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von Gruenigen VE, Frasure HE, Smith DA, Fusco NL, Eaton SM, DeBernardo RL, Heugel AM, Waggoner SE. Toxicity of weekly oral topotecan in relation to dosage for gynecologic malignancies: a phase I study. Anticancer Drugs 2012; 23:724-30. [PMID: 22555194 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0b013e32835396d4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the dose of weekly oral topotecan that allows safe administration and to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of this dose in patients with recurrent gynecologic malignancies. The first cohort of patients received oral topotecan 6 mg/week administered orally on days 1, 8, and 15 of a 28-day regimen. A standard 3+3 dose-escalating phase design was used for dose levels II-V (8, 10, 12 and 14 mg/week). Toxicity was scored according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events. Cumulative toxicity was summarized in the 6-12 mg/week combined cohort and 14 mg/week cohort separately. Pharmacokinetic samples were obtained for day 1, cycle 1 only in the expansion cohort (dose level V). Twenty-five patients received a total of 88 cycles of therapy. Hematologic toxicities of grade 3 (6-12 mg dose) were neutropenia (25%) and anemia (8.3%). Gastrointestinal toxicities of grade 3 were diarrhea (16.7%) and obstruction (8.3%, disease-related). Grade 3 or 4 (14 mg/week) hematologic toxicities consisted of neutropenia (38.5%), platelets (15.4%), anemia (15.4%), infection with neutropenia (7.7%), and thrombosis (7.7%). Gastrointestinal toxicities of grade 3 were diarrhea (7.7%), obstruction (7.7%), and vomiting (7.7%). One patient died secondary to neutropenic sepsis. One patient (4%; 95% confidence interval: 2.1, 22.3) showed a partial response and five patients (20%; 95% confidence interval: 7.6, 41.3) had stable disease. An oral topotecan dose of 14 mg/week for 3 consecutive weeks out of 4 is mostly associated with acceptable toxicities and may be considered for use in future single-agent phase II trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian E von Gruenigen
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Summa Akron City Hospital, Akron, Ohio 44309, USA.
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52
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Tiribelli M, Fabbro D, Franzoni A, Fanin R, Damante G, Damiani D. Q141K polymorphism of ABCG2 protein is associated with poor prognosis in adult acute myeloid leukemia treated with idarubicin-based chemotherapy. Haematologica 2012; 98:e28-9. [PMID: 23065526 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2012.075895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/genetics
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Amino Acid Substitution
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/therapeutic use
- Humans
- Idarubicin/therapeutic use
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/mortality
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- Prognosis
- Young Adult
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53
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Cheng C, Liu ZG, Zhang H, Xie JD, Chen XG, Zhao XQ, Wang F, Liang YJ, Chen LK, Singh S, Chen JJ, Talele TT, Chen ZS, Zhong FT, Fu LW. Enhancing chemosensitivity in ABCB1- and ABCG2-overexpressing cells and cancer stem-like cells by an Aurora kinase inhibitor CCT129202. Mol Pharm 2012; 9:1971-82. [PMID: 22632055 DOI: 10.1021/mp2006714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Imidazopyridine CCT129202 is an inhibitor of Aurora kinase activity and displays a favorable antineoplastic effect in preclinical studies. Here, we investigated the enhanced effect of CCT129202 on the cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs in multidrug resistant (MDR) cells with overexpression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters and cancer stem-like cells. CCT129202 of more than 90% cell survival concentration significantly enhanced the cytotoxicity of substrate drugs and increased the intracellular accumulations of doxorubicin and rhodamine 123 in ABCB1 and ABCG2 overexpressing cells, while no effect was found on parental sensitive cells. Interestingly, CCT129202 also potentiated the sensitivity of cancer stem-like cells to doxorubicin. Importantly, CCT129202 increased the inhibitory effect of vincristine and paclitaxel on ABCB1 overexpressing KBv200 cell xenografts in nude mice and human esophageal cancer tissue overexpressing ABCB1 ex vivo, respectively. Furthermore, the ATPase activity of ABCB1 was inhibited by CCT129202. Homology modeling predicted the binding conformation of CCT129202 within the large hydrophobic cavity of ABCB1. On the other hand, CCT129202 neither apparently altered the expression levels of ABCB1 and ABCG2 nor inhibited the activity of Aurora kinases in MDR cells under the concentration of reversal MDR. In conclusion, CCT129202 significantly reversed ABCB1- and ABCG2-mediated MDR in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo by inhibiting the function of their transporters and enhanced the eradication of cancer stem-like cells by chemotherapeutic agents. CCT129202 may be a candidate as MDR reversal agent for antineoplastic combination therapy and merits further clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Cheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
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Mizuno T, Fukudo M, Terada T, Kamba T, Nakamura E, Ogawa O, Inui KI, Katsura T. Impact of genetic variation in breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) on sunitinib pharmacokinetics. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2012; 27:631-9. [PMID: 22673043 DOI: 10.2133/dmpk.dmpk-12-rg-026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To elucidate the impact of genetic variations in breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) and P-glycoprotein (MDR1/ABCB1) on the pharmacokinetics of sunitinib, we carried out a pharmacogenetic study in a clinical setting and pharmacokinetic analysis using Abcg2(-/-), Abcb1a/1b(-/-) and Abcb1a/1b;Abcg2(-/-) mice. Nineteen renal cell carcinoma patients were enrolled in this study. The plasma concentrations of sunitinib and its active metabolite were determined and the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) was calculated. Genetic polymorphisms in ABCG2 (421C>A) and ABCB1 (1236C>T, 2677G>T/A and 3435C>T) were examined. The dose-adjusted AUC(0-24) of sunitinib was significantly higher in patients with a heterozygous variant for ABCG2 421C>A than in wild-type patients (p = 0.02), and one homozygous patient showed the highest dose-adjusted AUC(0-24). The ABCB1 polymorphisms were not associated with the dose-adjusted AUC(0-24). The maximum concentration and AUC(0-4) of sunitinib were significantly higher in Abcg2(-/-), Abcb1a/1b(-/-) and Abcb1a/1b;Abcg2(-/-) mice than wild-type mice when sunitinib was given orally but not intraperitoneally. Incidence of thrombocytopenia and hypertension and poor compliance were associated with the systemic exposure to sunitinib and its active metabolite. These results suggest that the loss of protein expression of ABCG2 by genetic polymorphism is associated with an increase in the systemic exposure to sunitinib and sunitinib-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Mizuno
- Department of Pharmacy, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
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55
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ABCC1 polymorphisms in anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Cell Biol Int 2012; 36:79-86. [PMID: 21929509 DOI: 10.1042/cbi20110264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Revised: 07/07/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Anthracyclines are potent cytostatic drugs, the correct dosage being critical to avoid possible cardiac side effects. ABCC1 [ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C, member 1; also denoted as MRP1 (multidrug resistance-associated protein 1)] is expressed in the heart and takes part in the detoxification and protection of cells from the toxic effects of xenobiotics, including anthracyclines. Our objective was to search for associations between LV (left ventricular) function and single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the ABCC1 gene in children receiving anthracycline chemotherapy. Data of 235 paediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia was analysed. Patients were followed-up by echocardiography (median follow-up 6.3 years). Nine polymorphisms in the ABCC1 gene were genotyped. The ABCC1 rs3743527TT genotype and rs3743527TT–rs246221TC/TT genotype combination were associated with lower LVFS (left ventricular fractional shortening) after chemotherapy. The results suggest that genetic variants in the ABCC1 gene influence anthracycline-induced LV dysfunction.
