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Geffen LN, Kelly G, Morris JN, Hogeveen S, Hirdes J. "Establishing the criterion validity of the interRAI Check-Up Self-Report instrument". BMC Geriatr 2020; 20:260. [PMID: 32727385 PMCID: PMC7391526 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-020-01659-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Low and middle-income countries have growing older populations and could benefit from the use of multi-domain geriatric assessments in overcoming the challenge of providing quality health services to older persons. This paper reports on the outcomes of a study carried out in Cape Town, South Africa on the validity of the interRAI Check-Up Self-Report instrument, a multi-domain assessment instrument designed to screen older persons in primary health settings. This is the first criterion validity study of the instrument. The instrument is designed to identify specific health problems and needs, including psychosocial or cognition problems and issues related to functional decline. The interRAI Check-Up Self-Report is designed to be compatible with the clinician administered instruments in the interRAI suite of assessments, but the validity of the instrument against clinician ratings has not yet been established. We therefore sought to establish whether community health workers, rather than trained healthcare professionals could reliably administer the self-report instrument to older persons. Methods We evaluated the criterion validity of the self-report instrument through comparison to assessments completed by a clinician assessor. A total of 112 participants, aged 60 or older were recruited from 7 seniors clubs in Khayelitsha, Cape Town. Each participant was assessed by one of two previously untrained, non-healthcare personnel using the Check-Up Self-report version and again by a trained assessor using the clinician version of the interRAI Check-Up within 48 h. Our analyses focused on the degree of agreement between the self-reported and clinician-rated versions of the Check-Up based on the simple or weighted kappa values for the two types of ratings. Binary variables used simple kappas, and ordinal variables with three or more levels were examined using weighted kappas with Fleiss-Cohen weights. Results Based on Cohen’s Kappa values, we were able to establish that high levels of agreement existed between clinical assessors and lay interviewers, indicating that the instrument can be validly administered by community health workers without formal healthcare training. 13% of items had kappa values ranging between 0.10 and 0.39; 51% of items had kappa values between 0.4 and 0.69; and 36% of items had values of between 0.70 and 1.00. Conclusion Our findings indicate that there is potential for the Check-Up Self-Report instrument to be implemented in under-resourced health systems such as South Africa’s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon N Geffen
- Samson Institute for Ageing Research, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gabrielle Kelly
- Samson Institute for Ageing Research, 234 Upper Buitenkant Street, Cape Town, 8001, South Africa.
| | - John N Morris
- Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sophie Hogeveen
- Women's College Hospital Institute for Health System Solutions and Virtual Care; McMaster Institute for Research on Aging, Hamilton, Canada
| | - John Hirdes
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
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A Canadian Cohort Study to Evaluate the Outcomes Associated with a Multicenter Initiative to Reduce Antipsychotic Use in Long-Term Care Homes. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2020; 21:817-822. [PMID: 32493650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the impact of a multicenter intervention to reduce potentially inappropriate antipsychotic use in Canadian nursing homes at the individual and facility levels. DESIGN Longitudinal, population-based cohort study to evaluate the Canadian Foundation for Healthcare Improvement's Spreading Healthcare Innovations Initiative to reduce potentially inappropriate antipsychotic use in 6 provinces/territories. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Adults in nursing homes in 6 provinces/territories in Canada between 2014 and 2016. The sample involved 4927 residents in 45 intervention homes and 122,570 residents in 1193 control homes in the first quarter of the study. MEASURES Assessment data based on the Resident Assessment Instrument 2.0 were used in both settings to track antipsychotic use and to obtain risk-adjusters for a quality indicator on potentially inappropriate use. INTERVENTION Quality improvement teams in participating organizations were provided with education, training, and support to implement localized strategies intended to reduce antipsychotic medication use in residents without diagnosis of psychosis. RESULTS At the resident level, we found that the odds of remaining on potentially inappropriate antipsychotics were 0.75 in intervention compared with control homes after adjusting for age, sex, aggressive behavior, and cognition. These findings were evident within the pooled Canadian data as well as within provinces. At the facility level, the intervention homes had greater improvements in risk-adjusted quality indicator performance than the control homes, and this was true for the worst, median, and best-performing homes at baseline. There was no major change in the quality indicator for worsening of behavior symptoms. CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS The Canadian Foundation for Healthcare Improvement intervention was associated with a reduction in potentially inappropriate antipsychotic use at both the individual and facility levels of analysis. This improvement in performance was independent of secular trends toward reduced antipsychotic use in participating provinces. This suggests that substantial improvements in medication use may be achieved through targeted, collaborative quality improvement initiatives in long-term care.
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The Post-Acute Delayed Discharge Risk Scale: Derivation and Validation With Ontario Alternate Level of Care Patients in Ontario Complex Continuing Care Hospitals. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2020; 21:538-544.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2019.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Keefe J, Hande MJ, Aubrecht K, Daly T, Cloutier D, Taylor D, Hoben M, Stajduhar K, Cook H, Bourgeault IL, MacDonald L, Estabrooks CA. Team-Based Integrated Knowledge Translation for Enhancing Quality of Life in Long-term Care Settings: A Multi-method, Multi-sectoral Research Design. Int J Health Policy Manag 2020; 9:138-142. [PMID: 32331493 PMCID: PMC7182150 DOI: 10.15171/ijhpm.2019.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-sectoral, interdisciplinary health research is increasingly recognizing integrated knowledge translation (iKT) as essential. It is characterized by diverse research partnerships, and iterative knowledge engagement, translation processes and democratized knowledge production. This paper reviews the methodological complexity and decision-making of a large iKT project called Seniors - Adding Life to Years (SALTY), designed to generate evidence to improve late life in long-term care (LTC) settings across Canada. We discuss our approach to iKT by reviewing iterative processes of team development and knowledge engagement within the LTC sector. We conclude with a brief discussion of the important opportunities, challenges, and implications these processes have for LTC research, and the sector more broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice Keefe
- Department of Family Studies and Gerontology and Nova Scotia Centre on Aging, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | | | - Katie Aubrecht
- Department of Sociology, Saint Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, NS, Canada
| | - Tamara Daly
- Faculty of Health and York University Centre for Aging Research and Education, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Denise Cloutier
- Department of Geography, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Deanne Taylor
- Interior Health Authority British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Matthias Hoben
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Kelli Stajduhar
- Institute on Aging and Lifelong Health and School of Nursing, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Heather Cook
- Office of the Seniors Advocate, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | | | | | - Carole A Estabrooks
- Faculty of Nursing and School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Evaluation of the Predictive Accuracy of the interRAI Falls Clinical Assessment Protocol, Scott Fall Risk Screen, and a Supplementary Falls Risk Assessment Tool Used in Residential Long-Term Care: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Can J Aging 2020; 39:521-532. [PMID: 32172692 DOI: 10.1017/s0714980820000021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Falls in residential long-term care (LTC) facilities continue to be a leading cause of injury for residents and cost for the health care system. Interdisciplinary clinical teams are responsible for assessing risk levels for their residents and developing appropriate care plans and interventions in response. This study compares the predictive accuracy of three separate fall risk assessment tools: the interRAI Falls Clinical Assessment Protocol (CAP), derived from the LTC Facility (LTCF) or Minimum Data Set (MDS) 2.0 assessments; the Scott Fall Risk Screen; and a modified Fall Risk Tool that was implemented as part of a provincial Fall Reduction Strategy in Nova Scotia. To conduct this retrospective cohort study, secondary data were collected from 1,553 LTC residents with interRAI assessments completed between March 1, 2015 and September 29, 2016, across Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. For each resident, data were collected regarding the three fall risk assessments, along with fall incident data for use in sensitivity, specificity, and logistic regression analyses. This study found that although all three tools had limitations with sensitivity or specificity thresholds, the interRAI Falls CAP delivered the highest accuracy with a c-statistic of 0.673, compared with the Scott Fall Risk Screen at 0.529 and the modified Fall Risk Tool at 0.609. When diseases that have been established to be a risk factor for falls were added to the model, the overall accuracy of the interRAI Falls CAP combined with those covariates increased to 0.749. These results suggest that the best practice guidelines for fall risk assessment be revisited, and that the interRAI Falls CAP could potentially be updated to include certain diseases and controls for optimal predictive ability.
