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Sun X, Mei X, Liu Y. Exacerbation of psoriasis induced by Nivolumab in a patient with stage IIIc gastric adenocarcinoma: A case report and literature review. J Transl Autoimmun 2023; 6:100193. [PMID: 36852017 PMCID: PMC9958049 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2023.100193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Nivolumab, the programmed cell death 1 inhibitor, is a kind of immune checkpoint inhibitor commonly used to treat advanced cancers. Unfortunately, such drugs often induce various immune-related adverse events involving different body systems, with psoriasis being one of the skin toxicities. We report the clinical features of an exacerbated psoriasis induced by using nivolumab after three days in a patient with stage IIIc gastric adenocarcinoma. At the same time, we searched 27 case reports published from 2015 to 2021 over the world and systematically summarized the clinical manifestation of a total of 44 cases with psoriasis caused or exacerbated by Nivolumab. Commonly traditional treatment could be useful, and small molecule drugs such as apremilast are effective among some patients. However, more studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of biologics or small molecule drugs in treating psoriasis induced by nivolumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Sun
- Clinical Trial and Cosmetics Testing Center, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210042, China
| | - Xiaole Mei
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immunological Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210042, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Clinical Trial and Cosmetics Testing Center, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210042, China
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Luo Y, Yao Y, Wu P, Zi X, Sun N, He J. Profile of treatment-related adverse events of PD-1 blockade-based therapies in advanced esophageal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2023; 183:103922. [PMID: 36696933 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2023.103922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
PD-1 blockade-based therapies are the most promising treatment for advanced esophageal cancer (EC). It is crucial to investigate the corresponding toxicity profiles of treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore toxicity profiles across different PD-1 blockade-based treatments in EC. A total of 5595 patients from 10 clinical trials were included. The overall rates of TRAEs were 88 % (95 % CI 72.0-95.0), 98.0 % (97.0-99.0), and 79.5 % (74.6-83.7) for all grade TRAEs, 24.0 % (15.0-36.0), 64.0 % (56.0-71.0), and 34.2 % (29.1-39.7) for grade 3 or higher TRAEs in PD-1 blockade alone, PD-1 blockade plus chemotherapy, and dual blockade group, respectively. Compared to chemotherapy, RRs for patients receiving PD-1 blockade-based treatments for all grade TRAEs were 0.96 (93.0-100.0) and 0.75 (60.0-94.0) for grade 3 or higher TRAEs. We exhibited comprehensive statistics on the toxicity of the PD-1 blockade-based regimens, providing useful references for clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuejun Luo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxin Yao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Peng Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Zi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Jie He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Zhang J, Wang S, Zhou Z, Lei C, Yu H, Zeng C, Xia X, Qiao G, Shi Q. Unpleasant symptoms of immunotherapy for people with lung cancer: A mixed-method study. Int J Nurs Stud 2023; 139:104430. [PMID: 36638590 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2022.104430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunotherapy has changed the outlook for lung cancer treatment. A closer look at the accompanying symptoms from the patient's perspective is necessary to improve their tolerance to the treatment, which is also the basis for standardized symptom management. OBJECTIVE To describe the symptomatic experiences of patients receiving immunotherapy for lung cancer and explore whether symptoms reported during immunotherapy were associated with survival outcomes. DESIGN Exploratory sequential mixed-method study. SETTINGS Patients were continuously recruited from the oncology day ward of Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital between October 2019 and January 2020. PARTICIPANTS 59 patients with advanced lung cancer and receiving immunotherapy (median [IQR] age was 64 [58-69]; 72.9 % pathological stage was IV) were included in the study. METHODS A sequential qualitative interview on symptom experiences was conducted from the perspective of lung cancer patients in immunotherapy. Summative content analysis was used to develop a standardized symptom reporting checklist. Survival outcome follow-ups of each patient were conducted 2 years after the interview. RESULTS 47 symptoms were extracted from the 124 interviews of 59 patients, the common symptoms including musculoskeletal pain (52.5 %), itchy skin (45.8 %), fatigue (45.8 %), cough (44.1 %), shortness of breath (32.2 %), lack of appetite (32.2 %), and rashes (32.2 %). The timing, severity, and interference of symptoms were different among patients. The symptoms of shortness of breath, fatigue and chest pain were more common in chemo-immunotherapy, while dry mouth and blurred vision were more frequent with immunotherapy. The symptoms of musculoskeletal pain, shortness of breath, lack of appetite, drowsiness and taste change were more common for those who died two years after the interviews; for those who survived, the symptoms of rash and chill were more common. CONCLUSIONS We generated a symptom list related to lung cancer immunotherapy from the patients, provided a closer look at symptoms from the patient's perspective, and suggested differences in the presence of symptoms between the group of treatment and survival outcome. This enables clinicians and nurses to better understand and empathize with the patient's experience, so as to truly practice the essence of patient-centered care, and provide a basis for the development of standardized symptom measurement tools in the future. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT At least 47 unpleasant symptoms were present in immunotherapy from the perspective of lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sichao Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Department of Clinical Oncology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zihao Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Lei
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongfan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Cheng Zeng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China; The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Xia
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guibing Qiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China; The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Qiuling Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Liu X, Yang L, Tan X. PD-1/PD-L1 pathway: A double-edged sword in periodontitis. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 159:114215. [PMID: 36630848 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a disease caused by infection and immunological imbalance, which often leads to the destruction of periodontal tissue. Programmed death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand: programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) are important "immune checkpoint" proteins that have a negative regulatory effect on T cells and are targets of immunotherapy. Studies have shown that the expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 in patients with periodontitis is higher than that in healthy individuals. The keystone pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) is believed to be the main factor driving the upregulation of PD-1/PD-L1. High expression of PD-1/PD-L1 can inhibit the inflammatory response and reduce the destruction of periodontal supporting tissues, but conversely, it can promote the "immune escape" of P. gingivalis, thus magnifying infections. In addition, the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway is also associated with various diseases, such as cancer and Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we discuss the influence and mechanism of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway as a "double-edged sword" affecting the occurrence and development of periodontitis, as well as its function in periodontitis-related systemic disorders. The PD-1/PD-L1 pathway could be a new avenue for periodontal and its related systemic disorders therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xuelian Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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A Phase 1/2 study of the PD-L1 inhibitor, BGB-A333, alone and in combination with the PD-1 inhibitor, tislelizumab, in patients with advanced solid tumours. Br J Cancer 2023; 128:1418-1428. [PMID: 36797356 PMCID: PMC10070264 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-02128-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many patients do not respond or eventually relapse on treatment with programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) checkpoint inhibitors due to secondary or acquired resistance; therefore, there is a need to investigate novel PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. METHODS This open-label, non-randomised study investigated the safety and anti-tumour activity of BGB-A333, a PD-L1 inhibitor, alone and in combination with tislelizumab in patients with advanced solid tumours with progression during/after standard therapy. The primary objectives were to determine the recommended Phase 2 dose (RP2D), safety and tolerability for BGB-A333 alone and in combination with tislelizumab (Phase 1a/1b) and to determine the overall response rate (ORR) with BGB-A333 plus tislelizumab (Phase 2). RESULTS Overall, 39 patients across Phase 1a (N = 15), 1b (N = 12) and 2 (N = 12) were enroled. In Phase 1a, an RP2D of 1350 mg was determined. In Phase 1a and 1b/2, serious treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were reported in five and eight patients, respectively. Two patients experienced TEAEs that led to death. In Phase 2, the ORR was 41.7% (n = 5/12; 95% confidence interval: 15.17%, 72.33%). CONCLUSIONS TEAEs reported with BGB-A333 were consistent with other PD-L1 inhibitors. Encouraging preliminary anti-tumour activity was observed with BGB-A333 in combination with tislelizumab. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT03379259.
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Sun C, Yin M, Cheng Y, Kuang Z, Liu X, Wang G, Wang X, Yuan K, Min W, Dong J, Hou Y, Hu L, Zhang G, Pei W, Wang L, Sun Y, Yu X, Xiao Y, Deng H, Yang P. Novel Small-Molecule PD-L1 Inhibitor Induces PD-L1 Internalization and Optimizes the Immune Microenvironment. J Med Chem 2023; 66:2064-2083. [PMID: 36579489 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Blocking the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction has become an important strategy for tumor therapy, which has shown outstanding therapeutic effects in clinical settings. However, unsatisfactory response rates and immune-related adverse effects limit the use of anti-PD1/PD-L1 antibodies. Here, we report the discovery and identification of S4-1, an innovative small-molecule inhibitor of PD-L1. In vitro, S4-1 effectively altered the PD-L1/PD-1 interaction, induced PD-L1 dimerization and internalization, improved its localization to endoplasmic reticulum, and thus enhanced the cytotoxicity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells toward tumor cells. In vivo, S4-1 significantly inhibited tumor growth in both lung and colorectal cancer models, particularly in colorectal cancer, where it led to complete clearance of a portion of the tumor cells. Furthermore, S4-1 induced T-cell activation and inversed the inhibitory tumor microenvironment, consistent with the PD-L1/PD-1 pathway blockade. These data support the continued evaluation of S4-1 as an alternative ICB therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengliang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Mingxiao Yin
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Zean Kuang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiaojia Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Gefei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Kai Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Wenjian Min
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jingwen Dong
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yi Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Lingrong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Guoyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Wenli Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Liping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yanze Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xinmiao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yibei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Hongbin Deng
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Peng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
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Dang YC, Kong QT, Wang Z, Sang H. Cutaneous adverse events in lung cancer patients on the therapy based on PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors: A prospective observational cohort study. Curr Probl Cancer 2023; 47:100934. [PMID: 36580870 DOI: 10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2022.100934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM This is a prospective study of cutaneous adverse events (CAEs) in lung cancer patients treated by programmed cell death-1(PD-1) inhibitors and programmed cell death-ligand 1(PD-L1) inhibitors-based single or combination therapy. PATIENTS & METHODS It were included that lung cancer patients who developed CAEs from January 2019 to July 2021 after applying PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in our institution. RESULTS A total of 107 patients with 112 CAEs were enrolled, of which 71 patients received PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy, 31 patients received PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors plus anti-angiogenic/targeted therapy, and 5 patients received PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors monotherapy. The median time to CAEs onset was 8.7w (0.3w-70.7w) for PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy, 10.1w (0.4w-103.0w) for PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors plus anti-angiogenic/targeted therapy, and 13.6w (0.7w-50.6w) for PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors monotherapy. The most common CAEs were reactive cutaneous capillary endothelial proliferation (RCCEP) (30.8%, 33/107), followed by eczematous (21.5%, 23/107) and pruritus only (15.9%, 17/107). 7 patients (6.5%, 7/107) had grade 3-4 CAE. CONCLUSION Most CAEs are mild to moderate and easily controlled. Early diagnosis and intervention for CAEs are important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Chao Dang
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Qing-Tao Kong
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Hong Sang
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China.
