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Amado-Azevedo J, van Stalborch AMD, Valent ET, Nawaz K, van Bezu J, Eringa EC, Hoevenaars FPM, De Cuyper IM, Hordijk PL, van Hinsbergh VWM, van Nieuw Amerongen GP, Aman J, Margadant C. Correction to: Depletion of Arg/Abl2 improves endothelial cell adhesion and prevents vascular leak during inflammation. Angiogenesis 2021; 25:145. [PMID: 34370151 PMCID: PMC8813836 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-021-09808-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joana Amado-Azevedo
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Erik T Valent
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kalim Nawaz
- Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan van Bezu
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Etto C Eringa
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Femke P M Hoevenaars
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Peter L Hordijk
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Victor W M van Hinsbergh
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Geerten P van Nieuw Amerongen
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jurjan Aman
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Pulmonology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Coert Margadant
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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2
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Amado-Azevedo J, van Stalborch AMD, Valent ET, Nawaz K, van Bezu J, Eringa EC, Hoevenaars FPM, De Cuyper IM, Hordijk PL, van Hinsbergh VWM, van Nieuw Amerongen GP, Aman J, Margadant C. Depletion of Arg/Abl2 improves endothelial cell adhesion and prevents vascular leak during inflammation. Angiogenesis 2021; 24:677-693. [PMID: 33770321 PMCID: PMC7996118 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-021-09781-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial barrier disruption and vascular leak importantly contribute to organ dysfunction and mortality during inflammatory conditions like sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome. We identified the kinase Arg/Abl2 as a mediator of endothelial barrier disruption, but the role of Arg in endothelial monolayer regulation and its relevance in vivo remain poorly understood. Here we show that depletion of Arg in endothelial cells results in the activation of both RhoA and Rac1, increased cell spreading and elongation, redistribution of integrin-dependent cell-matrix adhesions to the cell periphery, and improved adhesion to the extracellular matrix. We further show that Arg is activated in the endothelium during inflammation, both in murine lungs exposed to barrier-disruptive agents, and in pulmonary microvessels of septic patients. Importantly, Arg-depleted endothelial cells were less sensitive to barrier-disruptive agents. Despite the formation of F-actin stress fibers and myosin light chain phosphorylation, Arg depletion diminished adherens junction disruption and intercellular gap formation, by reducing the disassembly of cell-matrix adhesions and cell retraction. In vivo, genetic deletion of Arg diminished vascular leak in the skin and lungs, in the presence of a normal immune response. Together, our data indicate that Arg is a central and non-redundant regulator of endothelial barrier integrity, which contributes to cell retraction and gap formation by increasing the dynamics of adherens junctions and cell-matrix adhesions in a Rho GTPase-dependent fashion. Therapeutic inhibition of Arg may provide a suitable strategy for the treatment of a variety of clinical conditions characterized by vascular leak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Amado-Azevedo
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Erik T Valent
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kalim Nawaz
- Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan van Bezu
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Etto C Eringa
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Femke P M Hoevenaars
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Peter L Hordijk
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Victor W M van Hinsbergh
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Geerten P van Nieuw Amerongen
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jurjan Aman
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Pulmonology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Coert Margadant
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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3
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Juni RP, Al-Shama R, Kuster DWD, van der Velden J, Hamer HM, Vervloet MG, Eringa EC, Koolwijk P, van Hinsbergh VWM. Empagliflozin restores chronic kidney disease-induced impairment of endothelial regulation of cardiomyocyte relaxation and contraction. Kidney Int 2020; 99:1088-1101. [PMID: 33359500 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) promotes development of cardiac abnormalities and is highly prevalent in patients with heart failure, particularly in those with preserved ejection fraction. CKD is associated with endothelial dysfunction, however, whether CKD can induce impairment of endothelium-to-cardiomyocyte crosstalk leading to impairment of cardiomyocyte function is not known. The sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor, empagliflozin, reduced cardiovascular events in diabetic patients with or without CKD, suggesting its potential as a new treatment for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. We hypothesized that uremic serum from patients with CKD would impair endothelial control of cardiomyocyte relaxation and contraction, and that empagliflozin would protect against this effect. Using a co-culture system of human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells with adult rat ventricular cardiomyocytes to measure cardiomyocyte relaxation and contraction, we showed that serum from patients with CKD impaired endothelial enhancement of cardiomyocyte function which was rescued by empagliflozin. Exposure to uremic serum reduced human cardiac microvascular endothelial cell nitric oxide bioavailability, and increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and 3-nitrotyrosine levels, indicating nitric oxide scavenging by reactive oxygen species. Empagliflozin attenuated uremic serum-induced generation of endothelial mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, leading to restoration of nitric oxide production and endothelium-mediated enhancement of nitric oxide levels in cardiomyocytes, an effect largely independent of sodium-hydrogen exchanger-1. Thus, empagliflozin restores the beneficial effect of cardiac microvascular endothelial cells on cardiomyocyte function by reducing mitochondrial oxidative damage, leading to reduced reactive oxygen species accumulation and increased endothelial nitric oxide bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rio P Juni
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rushd Al-Shama
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Diederik W D Kuster
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jolanda van der Velden
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henrike M Hamer
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marc G Vervloet
- Department of Nephrology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Etto C Eringa
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter Koolwijk
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Victor W M van Hinsbergh
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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4
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Botros L, Pronk MCA, Juschten J, Liddle J, Morsing SKH, van Buul JD, Bates RH, Tuinman PR, van Bezu JSM, Huveneers S, Bogaard HJ, van Hinsbergh VWM, Hordijk PL, Aman J. Bosutinib prevents vascular leakage by reducing focal adhesion turnover and reinforcing junctional integrity. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs240077. [PMID: 32198280 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.240077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial barrier dysfunction leads to edema and vascular leak, causing high morbidity and mortality. Previously, Abl kinase inhibition has been shown to protect against vascular leak. Using the distinct inhibitory profiles of clinically available Abl kinase inhibitors, we aimed to provide a mechanistic basis for novel treatment strategies against vascular leakage syndromes. We found that the inhibitor bosutinib most potently protected against inflammation-induced endothelial barrier disruption. In vivo, bosutinib prevented lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced alveolar protein extravasation in an acute lung injury mice model. Mechanistically, mitogen-activated protein 4 kinase 4 (MAP4K4) was identified as important novel mediator of endothelial permeability, which signaled via ezrin, radixin and moesin proteins to increase turnover of integrin-based focal adhesions. The combined inhibition of MAP4K4 and Abl-related gene (Arg, also known as ABL2) by bosutinib preserved adherens junction integrity and reduced turnover of focal adhesions, which synergistically act to stabilize the endothelial barrier during inflammation. We conclude that MAP4K4 is an important regulator of endothelial barrier integrity, increasing focal adhesion turnover and disruption of cell-cell junctions during inflammation. Because it inhibits both Arg and MAP4K4, use of the clinically available drug bosutinib might form a viable strategy against vascular leakage syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza Botros
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Pulmonology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Manon C A Pronk
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jenny Juschten
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Intensive Care, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John Liddle
- GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Sofia K H Morsing
- Molecular Cell Biology Lab at Dept. Molecular Cellular Haemostasis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap D van Buul
- Molecular Cell Biology Lab at Dept. Molecular Cellular Haemostasis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Pieter R Tuinman
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Intensive Care, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan S M van Bezu
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stephan Huveneers
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harm Jan Bogaard
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Pulmonology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Victor W M van Hinsbergh
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter L Hordijk
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jurjan Aman
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Pulmonology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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5
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Turaihi AH, Serné EH, Molthoff CFM, Koning JJ, Knol J, Niessen HW, Goumans MJTH, van Poelgeest EM, Yudkin JS, Smulders YM, Jimenez CR, van Hinsbergh VWM, Eringa EC. Perivascular Adipose Tissue Controls Insulin-Stimulated Perfusion, Mitochondrial Protein Expression, and Glucose Uptake in Muscle Through Adipomuscular Arterioles. Diabetes 2020; 69:603-613. [PMID: 32005705 DOI: 10.2337/db18-1066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-mediated microvascular recruitment (IMVR) regulates delivery of insulin and glucose to insulin-sensitive tissues. We have previously proposed that perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) controls vascular function through outside-to-inside communication and through vessel-to-vessel, or "vasocrine," signaling. However, direct experimental evidence supporting a role of local PVAT in regulating IMVR and insulin sensitivity in vivo is lacking. Here, we studied muscles with and without PVAT in mice using combined contrast-enhanced ultrasonography and intravital microscopy to measure IMVR and gracilis artery diameter at baseline and during the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. We show, using microsurgical removal of PVAT from the muscle microcirculation, that local PVAT depots regulate insulin-stimulated muscle perfusion and glucose uptake in vivo. We discovered direct microvascular connections between PVAT and the distal muscle microcirculation, or adipomuscular arterioles, the removal of which abolished IMVR. Local removal of intramuscular PVAT altered protein clusters in the connected muscle, including upregulation of a cluster featuring Hsp90ab1 and Hsp70 and downregulation of a cluster of mitochondrial protein components of complexes III, IV, and V. These data highlight the importance of PVAT in vascular and metabolic physiology and are likely relevant for obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander H Turaihi
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Erik H Serné
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Carla F M Molthoff
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jasper J Koning
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jaco Knol
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hans W Niessen
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marie Jose T H Goumans
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Erik M van Poelgeest
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - John S Yudkin
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, U.K
| | - Yvo M Smulders
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Connie R Jimenez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Victor W M van Hinsbergh
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Etto C Eringa
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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6
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Juni RP, Kuster DWD, Goebel M, Helmes M, Musters RJP, van der Velden J, Koolwijk P, Paulus WJ, van Hinsbergh VWM. Cardiac Microvascular Endothelial Enhancement of Cardiomyocyte Function Is Impaired by Inflammation and Restored by Empagliflozin. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2019; 4:575-591. [PMID: 31768475 PMCID: PMC6872802 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
CMECs exert a direct positive effect on cardiomyocyte contraction and relaxation, which is mainly mediated by endothelial-derived NO. Pro-inflammatory stimulation of CMECs by pre-incubation with TNF-α or interleukin-1β abrogates the positive regulatory function of these cells on cardiomyocyte contractile property. Mechanistically, pro-inflammatory activation of CMECs leads to mitochondrial and cytoplasmic ROS accumulation that results in the scavenging of NO. Empagliflozin directly restores the beneficial effect of CMECs on cardiomyocyte contraction and relaxation by reducing TNF-α-induced mitochondrial and cytoplasmic ROS accumulation, which leads to reinstatement of CMEC-derived NO delivery.
The positive findings of the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial (Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Cardiovascular Outcome Trial of Empagliflozin) on heart failure (HF) outcome in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus suggest a direct effect of empagliflozin on the heart. These patients frequently have HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), in which a metabolic risk-related pro-inflammatory state induces cardiac microvascular endothelial cell (CMEC) dysfunction with subsequent cardiomyocyte (CM) contractility impairment. This study showed that CMECs confer a direct positive effect on contraction and relaxation of CMs, an effect that requires nitric oxide, is diminished after CMEC stimulation with tumor necrosis factor-α, and is restored by empagliflozin. Our findings on the effect of empagliflozin on CMEC-mediated preservation of CM function suggests that empagliflozin can be used to treat the cardiac mechanical implications of microvascular dysfunction in HFpEF.