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Kaasalainen S, Hunter PV, Dal Bello-Haas V, Dolovich L, Froggatt K, Hadjistavropoulos T, Markle-Reid M, Ploeg J, Simard J, Thabane L, van der Steen JT, Volicer L. Evaluating the feasibility and acceptability of the Namaste Care program in long-term care settings in Canada. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2020; 6:34. [PMID: 32161658 PMCID: PMC7053118 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-020-00575-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Residents living and dying in long-term care (LTC) homes represent one of society's most frail and marginalized populations of older adults, particularly those residents with advanced dementia who are often excluded from activities that promote quality of life in their last months of life. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and effects of Namaste Care: an innovative program to improve end-of-life care for people with advanced dementia. METHODS This study used a mixed-method survey design to evaluate the Namaste Care program in two LTC homes in Canada. Pain, quality of life, and medication costs were assessed for 31 residents before and 6 months after they participated in Namaste Care. The program consisted of two 2-h sessions per day for 5 days per week. Namaste Care staff provided high sensory care to residents in a calm, therapeutic environment in a small group setting. Feasibility was assessed in terms of recruitment rate, number of sessions attended, retention rate, and any adverse events. Acceptability was assessed using qualitative interviews with staff and family. RESULTS The feasibility of Namaste Care was acceptable with a participation rate of 89%. However, participants received only 72% of the sessions delivered and only 78% stayed in the program for at least 3 months due to mortality. After attending Namaste Care, participants' pain and quality of life improved and medication costs decreased. Family members and staff perceived the program to be beneficial, noting positive changes in residents. The majority of participants were very satisfied with the program, providing suggestions for ongoing engagement throughout the implementation process. CONCLUSIONS These study findings support the implementation of the Namaste Care program in Canadian LTC homes to improve the quality of life for residents. However, further testing is needed on a larger scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Kaasalainen
- School of Nursing, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, HSC 3H48C, Hamilton, ON L8S 3Z1 Canada
- Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, 3H48C, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5 Canada
| | | | | | - Lisa Dolovich
- Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, 3H48C, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5 Canada
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | | | | | - Maureen Markle-Reid
- Aging, Community and Health Research Unit, School of Nursing, McMaster Institute for Research on Aging/Collaborative for Health and Aging, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, HSc 3N25B, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1 Canada
| | - Jenny Ploeg
- Aging, Community and Health Research Unit, School of Nursing, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, HSc 3N25C, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1 Canada
| | | | - Lehana Thabane
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Jenny T. van der Steen
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ladislav Volicer
- School of Aging Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL USA
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Spending Wisely: Home Care Reassessment Intervals and Cost in Ontario. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2020; 21:432-434.e2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2019.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Lane NE, Stukel TA, Boyd CM, Wodchis WP. Long-Term Care Residents' Geriatric Syndromes at Admission and Disablement Over Time: An Observational Cohort Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020; 74:917-923. [PMID: 29955879 PMCID: PMC6521919 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gly151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Disablement occurs when people lose their ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs) like bathing and dressing, and is measured as the rate of increasing disability over time. We examined whether balance impairment, cognitive impairment, or pain among residents at admission to long-term care homes were predictive of their rate of disablement over the subsequent 2 years. Methods Linked administrative databases were used to conduct a longitudinal cohort study of 12,334 residents admitted to 633 long-term care (LTC) homes between April 1, 2011 and March 31, 2012, in Ontario, Canada. Residents received an admission assessment of disability upon admission to LTC using the RAI-MDS 2.0 ADL long-form score (ADL LFS, range 0–28) and at least two subsequent disability assessments. Multivariable regression models estimated the adjusted association between balance impairment, cognitive impairment, and pain present at admission and residents’ subsequent disablement over 2 years. Results This population sample of newly admitted Ontario long-term care residents had a median disability score of 13 (interquartile range [IQR] = 7, 19) at admission. Greater balance impairment and cognitive impairment at admission were significantly associated with faster resident disablement over 2 years in adjusted models, while daily pain was not. Conclusions Balance impairment and cognitive impairment among newly admitted long-term care home residents are associated with increased rate of disablement over the following 2 years. Further research should examine the mechanisms driving this association and identify whether they are amenable to intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha E Lane
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thérèse A Stukel
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy & Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Cynthia M Boyd
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.,Johns Hopkins Center on Aging and Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Walter P Wodchis
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute for Better Health, Trillium Health Partners, Mississauga, Ontario
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Xiong B, Freeman S, Banner D, Spirgiene L. Hospice Utilization Among Residents in Long-Term Care Facilities. J Palliat Care 2020; 36:50-60. [PMID: 32093589 DOI: 10.1177/0825859720907415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hospice care can improve quality of life for persons nearing end of life, yet little is known about utilization of hospice care among persons residing in long-term care facilities (LTCFs). Given the increasing number of deaths that occur in LTCFs, it is important to examine hospice care practices in LTCFs. AIM The aim of the cross-sectional study was to describe residents who received hospice care in LTCFs and explore factors that can predict hospice use in LTCFs across Canada. This study included 185 715 residents aged 19 years or older in LTCFs in Canada in 2015. RESULTS Of all residents, 2.7% (n = 4973) received hospice care and 6.8% (n = 12 684) were profiled as having an end-stage disease. Among those who received hospice care, most were noted as end stage (89.5%) and had severe physical impairment (Activities of Daily Living Hierarchy Scale ≥ 5, 74.3%), mild-to-severe pain (Pain Scale ≥ 1, 76.0%), and moderate-to-severe health instability (Changes in Health, End-Stage Disease, Signs, and Symptoms Scale ≥3, 82.9%). Residents who received hospice care were in more severe and complex clinical conditions than those who did not receive hospice care. CONCLUSION Only a small proportion of residents in LTCFs received hospice care. Further investigation of standardized assessment of terminal status is needed as accuracy of end-stage diagnosis continues to be challenging and criteria for hospice eligibility are narrow. Special attention should be paid to improve access to hospice care among residents with dementia or other progressive chronic diseases with severe and complex clinical needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Xiong
- School of Health Sciences, 6727University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Shannon Freeman
- School of Nursing, 6727University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Davina Banner
- School of Nursing, 6727University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada.,Northern Medical Program, 6727University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lina Spirgiene
- Department of Nursing and Care, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
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Estabrooks CA, Straus SE, Flood CM, Keefe J, Armstrong P, Donner GJ, Boscart V, Ducharme F, Silvius JL, Wolfson MC. Restoring trust: COVID-19 and the future of long-term care in Canada. Facets (Ott) 2020. [DOI: 10.1139/facets-2020-0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The Royal Society of Canada Task Force on COVID-19 was formed in April 2020 to provide evidence-informed perspectives on major societal challenges in response to and recovery from COVID-19. The Task Force established a series of working groups to rapidly develop policy briefings, with the objective of supporting policy makers with evidence to inform their decisions. This paper reports the findings of the COVID-19 Long-Term Care (LTC) working group addressing a preferred future for LTC in Canada, with a specific focus on COVID-19 and the LTC workforce. First, the report addresses the research context and policy environment in Canada’s LTC sector before COVID-19 and then summarizes the existing knowledge base for integrated solutions to challenges that exist in the LTC sector. Second, the report outlines vulnerabilities exposed because of COVID-19, including deficiencies in the LTC sector that contributed to the magnitude of the COVID-19 crisis. This section focuses especially on the characteristics of older adults living in nursing homes, their caregivers, and the physical environment of nursing homes as important contributors to the COVID-19 crisis. Finally, the report articulates principles for action and nine recommendations for action to help solve the workforce crisis in nursing homes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sharon E. Straus
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Janice Keefe
- Department of Family Studies and Gerontology, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Pat Armstrong
- Department of Sociology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gail J. Donner
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Véronique Boscart
- CIHR/Schlegel Industrial Research Chair for Colleges in Seniors Care, Conestoga College, Kitchener, ON, Canada
| | | | - James L. Silvius
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Michael C. Wolfson
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health and Faculty of Law, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Lord J, Landry A, Savage GT, Weech-Maldonado R. Predicting Nursing Home Financial Distress Using the Altman Z-Score. INQUIRY: THE JOURNAL OF HEALTH CARE ORGANIZATION, PROVISION, AND FINANCING 2020; 57:46958020934946. [PMID: 32613878 PMCID: PMC7333488 DOI: 10.1177/0046958020934946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This article uses a modified Altman Z-score to predict financial distress within the nursing home industry. The modified Altman Z-score model uses multiple discriminant analysis (MDA) to examine multiple financial ratios simultaneously to assess a firm’s financial distress. This study utilized data from Medicare Cost Reports, LTCFocus, and the Area Resource File. Our sample consisted of 167 268 nursing home-year observations, or an average of 10 454 facilities per year, in the United States from 2000 through 2015. The independent financial variables, liquidity, profitability, efficiency, and net worth were entered stepwise into the MDA model. All of the financial variables, with the exception of net worth, significantly contributed to the discriminating power of the model. K-means clustering was used to classify the latent variable into 3 categorical groups: distressed, risk-of-financial distress, and healthy. These findings will provide policy makers and practitioners another tool to identify nursing homes that are at risk of financial distress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy Landry
- The University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
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Hoben M, Heninger A, Holroyd-Leduc J, Knopp-Sihota J, Estabrooks C, Goodarzi Z. Depressive symptoms in long term care facilities in Western Canada: a cross sectional study. BMC Geriatr 2019; 19:335. [PMID: 31791250 PMCID: PMC6889648 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-019-1298-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The main objective is to better understand the prevalence of depressive symptoms, in long-term care (LTC) residents with or without cognitive impairment across Western Canada. Secondary objectives are to examine comorbidities and other factors associated with of depressive symptoms, and treatments used in LTC. METHODS 11,445 residents across a random sample of 91 LTC facilities, from 09/2014 to 05/2015, were stratified by owner-operator model (private for-profit, public or voluntary not-for-profit), size (small: < 80 beds, medium: 80-120 beds, large > 120 beds), location (Calgary and Edmonton Health Zones, Alberta; Fraser and Interior Health Regions, British Columbia; Winnipeg Health Region, Manitoba). Random intercept generalized linear mixed models with depressive symptoms as the dependent variable, cognitive impairment as primary independent variable, and resident, care unit and facility characteristics as covariates were used. Resident variables came from the Resident Assessment Instrument - Minimum Data Set (RAI-MDS) 2.0 records (the RAI-MDS version routinely collected in Western Canadian LTC). Care unit and facility variables came from surveys completed with care unit or facility managers. RESULTS Depressive symptoms affects 27.1% of all LTC residents and 23.3% of LTC resident have both, depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment. Hypertension, urinary and fecal incontinence were the most common comorbidities. Cognitive impairment increases the risk for depressive symptoms (adjusted odds ratio 1.65 [95% confidence interval 1.43; 1.90]). Pain, anxiety and pulmonary disorders were also significantly associated with depressive symptoms. Pharmacologic therapies were commonly used in those with depressive symptoms, however there was minimal use of non-pharmacologic management. CONCLUSIONS Depressive symptoms are common in LTC residents -particularly in those with cognitive impairment. Depressive symptoms are an important target for clinical intervention and further research to reduce the burden of these illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Hoben
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Abigail Heninger
- Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jayna Holroyd-Leduc
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- O'Brien Institute of Public Health, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | | | - Zahra Goodarzi
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
- O'Brien Institute of Public Health, Calgary, AB, Canada.
