular mechanism of ovarian development. Recently, with the advent of genome editing techniques, targeted gene knockout research can be carried out in many species. Zebrafish has emerged as an excellent model system to study the control of ovarian development. Dozens of genes related to ovarian development have been knocked out in zebrafish in recent years. Much new information and perspectives on the molecular mechanism of ovarian development have been obtained from these mutant zebrafish. Some findings have challenged conventional views. Several genes have been identified for the first time in vertebrates to control ovarian development. Focusing on ovarian development, the purpose of this review is to briefly summarize recent findings using these gene knockout zebrafish models, and compare these findings with mammalian models. These established mutants and rapid development of gene knockout techniques have prompted zebrafish as an ideal animal model for studying ovarian development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhen Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China, 730070.
| | - Wei Ge
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging (CRDA), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China.
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79
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Imai A, Hagiwara Y, Niimi Y, Tokumoto T, Saga Y, Suzuki A. Mouse dead end1 acts with Nanos2 and Nanos3 to regulate testicular teratoma incidence. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232047. [PMID: 32339196 PMCID: PMC7185693 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous testicular teratomas (STTs) derived from primordial germ cells (PGCs) in the mouse embryonic testes predominantly develop in the 129 family inbred strain. Ter (spontaneous mutation) is a single nucleotide polymorphism that generates a premature stop codon of Dead end1 (Dnd1) and increases the incidence of STTs in the 129 genetic background. We previously found that DND1 interacts with NANOS2 or NANOS3 and that these complexes play a vital role in male embryonic germ cells and adult spermatogonia. However, the following are unclear: (a) whether DND1 works with NANOS2 or NANOS3 to regulate teratoma incidence, and (b) whether Ter simply causes Dnd1 loss or produces a short mutant DND1 protein. In the current study, we newly established a conventional Dnd1-knockout mouse line and found that these mice showed phenotypes similar to those of Ter mutant mice in spermatogenesis, oogenesis, and teratoma incidence, with a slight difference in spermiogenesis. In addition, we found that the amount of DND1 in Dnd1+/Ter embryos decreased to half of that in wild-type embryos, while the expression of the short mutant DND1 was not detected. We also found that double mutants for Dnd1 and Nanos2 or Nanos3 showed synergistic increase in the incidence of STTs. These data support the idea that Ter causes Dnd1 loss, leading to an increase in STT incidence, and that DND1 acts with NANOS2 and NANOS3 to regulate the development of teratoma from PGCs in the 129 genetic background. Thus, our results clarify the role of Dnd1 in the development of STTs and provide a novel insight into its pathogenic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuki Imai
- Division of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Hagiwara
- Division of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuki Niimi
- Division of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Toshinobu Tokumoto
- Biological Science Course, Graduate School of Science, National University Corporation Shizuoka University, Suruga, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yumiko Saga
- Division of Mammalian Development, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Suzuki
- Division of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Division of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
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80
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Trade-off between somatic and germline repair in a vertebrate supports the expensive germ line hypothesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:8973-8979. [PMID: 32245815 PMCID: PMC7183174 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1918205117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
“How can we stop aging?” is still a largely unanswered question. Understanding the possible mechanisms that lead to the gradual deterioration of the organism over time is key to answer this question and finding possible antidotes. A central tenet of the evolutionary theory of aging is the possible trade-off between the maintenance of the immortal germ line and the disposable soma. Male vertebrates continue somatic and germline proliferation throughout life, offering an ideal opportunity to study this hypothesis. We show that in male zebrafish exposed to stressful conditions, the experimental removal of the germ line improves somatic recovery. Our results provide direct evidence for the cost of the germ line in a vertebrate. The disposable soma theory is a central tenet of the biology of aging where germline immortality comes at the cost of an aging soma [T. B. L. Kirkwood, Nature 270, 301–304 (1977); T. B. L. Kirkwood, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 205, 531–546 (1979); T. B. L. Kirkwood, S. N. Austad, Nature 408, 233–238 (2000)]. Limited resources and a possible trade-off between the repair and maintenance of the germ cells and growth and maintenance of the soma may explain the deterioration of the soma over time. Here we show that germline removal allows accelerated somatic healing under stress. We tested “the expensive germ line” hypothesis by generating germline-free zebrafish Danio rerio and testing the effect of the presence and absence of the germ line on somatic repair under benign and stressful conditions. We exposed male fish to sublethal low-dose ionizing radiation, a genotoxic stress affecting the soma and the germ line, and tested how fast the soma recovered following partial fin ablation. We found that somatic recovery from ablation occurred substantially faster in irradiated germline-free fish than in the control germline-carrying fish where somatic recovery was stunned. The germ line did show signs of postirradiation recovery in germline-carrying fish in several traits related to offspring number and fitness. These results support the theoretical conjecture that germline maintenance is costly and directly trades off with somatic maintenance.