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Key Words
- CM, cardiomyocyte
- CMEC, cardiac microvascular endothelial cell
- Ca, calcium
- DM, diabetes mellitus
- DPPH, 1,1-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl
- EC, endothelial cell
- HF, heart failure
- HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
- HFrEF, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
- JNK, Jun N-terminal kinase
- L-NAME, N(ω)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester
- LV, left ventricular
- NK-κB, nuclear factor-κB
- NO, nitric oxide
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SGLT2, sodium glucose transporter 2
- contraction and relaxation
- eNOS, endothelial nitric oxide synthase
- empagliflozin
- endothelial cell–derived nitric oxide
- heart failure
- oxidative stress
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Affiliation(s)
- Rio P Juni
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Diederik W D Kuster
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Max Goebel
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michiel Helmes
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,CytoCypher B.V., Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - René J P Musters
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jolanda van der Velden
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Pieter Koolwijk
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Walter J Paulus
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Victor W M van Hinsbergh
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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7
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor W M van Hinsbergh
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, 0/2 Building, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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8
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Meijer RI, Hoevenaars FPM, Serné EH, Yudkin JS, Kokhuis TJA, Weijers EM, van Hinsbergh VWM, Smulders YM, Eringa EC. JNK2 in myeloid cells impairs insulin's vasodilator effects in muscle during early obesity development through perivascular adipose tissue dysfunction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 317:H364-H374. [PMID: 31149833 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00663.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Reduced vasodilator properties of insulin in obesity are caused by changes in perivascular adipose tissue and contribute to microvascular dysfunction in skeletal muscle. The causes of this dysfunction are unknown. The effects of a short-term Western diet on JNK2-expressing cells in perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) on insulin-induced vasodilation and perfusion of skeletal muscle were assessed. In vivo, 2 wk of Western diet (WD) reduced whole body insulin sensitivity and insulin-stimulated muscle perfusion, determined using contrast ultrasonography during the hyperinsulinemic clamp. Ex vivo, WD triggered accumulation of PVAT in skeletal muscle and blunted its ability to facilitate insulin-induced vasodilation. Labeling of myeloid cells with green fluorescent protein identified bone marrow as a source of PVAT in muscle. To study whether JNK2-expressing inflammatory cells from bone marrow were involved, we transplanted JNK2-/- bone marrow to WT mice. Deletion of JNK2 in bone marrow rescued the vasodilator phenotype of PVAT during WD exposure. JNK2 deletion in myeloid cells prevented the WD-induced increase in F4/80 expression. Even though WD and JNK2 deletion resulted in specific changes in gene expression of PVAT; epididymal and subcutaneous adipose tissue; expression of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, or protein inhibitor of STAT1 was not affected. In conclusion, short-term Western diet triggers infiltration of JNK2-positive myeloid cells into PVAT, resulting in PVAT dysfunction, nonclassical inflammation, and loss of insulin-induced vasodilatation in vivo and ex vivo.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We demonstrate that in the earliest phase of weight gain, changes in perivascular adipose tissue in muscle impair insulin-stimulated muscle perfusion. The hallmark of these changes is infiltration by inflammatory cells. Deletion of JNK2 from the bone marrow restores the function of perivascular adipose tissue to enhance insulin's vasodilator effects in muscle, showing that the bone marrow contributes to regulation of muscle perfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick I Meijer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Femke P M Hoevenaars
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik H Serné
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John S Yudkin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tom J A Kokhuis
- Biomedical Engineering, Thorax Center, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ester M Weijers
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Victor W M van Hinsbergh
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yvo M Smulders
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Etto C Eringa
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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9
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Mundi S, Massaro M, Scoditti E, Carluccio MA, van Hinsbergh VWM, Iruela-Arispe ML, De Caterina R. Endothelial permeability, LDL deposition, and cardiovascular risk factors-a review. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 114:35-52. [PMID: 29228169 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Early atherosclerosis features functional and structural changes in the endothelial barrier function that affect the traffic of molecules and solutes between the vessel lumen and the vascular wall. Such changes are mechanistically related to the development of atherosclerosis. Proatherogenic stimuli and cardiovascular risk factors, such as dyslipidaemias, diabetes, obesity, and smoking, all increase endothelial permeability sharing a common signalling denominator: an imbalance in the production/disposal of reactive oxygen species (ROS), broadly termed oxidative stress. Mostly as a consequence of the activation of enzymatic systems leading to ROS overproduction, proatherogenic factors lead to a pro-inflammatory status that translates in changes in gene expression and functional rearrangements, including changes in the transendothelial transport of molecules, leading to the deposition of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and the subsequent infiltration of circulating leucocytes in the intima. In this review, we focus on such early changes in atherogenesis and on the concept that proatherogenic stimuli and risk factors for cardiovascular disease, by altering the endothelial barrier properties, co-ordinately trigger the accumulation of LDL in the intima and ultimately plaque formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santa Mundi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology (DISTEBA), University of Salento, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Marika Massaro
- National Research Council (CNR), Department of Biomedical sciences, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Egeria Scoditti
- National Research Council (CNR), Department of Biomedical sciences, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Maria Annunziata Carluccio
- National Research Council (CNR), Department of Biomedical sciences, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Victor W M van Hinsbergh
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, van der Boechorststraat, NL-1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marial Luisa Iruela-Arispe
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology and Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, 610 Charles E Young Dr S, 90095, Los Angeles, USA; and
| | - Raffaele De Caterina
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science and Institute of Advanced Biomedical Technologies, University G. D'Annunzio, via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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10
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Tasev D, Dekker-Vroling L, van Wijhe M, Broxterman HJ, Koolwijk P, van Hinsbergh VWM. Hypoxia Impairs Initial Outgrowth of Endothelial Colony Forming Cells and Reduces Their Proliferative and Sprouting Potential. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:356. [PMID: 30619865 PMCID: PMC6306419 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular homeostasis and regeneration in ischemic tissue relies on intrinsic competence of the tissue to rapidly recruit endothelial cells for vascularization. The mononuclear cell (MNC) fraction of blood contains circulating progenitors committed to endothelial lineage. These progenitors give rise to endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) that actively participate in neovascularization of ischemic tissue. To evaluate if the initial clonal outgrowth of ECFCs from cord (CB) and peripheral blood (PB) was stimulated by hypoxic conditions, MNCs obtained from CB and PB were subjected to 20 and 1% O2 cell culture conditions. Clonal outgrowth was followed during a 30 day incubation period. Hypoxia impaired the initial outgrowth of ECFC colonies from CB and also reduced their number that were developing from PB MNCs. Three days of oxygenation (20% O2) prior to hypoxia could overcome the initial CB-ECFC outgrowth. Once proliferating and subcultured the CB-ECFCs growth was only modestly affected by hypoxia; proliferation of PB-ECFCs was reduced to a similar extent (18-30% reduction). Early passages of subcultured CB- and PB-ECFCs contained only viable cells and few if any senescent cells. Tube formation by subcultured PB-ECFCs was also markedly inhibited by continuous exposure to 1% O2. Gene expression profiles point to regulation of the cell cycle and metabolism as major altered gene clusters. Finally we discuss our counterintuitive observations in the context of the important role that hypoxia has in promoting neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitar Tasev
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Laura Dekker-Vroling
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Michiel van Wijhe
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Henk J Broxterman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Pieter Koolwijk
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Victor W M van Hinsbergh
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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11
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Nowak-Sliwinska P, Alitalo K, Allen E, Anisimov A, Aplin AC, Auerbach R, Augustin HG, Bates DO, van Beijnum JR, Bender RHF, Bergers G, Bikfalvi A, Bischoff J, Böck BC, Brooks PC, Bussolino F, Cakir B, Carmeliet P, Castranova D, Cimpean AM, Cleaver O, Coukos G, Davis GE, De Palma M, Dimberg A, Dings RPM, Djonov V, Dudley AC, Dufton NP, Fendt SM, Ferrara N, Fruttiger M, Fukumura D, Ghesquière B, Gong Y, Griffin RJ, Harris AL, Hughes CCW, Hultgren NW, Iruela-Arispe ML, Irving M, Jain RK, Kalluri R, Kalucka J, Kerbel RS, Kitajewski J, Klaassen I, Kleinmann HK, Koolwijk P, Kuczynski E, Kwak BR, Marien K, Melero-Martin JM, Munn LL, Nicosia RF, Noel A, Nurro J, Olsson AK, Petrova TV, Pietras K, Pili R, Pollard JW, Post MJ, Quax PHA, Rabinovich GA, Raica M, Randi AM, Ribatti D, Ruegg C, Schlingemann RO, Schulte-Merker S, Smith LEH, Song JW, Stacker SA, Stalin J, Stratman AN, Van de Velde M, van Hinsbergh VWM, Vermeulen PB, Waltenberger J, Weinstein BM, Xin H, Yetkin-Arik B, Yla-Herttuala S, Yoder MC, Griffioen AW. Consensus guidelines for the use and interpretation of angiogenesis assays. Angiogenesis 2018; 21:425-532. [PMID: 29766399 PMCID: PMC6237663 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-018-9613-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 387] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The formation of new blood vessels, or angiogenesis, is a complex process that plays important roles in growth and development, tissue and organ regeneration, as well as numerous pathological conditions. Angiogenesis undergoes multiple discrete steps that can be individually evaluated and quantified by a large number of bioassays. These independent assessments hold advantages but also have limitations. This article describes in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro bioassays that are available for the evaluation of angiogenesis and highlights critical aspects that are relevant for their execution and proper interpretation. As such, this collaborative work is the first edition of consensus guidelines on angiogenesis bioassays to serve for current and future reference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Nowak-Sliwinska
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Rue Michel-Servet 1, CMU, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland.