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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Hoben M, Yoon MN, Lu L, Estabrooks CA. If we cannot measure it, we cannot improve it: Understanding measurement problems in routine oral/dental assessments in Canadian nursing homes-Part I. Gerodontology 2019; 37:153-163. [PMID: 31774205 DOI: 10.1111/ger.12449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare Resident Assessment Instrument-Minimum Data Set 2.0 (RAI) oral/dental items collected by nursing home (NH) care staff to (a) assessments collected by trained research assistants (RAs) and (b) "gold standard" clinical assessments by dental hygienists (DHs). BACKGROUND Routine collection of RAI oral/dental items is mandatory in most Canadian NHs. However, the performance of these items is less than optimal and oral/dental problems are severely under-reported. Accurate assessment is a prerequisite for preventing, detecting and treating oral health problems. Not knowing the reasons for performance problems is a barrier to improving performance of the RAI oral/dental items. MATERIALS AND METHODS We included 103 NH residents from 4 NHs in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Using Kappa statistics, we compared the agreement of residents' last (no older than 90 days) RAI assessment with RAI assessments completed by trained RAs and "gold standard" clinical assessments by DHs. We also assessed the inter-rater reliability (IRR) of RA and DH assessments. RESULTS Care staff assessments had poor agreement with RA and DH assessments (Kappa < 0.2 for most items). RAs and DHs identified more oral/dental problems than care staff. However, IRR of RA assessments was low (Kappa < 0.7 for 7/9 items). IRR of DH assessments was acceptable (Kappa > 0.7) for most items. CONCLUSIONS The quality of RAI oral/dental assessments can be improved by better training care staff and ensuring appropriate time to do the assessments. However, remaining problems-even with trained RAs-suggest that rewording some of the items or supplementing them by more robust tools may be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Hoben
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Minn N Yoon
- School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Lily Lu
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Xiong B, Freeman S, Banner D, Spirgiene L. Hospice use and one-year survivorship of residents in long-term care facilities in Canada: a cohort study. BMC Palliat Care 2019; 18:100. [PMID: 31718634 PMCID: PMC6852979 DOI: 10.1186/s12904-019-0480-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hospice care is designed for persons in the final phase of a terminal illness. However, hospice care is not used appropriately. Some persons who do not meet the hospice eligibility receive hospice care, while many persons who may have benefitted from hospice care do not receive it. This study aimed to examine the characteristics of, and one-year survivorship among, residents who received hospice care versus those who did not in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) in Canada. Methods This retrospective cohort study used linked health administrative data from the Canadian Continuing Reporting System (CCRS) and the Discharge Abstract Database (DAD). All persons who resided in a LTCF and who had a Resident Assessment Instrument Minimum Data Set Version 2.0 (RAI-MDS 2.0) assessment in the CCRS database between Jan. 1st, 2015 and Dec 31st, 2015 were included in this study (N = 185,715). Death records were linked up to Dec 31th, 2016. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed. Results The reported hospice care rate in LTCFs is critically low (less than 3%), despite one in five residents dying within 3 months of the assessment. Residents who received hospice care and died within 1 year were found to have more severe and complex health conditions than other residents. Compared to those who did not receive hospice care but died within 1 year, residents who received hospice care and were alive 1 year following the assessment were younger (a mean age of 79.4 [+ 13.5] years vs. 86.5 [+ 9.2] years), more likely to live in an urban LTCF (93.2% vs. 82.6%), had a higher percentage of having a diagnosis of cancer (50.7% vs. 12.9%), had a lower percentage of having a diagnosis of dementia (30.2% vs. 54.5%), and exhibited more severe acute clinical conditions. Conclusions The actual use of hospice care among LTCF residents is very poor in Canada. Several factors emerged as potential barriers to hospice use in the LTCF population including ageism, rurality, and a diagnosis of dementia. Improved understanding of hospice use and one-year survivorship may help LTCFs administrators, hospice care providers, and policy makers to improve hospice accessibility in this target group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Xiong
- School of Health Sciences, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Shannon Freeman
- School of Nursing, University of Northern British Columbia, 333 University Way, Prince George, British Columbia, V2N 4Z9, Canada.
| | - Davina Banner
- School of Nursing, University of Northern British Columbia, 333 University Way, Prince George, British Columbia, V2N 4Z9, Canada.,Northern Medical Program, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lina Spirgiene
- Department of Nursing and Care, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
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65
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Hill A, Ramsey C, Dodek P, Kozek J, Fransoo R, Fowler R, Doupe M, Wong H, Scales D, Garland A. Examining mechanisms for gender differences in admission to intensive care units. Health Serv Res 2019; 55:35-43. [PMID: 31709536 DOI: 10.1111/1475-6773.13215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether the male predominance of older people admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) is due to gender differences in the presence of spouses, partners, or children; rates of gender-specific disease; or triage decisions made by health system personnel. DATA SOURCES AND COLLECTION Three population-based datasets, 2004-2012, of Canadians ≥65 years: provincial health care data from Manitoba (n = 250 190) and national data of nursing home residents (n = 133 982) and community-based homecare recipients (n = 210 090). STUDY DESIGN Retrospective observational study, using multivariable Cox proportional hazards and logistic regression. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Males predominated in ICU admissions: from Manitoba (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.87, 95% CI = 1.80-1.95), nursing homes (HR = 1.47, 1.35-1.60), and homecare (odds ratio = 1.14, 1.11-1.17). Adjustment for spouses, partners, and children did not attenuate this effect. The HR for gender was lower by 13.5 percent, relative, after excluding ICU care for cardiac causes. Male predominance was not present during a second ICU admission among survivors of a first ICU-containing hospitalization (HR = 1.07, 0.96-1.20). CONCLUSIONS In three older cohorts, the male predominance of ICU admission was not explained by gender differences in the presence of a spouse, partner, or children, or cardiac disease rates. The third finding suggests that triage bias is unlikely to be responsible for the male predominance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Hill
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Clare Ramsey
- Department of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Peter Dodek
- Center for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jean Kozek
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Randy Fransoo
- Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Robert Fowler
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Malcolm Doupe
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Hubert Wong
- CIHR Canadian HIV Trials Network, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Damon Scales
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Allan Garland
- Department of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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66
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Hirdes JP, Heckman GA, Morinville A, Costa A, Jantzi M, Chen J, Hébert PC. One Way Out? A Multistate Transition Model of Outcomes After Nursing Home Admission. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2019; 20:1425-1431.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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67
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Comparing Changes and Transitions of Home Care Clients in Retirement Homes and Private Homes. Can J Aging 2019; 39:421-431. [PMID: 31412959 DOI: 10.1017/s0714980819000473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-stay home care clients mostly reside in private homes or retirement homes, and the type of residence may influence risk factors for long-term care placement. This multi-state analytic study uses RAI-Home Care and administrative data from the Hamilton Niagara Haldimand Brant Local Health Integration Network to model conceptualized states of risk at baseline through a 13-month follow-up period. Modifiable risk factors in these states were client loneliness or depressive symptoms, and caregiver distress. A higher adjusted likelihood of being discharged deceased was found for the lowest-risk clients in retirement homes. Adjusting for client, service, and caregiver characteristics, retirement home residency was associated with higher likelihood of placement in a long-term care home; reduced caregiver distress; and increased client loneliness/depression. As an alternative to private home settings as the location for aging in place among these long-stay home care clients, retirement home residency represents some trade-offs between client and informal caregiver.
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68
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Penning MJ, Cloutier DS, Nuernberger K, MacDonald SWS, Taylor D. Long-term Care Trajectories in Canadian Context: Patterns and Predictors of Publicly Funded Care. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2019; 73:1077-1087. [PMID: 27558402 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbw104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Drawing on a structural life course perspective (LCP), we examined the most common trajectories experienced by older long-term care (LTC; home and community-based care, assisted living, and nursing home care) recipients. The overall sequencing of care transitions was considered along with the role of social structural location, social and economic resources, and health factors in influencing them. Method Latent class and latent transition analyses were conducted using administrative data obtained over a 4-year period for clients aged 65 and older (n = 2,951) admitted into publicly funded LTC in 1 Canadian health region. Results Four main LTC trajectories were identified within which a wider range of more specific or secondary subtrajectories were embedded. These were shaped by social structural factors (age, gender, rural-urban residence), social and economic resources (marital status, income, payment for services), and health factors (chronic conditions, functional and cognitive impairment and decline, problematic behaviors). Discussion Our findings support the utility of a structural LCP for understanding LTC trajectories in later life. In doing so, they also reveal avenues for enhancing equitable access to care and the need for options that would increase continuity and minimize unnecessary, untimely, or undesirable transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret J Penning
- Department of Sociology, British Columbia, Canada.,Institute on Aging and Lifelong Health (IALH), British Columbia, Canada
| | - Denise S Cloutier
- Institute on Aging and Lifelong Health (IALH), British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Geography, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kim Nuernberger
- Institute on Aging and Lifelong Health (IALH), British Columbia, Canada
| | - Stuart W S MacDonald
- Institute on Aging and Lifelong Health (IALH), British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Deanne Taylor
- Fraser Health Authority, Surrey, British Columbia, Canada
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Abstract
RÉSUMÉAu Canada, la prévention et la prise en charge des démences ont atteint un point tournant. Bien que le taux de diagnostic des démences soit encore bas, le nombre de personnes qui en sont atteintes continue d’augmenter. Les politiques canadiennes en matière de soins de santé ont fait en sorte qu’un plus grand nombre de personnes avec démence vivent à la maison, où les soins sont principalement assurés par la famille, des amis ou des proches. Cette Note de politique présente un aperçu d’un document conjoint de l’Association canadienne des infirmières et infirmiers en gérontologie (AIIG) et de l’Association des infirmières et infirmiers autorisés de l’Ontario (AIIAO) devant le Comité sénatorial permanent des affaires sociales, des sciences et de la technologie. Le document expose le cadre contextuel et les recommandations pour les soins liés à la démence au Canada dans cinq domaines clés : les ressources du système de santé, la formation des prestataires de soins de santé, le logement, les partenaires de soins et l’intégration des soutiens offerts en services sociaux et de santé. Dans le cadre de ces cinq domaines clés, des interventions en matière de santé et de politiques sociales ont été examinées.