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81
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Nagasawa K, Ishida M, Octavera A, Kusano K, Kezuka F, Kitano T, Yoshiura Y, Yoshizaki G. Novel method for mass producing genetically sterile fish from surrogate broodstock via spermatogonial transplantation†. Biol Reprod 2020; 100:535-546. [PMID: 30252024 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A stable system for producing sterile domesticated fish is required to prevent genetic contamination to native populations caused by aquaculture escapees. The objective of this study was to develop a system to mass produce stock for aquaculture that is genetically sterile by surrogate broodstock via spermatogonial transplantation (SGTP). We previously discovered that female medaka carrying mutations on the follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (fshr) gene become sterile. In this study, we demonstrated that sterile hybrid recipient females that received spermatogonia isolated from sex-reversed XX males (fshr (-/-)) recovered their fertility and produced only donor-derived fshr (-) X eggs. Natural mating between these females and fshr (-/-) sex-reversed XX males successfully produced large numbers of sterile fshr (-/-) female offspring. In conclusion, we established a new strategy for efficient mass production of sterile fish. This system can be applied to any aquaculture species for which SGTP and methods for producing sterile recipients can be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazue Nagasawa
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Ishida
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Anna Octavera
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazunari Kusano
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumi Kezuka
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kitano
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yasutoshi Yoshiura
- Yashima Station, Stock Enhancement and Management Department, National Research Institute of Fisheries and Enhancement of Inland Sea, Fisheries Research Agency, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Goro Yoshizaki
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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82
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Westerich KJ, Chandrasekaran KS, Gross-Thebing T, Kueck N, Raz E, Rentmeister A. Bioorthogonal mRNA labeling at the poly(A) tail for imaging localization and dynamics in live zebrafish embryos. Chem Sci 2020; 11:3089-3095. [PMID: 33623655 PMCID: PMC7879197 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc05981d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Live imaging of mRNA in cells and organisms is important for understanding the dynamic aspects underlying its function.
Live imaging of mRNA in cells and organisms is important for understanding the dynamic aspects underlying its function. Ideally, labeling of mRNA should not alter its structure or function, nor affect the biological system. However, most methods applied in vivo make use of genetically encoded tags and reporters that significantly enhance the size of the mRNA of interest. Alternately, we utilize the 3′ poly(A) tail as a non-coding repetitive hallmark to covalently label mRNAs via bioorthogonal chemistry with different fluorophores from a wide range of spectra without significantly changing the size. We demonstrate that the labeled mRNAs can be visualized in cells and zebrafish embryos, and that they are efficiently translated. Importantly, the labeled mRNAs acquired the proper subcellular localization in developing zebrafish embryos and their dynamics could be tracked in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim J Westerich
- Institute of Cell Biology Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation , University of Münster , D-48149 Münster , Germany .
| | - Karthik S Chandrasekaran
- Institut für Biochemie , Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 2 , 48149 Münster , Germany .
| | - Theresa Gross-Thebing
- Institute of Cell Biology Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation , University of Münster , D-48149 Münster , Germany .
| | - Nadine Kueck
- Institut für Biochemie , Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 2 , 48149 Münster , Germany .
| | - Erez Raz
- Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre (CiMIC) , Waldeyerstraße 15 , D-48149 Münster , Germany.,Institute of Cell Biology Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation , University of Münster , D-48149 Münster , Germany .
| | - Andrea Rentmeister
- Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre (CiMIC) , Waldeyerstraße 15 , D-48149 Münster , Germany.,Institut für Biochemie , Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 2 , 48149 Münster , Germany .