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He XJ, Wang WR, Zhang Y, Yang Q. The effect of radixin knockdown on the expression and efflux function of MRP2 in SGC-7901 cells. Eur J Pharm Sci 2012; 46:426-34. [PMID: 22469515 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2012.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2011] [Revised: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2, ABCC2) is the second member of the MRP transporter family and functions physiologically as an organic anion transporter. Earlier studies have confirmed that radixin, which is a member of the ERM (ezrin/radixin/moesin) family, modulates MRP2 localization at the canalicular membrane in hepatocytes. The relationship between radixin and MRP2 - particularly, the effect of radixin on the expression and function of MRP2 in cells or tissues that co-express all three ERM proteins - has not been well studied. To examine the role of radixin in the expression and function of MRP2 and other MRPs, we chose human gastric carcinoma SGC-7901 cells that express all three ERM proteins rather than hepatocytes, which predominantly express radixin. Radixin stable knockdown SGC-7901 cells, which were constructed by RNAi, exhibited no compensatory up-regulation of ezrin or moesin. The mRNA expression profiles of MRPs in the radixin knockdown cells were primarily evaluated by RT-PCR. Real time quantitative RT-PCR and western blot analysis revealed that the radixin deficiency caused the mRNA and protein expression levels of MRP2 to be reduced by about 50%, respectively. Accordingly, efflux and MTT assays showed that the radixin knockdown cells exhibited lower efflux ability with respect to calcein but no significant change in cell viability. In conclusion, among the MRP1-6 family members, radixin selectively modulates the expression and function of MRP2 in a system co-expressing all three ERM proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jie He
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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57
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Żebrowska M, Jażdżyk M, Sałagacka A, Balcerczak M, Janiuk R, Mirowski M, Balcerczak E. Investigation of ABCB1 1236 and 2677 SNPs in patients with peptic ulcer. Scand J Gastroenterol 2012; 47:22-7. [PMID: 22087845 DOI: 10.3109/00365521.2011.634027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE P-gp, encoded by ABCB1 gene, is an ATP-binding membrane pump, which exports substrates from the cell including drugs and xenobiotics. Changes in the function of P-gp as a result of polymorphism could have an impact in some diseases' risks and treatment outcomes. The aim of the study was to determine the significance of the ABCB1 gene SNPs: 1236 and 2677 for peptic ulcer risk and development of Helicobacter pylori infection in peptic ulcer patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS One hundred and ninety-five biopsy specimens obtained from peptic ulcer patients (investigated group) were genotyped using sequencing for common SNPs of ABCB1: 1236 and 2677. Genotyping data were compared with the results from healthy subjects (control) and with the presence of H. pylori infection, which was estimated by urease test. RESULTS No statistically significant difference in frequency of genotypes and alleles for the SNPs were found between the investigated group and the control. However, in the peptic ulcer patients, mutant TT homozygotes and those who carried at least one allele T for the polymorphisms 1236 and 2677 were observed more frequently than the control group. In the peptic ulcer group, there were no significant dependences between the presence of H. pylori infection and the investigated polymorphisms other than more frequent occurrence of TT 1236 homozygous in the group of infected women (p = 0.0298). CONCLUSIONS The TT genotype and the mutated allele T for the polymorphisms 1236 and 2677 could increase peptic ulcer risk. ABCB1 1236 polymorphism may also be associated with an increased likelihood of H. pylori infection development, especially in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Żebrowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Łódź, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenomics, Łódź, Poland
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Sharma V, Kaul S, Al-Hazzani A, Prabha TS, Rao PPKM, Dadheech S, Jyothy A, Munshi A. Association of C3435T multi drug resistance gene-1 polymorphism with aspirin resistance in ischemic stroke and its subtypes. J Neurol Sci 2011; 315:72-6. [PMID: 22177087 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2011.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2011] [Revised: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aspirin is the most commonly used antiplatelet drug for treatment of a serious vascular event, most notably myocardial infarction and stroke. Significant fraction of aspirin treated patients is resistant to the antiplatelet effects of the drugs. Previous studies have suggested that a genetic basis for aspirin resistance exists. Therefore the present study was taken up to investigate the role of C3435T polymorphism (rs 1045642) of multiple drug resistance-1 (MDR-1) gene with aspirin resistance in stroke patients. Five hundred and sixty ischemic stroke patients and 560 age and sex matched healthy controls were involved in the study. Baseline clinical data were collected and follow-up telephone interviews were conducted with patients at 3, 6 and 12 months post event to determine stroke outcome. Blood samples were collected and genotypes determined. Significant difference was observed in the genotype distribution and allele frequency between patients and controls. The results were confirmed by a step wise multiple logistic regression analysis controlling all other confounding risk factors [adjusted Odds ratio=3.132 (95% CI; 2.043-4.800; p<0.001)]. There was a significant difference in genotype distribution between drug responders and non-responders. The risk of aspirin resistance was significantly high in patients with TT genotype in comparison to those with CC genotype [(TT vs. CC, χ(2)=6.268; p=0.012, Odds ratio=1.85) (95% CI; 1.142-3.017) (adjusted Odds ratio=2.465; 95% CI; 1.895-4.625 and p<0.001)]. As far as the stroke subtypes are concerned TT genotype associated significantly with aspirin resistance in intracranial large artery atherosclerosis. Our results indicate that the risk of aspirin resistance is more in patients with 3435TT genotype than in those with CC genotype. However, this is a preliminary study and a large study of replication is needed to confirm our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Sharma
- Institute of Genetics and Hospital for Genetic Diseases, Osmania University, Begumpet, Hyderabad-500016, India
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Okumura M, Iwakiri T, Takagi A, Hirabara Y, Kawano Y, Arimori K. Hepatocyte growth factor suppresses the anticancer effect of irinotecan by decreasing the level of active metabolite in HepG2 cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2011; 82:1720-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.07.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2011] [Revised: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Epigenetics and chemoresistance in colorectal cancer: an opportunity for treatment tailoring and novel therapeutic strategies. Drug Resist Updat 2011; 14:280-96. [PMID: 21955833 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2011.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Revised: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 08/13/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. Despite many therapeutic opportunities, prognosis remains dismal for patients with metastatic disease, and a significant portion of early-stage patients develop recurrence after chemotherapy. Epigenetic gene regulation is a major mechanism of cancer initiation and progression, through the inactivation of several tumor suppressor genes. Emerging evidence indicates that epigenetics may also play a key role in the development of chemoresistance. In the present review, we summarize epigenetic mechanisms triggering resistance to three commonly used agents in colorectal cancer: 5-fluorouracil, irinotecan and oxaliplatin. Those epigenetic biomarkers may help stratify colorectal cancer patients and develop a tailored therapeutic approach. In addition, epigenetic modifications are reversible through specific drugs: histone-deacetylase and DNA-methyl-transferase inhibitors. Preclinical studies suggest that these drugs may reverse chemoresistance in colorectal tumors. In conclusion, an epigenetic approach to colorectal cancer chemoresistance may pave the way to personalized treatment and to innovative therapeutic strategies.
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Li Q, Peng X, Yang H, Rodriguez JA, Shu Y. Contribution of organic cation transporter 3 to cisplatin cytotoxicity in human cervical cancer cells. J Pharm Sci 2011; 101:394-404. [PMID: 21905038 DOI: 10.1002/jps.22752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Revised: 07/18/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate whether drug transporters play a role in determination of cisplatin resistance in cervical cancer cells. The transcript levels of the transporter genes previously associated with cisplatin transport and/or resistance were compared between the cisplatin-sensitive cervical adenocarcinoma KB-3-1 and its derivative cisplatin-resistant KB-CP20 cells. The expression of the efflux transporter gene multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) was significantly reduced in KB-CP20 cells, in support of previous studies indicating that MRP2 is unlikely responsible for cisplatin resistance in these cells. We observed that the expression of the uptake transporter organic cation transporter 3 (OCT3) was extremely downregulated in KB-CP20 compared with KB-3-1 cells. Consistently, the transport function for organic cations in the former was considerably low. OCT3 overexpression significantly increased cisplatin cellular accumulation and cytotoxicity in KB-3-1 cells, while its downregulation by short hairpin RNA or chemical inhibition increased the resistance. Interestingly, there was no effect of OCT3 overexpression on cisplatin accumulation and cytotoxicity in human embryonic kidney 293 cells. The present study indicates that OCT3 partially contributes to the sensitivity of cervical adenocarcinoma cells to cisplatin cytotoxicity. Further studies are required to determine OCT3 activity in cervical cancer tissues of different cisplatin chemoresponses and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of different OCT3 function in different cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
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Sai K, Saito Y. Ethnic differences in the metabolism, toxicology and efficacy of three anticancer drugs. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2011; 7:967-88. [PMID: 21585235 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2011.585969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Large inter-individual and inter-ethnic differences are observed in efficacies and toxicities of medical drugs. To improve the predictability of these differences, pharmacogenetic information has been applied to clinical situations. Expanding pharmacogenetic information would be a valuable tool to the medical community as well as the patient to fulfill the promise of personalized anticancer drug therapy. AREAS COVERED This review highlights genetic polymorphisms and ethnic differences of genes, UGT1As, CYP3A4, CES1As, ABCB1, ABCC2, ABCG2, SLCO1B1, CDA and CYP2D6, involved in metabolism and disposition of three anticancer drugs: irinotecan, gemcitabine and tamoxifen. EXPERT OPINION Recent pharmacogenetic studies have successfully identified distinct ethnic differences in genetic polymorphisms that are potentially involved in efficacies and toxicities of anticancer drugs. This achievement has led to personalized irinotecan therapy, reflecting ethnic differences in UGT1A1 genotypes, and possible benefits of genetic testing have also been suggested for gemcitabine and tamoxifen therapy, which still requires further validation. The ultimate goal for patients is a high rate or even perfect prediction of efficacies and toxicities of anticancer drugs in each ethnic population. For this challenge, more clinical studies combined with comprehensive omics approaches are necessary to further advance the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimie Sai