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70
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Song Y, Hoben M, Weeks L, Boström AM, Goodarzi ZS, Squires J, Doan H, Wagg A, Reid RC, Estabrooks C. Factors associated with the responsive behaviours of older adults living in long-term care homes towards staff: a systematic review protocol. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e028416. [PMID: 31142535 PMCID: PMC6549641 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the last decade, increasing research interest has been expressed in responsive behaviours of older adults living in long-term care (LTC) homes, including nursing homes and assisted living facilities. Responsive behaviours are not only a sign of underlying unmet needs, but when directed against (towards) paid staff can lead to decreased quality of work life, and may contribute to lower quality of care. In this systematic review, we aim to synthesise empirically based quantitative and qualitative evidence on factors and stakeholder (eg, staff and family members) experiences of factors associated with the responsive behaviours of people living in LTC directed towards staff. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This study will be a systematic review of published and 'grey' literature. Twelve bibliographical databases will be searched, and for each database, we will use appropriate subject headings and keywords that cover two concepts: LTC and responsive behaviour. No publication date or language filter will be used. The title and abstract of each extracted record will be screened, followed by screening of full text of included papers. Then data extraction and quality assessments will be undertaken. Each stage will be completed independently by pairs of authors. For quantitative studies, meta-analysis will be conducted if pooling is possible; otherwise, a critical narrative analysis will be conducted. For qualitative studies, thematic analysis will be conducted. Factors will then be organised at the individual, interpersonal, institutional and larger societal levels. Sensitivity analysis will be conducted to explore the influence of risk of bias and publication bias on the results. Subgroup analysis will be conducted for people who live with dementia and those who do not. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics approval is not required for this systematic review. The results of this study will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publication and presentation at professional conferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Song
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Matthias Hoben
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lori Weeks
- School of Nursing, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Anne-Marie Boström
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Division of Nursing, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Zahra S Goodarzi
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- O’Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Janet Squires
- School of Nursing, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Helen Doan
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Adrian Wagg
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - R Colin Reid
- Faculty of Health and Social Development, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Carole Estabrooks
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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71
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Turcotte LA, Perlman CM, Fries BE, Hirdes JP. Clinical predictors of protracted length of stay in Ontario Complex Continuing Care hospitals. BMC Health Serv Res 2019; 19:218. [PMID: 30953489 PMCID: PMC6451230 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-019-4024-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Post-acute care hospitals are often subject to patient flow pressures because of their intermediary position along the continuum of care between acute care hospitals and community care or residential long-term care settings. The purpose of this study was to identify patient attributes associated with a prolonged length of stay in Complex Continuing Care hospitals. Methods Using information collected using the interRAI Resident Assessment Instrument Minimum Data Set 2.0 (MDS 2.0), a sample of 91,113 episodes of care for patients admitted to Complex Continuing Care hospitals between March 31, 2001 and March 31, 2013 was established. All patients in the sample were either discharged to a residential long-term care facility (e.g., nursing home) or to the community. Long-stay patients for each discharge destination were identified based on a length of stay in the 95th percentile. A series of multivariate logistic regression models predicting long-stay patient status for each discharge destination pathway were fit to characterize the association between demographic factors, residential history, health severity measures, and service utilization on prolonged length of stay in post-acute care. Results Risk factors for prolonged length of stay in the adjusted models included functional and cognitive impairment, greater pressure ulcer risk, paralysis, antibiotic resistant and HIV infection need for a feeding tube, dialysis, tracheostomy, ventilator or a respirator, and psychological therapy. Protective factors included advanced age, medical instability, a greater number of recent hospital and emergency department visits, cancer diagnosis, pneumonia, unsteady gait, a desire to return to the community, and a support person who is positive towards discharge. Aggressive behaviour was only a risk factor for patients discharged to residential long-term care facilities. Cancer diagnosis, antibiotic resistant and HIV infection, and pneumonia were only significant factors for patients discharged to the community. Conclusions This study identified several patient attributes and process of care variables that are predictors of prolonged length of stay in post-acute care hospitals. This is valuable information for care planners and health system administrators working to improve patient flow in Complex Continuing Care and other post-acute care settings such as skilled nursing and inpatient rehabilitation facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke A Turcotte
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Chris M Perlman
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Brant E Fries
- Geriatrics Center, Department of Internal Medicine and School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - John P Hirdes
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
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Resident-Level Factors Associated with Hospitalization Rates for Newly Admitted Long-Term Care Residents in Canada: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Can J Aging 2019; 38:441-448. [DOI: 10.1017/s0714980818000715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
RÉSUMÉChez les résidents en soins de longue durée (SLD), l’hospitalisation peut amener des complications telles que le déclin fonctionnel. L’objectif de notre étude était d’examiner l’association entre les données démographiques et de santé et le taux d’hospitalisation des résidents nouvellement admis en SLD. Nous avons mené une étude de cohorte rétrospective incluant tous les centres de SLD de six provinces et d’un territoire du Canada, à l’aide des données de la RAI-MDS 2.0 et de la Discharge Abstract Database. Nous avons inclus les résidents nouvellement admis ayant eu une évaluation entre le 1er janvier et le 31 décembre 2013 (n = 37 998). Les résidents de sexe masculin avec une santé plus instable et une déficience fonctionnelle de modérée à grave présentaient des taux d’hospitalisation plus élevés, tandis que les résidents avec une déficience cognitive de modérée à grave avaient des taux moindres. Les résultats de notre étude pourraient contribuer à l’identification des résidents nouvellement admis qui seraient plus à risque d’hospitalisation et à l’élaboration de stratégies préventives plus ciblées, incluant la réadaptation, la planification préalable de soins, les soins palliatifs et les services gériatriques spécialisés.
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73
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Barriers to Staff Involvement in End-of-Life Decision-Making for Long-Term Care Residents with Dementia. Can J Aging 2019; 38:255-267. [PMID: 30739636 DOI: 10.1017/s0714980818000636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACTAlthough providing direct care to residents with dementia, long-term care (LTC) home staff of registered nurses', registered practical nurses', and personal support workers' involvement in end-of-life decision-making is rarely acknowledged. The purpose of this study was to examine barriers and facilitators to LTC home staff involvement in end-of-life decision-making for people with advanced dementia. We report on the barriers to staff involvement in decision-making. Using an interpretive descriptive design, four major barriers to staff involvement in decision-making were identified: (a) the predominance of a biomedical model of care; (b) a varied understanding of a palliative approach; (c) challenging relationships with families; and (d) a discomfort with discussing death. Findings suggest that the predominant biomedical model in LTC homes, while important, must be imbued with a philosophy that emphasizes relationships among residents with dementia, family and staff.
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‘That just breaks my heart’: Moral Concerns of Direct Care Workers Providing Palliative Care in LTC Homes. Can J Aging 2019; 38:268-280. [DOI: 10.1017/s0714980818000624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
RÉSUMÉLes publications traitant de l’éthique dans les soins de santé et des préoccupations morales des prestataires de soins sont le plus souvent centrées sur les professionnels de la santé et les dilemmes éthiques associés aux soins aigus et aux soins de santé de première ligne. Peu d’attention a été portée aux environnements de soins de longue durée (SLD) et au personnel non réglementé offrant des soins directs. Afin de combler cette lacune, cette recherche a examiné les préoccupations morales des préposés aux services de soutien à la personne qui apportent des soins directs aux résidents. Les données ont été recueillies dans le cadre d’un projet de recherche-action participative de cinq ans visant à formaliser les programmes de soins palliatifs dans les centres de SLD. Onze groupes de discussion se sont penchés sur les expériences des préposés fournissant des soins palliatifs dans les centres de SLD, leurs défis et leurs besoins de formation (n=45). Une analyse secondaire approfondie des préoccupations morales ressenties par ces préposés a été réalisée. L’identité des préposés a été marquée par la construction de relations étroites avec les résidents, à tel point qu’ils se décrivent souvent comme des membres de leur famille élargie. Les dilemmes moraux des préposés concernent principalement deux aspects : éviter que les résidents ne meurent pas dans la solitude et la prestation de soins adéquats et respectueux des volontés du résident. Les contraintes organisationnelles s’articulaient autour de quatre domaines spécifiques : les politiques, la hiérarchie, le temps et l’équilibre entre les besoins des résidents. Les préposés ont réagi de deux manières à leur détresse morale : par la négociation des contraintes ou par l’acceptation des contraintes. Ces résultats démontrent l’importance d’explorer davantage ces concepts chez le personnel de soins directs dans les centres de SLD.
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75
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Negm AM, Ioannidis G, Jantzi M, Bucek J, Giangregorio L, Pickard L, Hirdes JP, Adachi JD, Richardson J, Thabane L, Papaioannou A. Validation of a one year fracture prediction tool for absolute hip fracture risk in long term care residents. BMC Geriatr 2018; 18:320. [PMID: 30587140 PMCID: PMC6307179 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-018-1010-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frail older adults living in long term care (LTC) homes have a high fracture risk, which can result in reduced quality of life, pain and death. The Fracture Risk Scale (FRS) was designed for fracture risk assessment in LTC, to optimize targeting of services in those at highest risk. This study aims to examine the construct validity and discriminative properties of the FRS in three Canadian provinces at 1-year follow up. METHODS LTC residents were included if they were: 1) Adults admitted to LTC homes in Ontario (ON), British Columbia (BC) and Manitoba (MB) Canada; and 2) Received a Resident Assessment Instrument Minimum Data Set Version 2.0. After admission to LTC, one-year hip fracture risk was evaluated for all the included residents using the FRS (an eight-level risk scale, level 8 represents the highest fracture risk). Multiple logistic regressions were used to determine the differences in incident hip or all clinical fractures across the provinces and FRS risk levels. We examined the differences in incident hip or all clinical fracture for each FRS level across the three provinces (adjusted for age, BMI, gender, fallers and previous fractures). We used the C-statistic to assess the discriminative properties of the FRS for each province. RESULTS Descriptive statistics on the LTC populations in ON (n = 29,848), BC (n = 3129), and MB (n = 2293) are: mean (SD) age 82 (10), 83 (10), and 84 (9), gender (female %) 66, 64, and 70% respectively. The incident hip fractures and all clinical fractures for FRS risk level were similar among the three provinces and ranged from 0.5 to 19.2% and 1 to 19.2% respectively. The overall discriminative properties of the FRS were similar between ON (C-statistic = 0.673), BC (C-statistic = 0.644) and MB (C-statistic = 0.649) samples. CONCLUSION FRS is a valid tool for identifying LTC residents at different risk levels for hip or all clinical fractures in three provinces. Having a fracture risk assessment tool that is tailored to the LTC context and embedded within the routine clinical assessment may have significant implications for policy, service delivery and care planning, and may improve care for LTC residents across Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Negm
- Geriatric Education and Research in Aging Sciences (GERAS), St Peter's Hospital, 88 Maplewood Ave, Hamilton, ON, Canada. .,School of Rehabilitation Sciences, IAHS 403, McMaster University, 1400 Main St. W., Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 1C7, Canada.