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83
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Zhang F, Li X, He M, Ye D, Xiong F, Amin G, Zhu Z, Sun Y. Efficient generation of zebrafish maternal-zygotic mutants through transplantation of ectopically induced and Cas9/gRNA targeted primordial germ cells. J Genet Genomics 2020; 47:37-47. [PMID: 32094061 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2019.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 technology has been widely utilized for knocking out genes involved in various biological processes in zebrafish. Despite this technology is efficient for generating different mutations, one of the main drawbacks is low survival rate during embryogenesis when knocking out some embryonic lethal genes. To overcome this problem, we developed a novel strategy using a combination of CRISPR/Cas9 mediated gene knockout with primordial germ cell (PGC) transplantation (PGCT) to facilitate and speed up the process of zebrafish mutant generation, particularly for embryonic lethal genes. Firstly, we optimized the procedure for CRISPR/Cas9 targeted PGCT by increasing the efficiencies of genome mutation in PGCs and induction of PGC fates in donor embryos for PGCT. Secondly, the optimized CRISPR/Cas9 targeted PGCT was utilized for generation of maternal-zygotic (MZ) mutants of tcf7l1a (gene essential for head development), pou5f3 (gene essential for zygotic genome activation) and chd (gene essential for dorsal development) at F1 generation with relatively high efficiency. Finally, we revealed some novel phenotypes in MZ mutants of tcf7l1a and chd, as MZtcf7l1a showed elevated neural crest development while MZchd had much severer ventralization than its zygotic counterparts. Therefore, this study presents an efficient and powerful method for generating MZ mutants of embryonic lethal genes in zebrafish. It is also feasible to speed up the genome editing in commercial fishes by utilizing a similar approach by surrogate production of CRISPR/Cas9 targeted germ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xianmei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Mudan He
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ding Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Feng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Golpour Amin
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zuoyan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yonghua Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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84
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Gross-Thebing T, Raz E. Dead end and Detour: The function of the RNA-binding protein Dnd in posttranscriptional regulation in the germline. Curr Top Dev Biol 2020; 140:181-208. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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85
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Grimaldi C, Raz E. Germ cell migration-Evolutionary issues and current understanding. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 100:152-159. [PMID: 31864795 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In many organisms, primordial germ cells (PGCs) are specified at a different location than where the gonad forms, meaning that PGCs must migrate toward the gonad within the early developing embryo. Following species-specific paths, PGCs can be passively carried by surrounding tissues and also perform active migration. When PGCs actively migrate through and along a variety of embryonic structures in different organisms, they adopt an ancestral robust migration mode termed "amoeboid motility", which allows cells to migrate within diverse environments. In this review, we discuss the possible significance of the PGC migration process in facilitating the evolution of animal body shape. In addition, we summarize the latest findings relevant for the molecular and cellular mechanisms controlling the movement and the directed migration of PGCs in different species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Grimaldi
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, Münster, 48149, Germany
| | - Erez Raz
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, Münster, 48149, Germany.
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86
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Farnsworth DR, Saunders LM, Miller AC. A single-cell transcriptome atlas for zebrafish development. Dev Biol 2019; 459:100-108. [PMID: 31782996 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2019.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The ability to define cell types and how they change during organogenesis is central to our understanding of animal development and human disease. Despite the crucial nature of this knowledge, we have yet to fully characterize all distinct cell types and the gene expression differences that generate cell types during development. To address this knowledge gap, we produced an atlas using single-cell RNA-sequencing methods to investigate gene expression from the pharyngula to early larval stages in developing zebrafish. Our single-cell transcriptome atlas encompasses transcriptional profiles from 44,102 cells across four days of development using duplicate experiments that confirmed high reproducibility. We annotated 220 identified clusters and highlighted several strategies for interrogating changes in gene expression associated with the development of zebrafish embryos at single-cell resolution. Furthermore, we highlight the power of this analysis to assign new cell-type or developmental stage-specific expression information to many genes, including those that are currently known only by sequence and/or that lack expression information altogether. The resulting atlas is a resource for biologists to generate hypotheses for functional analysis, which we hope integrates with existing efforts to define the diversity of cell-types during zebrafish organogenesis, and to examine the transcriptional profiles that produce each cell type over developmental time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lauren M Saunders
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Adam C Miller
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA.