- National Institute of Health Sciences , Division of Medicinal Safety Science, Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Crea F, Duhagon Serrat MA, Hurt EM, Thomas SB, Danesi R, Farrar WL. BMI1 silencing enhances docetaxel activity and impairs antioxidant response in prostate cancer. Int J Cancer 2011; 128:1946-54. [PMID: 20568112 PMCID: PMC3265034 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The BMI1 oncogene promotes prostate cancer (PC) progression. High B-cell-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1 (BMI1) expression predicts poor prognosis in PC patients. Recent evidence suggests that BMI1 may also play a role in docetaxel chemoresistance. However, mechanisms and clinical significance of BMI1-related chemoresistance have not been investigated. For this purpose, BMI1 was silenced in 2 PC cell lines (LNCaP and DU 145). Cell proliferation and apoptosis after docetaxel treatment were measured. Guanine oxidation was assessed by in-cell western. Global gene expression analysis was performed on BMI1 silenced cells. Oncomine database was used to compare in vitro data with gene expression in PC samples. BMI1 silencing had no effect on cell proliferation but significantly enhanced docetaxel-induced antitumor activity. Gene expression analysis demonstrated that BMI1 silencing downregulates a set of antioxidant genes. Docetaxel treatment increased guanine oxidation, whereas the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine rescued docetaxel-induced cell death. Examination of clinical datasets revealed a positive correlation of BMI1 and antioxidant gene expression. BMI1-controlled antioxidant genes were predictive of poor prognosis in PC patients. In conclusion, BMI1 enhances antioxidant response, thereby allowing PC survival after docetaxel-based chemotherapy. BMI1-controlled antioxidant genes are overexpressed in aggressive PC and should be tested as predictors of chemotherapy failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Crea
- Cancer Stem Cell Section, Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
- Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria A. Duhagon Serrat
- Cancer Stem Cell Section, Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
- Laboratorio de Interacciones Moleculares-Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Genetica- Facultad de Medicina, UDELAR, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Elaine M Hurt
- Cancer Stem Cell Section, Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Suneetha B. Thomas
- Basic Science Program, SAIC-Frederick Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Romano Danesi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, Pisa Medical School, Pisa, Italy
| | - William L Farrar
- Cancer Stem Cell Section, Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
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Soltysova A, Minarik G, Dzurenkova A, Sufliarska S, Kadasi L, Turna J, Mladosievicova B. APEX microarray panel for genotyping polymorphisms in cancer chemotherapy and estimation frequencies in a Slovak population. Pharmacogenomics 2011; 12:577-92. [DOI: 10.2217/pgs.10.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Many studies focus on monitoring response to chemotherapy, adverse effects and prediction of therapeutic effects, which depend on individual gene variability. The amount of various polymorphisms in genes involved in the folate cycle, and other metabolic pathways involved in the metabolism of chemotherapeutic drugs, are an essential topic of such studies. This work focuses on the design and establishment of a pharmacogenetically relevant panel, which could be applied to the rapid genotyping of patients treated with thiopurines, 5-fluorouracil, methotrexate, irinotecan and glucocorticoids. Materials & methods: A total of 97 variations in 36 genes associated with side effects of chemotherapeutic treatment were selected. Of these, 94 SNPs were genotyped by the arrayed primer extension (APEX; Asper Biotech Ltd) microarray method or direct sequencing. Variations of tandem repeats or gene deletions were genotyped by capillary electrophoresis and PCR detection. A total of 300 DNA samples from healthy volunteers were tested to estimate genotype frequencies for a Slovak population. All data were checked for Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium and genetic linkage between variations. Results: We designed an APEX microarray for genotyping pharmacologically relevant polymorphisms in patients undergoing chemotherapy. We estimated genotype frequencies for all 97 polymorphisms testing 300 individuals from the Slovak population, which may also serve as an estimate of central European frequencies. These data also allowed for the testing of genetic linkage between loci. Many of the determined genotype frequencies in this study were in similar ranges found in other European populations but four SNPs, rs11760837 (p = 0.018), rs1801265 (p = 0.0375), rs1801394 (p = 0.0066) and rs182455 (p = 0.0083), demonstrated stronger deviation. Conclusion: Genetic variability in genes involved in metabolic pathways of chemotherapeutic drugs, such as methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, thiopurines or irinotecan, is responsible for individual therapy response and development of side effects. A comprehensive approach in genotyping of numerous variants is aimed to improve individual access to patients and the selection of appropriate drugs for treatment. The APEX microarray method is a valuable tool for fast, reliable and cost-effective genotyping of variants which can be used for the typing of known variants in patients prior to treatment as well as in studies searching for new genotype–phenotype associations. The opportunity of adding additional variants during the study makes the APEX microarray technology flexible and suitable for such trials. Original submitted 4 October 2010; Revision submitted 23 November 2010.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriel Minarik
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, 842 15 Bratislava 4, Slovakia
| | - Alica Dzurenkova
- Institute of Pathological Physiology, School of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Sabina Sufliarska
- Institute of Pathological Physiology, School of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ludevit Kadasi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, 842 15 Bratislava 4, Slovakia
| | - Jan Turna
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, 842 15 Bratislava 4, Slovakia
| | - Beata Mladosievicova
- Institute of Pathological Physiology, School of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Pasquier J, Magal P, Boulangé-Lecomte C, Webb G, Le Foll F. Consequences of cell-to-cell P-glycoprotein transfer on acquired multidrug resistance in breast cancer: a cell population dynamics model. Biol Direct 2011; 6:5. [PMID: 21269489 PMCID: PMC3038988 DOI: 10.1186/1745-6150-6-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2010] [Accepted: 01/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is a proliferation disease affecting a genetically unstable cell population, in which molecular alterations can be somatically inherited by genetic, epigenetic or extragenetic transmission processes, leading to a cooperation of neoplastic cells within tumoural tissue. The efflux protein P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is overexpressed in many cancer cells and has known capacity to confer multidrug resistance to cytotoxic therapies. Recently, cell-to-cell P-gp transfers have been shown. Herein, we combine experimental evidence and a mathematical model to examine the consequences of an intercellular P-gp trafficking in the extragenetic transfer of multidrug resistance from resistant to sensitive cell subpopulations. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We report cell-to-cell transfers of functional P-gp in co-cultures of a P-gp overexpressing human breast cancer MCF-7 cell variant, selected for its resistance towards doxorubicin, with the parental sensitive cell line. We found that P-gp as well as efflux activity distribution are progressively reorganized over time in co-cultures analyzed by flow cytometry. A mathematical model based on a Boltzmann type integro-partial differential equation structured by a continuum variable corresponding to P-gp activity describes the cell populations in co-culture. The mathematical model elucidates the population elements in the experimental data, specifically, the initial proportions, the proliferative growth rates, and the transfer rates of P-gp in the sensitive and resistant subpopulations. CONCLUSIONS We confirmed cell-to-cell transfer of functional P-gp. The transfer process depends on the gradient of P-gp expression in the donor-recipient cell interactions, as they evolve over time. Extragenetically acquired drug resistance is an additional aptitude of neoplastic cells which has implications in the diagnostic value of P-gp expression and in the design of chemotherapy regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Pasquier
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology UPRES EA 3222, University of Le Havre, Le Havre cedex, France
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Abstract
Irinotecan is a camptothecin analog used as an anticancer drug. Severe, potentially life-threatening toxicities can occur from irinotecan treatment. Although multiple genes may play a role in irinotecan activity, the majority of evidence to date suggests that variation in expression of UGT1A1 caused by a common promoter polymorphism (UGT1A1*28) is strongly associated with toxicity; however, this link is dose dependent. Variations in other pharmacokinetic genes, particularly the transporter ABCC2, also contribute to irinotecan toxicity. In addition, recent studies have shown that pharmacodynamic genes such as TDP1 and XRCC1 can also play a role in both toxicity and response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Marsh
- UNC Institute for Pharmacogenomics & Individualized Therapy, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Sipeky C, Csongei V, Jaromi L, Safrany E, Maasz A, Takacs I, Beres J, Fodor L, Szabo M, Melegh B. Genetic Variability and Haplotype Profile of MDR1 (ABCB1) in Roma and Hungarian Population Samples with a Review of the Literature. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2011; 26:206-15. [DOI: 10.2133/dmpk.dmpk-10-sc-068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Chua W, Kho PS, Moore MM, Charles KA, Clarke SJ. Clinical, laboratory and molecular factors predicting chemotherapy efficacy and toxicity in colorectal cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2010; 79:224-50. [PMID: 20719530 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2010.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2010] [Revised: 07/05/2010] [Accepted: 07/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment has evolved significantly over the last ten years with the use of active chemotherapeutic agents including fluoropyrimidines, oxaliplatin and irinotecan plus targeted monoclonal antibodies bevacizumab, cetuximab and panitumumab. The addition of newer chemotherapeutic agents and targeted therapies has improved patient outcomes at the cost of increased toxicity with not all patients benefiting from these treatments. It is necessary for clinicians to more accurately predict clinical outcomes particularly in the predominantly elderly CRC patient population. This review aims to summarise existing data regarding the use of clinical and laboratory variables plus molecular markers in predicting response, survival and toxicity to chemotherapy agents and targeted monoclonal antibodies currently used in the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chua
- Sydney Cancer Centre, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Hospital Road, Concord, NSW 2139, Australia
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[Recent developments of pharmacogenomics in the treatment of colorectal cancers]. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2010; 68:233-53. [PMID: 20637356 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2010.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2010] [Revised: 04/16/2010] [Accepted: 04/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CCR), which is one of the most common causes of cancer, has benefited from the major advances in the understanding of the intracellular signaling pathways implicated in the initiation, growing and local and metastasis dissemination of tumor, which have occurred during the 20 past years. The pharmacogenomics approach, especially the determination of the genetic polymorphisms, tries to find prognosis and predictive biomarkers permitting to identify patients who could benefit from a particular treatment or those exhibiting higher risks of toxicity. Among the numerous biomarkers, which have been studied, few are currently in use in clinical practice. The phenotyping of DPD and UGT1A1 activities, and to a lesser extent, its genotyping, appears as the most useful tool in terms of prediction of toxicities induced by two major drugs: 5-FU and irinotecan. For oxaliplatin, the determination of the polymorphisms of reparases and detoxification systems such as GSTpi seems interesting, but its exact place should be more defined. It is in the field of targeted therapies that the pharmacogenomics approach seems to be the more relevant. KRAS mutation is a dramatic example of single nucleotide polymorphism, which is able to identify a priori patients that could receive or not an anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody such as cetuximab or panitumumab. It is obvious that pre-clinical identification of molecular biomarkers predictive of the sensitivity of the drug targets, which subsequently implicate the selection of patients and the rational evaluation of responses, will be the cornerstone of any clinical trials concerning targeted therapies. Besides the determination of drug target polymorphisms, it is also important to consider those related to the distribution and metabolism. In this area, the determination of enzymatic activities should recover its place besides the genomic profiling.