- Translational Research Center in Oncohaematology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Kari Alitalo
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Biology Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elizabeth Allen
- Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Therapeutic Resistance, Department of Oncology, VIB-Center for Cancer Biology, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Andrey Anisimov
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Biology Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alfred C Aplin
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Hellmut G Augustin
- European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David O Bates
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Judy R van Beijnum
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R Hugh F Bender
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Gabriele Bergers
- Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Therapeutic Resistance, Department of Oncology, VIB-Center for Cancer Biology, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor Research Center, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andreas Bikfalvi
- Angiogenesis and Tumor Microenvironment Laboratory (INSERM U1029), University Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Joyce Bischoff
- Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Barbara C Böck
- European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter C Brooks
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA
| | - Federico Bussolino
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO-IRCCS, 10060, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Bertan Cakir
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daniel Castranova
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anca M Cimpean
- Department of Microscopic Morphology/Histology, Angiogenesis Research Center, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ondine Cleaver
- Department of Molecular Biology, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - George Coukos
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - George E Davis
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, School of Medicine and Dalton Cardiovascular Center, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Michele De Palma
- School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anna Dimberg
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ruud P M Dings
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | | | - Andrew C Dudley
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Emily Couric Cancer Center, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Neil P Dufton
- Vascular Sciences, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sarah-Maria Fendt
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Marcus Fruttiger
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Dai Fukumura
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bart Ghesquière
- Metabolomics Expertise Center, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Oncology, Metabolomics Expertise Center, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yan Gong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert J Griffin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Adrian L Harris
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Oxford University Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Christopher C W Hughes
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Nan W Hultgren
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Melita Irving
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rakesh K Jain
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Raghu Kalluri
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joanna Kalucka
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robert S Kerbel
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Biological Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jan Kitajewski
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ingeborg Klaassen
- Ocular Angiogenesis Group, Departments of Ophthalmology and Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hynda K Kleinmann
- The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Pieter Koolwijk
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth Kuczynski
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Biological Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Brenda R Kwak
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Juan M Melero-Martin
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lance L Munn
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roberto F Nicosia
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Service, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Agnes Noel
- Laboratory of Tumor and Developmental Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jussi Nurro
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anna-Karin Olsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tatiana V Petrova
- Department of oncology UNIL-CHUV, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kristian Pietras
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund, Sweden
| | - Roberto Pili
- Genitourinary Program, Indiana University-Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Pollard
- Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mark J Post
- Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul H A Quax
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Department Surgery, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Institute of Biology and Experimental Medicine, National Council of Scientific and Technical Investigations (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marius Raica
- Department of Microscopic Morphology/Histology, Angiogenesis Research Center, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Anna M Randi
- Vascular Sciences, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
- National Cancer Institute "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Curzio Ruegg
- Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Reinier O Schlingemann
- Ocular Angiogenesis Group, Departments of Ophthalmology and Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Schulte-Merker
- Institute of Cardiovascular Organogenesis and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, WWU, Münster, Germany
| | - Lois E H Smith
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan W Song
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Steven A Stacker
- Tumour Angiogenesis and Microenvironment Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and The Sir Peter MacCallum, Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jimmy Stalin
- Institute of Cardiovascular Organogenesis and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, WWU, Münster, Germany
| | - Amber N Stratman
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maureen Van de Velde
- Laboratory of Tumor and Developmental Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Victor W M van Hinsbergh
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Peter B Vermeulen
- HistoGeneX, Antwerp, Belgium
- Translational Cancer Research Unit, GZA Hospitals, Sint-Augustinus & University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Johannes Waltenberger
- Medical Faculty, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Münster, Germany
| | - Brant M Weinstein
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hong Xin
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Bahar Yetkin-Arik
- Ocular Angiogenesis Group, Departments of Ophthalmology and Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Seppo Yla-Herttuala
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mervin C Yoder
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Arjan W Griffioen
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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12
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Amado-Azevedo J, de Menezes RX, van Nieuw Amerongen GP, van Hinsbergh VWM, Hordijk PL. A functional siRNA screen identifies RhoGTPase-associated genes involved in thrombin-induced endothelial permeability. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201231. [PMID: 30048510 PMCID: PMC6062096 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombin and other inflammatory mediators may induce vascular permeability through the disruption of adherens junctions between adjacent endothelial cells. If uncontrolled, hyperpermeability leads to an impaired barrier, fluid leakage and edema, which can contribute to multi-organ failure and death. RhoGTPases control cytoskeletal dynamics, adhesion and migration and are known regulators of endothelial integrity. Knowledge of the precise role of each RhoGTPase, and their associated regulatory and effector genes, in endothelial integrity is incomplete. Using a combination of a RNAi screen with electrical impedance measurements, we quantified the effect of individually silencing 270 Rho-associated genes on the barrier function of thrombin-activated, primary endothelial cells. Known and novel RhoGTPase-associated regulators that modulate the response to thrombin were identified (RTKN, TIAM2, MLC1, ARPC1B, SEPT2, SLC9A3R1, RACGAP1, RAPGEF2, RHOD, PREX1, ARHGEF7, PLXNB2, ARHGAP45, SRGAP2, ARHGEF5). In conclusion, with this siRNA screen, we confirmed the roles of known regulators of endothelial integrity but also identified new, potential key players in thrombin-induced endothelial signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Amado-Azevedo
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Renee X. de Menezes
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Victor W. M. van Hinsbergh
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter L. Hordijk
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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13
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Bom VJJ, van Hinsbergh VWM, Reinalda-Poot HH, Mohanlal RW, Bertina RM. Extrinsic Activation of Human Coagulation Factors IX and X on the Endothelial Surface. Thromb Haemost 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1646408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
SummaryIn previous kinetic studies, the catalytic efficiency of the activation of human coagulation factors IX and X by factor VIIa in the presence of purified tissue factor apoprotein was found to be essentially equal. These activation reactions were now studied on the surface of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The cells were stimulated with endotoxin to express tissue factor. This tissue factor activity was saturable with factor VIIa and could be inhibited by rabbit antibodies against human tissue factor apoprotein. Only stimulated cells supported factor VIIa activity. No difference in the reactivity of factor VII and VIIa was observed in the presence of factor X, due to rapid feedback activation of factor VII by factor Xa. However, the activation of factor IX by factor VII shows a 10 min lag-phase, which reflects that the activation of factor VII by factor IXa is a less efficient process. The kinetic parameters for the factor VIIa dependent activation of factor IX and factor X on the endothelial surface were: Km 0.09 εM, Vmax 0.13 pmol/min, and Km 0.071 εM, Vmax 0.41 pmol/min, respectively. The same ratio between the Vmax for factor X and factor IX activation was observed as in a cell free system. However, the Km of factor IX was 4-fold higher on the endothelial surface than in the cell free system. Together, these kinetic parameters will favour factor X activation 5-fold over factor IX activation at physiological concentrations of these proteins.The activation of factor X by factor VIIa on the endothelial surface was characterized by a short lag-phase, which was absent in factor IX activation. Further, both the activation of factor X and factor IX were down regulated by factor Xa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor J J Bom
- The Division of Haemostasis and Thrombosis, University Hospital, Groningen, the Haemostasis and Thrombosis Research Unit, University Hospital, Leiden and the Gaubius Institute, Health Research Division TNO, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Victor W M van Hinsbergh
- The Division of Haemostasis and Thrombosis, University Hospital, Groningen, the Haemostasis and Thrombosis Research Unit, University Hospital, Leiden and the Gaubius Institute, Health Research Division TNO, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hanneke H Reinalda-Poot
- The Division of Haemostasis and Thrombosis, University Hospital, Groningen, the Haemostasis and Thrombosis Research Unit, University Hospital, Leiden and the Gaubius Institute, Health Research Division TNO, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ramon W Mohanlal
- The Division of Haemostasis and Thrombosis, University Hospital, Groningen, the Haemostasis and Thrombosis Research Unit, University Hospital, Leiden and the Gaubius Institute, Health Research Division TNO, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rogier M Bertina
- The Division of Haemostasis and Thrombosis, University Hospital, Groningen, the Haemostasis and Thrombosis Research Unit, University Hospital, Leiden and the Gaubius Institute, Health Research Division TNO, Leiden, The Netherlands
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14
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Visser MJT, van Lennep ACD, Hajo van Bockel J, van Hinsbergh VWM, Slats J, Tanke HJ. A New, Automated and Accurate In Vitro Method to Quantify Endothelial Cells Attached to Vascular Prostheses. Thromb Haemost 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1648826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
SummaryOver a decade ago the idea of endothelial cell seeding was introduced in an attempt to improve the function of small caliber vascular prostheses. Although endothelial cell seeding is currently being applied clinically, several questions regarding the functional properties of the seeded endothelial cells remain. Evaluation of functional properties of endothelial cells on various types of vascular prostheses can be performed partly in vitro, but it is hampered by the fact that commonly used methods to quantify endothelial cells do not adequately apply to these cells on prosthetic materials.An accurate quantification method is described that is rapidly and easily applicable to endothelial cells attached to vascular prostheses. The method can also be used to quantify endothelial cells attached to culture dishes or microcarriers. Colorless, non-fluorescing, fluorescein-di-acetate was used, which was taken up by the attached endothelial cells, and which was then intracellularly converted to yellow fluorescein, emitting green fluorescence. Subsequently, triton-X-100 was appli-cated to release fluorescein and levels of fluorescence were measured with the automated aperture-defined microvolume (ADM) method, using an inverted fluorescence microscope to which a photometer was connected. The measured level of fluorescence is linearly related to endothelial cell numbers attached to prostheses. The accuracy and the reproducibility of cell countings are high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel J T Visser
- The Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - J Hajo van Bockel
- The Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jan Slats
- Department of Cytochemistry and Cytometry, State University Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hans J Tanke
- Department of Cytochemistry and Cytometry, State University Leiden, The Netherlands
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15
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Abstract
SummaryA model has been developed to study the transport of fluid and macromolecules through human arterial umbilical cord endothelial cell monolayers in vitro. Cells were cultured on fibronectin- coated polycarbonate filters and formed within a few days a tight monolayer, with an electrical resistance of 17 ± 4 Ohm · cm2. The cells were connected by close cell contacts with tight junctions. The passáge-rate of horse radish peroxidase (HRP) through these filters was 20-40 fold lower than through filters without an endothelial monolayer. The continuous presence of 10% human serum was needed to maintain the electrical resistance of the monolayer and its barrier function towards macromolecules. Chelation of extracellular calcium resulted in an increased permeability and a decreased electrical resistance of the monolayer. This process was reversible by re-addition of calcium ions to the cells. The permeation rate of dextrans of various molecular weights (9-480 kD) was inversely related to the molecular mass of the molecule. No difference was measured between the passage rate of dextran of 480 kD and dextran of 2,000 kD. Incubation of the endothelial cell monolayer with 2-deoxy-D-glucose resulted in a decreased permeability but it had no effect on electrical resistance. This suggests that the passage-process is energy- dependent.Fluid permeation through the endothelial cell monolayer on filters was measured in a perfusion chamber under 20 mmHg hydrostatic pressure. It was decreased by the presence of serum proteins and responded reversibly on the chelation and readdition of extracellular calcium ions.
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16