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87
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Mondal P, Krishnamurthy VV, Sharum SR, Haack N, Zhou H, Cheng J, Yang J, Zhang K. Repurposing Protein Degradation for Optogenetic Modulation of Protein Activities. ACS Synth Biol 2019; 8:2585-2592. [PMID: 31600062 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.9b00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Non-neuronal optogenetic approaches empower precise regulation of protein dynamics in live cells but often require target-specific protein engineering. To address this challenge, we developed a generalizable light-modulated protein stabilization system (GLIMPSe) to control the intracellular protein level independent of its functionality. We applied GLIMPSe to control two distinct classes of proteins: mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 3 (MKP3), a negative regulator of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway, and a constitutively active form of MEK (CA MEK), a positive regulator of the same pathway. Kinetics study showed that light-induced protein stabilization could be achieved within 30 min of blue light stimulation. GLIMPSe enables target-independent optogenetic control of protein activities and therefore minimizes the systematic variation embedded within different photoactivatable proteins. Overall, GLIMPSe promises to achieve light-mediated post-translational stabilization of a wide array of target proteins in live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jing Yang
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 2001 S Lincoln Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61802, United States
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88
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Zhou L, Wang X, Liu Q, Xu S, Zhao H, Han M, Wang Y, Song Z, Li J. Visualization of Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) Primordial Germ Cells in vivo Using Fluorescent Protein Mediated by the 3' Untranslated Region of nanos3 or vasa Gene. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 21:671-682. [PMID: 31502176 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-019-09911-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Primordial germ cells (PGCs) as the precursors of germ cells are responsible for transmitting genetic information to the next generation. Visualization of teleost PGCs in vivo is essential to research the origination and development of germ cells and facilitate further manipulation on PGCs isolation, cryopreservation, and surrogate breeding. In this study, artificially synthesized mRNAs constructed by fusing fluorescent protein coding region to the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of nanos3 or vasa (mCherry-Smnanos3 3'UTR or mCherry-Smvasa 3'UTR mRNA) were injected into turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) fertilized eggs for tracing PGCs. The results demonstrated that the fluorescent PGCs differentiated from somatic cells and aligned on both sides of the trunk at the early segmentation period, then migrated and located at the dorsal part of the gut where the gonad would form. In the same way, we also found that the zebrafish (Danio rerio) vasa 3'UTR could trace turbot PGCs, while the vasa 3'UTR s of marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma) and red seabream (Pagrus major) failed, although they could label the marine medaka PGCs. In addition, through comparative analysis, we discovered that some potential sequence elements in the3 'UTRs of nanos3 and vasa, such as GCACs, 62-bp U-rich regions and nucleotide 187-218 regions might be involved in PGCs stabilization. The results of this study provided an efficient, rapid, and specific non-transgenic approach for visualizing PGCs of economical marine fish in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xueying Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Qinghua Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China.
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China.
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China.
| | - Shihong Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Haixia Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingming Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Yunong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zongcheng Song
- Weihai Shenghang Aquatic Product Science and Technology Co. Ltd., Weihai, 264200, China
| | - Jun Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China.
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China.
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China.
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89
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Nunez L, Mokkapati S, Yu C, Deng JM, Behringer RR, Matin A. Generation of a novel mouse strain with conditional, cell-type specific, expression of DND1. Genesis 2019; 57:e23335. [PMID: 31513344 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Dead-End 1 (DND1) encodes an RNA binding protein critical for viable primordial germ cells in vertebrates. When introduced into cancer cell lines, DND1 suppresses cell proliferation and enhances apoptosis. However, the molecular function of mammalian wild-type DND1 has mostly been studied in cell lines and not verified in the organism. To facilitate study of wild-type DND1 function in mammalian systems, we generated a novel transgenic mouse line, LSL-FM-DND1 flox/+ , which conditionally expresses genetically engineered, FLAG-tagged and myc-tagged DND1 in a cell type-specific manner. We report that FLAG-myc-DND1 is indeed expressed in specific tissues of the mouse when LSL-FM-DND1 flox/+ is combined with mouse strains expressing Cre-recombinase. LSL-FM-DND1 flox/+ mice are fertile with no overt health effects. We expressed FLAG-myc-DND1 in the pancreas and found that chronic, ectopic expression of FLAG-myc-DND1 led to increase in fasting glucose levels in older mice. Thus, this novel LSL-FM-DND1 flox/+ mouse strain will facilitate studies on the biological and molecular function of wild-type DND1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Nunez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas
| | - Sharada Mokkapati
- Department of Genetics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Chengtai Yu
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Jian M Deng
- Department of Genetics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Richard R Behringer
- Department of Genetics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Angabin Matin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas
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90