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Longo R, D'Andrea M, Sarmiento R, Gasparini G. Pharmacogenetics in breast cancer: focus on hormone therapy, taxanes, trastuzumab and bevacizumab. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2010; 19 Suppl 1:S41-50. [PMID: 20374029 DOI: 10.1517/13543781003732701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common female cancer, with more than one million new patients diagnosed annually worldwide. The great heterogeneity, in terms of prognosis and outcome, within patients with the same clinical and pathological characteristics may limit the potential for personalized therapy. Most of the cytotoxic agents and new targeted agents have a narrow therapeutic index and the administration of an equal dose may result in a wide range of toxicities as well as to different antitumor efficacy. Inter-subject variability in drug toxicity and response is common during treatment, so that individualization of treatments is an important issue. Pharmacogenetics is the study of how inter-individual variations in the DNA sequence of specific genes may affect drug response and toxicity. This article highlights the clinical use of determination of polymorphisms of important human drug-metabolizing cytochrome P450s, ABCB1, IgG fragment C receptors and vascular endothelial growth factor, which are responsible of the large inter-individual variability in drug metabolism and clearance of the agents commonly used in breast cancer treatment, such as tamoxifen, aromatase inhibitors, taxanes, trastuzumab and bevacizumab.
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Dunne G, Breen L, Collins DM, Roche S, Clynes M, O’Connor R. Modulation of P-gp expression by lapatinib. Invest New Drugs 2010; 29:1284-93. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-010-9482-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2010] [Accepted: 06/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Hawwa AF, McKiernan PJ, Shields M, Millership JS, Collier PS, McElnay JC. Influence of ABCB1 polymorphisms and haplotypes on tacrolimus nephrotoxicity and dosage requirements in children with liver transplant. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2010; 68:413-21. [PMID: 19740399 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2009.03461.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of genetic polymorphisms in ABCB1 on the incidence of nephrotoxicity and tacrolimus dosage-requirements in paediatric patients following liver transplantation. METHODS Fifty-one paediatric liver transplant recipients receiving tacrolimus were genotyped for ABCB1 C1236>T, G2677>T and C3435>T polymorphisms. Dose-adjusted tacrolimus trough concentrations and estimated glomerular filtration rates (EGFR) indicative of renal toxicity were determined and correlated with the corresponding genotypes. RESULTS The present study revealed a higher incidence of the ABCB1 variant-alleles examined among patients with renal dysfunction (> or =30% reduction in EGFR) at 6 months post-transplantation (1236T allele: 63.3% vs 37.5% in controls, P= 0.019; 2677T allele: 63.3% vs. 35.9%, p = 0.012; 3435T allele: 60% vs. 39.1%, P= 0.057). Carriers of the G2677->T variant allele also had a significant reduction (%) in EGFR at 12 months post-transplant (mean difference = 22.6%; P= 0.031). Haplotype analysis showed a significant association between T-T-T haplotypes and an increased incidence of nephrotoxicity at 6 months post-transplantation (haplotype-frequency = 52.9% in nephrotoxic patients vs 29.4% in controls; P= 0.029). Furthermore, G2677->T and C3435->T polymorphisms and T-T-T haplotypes were significantly correlated with higher tacrolimus dose-adjusted pre-dose concentrations at various time points examined long after drug initiation. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that ABCB1 polymorphisms in the native intestine significantly influence tacrolimus dosage-requirement in the stable phase after transplantation. In addition, ABCB1 polymorphisms in paediatric liver transplant recipients may predispose them to nephrotoxicity over the first year post-transplantation. Genotyping future transplant recipients for ABCB1 polymorphisms, therefore, could have the potential to individualize better tacrolimus immunosuppressive therapy and enhance drug safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed F Hawwa
- Clinical and Practice Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, BT97BL Belfast, UK
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyse the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs): ABCB1(1236C>T), ABCB1(2677G>T/A), ABCB1(3435C>T) and haplotypes in the ABCB1/MDR1 gene, which could contribute to genetic risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Disease association between the ABCB1/MDR1 genotype, allele, haplotype frequencies and histological features, such as TNM classification, localization of primary carcinoma, grade of malignancy, histological type of tumour, lymphoid infiltration and vessel invasion were estimated. In this study, the potential role of SNPs of the ABCB1/MDR1 gene as a prognostic marker for CRC was analysed. MATERIALS AND METHODS Tumour specimens of 95 patients with CRC were studied. Using automated sequencing or PCR-RFLP method, DNA for three common SNPs of ABCB1/MDR1 was extracted and analysed. The results of genotyping and haplotype analysis with histopathological features, grading and clinical staging of neoplasms were correlated. RESULTS A statistically significant higher frequency of T(1236) allele in T1/T2 (89.7%), M0 groups (81.6%) and I/II clinical staging (82.7%) in comparison with T3/T4 (68.2%), M1 groups (47.4%) and III/IV clinical staging (65.1%) was detected. Furthermore, multivariate analysis according to Cox's proportional hazard model indicated that the T(1236) allele is a good, independent prognostic factor and the presence of this allele decreases the risk of death in comparison with a group without this allele (HR = 0.26; p = 0.0424). In addition, a statistically significant higher frequency of C(3435) allele and significant differences in the C(3435) allele distribution in N1/N2 group (91.7% and 62.5%, respectively) than N0 group (71.2% and 44.9%, respectively) was found. Each of the eight possible haplotypes was noted in M0 or I/II group and only seven in M1 or III/IV group. Haplotype T(1236)-G(2677)-C(3435) only in less advanced CRC subjects (9.6% in I/II and 9.2% in M0 group) was detected. In addition, significant differences in haplotype distributions between M0 or I/II and M1 or III/IV group were found (p = 0.01 and p = 0.05, respectively). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest association between T(1236) allele and T(1236)-G(2677)-C(3435) haplotype and less advanced CRC, so these genetic markers may play a role as potentially good prognostic factors. Differences in haplotype distributions and degree of clinical staging may suggest that some other potential SNPs, especially in regulatory region of ABCB1/MDR1 gene, may influence P-glycoprotein function and CRC progression.