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Turaihi AH, Bakker W, van Hinsbergh VWM, Serné EH, Smulders YM, Niessen HWM, Eringa EC. Insulin Receptor Substrate 2 Controls Insulin-Mediated Vasoreactivity and Perivascular Adipose Tissue Function in Muscle. Front Physiol 2018; 9:245. [PMID: 29628894 PMCID: PMC5876319 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Insulin signaling in adipose tissue has been shown to regulate insulin's effects in muscle. In muscle, perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) and vascular insulin signaling regulate muscle perfusion. Insulin receptor substrate (IRS) 2 has been shown to control adipose tissue function and glucose metabolism, and here we tested the hypothesis that IRS2 mediates insulin's actions on the vessel wall as well as the vasoactive properties of PVAT. Methods: We studied PVAT and muscle resistance arteries (RA) from littermate IRS2+/+ and IRS2−/− mice and vasoreactivity by pressure myography, vascular insulin signaling, adipokine expression, and release and PVAT morphology. As insulin induced constriction of IRS2+/+ RA in our mouse model, we also exposed RA's of C57/Bl6 mice to PVAT from IRS2+/+ and IRS2−/− littermates to evaluate vasodilator properties of PVAT. Results: IRS2−/− RA exhibited normal vasomotor function, yet a decreased maximal diameter compared to IRS2+/+ RA. IRS2+/+ vessels unexpectedly constricted endothelin-dependently in response to insulin, and this effect was absent in IRS2−/− RA due to reduced ERK1/2activation. For evaluation of PVAT function, we also used C57/Bl6 vessels with a neutral basal effect of insulin. In these experiments insulin (10.0 nM) increased diameter in the presence of IRS2+/+ PVAT (17 ± 4.8, p = 0.014), yet induced a 10 ± 7.6% decrease in diameter in the presence of IRS2−/− PVAT. Adipocytes in IRS2−/− PVAT (1314 ± 161 μm2) were larger (p = 0.0013) than of IRS2+/+ PVAT (915 ± 63 μm2). Adiponectin, IL-6, PAI-1 secretion were similar between IRS2+/+ and IRS2−/− PVAT, as were expression of pro-inflammatory genes (TNF-α, CCL2) and adipokines (adiponectin, leptin, endothelin-1). Insulin-induced AKT phosphorylation in RA was similar in the presence of IRS2−/− and IRS2+/+ PVAT. Conclusion: In muscle, IRS2 regulates both insulin's vasoconstrictor effects, mediating ERK1/2-ET-1 activation, and its vasodilator effects, by mediating the vasodilator effect of PVAT. The regulatory role of IRS2 in PVAT is independent from adiponectin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander H Turaihi
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wineke Bakker
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Victor W M van Hinsbergh
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Erik H Serné
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Yvo M Smulders
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hans W M Niessen
- Department of Pathology and Cardiac Surgery, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Etto C Eringa
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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17
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Abstract
RhoGTPases are known regulators of intracellular actin dynamics that are important for maintaining endothelial barrier function. RhoA is most extensively studied as a key regulator of endothelial barrier function, however the function of the 2 highly homologous family-members (> 88%) RhoB and RhoC in endothelial barrier function is still poorly understood. This study aimed to determine whether RhoA, RhoB and RhoC have overlapping or distinct roles in barrier function and permeability in resting and activated endothelium. By using primary endothelial cells in combination with siRNA transfection to establish individual, double or triple knockdown of the RhoA/B/C RhoGTPases, we found that RhoB, but not RhoA or RhoC, is in resting endothelium a negative regulator of permeability. Loss of RhoB accounted for an accumulation of VE-cadherin at cell-cell contacts. Thrombin-induced loss of endothelial integrity is mediated primarily by RhoA and RhoB. Combined loss of RhoA/B showed decreased phosphorylation of Myosin Light Chain and increased expression of VE-cadherin at cell-cell contacts after thrombin stimulation. RhoC contributes to the Rac1-dependent restoration of endothelial barrier function. In summary, this study shows that these highly homologous RhoGTPases differentially control the dynamics of endothelial barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon C A Pronk
- Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Jan S M van Bezu
- Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Peter L Hordijk
- Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
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18
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Turaihi AH, van Poelgeest EM, van Hinsbergh VWM, Serné EH, Smulders YM, Eringa EC. Combined Intravital Microscopy and Contrast-enhanced Ultrasonography of the Mouse Hindlimb to Study Insulin-induced Vasodilation and Muscle Perfusion. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28362362 PMCID: PMC5407697 DOI: 10.3791/54912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that insulin's vascular actions contribute to regulation of insulin sensitivity. Insulin's effects on muscle perfusion regulate postprandial delivery of nutrients and hormones to insulin-sensitive tissues. We here describe a technique for combining intravital microscopy (IVM) and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) of the adductor compartment of the mouse hindlimb to simultaneously visualize muscle resistance arteries and perfusion of the microcirculation in vivo. Simultaneously assessing insulin's effect at multiple levels of the vascular tree is important to study relationships between insulin's multiple vasoactive effects and muscle perfusion. Experiments in this study were performed in mice. First, the tail vein cannula is inserted for the infusion of anesthesia, vasoactive compounds and ultrasound contrast agent (lipid-encapsulated microbubbles). Second, a small incision is made in the groin area to expose the arterial tree of the adductor muscle compartment. The ultrasound probe is then positioned at the contralateral upper hindlimb to view the muscles in cross-section. To assess baseline parameters, the arterial diameter is assessed and microbubbles are subsequently infused at a constant rate to estimate muscle blood flow and microvascular blood volume (MBV). When applied before and during a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, combined IVM and CEUS allow assessment of insulin-induced changes of arterial diameter, microvascular muscle perfusion and whole-body insulin sensitivity. Moreover, the temporal relationship between responses of the microcirculation and the resistance arteries to insulin can be quantified. It is also possible to follow-up the mice longitudinally in time, making it a valuable tool to study changes in vascular and whole-body insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander H Turaihi
- Laboratory for Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research (ICaR-VU), VU University Medical Center;
| | - Erik M van Poelgeest
- Laboratory for Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research (ICaR-VU), VU University Medical Center
| | - Victor W M van Hinsbergh
- Laboratory for Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research (ICaR-VU), VU University Medical Center
| | - Erik H Serné
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Research (ICaR-VU), VU University Medical Center
| | - Yvo M Smulders
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Research (ICaR-VU), VU University Medical Center
| | - Etto C Eringa
- Laboratory for Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research (ICaR-VU), VU University Medical Center
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Kupreishvili K, Stooker W, Emmens RW, Vonk ABA, Sipkens JA, van Dijk A, Eijsman L, Quax PH, van Hinsbergh VWM, Krijnen PAJ, Niessen HWM. PX-18 Protects Human Saphenous Vein Endothelial Cells under Arterial Blood Pressure. Ann Vasc Surg 2017; 42:293-298. [PMID: 28300679 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2016.10.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arterial blood pressure-induced shear stress causes endothelial cell apoptosis and inflammation in vein grafts after coronary artery bypass grafting. As the inflammatory protein type IIA secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2-IIA) has been shown to progress atherosclerosis, we hypothesized a role for sPLA2-IIA herein. METHODS The effects of PX-18, an inhibitor of both sPLA2-IIA and apoptosis, on residual endothelium and the presence of sPLA2-IIA were studied in human saphenous vein segments (n = 6) perfused at arterial blood pressure with autologous blood for 6 hrs. RESULTS The presence of PX-18 in the perfusion blood induced a significant 20% reduction in endothelial cell loss compared to veins perfused without PX18, coinciding with significantly reduced sPLA2-IIA levels in the media of the vein graft wall. In addition, PX-18 significantly attenuated caspase-3 activation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells subjected to shear stress via mechanical stretch independent of sPLA2-IIA. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, PX-18 protects saphenous vein endothelial cells from arterial blood pressure-induced death, possibly also independent of sPLA2-IIA inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koba Kupreishvili
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Cardiovascular Research (ICaR-VU), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wim Stooker
- Institute for Cardiovascular Research (ICaR-VU), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiac Surgery, OLVG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Reindert W Emmens
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Cardiovascular Research (ICaR-VU), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander B A Vonk
- Institute for Cardiovascular Research (ICaR-VU), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiac Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica A Sipkens
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Cardiovascular Research (ICaR-VU), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annemieke van Dijk
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Cardiovascular Research (ICaR-VU), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leon Eijsman
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul H Quax
- Einthoven Laboratory of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Victor W M van Hinsbergh
- Institute for Cardiovascular Research (ICaR-VU), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul A J Krijnen
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Cardiovascular Research (ICaR-VU), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Hans W M Niessen
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Cardiovascular Research (ICaR-VU), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiac Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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20
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Kupreishvili K, Meischl C, Vonk ABA, Stooker W, Eijsman L, Blom AM, Quax PHA, van Hinsbergh VWM, Niessen HWM, Krijnen PAJ. Arterial Blood Pressure Induces Transient C4b-Binding Protein in Human Saphenous Vein Grafts. Ann Vasc Surg 2017; 41:259-264. [PMID: 28163174 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2016.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complement is an important mediator in arterial blood pressure-induced vein graft failure. Previously, we noted activation of cell protective mechanisms in human saphenous veins too. Here we have analyzed whether C4b-binding protein (C4bp), an endogenous complement inhibitor, is present in the vein wall. METHODS Human saphenous vein segments obtained from patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (n = 55) were perfused in vitro at arterial blood pressure with either autologous blood for 1, 2, 4, or 6 hr or with autologous blood supplemented with reactive oxygen species scavenger N-acetylcysteine. The segments were subsequently analyzed quantitatively for presence of C4bp and complement activation product C3d using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Perfusion induced deposition of C3d and C4bp within the media of the vessel wall, which increased reproducibly and significantly over a period of 4 hr up to 3.8% for C3d and 81% for C4bp of the total vessel area. Remarkably after 6 hr of perfusion, the C3d-positive area decreased significantly to 1.3% and the C4bp-positive area to 19% of the total area of the vein. The areas positive for both C4bp and C3d were increased in the presence of N-acetylcysteine. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to arterial blood pressure leads to a transient presence of C4bp in the vein wall. This may be part of a cell-protective mechanism to counteract arterial blood pressure-induced cellular stress and inflammation in grafted veins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koba Kupreishvili
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christof Meischl
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander B A Vonk
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wim Stooker
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leon Eijsman
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiac Surgery, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anna M Blom
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden
| | - Paul H A Quax
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Victor W M van Hinsbergh
- Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans W M Niessen
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiac Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul A J Krijnen
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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21
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Nauta TD, Duyndam MCA, Weijers EM, van Hinsbergh VWM, Koolwijk P. Correction: HIF-2α Expression Regulates Sprout Formation into 3D Fibrin Matrices in Prolonged Hypoxia in Human Microvascular Endothelial Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163840. [PMID: 27657501 PMCID: PMC5033328 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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22
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Valent ET, van Nieuw Amerongen GP, van Hinsbergh VWM, Hordijk PL. Traction force dynamics predict gap formation in activated endothelium. Exp Cell Res 2016; 347:161-170. [PMID: 27498166 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In many pathological conditions the endothelium becomes activated and dysfunctional, resulting in hyperpermeability and plasma leakage. No specific therapies are available yet to control endothelial barrier function, which is regulated by inter-endothelial junctions and the generation of acto-myosin-based contractile forces in the context of cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. However, the spatiotemporal distribution and stimulus-induced reorganization of these integral forces remain largely unknown. Traction force microscopy of human endothelial monolayers was used to visualize contractile forces in resting cells and during thrombin-induced hyperpermeability. Simultaneously, information about endothelial monolayer integrity, adherens junctions and cytoskeletal proteins (F-actin) were captured. This revealed a heterogeneous distribution of traction forces, with nuclear areas showing lower and cell-cell junctions higher traction forces than the whole-monolayer average. Moreover, junctional forces were asymmetrically distributed among neighboring cells. Force vector orientation analysis showed a good correlation with the alignment of F-actin and revealed contractile forces in newly formed filopodia and lamellipodia-like protrusions within the monolayer. Finally, unstable areas, showing high force fluctuations within the monolayer were prone to form inter-endothelial gaps upon stimulation with thrombin. To conclude, contractile traction forces are heterogeneously distributed within endothelial monolayers and force instability, rather than force magnitude, predicts the stimulus-induced formation of intercellular gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik T Valent
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Geerten P van Nieuw Amerongen
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Victor W M van Hinsbergh
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter L Hordijk
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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23
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Aman J, Weijers EM, van Nieuw Amerongen GP, Malik AB, van Hinsbergh VWM. Using cultured endothelial cells to study endothelial barrier dysfunction: Challenges and opportunities. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 311:L453-66. [PMID: 27343194 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00393.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite considerable progress in the understanding of endothelial barrier regulation and the identification of approaches that have the potential to improve endothelial barrier function, no drug- or stem cell-based therapy is presently available to reverse the widespread vascular leak that is observed in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and sepsis. The translational gap suggests a need to develop experimental approaches and tools that better mimic the complex environment of the microcirculation in which the vascular leak develops. Recent studies have identified several elements of this microenvironment. Among these are composition and stiffness of the extracellular matrix, fluid shear stress, interaction of endothelial cells (ECs) with pericytes, oxygen tension, and the combination of toxic and mechanic injurious stimuli. Development of novel cell culture techniques that integrate these elements would allow in-depth analysis of EC biology that closely approaches the (patho)physiological conditions in situ. In parallel, techniques to isolate organ-specific ECs, to define EC heterogeneity in its full complexity, and to culture patient-derived ECs from inducible pluripotent stem cells or endothelial progenitor cells are likely to advance the understanding of ARDS and lead to development of therapeutics. This review 1) summarizes the advantages and pitfalls of EC cultures to study vascular leak in ARDS, 2) provides an overview of elements of the microvascular environment that can directly affect endothelial barrier function, and 3) discusses alternative methods to bridge the gap between basic research and clinical application with the intent of improving the translational value of present EC culture approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurjan Aman
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Ester M Weijers