| | - George Ioannidis
- Geriatric Education and Research in Aging Sciences (GERAS), St Peter's Hospital, 88 Maplewood Ave, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Micaela Jantzi
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jenn Bucek
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lora Giangregorio
- Geriatric Education and Research in Aging Sciences (GERAS), St Peter's Hospital, 88 Maplewood Ave, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Kinesiology and Schlegel-UW Research Institute for Aging, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura Pickard
- Geriatric Education and Research in Aging Sciences (GERAS), St Peter's Hospital, 88 Maplewood Ave, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - John P Hirdes
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan D Adachi
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julie Richardson
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, IAHS 403, McMaster University, 1400 Main St. W., Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 1C7, Canada.,Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main St West, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Lehana Thabane
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main St West, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Alexandra Papaioannou
- Geriatric Education and Research in Aging Sciences (GERAS), St Peter's Hospital, 88 Maplewood Ave, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main St West, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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76
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Sussman T, Kaasalainen S, Lee E, Akhtar-Danesh N, Strachan PH, Brazil K, Bonifas R, Bourgeois-Guérin V, Durivage P, Papaioannou A, Young L. Condition-Specific Pamphlets to Improve End-of-life Communication in Long-term Care: Staff Perceptions on Usability and Use. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2018; 20:262-267. [PMID: 30583908 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This article reports findings on the usability and staff use of 5 condition- specific pamphlets of high prevalence in long-term care (LTC): dementia, heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, renal failure, and frailty. The pamphlets were created in response to residents', families', and staff's recommendations for activating early reflections and communication about end-of-life care. DESIGN A mixed-method (qualitative and quantitative) survey design was used. Step 1 collected survey data on the usability of the pamphlets. Step 2 collected survey data on pamphlet use. SETTINGS AND PARTICIPANTS Two nurses with specialized palliative care training, 2 resident/family representatives, 10 condition-specific specialists, and 33 LTC palliative leads reviewed the pamphlets for usability prior to distribution. A total of 178 LTC home staff in 4 participating LTC homes reported on pamphlet use. MEASURES Specialists and resident/family representatives were asked to provide open comments and LTC home palliative leads were asked to complete a survey on the accuracy, readability, and relevance of the pamphlets. After 6 months of distribution, all staff in participating LTC homes were asked to complete a survey on pamphlet use, usefulness, and comfort with distribution. RESULTS The pamphlets were reportedly accurate, relevant, and easy to understand. Following 6 months of availability, most staff in LTC had read the pamphlets, found the information useful, and planned to share them. However, half of the staff questioned their role in pamphlet distribution and most had not distributed them. Regulated staff (ie, staff affiliated with a regulated profession) expressed more comfort sharing the pamphlets than care aides and support staff. CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS Condition-specific pamphlets appear to hold promise in providing residents and families with relevant information that may activate early reflections and conversations about end-of-life care. However, structured implementation strategies, training, and discussions are required to improve staff comfort with distribution and explore roles in distribution and follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eunyoung Lee
- School of Social Work, McGill University, Canada
| | | | | | - Kevin Brazil
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queens University Belfast, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Patrick Durivage
- Montreal Central West University Affiliated Health and Social Service Network, Canada
| | | | - Laurel Young
- Creative Arts Therapies Department, Concordia University, Canada
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Heckman GA, Hirdes JP, Hébert PC, Morinville A, Amaral ACKB, Costa A, McKelvie RS. Predicting Future Health Transitions Among Newly Admitted Nursing Home Residents With Heart Failure. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2018; 20:438-443. [PMID: 30573437 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2018.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To understand how a heart failure diagnosis and admission health instability predict health transitions and outcomes among newly admitted nursing home residents. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study of linked administrative data, including the Continuing Care Report System MDS 2.0 for nursing homes, the Discharge Abstract Database for hospitalized patients, and National Ambulatory Care Reporting System to track emergency department visits. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Older adults, aged 65 years and above, admitted to nursing homes in Ontario, Alberta, and British Columbia, Canada, from 2010 to 2016. MEASURES Mortality and hospitalization were plotted over 1 year. Multistate Markov models were used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for transitions to different states of health in stability, hospitalization, and death, stratified by heart failure diagnosis and by interRAI Changes in Health and End-stage disease Signs and Symptoms (CHESS) score, at 90 days following admission to a nursing home. RESULTS The final sample included 143,067 residents. Adverse events were most common in the first 90 days. A diagnosis of heart failure predicted worsening health instability, hospitalizations, and mortality. The effect of heart failure on hospitalizations and death was strongest for low baseline health instability (CHESS = 0; OR 1.63, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.58-1.68, and OR 1.71, 95% CI 1.57-1.86, respectively), versus moderate instability (CHESS = 1-2; OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.32-1.39, and OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.41-1.55), versus high instability (CHESS = 3; OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.03-1.23, and OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.11-1.32). The magnitude of the impact of a heart failure diagnosis was greatest for lower baseline health instability. Residents with the highest degree of health instability were also most likely to die in hospital. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS A diagnosis of heart failure and health instability provide complementary information to predict transfers, deaths, and adverse outcomes. Clearly identifying these at-risk patients may be useful in targeting interventions in nursing homes.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A Heckman
- Research Institute for Ageing, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada; School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
| | - John P Hirdes
- Research Institute for Ageing, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul C Hébert
- Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal et Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Anne Morinville
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Andre C K B Amaral
- Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew Costa
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Who Is (Still) Looking After Mom and Dad? Few Improvements in Care Aides' Quality-of-Work Life. Can J Aging 2018; 38:35-50. [PMID: 30298797 DOI: 10.1017/s0714980818000338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACTUnregulated care aides provide most of the direct care to nursing home residents. We previously reported the first demographic profile of care aides in Western Canada through the Translating Research in Elder Care (TREC) longitudinal research program (2007-2022) in applied health services. Here we describe demographic, health, and work life characteristics of aides from 91 nursing homes in Western Canada. Demographics and work life varied significantly across health regions and facility owner-operator models. Our longitudinal cohort of aides from Alberta and Winnipeg had higher emotional exhaustion (a negative attribute), professional efficacy (a positive attribute), and experience of dementia-related responsive behaviours from residents. Overall, results indicate little improvement or worsening of care aide health and quality of work life. Coupled with limited provincial or national initiatives for workforce planning and training of these workers, this signals a long-term care system ill-prepared to care effectively for Canada's aging population.
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Boscart VM, Sidani S, Poss J, Davey M, d'Avernas J, Brown P, Heckman G, Ploeg J, Costa AP. The associations between staffing hours and quality of care indicators in long-term care. BMC Health Serv Res 2018; 18:750. [PMID: 30285716 PMCID: PMC6171224 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-018-3552-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term care (LTC) staffing practices are poorly understood as is their influence on quality of care. We examined the relationship between staffing characteristics and residents' quality of care indicators at the unit level in LTC homes. METHODS This cross-sectional study collected data from administrative records and resident assessments from July 2014 to June 2015 at 11 LTC homes in Ontario, Canada comprising of 55 units and 32 residents in each unit. The sample included 69 registered nurses, 183 licensed/registered practical nurses, 858 nursing assistants, and 2173 residents. Practice sensitive, risk-adjusted quality indicators were described individually, then combined to create a quality of care composite ranking per unit. A multilevel regression model was used to estimate the association between staffing characteristics and quality of care composite ranking scores. RESULTS Nursing assistants provided the majority of direct care hours in LTC homes (76.5%). The delivery of nursing assistant care hours per resident per day was significantly associated with higher quality of resident care (p = < 0.01). There were small but significant associations with quality of care for nursing assistants with seven or more years of experience (p = 0.02), nursing assistants late to shift (p = < 0.01) and licensed/registered practical nurses late to shift (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS The number of care hours per resident per day delivered by NAs is an important contributor to residents' quality of care in LTC homes. These findings can inform hiring and retention strategies for NAs in LTC, as well as examine opportunities to optimize the NA role in these settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronique M Boscart
- Schlegel Centre for Advancing Seniors Care, 299 Doon Valley Drive, Kitchener, ON, N2G 4M4, Canada. .,Conestoga College Institute of Technology and Advanced Learning, Doon Campus, Rm 2A220, 299 Doon Valley Drive, Kitchener, ON, N2G 4M4, Canada. .,Schlegel-University of Waterloo Research Institute for Aging, 250 Laurelwood Dr, Waterloo, ON, N2J 0E2, Canada.
| | - Souraya Sidani
- Ryerson University, 350 Victoria St, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Poss
- University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L3G1, Canada
| | - Meaghan Davey
- Schlegel Centre for Advancing Seniors Care, 299 Doon Valley Drive, Kitchener, ON, N2G 4M4, Canada.,Conestoga College Institute of Technology and Advanced Learning, Doon Campus, Rm 2A220, 299 Doon Valley Drive, Kitchener, ON, N2G 4M4, Canada.,McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Josie d'Avernas
- Schlegel-University of Waterloo Research Institute for Aging, 250 Laurelwood Dr, Waterloo, ON, N2J 0E2, Canada.,Schlegel Villages, 325 Max Becker Dr, Kitchener, ON, N2E 4H5, Canada
| | - Paul Brown
- Schlegel Villages, 325 Max Becker Dr, Kitchener, ON, N2E 4H5, Canada
| | - George Heckman
- University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L3G1, Canada.,Schlegel-University of Waterloo Research Institute for Aging, 250 Laurelwood Dr, Waterloo, ON, N2J 0E2, Canada
| | - Jenny Ploeg
- McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Andrew P Costa
- Schlegel-University of Waterloo Research Institute for Aging, 250 Laurelwood Dr, Waterloo, ON, N2J 0E2, Canada.,McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
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80
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Slaughter SE, Jones CA, Eliasziw M, Ickert C, Estabrooks CA, Wagg AS. The Changing Landscape of Continuing Care in Alberta: Staff and Resident Characteristics in Supportive Living and Long-Term Care. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 14:44-56. [PMID: 30129434 PMCID: PMC6147366 DOI: 10.12927/hcpol.2018.25549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
With provincial policy changing institutional care provision for older adults who are unable to safely remain at home, supportive living represents a new middle-ground to provide care for older adults. We compared characteristics of supportive living staff and residents to those in long-term care (LTC), using facility and staff surveys, as well as administrative Resident Assessment Instrument (RAI) data, to describe differences and similarities between facility types. Data analysis included t-tests, chi-square tests, ridit analyses and odds ratios. Participants from 15 supportive living facilities were compared to participants from eight LTC homes. Supportive living healthcare aides were younger, worked fewer years and were more likely to work full time than LTC healthcare aides. LTC residents were more likely than supportive living residents to have: cognitive impairment, medical instability, and activities of daily living dependence. This knowledge, which situates supportive living in the new care continuum, is useful for policy makers and administrators deciding on interventions and clinical guidelines for care groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan E Slaughter
- Associate Professor, Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB
| | - C Allyson Jones
- Professor, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB
| | - Misha Eliasziw
- Associate Professor, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Carla Ickert
- Research Manager, Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB
| | | | - Adrian S Wagg
- Professor, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB
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McArthur C, Hirdes J, Chaurasia A, Berg K, Giangregorio L. Quality Changes after Implementation of an Episode of Care Model with Strict Criteria for Physical Therapy in Ontario's Long-Term Care Homes. Health Serv Res 2018; 53:4863-4885. [PMID: 30091461 DOI: 10.1111/1475-6773.13020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the proportion of residents receiving rehabilitation in long-term care (LTC) homes, and scores on activities of daily living (ADL) and falls quality indicators (QIs) before and after change from fee-for-service to an episode of care model; and to evaluate the effect of the change on the QIs. DATA SOURCES Secondary data were collected from all LTC homes in Ontario, Canada, between January 1, 2011 and March 31, 2015. Variables of interest were the proportion of residents per home receiving physical therapy (PT), and the scores on seven ADL and one falls QI. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective, longitudinal study. DATA EXTRACTION All data were extracted from the Resident Assessment Instrument Minimum Data Set. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Fewer residents received PT after the policy change (84.6 percent, 2011; 56.6 percent, 2015). The policy change was associated with improved performance on several ADL QIs. However, having a large proportion of residents receive no PT or little PT was associated with poorer performance on two of the QIs measuring improvement in ADLs [No PT: -0.029 (-0.043 to -0.014); -0.048 (-0.068 to -0.027). PT <45 minutes per week: -0.012 (-0.026 to -0.002); -0.026 (-0.045 to -0.007); p < .01]. CONCLUSIONS While controversial, the policy and subsequent PT service delivery change appears to be associated with improved performance on several ADL QIs, except in homes where a large proportion of residents receive no PT and low time-intensive PT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin McArthur
- GERAS Centre for Aging Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - John Hirdes
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Ashok Chaurasia
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Katherine Berg
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lora Giangregorio
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.,Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Schlegel-UW Research Institute for Aging, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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A Scoping Review of Physical Rehabilitation in Long-Term Care: Interventions, Outcomes, Tools. Can J Aging 2018; 36:435-452. [PMID: 29130428 DOI: 10.1017/s071498081700040x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Residents in long-term care (LTC) often require physical rehabilitation (PR) to maintain/improve physical function. This scoping review described the breadth of literature regarding PR in LTC to date, synthesizing PR interventions that have been evaluated, outcomes used, and tools for determining service eligibility. A structured search, conducted in six licensed databases and grey literature, identified 381 articles for inclusion. Most interventions were delivered and evaluated at the resident level and typically were multicomponent exercise programs. Performance-based measures, activities of daily living, and mood were the most frequently reported outcomes. A key knowledge gap was PR in relation to goals, such as quality of life. Future studies should reflect medically complex residents who live in LTC, and length of residents' stay should be differentiated. Intervention studies should also explore realistic delivery methods; moreover, tool development for determining service eligibility is necessary to ensure equality in rehabilitative care across the LTC sector.