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Zhang Y, Yao Q, Pan Y, Fang X, Xu H, Zhao T, Zhu G, Jiang T, Li S, Cao H. Efficacy and Safety of PD-1/PD-L1 Checkpoint Inhibitors versus Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Combined with Other Therapies for Tumors: A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030682. [PMID: 36765640 PMCID: PMC9913120 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In recent years, the anti-programmed cell death protein-1 and its ligand (PD-1/PD-L1) or combination therapies have been recommended as an alternative emerging choice of treatment for oncology patients. However, the efficacy and adverse events of different combination strategies for the treatment of tumors remain controversial. METHODS PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), and the European Society of Medicine Oncology (ESMO) were searched from database inception until 16 February 2022. The endpoints of objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and adverse events (AEs) were analyzed from different treatment schemes and tumor types. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022328927). RESULTS This meta-analysis included forty-eight eligible studies. Combination therapy has improved ORR (RR = 1.40, p < 0.001), DCR (RR = 1.22, p < 0.001), and PFS (the median survival ratio (MSR) was estimated to be 1.475 p < 0.001) compared to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 but had no significant benefit on OS (MSR was estimated to be 1.086 p = 0.117). Besides, combination treatment strategies are more toxic in any grade AEs (RR = 1.13, p < 0.001) and grade 3-5 AEs (RR = 1.81, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Treatment with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in combination with other antitumor therapies improve patients' ORR, DCR, and PFS compared to anti-PD-1/PD-L1. However, it is regrettable that there is no benefit to OS and an increased risk of AEs in combinatorial therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiru Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou 310003, China
- Department of Infectious Disease, Zhoushan Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 739 Dingshen Rd., Zhoushan 316021, China
| | - Qigu Yao
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yong Pan
- Department of Infectious Disease, Zhoushan Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 739 Dingshen Rd., Zhoushan 316021, China
| | - Xinru Fang
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Haoying Xu
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Tingxiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou 310003, China
- Department of Infectious Disease, Zhoushan Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 739 Dingshen Rd., Zhoushan 316021, China
| | - Guangqi Zhu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Zhoushan Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 739 Dingshen Rd., Zhoushan 316021, China
| | - Tianan Jiang
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of Pulsed Power Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Shibo Li
- Department of Infectious Disease, Zhoushan Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 739 Dingshen Rd., Zhoushan 316021, China
- Correspondence: (S.L.); (H.C.); Tel.: +86-571-87236451 (H.C.); Fax: +86-571-87236459 (H.C.)
| | - Hongcui Cao
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-Chemical Injury Diseases of Zhejiang Province, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou 310003, China
- Correspondence: (S.L.); (H.C.); Tel.: +86-571-87236451 (H.C.); Fax: +86-571-87236459 (H.C.)
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Zhang C, Wang L, Xu C, Xu H, Wu Y. Resistance mechanisms of immune checkpoint inhibition in lymphoma: Focusing on the tumor microenvironment. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1079924. [PMID: 36959853 PMCID: PMC10027765 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1079924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the therapeutic strategies of multiple types of malignancies including lymphoma. However, efficiency of ICIs varies dramatically among different lymphoma subtypes, and durable response can only be achieved in a minority of patients, thus requiring unveiling the underlying mechanisms of ICI resistance to optimize the individualized regimens and improve the treatment outcomes. Recently, accumulating evidence has identified potential prognostic factors for ICI therapy, including tumor mutation burden and tumor microenvironment (TME). Given the distinction between solid tumors and hematological malignancies in terms of TME, we here review the clinical updates of ICIs for lymphoma, and focus on the underlying mechanisms for resistance induced by TME, which play important roles in lymphoma and remarkably influence its sensitivity to ICIs. Particularly, we highlight the value of multiple cell populations (e.g., tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, M2 tumor-associated macrophages, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells) and metabolites (e.g., indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase and adenosine) in the TME as prognostic biomarkers for ICI response, and also underline additional potential targets in immunotherapy, such as EZH2, LAG-3, TIM-3, adenosine, and PI3Kδ/γ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlan Zhang
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Leiming Wang
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Center for transnational medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Caigang Xu
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Heng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Research Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Heng Xu, ; Yu Wu,
| | - Yu Wu
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Heng Xu, ; Yu Wu,
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Sun LY, Zhang KJ, Xie YM, Liu JW, Xiao ZQ. Immunotherapies for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1138493. [PMID: 37025485 PMCID: PMC10070708 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1138493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary liver cancer is the second leading cause of tumor-related deaths in China, with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounting for 80%-90% of these. Since there is a lack of symptoms in the early stages of HCC, a large proportion of patients were identified with unresectable HCC when diagnosed. Due to the severe resistance to chemotherapy, patients with advanced HCC were traditionally treated with systematic therapy in the past decades, and the tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) sorafenib has remained the only treatment option for advanced HCC since 2008. Immunotherapies, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), have shown a strong anti-tumor effect and have been supported by several guidelines recently. ICIs, for example programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) inhibitors such as nivolumab and pembrolizumab, programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors such as atezolizumab, and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) inhibitors such as ipilimumab, the ICI-based combination with TKIs, and VEGF-neutralizing antibody or systematic or local anti-tumor therapies, are being further studied in clinical trials. However, immune-related adverse events (irAEs) including cutaneous toxicity, gastrointestinal toxicity, and hepatotoxicity may lead to the termination of ICI treatment or even threaten patients' lives. This review aims to summarize currently available immunotherapies and introduce the irAEs and their managements in order to provide references for clinical application and further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yang Sun
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Center, General Surgery, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kang-Jun Zhang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Center, General Surgery, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ya-Ming Xie
- Cancer Center, General Surgery, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun-Wei Liu
- Cancer Center, General Surgery, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Jun-Wei Liu, ; Zun-Qiang Xiao,
| | - Zun-Qiang Xiao
- Cancer Center, General Surgery, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Jun-Wei Liu, ; Zun-Qiang Xiao,
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Guo X, Chen S, Wang X, Liu X. Immune-related pulmonary toxicities of checkpoint inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer: Diagnosis, mechanism, and treatment strategies. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1138483. [PMID: 37081866 PMCID: PMC10110908 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1138483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) therapy based on programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) has changed the treatment paradigm of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and improved the survival expectancy of patients. However, it also leads to immune-related adverse events (iRAEs), which result in multiple organ damage. Among them, the most common one with the highest mortality in NSCLC patients treated with ICI is checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis (CIP). The respiratory signs of CIP are highly coincident and overlap with those in primary lung cancer, which causes difficulties in detecting, diagnosing, managing, and treating. In clinical management, patients with serious CIP should receive immunosuppressive treatment and even discontinue immunotherapy, which impairs the clinical benefits of ICIs and potentially results in tumor recrudesce. Therefore, accurate diagnosis, detailedly dissecting the pathogenesis, and developing reasonable treatment strategies for CIP are essential to prolong patient survival and expand the application of ICI. Herein, we first summarized the diagnosis strategies of CIP in NSCLC, including the classical radiology examination and the rising serological test, pathology test, and artificial intelligence aids. Then, we dissected the potential pathogenic mechanisms of CIP, including disordered T cell subsets, the increase of autoantibodies, cross-antigens reactivity, and the potential role of other immune cells. Moreover, we explored therapeutic approaches beyond first-line steroid therapy and future direction based on targeted signaling pathways. Finally, we discussed the current impediments, future trends, and challenges in fighting ICI-related pneumonitis.
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Hou J, Xie R, Zhang Z, Liu Q, Xiang Q, Cui Y. Hematologic side effects of immune checkpoint inhibitor with or without chemotherapy in patients with advanced and metastatic gastrointestinal cancer: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of phase 3 trials. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1163971. [PMID: 37033653 PMCID: PMC10073573 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1163971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The regimens of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) alone or with chemotherapy are emerging as systemic therapy for patients with advanced and metastatic gastrointestinal cancers. However, the risk of treatment-related hematologic toxicity stays unclear. Methods: We enrolled in phase 3 randomized clinical trials (RCTs) comparing PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4 inhibitors in advanced and metastatic gastrointestinal cancers. The incidences of overall treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs), discontinuation, leukopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and anemia were extracted for the Bayesian network meta-analysis. Analyses with poor convergence or low incidence were reported as incidences with 95% CIs instead. Results: Sixteen phase 3 RCTs with 9732 patients who received systemic therapy were included. A total of 150 (1.54% [95% CI 1.31-1.80]) treatment-related death events were recorded, whereas 13 (0.13% [95% CI 0.08-0.22]) of them were hematologic. 0.24% (95% CI 0.12-0.48) patients received ICI plus chemotherapy were recorded for hematological deaths, 0.09% (95% CI 0.01-0.23) were for chemotherapy alone, and 0.05% were for ICI alone (95% CI 0.01-0.29). Febrile neutropenia was the most frequent cause of death in ICI with chemotherapy. For grade ≥3 TRAEs, we found nivolumab plus chemotherapy (OR 1.63 [95% CI 0.84-3.17]) had a higher risk than other treatments. Overall, ICI monotherapy led to fewer AEs than chemotherapy-based regimens in the analyses of leukopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and anemia. Among the 11 treatments, toripalimab plus chemotherapy possessed the highest risk in any-grade leukopenia (OR 1.84 [95% CI 0.48, 6.82]) and neutropenia (OR 1.71 [95% CI 0.17, 17.40]) respectively. For grade ≥3 hematologic AEs, neutropenia (20.08% [95% CI 18.67-21.56]) related to ICI plus chemotherapy was the most dominant. ICI plus chemotherapy was likely to increase the incidence than dosing these drugs alone. Conclusion: Using ICI alone had a low incidence of causing hematologic mortality and AEs, while the combination with chemotherapy might magnify the side effects. Comprehensively, pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy and sintilimab plus chemotherapy were the safest regimens in terms of leukopenia and neutropenia respectively. This study will guide clinical practice for ICI-based chemotherapy. Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO, identifier CRD42022380150.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Hou
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiyang Xie
- Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qianxin Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Qian Xiang, ; Yimin Cui,
| | - Yimin Cui
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Qian Xiang, ; Yimin Cui,
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Basudan AM. The Role of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy. Clin Pract 2022; 13:22-40. [PMID: 36648843 PMCID: PMC9844484 DOI: 10.3390/clinpract13010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the years, immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) have become a powerful treatment strategy in the field of cancer immunotherapy. In the last decade, the number of FDA-approved CPIs has been increasing prominently, opening new horizons for the treatment of a wide range of tumor types. Pointedly, three immune checkpoint molecules have been under extensive research, which include cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) and its ligand-1 (PD-L1). Despite remarkable success, not all patients respond positively to therapy, which highlights the complexity of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and immune system. This has led to the identification of molecular biomarkers to predict response and toxicity. In addition, there has been an emerging focus on developing new delivery and targeting approaches for better drug efficacy and potency. In this review, we highlight the mechanism of action of major CPIs, their clinical impact, variation in effectiveness, response prediction, updated clinical indications, current challenges and limitations, promising novel approaches, and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Basudan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