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Negri A, Ferrari M, Nodari R, Coppa E, Mastrantonio V, Zanzani S, Porretta D, Bandi C, Urbanelli S, Epis S. Gene silencing through RNAi and antisense Vivo-Morpholino increases the efficacy of pyrethroids on larvae of Anopheles stephensi. Malar J 2019; 18:294. [PMID: 31462239 PMCID: PMC6712854 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-019-2925-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Insecticides are still at the core of insect pest and vector control programmes. Several lines of evidence indicate that ABC transporters are involved in detoxification processes against insecticides, including permethrin and other pyrethroids. In particular, the ABCG4 gene, a member of the G subfamily, has consistently been shown to be up-regulated in response to insecticide treatments in the mosquito malaria vector Anopheles stephensi (both adults and larvae). Methods To verify the actual involvement of this transmembrane protein in the detoxification process of permethrin, bioassays on larvae of An. stephensi, combining the insecticide with a siRNA, specifically designed for the inhibition of ABCG4 gene expression were performed. Administration to larvae of the same siRNA, labeled with a fluorescent molecule, was effected to investigate the systemic distribution of the inhibitory RNA into the larval bodies. Based on siRNA results, similar experiments using antisense Vivo-Morpholinos (Vivo-MOs) were effected. These molecules, compared to siRNA, are expected to guarantee a higher stability in environmental conditions and in the insect gut, and present thus a higher potential for future in-field applications. Results Bioassays using two different concentrations of siRNA, associated with permethrin, led to an increase of larval mortality, compared with results with permethrin alone. These outcomes confirm that ABCG4 transporter plays a role in the detoxification process against the selected insecticide. Moreover, after fluorescent labelling, it was shown the systemic dissemination of siRNA in different body districts of An. stephensi larvae, which suggest a potential systemic effect of the molecule. At the same time, results of Vivo-MO experiments were congruent with those obtained using siRNA, thus confirming the potential of ABCG4 inhibition as a strategy to increase permethrin susceptibility in mosquitoes. For the first time, Vivo-MOs were administered in water to larvae, with evidence for a biological effect. Conclusions Targeting ABCG4 gene for silencing through both techniques resulted in an increased pyrethroid efficacy. These results open the way toward the possibility to exploit ABCG4 inhibition in the context of integrated programmes for the control An. stephensi mosquitoes and malaria transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Negri
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Sardi 70, 00185, Rome, Italy.,Department of Biosciences and Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy.,Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sulla Malaria/Italian Malaria Network, Via del Giochetto, 06126, Perugia, Italy
| | - Marco Ferrari
- Department of Biosciences and Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, 7620 NW Loop 410, San Antonio, TX, 78227-5301, USA
| | - Riccardo Nodari
- Department of Biosciences and Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy.,Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sulla Malaria/Italian Malaria Network, Via del Giochetto, 06126, Perugia, Italy
| | - Edoardo Coppa
- Department of Biosciences and Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Mastrantonio
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Sardi 70, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Zanzani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine-DIMEVET, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria, 10, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Porretta
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Sardi 70, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Bandi
- Department of Biosciences and Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy.,Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sulla Malaria/Italian Malaria Network, Via del Giochetto, 06126, Perugia, Italy
| | - Sandra Urbanelli
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Sardi 70, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Epis
- Department of Biosciences and Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy. .,Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sulla Malaria/Italian Malaria Network, Via del Giochetto, 06126, Perugia, Italy.
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91
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Zhang X, Li X, Li R, Zhang Y, Li Y, Li S. Transcriptomic profile of early zebrafish PGCs by single cell sequencing. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220364. [PMID: 31412047 PMCID: PMC6693734 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Single cell RNA-seq is a powerful and sensitive way to capture the genome-wide gene expression. Here, single cell RNA-seq was utilized to study the transcriptomic profile of early zebrafish PGCs (primordial germ cells) at three different developmental stages. The three stages were 6, 11 and 24 hpf (hours post fertilization). For each developmental stage, three zebrafish PGCs from one embryo were collected, and 9 samples in total were used in this experiment. Single cell RNA-seq results showed that 5099–7376 genes were detected among the 9 samples, and the number of expressed genes decreased as development progressed. Based on the gene expression pattern, samples from 6 and 11 hpf clustered closely, while samples from 24 hpf were more dispersed. By WGCNA (weighted gene co-expression network analysis), the two biggest modules that had inverse gene expression patterns were found to be related to PGC formation or migration. Functional enrichment analysis for these two modules showed that PGCs mainly conducted migration and cell division in early development (6/11 hpf) and translation activity became active in late development (24 hpf). Differentially expressed gene analyses showed that more genes were downregulated than upregulated between two adjacent stages, and genes related to PGC formation or migration reported by previous studies decreased significantly from 11 to 24 hpf. Our results provide base knowledge about zebrafish PGC development at the single cell level and can be further studied by other researchers interested in biological development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xintian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ronghong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunbin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shifeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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92
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Ruthig VA, Friedersdorf MB, Garness JA, Munger SC, Bunce C, Keene JD, Capel B. The RNA-binding protein DND1 acts sequentially as a negative regulator of pluripotency and a positive regulator of epigenetic modifiers required for germ cell reprogramming. Development 2019; 146:dev175950. [PMID: 31253634 PMCID: PMC6803376 DOI: 10.1242/dev.175950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The adult spermatogonial stem cell population arises from pluripotent primordial germ cells (PGCs) that enter the fetal testis around embryonic day (E)10.5. PGCs undergo rapid mitotic proliferation, then enter prolonged cell cycle arrest (G1/G0), during which they transition to pro-spermatogonia. In mice homozygous for the Ter mutation in the RNA-binding protein Dnd1 (Dnd1Ter/Ter ), many male germ cells (MGCs) fail to enter G1/G0 and instead form teratomas: tumors containing many embryonic cell types. To investigate the origin of these tumors, we sequenced the MGC transcriptome in Dnd1Ter/Ter mutants at E12.5, E13.5 and E14.5, immediately prior to teratoma formation, and correlated this information with DO-RIP-Seq-identified DND1 direct targets. Consistent with previous results, we found DND1 controls downregulation of many genes associated with pluripotency and active cell cycle, including mTor, Hippo and Bmp/Nodal signaling pathway elements. However, DND1 targets also include genes associated with male differentiation, including a large group of chromatin regulators activated in wild-type but not mutant MGCs during the E13.5 and E14.5 transition. Results suggest multiple DND1 functions and link DND1 to initiation of epigenetic modifications in MGCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor A Ruthig