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83
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Heckman GA, Shamji AK, Ladha R, Stapleton J, Boscart V, Boxer RS, Martin LB, Crutchlow L, McKelvie RS. Heart Failure Management in Nursing Homes: A Scoping Literature Review. Can J Cardiol 2018; 34:871-880. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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Dash D, Heckman GA, Boscart VM, Costa AP, Killingbeck J, d'Avernas JR. Using powerful data from the interRAI MDS to support care and a learning health system: A case study from long-term care. Healthc Manage Forum 2018; 31:153-159. [PMID: 29890857 DOI: 10.1177/0840470417743989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
interRAI is a non-profit international consortium of clinicians and scientists who have developed the Minimum Data Set (MDS) 2.0 assessment to systematically identify the health status and care plan of residents in Long-Term Care (LTC). However, LTC staff often fail to realize the clinical utility of this information, viewing it as "data collection for funding purposes" and an administrative task adding to the daily workload. This article reports how one research institute and senior living organization work together to use MDS 2.0 and other information to support better care for residents, plan resource allocation and staffing models, and conduct applied research for older Canadians. A multi-level approach is described on how MDS 2.0 provides a robust infrastructure at the individual, team, organizational, and system levels. Long-term care stakeholders can do much more to unleash the full potential of this powerful tool, and other healthcare sectors can take advantage of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darly Dash
- 1 Schlegel-UW Research Institute for Aging, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - George A Heckman
- 1 Schlegel-UW Research Institute for Aging, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.,2 School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Veronique M Boscart
- 1 Schlegel-UW Research Institute for Aging, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.,3 Conestoga College, Schlegel Centre for Advancing Senior Care, Kitchener, Ontario, Canada.,4 Schlegel Villages, Kitchener, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew P Costa
- 1 Schlegel-UW Research Institute for Aging, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.,5 Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Josie R d'Avernas
- 1 Schlegel-UW Research Institute for Aging, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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Boscart VM, Heckman G, Davey M, Heyer M, Hirdes JP. Impact of the applied simulated and integrated learning approach on nursing assistants' knowledge and confidence caring for frail seniors in nursing homes. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2018; 4:77. [PMID: 29785281 PMCID: PMC5950201 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-018-0272-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing importance is being placed on optimizing the role of Nursing Aides (NAs) in improving quality of care for nursing home (NH) residents. One approach to do so is to have NAs participate in assessments embedded within the Minimum Data Set (MDS). This pilot study aimed to design and evaluate the Applied Simulated and Integrated Learning Approach (ASILA) program, a novel innovative training program for NAs employed in NHs to enhance their ability to assess residents within an inter-professional framework. Methods A mixed quantitative and qualitative repeated measures design was used to assess changes in NAs' knowledge and perception of assessments and resident clinical outcomes. Additionally, focus groups were conducted with NAs upon completion of the ASILA program. A total of 23 NAs and nurses in NHs in two Canadian provinces participated. The ASILA pilot program consisted of three selected modules; each module including an evidence-informed case-scenario, assessments, the use of appropriate MDS tools and documentation, care planing and reporting systems. ASILA was delivered over the course of two days per home. The primary outcome measure focused on the impact of ASILA on NA knowledge and confidence in assessing residents and understanding the relevance and use of elements if the MDS tools. Secondary outcomes included NAs' satisfaction with ASILA and the impact of ASILA on resident clinical outcomes. Data were collected one week prior, immediately after, and three months after the ASILA program. Results Following ASILA, NAs reported increased knowledge test scores and confidence in assessing residents by using MDS tools, although this did not reach significance after multiple testing (p = 0.0256 and p = 0.1541 respectively). NAs reported more confidence in providing care to residents (77.8%) and felt that the care provided was more resident-centered (83.3%) than before the ASILA program. There were no significant trends in improved resident outcomes following ASILA. Conclusion Pilot findings indicate that the ASILA program could be a successful approach to support NAs to enhance their ability to assess residents in an inter-professional framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronique M Boscart
- 1CIHR/Schlegel Industrial Research Chair for Colleges in Seniors Care, Schlegel Centre for Advancing Seniors Care, Conestoga College Institute of Technology and Advanced Learning, Kitchener, Canada
| | - George Heckman
- 2Schlegel Research Chair in Geriatric Medicine, Schlegel-University of Waterloo Research Institute for Aging, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Meaghan Davey
- 3Schlegel Centre for Advancing Seniors Care, Conestoga College Institute of Technology and Advanced Learning, Kitchener, Canada
| | - Michelle Heyer
- 4Conestoga College Institute of Technology and Advanced Learning, Kitchener, Canada
| | - John P Hirdes
- 5School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
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Doupe MB, Poss J, Norton PG, Garland A, Dik N, Zinnick S, Lix LM. How well does the minimum data set measure healthcare use? a validation study. BMC Health Serv Res 2018; 18:279. [PMID: 29642929 PMCID: PMC5896092 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-018-3089-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To improve care, planners require accurate information about nursing home (NH) residents and their healthcare use. We evaluated how accurately measures of resident user status and healthcare use were captured in the Minimum Data Set (MDS) versus administrative data. Methods This retrospective observational cohort study was conducted on all NH residents (N = 8832) from Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, between April 1, 2011 and March 31, 2013. Six study measures exist. NH user status (newly admitted NH residents, those who transferred from one NH to another, and those who died) was measured using both MDS and administrative data. Rates of in-patient hospitalizations, emergency department (ED) visits without subsequent hospitalization, and physician examinations were also measured in each data source. We calculated the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values (PPV, NPV), and overall agreement (kappa, κ) of each measure as captured by MDS using administrative data as the reference source. Also for each measure, logistic regression tested if the level of disagreement between data systems was associated with resident age and sex plus NH owner-operator status. Results MDS accurately identified newly admitted residents (κ = 0.97), those who transferred between NHs (κ = 0.90), and those who died (κ = 0.95). Measures of healthcare use were captured less accurately by MDS, with high levels of both under-reporting and false positives (e.g., for in-patient hospitalizations sensitivity = 0.58, PPV = 0.45), and moderate overall agreement levels (e.g., κ = 0.39 for ED visits). Disagreement was sometimes greater for younger males, and for residents living in for-profit NHs. Conclusions MDS can be used as a stand-alone tool to accurately capture basic measures of NH use (admission, transfer, and death), and by proxy NH length of stay. As compared to administrative data, MDS does not accurately capture NH resident healthcare use. Research investigating these and other healthcare transitions by NH residents requires a combination of the MDS and administrative data systems. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12913-018-3089-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm B Doupe
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, 408-727 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3P5, Canada. .,Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, University of Manitoba, 408-727 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3P5, Canada.