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Crea F, Danesi R, Farrar WL. Cancer stem cell epigenetics and chemoresistance. Epigenomics 2009; 1:63-79. [DOI: 10.2217/epi.09.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are thought to sustain cancer progression, metastasis and recurrence after therapy. There is in vitro and in vivo evidence supporting the idea that CSCs are highly chemoresistant. Epigenetic gene regulation is crucial for both stem cell biology and chemoresistance. In this review, we summarize current data on epigenetic mechanisms of chemoresistance in cancer stem cells. We propose a model integrating classical CSC pathways (Wnt, Hedgehog and Notch), epigenetic effectors (Polycomb) and drug resistance genes (ABCG2, CD44). Moreover, we analyze the potential of epigenetic drugs to reverse CSC chemoresistance. In the future, CSC epigenomic profiling could help to dissect specific chemoresistance pathways, and have a significant clinical impact for patient stratification and rational design of therapeutic regimens.
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Sai K, Saito Y, Maekawa K, Kim SR, Kaniwa N, Nishimaki-Mogami T, Sawada JI, Shirao K, Hamaguchi T, Yamamoto N, Kunitoh H, Ohe Y, Yamada Y, Tamura T, Yoshida T, Matsumura Y, Ohtsu A, Saijo N, Minami H. Additive effects of drug transporter genetic polymorphisms on irinotecan pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics in Japanese cancer patients. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2009; 66:95-105. [PMID: 19771428 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-009-1138-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2009] [Accepted: 09/08/2009] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Effects of genetic polymorphisms/variations of ABCB1, ABCC2, ABCG2 and SLCO1B1 in addition to "UGT1A1*28 or *6" on irinotecan pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics in Japanese cancer patients were investigated. METHODS Associations between transporter haplotypes/variations along with UGT1A1*28 or *6 and SN-38 area under the time-concentration curve (AUC) or neutropenia were examined in irinotecan monotherapy (55 patients) and irinotecan-cisplatin-combination therapy (62 patients). RESULTS Higher SN-38 AUC values were observed in ABCB1 2677G>T (A893S) (*2 group) for both regimens. Associations of grade 3/4 neutropenia were observed with ABCC2 -1774delG (*1A), ABCG2 421C>A (Q141K) and IVS12 + 49G>T ((#) IIB) and SLCO1B1 521T>C (V174A) (*15 x 17) in the irinotecan monotherapy, while they were evident only in homozygotes of ABCB1*2, ABCG2 (#) IIB, SLCO1B1*15 x 17 in the cisplatin-combination therapy. With combinations of haplotypes/variations of two or more genes, neutropenia incidence increased, but their prediction power for grade 3/4 neutropenia is still unsatisfactory. CONCLUSIONS Certain transporter genotypes additively increased irinotecan-induced neutropenia, but their clinical importance should be further elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimie Sai
- Division of Functional Biochemistry and Genomics, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan.
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Koopman M, Venderbosch S, Nagtegaal ID, van Krieken JH, Punt CJ. A review on the use of molecular markers of cytotoxic therapy for colorectal cancer, what have we learned? Eur J Cancer 2009; 45:1935-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2009.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2009] [Accepted: 04/20/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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77
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Bossa F, Colombo E, Andriulli A, Annese V. Treatment of steroid-naive ulcerative colitis. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2009; 10:1449-60. [DOI: 10.1517/14656560902973728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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78
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Dai CL, Liang YJ, Chen LM, Zhang X, Deng WJ, Su XD, Shi Z, Wu CP, Ashby CR, Akiyama SI, Ambudkar SV, Chen ZS, Fu LW. Sensitization of ABCB1 overexpressing cells to chemotherapeutic agents by FG020326 via binding to ABCB1 and inhibiting its function. Biochem Pharmacol 2009; 78:355-64. [PMID: 19410561 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2009.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2009] [Revised: 04/22/2009] [Accepted: 04/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The effectiveness of chemotherapeutic treatment is usually limited by the overexpression of adenosine triphosphate binding cassette (ABC) transporters, which mediate multidrug resistance (MDR) by acting as efflux pumps to remove chemotherapeutic agents from MDR cancer cells. Thus, the inhibition of ABC transporters may represent a promising strategy to reverse MDR. This study was to characterize the actions of FG020326, a newly synthesized triaryl-substituted imidazole derivative, to reverse MDR in vitro and in vivo. FG020326 significantly potentiated the cytotoxicity of paclitaxel, doxorubicin, and vincristine in the ABCB1 (P-glycoprotein, P-gp) overexpressing cells KBv200 and MCF-7/adr, but not in the ABCB1 negative parental cell lines KB and MCF-7. However, FG020326 did not alter the cytotoxicity of the aforementioned drugs in ABCC1 (MRP1), ABCC4 (MRP4), ABCG2 (BCRP) and LRP overexpressing cell lines, KB-CV60, NIH3T3/MRP4-2, S1-M1-80 and SW1573/2R120, respectively. FG020326, following p.o. administration, was present in concentrations sufficient for reversal of MDR in mice. The co-administration of FG020326 with paclitaxel or vincristine significantly enhanced the antitumor activity of these drugs without significantly increasing toxicity in the mice bearing the KBv200 cell xenografts. In addition, FG020326, at concentrations that reversed MDR, did not significantly affect the activity of CYP3A4 or alter the pharmacokinetic profile of paclitaxel after co-administration with paclitaxel. FG020326 produced a significant concentration-dependent displacement of [3H]azidopine and inhibition of efflux of drug from cells. Furthermore, FG020326 was co-localized with ABCB1 in cell membranes. Hence, FG020326 is characterized as a third generation MDR modulator that holds great promise for the treatment of cancer patients with ABCB1-mediated MDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-ling Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
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Danesi R, Altavilla G, Giovannetti E, Rosell R. Pharmacogenomics of gemcitabine in non-small-cell lung cancer and other solid tumors. Pharmacogenomics 2009; 10:69-80. [PMID: 19102717 DOI: 10.2217/14622416.10.1.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The validation of predictive biomarkers to tailor chemotherapy is a key issue in the development of effective treatment modalities against cancer. Examples of how genetics might affect drug response are offered by gemcitabine. A substantial number of potential biomarkers for sensitivity or resistance to gemcitabine have been proposed, including ribonucleotide reductase and cytidine deaminase polymorphisms, human equilibrative transporter-1 and ribonucleotide reductase gene-expression and AKT phosphorylation status. These markers displayed a significant relationship with disease response to the drug; however, their robustness needs to be evaluated within prospective studies. Moreover, recent trials of customized chemotherapy based on genetic markers have been carried out in non-small-cell lung cancer and promising pharmacogenetic determinants are gaining momentum, including BRCA1 and ERCC1. Hopefully, biomarkers to select patients most likely to respond to gemcitabine will be validated in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romano Danesi
- Division of Pharmacology & Chemotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
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80
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Abstract
The ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2 (BCRP, MXR and ABCP) is highly expressed in the gastrointestinal tract and liver, and governs absorption, distribution and excretion of a wide variety of clinically important drugs. Common germline polymorphisms in the ABCG2 gene have been described that can affect expression, cellular localization and/or substrate recognition of the encoded protein. Alteration of transporter function by either of these mechanisms contributes significantly to interindividual variability in drug disposition and treatment outcome with certain, but not all, substrates for ABCG2.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Cusatis
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Hembruff SL, Laberge ML, Villeneuve DJ, Guo B, Veitch Z, Cecchetto M, Parissenti AM. Role of drug transporters and drug accumulation in the temporal acquisition of drug resistance. BMC Cancer 2008; 8:318. [PMID: 18980695 PMCID: PMC2596802 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-8-318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2008] [Accepted: 11/03/2008] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Anthracyclines and taxanes are commonly used in the treatment of breast cancer. However, tumor resistance to these drugs often develops, possibly due to overexpression of drug transporters. It remains unclear whether drug resistance in vitro occurs at clinically relevant doses of chemotherapy drugs and whether both the onset and magnitude of drug resistance can be temporally and causally correlated with the enhanced expression and activity of specific drug transporters. To address these issues, MCF-7 cells were selected for survival in increasing concentrations of doxorubicin (MCF-7DOX-2), epirubicin (MCF-7EPI), paclitaxel (MCF-7TAX-2), or docetaxel (MCF-7TXT). During selection cells were assessed for drug sensitivity, drug uptake, and the expression of various drug transporters. Results In all cases, resistance was only achieved when selection reached a specific threshold dose, which was well within the clinical range. A reduction in drug uptake was temporally correlated with the acquisition of drug resistance for all cell lines, but further increases in drug resistance at doses above threshold were unrelated to changes in cellular drug uptake. Elevated expression of one or more drug transporters was seen at or above the threshold dose, but the identity, number, and temporal pattern of drug transporter induction varied with the drug used as selection agent. The pan drug transporter inhibitor cyclosporin A was able to partially or completely restore drug accumulation in the drug-resistant cell lines, but had only partial to no effect on drug sensitivity. The inability of cyclosporin A to restore drug sensitivity suggests the presence of additional mechanisms of drug resistance. Conclusion This study indicates that drug resistance is achieved in breast tumour cells only upon exposure to concentrations of drug at or above a specific selection dose. While changes in drug accumulation and the expression of drug transporters does occur at the threshold dose, the magnitude of resistance cannot be attributed solely to changes in drug accumulation or the activity of drug transporters. The identities of these additional drug-transporter-independent mechanisms are discussed, including their likely clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey L Hembruff
- Regional Cancer Program, Sudbury Regional Hospital, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON Canada.