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Matthew B Friedersdorf
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jason A Garness
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | - Corey Bunce
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jack D Keene
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Blanche Capel
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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93
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Skvortsova K, Tarbashevich K, Stehling M, Lister R, Irimia M, Raz E, Bogdanovic O. Retention of paternal DNA methylome in the developing zebrafish germline. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3054. [PMID: 31296860 PMCID: PMC6624265 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10895-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Two waves of DNA methylation reprogramming occur during mammalian embryogenesis; during preimplantation development and during primordial germ cell (PGC) formation. However, it is currently unclear how evolutionarily conserved these processes are. Here we characterise the DNA methylomes of zebrafish PGCs at four developmental stages and identify retention of paternal epigenetic memory, in stark contrast to the findings in mammals. Gene expression profiling of zebrafish PGCs at the same developmental stages revealed that the embryonic germline is defined by a small number of markers that display strong developmental stage-specificity and that are independent of DNA methylation-mediated regulation. We identified promoters that are specifically targeted by DNA methylation in somatic and germline tissues during vertebrate embryogenesis and that are frequently misregulated in human cancers. Together, these detailed methylome and transcriptome maps of the zebrafish germline provide insight into vertebrate DNA methylation reprogramming and enhance our understanding of the relationships between germline fate acquisition and oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia Skvortsova
- Genomics and Epigenetics Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Katsiaryna Tarbashevich
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, Münster, 48149, Germany
| | - Martin Stehling
- Flow Cytometry Unit, Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Roentgenstraße 20, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Ryan Lister
- ARC CoE Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
- Molecular Medicine Division, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Manuel Irimia
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Barcelona, 08003, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, 08002, Spain
- ICREA, Barcelona, 08010, Spain
| | - Erez Raz
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, Münster, 48149, Germany
| | - Ozren Bogdanovic
- Genomics and Epigenetics Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.
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94
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A state-of-the-art review of surrogate propagation in fish. Theriogenology 2019; 133:216-227. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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95
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Sanchez A, Xu L, Pierce JL, Lafin JT, Abe D, Bagrodia A, Frazier AL, Amatruda JF. Identification of testicular cancer driver genes by a cross-species comparative oncology approach. Andrology 2019; 7:545-554. [PMID: 31087453 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Germ cell tumors arise in the testis, ovary, or extragonadal locations and have a wide range of histopathological and clinical presentations. The relative lack of animal models of germ cell tumors has impeded functional assessment of candidate driver genes. Previously, we described the development of testicular germ cell tumors in zebrafish carrying a mutation in bmpr1bb, a BMP family receptor, and demonstrated that human germ cell tumors have defects in BMP signaling. OBJECTIVE To further credential the zebrafish model for studies of human germ cell tumor, and to elucidate conserved genetic programs underlying the development of germ cell tumor. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used genetic techniques to ablate the germ cell lineage in developing fish and tested tumors for loss-of-heterozygosity of the wild-type allele of bmpr1bb. We performed comparative gene expression profiling of zebrafish and human germ cell tumors and carried out functional studies of selected genes. RESULTS Ablation of germ cells completely prevents testis tumor formation in the fish, definitively establishing the germ cell origin of the tumors. Germ cell tumors in bmpr1bb heterozygous mutants retain the wild-type allele, indicating haploinsufficiency of bmpr1bb as the mechanism of tumor formation. Comparison of RNA-Seq and microarray data from human and zebrafish germ cell tumors revealed a unique overlapping signature shared by the zebrafish tumors with human seminomas, yolk sac tumors, and embryonal carcinomas. The most highly conserved gene set in this cross-species analysis included potential driver genes such as JUP, which we show to be essential for germ cell tumor cell growth. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight the value of cross-species comparative oncology for the identification of candidate human cancer genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sanchez
- Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - L Xu
- Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical, Dallas, TX, USA.,Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - J L Pierce
- Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - J T Lafin
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - D Abe
- Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - A Bagrodia
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - A L Frazier
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J F Amatruda
- Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical, Dallas, TX, USA
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96
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Abstract
Primordial germ cells (PGCs) must complete a complex and dynamic developmental program during embryogenesis to establish the germline. This process is highly conserved and involves a diverse array of tasks required of PGCs, including migration, survival, sex differentiation, and extensive epigenetic reprogramming. A common theme across many organisms is that PGC success is heterogeneous: only a portion of all PGCs complete all these steps while many other PGCs are eliminated from further germline contribution. The differences that distinguish successful PGCs as a population are not well understood. Here, we examine variation that exists in PGCs as they navigate the many stages of this developmental journey. We explore potential sources of PGC heterogeneity and their potential implications in affecting germ cell behaviors. Lastly, we discuss the potential for PGC development to function as a multistage selection process that assesses heterogeneity in PGCs to refine germline quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel H Nguyen
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Science, Center for Reproductive Sciences, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Rebecca G Jaszczak
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Science, Center for Reproductive Sciences, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Diana J Laird
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Science, Center for Reproductive Sciences, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States.