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Dang YC, Liu HB, Wang Z, Zhou YL, Chen J, Kong QT, Sang H. Cutaneous adverse events associated with PD-1 inhibitor-based therapy in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. Future Oncol 2022; 18:3853-3861. [PMID: 36519587 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2022-0888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To analyze the incidence and characteristics of cutaneous adverse events (CAEs) in non-small-cell lung cancer patients treated with PD-1 inhibitor-based therapy. Methods: A total of 150 non-small-cell lung cancer patients under PD-1 inhibitor-based therapy from February 2018 to September 2021 were included and were followed up with regularly. Results: Over one-half of patients (88/150; 58.7%) had CAEs. Reactive cutaneous capillary endothelial proliferation, maculopapular rash and pruritus were the most common CAEs. The incidences of CAEs were 50.0 (18/36), 67.0 (50/75) and 51.3% (20/39) with PD-1 inhibitor monotherapy, PD-1 inhibitor in combination with chemotherapy and PD-1 inhibitor in combination with antivascular/targeted therapy, respectively. Conclusion: CAEs occur frequently in PD-1 inhibitor-based therapy but are generally tolerable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Chao Dang
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, PR China
| | - Hong-Bing Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, PR China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, PR China
| | - Yu-Lin Zhou
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, PR China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210031, PR China
| | - Qing-Tao Kong
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, PR China
| | - Hong Sang
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, PR China
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Song Q, Tang J, Wei Z, Sun L. Prevalence and associated factors of self-reported medical errors and adverse events among operating room nurses in China. Front Public Health 2022; 10:988134. [PMID: 36568794 PMCID: PMC9772881 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.988134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In recent decades, the prominence of medical errors (MEs) and adverse events (AEs) is fueled by several studies performed across the world. Correspondingly, a high prevalence of medical errors and adverse events have been reported. Operating room nurses (ORNs) were indispensable members of the operating process, and any kind of MEs or AEs from ORNs may cause serious results and even death to the patients. However, to the best of our knowledge, the prevalence and associated factors of MEs and AEs were never reported among ORNs in China, which is the largest country in population and health services quantity in the world. Methods This is a cross-sectional study, which was conducted among ORNs in China, and 787 valid questionnaires were analyzed in this study. MEs, AEs, gender, age, married status, religious belief, academic degree, manager or not, working years, working hours/week, physical disease, and mental health were evaluated in this study. MEs were evaluated by eight questions about the occurrence of eight kinds of MEs for the ORNs. For ORNs with MEs, further questions about clinical harm to the patients were interviewed, which analyzed AEs. Kessler 10 was used to evaluate the ORNs' mental health. Logistic regression was conducted to examine the factors associated with MEs and AEs. Results The prevalence of MEs and AEs was 27.7 and 13.9% among ORNs, respectively. The most frequent MEs that occurred among ORNs were from surgical instruments (9.1%), disinfection (9.0%), equipment and consumables (8.9%), and specimen management (7.8%). MEs were positively associated with lower working years, poor mental health, and physical disease. The physical disease was positively associated with AEs. Conclusion The prevalence of perceived MEs and AEs was at a higher level than other kinds of nurses. Fresh ORNs with physical and mental health problems were the risk population for MEs, and ORNs with physical disease were at a higher risk for AEs. All the findings implied that MEs and AEs were an important issue for ORNs, and ORNs with physical and mental health problems should be paid attention to control MEs and AEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Song
- Department of Operating Room, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Juan Tang
- Department of Operating Room, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhen Wei
- Center for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China,National Health Commission of China, Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Long Sun
- Center for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China,National Health Commission of China, Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China,*Correspondence: Long Sun
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Gayle S, Paradis T, Jones K, Vasquez J, Paralkar VM. Antigen-independent tumor targeting by CBX-12 (alphalex ™-exatecan) induces long-term antitumor immunity. Immunotherapy 2022; 14:1467-1480. [PMID: 36597724 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2022-0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: To determine whether antigen-independent targeting of the TOP1 inhibitor exatecan to tumor with a pH-sensitive peptide (CBX-12) produces superior synergy with immunotherapy compared with unconjugated exatecan. Materials & methods: In vitro and ex vivo functional assays were performed via FACS and ELISA assays. In vivo efficacy was evaluated in the syngeneic CT26 model. Results: CBX-12 combined with anti-PD-1 or anti-CTLA4 results in delayed tumor growth and complete response, with cured animals displaying long-term antitumor immunity. CBX-12 stimulates expression of MHC 1 and PD-L1 and is an inducer of immunogenic cell death, producing long-term immune recognition of tumor cells and resultant antitumor immunity. Conclusion: The authors' data provide the rationale for exploring immunotherapy combinations with CBX-12 in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kelli Jones
- Cybrexa Therapeutics, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Juan Vasquez
- Section of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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Mi Z, Zhang Y, Feng Z, Liu J, Wu J, Tan H, Ma X, Liu Z, Rong P. Treatment-related adverse events of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors combined with CTLA-4 inhibitors in clinical trials: a meta-analysis. ARTIFICIAL CELLS, NANOMEDICINE, AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 50:301-309. [PMID: 36217590 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2022.2131354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AIM PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in combination with CTLA-4 inhibitors are being tested in a number of ongoing clinical trials. As a result, it is critical to fully comprehend the toxicity characteristics of adverse events in combination therapy. This study aims to extensively compare the incidences and ORs of treatment-related adverse events between two combination strategies. METHODS The eligible articles were searched from PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane databases for studies published between 1 January 2010 and 1 May 2021, investigating PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors plus CTLA-4 inhibitor-based combined clinical therapies. The mean incidences and pooled ORs of all-grade and grade 3 or higher adverse events were calculated by random-effects model using Stata 12.1. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed with I2 statistics and Chi square-based Q statistic. The overall risk of bias was assessed by Review Manager 5.3. RESULTS A total of 26 eligible studies of 3607 patients were selected; 2852 patients developed at least one all-grade adverse event. PD-L1 inhibitors plus CTLA-4 inhibitors regimen (incidence 0.67, 95% CI: 0.57-0.77) had marked advantage over PD-1 inhibitors plus CTLA-4 inhibitors regimen (incidence 0.89, 95% CI: 0.86-0.93). CONCLUSION PD-L1 inhibitors plus CTLA-4 inhibitors shows better safety in treatment-related adverse events than PD-1 inhibitors plus CTLA-4 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Mi
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yunshu Zhang
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhichao Feng
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiahao Liu
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianmin Wu
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongpei Tan
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoqian Ma
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Pengfei Rong
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Biological Nanotechnology of National Health Commission, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Nagata Y, Yamamoto S, Kato K. Immune checkpoint inhibitors in esophageal cancer: Clinical development and perspectives. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2143177. [PMID: 36375821 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2143177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is the sixth most common cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The standard treatment for unresectable esophageal cancer is systemic chemotherapy. However, the survival benefit is limited, with a median overall survival of less than 10 months. The advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), including programmed cell death-1 antibodies, has revolutionized the treatment paradigm for esophageal cancer. Since demonstrating promising efficacy with manageable safety in several clinical trials, ICIs has finally reached the point where they can be used in various tumor stages in the clinical setting. ICIs are most promising treatments that can be expected to improve the prognosis in patients with esophageal cancer now and in the future. This review outlines the mechanisms, results of clinical trials, and prospects for future studies of ICIs in esophageal cancer. It also discusses clinical questions and challenges in the therapeutic development of ICIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Nagata
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nagano Municipal Hospital, Nagano, Japan
| | - Shun Yamamoto
- Department of Head and Neck, Esophageal Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Kato
- Department of Head and Neck, Esophageal Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Zhang Y, Wang J, Hu T, Wang H, Long M, Liang B. Adverse Events of PD-1 or PD-L1 Inhibitors in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12121990. [PMID: 36556355 PMCID: PMC9787874 DOI: 10.3390/life12121990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: This study aimed to develop a comprehensive understanding of the treatment-related adverse events when using PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitors in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). (2) Methods: We conducted a meta-analysis of Phase II/III randomized clinical trials. Studies were searched for using PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library from 1 March 1980 till 30 June 2022. Data on adverse events were mainly extracted from ClinicalTrials.gov and published articles. A generalized linear mixed model with the logit transformation was employed to obtain the overall incidence of adverse events across all studies. For serious adverse events with low incidences, the Peto method was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) in the PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitors groups compared to the control groups. (3) Results: Nine studies were included in the meta-analysis, including a total of 2941 TNBC patients treated with PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitors (including atezolizumab, pembrolizumab and durvalumab) and 2339 patients in the control groups. Chemotherapy alone was the control group in all studies. The average incidences of all serious immune-related adverse events of interest (hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, pneumonitis, pruritus, rash) were less than 1%, except for adrenal insufficiency (1.70%, 95%CI: 0.50-5.61%) in the PD-1 or PD-L1 groups. PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitors significantly increased the risk of serious pneumonitis (OR = 2.52, 95%CI: 1.02-6.26), hypothyroidism (OR = 5.92, 95%CI: 1.22-28.86), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevation (OR = 1.66, 95%CI: 1.12-2.45), and adrenal insufficiency (OR = 18.81, 95%CI: 3.42-103.40). For non-serious adverse events, the patients treated with PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitors had higher risk of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) elevation (OR =1.26, 95%CI: 1.02-1.57), hypothyroidism (OR = 3.63, 95%CI: 2.92-4.51), pruritus (OR = 1.84, 95%CI: 1.30-2.59), rash (OR = 1.29, 95%CI: 1.08-1.55), and fever (OR = 1.77, 95%CI: 1.13-2.77), compared with chemotherapy alone. (4) Conclusions: The incidence of serious immune-related adverse events in PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitors groups is low but significantly higher than in chemotherapy groups. When using PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitors for the treatment of TNBC, serious pneumonitis, hypothyroidism, ALT elevation, and adrenal insufficiency should be considered. Non-serious adverse events, such as AST elevation, rash, and fever, should also be taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixi Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jingyuan Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Taobo Hu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Huina Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Mengping Long
- Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Baosheng Liang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Correspondence:
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Yang C, Zhang H, Zhang L, Zhu AX, Bernards R, Qin W, Wang C. Evolving therapeutic landscape of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 20:203-222. [PMID: 36369487 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-022-00704-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common solid malignancies worldwide. A large proportion of patients with HCC are diagnosed at advanced stages and are only amenable to systemic therapies. We have witnessed the evolution of systemic therapies from single-agent targeted therapy (sorafenib and lenvatinib) to the combination of a checkpoint inhibitor plus targeted therapy (atezolizumab plus bevacizumab therapy). Despite remarkable advances, only a small subset of patients can obtain durable clinical benefit, and therefore substantial therapeutic challenges remain. In the past few years, emerging systemic therapies, including new molecular-targeted monotherapies (for example, donafenib), new immuno-oncology monotherapies (for example, durvalumab) and new combination therapies (for example, durvalumab plus tremelimumab), have shown encouraging results in clinical trials. In addition, many novel therapeutic approaches with the potential to offer improved treatment effects in patients with advanced HCC, such as sequential combination targeted therapy and next-generation adoptive cell therapy, have also been proposed and developed. In this Review, we summarize the latest clinical advances in the treatment of advanced HCC and discuss future perspectives that might inform the development of more effective therapeutics for advanced HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hailin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Linmeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Andrew X Zhu
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA. .,Jiahui International Cancer Center, Jiahui Health, Shanghai, China.