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82
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Induction of multidrug resistance proteins in lymphocytes from patients with arthritic disorders. Clin Exp Med 2008; 8:229-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s10238-008-0008-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2008] [Accepted: 06/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Morán González D, Jiménez Cabrera S, Domínguez-Gil Hurlé A. [Pharmacogenetics in oncology]. Med Clin (Barc) 2008; 131:184-95. [PMID: 18674490 DOI: 10.1157/13124283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacogenetics studies the relationship between genetic polymorphisms and individual responses to drugs. In recent years, there has been a great progress in our knowledge of the effects of drug-metabolizing enzymes and molecular target genetic polymorfisms on cancer chemotherapy. Pharmacogenetics focuses on the prediction of drug efficacy and toxicity based on a patient's genetic profile with routinely applicable genetic tests to select the most appropriate medication at optimal doses for each individual patient. Two years ago the FDA approved one genetic test to detect patients with increased risk of severe toxicity associated with irinotecan therapy. There have also been commercialized genetic chips to genotyping two cytochrome P450 enzymes at the same time. Prospectively, stratifying patients based on genotype may identify subpopulations likely to experience severe toxicity or to derive benefit from a particular treatment strategy, helping us move toward the ultimate goal of individualized therapy. In this review, we describe the clinical effects of polymorphisms that may influence cancer chemotherapy.
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84
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the affinity of docetaxel for 14 transporter proteins and assess the functional significance of 17 variants in five genes involved in drug elimination. Among the transfected models investigated, OATP1B3 (SLCO1B3) was identified as the most efficient influx transporter for docetaxel. None of the observed genotypes (SLCO1B3, ABCB1, and ABCC2) was related with docetaxel clearance in 92 white patients (P > 0.17). However, the simultaneous presence of the CYP3A4*1B and CYP3A5*1A alleles was associated with a 64% increase in docetaxel clearance (P = 0.0015), independent of both sex and CYP3A activity (as determined using the erythromycin breath test). This haplotype was also associated with increased midazolam clearance in another population (P = 0.0198). An analysis of the CYP3A locus among CEPH-HapMap samples revealed that CYP3A4*1B is present exclusively among a subset of CYP3A5 expressors. Therefore, future studies should first stratify the population on the basis of CYP3A5 genotype and then compare CYP3A activity between individuals with and without the CYP3A4*1B allele.
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85
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Impact, mechanisms, and novel chemotherapy strategies for overcoming resistance to anthracyclines and taxanes in metastatic breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2008; 114:195-201. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-008-0005-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2008] [Accepted: 04/02/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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SAI K, SAWADA JI, MINAMI H. Irinotecan Pharmacogenetics in Japanese Cancer Patients: Roles of UGT1A1*6 and *28. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2008; 128:575-84. [DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.128.575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kimie SAI
- Division of Functional Biochemistry and Genomics, National Institute of Health Sciences
| | - Jun-ichi SAWADA
- Division of Functional Biochemistry and Genomics, National Institute of Health Sciences
| | - Hironobu MINAMI
- Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kobe University Hospital and Graduate School of Medicine
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87
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88
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Bandrés E, Zárate R, Ramirez N, Abajo A, Bitarte N, García-Foncillas J. Pharmacogenomics in colorectal cancer: The first step for individualized-therapy. World J Gastroenterol 2007; 13:5888-901. [PMID: 17990354 PMCID: PMC4205435 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v13.i44.5888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Interindividual differences in the toxicity and response to anticancer therapies are currently observed in practically all available treatment regimens. A goal of cancer therapy is to predict patient response and toxicity to drugs in order to facilitate the individualization of patient treatment. Identification of subgroups of patients that differ in their prognosis and response to treatment could help to identify the best available drug therapy according the genetic profile. Several mechanisms have been suggested to contribute to chemo-therapeutic drug resistance: amplification or overexpression of membrane transporters, changes in cellular proteins involved in detoxification or in DNA repair, apoptosis and activation of oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is regarded as intrinsically resistant to chemotherapy. Several molecular markers predictive of CRC therapy have been included during the last decade but their results in different studies complicate their application in practical clinical. The simultaneous testing of multiple markers predictive of response could help to identify more accurately the true role of these polymorphisms in CRC therapy. This review analyzes the role of genetic variants in genes involved in the action mechanisms of the drugs used at present in colorectal cancer.
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89
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Liu L, Sun H, Valji WY, Pang KS. Transporters, enzymes, and enalapril removal in a rat (CC531-induced) liver metastatic model. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2007; 293:G1078-88. [PMID: 17855765 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00350.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Temporal changes in physiological spaces, protein expression of transporters and enzymes, and enalapril removal were appraised in the metastatic liver tumor model developed from male Wag/Rij rats after the intraportal injection of CC531 colon adenocarcinoma cells; sham-operated preparations received PBS. Liver tissue spaces, investigated with multiple indicator dilution technique in liver perfusion studies, were unchanged at week 3 after tumor induction. At week 4, however, the sinusoidal blood volume and albumin Disse space in tumor-bearing livers were slightly lower compared with those of shams. Increased levels of the canalicular ATP transporters, P-glycoprotein, multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (Mrp2), and bile salt export pump (Bsep) at week 2 (P < 0.05), unchanged levels of Ntcp, Oatp1a1, Oatp1a4, and Mct2, but decreased levels of cytochrome P450 3a2 (Cyp3a2) and glutathione S-transferase (Gst4-4) at week 4 (P < 0.05) were observed in peritumor vs. sham-operated liver tissues with Western blotting. The steady-state extraction ratio of enalapril, a substrate that enters the liver rapidly via Oatp1a1 and primarily undergoes metabolism by the carboxylesterases, was unaffected by liver metastasis at week 4 regardless of its delivery via the portal vein or hepatic artery into the perfused liver preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichuan Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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90
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Rutigliano DN, Meyers P, Ghossein RA, Carlson DL, Kayton ML, Kraus D, La Quaglia MP. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma as a secondary malignancy in pediatric sarcoma. J Pediatr Surg 2007; 42:E9-13. [PMID: 17618873 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2007.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Children diagnosed with osteosarcoma (OS) and Ewing sarcoma (ES) have greatly benefited from the addition of alkylator therapy. However, with greater numbers of long-term survivors, the rising incidence of secondary malignant neoplasms (SMNs) is concerning. Herein we report on 2 patients with sarcoma who developed a case of secondary mucoepidermoid carcinoma after chemotherapy treatment without associated radiation therapy. To our knowledge, this is the first series of mucoepidermoid carcinomas arising in pediatric patients treated for sarcoma without radiotherapy. METHODS Long-term survivors of OS and ES currently undergoing routine follow-up care were reviewed and noted for the development of a new secondary malignancy. Details of their initial evaluation, previous therapies, resection techniques, pathologic findings, and follow-up compose this report. RESULTS Two patients, a 17-year-old adolescent boy with OS and 16-year-old adolescent girl with ES, with secondary mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the parotid gland were identified. Both patients underwent primary resection and chemotherapy including alkylating agents, but neither received radiation. The mucoepidermoid carcinomas developed 27 months and 132 months after completion of therapy, respectively, and were noted on routine yearly follow-up. Fine-needle aspiration was nondiagnostic on each, and parotidectomy with preservation of the facial nerve was performed. Pathology revealed low-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma with tumor extending to the deep margins for both lesions, and radiotherapy to the parotid bed was administered. There were no surgical complications. One patient is alive, without evidence of recurrent mucoepidermoid carcinoma after 4 years; the other recently completed radiotherapy and is disease-free after 12 months. CONCLUSION Primary mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the parotid gland accounts for less than 10% of all head and neck tumors in childhood. Previous series of secondary mucoepidermoid carcinoma have demonstrated an increased risk in patients with leukemia/lymphoma. This is the first reported series of parotid mucoepidermoid carcinomas occurring after sarcoma treatment without radiotherapy. A common link between the 2 patients may be the use of alkylating therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel N Rutigliano
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
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91
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Roohparvar R, Huser A, Zwiers LH, De Waard MA. Control of Mycosphaerella graminicola on wheat seedlings by medical drugs known to modulate the activity of ATP-binding cassette transporters. Appl Environ Microbiol 2007; 73:5011-9. [PMID: 17545327 PMCID: PMC1951022 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00285-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Medical drugs known to modulate the activity of human ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter proteins (modulators) were tested for the ability to potentiate the activity of the azole fungicide cyproconazole against in vitro growth of Mycosphaerella graminicola and to control disease development due to this pathogen on wheat seedlings. In vitro modulation of cyproconazole activity could be demonstrated in paper disk bioassays. Some of the active modulators (amitriptyline, flavanone, and phenothiazines) increased the accumulation of cyproconazole in M. graminicola, suggesting that they reversed cyproconazole efflux. However, synergism between cyproconazole and modulators against M. graminicola on wheat seedlings could not be shown. Despite their low in vitro toxicity to M. graminicola, some modulators (amitriptyline, loperamide, and promazine) did show significant intrinsic disease control activity in preventive and curative foliar spray tests with wheat seedlings. The results suggest that these compounds have indirect disease control activity based on modulation of fungal ABC transporters essential for virulence and constitute a new class of disease control agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Roohparvar
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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92
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Teh LK, Lee WL, Amir J, Salleh MZ, Ismail R. Single step PCR for detection of allelic variation of MDR1 gene (P-glycoprotein) among three ethnic groups in Malaysia. J Clin Pharm Ther 2007; 32:313-9. [PMID: 17489883 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2710.2007.00822.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND P-glycoprotein (PgP) is the most extensively studied ATP-binding cassette (ABC) coded by MDR1 gene. To date, 29 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been identified; but only SNP C3435T has been correlated with intestinal PgP expression levels and shown to influence the absorption of orally taken drugs that are PgP substrates. Individuals homozygous for the T allele have more than fourfold lower PgP expression compared with C/C individuals. We developed a one step primer based allele specific PCR method to detect SNP at C3435T to investigate the distribution of this genotype in the local population. METHOD DNA was extracted from 5 mL of whole blood using standard salting-out method. Primers were designed specific to 3' end which amplify the variants of C3435T. The method was validated by direct DNA sequencing. Seven hundred and sixty-three healthy blood donors comprising of three major ethnic groups in Malaysia were recruited and DNA subjected to genotyping of C3435T using this method. RESULT The method was found to be robust and reproducible in detecting SNP of C3435T. Interethnic variations in genotype and allele frequency were observed in PgP among the ethnic groups. In comparison to both the Caucasians and the other Asian countries, the Malay and Chinese showed a higher frequency of allele C (50-60%); while the Indian exhibits a lower frequency (40%), similar to other Indian populations. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Using a new simple method to investigate the distribution of C3435T, we found that the allele frequency of MDR1 showed variablity between the different ethnic groups within the Malaysian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- L K Teh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 41050 Shah Alam, Malaysia.