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97
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Hwang H, Jin Z, Krishnamurthy VV, Saha A, Klein PS, Garcia B, Mei W, King ML, Zhang K, Yang J. Novel functions of the ubiquitin-independent proteasome system in regulating Xenopus germline development. Development 2019; 146:dev172700. [PMID: 30910828 PMCID: PMC6503979 DOI: 10.1242/dev.172700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In most species, early germline development occurs in the absence of transcription with germline determinants subject to complex translational and post-translational regulations. Here, we report for the first time that early germline development is influenced by dynamic regulation of the proteasome system, previously thought to be ubiquitously expressed and to serve 'housekeeping' roles in controlling protein homeostasis. We show that proteasomes are present in a gradient with the highest levels in the animal hemisphere and extending into the vegetal hemisphere of Xenopus oocytes. This distribution changes dramatically during the oocyte-to-embryo transition, with proteasomes becoming enriched in and restricted to the animal hemisphere and therefore separated from vegetally localized germline determinants. We identify Dead-end1 (Dnd1), a master regulator of vertebrate germline development, as a novel substrate of the ubiquitin-independent proteasomes. In the oocyte, ubiquitin-independent proteasomal degradation acts together with translational repression to prevent premature accumulation of Dnd1 protein. In the embryo, artificially increasing ubiquitin-independent proteasomal degradation in the vegetal pole interferes with germline development. Our work thus reveals novel inhibitory functions and spatial regulation of the ubiquitin-independent proteasome during vertebrate germline development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyojeong Hwang
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2001 South Lincoln Avenue, 3411 Veterinary Medicine Basic Sciences Building, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
| | - Zhigang Jin
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2001 South Lincoln Avenue, 3411 Veterinary Medicine Basic Sciences Building, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, China
| | - Vishnu Vardhan Krishnamurthy
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S Mathews, 314B Roger Adams Laboratory, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Anumita Saha
- Epigenetics Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Peter S Klein
- Department of Medicine (Hematology-Oncology), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Benjamin Garcia
- Epigenetics Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Wenyan Mei
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2001 South Lincoln Avenue, 3411 Veterinary Medicine Basic Sciences Building, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
| | - Mary Lou King
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1011 NW 15th St, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S Mathews, 314B Roger Adams Laboratory, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2001 South Lincoln Avenue, 3411 Veterinary Medicine Basic Sciences Building, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
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98
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Dnd1 Knockout in Sturgeons By CRISPR/Cas9 Generates Germ Cell Free Host for Surrogate Production. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9040174. [PMID: 30999629 PMCID: PMC6523263 DOI: 10.3390/ani9040174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Sturgeons, also called archaic giants, are critically endangered fish species due to overfishing for caviar and interference in their natural habitats. Some sturgeon species have life spans of over 100 years and sexual maturity is attained between 20 to 25 years. Sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus) has fastest reproductive cycle; thus, this species can be used for surrogate production in sturgeons. Primordial germ cells are the origin of all germ cells in developing embryos. Dnd1 is essential for formation and migration of primordial germ cells and its inactivation results in sterility in fish. In our study, we have used a cutting-edge genome editing technology known as CRISPR/Cas9 to knockout dnd1 and to prepare a sterile sterlet host. CRISPR/Cas9 knocked-out embryos lacked primordial germ cells and can be used as a sterile host for surrogate production in sturgeons. Abstract Sturgeons also known as living fossils are facing threats to their survival due to overfishing and interference in natural habitats. Sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus) due to its rapid reproductive cycle and small body size can be used as a sterile host for surrogate production for late maturing and large sturgeon species. Dead end protein (dnd1) is essential for migration of Primordial Germ Cells (PGCs), the origin of all germ cells in developing embryos. Knockout or knockdown of dnd1 can be done in order to mismigrate PGCs. Previously we have used MO and UV for the aforementioned purpose, and in our present study we have used CRISPR/Cas9 technology to knockout dnd1. No or a smaller number of PGCs were detected in crispants, and we also observed malformations in some CRISPR/Cas9 injected embryos. Furthermore, we compared three established methods to achieve sterility in sterlet, and we found higher embryo survival and hatching rates in CRISPR/Cas9, UV and MO, respectively.