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Geerten P van Nieuw Amerongen
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Asrar B Malik
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Victor W M van Hinsbergh
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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24
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Tasev D, Koolwijk P, van Hinsbergh VWM. Therapeutic Potential of Human-Derived Endothelial Colony-Forming Cells in Animal Models. Tissue Eng Part B Rev 2016; 22:371-382. [PMID: 27032435 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2016.0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Tissue regeneration requires proper vascularization. In vivo studies identified that the endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs), a subtype of endothelial progenitor cells that can be isolated from umbilical cord or peripheral blood, represent a promising cell source for therapeutic neovascularization. ECFCs not only are able to initiate and facilitate neovascularization in diseased tissue but also can, by acting in a paracrine manner, contribute to the creation of favorable conditions for efficient and appropriate differentiation of tissue-resident stem or progenitor cells. This review outlines the progress in the field of in vivo regenerative and tissue engineering studies and surveys why, when, and how ECFCs can be used for tissue regeneration. RECENT FINDINGS Reviewed literature that regard human-derived ECFCs in xenogeneic animal models implicates that ECFCs should be considered as an endothelial cell source of preference for induction of neovascularization. Their neovascularization and regenerative potential is augmented in combination with other types of stem or progenitor cells. Biocompatible scaffolds prevascularized with ECFCs interconnect faster and better with the host vasculature. The physical incorporation of ECFCs in newly formed blood vessels grants prolonged release of trophic factors of interest, which also makes ECFCs an interesting cell source candidate for gene therapy and delivery of bioactive compounds in targeted area. SUMMARY ECFCs possess all biological features to be considered as a cell source of preference for tissue engineering and repair of blood supply. Investigation of regenerative potential of ECFCs in autologous settings in large animal models before clinical application is the next step to clearly outline the most efficient strategy for using ECFCs as treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitar Tasev
- 1 Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam , Amsterdam, The Netherlands .,2 A-Skin Nederland BV , Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter Koolwijk
- 1 Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam , Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Victor W M van Hinsbergh
- 1 Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam , Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Tasev D, Konijnenberg LSF, Amado-Azevedo J, van Wijhe MH, Koolwijk P, van Hinsbergh VWM. CD34 expression modulates tube-forming capacity and barrier properties of peripheral blood-derived endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs). Angiogenesis 2016; 19:325-38. [PMID: 27043316 PMCID: PMC4930476 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-016-9506-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFC) are grown from circulating CD34+ progenitors present in adult peripheral blood, but during in vitro expansion part of the cells lose CD34. To evaluate whether the regulation of CD34 characterizes the angiogenic phenotypical features of PB-ECFCs, we investigated the properties of CD34+ and CD34− ECFCs with respect to their ability to form capillary-like tubes in 3D fibrin matrices, tip-cell gene expression, and barrier integrity. Selection of CD34+ and CD34− ECFCs from subcultured ECFCs was accomplished by magnetic sorting (FACS: CD34+: 95 % pos; CD34−: 99 % neg). Both fractions proliferated at same rate, while CD34+ ECFCs exhibited higher tube-forming capacity and tip-cell gene expression than CD34− cells. However, during cell culture CD34− cells re-expressed CD34. Cell-seeding density, cell–cell contact formation, and serum supplements modulated CD34 expression. CD34 expression in ECFCs was strongly suppressed by newborn calf serum. Stimulation with FGF-2, VEGF, or HGF prepared in medium supplemented with 3 % albumin did not change CD34 mRNA or surface expression. Silencing of CD34 with siRNA resulted in strengthening of cell–cell contacts and increased barrier function of ECFC monolayers as measured by ECIS. Furthermore, CD34 siRNA reduced tube formation by ECFC, but did not affect tip-cell gene expression. These findings demonstrate that CD34+ and CD34− cells are different phenotypes of similar cells and that CD34 (1) can be regulated in ECFC; (2) is positively involved in capillary-like sprout formation; (3) is associated but not causally related to tip-cell gene expression; and (4) can affect endothelial barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitar Tasev
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,A-Skin Nederland BV, De Boelelaan 1117, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lara S F Konijnenberg
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joana Amado-Azevedo
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel H van Wijhe
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter Koolwijk
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Victor W M van Hinsbergh
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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van Hinsbergh VWM, Eringa EC, Daemen MJAP. Neovascularization of the atherosclerotic plaque: interplay between atherosclerotic lesion, adventitia-derived microvessels and perivascular fat. Curr Opin Lipidol 2015; 26:405-11. [PMID: 26241102 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0000000000000210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Neovascularization is a prominent feature in advanced human atherosclerotic plaques. This review surveys recent evidence for and remaining uncertainties regarding a role of neovascularization in atherosclerotic plaque progression. Specific emphasis is given to hypoxia, angiogenesis inhibition, and perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT). RECENT FINDINGS Immunohistochemical and imaging studies showed a strong association between hypoxia, inflammation and neovascularization, and the progression of the atherosclerotic plaque both in humans and mice. Whereas in humans, a profound invasion of microvessels from the adventitia into the plaque occurs, neovascularization in mice is found mainly (peri)adventitially. Influencing neovascularization in mice affected plaque progression, possibly by improving vessel perfusion, but supportive clinical data are not available. Whereas plaque neovascularization contributes to monocyte/macrophage accumulation in the plaque, lymphangiogenesis may facilitate egress of cells and waste products. A specific role for PVAT and its secreted factors is anticipated and wait further clinical evaluation. SUMMARY Hypoxia, inflammation, and plaque neovascularization are associated with plaque progression as underpinned by recent imaging data in humans. Recent studies provide new insights into modulation of adventitia-associated angiogenesis, PVAT, and plaque development in mice, but there is still a need for detailed information on modulating human plaque vascularization in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor W M van Hinsbergh
- aLaboratory for Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center bDepartment of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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27
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de Boer MP, Meijer RI, Richter EA, van Nieuw Amerongen GP, Sipkema P, van Poelgeest EM, Aman J, Kokhuis TJA, Koolwijk P, van Hinsbergh VWM, Smulders YM, Serné EH, Eringa EC. Globular adiponectin controls insulin-mediated vasoreactivity in muscle through AMPKα2. Vascul Pharmacol 2015; 78:24-35. [PMID: 26363472 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Decreased tissue perfusion increases the risk of developing insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease in obesity, and decreased levels of globular adiponectin (gAdn) have been proposed to contribute to this risk. We hypothesized that gAdn controls insulin's vasoactive effects through AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), specifically its α2 subunit, and studied the mechanisms involved. In healthy volunteers, we found that decreased plasma gAdn levels in obese subjects associate with insulin resistance and reduced capillary perfusion during hyperinsulinemia. In cultured human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC), gAdn increased AMPK activity. In isolated muscle resistance arteries gAdn uncovered insulin-induced vasodilation by selectively inhibiting insulin-induced activation of ERK1/2, and the AMPK inhibitor compound C as well as genetic deletion of AMPKα2 blunted insulin-induced vasodilation. In HMEC deletion of AMPKα2 abolished insulin-induced Ser(1177) phosphorylation of eNOS. In mice we confirmed that AMPKα2 deficiency decreases insulin sensitivity, and this was accompanied by decreased muscle microvascular blood volume during hyperinsulinemia in vivo. This impairment was accompanied by a decrease in arterial Ser(1177) phosphorylation of eNOS, which closely related to AMPK activity. In conclusion, globular adiponectin controls muscle perfusion during hyperinsulinemia through AMPKα2, which determines the balance between NO and ET-1 activity in muscle resistance arteries. Our findings provide a novel mechanism linking reduced gAdn-AMPK signaling to insulin resistance and impaired organ perfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel P de Boer
- Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Cardiovascular Research (ICaR-VU), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rick I Meijer
- Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Cardiovascular Research (ICaR-VU), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik A Richter
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Geerten P van Nieuw Amerongen
- Laboratory for Physiology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Cardiovascular Research (ICaR-VU), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter Sipkema
- Laboratory for Physiology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Cardiovascular Research (ICaR-VU), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik M van Poelgeest
- Laboratory for Physiology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Cardiovascular Research (ICaR-VU), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jurjan Aman
- Laboratory for Physiology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Cardiovascular Research (ICaR-VU), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tom J A Kokhuis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter Koolwijk
- Laboratory for Physiology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Cardiovascular Research (ICaR-VU), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Victor W M van Hinsbergh
- Laboratory for Physiology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Cardiovascular Research (ICaR-VU), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yvo M Smulders
- Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Cardiovascular Research (ICaR-VU), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik H Serné
- Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Cardiovascular Research (ICaR-VU), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Etto C Eringa
- Laboratory for Physiology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Cardiovascular Research (ICaR-VU), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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28
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Meijer RI, Serné EH, Korkmaz HI, van der Peet DL, de Boer MP, Niessen HWM, van Hinsbergh VWM, Yudkin JS, Smulders YM, Eringa EC. Insulin-induced changes in skeletal muscle microvascular perfusion are dependent upon perivascular adipose tissue in women. Diabetologia 2015; 58:1907-15. [PMID: 26003324 PMCID: PMC4499111 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-015-3606-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Obesity increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, partly through reduced insulin-induced microvascular vasodilation, which causes impairment of glucose delivery and uptake. We studied whether perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) controls insulin-induced vasodilation in human muscle, and whether altered properties of PVAT relate to reduced insulin-induced vasodilation in obesity. METHODS Insulin-induced microvascular recruitment was measured using contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEU), before and during a hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp in 15 lean and 18 obese healthy women (18-55 years). Surgical skeletal muscle biopsies were taken on a separate day to study perivascular adipocyte size in histological slices, as well as to study ex vivo insulin-induced vasoreactivity in microvessels in the absence and presence of PVAT in the pressure myograph. Statistical mediation of the relation between BMI and microvascular recruitment by PVAT was studied in a mediation model. RESULTS Obese women showed impaired insulin-induced microvascular recruitment and lower metabolic insulin sensitivity compared with lean women. Microvascular recruitment was a mediator in the association between obesity and insulin sensitivity. Perivascular adipocyte size, determined in skeletal muscle biopsies, was larger in obese than in lean women, and statistically explained the difference in microvascular recruitment between obese and lean women. PVAT from lean women enhanced insulin-induced vasodilation in isolated skeletal muscle resistance arteries, while PVAT from obese women revealed insulin-induced vasoconstriction. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION PVAT from lean women enhances insulin-induced vasodilation and microvascular recruitment whereas PVAT from obese women does not. PVAT adipocyte size partly explains the difference in insulin-induced microvascular recruitment between lean and obese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick I Meijer
- Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center and Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, room 4A72, Postbus 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, the Netherlands,
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Beckers CML, Knezevic N, Valent ET, Tauseef M, Krishnan R, Rajendran K, Hardin CC, Aman J, van Bezu J, Sweetnam P, van Hinsbergh VWM, Mehta D, van Nieuw Amerongen GP. ROCK2 primes the endothelium for vascular hyperpermeability responses by raising baseline junctional tension. Vascul Pharmacol 2015; 70:45-54. [PMID: 25869521 PMCID: PMC4606924 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2015.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Rho kinase mediates the effects of inflammatory permeability factors by increasing actomyosin-generated traction forces on endothelial adherens junctions, resulting in disassembly of intercellular junctions and increased vascular leakage. In vitro, this is accompanied by the Rho kinase-driven formation of prominent radial F-actin fibers, but the in vivo relevance of those F-actin fibers has been debated, suggesting other Rho kinase-mediated events to occur in vascular leak. Here, we delineated the contributions of the highly homologous isoforms of Rho kinase (ROCK1 and ROCK2) to vascular hyperpermeability responses. We show that ROCK2, rather than ROCK1 is the critical Rho kinase for regulation of thrombin receptor-mediated vascular permeability. Novel traction force mapping in endothelial monolayers, however, shows that ROCK2 is not required for the thrombin-induced force enhancements. Rather, ROCK2 is pivotal to baseline junctional tension as a novel mechanism by which Rho kinase primes the endothelium for hyperpermeability responses, independent from subsequent ROCK1-mediated contractile stress-fiber formation during the late phase of the permeability response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cora M L Beckers
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nebojsa Knezevic
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois, College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Erik T Valent
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mohammad Tauseef
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois, College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Ramaswamy Krishnan
- Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kavitha Rajendran
- Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C Corey Hardin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jurjan Aman
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan van Bezu
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Sweetnam
- Surface Logix-737, Concord Ave., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Victor W M van Hinsbergh
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dolly Mehta
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois, College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Geerten P van Nieuw Amerongen