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93
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Kim HS, Sunwoo YE, Ryu JY, Kang HJ, Jung HE, Song IS, Kim EY, Shim JC, Shon JH, Shin JG. The effect of ABCG2 V12M, Q141K and Q126X, known functional variants in vitro, on the disposition of lamivudine. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2007; 64:645-54. [PMID: 17509035 PMCID: PMC2203270 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2007.02944.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the effects of three ABCG2 variants (Q141K, V12M and Q126X), which are known to have altered transport properties in vitro, on the disposition of lamivudine in healthy subjects. METHODS To evaluate whether lamivudine is a substrate of ABCG2, intracellular accumulation and vectorial transport of 3H-lamivudine were determined in MDCK-ABCG2 cells. The pharmacokinetic parameters of lamivudine were compared among subjects with four different ABCG2 genotypes, including wild type (seven subjects), K141/K141 (six subjects), Q126/Stop126 (four subjects) and M12/M12 (five subjects) after a single oral dose of 100 mg lamivudine. RESULTS The intracellular accumulation of lamivudine in MDCK-ABCG2 cells was significantly lower than that in MDCK-mock cells, but fumitremorgin C reversed the intracellular lamivudine concentration to that of MDCK-mock cells. The ABCG2-mediated transport of lamivudine was saturable and the values of Km and Vmax were 216.5 +/- 58 microm and 20.42 +/- 2.9 nmol h(-1) per 10(6) cells, respectively. After lamivudine administration to healthy subjects, the AUC of lamivudine showed no difference among subjects with different ABCG2 genotypes; 2480 +/- 502, 2207 +/- 1019, 2422 +/- 239, 2552 +/- 698 ng h(-1) ml(-1) for wild type, K141/K141, Q126/Stop126 and M12/M12 genotype, respectively (P = 0.85). The estimated 95% confidence intervals for the mean difference between K141/K141, Q126/Stop126, M12/M12 and wild as reference were (-1053, 507), (-555, 439) and (-552, 696), respectively. No other pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated to be significantly different among four different ABCG2 genotypes tested. CONCLUSIONS Lamivudine appeared to be a substrate of ABCG2 in vitro, but the disposition of lamivudine was not significantly influenced by known in vitro functional variants of ABCG2, Q141K, V12M and Q126X in healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Sook Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics Research Centre, Inje University College of MedicineBusan, Korea
| | - Yu Eun Sunwoo
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics Research Centre, Inje University College of MedicineBusan, Korea
| | - Ji Young Ryu
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics Research Centre, Inje University College of MedicineBusan, Korea
| | - Ho-Jin Kang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics Research Centre, Inje University College of MedicineBusan, Korea
| | - Hye-Eun Jung
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics Research Centre, Inje University College of MedicineBusan, Korea
| | - Im-Sook Song
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics Research Centre, Inje University College of MedicineBusan, Korea
| | - Eun-Young Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics Research Centre, Inje University College of MedicineBusan, Korea
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Inje University Busan Paik HosptialBusan, Korea
| | - Joo-Cheol Shim
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics Research Centre, Inje University College of MedicineBusan, Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University Busan Paik HosptialBusan, Korea
| | - Ji-Hong Shon
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics Research Centre, Inje University College of MedicineBusan, Korea
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Inje University Busan Paik HosptialBusan, Korea
| | - Jae-Gook Shin
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics Research Centre, Inje University College of MedicineBusan, Korea
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Inje University Busan Paik HosptialBusan, Korea
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de Cremoux P, Jourdan-Da-Silva N, Couturier J, Tran-Perennou C, Schleiermacher G, Fehlbaum P, Doz F, Mosseri V, Delattre O, Klijanienko J, Vielh P, Michon J. Role of chemotherapy resistance genes in outcome of neuroblastoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2007; 48:311-7. [PMID: 16609945 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.20853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroblastoma is a heterogeneous pediatric disease. Most patients with localized disease usually have a favorable prognosis, but patients with advanced disease have a poor prognosis despite combination chemotherapy. Treatment failure may be attributable to resistance to cytotoxic drugs. PROCEDURE Using quantitative RT-PCR, we investigated the clinical significance of the level of mRNA expression of multidrug resistance genes (MDR1, MRP1, MRP5, LRP) in a series of 29 advanced neuroblastoma samples. RESULTS At the end of induction chemotherapy, 48% of patients achieved a clinical complete response, 28% achieved a partial response or stable disease, and 24% presented progressive disease. MDR1 mRNA overexpression (i.e., mRNA level >2 copies of MDR1 gene) was observed in 74% of samples, and MRP1, MRP5, LRP overexpression was observed less frequently (30, 33, and 33% of samples, respectively). None of these parameters were predictive of response, relapse, or survival. However, clinical response to treatment was highly predictive of relapse-free survival and overall survival. CONCLUSIONS High expression of these multidrug resistance genes in advanced neuroblastoma is not the main parameter of response to cytotoxic drugs; clinical response to treatment remains the most important parameter in predicting the prognosis of patients with advanced neuroblastoma, until other relevant laboratory parameters have been identified.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/biosynthesis
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/physiology
- Adolescent
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Carboplatin/administration & dosage
- Carboplatin/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Tumor/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor/metabolism
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Chromosome Deletion
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1/ultrastructure
- Cisplatin/administration & dosage
- Cisplatin/pharmacology
- Computer Systems
- Cyclophosphamide/administration & dosage
- Cyclophosphamide/pharmacology
- Disease-Free Survival
- Doxorubicin/administration & dosage
- Doxorubicin/pharmacology
- Drug Resistance, Multiple/genetics
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Etoposide/administration & dosage
- Etoposide/pharmacology
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Genes, MDR
- Genes, myc
- Humans
- Infant
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Male
- Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins/biosynthesis
- Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins/genetics
- Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins/physiology
- Neoplasm Proteins/biosynthesis
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/physiology
- Neuroblastoma/drug therapy
- Neuroblastoma/genetics
- Neuroblastoma/metabolism
- Neuroblastoma/mortality
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/pathology
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Neoplasm/biosynthesis
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- S Phase
- Treatment Outcome
- Vault Ribonucleoprotein Particles/biosynthesis
- Vault Ribonucleoprotein Particles/genetics
- Vault Ribonucleoprotein Particles/physiology
- Vincristine/administration & dosage
- Vincristine/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia de Cremoux
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, Paris Cedex, France.