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99
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Herpin A, Schmidt C, Kneitz S, Gobé C, Regensburger M, Le Cam A, Montfort J, Adolfi MC, Lillesaar C, Wilhelm D, Kraeussling M, Mourot B, Porcon B, Pannetier M, Pailhoux E, Ettwiller L, Dolle D, Guiguen Y, Schartl M. A novel evolutionary conserved mechanism of RNA stability regulates synexpression of primordial germ cell-specific genes prior to the sex-determination stage in medaka. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000185. [PMID: 30947255 PMCID: PMC6448818 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dmrt1 is a highly conserved transcription factor, which is critically involved in regulation of gonad development of vertebrates. In medaka, a duplicate of dmrt1-acting as master sex-determining gene-has a tightly timely and spatially controlled gonadal expression pattern. In addition to transcriptional regulation, a sequence motif in the 3' UTR (D3U-box) mediates transcript stability of dmrt1 mRNAs from medaka and other vertebrates. We show here that in medaka, two RNA-binding proteins with antagonizing properties target this D3U-box, promoting either RNA stabilization in germ cells or degradation in the soma. The D3U-box is also conserved in other germ-cell transcripts, making them responsive to the same RNA binding proteins. The evolutionary conservation of the D3U-box motif within dmrt1 genes of metazoans-together with preserved expression patterns of the targeting RNA binding proteins in subsets of germ cells-suggest that this new mechanism for controlling RNA stability is not restricted to fishes but might also apply to other vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaury Herpin
- INRA, UR1037 Fish Physiology and Genomics, Rennes, France
- University of Wuerzburg, Physiological Chemistry, Biocenter, Wuerzburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Cornelia Schmidt
- University of Wuerzburg, Physiological Chemistry, Biocenter, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Kneitz
- University of Wuerzburg, Physiological Chemistry, Biocenter, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Clara Gobé
- UMR BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay, Jouy en Josas, France
| | | | - Aurélie Le Cam
- INRA, UR1037 Fish Physiology and Genomics, Rennes, France
| | | | - Mateus C. Adolfi
- University of Wuerzburg, Physiological Chemistry, Biocenter, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Christina Lillesaar
- University of Wuerzburg, Physiological Chemistry, Biocenter, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Dagmar Wilhelm
- University of Melbourne, Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Kraeussling
- University of Wuerzburg, Physiological Chemistry, Biocenter, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Maëlle Pannetier
- UMR BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Eric Pailhoux
- UMR BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Laurence Ettwiller
- University of Heidelberg, Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Department of Developmental Biology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dirk Dolle
- University of Heidelberg, Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Department of Developmental Biology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yann Guiguen
- INRA, UR1037 Fish Physiology and Genomics, Rennes, France
| | - Manfred Schartl
- University of Wuerzburg, Physiological Chemistry, Biocenter, Wuerzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital, Wuerzburg, Germany
- Hagler Institute for Advanced Study and Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
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100
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Kossack ME, Draper BW. Genetic regulation of sex determination and maintenance in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Curr Top Dev Biol 2019; 134:119-149. [PMID: 30999973 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Over the last several decades zebrafish (Danio rerio) has become a major model organism for the study of vertebrate development and physiology. Given this, it may be surprising how little is known about the mechanism that zebrafish use to determine sex. While zebrafish are a gonochoristic species (having two sexes) that do not switch sex as adults, it was appreciated early on that sex ratios obtained from breeding lab domesticated lines were not typically a 1:1 ratio of male and female, suggesting that sex was not determined by a strict chromosomal mechanism. Here we will review the recent progress toward defining the genetic mechanism for sex determination in both wild and domesticated zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle E Kossack
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Bruce W Draper
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, United States.
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