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois, College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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Tasev D, van Wijhe MH, Weijers EM, van Hinsbergh VWM, Koolwijk P. Long-Term Expansion in Platelet Lysate Increases Growth of Peripheral Blood-Derived Endothelial-Colony Forming Cells and Their Growth Factor-Induced Sprouting Capacity. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129935. [PMID: 26076450 PMCID: PMC4468160 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Efficient implementation of peripheral blood-derived endothelial-colony cells (PB-ECFCs) as a therapeutical tool requires isolation and generation of a sufficient number of cells in ex vivo conditions devoid of animal-derived products. At present, little is known how the isolation and expansion procedure in xenogeneic-free conditions affects the therapeutical capacity of PB-ECFCs. Results The findings presented in this study indicate that human platelet lysate (PL) as a serum substitute yields twice more colonies per mL blood compared to the conventional isolation with fetal bovine serum (FBS). Isolated ECFCs displayed a higher proliferative ability in PL supplemented medium than cells in FBS medium during 30 days expansion. The cells at 18 cumulative population doubling levels (CPDL) retained their proliferative capacity, showed higher sprouting ability in fibrin matrices upon stimulation with FGF-2 and VEGF-A than the cells at 6 CPDL, and displayed low β-galactosidase activity. The increased sprouting of PB-ECFCs at 18 CPDL was accompanied by an intrinsic activation of the uPA/uPAR fibrinolytic system. Induced deficiency of uPA (urokinase-type plasminogen activator) or uPAR (uPA receptor) by siRNA technology completely abolished the angiogenic ability of PB-ECFCs in fibrin matrices. During the serial expansion, the gene induction of the markers associated with inflammatory activation such as VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 did not occur or only to limited extent. While further propagation up to 31 CPDL proceeded at a comparable rate, a marked upregulation of inflammatory markers occurred in all donors accompanied by a further increase of uPA/uPAR gene induction. The observed induction of inflammatory genes at later stages of long-term propagation of PB-ECFCs underpins the necessity to determine the right time-point for harvesting of sufficient number of cells with preserved therapeutical potential. Conclusion The presented isolation method and subsequent cell expansion in platelet lysate supplemented culture medium permits suitable large-scale propagation of PB-ECFC. For optimal use of PB-ECFCs in clinical settings, our data suggest that 15–20 CPDL is the most adequate maturation stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitar Tasev
- Dept. of Physiology, ICaR-VU, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel H. van Wijhe
- Dept. of Physiology, ICaR-VU, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ester M. Weijers
- Dept. of Physiology, ICaR-VU, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Pieter Koolwijk
- Dept. of Physiology, ICaR-VU, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Sipkens JA, Hahn N, van den Brand CS, Meischl C, Cillessen SAGM, Smith DEC, Juffermans LJM, Musters RJP, Roos D, Jakobs C, Blom HJ, Smulders YM, Krijnen PAJ, Stehouwer CDA, Rauwerda JA, van Hinsbergh VWM, Niessen HWM. Homocysteine-induced apoptosis in endothelial cells coincides with nuclear NOX2 and peri-nuclear NOX4 activity. Cell Biochem Biophys 2014; 67:341-52. [PMID: 22038300 PMCID: PMC3825580 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-011-9297-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis of endothelial cells related to homocysteine (Hcy) has been reported in several studies. In this study, we evaluated whether reactive oxygen species (ROS)-producing signaling pathways contribute to Hcy-induced apoptosis induction, with specific emphasis on NADPH oxidases. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were incubated with 0.01–2.5 mM Hcy. We determined the effect of Hcy on caspase-3 activity, annexin V positivity, intracellular NOX1, NOX2, NOX4, and p47phox expression and localization, nuclear nitrotyrosine accumulation, and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). Hcy induced caspase-3 activity and apoptosis; this effect was concentration dependent and maximal after 6-h exposure to 2.5 mM Hcy. It was accompanied by a significant increase in ΔΨm. Cysteine was inactive on these parameters excluding a reactive thiol group effect. Hcy induced an increase in cellular NOX2, p47phox, and NOX4, but not that of NOX1. 3D digital imaging microscopy followed by image deconvolution analysis showed nuclear accumulation of NOX2 and p47phox in endothelial cells exposed to Hcy, but not in control cells, which coincided with accumulation of nuclear nitrotyrosine residues. Furthermore, Hcy enhanced peri-nuclear localization of NOX4 coinciding with accumulation of peri-nuclear nitrotyrosine residues, a reflection of local ROS production. p47phox was also increased in the peri-nuclear region. The Hcy-induced increase in caspase-3 activity was prevented by DPI and apocynin, suggesting involvement of NOX activity. The data presented in this article reveal accumulation of nuclear NOX2 and peri-nuclear NOX4 accumulation as potential source of ROS production in Hcy-induced apoptosis in endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Sipkens
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Centre, Room 0E46, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Szulcek R, Beckers CML, Hodzic J, de Wit J, Chen Z, Grob T, Musters RJP, Minshall RD, van Hinsbergh VWM, van Nieuw Amerongen GP. Localized RhoA GTPase activity regulates dynamics of endothelial monolayer integrity. Cardiovasc Res 2013; 99:471-82. [PMID: 23536606 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvt075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Endothelial cells (ECs) control vascular permeability by forming a monolayer that is sealed by extracellular junctions. Various mediators modulate the endothelial barrier by acting on junctional protein complexes and the therewith connected F-actin cytoskeleton. Different Rho GTPases participate in this modulation, but their mechanisms are still partly resolved. Here, we aimed to elucidate whether the opening and closure of the endothelial barrier are associated with distinct localized RhoA activities at the subcellular level. METHODS AND RESULTS Live fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) microscopy revealed spatially distinct RhoA activities associated with different aspects of the regulation of endothelial monolayer integrity. Unstimulated ECs were characterized by hotspots of RhoA activity at their periphery. Thrombin receptor activation in the femoral vein of male wistar rats and in cultured ECs enhanced RhoA activity at membrane protrusions, followed by a more sustained RhoA activity associated with cytoplasmic F-actin filaments, where prolonged RhoA activity coincided with cellular contractility. Unexpectedly, thrombin-induced peripheral RhoA hotspots were not spatially correlated to the formation of large inter-endothelial gaps. Rather, spontaneous RhoA activity at membrane protrusions coincided with the closure of inter-endothelial gaps. Electrical impedance measurements showed that RhoA signalling is essential for this protrusive activity and maintenance of barrier restoration. CONCLUSION Spontaneous RhoA activity at membrane protrusions is spatially associated with closure, but not formation of inter-endothelial gaps, whereas RhoA activity at distant contractile filaments contributes to thrombin-induced disruption of junctional integrity. Thus, these data indicate that distinct RhoA activities are associated with disruption and re-annealing of endothelial junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Szulcek
- Department for Physiology, VU University Medical Center, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, van der Boechorststraat 7, Amsterdam 1108 BH, The Netherlands
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Eringa EC, Serne EH, Meijer RI, Schalkwijk CG, Houben AJHM, Stehouwer CDA, Smulders YM, van Hinsbergh VWM. Endothelial dysfunction in (pre)diabetes: characteristics, causative mechanisms and pathogenic role in type 2 diabetes. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2013; 14:39-48. [PMID: 23417760 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-013-9239-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction associated with diabetes and cardiovascular disease is characterized by changes in vasoregulation, enhanced generation of reactive oxygen intermediates, inflammatory activation, and altered barrier function. These endothelial alterations contribute to excess cardiovascular disease in diabetes, but may also play a role in the pathogenesis of diabetes, especially type 2. The mechanisms underlying endothelial dysfunction in diabetes differ between type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D): hyperglycemia contributes to endothelial dysfunction in all individuals with diabetes, whereas the causative mechanisms in T2D also include impaired insulin signaling in endothelial cells, dyslipidemia and altered secretion of bioactive substances (adipokines) by adipose tissue. The close association of so-called perivascular adipose tissue with arteries and arterioles facilitates the exposure of vascular endothelium to adipokines, particularly if inflammation activates the adipose tissue. Glucose and adipokines activate specific intracellular signaling pathways in endothelium, which in concert result in endothelial dysfunction in diabetes. Here, we review the characteristics of endothelial dysfunction in diabetes, the causative mechanisms involved and the role of endothelial dysfunction(s) in the pathogenesis of T2D. Finally, we will discuss the therapeutic potential of endothelial dysfunction in T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etto C Eringa
- Departments of Physiology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Aman J, van Bezu J, Damanafshan A, Huveneers S, Eringa EC, Vogel SM, Groeneveld ABJ, Vonk Noordegraaf A, van Hinsbergh VWM, van Nieuw Amerongen GP. Effective treatment of edema and endothelial barrier dysfunction with imatinib. Circulation 2012; 126:2728-38. [PMID: 23099479 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.112.134304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue edema and endothelial barrier dysfunction as observed in sepsis and acute lung injury carry high morbidity and mortality, but currently lack specific therapy. In a recent case report, we described fast resolution of pulmonary edema on treatment with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib through an unknown mechanism. Here, we explored the effect of imatinib on endothelial barrier dysfunction and edema formation. METHODS AND RESULTS We evaluated the effect of imatinib on endothelial barrier function in vitro and in vivo. In human macro- and microvascular endothelial monolayers, imatinib attenuated endothelial barrier dysfunction induced by thrombin and histamine. Small interfering RNA knock-downs of the imatinib-sensitive kinases revealed that imatinib attenuates endothelial barrier dysfunction via inhibition of Abl-related gene kinase (Arg/Abl2), a previously unknown mediator of endothelial barrier dysfunction. Indeed, Arg was activated by endothelial stimulation with thrombin, histamine, and vascular endothelial growth factor. Imatinib limited Arg-mediated endothelial barrier dysfunction by enhancing Rac1 activity and enforcing adhesion of endothelial cells to the extracellular matrix. Using mouse models of vascular leakage as proof-of-concept, we found that pretreatment with imatinib protected against vascular endothelial growth factor-induced vascular leakage in the skin, and effectively prevented edema formation in the lungs. In a murine model of sepsis, imatinib treatment (6 hours and 18 hours after induction of sepsis) attenuated vascular leakage in the kidneys and the lungs (24 hours after induction of sepsis). CONCLUSIONS Thus, imatinib prevents endothelial barrier dysfunction and edema formation via inhibition of Arg. These findings identify imatinib as a promising approach to permeability edema and indicate Arg as novel target for edema treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurjan Aman
- Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Fijneman RJA, de Wit M, Pourghiasian M, Piersma SR, Pham TV, Warmoes MO, Lavaei M, Piso C, Smit F, Delis-van Diemen PM, van Turenhout ST, Terhaar sive Droste JS, Mulder CJJ, Blankenstein MA, Robanus-Maandag EC, Smits R, Fodde R, van Hinsbergh VWM, Meijer GA, Jimenez CR. Proximal fluid proteome profiling of mouse colon tumors reveals biomarkers for early diagnosis of human colorectal cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 18:2613-24. [PMID: 22351690 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-11-1937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Early detection of colorectal cancer (CRC) and its precursor lesions is an effective approach to reduce CRC mortality rates. This study aimed to identify novel protein biomarkers for the early diagnosis of CRC. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Proximal fluids are a rich source of candidate biomarkers as they contain high concentrations of tissue-derived proteins. The FabplCre;Apc(15lox/+) mouse model represents early-stage development of human sporadic CRC. Proximal fluids were collected from normal colon and colon tumors and subjected to in-depth proteome profiling by tandem mass spectrometry. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and CHI3L1 human serum protein levels were determined by ELISA. RESULTS Of the 2,172 proteins identified, quantitative comparison revealed 192 proteins that were significantly (P < 0.05) and abundantly (>5-fold) more excreted by tumors than by controls. Further selection for biomarkers with highest specificity and sensitivity yielded 52 candidates, including S100A9, MCM4, and four other proteins that have been proposed as candidate biomarkers for human CRC screening or surveillance, supporting the validity of our approach. For CHI3L1, we verified that protein levels were significantly increased in sera from patients with adenomas and advanced adenomas compared with control individuals, in contrast to the CRC biomarker CEA. CONCLUSION These data show that proximal fluid proteome profiling with a mouse tumor model is a powerful approach to identify candidate biomarkers for early diagnosis of human cancer, exemplified by increased CHI3L1 protein levels in sera from patients with CRC precursor lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remond J A Fijneman
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Eringa EC, Bakker W, van Hinsbergh VWM. Paracrine regulation of vascular tone, inflammation and insulin sensitivity by perivascular adipose tissue. Vascul Pharmacol 2012; 56:204-9. [PMID: 22366250 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2012.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Revised: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A small amount of adipose tissue associated with small arteries and arterioles is encountered both in mice and man. This perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) has a paracrine effect on the vascular tone regulation. PVAT is expanded in obesity and in diabetes. This expansion not only involves enlargement of fat cells, but also the accumulation of inflammatory cells and a shift in the production of adipokines and cytokines. This effect is illustrated in this review by the effect of PVAT-derived factors of insulin-mediated vasoregulation in mouse resistance arteries. Insulin sensitivity of endothelial cells is also involved in the insulin-mediated regulation of muscle glucose uptake. Insulin affects vasoregulation by acting on different signaling pathways regulating NO and endothelin-1 release. This process is influenced by various adipokines and inflammatory mediators released from PVAT, and is affected by the degree of expansion and content of inflammatory cells. It is modulated by adiponectin (via 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, AMPK), TNFα (via c-jun N-terminal kinase) and free fatty acids (via protein kinase C-θ). PVAT thus provides an important site of control of vascular (dys)function in obesity and type 2 diabetes. An altered profile of adipokine and cytokine production by PVAT of resistance arteries may also contribute to or modulate hypertension, but a causal role in hypertension has still to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etto C Eringa
- Laboratory for Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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van der Veldt AAM, Vroling L, de Haas RR, Koolwijk P, van den Eertwegh AJM, Haanen JBAG, van Hinsbergh VWM, Broxterman HJ, Boven E. Sunitinib-induced changes in circulating endothelial cell-related proteins in patients with metastatic renal cell cancer. Int J Cancer 2011; 131:E484-93. [PMID: 21953673 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.26456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Accepted: 09/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors are effective agents in the treatment of metastatic renal cell cancer (mRCC). We here investigated whether inhibition of VEGFR signalin by sunitinib causes changes in plasma proteins associated with tumor endothelium. Forty-three patients with mRCC received sunitinib 50 mg/day in a 4-weeks on 2-weeks off schedule. Sequential plasma samples were obtained before treatment (C1D1), on C1D14, on C1D28, and on C2D1 before start of cycle 2. Plasma levels were assessed for VEGF, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), soluble intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), von Willebrand factor (vWF), circulating angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) and soluble Tie-2 (sTie-2). Total tumor burden was calculated at baseline and at first evaluation. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were determined. Tumor burden was positively associated with baseline circulating Ang-2 [Spearman's rho (ρ) = 0.378, p = 0.028] and vWF (ρ = 0.417, p = 0.008). During sunitinib treatment, circulating Ang-2 and sTie-2 significantly decreased (p < 0.001 for both), plasma levels of sVCAM-1 and VEGF significantly increased (p = 0.022 and p < 0.001), whereas those of sICAM-1 and vWF remained stable. These protein changes had recovered on C2D1. The reduction in circulating Ang-2 levels on C1D28 was positively correlated with the percentage decrease in tumor burden (ρ = 0.605; p = 0.002). Baseline protein levels and subsequent changes were not associated with PFS or OS. In conclusion, sunitinib-induced changes in Ang-2, sTie-2, sVCAM-1 and VEGF are related to the administration schedule, while reduction in Ang-2 is also associated with decrease in tumor burden.