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Abstract
Breast cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-related death in women in the US and the UK, accounting for 15-17% of all female cancer deaths. Current treatment strategies include hormone therapy, such as anti-estrogens (tamoxifen) and aromatase inhibitors (exemastane, anastrozole, letrozole), as well as cytotoxics, such as the taxanes (paclitaxel, docetaxel). With multiple therapy choices, a method to prospectively screen patients prior to therapy selection is now needed. Pharmacogenetics seeks to develop screening mechanisms to optimise drug therapy. DNA variations in metabolism, transport and drug target genes may contribute to chemotherapy efficacy and toxicities. The status of the identification of genetic markers for breast cancer therapy selection is highlighted in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Marsh
- Washington University School of Medicine, Division of Oncology, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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96
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van Wijngaarden J, van Beek E, van Rossum G, van der Bent C, Hoekman K, van der Pluijm G, van der Pol MA, Broxterman HJ, van Hinsbergh VWM, Löwik CWGM. Celecoxib enhances doxorubicin-induced cytotoxicity in MDA-MB231 cells by NF-κB-mediated increase of intracellular doxorubicin accumulation. Eur J Cancer 2007; 43:433-42. [PMID: 17097285 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2006.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2006] [Revised: 07/27/2006] [Accepted: 09/04/2006] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and cyclo-oxygenase (COX) inhibitors are anti-inflammatory agents that have also shown to be useful in anticancer therapy. In the present study, we show that the specific COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib enhances the inhibitory effect of doxorubicin (dox) on human MDA-MB231 breast tumour growth in vivo and in vitro. We also found that celecoxib increased the intracellular accumulation and retention of dox in vitro. Since the NSAID indomethacin and the specific COX-2 inhibitor NS398 did not affect the in vitro actions of dox, these effects are likely to be mediated via a COX-independent mechanism. It has been suggested that some COX-inhibitors can enhance the actions of cytostatics by overcoming multidrug resistance through the inhibition of ABC-transporter proteins. However, we found that the three main ATP-binding cassette (ABC)-transporter proteins, implicated in dox transport, were inactive in MDA-MB231 cells. Therefore, the finding that the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) blocker PSC833 also increased cellular accumulation of dox was unexpected. In order to unravel the molecular mechanisms involved in dox accumulation, we examined the involvement of NF-kappaB, as this transcription factor has been implicated in celecoxib action as well as in chemoresistance. We found that celecoxib and PSC833, but not indomethacin or NS398, almost completely inhibited basal- and dox induced NF-kappaB gene-reporter activity and p65 subunit nuclear translocation. Furthermore, the NF-kappaB inhibitor PDTC mimicked the actions of celecoxib and PSC833 on cell growth and on intracellular accumulation of dox, suggesting that NF-kappaB is functionally involved in the actions of these compounds. In conclusion, we show that structurally different compounds, among which are celecoxib and PSC833, increase the intracellular accumulation of dox and enhance dox induced cytotoxicity in MDA-MB231 breast cancer cells most likely via the modulation of NF-kappaB activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens van Wijngaarden
- Department of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
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97
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Lin T, Islam O, Heese K. ABC transporters, neural stem cells and neurogenesis – a different perspective. Cell Res 2006; 16:857-71. [PMID: 17088897 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cr.7310107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells intrigue. They have the ability to divide exponentially, recreate the stem cell compartment, as well as create differentiated cells to generate tissues. Therefore, they should be natural candidates to provide a renewable source of cells for transplantation applied in regenerative medicine. Stem cells have the capacity to generate specific tissues or even whole organs like the blood, heart, or bones. A subgroup of stem cells, the neural stem cells (NSCs), is characterized as a self-renewing population that generates neurons and glia of the developing brain. They can be isolated, genetically manipulated and differentiated in vitro and reintroduced into a developing, adult or a pathologically altered central nervous system. NSCs have been considered for use in cell replacement therapies in various neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Characterization of genes with tightly controlled expression patterns during differentiation represents an approach to understanding the regulation of stem cell commitment. The regulation of stem cell biology by the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters has emerged as an important new field of investigation. As a major focus of stem cell research is in the manipulation of cells to enable differentiation into a targeted cell population; in this review, we discuss recent literatures on ABC transporters and stem cells, and propose an integrated view on the role of the ABC transporters, especially ABCA2, ABCA3, ABCB1 and ABCG2, in NSCs' proliferation, differentiation and regulation, along with comparisons to that in hematopoietic and other stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Lin
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
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98
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Salama NN, Yang Z, Bui T, Ho RJY. MDR1 haplotypes significantly minimize intracellular uptake and transcellular P‐gp substrate transport in recombinant LLC‐PK1 cells. J Pharm Sci 2006; 95:2293-308. [PMID: 16883550 DOI: 10.1002/jps.20717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
To date, research on the effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on P-glycoprotein (P-gp) expression and functionality has rendered inconsistent results. This study systematically evaluates the impact of MDR1 haplotypes (1236/2677, 1236/3435, 2677/3435, 1236/2677/3435) on P-gp functionality compared to individual SNPs (1236, 2677, and 3435) in validated stable recombinant epithelial cells. Recombinant LLC-PK1 cells expressing MDR1wt or its variants were developed and validated for this purpose. Intracellular accumulation and time-dependant efflux of a P-gp substrate, Rhodamine 123 (R123, 5 microM) were evaluated in control and recombinant cells. Additionally, the transepithelial transport of R123 (1 microM) and Vinca alkaloids (5 microM) was evaluated. Except for MDR1(2677T) and MDR1(1236T/2677T/3435T), cells expressing MDR1 variants displayed intermediate R123 intracellular accumulation (1.5-2-fold higher) and lower effluxed R123 (10-20% vs. 52%) compared to those expressing MDR1wt. Efflux ratios across MDR1wt expressing cells were significantly larger for R123 (3.95+/-1.1), Vinblastine (3.75+/-0.26), and Vincristine (2.8+/-0.29). Recombinant cells expressing MDR1 variants displayed 0%-22.7% P-gp activity (approximately 80%-100% efflux loss). Results suggest that MDR1 polymorphisms at the 1236, 2677, and/or 3435 positions significantly minimize P-gp functionality in vitro, the extent of which appears to be substrate dependant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha N Salama
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Box 357610, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-7610, USA.
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99
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Ceckova-Novotna M, Pavek P, Staud F. P-glycoprotein in the placenta: Expression, localization, regulation and function. Reprod Toxicol 2006; 22:400-10. [PMID: 16563694 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2006.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2005] [Revised: 01/11/2006] [Accepted: 01/24/2006] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Detailed understanding of the mechanisms employed in transfer of drugs across the placenta is essential for optimization of pharmacotherapy during pregnancy. Disclosure of drug efflux transporters as an "active component" of the placental barrier has brought new important insights into the field of transplacental pharmacokinetics. P-glycoprotein (P-gp, MDR1) is the first discovered and so far the best characterized of drug efflux transporters, whose role in the regulation of drug disposition to the fetus has been extensively studied. Expression of P-gp in the placental trophoblast layer was confirmed at the mRNA and protein levels in all phases of pregnancy, and several in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated functional activity of the transporter in materno-fetal drug transport. P-gp is able to actively pump drugs and other xenobiotics from trophoblast cells back to the maternal circulation, providing thus protection to the fetus. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the expression, localization and function of P-gp in the placenta. In addition, we include the latest data concerning transcriptional regulation of placental P-gp expression and polymorphisms of the MDR1 gene. Clinical significance of placental P-gp and its future perspectives for pharmacotherapy during pregnancy are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Ceckova-Novotna
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Heyrovskeho 1203, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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100
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Cnubben NHP, Wortelboer HM, van Zanden JJ, Rietjens IMCM, van Bladeren PJ. Metabolism of ATP-binding cassette drug transporter inhibitors: complicating factor for multidrug resistance. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2006; 1:219-32. [PMID: 16922638 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.1.2.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Membrane transport proteins belonging to the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) family of transport proteins play a central role in the defence of organisms against toxic compounds, including anticancer drugs. However, for compounds that are designed to display a toxic effect, this defence system diminishes their effectiveness. This is typically the case in the development of cellular resistance to anticancer drugs. Inhibitors of these transporters are thus potentially useful tools to reverse this transporter-mediated cellular resistance to anticancer drugs and, eventually, to enhance the effectiveness of the treatment of patients with drug-resistant cancer. This review highlights the various types of inhibitors of several multidrug resistance-related ABC proteins, and demonstrates that the metabolism of inhibitors, as illustrated by recent data obtained for various natural compound inhibitors, may have considerable implications for their effect on drug transport and their potential for treatment of drug resistance.
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