| | - René Bernards
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. .,Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Wenxin Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Cun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Xu T, Liu Y, Lu X, Liang J. Toxicity profile of combined immune checkpoint inhibitors and thoracic radiotherapy in esophageal cancer: A meta-analysis and systematic review. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1039020. [PMID: 36439117 PMCID: PMC9685562 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1039020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundTherapies based on the combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and thoracic radiotherapy (TRT) are transforming the treatment landscape of esophageal cancer. Nevertheless, the available data on adverse events (AEs) mainly stemmed from several prospective clinical trials and retrospective studies, in which, AE data are often handled and reported with less rigor than the primary beneficial outcomes of the study. Thus, we conducted a systematic review to investigate the toxicity spectrum of these novel regimens.MethodWe searched for all prospective clinical trials investigating the role of ICIs combined with TRT published between January 2010 and August 2022. Study articles and conference proceedings involving esophageal cancers and reporting the overall incidence or details of treatment-related AEs (trAEs) were synthesized to determine the toxicity profile of combination treatment. We compared trAEs between cancer type, programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors, and between sequential and concurrent administration of ICIs and TRT to identify potentially high-risk patients.ResultsWe obtained toxicity data from 14 clinical trials involving 863 patients. The pooled overall incidence was 88.97% for any-grade trAEs and 18.48% for high-grade trAEs. The three most frequent non-hematologic any-grade trAEs were reactive cutaneous capillary endothelial proliferation (RCCEP, 63.80%), esophagitis (51.54%), and fatigue (33.63%). Meanwhile, RCCEP (15.69%) was the most common non-hematologic high-grade trAE, followed by nausea (4.91%) and anorexia (3.81%). The occurrence rates of any-grade and high-grade pneumonitis were 10.82% and 0.66%, respectively. In subgroup analysis, the toxicity profiles of PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors were mostly similar, except for any-grade pneumonitis (15.20% vs 4.88%, p=0.03) and high-grade leukopenia (6.25% vs 59.09%, p=0.00). In addition, concurrent treatment seemed to have a higher incidence of any-grade trAEs (95.20% vs 70.85%, p=0.03) compared with sequential treatment. ESCC seems to have higher incidence of any-grade hypothyroidism (22.55% vs 8.96%, p=0.049) compared to EAC.ConclusionOur study is the first systematic review to provide a toxicity profile of trAEs in esophageal cancer patients who received ICIs combined with TRT. Most AEs of this combination treatment are tolerable, although the incidence of any-grade trAEs was higher in the concurrent group. The difference in any-grade pneumonitis between PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitor groups needs further validation in a large clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongzhen Xu
- Department of Radiotherapy Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yunsong Liu
- Department of Radiotherapy Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaotong Lu
- Department of Radiotherapy Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Liang
- Department of Radiotherapy Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Liang,
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FLASH X-ray spares intestinal crypts from pyroptosis initiated by cGAS-STING activation upon radioimmunotherapy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2208506119. [PMID: 36256824 PMCID: PMC9618056 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2208506119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA-damaging treatments such as radiotherapy (RT) have become promising to improve the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors by enhancing tumor immunogenicity. However, accompanying treatment-related detrimental events in normal tissues have posed a major obstacle to radioimmunotherapy and present new challenges to the dose delivery mode of clinical RT. In the present study, ultrahigh dose rate FLASH X-ray irradiation was applied to counteract the intestinal toxicity in the radioimmunotherapy. In the context of programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) blockade, FLASH X-ray minimized mouse enteritis by alleviating CD8+ T cell-mediated deleterious immune response compared with conventional dose rate (CONV) irradiation. Mechanistically, FLASH irradiation was less efficient than CONV X-ray in eliciting cytoplasmic double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) and in activating cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) in the intestinal crypts, resulting in the suppression of the cascade feedback consisting of CD8+ T cell chemotaxis and gasdermin E-mediated intestinal pyroptosis in the case of PD-L1 blocking. Meanwhile, FLASH X-ray was as competent as CONV RT in boosting the antitumor immune response initiated by cGAS activation and achieved equal tumor control in metastasis burdens when combined with anti-PD-L1 administration. Together, the present study revealed an encouraging protective effect of FLASH X-ray upon the normal tissue without compromising the systemic antitumor response when combined with immunological checkpoint inhibitors, providing the rationale for testing this combination as a clinical application in radioimmunotherapy.
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Kou L, Wen Q, Xie X, Chen X, Li J, Li Y. Adverse events of immune checkpoint inhibitors for patients with digestive system cancers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1013186. [PMID: 36341450 PMCID: PMC9634077 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1013186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To study the incidence and distribution of adverse events in immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) for digestive system cancers and to provide a reference for the safe, rational, and effective use of immune detection site inhibitors. Methods We searched for articles published in English between January 1, 2010, and May 18, 2022. All clinical trials of ICI-based therapies for digestive system cancers were investigated, including only randomized controlled trials that reported data on the overall incidence of treatment-related adverse events (trAEs) or immune-related adverse reactions (irAEs) or tables. Results We searched 2048 records, of which 21 studies (7108 patients) were eligible for inclusion. The incidence of ICI trAEs of any grade was 82.7% (95% CI 73.9-90.0), and the incidence of grade 3 or higher trAEs was 27.5% (95% CI 21.3-34.1). The pooled rate of ICI irAEs of any grade was 26.3% (95% CI 11.8-44.0), and the incidence of grade 3 or higher irAEs was 9.4% (95% CI 1.1-24.6). In multivariate analysis, the incidence, characteristics, and distribution of AEs varied by cancer type, combination therapy modality (single/two-drug), and different agent types. Conclusion Our meta-analysis summarizes AEs associated with ICI in digestive system cancers. The incidence, characteristics, and distribution of AEs vary by cancer type, combination therapy modality, and different agent types. These findings can be considered for the early identification of AEs and provide effective interventions to reduce the severity of these patients. It can provide a clinical reference and may contribute to clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiu Kou
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Qinglian Wen
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiaolu Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiu Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Li, ; Yaling Li,
| | - Yaling Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Li, ; Yaling Li,
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Implantable micro-scale LED device guided photodynamic therapy to potentiate antitumor immunity with mild visible light. Biomater Res 2022; 26:56. [PMID: 36258234 PMCID: PMC9580183 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-022-00305-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising strategy to promote antitumor immunity by inducing immunogenic cell death (ICD) in tumor cells. However, practical PDT uses an intense visible light owing to the shallow penetration depth of the light, resulting in immunosuppression at the tumor tissues. METHODS Herein, we propose an implantable micro-scale light-emitting diode device (micro-LED) guided PDT that enables the on-demand light activation of photosensitizers deep in the body to potentiate antitumor immunity with mild visible light. RESULTS The micro-LED is prepared by stacking one to four micro-scale LEDs (100 μm) on a needle-shape photonic device, which can be directly implanted into the core part of the tumor tissue. The photonic device with four LEDs efficiently elicits sufficient light output powers without thermal degradation and promotes reactive oxygen species (ROS) from a photosensitizer (verteporfin; VPF). After the intravenous injection of VPF in colon tumor-bearing mice, the tumor tissues are irradiated with optimal light intensity using an implanted micro-LED. While tumor tissues under intense visible light causes immunosuppression by severe inflammatory responses and regulatory T cell activation, mild visible light elicits potent ICD in tumor cells, which promotes dendritic cell (DC) maturation and T cell activation. The enhanced therapeutic efficacy and antitumor immunity by micro-LED guided PDT with mild visible light are assessed in colon tumor models. Finally, micro-LED guided PDT in combination with immune checkpoint blockade leads to 100% complete tumor regression and also establishes systemic immunological memory to prevent the recurrence of tumors. CONCLUSION Collectively, this study demonstrates that micro-LED guided PDT with mild visible light is a promising strategy for cancer immunotherapy.
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Yang Z, Zhang D, Zeng H, Fu Y, Hu Z, Pan Y, Chen J, Wang J, Zhang Y, Zhou Z, Xu L, Hu D, Chen M. Inflammation-Based Scores Predict Responses to PD-1 Inhibitor Treatment in Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:5721-5731. [PMID: 36238770 PMCID: PMC9553318 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s385921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Inflammatory response is related to tumor progression and patient survival. We aimed to clarify the prognostic value of the inflammation-based scores in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) patients receiving anti-PD1 therapy. Patients and Methods A total of 73 patients who received anti-PD-1 therapy from February 2019 to February 2021 were included in the study. Representative inflammation-based prognostic scores, including C-reactive protein (CRP), the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte-to-CRP ratio (LCR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), systemic immune inflammation index (SII), CRP-to-albumin ratio (CAR), prognostic nutritional index (PNI), Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS), and prognostic index (PI), were assessed for prediction accuracy using Kaplan–Meier survival curves and time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC). All the ten inflammation-based prognostic scores were measured before receiving anti-PD1 therapy. Results All the ten inflammation-based prognostic scores showed good discriminatory ability in terms of overall survival (OS) (all P < 0.01), the higher the score, the worse the prognosis, while the CRP score was a remarkable independent predictor for OS in multivariate analysis (hazard ratio, 6.032; confidence interval, 2.467–14.752; P < 0.001). The area under the ROC curve at 6 months, 12 months, 18 months and 24 months consistently demonstrated that the predictive value of the CRP score was superior to other inflammation-based scores. Conclusion Inflammation-based scores predict the efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy in patients with ICC and CRP score superior to the other inflammation-based prognostic scores in terms of predictive ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People’s Republic of China,Department of Liver Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Deyao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People’s Republic of China,Department of Liver Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huilan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People’s Republic of China,Department of Liver Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yizhen Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People’s Republic of China,Department of Liver Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zili Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People’s Republic of China,Department of Liver Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yangxun Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People’s Republic of China,Department of Liver Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinbin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People’s Republic of China,Department of Liver Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juncheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People’s Republic of China,Department of Liver Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaojun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People’s Republic of China,Department of Liver Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongguo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People’s Republic of China,Department of Liver Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People’s Republic of China,Department of Liver Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dandan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People’s Republic of China,Department of Liver Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Dandan Hu; Minshan Chen, Tel +86-20-87343828; +86-20-87343117, Fax +86-20-87343585, Email ;
| | - Minshan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People’s Republic of China,Department of Liver Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People’s Republic of China
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Qin W, Yang L, Fan B, Zou B, Duan Y, Li B, Wang L. Association between immune-related adverse events and the efficacy of PD-1 inhibitors in advanced esophageal cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:931429. [PMID: 36248782 PMCID: PMC9554876 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.931429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionRecent developments in immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have improved the treatment outcomes of esophageal cancer (EC); however, it may initiate immune-related adverse events (irAEs) in some patients. The ICIs’ therapeutic efficacy is associated with irAEs in patients with non-small cell lung cancer or renal cell carcinoma, although this association is unknown in EC. The purpose of this study was to explore the association between irAEs and the efficacy of programmed death 1 (PD-1) inhibitors in EC patients.Patients and methodsThis study included patients with advanced EC treated with PD-1 inhibitors. The patients were divided into two groups according to the occurrence of irAEs. Afterward, the efficacy was compared between the irAE-negative and irAE-positive groups, and we analyzed the predictive factors of irAEs and survival.ResultsOverall, 295 patients were included in this study. Baseline characteristics were balanced in the irAE-negative and irAE-positive groups. In total, 143 (48.47%) patients experienced irAEs. The most frequent irAEs were anemia (49, 16.61%), hyperthyroidism (45, 15.25%), and pneumonitis (44, 14.92%). In total, 33 (11.19%) patients had grade ≥ 3 irAEs and pneumonitis have 15 (5.08%). No grade 5 adverse events were observed. A total of 52 (17.63%) and 91 (30.85%) patients had single and multiple irAEs, respectively. Compared with patients without irAEs, those with irAEs had significantly higher objective response rate (ORR) (37.76% vs. 25.00%, p = 0.018) and disease control rate (DCR) (92.31% vs. 83.55%, p = 0.022). Univariate Cox analyses indicated the significant association between irAEs and improved median progression-free survival (PFS) (10.27 vs. 6.2 months, p < 0.001) and overall survival (OS) (15.4 vs. 9.2 months, p < 0.001). In multivariate analyses, irAEs were independently associated with longer PFS (p = 0.011) and OS (p = 0.002). Moreover, multivariate analysis revealed that cycles > 8, radiation, as well as antiangiogenic therapy were strongly associated with irAEs development (p < 0.001, p = 0.002, and p = 0.025, respectively).ConclusionIn advanced EC, patients with irAEs showed markedly better efficacy in ORR, DCR, PFS, and OS compared with patients without irAEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenru Qin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Linlin Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Bingjie Fan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Bing Zou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yanan Duan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- Department of Oncology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Butuo Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Linlin Wang,