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Sipkens JA, Hahn NE, van Nieuw-Amerongen GP, Stehouwer CDA, Rauwerda JA, van Hinsbergh VWM, Niessen HWM, Krijnen PAJ. Homocysteine induces phosphatidylserine exposure in cardiomyocytes through inhibition of Rho kinase and flippase activity. Cell Physiol Biochem 2011; 28:53-62. [PMID: 21865848 DOI: 10.1159/000331713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Increased levels of homocysteine (Hcy) form an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. In a previous study we have shown that Hcy induced phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure to the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane in cardiomyocytes, inducing a pro-inflammatory phenotype. In the present study the mechanism(s) involved in Hcy-induced PS exposure were analyzed. METHODS H9c2 rat cardiomyoblasts were subjected to 2.5 mM D,L-Hcy and analyzed for RhoA translocation and activity, Rho Kinase (ROCK) activity and expression and flippase activity. In addition, the effect of ROCK inhibition with Y27632 on Hcy-induced PS exposure and flippase activity was analyzed. Furthermore, GTP and ATP levels were determined. RESULTS Incubation of H9c2 cells with 2.5 mM D,L-Hcy did not inhibit RhoA translocation to the plasma membrane. Neither did it inhibit activation of RhoA, even though GTP levels were significantly decreased. Hcy did significantly inhibit ROCK activation, but not its expression, and did inhibit flippase activity, in advance of a significant decrease in ATP levels. ROCK inhibition via Y27632 did not have significant added effects on this. CONCLUSION Hcy induced PS exposure in the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane in cardiomyocytes via inhibition of ROCK and flippase activity. As such Hcy may induce cardiomyocytes vulnerable to inflammation in vivo in hyperhomocysteinaemia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Sipkens
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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van der Heijden M, van Nieuw Amerongen GP, van Bezu J, Paul MA, Groeneveld ABJ, van Hinsbergh VWM. Opposing effects of the angiopoietins on the thrombin-induced permeability of human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells. PLoS One 2011; 6:e23448. [PMID: 21858121 PMCID: PMC3156229 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) is associated with lung injury in ALI/ARDS. As endothelial activation by thrombin plays a role in the permeability of acute lung injury and Ang-2 may modulate the kinetics of thrombin-induced permeability by impairing the organization of vascular endothelial (VE-)cadherin, and affecting small Rho GTPases in human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMVECs), we hypothesized that Ang-2 acts as a sensitizer of thrombin-induced hyperpermeability of HPMVECs, opposed by Ang-1. Methodology/Principal Findings Permeability was assessed by measuring macromolecule passage and transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER). Angiopoietins did not affect basal permeability. Nevertheless, they had opposing effects on the thrombin-induced permeability, in particular in the initial phase. Ang-2 enhanced the initial permeability increase (passage, P = 0.010; TEER, P = 0.021) in parallel with impairment of VE-cadherin organization without affecting VE-cadherin Tyr685 phosphorylation or increasing RhoA activity. Ang-2 also increased intercellular gap formation. Ang-1 preincubation increased Rac1 activity, enforced the VE-cadherin organization, reduced the initial thrombin-induced permeability (TEER, P = 0.027), while Rac1 activity simultaneously normalized, and reduced RhoA activity at 15 min thrombin exposure (P = 0.039), but not at earlier time points. The simultaneous presence of Ang-2 largely prevented the effect of Ang-1 on TEER and macromolecule passage. Conclusions/Significance Ang-1 attenuated thrombin-induced permeability, which involved initial Rac1 activation-enforced cell-cell junctions, and later RhoA inhibition. In addition to antagonizing Ang-1, Ang-2 had also a direct effect itself. Ang-2 sensitized the initial thrombin-induced permeability accompanied by destabilization of VE-cadherin junctions and increased gap formation, in the absence of increased RhoA activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie van der Heijden
- Department of Intensive Care, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Geerten P. van Nieuw Amerongen
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Jan van Bezu
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marinus A. Paul
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A. B. Johan Groeneveld
- Department of Intensive Care, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Victor W. M. van Hinsbergh
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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40
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Abstract
By its strategic position at the interface between blood and tissues, endothelial cells control blood fluidity and continued tissue perfusion while simultaneously they direct inflammatory cells to areas in need of defense or repair. The endothelial response depends on specific tissue needs and adapts to local stresses. Endothelial cells counteract coagulation by providing tissue factor and thrombin inhibitors and receptors for protein C activation. The receptor PAR-1 is differentially activated by thrombin and the activated protein C/EPCR complex, resulting in antithrombotic and anti-inflammatory effects. Thrombin and vasoactive agents release von Willebrand factor as ultra-large platelet-binding multimers, which are cleaved by ADAMTS13. Platelets can also facilitate leukocyte-endothelium interaction. Platelet activation is prevented by nitric oxide, prostacyclin, and exonucleotidases. Thrombin-cleaved ADAMTS18 induces disintegration of platelet aggregates while tissue-type plasminogen activator initiates fibrinolysis. Fibrin and products of platelets and inflammatory cells modulate the angiogenic response of endothelial cells and contribute to tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor W M van Hinsbergh
- Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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41
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Sipkens JA, Krijnen PAJ, Hahn NE, Wassink M, Meischl C, Smith DEC, Musters RJP, Stehouwer CDA, Rauwerda JA, van Hinsbergh VWM, Niessen HWM. Homocysteine-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and plasma membrane flip-flop are independent of S-adenosylhomocysteine: a crucial role for nuclear p47(phox). Mol Cell Biochem 2011; 358:229-39. [PMID: 21739151 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-011-0973-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We previously found that homocysteine (Hcy) induced plasma membrane flip-flop, apoptosis, and necrosis in cardiomyocytes. Inactivation of flippase by Hcy induced membrane flip-flop, while apoptosis was induced via a NOX2-dependent mechanism. It has been suggested that S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) is the main causative factor in hyperhomocysteinemia (HHC)-induced pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Therefore, we evaluated whether the observed cytotoxic effect of Hcy in cardiomyocytes is SAH dependent. Rat cardiomyoblasts (H9c2 cells) were treated under different conditions: (1) non-treated control (1.5 nM intracellular SAH with 2.8 μM extracellular L -Hcy), (2) incubation with 50 μM adenosine-2,3-dialdehyde (ADA resulting in 83.5 nM intracellular SAH, and 1.6 μM extracellular L -Hcy), (3) incubation with 2.5 mM D, L -Hcy (resulting in 68 nM intracellular SAH and 1513 μM extracellular L -Hcy) with or without 10 μM reactive oxygen species (ROS)-inhibitor apocynin, and (4) incubation with 100 nM, 10 μM, and 100 μM SAH. We then determined the effect on annexin V/propodium iodide positivity, flippase activity, caspase-3 activity, intracellular NOX2 and p47(phox) expression and localization, and nuclear ROS production. In contrast to Hcy, ADA did not induce apoptosis, necrosis, or membrane flip-flop. Remarkably, both ADA and Hcy induced a significant increase in nuclear NOX2 expression. However, in contrast to ADA, Hcy additionally induced nuclear p47(phox) expression, increased nuclear ROS production, and inactivated flippase. Incubation with SAH did not have an effect on cell viability, nor on flippase activity, nor on nuclear NOX2-, p47phox expression or nuclear ROS production. HHC-induced membrane flip-flop and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes is due to increased Hcy levels and not primarily related to increased intracellular SAH, which plays a crucial role in nuclear p47(phox) translocation and subsequent ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Sipkens
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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42
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Abstract
Obesity is associated with insulin resistance, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease, but the mechanisms underlying these associations are incompletely understood. Microvascular dysfunction may play an important role in the pathogenesis of both insulin resistance and hypertension in obesity. Adipose tissue-derived substances (adipokines) and especially inflammatory products of adipose tissue control insulin sensitivity and vascular function. In the past years, adipose tissue associated with the vasculature, or perivascular adipose tissue (PAT), has been shown to produce a variety of adipokines that contribute to regulation of vascular tone and local inflammation. This review describes our current understanding of the mechanisms linking perivascular adipose tissue to vascular function, inflammation, and insulin resistance. Furthermore, we will discuss mechanisms controlling the quantity and adipokines secretion by PAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick I. Meijer
- Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik H. Serne
- Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yvo M. Smulders
- Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - John S. Yudkin
- Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Etto C. Eringa
- Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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43
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Weijers EM, Koolwijk P, van Hinsbergh VWM, van Nieuw Amerongen GP. Fibrin β15-42 domain is cryptic in intact fibrinogen: comment on the study by A. Sahni et al. Int J Cancer 2011; 127:2981-2; author reply 2982-6. [PMID: 21351277 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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44
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Krishnan R, Klumpers DD, Park CY, Rajendran K, Trepat X, van Bezu J, van Hinsbergh VWM, Carman CV, Brain JD, Fredberg JJ, Butler JP, van Nieuw Amerongen GP. Substrate stiffening promotes endothelial monolayer disruption through enhanced physical forces. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2010; 300:C146-54. [PMID: 20861463 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00195.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A hallmark of many, sometimes life-threatening, inflammatory diseases and disorders is vascular leakage. The extent and severity of vascular leakage is broadly mediated by the integrity of the endothelial cell (EC) monolayer, which is in turn governed by three major interactions: cell-cell and cell-substrate contacts, soluble mediators, and biomechanical forces. A potentially critical but essentially uninvestigated component mediating these interactions is the stiffness of the substrate to which the endothelial monolayer is adherent. Accordingly, we investigated the extent to which substrate stiffening influences endothelial monolayer disruption and the role of cell-cell and cell-substrate contacts, soluble mediators, and physical forces in that process. Traction force microscopy showed that forces between cell and cell and between cell and substrate were greater on stiffer substrates. On stiffer substrates, these forces were substantially enhanced by a hyperpermeability stimulus (thrombin, 1 U/ml), and gaps formed between cells. On softer substrates, by contrast, these forces were increased far less by thrombin, and gaps did not form between cells. This stiffness-dependent force enhancement was associated with increased Rho kinase activity, whereas inhibition of Rho kinase attenuated baseline forces and lessened thrombin-induced inter-EC gap formation. Our findings demonstrate a central role of physical forces in EC gap formation and highlight a novel physiological mechanism. Integrity of the endothelial monolayer is governed by its physical microenvironment, which in normal circumstances is compliant but during pathology becomes stiffer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramaswamy Krishnan
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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45