| | - Jeff Poss
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue W, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Peter G Norton
- University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Allan Garland
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, 820 Sherbrook St, Winnipeg, MB, R3A 1R9, Canada
| | - Natalia Dik
- Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, University of Manitoba, 408-727 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3P5, Canada
| | - Shauna Zinnick
- George & Fay Yee Centre for Healthcare Innovation, University of Manitoba, 4th floor, 753 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0T6, Canada
| | - Lisa M Lix
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, 408-727 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3P5, Canada
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Kortes-Miller K, Boulé J, Wilson K, Stinchcombe A. Dying in Long-Term Care: Perspectives from Sexual and Gender Minority Older Adults about Their Fears and Hopes for End of Life. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL WORK IN END-OF-LIFE & PALLIATIVE CARE 2018; 14:209-224. [PMID: 30457453 DOI: 10.1080/15524256.2018.1487364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
As lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) communities age, many individuals expect a need to enter the long-term care system toward the end of life. Not unlike most aging Canadians, this anticipation is met with concern and fear. However, previous research suggests that older LGBTQ + individuals have unique fears often related to personal safety and discrimination. This qualitative study examined the hopes and fears of older LGBTQ + adults considering long-term care as they face end of life. Data were collected from three focus groups in Ontario, Canada, and analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. Specific and frequent reference to fear of entering long-term care homes was common across all focus groups, as participants anticipated: social isolation, decreased independence and capacity for decision-making, increased vulnerability to LGBTQ+-related stigma as well as exposure to unsafe social and physical environments. The results from this study, therefore, emphasize the need for palliative care specialists and long-term care home staff to address the unique health needs of older LGBTQ + adults nearing the end of life in order to work toward allaying fears and creating supportive and inclusive long-term care environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Kortes-Miller
- a School of Social Work , Lakehead University , Orillia , Ontario , Canada
- b Centre for Education and Research on Aging and Health (CERAH) , Lakehead University , Orillia , Ontario , Canada
| | - Jessica Boulé
- c Department of Family Relations and Applied Nutrition , University of Guelph , Guelph , Ontario , Canada
| | - Kimberley Wilson
- c Department of Family Relations and Applied Nutrition , University of Guelph , Guelph , Ontario , Canada
| | - Arne Stinchcombe
- d Faculty of Human Sciences , Saint Paul University , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
- e School of Psychology , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
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88
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Sinn CLJ, Betini RSD, Wright J, Eckler L, Chang BW, Hogeveen S, Turcotte L, Hirdes JP. Adverse Events in Home Care: Identifying and Responding with interRAI Scales and Clinical Assessment Protocols. Can J Aging 2018; 37:60-69. [PMID: 29306338 PMCID: PMC5851050 DOI: 10.1017/s0714980817000538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Outcomes of adverse events in home care are varied and multifactorial. This study tested a framework combining two health measures to identify home care recipients at higher risk of long-term care placement or death within one year. Both measures come from the Resident Assessment Instrument-Home Care (RAI-HC), a standardized comprehensive clinical assessment. Persons scoring high in the Method for Assigning Priority Levels (MAPLe) algorithm and Changes in Health, End-stage disease, Signs and Symptoms (CHESS) scale were at the greatest risk of placement or death and more than twice as likely to experience either outcome earlier than others. The target group was more likely to trigger mood, social relationship, and caregiver distress issues, suggesting mental health and psychosocial interventions might help in addition to medical care and/or personal support services. Home care agencies can use this framework to identify home care patients who may require a more intensive care coordinator approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lorri Eckler
- Central Local Health Integration
Network, Richmond Hill, ON
| | | | - Sophie Hogeveen
- School of Public Health and Health
Systems, University of Waterloo
| | - Luke Turcotte
- School of Public Health and Health
Systems, University of Waterloo
| | - John P. Hirdes
- School of Public Health and Health
Systems, University of Waterloo
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89
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Measuring health related quality of life (HRQoL) in community and facility-based care settings with the interRAI assessment instruments: development of a crosswalk to HUI3. Qual Life Res 2018; 27:1295-1309. [PMID: 29435802 PMCID: PMC5891555 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-018-1800-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) measures are of interest because they can be used to describe health of populations and represent a broader health outcome for population health analyses than mortality rates or life expectancy. The most widely used measure of HRQoL for deriving estimates of health-adjusted life expectancy is the Health Utilities Index Mark 3 (HUI3). The HUI3 is available in most national surveys administered by Statistics Canada, and has been used as part of a microsimulation model to examine the impact of neurological conditions over the life course. Persons receiving home care and nursing home services are often not well-represented in these surveys; however, interRAI assessment instruments are now used as part of normal clinical practice in these settings for nine Canadian provinces/territories. Building on previous research that developed a HUI2 crosswalk for the interRAI assessments, the present study examined a new interRAI HRQoL index crosswalked to the HUI3. Methods interRAI and survey data were used to examine the distributional properties of global and domain-specific interRAI HRQoL and HUI3 index scores, respectively. Three populations were considered: well-elderly persons not receiving home care, home care clients and nursing home residents. Results The mean HUI3 and interRAI HRQoL index global scores declined from independent healthy older persons to home care clients, followed by nursing home residents. For the home care and nursing home populations, the interRAI HRQoL global estimates tended to be lower than HUI3 global scores obtained from survey respondents. While there were some statistically significant age, sex and diagnostic group differences in global scores and within attributes, the most notable differences were between populations from different care settings. Discussion The present study provides strong evidence for the validity of the interRAI HRQoL based on comparisons of distributional properties with those obtained with survey data based on the HUI3. The results demonstrate the importance of admission criteria for home care and nursing home settings, where function plays a more important role than demographic or diagnostic criteria. The interRAI HRQoL has a distinct advantage because it is gathered as part of normal clinical practice in care settings where interRAI instruments are mandatory and are used to assess all eligible persons in those sectors. In particular, those with severe cognitive and functional impairments (who tend to be under-represented in survey data) will be evaluated using the interRAI tools. Future research should build on this work by providing direct, person-level comparisons of interRAI HRQoL index and HUI3 scores, as well as longitudinal analyses to examine responsiveness to change.
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90
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Cheung ENM, Benjamin S, Heckman G, Ho JMW, Lee L, Sinha SK, Costa AP. Clinical characteristics associated with the onset of delirium among long-term nursing home residents. BMC Geriatr 2018; 18:39. [PMID: 29394886 PMCID: PMC5797375 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-018-0733-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nursing home residents are frail, have multiple medical comorbidities, and are at high risk for delirium. Most of the existing evidence base on delirium is derived from studies in the acute in-patient population. We examine the association between clinical characteristics and medication use with the incidence of delirium during the nursing home stay. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study of 1571 residents from 12 nursing homes operated by a single care provider in Ontario, Canada. Residents were over the age of 55 and admitted between February 2010 and December 2015 with no baseline delirium and a minimum stay of 180 days. Residents with moderate or worse cognitive impairment at baseline were excluded. The baseline and follow-up characteristics of residents were collected from the Resident Assessment Instrument-Minimal Data Set 2.0 completed at admission and repeated quarterly until death or discharge. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify characteristics and medication use associated with the onset of delirium. Results The incidence of delirium was 40.4% over the nursing home stay (mean LOS: 32 months). A diagnosis of dementia (OR: 2.54, p < .001), the presence of pain (OR: 1.64, p < .001), and the use of antipsychotics (OR: 1.87, p < .001) were significantly associated with the onset of delirium. Compared to residents who did not develop delirium, residents who developed a delirium had a greater increase in the use of antipsychotics and antidepressants over the nursing home stay. Conclusions Dementia, the presence of pain, and the use of antipsychotics were associated with the onset of delirium. Pain monitoring and treatment may be important to decrease delirium in nursing homes. Future studies are necessary to examine the prescribing patterns in nursing homes and their association with delirium. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12877-018-0733-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Ning Man Cheung
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, IHB/HSC-McMaster 3016, Victoria 10B St. S., Kitchener, ON, N2G 1C5, Canada.
| | - Sophiya Benjamin
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - George Heckman
- Schlegel Research Institute for Aging, Waterloo, ON, Canada.,School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Joanne Man-Wai Ho
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, IHB/HSC-McMaster 3016, Victoria 10B St. S., Kitchener, ON, N2G 1C5, Canada.,Schlegel Research Institute for Aging, Waterloo, ON, Canada.,Big Data and Geriatric Models of Care, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Linda Lee
- Big Data and Geriatric Models of Care, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Andrew P Costa
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, IHB/HSC-McMaster 3016, Victoria 10B St. S., Kitchener, ON, N2G 1C5, Canada.,Schlegel Research Institute for Aging, Waterloo, ON, Canada.,Big Data and Geriatric Models of Care, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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91
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Kaasalainen S, Sussman T, Durepos P, McCleary L, Ploeg J, Thompson G. What Are Staff Perceptions About Their Current Use of Emergency Departments for Long-Term Care Residents at End of Life? Clin Nurs Res 2017; 28:692-707. [PMID: 29271241 PMCID: PMC7328671 DOI: 10.1177/1054773817749125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to examine current rates of resident deaths, Emergency Department (ED) use within the last year of life, and hospital deaths for long-term care (LTC) residents. Using a mixed-methods approach, we compared these rates across four LTC homes in Ontario, Canada, and explored potential explanations of variations across homes to stimulate staff reflections and improve performance based on a quality improvement approach. Chart audits revealed that 59% of residents across sites visited EDs during the last month of life and 26% of resident deaths occurred in hospital. Staff expressed surprise at the amount of hospital use during end of life (EOL). Reflections suggested that clinical expertise, comfort with EOL communication, clinical resources (i.e., equipment), and family availability for EOL decision making could all affect nondesirable hospital transfers at EOL. Staff appeared motivated to address these areas of practice following this reflective process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Kaasalainen
- McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Sharon Kaasalainen, Faculty of Health Sciences, 3N25F, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8N 3Z5.
| | | | | | | | - Jenny Ploeg
- McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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92
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Sussman T, Kaasalainen S, Bui M, Akhtar-Danesh N, Mintzberg S, Strachan P. "Now I Don't Have to Guess": Using Pamphlets to Encourage Residents and Families/Friends to Engage in Advance Care Planning in Long-Term Care. Gerontol Geriatr Med 2017; 3:2333721417747323. [PMID: 29308424 PMCID: PMC5751914 DOI: 10.1177/2333721417747323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This article explores whether access to illness trajectory pamphlets for five conditions with high prevalence in long-term care (LTC) can encourage residents and families/friends to openly engage in advance care planning (ACP) discussions with one another and with health providers. Method: In all, 57 residents and families/friends in LTC completed surveys and 56 participated in seven focus groups that explored whether the pamphlets supported ACP engagement. Results: Survey results suggested that access to pamphlets encouraged residents and families/friends to reflect on future care (48/57, 84%), clarified what questions to ask (40/57, 70%), and increased comfort in talking about end of life (EOL) care (36/57, 63%). Discussions between relatives and friends/families (32/57, 56%) or with health providers (21/57, 37%) were less common. Focus group deliberations illuminated that while reading illness-specific information was validating, a tendency to protect one another from an emotional topic, prevented residents and families/friends from conversing with one another about EOL issues. Discussion: Having access to pamphlets with information about EOL care provides important and welcome opportunities for reflection for both residents in LTC and their families/friends. Moving residents and families/friends from reflecting on issues to discussing them together could require staff support through planned care conferences or staff initiated conversations at the bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matthew Bui
- McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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93
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Clinical Profile of Persons with Multiple Sclerosis Across the Continuum of Care. Can J Neurol Sci 2017; 45:188-198. [DOI: 10.1017/cjn.2017.274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBackground:This study is part of the Innovations in Data, Evidence and Applications for Persons with Neurological Conditions project to understand the strengths, preferences, and needs of persons with neurological conditions living in Canada.Objective:To estimate the prevalence and describe the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of persons with multiple sclerosis in Canadian home care, nursing home, Complex Continuing Care hospitals, and inpatient mental health care settings.Methods:Cross-sectional study of adults aged 18 years and older with multiple sclerosis (MS; n=11,250) across Canada from 1996 through 2011 using interRAI Resident Assessment Instrument (RAI) comprehensive health assessments (RAI Minimum Data Set 2.0, RAI-Home Care, RAI-Mental Health). Comparisons were made to adults with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (n=260,910), other neurological conditions (n=163,578) and non-neurological conditions (n=571,567).Results:The prevalence of MS was highest in Complex Continuing Care hospitals (4125 cases per 100,000 patients), followed by home care (2020 cases per 100,000 patients), nursing homes (1424 cases per 100,000 patients), and mental health settings (138 cases per 100,000 patients). Persons with MS experienced greater impairment in the completion of activities of daily living, pain, pressure ulcers, swallowing difficulty, depression, and anxiety compared with peers within care settings. There were also significant differences between settings, particularly the degree of physical and cognitive impairment experienced by persons with MS.Conclusions:Except for mental health care settings, the prevalence of MS in community, institutional and hospital-based care settings exceeded that of the general population. These data describing the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of persons with MS may be used to inform clinical practice and policy decisions for persons with MS across the continuum of care.