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Zhang T, Wang Y, Shi C, Liu X, Lv S, Wang X, Li W. Pancreatic injury following immune checkpoint inhibitors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:955701. [PMID: 36133806 PMCID: PMC9483178 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.955701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pancreatic injury (pancreatitis, amylase/lipase elevation) is a rare adverse event of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). With the high number of clinical studies on ICIs, the incidence and characteristics of associated pancreatic injury (PI) need to be reevaluated. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess the incidence of PI in cancer patients who received ICIs in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). PubMed, Embase, the ASCO, ESMO, and AACR conference proceedings before 1 April 2022, were investigated for relevant research. Results: 50 RCTs involving 35,223 patients were included. The incidence of ICIs-PI was 2.22% (95% CI = 1.94%–2.53%). The incidence of PI was 3.76% (95% CI = 1.84–7.67%) when combining two ICIs, which was higher than single ICIs [2.25% (95% CI = 1.91–2.65%)]. The ICIs were ranked from high to low based on PI incidence: PD-L1 inhibitors 3.01% (95% CI = 1.86–4.87%), CTLA-4 inhibitors 2.92% (95% CI = 0.99–8.65%) and PD-1 Inhibitor 2% (95% CI = 1.67–2.39%). The ICI with the highest rate of PI was pembrolizumab 7.23.% (95% CI = 1.69–30.89%). In addition, the incidence of severe ICIs-PI was 2.08% (95% CI = 1.76–2.46%); and the incidence of severe PI was 2.32% (95% CI = 1.76–3.06%) when combining two ICIs, which was higher than single ICI [1.95% (95% CI = 1.58–2.41%)]. The ICIs were ranked from high to low according to the incidence of severe PI: PD-L1 inhibitors 3.1% (95% CI = 1.7–5.64%), CTLA-4 inhibitors 2.69% (95% CI = 0.76–9.49%), PD-1 inhibitors 1.80% (95% CI = 1.41–2.29%). Conclusion: Treatment with multiple ICIs result in a higher incidence of PI compared to single ICIs, irrespective of the grade of pancreatic injury. The incidence of PI caused by PD-L1 inhibitors is higher than that of CTLA-4 inhibitors and PD-1 Inhibitor, and Pembrolizumab has the highest rate of ICIs-PI. Although the incidence of ICIs-PI is not high, they are usually severe (≥ grade 3 events).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Zhang
- Basic Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Basic Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunhui Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Baoji Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Baoji, China
| | - Xiaochun Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Baoji Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Baoji, China
| | - Shangbin Lv
- Basic Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Basic Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Weihong Li
- Basic Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Weihong Li,
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Ren L, Yi J, Yang Y, Li W, Zheng X, Liu J, Li S, Yang H, Zhang Y, Ge B, Zhang S, Fu W, Dong D, Du G, Wang X, Wang J. Systematic pan-cancer analysis identifies APOC1 as an immunological biomarker which regulates macrophage polarization and promotes tumor metastasis. Pharmacol Res 2022; 183:106376. [PMID: 35914680 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein C1 (APOC1) has been found to play an essential part in proliferation and metastasis of numerous cancers, but related mechanism has not been elucidated, especially its function and role in tumor immunity. Through systematic pan-cancer analysis, we identified that APOC1 was closely associated with the infiltration of various immune cells in multiple cancers. Besides, APOC1 was significantly co-expressed with the immune checkpoints, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, chemokines and other immune-related genes. Furthermore, single-cell sequencing analysis suggested that the vast majority of APOC1 was expressed in macrophages or tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Additionally, the expression of APOC1 was significantly related to the prognosis of different cancers. Since APOC1 was most significantly abnormally expressed in renal cell cancer (RCC), subsequent experiments were carried out in RCC to explore the role of APOC1 in tumor immunity. The expression of APOC1 was significantly elevated in the tumor and serum of RCC patients. Besides, APOC1 was mainly expressed in the macrophage and it was closely related to the immune cell infiltration of RCC. Co-culture with RCC cells could induce the generation of TAMs with M2 phenotype which be blocked by silencing APOC1. The expression of APOC1 was elevated in the M2 or TAMs and APOC1 promoted M2 polarization of macrophages through interacting with CD163 and CD206. Furthermore, macrophages overexpressing APOC1 promoted the metastasis of RCC cells via secreting CCL5. Together, these data indicate that APOC1 is an immunological biomarker which regulates macrophage polarization and promotes tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Ren
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing 100050, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jie Yi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yihui Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing 100050, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wan Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing 100050, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiangjin Zheng
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing 100050, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jinyi Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing 100050, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Sha Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing 100050, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hong Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing 100050, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yizhi Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing 100050, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Binbin Ge
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing 100050, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Sen Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing 100050, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Weiqi Fu
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing 100050, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Dexin Dong
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Guanhua Du
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing 100050, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xifu Wang
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Jinhua Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing 100050, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
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Li J, Cai W, Yu J, Zhou S, Li X, He Z, Ouyang D, Liu H, Wang Y. Autophagy inhibition recovers deficient ICD-based cancer immunotherapy. Biomaterials 2022; 287:121651. [PMID: 35777331 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
ICD effect is usually accompanied with robust autophagy that can depredate immune-associated antigens in tumors, thereby weakening the immune response against tumor growth. To circumvent this dilemma, we combined an ICD inducer (Shikonin, SHK) with an autophagy inhibitor (hydroxychloroquine, HCQ) for colon cancer immunotherapy. Notably, HCQ boosted SHK-induced antigen exposure in colon cancer in vitro and in vivo. However, autophagy inhibition caused loss of ATP, which compromised antitumor immune response. Therefore, a compensatory strategy was employed by introducing ATP as a remote loading gradient of the liposome to encapsulate HCQ (LipHCQa). LipHCQa achieved an excellent antitumor efficiency without dampening the immune response. Furthermore, a systematic determination of the optimal dosage of combined LipSHK and LipHCQa suggested that autophagy inhibiting at an appropriate dosage level was beneficial for maximizing ICD-based antitumor immunity. This study proved that autophagy inhibitors can recover the deficient ICD-based antitumor immune response and present potential clinical applications for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbo Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Wenxu Cai
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jiang Yu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Shuang Zhou
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xianlu Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Zhonggui He
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Defang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences (ICMS), University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Hongzhuo Liu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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80
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Zheng D, Hou X, Yu J, He X. Combinatorial Strategies With PD-1/PD-L1 Immune Checkpoint Blockade for Breast Cancer Therapy: Mechanisms and Clinical Outcomes. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:928369. [PMID: 35935874 PMCID: PMC9355550 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.928369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As an emerging antitumor strategy, immune checkpoint therapy is one of the most promising anticancer therapies due to its long response duration. Antibodies against the programmed death-1 (PD-1) and programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) axis have been extensively applied to various cancers and have demonstrated unprecedented efficacy. Nevertheless, a poor response to monotherapy with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 has been observed in metastatic breast cancer. Combination therapy with other standard treatments is expected to overcome this limitation of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in the treatment of breast cancer. In the present review, we first illustrate the biological functions of PD-1/PD-L1 and their role in maintaining immune homeostasis as well as protecting against immune-mediated tissue damage in a variety of microenvironments. Several combination therapy strategies for the combination of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade with standard treatment modalities have been proposed to solve the limitations of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 treatment, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, antiangiogenic therapy, and other immunotherapies. The corresponding clinical trials provide valuable estimates of treatment effects. Notably, several combination options significantly improve the response and efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. This review provides a PD-1/PD-L1 clinical trial landscape survey in breast cancer to guide the development of more effective and less toxic combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zheng
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Breast, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaolin Hou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Breast, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiujing He
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Breast, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xiujing He,
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Kong Y, Zhao X, Xu M, Pan J, Ma Y, Zou L, Peng Q, Zhang J, Su C, Xu Z, Zhou W, Peng Y, Yang J, Zhou C, Li Y, Guo Q, Chen G, Wu H, Xing P, Zhang L. PD-1 Inhibitor Combined With Radiotherapy and GM-CSF (PRaG) in Patients With Metastatic Solid Tumors: An Open-Label Phase II Study. Front Immunol 2022; 13:952066. [PMID: 35874780 PMCID: PMC9304897 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.952066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with metastatic cancer refractory to standard systemic therapies have a poor prognosis and few therapeutic options. Radiotherapy can shape the tumor microenvironment (TME) by inducing immunogenic cell death and promoting tumor recognition by natural killer cells and T lymphocytes. Granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was known to promote dendric cell maturation and function, and might also induce the macrophage polarization with anti-tumor capabilities. A phase II trial (ChiCTR1900026175) was conducted to assess the clinical efficacy and safety of radiotherapy, PD-1 inhibitor and GM-CSF (PRaG regimen). This trial was registered at http://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx. A PRaG cycle consisted of 3 fractions of 5 or 8 Gy delivered for one metastatic lesion from day 1, followed by 200 μg subcutaneous injection of GM-CSF once daily for 2 weeks, and intravenous infusion of PD-1 inhibitor once within one week after completion of radiotherapy. The PRaG regimen was repeated every 21 days for at least two cycles. Once the PRaG therapy was completed, the patient continued PD-1 inhibitor monotherapy until confirmed disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR). A total of 54 patients were enrolled with a median follow-up time of 16.4 months. The ORR was 16.7%, and the disease control rate was 46.3% in intent-to-treat patients. Median progression-free survival was 4.0 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.3 to 4.8), and median overall survival was 10.5 months (95% CI, 8.7 to 12.2). Grade 3 treatment-related adverse events occurred in five patients (10.0%) and grade 4 in one patient (2.0%). Therefore, the PRaG regimen was well tolerated with acceptable toxicity and may represent a promising salvage treatment for patients with chemotherapy-refractory solid tumors. It is likely that PRaG acts via heating upthe TME with radiotherapy and GM-CSF, which was further boosted by PD-1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehong Kong
- Department of Radiotherapy & Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institution of Radiotherapy & Oncology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Laboratory for Combined Radiotherapy and Immunotherapy of Cancer, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiangrong Zhao
- Department of Radiotherapy & Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institution of Radiotherapy & Oncology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Laboratory for Combined Radiotherapy and Immunotherapy of Cancer, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Meiling Xu
- Department of Radiotherapy & Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institution of Radiotherapy & Oncology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Laboratory for Combined Radiotherapy and Immunotherapy of Cancer, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jie Pan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yifu Ma
- Department of Radiotherapy & Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institution of Radiotherapy & Oncology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Laboratory for Combined Radiotherapy and Immunotherapy of Cancer, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Li Zou
- Department of Radiotherapy & Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institution of Radiotherapy & Oncology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Laboratory for Combined Radiotherapy and Immunotherapy of Cancer, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qiliang Peng
- Department of Radiotherapy & Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institution of Radiotherapy & Oncology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Laboratory for Combined Radiotherapy and Immunotherapy of Cancer, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Junjun Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy & Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institution of Radiotherapy & Oncology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Laboratory for Combined Radiotherapy and Immunotherapy of Cancer, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Cunjin Su
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhi Xu
- Medical Affairs, ICON Public limited company (ICON Plc), Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Radiotherapy & Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institution of Radiotherapy & Oncology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Laboratory for Combined Radiotherapy and Immunotherapy of Cancer, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yong Peng