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van der Heijden M, van Nieuw Amerongen GP, van Hinsbergh VWM, Groeneveld ABJ. The interaction of soluble Tie2 with angiopoietins and pulmonary vascular permeability in septic and nonseptic critically ill patients. Shock 2010; 33:263-8. [PMID: 19543148 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0b013e3181b2f978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Circulating angiopoietin (Ang) 1 may inhibit and Ang-2 may enhance pulmonary vascular permeability in septic and nonseptic patients with or at risk for acute lung injury or acute respiratory distress syndrome. We hypothesized that the soluble form of the Ang-binding Tie2 receptor (sTie2), whose shedding may be induced by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels, may bind circulating Angs and thereby inhibit their effects on pulmonary vascular permeability. In 24 septic and 40 nonseptic mechanically ventilated patients, sTie2, Ang-1, Ang-2, and VEGF plasma levels were measured together with the pulmonary leak index (PLI) for (67)Gallium-labeled transferrin as a measure of pulmonary vascular permeability. Soluble Tie2 and VEGF levels correlated (r = 0.53, P = 0.001). Soluble Tie2 was higher in septic than in nonseptic patients (7.43 [6.57 - 8.40] vs. 5.03 [4.57 - 5.54] ng/mL; P < 0.001). Soluble Tie2 was associated with the PLI (standardized regression coefficient [beta] = 0.26; P = 0.006) but lost its association with the PLI when the Angs were included in a multivariate model. Soluble Tie2 did not affect the association between Ang-1 or Ang-2 and the PLI (beta = -0.39, P < 0.001; beta = 0.52, P < 0.001, respectively), independently of underlying disease. Although limited to correlations and associations, the clinical data support in vivo shedding of sTie2 through VEGF signaling upon pulmonary vascular injury. However, this shedding may not prevent a direct role of Angs in pulmonary vascular permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie van der Heijden
- Department of Intensive Care, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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46
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Beckers CML, van Hinsbergh VWM, van Nieuw Amerongen GP. Driving Rho GTPase activity in endothelial cells regulates barrier integrity. Thromb Haemost 2010; 103:40-55. [PMID: 20062930 DOI: 10.1160/th09-06-0403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2009] [Accepted: 08/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In the past decade understanding of the role of the Rho GTPases RhoA, Rac1 and Cdc42 has been developed from regulatory proteins that regulate specific actin cytoskeletal structures - stress fibers, lamellipodia and filopodia - to complex integrators of cytoskeletal structures that can exert multiple functions depending on the cellular context. Fundamental to these functions are three-dimensional complexes between the individual Rho GTPases, their specific activators (GEFs) and inhibitors (GDIs and GAPs), which greatly outnumber the Rho GTPases themselves, and additional regulatory proteins. By this complexity of regulation different vasoactive mediators can induce various cytoskeletal structures that enable the endothelial cell (EC) to respond adequately. In this review we have focused on this complexity and the consequences of Rho GTPase regulation for endothelial barrier function. The permeability inducers thrombin and VEGF are presented as examples of G-protein coupled receptor- and tyrosine kinase receptor-mediated Rho GTPase activation, respectively. These mediators induce complex but markedly different networks of activators, inhibitors and effectors of Rho GTPases, which alter the endothelial barrier function. An interesting feature in this regulation is that Rho GTPases often have both barrier-protecting and barrier-disturbing functions. While Rac1 enforces the endothelial junctions, it becomes part of a barrier-disturbing mechanism as activator of reactive oxygen species generating NADPH oxidase. Similarly RhoA is protective under basal conditions, but becomes involved in barrier dysfunction after activation of ECs by thrombin. The challenge and promise lies in unfolding this complex regulation, as this will provide leads for new therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cora M L Beckers
- Department for Physiology, VU University Medical Center, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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47
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Fijneman RJA, Bade LK, Peham JR, van de Wiel MA, van Hinsbergh VWM, Meijer GA, O'Sullivan MG, Cormier RT. Pla2g2a attenuates colon tumorigenesis in azoxymethane-treated C57BL/6 mice; expression studies reveal Pla2g2a target genes and pathways. Cell Oncol 2009; 31:345-56. [PMID: 19759415 PMCID: PMC4619055 DOI: 10.3233/clo-2009-0480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The group IIA secretory phospholipase A2 gene, Pla2g2a, confers resistance to intestinal tumorigenesis in the ApcMin/+ mouse model. However, it is unclear how Pla2g2a exerts its tumor-suppressive effects and whether its mode of action depends on Apc-germline mutations. Methods: We tested whether expression of a Pla2g2a transgene provides protection against carcinogen-induced colon tumors, and examined whether the normal colon microenvironment is modulated by Pla2g2a expression. Results: Pla2g2a strongly inhibited colon tumorigenesis in mice following treatment with the DNA alkylating agent azoxymethane (AOM). Moreover, AOM-induced duodenal tumors were also attenuated by Pla2g2a expression. These tumors demonstrated upregulation of β-catenin, indicative of involvement of the Wnt signaling pathway. Comparison of genome-wide microarray expression profiles of healthy (non-pathologic) colon tissues from Pla2g2a-transgenic to non-transgenic mice revealed 382 genes that were differentially expressed, comprising clusters of genes involved in inflammation and microbial defense, cell signaling and cell cycle, transactivation, apoptosis and mitochondrial function, DNA repair, and lipid and energy metabolism. Pathway analysis using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) indicated that Pla2g2a suppresses the expression of interferon-induced genes. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that Pla2g2a attenuates colon tumorigenesis independent of Apc-germline mutations, and reveal Pla2g2a target genes and pathways in non-pathologic colon microenvironment that influence conditions for colorectal cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remond J A Fijneman
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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48
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van Wijngaarden J, Snoeks TJA, van Beek E, Bloys H, Kaijzel EL, van Hinsbergh VWM, Löwik CWGM. An in vitro model that can distinguish between effects on angiogenesis and on established vasculature: actions of TNP-470, marimastat and the tubulin-binding agent Ang-510. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 391:1161-5. [PMID: 20004648 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.11.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2009] [Accepted: 11/16/2009] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In anti-cancer therapy, current investigations explore the possibility of two different strategies to target tumor vasculature; one aims at interfering with angiogenesis, the process involving the outgrowth of new blood vessels from pre-existing vessels, while the other directs at affecting the already established tumor vasculature. However, the majority of in vitro model systems currently available examine the process of angiogenesis, while the current focus in anti-vascular therapies moves towards exploring the benefit of targeting established vasculature as well. This urges the need for in vitro systems that are able to differentiate between the effects of compounds on angiogenesis as well as on established vasculature. To achieve this, we developed an in vitro model in which effects of compounds on different vascular targets can be studied specifically. Using this model, we examined the actions of the fumagillin derivate TNP-470, the MMP-inhibitor marimastat and the recently developed tubulin-binding agent Ang-510. We show that TNP-470 and marimastat solely inhibited angiogenesis, whereas Ang-510 potently inhibited angiogenesis and caused massive disruption of newly established vasculature. We show that the use of this in vitro model allows for specific and efficient screening of the effects of compounds on different vascular targets, which may facilitate the identification of agents with potential clinical benefit. The indicated differences in the mode of action between marimastat, TNP-470 and Ang-510 to target vasculature are illustrative for this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens van Wijngaarden
- Department of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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49
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van der Heijden M, Pickkers P, van Nieuw Amerongen GP, van Hinsbergh VWM, Bouw MPWJM, van der Hoeven JG, Groeneveld ABJ. Circulating angiopoietin-2 levels in the course of septic shock: relation with fluid balance, pulmonary dysfunction and mortality. Intensive Care Med 2009; 35:1567-74. [PMID: 19551369 PMCID: PMC2726915 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-009-1560-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2009] [Accepted: 06/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate whether angiopoietin-2, von Willebrand factor (VWF) and angiopoietin-1 relate to surrogate indicators of vascular permeability, pulmonary dysfunction and intensive care unit (ICU) mortality throughout the course of septic shock. METHODS In 50 consecutive mechanically ventilated septic shock patients, plasma angiopoietin-2, VWF and angiopoietin-1 levels and fluid balance, partial pressure of oxygen/inspiratory oxygen fraction and the oxygenation index as indicators of vascular permeability and pulmonary dysfunction, respectively, were measured until day 28. RESULTS Angiopoietin-2 positively related to the fluid balance and pulmonary dysfunction, was higher in non-survivors than in survivors and independently predicted non-survival throughout the course of septic shock. VWF inversely related to the fluid balance and pulmonary dysfunction throughout the course of septic shock, was comparable between survivors and non-survivors and predicted non-survival on day 0 only. Angiopoietin-1 positively related to pulmonary dysfunction throughout the course, but did not differ between survivors and non-survivors. CONCLUSIONS In contrast to VWF, plasma angiopoietin-2 positively relates to fluid balance, pulmonary dysfunction and mortality throughout the course of septic shock, in line with a suggested mediator role of the protein.
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50
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Laurens N, Engelse MA, Jungerius C, Löwik CW, van Hinsbergh VWM, Koolwijk P. Single and combined effects of alphavbeta3- and alpha5beta1-integrins on capillary tube formation in a human fibrinous matrix. Angiogenesis 2009; 12:275-85. [PMID: 19449108 PMCID: PMC2752504 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-009-9150-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2008] [Accepted: 04/30/2009] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The fibrinous exudate of a wound or tumor stroma facilitates angiogenesis. We studied the involvement of RGD-binding integrins during tube formation in human plasma-derived fibrin clots and human purified fibrin matrices. Capillary-like tube formation by human microvascular endothelial cells in a 3D plasma-derived fibrinous matrix was induced by FGF-2 and TNF-α and depended largely on cell-bound u-PA and plasmin activities. While tube formation was minimally affected by the addition of either the αvβ3-integrin inhibiting mAb LM609 or the α5-integrin inhibiting mAb IIA1, the general RGD-antagonist echistatin completely inhibited this process. Remarkably, when αvβ3- and α5β1-integrins were inhibited simultaneously, tube formation was reduced by 78%. It was accompanied by a 44% reduction of u-PA antigen accumulation and 41% less production of fibrin degradation products. αvβ5-integrin-blocking antibodies further enhanced the inhibition by mAb LM609 and mAb IIA1 to 94%, but had no effect by themselves. αv-specific cRGD only inhibited angiogenesis when α5β1-integrin was simultaneously blocked. Endostatin mimicked the effect of α5β1-integrin and inhibited tube formation only in the presence of LM609 or cRGD (73 and 80%, respectively). Comparable results were obtained when purified fibrin matrices were used instead of the plasma-derived fibrinous matrices. These data show that blocking of tube formation in a fibrinous exudate requires the simultaneous inhibition of αvβ3- and α5β1-integrins. This may bear impact on attempts to influence angiogenesis in a fibrinous environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Laurens
- Laboratory for Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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