- Department of Radiotherapy & Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institution of Radiotherapy & Oncology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Laboratory for Combined Radiotherapy and Immunotherapy of Cancer, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiabao Yang
- Department of Radiotherapy & Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institution of Radiotherapy & Oncology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Laboratory for Combined Radiotherapy and Immunotherapy of Cancer, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chengliang Zhou
- Department of Radiotherapy & Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institution of Radiotherapy & Oncology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Laboratory for Combined Radiotherapy and Immunotherapy of Cancer, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yujia Li
- Department of Radiotherapy & Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institution of Radiotherapy & Oncology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Laboratory for Combined Radiotherapy and Immunotherapy of Cancer, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qiuchen Guo
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Guangqiang Chen
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hongya Wu
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Suzhou Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology of Digestive Tract, Suzhou, China
| | - Pengfei Xing
- Department of Radiotherapy & Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institution of Radiotherapy & Oncology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Laboratory for Combined Radiotherapy and Immunotherapy of Cancer, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Liyuan Zhang, ; Pengfei Xing,
| | - Liyuan Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy & Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institution of Radiotherapy & Oncology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Laboratory for Combined Radiotherapy and Immunotherapy of Cancer, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Liyuan Zhang, ; Pengfei Xing,
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Xu L, Zou C, Zhang S, Chu TSM, Zhang Y, Chen W, Zhao C, Yang L, Xu Z, Dong S, Yu H, Li B, Guan X, Hou Y, Kong FM. Reshaping the systemic tumor immune environment (STIE) and tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) to enhance immunotherapy efficacy in solid tumors. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:87. [PMID: 35799264 PMCID: PMC9264569 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01307-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of combination immunotherapy based on the mediation of regulatory mechanisms of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) is promising. However, a deep understanding of tumor immunology must involve the systemic tumor immune environment (STIE) which was merely illustrated previously. Here, we aim to review recent advances in single-cell transcriptomics and spatial transcriptomics for the studies of STIE, TIME, and their interactions, which may reveal heterogeneity in immunotherapy responses as well as the dynamic changes essential for the treatment effect. We review the evidence from preclinical and clinical studies related to TIME, STIE, and their significance on overall survival, through different immunomodulatory pathways, such as metabolic and neuro-immunological pathways. We also evaluate the significance of the STIE, TIME, and their interactions as well as changes after local radiotherapy and systemic immunotherapy or combined immunotherapy. We focus our review on the evidence of lung cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma, aiming to reshape STIE and TIME to enhance immunotherapy efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Xu
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518053, China
| | - Chang Zou
- Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, China.,Shenzhen Public Service Platform on Tumor Precision Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Education Ministry, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646100, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Life and Marine Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
| | - Timothy Shun Man Chu
- Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Victoria Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK.,Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518053, China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Department of Clinical Oncology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Caining Zhao
- Department of Clinical Oncology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518053, China
| | - Zhiyuan Xu
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518053, China
| | - Shaowei Dong
- Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Bo Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Xinyuan Guan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518053, China. .,Department of Clinical Oncology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. .,Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou, Guangdong, 528200, China.
| | - Yuzhu Hou
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
| | - Feng-Ming Kong
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518053, China. .,Department of Clinical Oncology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Yu Y, Wang S, Su N, Pan S, Tu B, Zhao J, Shen Y, Qiu Q, Liu X, Luan J, Wang FS, Meng F, Shi M. Increased Circulating Levels of CRP and IL-6 and Decreased Frequencies of T and B Lymphocyte Subsets Are Associated With Immune-Related Adverse Events During Combination Therapy With PD-1 Inhibitors for Liver Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:906824. [PMID: 35756643 PMCID: PMC9232255 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.906824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Programmed cell death protein 1/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are inevitable in patients with liver cancer. Although the incidence of severe irAEs is low, but can result in fatal consequences. To date, only a few commonly used clinical biomarkers have been reported. Aim To assess commonly used clinical biomarkers associated with the occurrence of irAEs to enable better management of irAEs by clinicians. Methods We retrospectively reviewed patients with liver cancer treated with at least one cycle of PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) combined with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). IrAEs were documented according to the common terminology criteria for adverse events version 5. Clinical and laboratory parameters were also evaluated. Results A total of 67 patients were included, 36 with irAEs and 31 without irAEs. A total of 104 adverse events occurred; 83 of these events were grade 1/2 (G1/G2), 21 were grade 3/4 (G3/G4), and one died of G4 hepatitis. Patients with irAEs had higher levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and lower levels of lymphocyte subsets, except natural killer (NK) cell counts, than those without irAEs (P <0.05). Patients who experienced G3/G4 irAEs had higher levels of CRP and IL-6 and lower levels of CD4+ T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes than those who experienced G1/G2 irAEs (P <0.05). Of note, impairments in liver function and routine blood tests were also observed (P <0.05). The results of univariate and multivariate analyses for any grade of irAEs revealed that the combination of sintilimab and lenvatinib (P= 0.004, odds ratio [OR]: 7.414, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.925–28.560) and CRP ≥8.2 mg/L (P= 0.024, OR: 3.727, CI: 1.185–11.726) were independent risk factors. Univariate and multivariate analyses of the risk factors of G3/G4 irAEs suggested that the combination of sintilimab and lenvatinib was a potential risk factor (P = 0.049, OR: 8.242, CI: 1.006–67.532). Conclusion Changes in patient CRP, IL-6, and lymphocyte subsets were associated with irAE onset and may act as potential biomarkers of irAEs. Impairments in liver function and routine blood tests owing to the occurrence of irAEs may become new concerns for clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Yu
- 302 Clinical Medical School, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Siyu Wang
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Su
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shida Pan
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA), Beijing, China
| | - Bo Tu
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jinfang Zhao
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yingjuan Shen
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Qiu
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomeng Liu
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Junqing Luan
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fu-Sheng Wang
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fanping Meng
- Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA), Beijing, China
| | - Ming Shi
- 302 Clinical Medical School, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Senior Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Zhao X, Gao F, Yang J, Fan H, Xie Q, Jiang K, Gong J, Gao B, Yang Q, Lei Z. Risk of Adverse Events in Cancer Patients Receiving Nivolumab With Ipilimumab: A Meta-Analysis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:877434. [PMID: 35814436 PMCID: PMC9260026 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.877434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Combining two immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) instead of using one can effectively improve the prognosis of advanced malignant tumors. At present, ipilimumab alongside nivolumab is the most widely used combinatorial regimen of ICIs. However, the risk of treatment-related adverse events is higher in combinatorial regimens than in single-drug regimens. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the risks of common adverse events associated with the combinatorial regimen of ipilimumab and nivolumab by using meta-analysis. Methods We searched Pubmed, Medline, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library for reports published by 30 September 2021. A randomized controlled study was developed and analyzed using the statistical software R to determine the efficacy of the combinatorial treatment. Risk estimates (hazard ratios, RR) and 95% confidence intervals for various common serious adverse events were used. Results A total of 23 randomized control trials (n = 3970 patients) were included. Our meta-analysis indicated the risks of adverse events of any grade and grade ≥ 3 as 90.42% (95%CI: 85.91% ~ 94.18%) and 46.46% (95%CI: 39.37% ~ 53.69%), respectively; the risks of treatment-related death and adverse events leading to discontinuation were estimated at 0.42% (95% CI, 0.18% ~ 0.72%) and 19.11% (95% CI, 14.99% ~ 24.38%), respectively. Classification of 19 common adverse events. The top 5 grade 1-2 adverse events were found to be fatigue (30.92%, 95% CI: 24.59% ~ 37.62%), pruritus (26.05%, 95%CI: 22.29%~29.99%), diarrhea (23.58%, 95% CI: 20.62% ~ 26.96%), rash (19.90%, 95%CI: 15.75% ~ 25.15%), and nausea (17.19%, 95% CI:13.7% ~ 21.57%). The top 5 grade ≥ 3 adverse events were identified as increased alanine aminotransferase(8.12%, 95% CI: 5.90%~10.65%), increased lipase(7.62%, 95% CI: 4.88% ~ 10.89%), and colitis (6.39%, 95%CI: 3.98% ~ 10.25%), increased aspartate aminotransferase (6.30%, 95% CI: 4.61% ~ 8.22%), and diarrhea(5.72%, 95%CI: 3.50% ~ 8.44%). Subgroup analysis revealed some differences in the adverse events between the N1-I3 and N3-I1 subgroups and between subgroups of different cancer types. Conclusion This study summarized the risks of common adverse events in the co-treatment of malignant-tumor patients with ipilimumab and nivolumab and identified the impacts of various initial administration schemes on the risks of such events, thereby providing an important reference for the toxicity of co-treatment with ipilimumab and nivolumab. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier: CRD42020181350.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The People’s Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, China
| | - Fengwei Gao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The People’s Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The People’s Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, China
| | - Hua Fan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The People’s Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, China
| | - Qingyun Xie
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The People’s Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, China
| | - Kangyi Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The People’s Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, China
| | - Jie Gong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The People’s Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, China
| | - Benjian Gao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The People’s Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The People’s Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, China
| | - Zehua Lei
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The People’s Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, China
- *Correspondence: Zehua Lei,
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Kiss I, Kuhn M, Hrusak K, Buchler T. Incidence of fatigue associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with cancer: a meta-analysis. ESMO Open 2022; 7:100474. [PMID: 35576697 PMCID: PMC9271472 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2022.100474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fatigue is one of the most common adverse effects associated with cancer immunotherapy using checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs). Because treatment-related fatigue also frequently occurs in patients treated with non-immunological therapies, our study aimed to compare the incidence of fatigue in CPI-treated patients with that associated with non-immune therapies in randomised trials. Methods PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched for phase III studies using a CPI alone or in combination with chemotherapy or non-immunologic targeted therapy in the experimental arm and control arm using inactive therapies such as placebo or observation, chemotherapy, or non-immunologic targeted therapy. Adverse events listed in the full texts as well as those available from clinicaltrials.gov were reviewed for all identified studies. Results A total of 60 studies involving 41 435 patients were included in the analysis. All-grade fatigue was reported in 30.4% of patients [95% confidence interval (CI) 29.9% to 31.0%] in the immunotherapy arms of the analysed studies. Using anti-programmed cell death protein 1 agents as reference, the odds ratio (OR) for fatigue was significantly higher both for anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 agents (OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.04-2.04) and the combination of anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 and anti-programmed cell death protein agents (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.12-1.83). Fatigue was significantly less likely to occur in patients treated with CPI compared with patients receiving chemotherapy (OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.73-0.85), but significantly was more common in patients receiving the combination of CPI/chemotherapy compared with patients receiving chemotherapy alone (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.03-1.22). Conclusions Although immunotherapy using CPIs was associated with treatment-related fatigue, the occurrence of all-grade fatigue was significantly higher in patients treated with chemotherapy compared with patients receiving CPIs. The risk of fatigue was higher for CPI/chemotherapy combinations than for chemotherapy alone. These results suggest that although the effects of CPIs and chemotherapy are additive, chemotherapy was the dominant cause of treatment-related fatigue in the analysed trials. Fatigue is a common adverse event associated with cancer immunotherapy but also with other therapies and with cancer itself. This meta-analysis analysed the incidence of fatigue reported in phase III trials of checkpoint inhibitors. Fatigue was more common in patients treated with chemotherapy compared with patients receiving checkpoint inhibitors. Chemotherapy was the dominant cause of fatigue in combinations of chemotherapy and checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Kiss
- Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - M Kuhn
- Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses Ltd, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - K Hrusak
- Department of Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Thomayer University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - T Buchler
- Department of Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Thomayer University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.
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86
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Research article: Three-year Follow-up of Neoadjuvant PD-1 inhibitor (Sintilimab) in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2022; 17:909-920. [PMID: 35550174 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2022.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) inhibitors have been proved to be feasible and efficacy in multiple cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). But few studies have evaluated the effectiveness of PD-1 inhibitor as neoadjuvant therapy with a long-term follow-up. Here, in this phase 1b study with a 3-year follow-up, we reported the clinical outcomes of patients who received the PD-1 inhibitor as neoadjuvant therapy. METHODS Two doses of sintilimab (intravenously, 200 mg) were used for patients with stage IA-IIIB NSCLC (registration number: ChiCTR-OIC-17013726). Then surgery was performed within 29 to 43 days after the first dose. And all patients underwent positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) at enrollment and before surgery to evaluate tumor metabolism after administration of PD-1 inhibitor. We also evaluated the expression of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) as an exploratory analysis in 32 eligible patients. Safety was the primary endpoint. Overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), event survival (EFS), and major pathologic response (MPR) were the key secondary endpoints. RESULTS With the mean 37.8 months follow-up, 3-year OS rates were 88.5% and the 3-year DFS rate was 75.0% among patients who underwent R0 resection. In patients with positive PD-L1 expression, 3-year OS and DFS rates were 95.5% and 81.8%, respectively. Eight patients had recurrent tumors, including local recurrence, lung metastasis, brain metastasis and bone metastasis. Patients with PD-L1 ≥ 1% had more favorable clinical outcomes than the other subgroup (HR, 0.275; 95% CI, 0.078 to 0.976). No more new adverse events (AEs) have occurred in the 3-year follow-up since we first reported them in the former publication. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to report the long-term survival probability of NSCLC patients receiving PD-1 inhibitors as the neoadjuvant treatment. The three-year follow-up revealed that patients with positive PD-L1 expression and high tumor mutation burden have favorable clinical outcomes.
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87
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Xavier CB, Lopes CDH, Harada G, Peres EDB, Katz A, Jardim DL. Cardiovascular toxicity following immune checkpoint inhibitors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Transl Oncol 2022; 19:101383. [PMID: 35248919 PMCID: PMC8898968 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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88
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Hu D, Zhang W, Xiang J, Li D, Chen Y, Yuan P, Shao S, Zhou Z, Shen Y, Tang J. A ROS-responsive synergistic delivery system for combined immunotherapy and chemotherapy. Mater Today Bio 2022; 14:100284. [PMID: 35647515 PMCID: PMC9130108 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies that target programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathway are currently used for the treatment of various cancer types. However, low response rates of ICB remain the major issue and limit their applications in clinic. Here, we developed a ROS-responsive synergistic delivery system (pep-PAPM@PTX) by integrating physically-encapsulated paclitaxel (PTX) and surface-modified anti-PD-L1 peptide (pep) for combined chemotherapy and ICB therapy. Pep-PAPM@PTX could bind the cell surface PD-L1 and drive its recycling to lysosomal degradation, thus reverting PTX-induced PD-L1 upregulation and downregulating PD-L1 expression. As a result, pep-PAPM@PTX significantly promoted T cell infiltration and increased tumor immunoactivating factors, synergizing PTX chemotherapy to achieve enhanced anticancer potency in a triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) model.
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89
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Teimouri A, Minard LV, Scott SN, Daniels A, Snow S. Real-World Adherence to Toxicity Management Guidelines for Immune-Related Adverse Events. Curr Oncol 2022; 29:3104-3117. [PMID: 35621642 PMCID: PMC9139722 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29050252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) affect immunologic homeostasis, leading to immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Early irAE detection and management can prevent significant morbidity and mortality. A retrospective chart review was performed to characterize irAEs associated with nivolumab, ipilimumab, and nivolumab plus ipilimumab in adult medical oncology patients in Nova Scotia Health-Central Zone from 2013–2020, and to describe adherence to toxicity management guidelines. Diarrhea/colitis, hepatitis, pneumonitis, nephrotoxicity, and cardiotoxicity were studied. Of 129 charts reviewed, 67 patients (51.9%) experienced at least one irAE for a total of 98 irAEs and a 1.5% fatality rate. Of these irAEs, 33.7% led to an emergency room visit. Patients were admitted to hospital and steroids were used in 24.5% and 35.7% of cases, respectively. In 17.3% of irAEs, ICIs were permanently discontinued. In 20.4% of irAEs, ICIs were held, and patients were monitored; while in 18.4%, ICIs were held until the irAE was Grade 0–1 (and until steroids were tapered). Almost 47% of irAEs were managed according to guidelines (14.3% were not), and 38.8% had no documented management. Patients receiving immunotherapy frequently experience irAEs with half of irAEs having documented management adhering to guidelines. As immunotherapy indications expand, it is important to ensure irAEs are documented and managed appropriately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezou Teimouri
- Department of Pharmacy, Nova Scotia Health, QEII Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, NS B3H 3A7, Canada; (L.V.M.); (S.N.S.); (A.D.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Laura V. Minard
- Department of Pharmacy, Nova Scotia Health, QEII Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, NS B3H 3A7, Canada; (L.V.M.); (S.N.S.); (A.D.)
| | - Samantha N. Scott
- Department of Pharmacy, Nova Scotia Health, QEII Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, NS B3H 3A7, Canada; (L.V.M.); (S.N.S.); (A.D.)
| | - Amanda Daniels
- Department of Pharmacy, Nova Scotia Health, QEII Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, NS B3H 3A7, Canada; (L.V.M.); (S.N.S.); (A.D.)
| | - Stephanie Snow
- QEII Health Sciences Centre, Division of Medical Oncology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada;
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Zhang L, Lin W, Tan F, Li N, Xue Q, Gao S, Gao Y, He J. Sintilimab for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Biomark Res 2022; 10:23. [PMID: 35436956 PMCID: PMC9014583 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-022-00363-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) immunotherapy has dramatically changed the therapeutic landscape of inoperable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and has been included in first-line treatments. Sintilimab is a domestic anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody in China that has received approvals from the National Medical Products Administration to treat classical Hodgkin’s lymphoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and squamous and non-squamous NSCLC. In a prospective clinical study we led, neoadjuvant sintilimab has led to major and complete pathologic responses, which are recommended as surrogate endpoints for neoadjuvant immunotherapy; however, its effect remains inconclusive in pulmonary ground glass nodules. Meanwhile, combination plans seem more likely to be satisfying therapeutic options. Specifically, sintilimab plus platinum-based chemotherapy plans conferred better anti-tumor efficacy and clinical benefits compared to chemotherapy alone, which led to their approval in China and the acceptance of a biological license application in the US. Besides, the combination with other plans, such as docetaxel, cytokine-induced killer cell immunotherapy, radiation therapy, and anlotinib have also shown promising anti-tumor efficacy, with acceptable toxicities, and are therefore worth further exploration. In addition, several clinical trials on NSCLC at our center are ongoing. In general, sintilimab and its combinatorial plans were effective and well tolerated, but the treatment requires appropriate timing; pathologic responses can be surrogate endpoints for neoadjuvant immunotherapy, while more effective biomarkers are warranted. This study provides an overview of sintilimab-based clinical trials on NSCLC, and may support further investigation of sintilimab in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weihao Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fengwei Tan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Good Clinical Practice Center, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Xue
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shugeng Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yibo Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China. .,Laboratory of Translational Medicine, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China. .,Central Laboratory, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Jie He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Wu M, Huang Q, Xie Y, Wu X, Ma H, Zhang Y, Xia Y. Improvement of the anticancer efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade via combination therapy and PD-L1 regulation. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:24. [PMID: 35279217 PMCID: PMC8917703 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01242-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint molecules are promising anticancer targets, among which therapeutic antibodies targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway have been widely applied to cancer treatment in clinical practice and have great potential. However, this treatment is greatly limited by its low response rates in certain cancers, lack of known biomarkers, immune-related toxicity, innate and acquired drug resistance, etc. Overcoming these limitations would significantly expand the anticancer applications of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade and improve the response rate and survival time of cancer patients. In the present review, we first illustrate the biological mechanisms of the PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoints and their role in the healthy immune system as well as in the tumor microenvironment (TME). The PD-1/PD-L1 pathway inhibits the anticancer effect of T cells in the TME, which in turn regulates the expression levels of PD-1 and PD-L1 through multiple mechanisms. Several strategies have been proposed to solve the limitations of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 treatment, including combination therapy with other standard treatments, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, anti-angiogenic therapy, other immunotherapies and even diet control. Downregulation of PD-L1 expression in the TME via pharmacological or gene regulation methods improves the efficacy of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 treatment. Surprisingly, recent preclinical studies have shown that upregulation of PD-L1 in the TME also improves the response and efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade. Immunotherapy is a promising anticancer strategy that provides novel insight into clinical applications. This review aims to guide the development of more effective and less toxic anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengling Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qianrui Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yao Xie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Xuyi Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province/Rehabilitation Medicine Research Institute, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hongbo Ma
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Yong Xia
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China. .,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province/Rehabilitation Medicine Research Institute, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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92
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Challenges of the Immunotherapy: Perspectives and Limitations of the Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052847. [PMID: 35269988 PMCID: PMC8910928 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is a quickly developing type of treatment and the future of therapy in oncology. This paper is a review of recent findings in the field of immunotherapy with an emphasis on immune checkpoint inhibitors. The challenges that immunotherapy might face in near future, such as primary and acquired resistance and the irAEs, are described in this article, as well as the perspectives such as identification of environmental modifiers of immunity and development of anti-cancer vaccines and combined therapies. There are multiple factors that may be responsible for immunoresistance, such as genomic factors, factors related to the immune system cells or to the cancer microenvironment, factors emerging from the host cells, as well as other factors such as advanced age, biological sex, diet, many hormones, existing comorbidities, and the gut microbiome.
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93
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Xu J, Wu Y, Xu Y, Qiu Y, Li X, Song Y, Zhang L. Safety of Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy in Resectable Cancers: A Meta-Analysis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:802672. [PMID: 35173721 PMCID: PMC8841351 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.802672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neoadjuvant immunotherapy has preliminarily been effective in multiple resectable cancers. However, its safety is still largely unknown. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library up to February 28th, 2021. Pooled incidence and risk ratio (RR) of adverse events were calculated using the R software. Results Twenty-eight studies involving 2863 patients were included. First, the incidence for all-grade treatment-related adverse events (trAEs) was 94% (95% CI, 81%-98%), with 43% (95% CI, 24%-64%) for high-grade trAEs. For different treatment groups, neoadjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) plus chemotherapy was associated with a higher incidence of all-grade [99% (95% CI, 98%-99%) vs. 76% (95% CI 47%-92%); P < 0.001] and high-grade [80% (58%-92%) vs. 15% (9%-24%); P < 0.001] trAEs compared with neoadjuvant ICIs alone. The most common high-grade trAEs were lipase increased (5%; 95% CI, 2%-10%), colitis (3%; 95% CI, 0-7%) and transaminitis (3%; 95% CI, 0-7%) for neoadjuvant ICIs, and neutropenia (53%; 95% CI, 31%-74%), anemia (8%; 95% CI, 3%-15%) and AST increased (4%; 95% CI, 2%-7%) for neoadjuvant ICIs plus chemotherapy. Furthermore, the incidence rates of progressive disease while on treatment, treatment-related surgical delays and deaths were 6% (95% CI, 4%-10%), 3.2% (12 of 377 patients) and 0.47% (5 of 1075 patients), respectively. Conclusion Compared with neoadjuvant ICIs alone, neoadjuvant ICIs plus chemotherapy had a higher incidence of trAEs. In addition, neoadjuvant immunotherapy had a low rate of progressive diseases, surgical delays and deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Xu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongfeng Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuedan Xu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Qiu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yumeng Song
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ling Zhang,
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Wu Z, Chen Q, Qu L, Li M, Wang L, Mir MC, Carbonara U, Pandolfo SD, Black PC, Paul AK, Di Lorenzo G, Porpiglia F, Mari A, Necchi A, Rouprêt M, Psutka SP, Autorino R. Adverse Events of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Therapy for Urologic Cancer Patients in Clinical Trials: A Collaborative Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Eur Urol 2022; 81:414-425. [PMID: 35101302 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2022.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Therapies based on immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are transforming the treatment landscape of urologic oncology. Nevertheless, an exhaustive overview of the toxicity spectrum of these novel therapies has yet to be provided. OBJECTIVE To comprehensively investigate the incidence and profile of ICI therapy-related adverse events (AEs) across urologic cancers. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION We searched for all clinical trials investigating the role of ICI therapy published between January 2010 and September 2021. Studies involving urologic cancers with reported overall incidence or tabulated data of treatment-related AEs (trAEs) or immune-related AEs (irAEs) were included. A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed after protocol registration in PROSPERO (CRD42021276435). EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS We identified 2638 records, of which 92 studies (including 22942 participants) met the inclusion criteria. The pooled overall incidence was 81.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 78.0-84.7) for any-grade trAEs and 29.3% (95% CI 24.9-34.1) for grade ≥3 trAEs. The pooled overall incidence was 34.3% (95% CI 28.5-40.7) for any-grade irAEs and 10.2% (95%CI 8.2-12.7) for grade ≥3 irAEs. On a multivariable analysis, cancer type, therapy combination, clinical settings (perioperative vs advanced/metastatic), and drug exposure were independently associated with the occurrence of trAEs or irAEs. The overall rate of treatment-related mortality was 0.94% (140 of 14 899 participants), with pneumonitis (9.3%), pneumonia (7.9%), and respiratory failure (7.1%) being the most common causes. Immune-related mortality occurred in 0.26% (28 of 10 723) patients, with pneumonitis (35.7%), hepatic failure (10.7%), and hepatitis (7.1%) being most common. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides a comprehensive overview of ICI-associated AEs in urologic cancer patients. The spectrum and incidence of AEs vary across cancer types, ICI types, clinical settings, and therapy combinations. These findings provide important guidance to clinicians in counseling and management of patients with urologic cancers. PATIENT SUMMARY A high proportion of patients experience immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated toxicity. Physician and patient education is critical for early recognition and proper management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjie Wu
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Health Statistics, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Le Qu
- Department of Urology, Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Mingmin Li
- Department of Radiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Linhui Wang
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Maria C Mir
- Department of Urology, Valencian Oncology Institute Foundation, FIVO, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - Peter C Black
- Department of Urologic Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Asit K Paul
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Care, Department of Internal Medicine, VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Giuseppe Di Lorenzo
- Oncology Unit, Andrea Tortora Hospital, ASL Salerno, Pagani, Italy; Vincenzo Tiberio Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Francesco Porpiglia
- Department of Urology, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Andrea Mari
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence. Unit of Oncologic Minimally-Invasive Urology and Andrology, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Necchi
- Genitourinary Medical Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital and Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Morgan Rouprêt
- Department of Urology, GRC n°5, Predictive Onco-Uro, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Sarah P Psutka
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, WA, USA
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Zhang L, Geng Z, Hao B, Geng Q. Tislelizumab: A Modified Anti-tumor Programmed Death Receptor 1 Antibody. Cancer Control 2022; 29:10732748221111296. [PMID: 35926155 PMCID: PMC9358212 DOI: 10.1177/10732748221111296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tislelizumab is an anti-programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) monoclonal immunoglobulin G 4 antibody developed by BeiGene. The structure of tislelizumab has been modified to maximally inhibit the binding of PD-1 to programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and minimize the binding of tislelizumab to Fcγ receptors. In clinical studies, tislelizumab has shown preliminary anti-tumor effects in various solid tumors, such as Hodgkin's lymphoma, urothelial carcinoma, lung cancer, gastric and esophageal cancer, liver cancer, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, colorectal cancer, and microsatellite instability-high/mismatch repair-deficient tumors. In addition, it also showed new promise in solid tumor treatment in combination with ociperlimab. Due to its satisfactory anti-tumor effects, tislelizumab has received approvals in China for the treatment of classical Hodgkin's lymphoma, urothelial carcinoma, squamous non-small cell lung cancer, non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma, and it is now under investigation for a new indication in microsatellite instability-high/mismatch repair-deficient tumors. Moreover, it has been granted orphan designations in hepatocellular carcinoma, esophageal cancer, and gastric cancer, including cancer of the gastroesophageal junction, by the US Food and Drug Administration. Tislelizumab has an acceptable safety profile; the most common adverse effects include fatigue, anemia, and decreased neutrophil count, while the most fatal events have been related to respiratory infection or failure, and hepatic injury. Tislelizumab has an economic advantage compared with other well-studied PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors; thus, the introduction of it could provide clinical oncologists with an effective weapon against tumors and may alleviate the burden of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhihua Geng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Hao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Geng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Tang H, Cao Y, Jian Y, Li X, Li J, Zhang W, Wan T, Liu Z, Tang W, Lu S. Conversion therapy with an immune checkpoint inhibitor and an antiangiogenic drug for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: A review. Biosci Trends 2022; 16:130-141. [PMID: 35431288 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2022.01019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haowen Tang
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital; Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of the Chinese PLA; Key Laboratory of Digital Hepatobiliary Surgery of the Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Yinbiao Cao
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital; Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of the Chinese PLA; Key Laboratory of Digital Hepatobiliary Surgery of the Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Yiping Jian
- Chongqing Health Statistics Information Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuerui Li
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital; Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of the Chinese PLA; Key Laboratory of Digital Hepatobiliary Surgery of the Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Junfeng Li
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital; Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of the Chinese PLA; Key Laboratory of Digital Hepatobiliary Surgery of the Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital; Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of the Chinese PLA; Key Laboratory of Digital Hepatobiliary Surgery of the Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Wan
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital; Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of the Chinese PLA; Key Laboratory of Digital Hepatobiliary Surgery of the Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital; Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of the Chinese PLA; Key Laboratory of Digital Hepatobiliary Surgery of the Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Tang
- International Health Care Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shichun Lu
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital; Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of the Chinese PLA; Key Laboratory of Digital Hepatobiliary Surgery of the Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
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Miyasaka Y, Sato H, Okano N, Kubo N, Kawamura H, Ohno T. A Promising Treatment Strategy for Lung Cancer: A Combination of Radiotherapy and Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:203. [PMID: 35008367 PMCID: PMC8750493 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide despite advances in treatment. In the past few decades, radiotherapy has achieved outstanding technical advances and is being widely used as a definitive, prophylactic, or palliative treatment of patients with lung cancer. The anti-tumor effects of radiotherapy are considered to result in DNA damage in cancer cells. Moreover, recent evidence has demonstrated another advantage of radiotherapy: the induction of anti-tumor immune responses, which play an essential role in cancer control. In contrast, radiotherapy induces an immunosuppressive response. These conflicting reactions after radiotherapy suggest that maximizing immune response to radiotherapy by combining immunotherapy has potential to achieve more effective anti-tumor response than using each alone. Immune checkpoint molecules, such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4, programmed cell death-1/programmed death-ligand 1, and their inhibitors, have attracted significant attention for overcoming the immunosuppressive conditions in patients with cancer. Therefore, the combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors and radiotherapy is promising. Emerging preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated the rationale for these combination strategies. In this review, we outlined evidence suggesting that combination of radiotherapy, including particle therapy using protons and carbon ions, with immunotherapy in lung cancer treatment could be a promising treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhei Miyasaka
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-Machi, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan; (Y.M.); (N.O.); (N.K.); (H.K.); (T.O.)
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, 3-39-22 Showa-Machi, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hiro Sato
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-Machi, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan; (Y.M.); (N.O.); (N.K.); (H.K.); (T.O.)
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, 3-39-22 Showa-Machi, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Naoko Okano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-Machi, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan; (Y.M.); (N.O.); (N.K.); (H.K.); (T.O.)
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, 3-39-22 Showa-Machi, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Nobuteru Kubo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-Machi, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan; (Y.M.); (N.O.); (N.K.); (H.K.); (T.O.)
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, 3-39-22 Showa-Machi, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hidemasa Kawamura
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-Machi, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan; (Y.M.); (N.O.); (N.K.); (H.K.); (T.O.)
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, 3-39-22 Showa-Machi, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ohno
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-Machi, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan; (Y.M.); (N.O.); (N.K.); (H.K.); (T.O.)
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, 3-39-22 Showa-Machi, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
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