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94
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Hogeveen SE, Chen J, Hirdes JP. Evaluation of data quality of interRAI assessments in home and community care. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2017; 17:150. [PMID: 29084534 PMCID: PMC5663080 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-017-0547-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this project is to describe the quality of assessment data regularly collected in home and community, with techniques adapted from an evaluation of the quality of long-term care data in Canada. METHODS Data collected using the Resident Assessment Instrument - Home Care (RAI-HC) in Ontario and British Columbia (BC) as well as the interRAI Community Health Assessment (CHA) in Ontario were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's r correlation, and Cronbach's alpha in order to assess trends in population characteristics, convergent validity, and scale reliability. RESULTS Results indicate that RAI-HC data from Ontario and BC behave in a consistent manner, with stable trends in internal consistency providing evidence of good reliability (alpha values range from 0.72-0.94, depending on the scale and province). The associations between various scales, such as those reflecting functional status and cognition, were found to be as expected and stable over time within each setting (r values range from 0.42-0.45 in Ontario and 0.41-0.43 in BC). These trends in convergent validity demonstrate that constructs in the data behave as they should, providing evidence of good data quality. In most cases, CHA data quality matches that of RAI-HC data quality and shows evidence of good validity and reliability. The findings are comparable to the findings observed in the evaluation of data from the long-term care sector. CONCLUSIONS Despite an increasingly complex client population in the home and community care sectors, the results from this work indicate that data collected using the RAI-HC and the CHA are of an overall quality that may be trusted when used to inform decision-making at the organizational- or policy-level. High quality data and information are vital when used to inform steps taken to improve quality of care and enhance quality of life. This work also provides evidence that a method used to evaluate the quality of data obtained in the long-term care setting may be used to evaluate the quality of data obtained through community-based measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie E Hogeveen
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Jonathan Chen
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - John P Hirdes
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
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95
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Freeman S, Bishop K, Spirgiene L, Koopmans E, Botelho FC, Fyfe T, Xiong B, Patchett S, MacLeod M. Factors affecting residents transition from long term care facilities to the community: a scoping review. BMC Health Serv Res 2017. [PMID: 28978324 DOI: 10.1186/s12913‐017‐2571‐y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term care facilities (LTCFs) are often places where persons with complex health needs that cannot be met in a community setting, reside and are cared for until death. However, not all persons experience continuous declines in health and functioning. For some residents who experience improvement in personal abilities and increased independence, transition from the LTCF to the community may be an option. This scoping review aimed to synthetize the existing evidence regarding the transition process from discharge planning to intervention and evaluation of outcomes for residents transitioning from LTCFs to the community. METHODS This review followed a five-stage scoping review framework to describe the current knowledge base related to transition from LTCFs to community based private dwellings as the location of the discharge (example: Person's own home or shared private home with a family member, friend, or neighbour). Of the 4221 articles retrieved in the search of 6 databases, 36 articles met the criteria for inclusion in this review. RESULTS The majority of studies focussed on an older adult population (aged 65 years or greater), were conducted in the USA, and were limited to small geographic regions. There was a lack of consistency in terminology used to describe both the facilities as well as the transition process. Literature consisted of a broad array of study designs; sample sizes ranged from less than 10 to more than 500,000. Persons who were younger, married, female, received intense therapy, and who expressed a desire to transition to a community setting were more likely to transition out of a LTCF while those who exhibited cognitive impairment were less likely to transition out of a LTCF to the community. CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight the heterogeneity and paucity of research examining transition of persons from LTCFs to the community. Overall, it remains unclear what best practices support the discharge planning and transition process and whether or not discharge from a LTCF to the community promotes the health, wellbeing, and quality of life of the persons. More research is needed in this area before we can start to confidently answer the research questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Freeman
- School of Nursing, University of Northern British Columbia, 3333 University Way, Prince George, BC, V2N 4Z9, Canada.
| | - Kristen Bishop
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Western University, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Lina Spirgiene
- Department of Nursing and Care, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickevičiaus 9, -44307, Kaunas, LT, Lithuania
| | - Erica Koopmans
- School of Health Sciences, University of Northern British Columbia, 3333 University Way, Prince George, BC, V2N 4Z9, Canada
| | - Fernanda C Botelho
- School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Dr. Arnaldo Street 715, Sao Paulo, SP, 01246-904, Brazil
| | - Trina Fyfe
- Northern Medical Program, University of Northern British Columbia, 3333 University Way, Prince George, BC, V2N 4Z9, Canada
| | - Beibei Xiong
- School of Health Sciences, University of Northern British Columbia, 3333 University Way, Prince George, BC, V2N 4Z9, Canada.,School of Nursing, Jilin University, 965 XinJiang Street, ChangChun, JiLin, 130012, China
| | - Stacey Patchett
- Department of Quality, Planning and Information, Northern Health, 543 Front Street, Quesnel, BC, V2J 5K7, Canada
| | - Martha MacLeod
- School of Nursing, University of Northern British Columbia, 3333 University Way, Prince George, BC, V2N 4Z9, Canada
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96
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Freeman S, Bishop K, Spirgiene L, Koopmans E, Botelho FC, Fyfe T, Xiong B, Patchett S, MacLeod M. Factors affecting residents transition from long term care facilities to the community: a scoping review. BMC Health Serv Res 2017; 17:689. [PMID: 28978324 PMCID: PMC5628420 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-017-2571-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Long-term care facilities (LTCFs) are often places where persons with complex health needs that cannot be met in a community setting, reside and are cared for until death. However, not all persons experience continuous declines in health and functioning. For some residents who experience improvement in personal abilities and increased independence, transition from the LTCF to the community may be an option. This scoping review aimed to synthetize the existing evidence regarding the transition process from discharge planning to intervention and evaluation of outcomes for residents transitioning from LTCFs to the community. Methods This review followed a five-stage scoping review framework to describe the current knowledge base related to transition from LTCFs to community based private dwellings as the location of the discharge (example: Person’s own home or shared private home with a family member, friend, or neighbour). Of the 4221 articles retrieved in the search of 6 databases, 36 articles met the criteria for inclusion in this review. Results The majority of studies focussed on an older adult population (aged 65 years or greater), were conducted in the USA, and were limited to small geographic regions. There was a lack of consistency in terminology used to describe both the facilities as well as the transition process. Literature consisted of a broad array of study designs; sample sizes ranged from less than 10 to more than 500,000. Persons who were younger, married, female, received intense therapy, and who expressed a desire to transition to a community setting were more likely to transition out of a LTCF while those who exhibited cognitive impairment were less likely to transition out of a LTCF to the community. Conclusions Findings highlight the heterogeneity and paucity of research examining transition of persons from LTCFs to the community. Overall, it remains unclear what best practices support the discharge planning and transition process and whether or not discharge from a LTCF to the community promotes the health, wellbeing, and quality of life of the persons. More research is needed in this area before we can start to confidently answer the research questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Freeman
- School of Nursing, University of Northern British Columbia, 3333 University Way, Prince George, BC, V2N 4Z9, Canada.
| | - Kristen Bishop
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Western University, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Lina Spirgiene
- Department of Nursing and Care, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Mickevičiaus 9, -44307, Kaunas, LT, Lithuania
| | - Erica Koopmans
- School of Health Sciences, University of Northern British Columbia, 3333 University Way, Prince George, BC, V2N 4Z9, Canada
| | - Fernanda C Botelho
- School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Dr. Arnaldo Street 715, Sao Paulo, SP, 01246-904, Brazil
| | - Trina Fyfe
- Northern Medical Program, University of Northern British Columbia, 3333 University Way, Prince George, BC, V2N 4Z9, Canada
| | - Beibei Xiong
- School of Health Sciences, University of Northern British Columbia, 3333 University Way, Prince George, BC, V2N 4Z9, Canada.,School of Nursing, Jilin University, 965 XinJiang Street, ChangChun, JiLin, 130012, China
| | - Stacey Patchett
- Department of Quality, Planning and Information, Northern Health, 543 Front Street, Quesnel, BC, V2J 5K7, Canada
| | - Martha MacLeod
- School of Nursing, University of Northern British Columbia, 3333 University Way, Prince George, BC, V2N 4Z9, Canada
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97
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Freeman S, Armstrong JJ, Tyas SL, Neufeld E. Clinical characteristics and patterns of health deficits of centenarians receiving home care and long-term care services. Exp Gerontol 2017; 99:46-52. [PMID: 28943479 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Centenarians (persons aged 100years and older) are one of the fastest growing cohorts in countries across the world. With the increasing prevalence of centenarians and growing amount of clinical information in large administrative health databases, it is now possible to more fully characterize the health of this unique and heterogeneous population. This study described patterns of health deficits in the centenarian population receiving care from community-based home care services and long-term care facilities (LTCFs) in Ontario, Canada. All centenarians who received home care and were assessed using the interRAI-Home Care Assessment instrument between 2007 and 2011 (n=1163) and all centenarians who resided in LTCFs between 2005 and 2011 who were assessed using the interRAI Minimum Data Set (MDS 2.0) (n=2228) were included in this study. Bivariate analyses described the centenarian population while K-means clustering analyses were utilized to identify relatively homogeneous subgroups within this heterogeneous population. The 3391 centenarians were aged 100 to 114 (mean age 101.5years ±1.9 SD) and the majority were women (84.7%). Commonly reported deficits included cognitive impairment, physical impairment, and bladder problems. Centenarians residing in LTCFs were significantly more likely than centenarians receiving home care services to report cognitive or functional impairment, or to exhibit symptoms of depression. The commonalities and uniqueness of four clusters of centenarians are described. Although there is great variability, there is also commonality within the centenarian population. Recognizing patterns within the heterogeneity of centenarians is key to providing high-quality person-centered care and to targeting health promotion and intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Freeman
- School of Nursing, University of Northern British Columbia, 3333 University Way, Prince George, BC V2N 4Z9, Canada.
| | - Joshua J Armstrong
- Department of Health Sciences, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada.
| | - Suzanne L Tyas
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Eva Neufeld
- Centre for Rural and Northern Health Research, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
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98
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Boscart VM, Heckman GA, Huson K, Brohman L, Harkness KI, Hirdes J, McKelvie RS, Stolee P. Implementation of an interprofessional communication and collaboration intervention to improve care capacity for heart failure management in long-term care. J Interprof Care 2017; 31:583-592. [PMID: 28876202 DOI: 10.1080/13561820.2017.1340875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure affects up to 20% of nursing home residents and is associated with high morbidity, mortality, and transfers to acute care. A major barrier to heart failure management in nursing home settings is limited interprofessional communication. Guideline-based heart failure management programs in nursing homes can reduce hospitalisation rates, though sustainability is limited when interprofessional communication is not addressed. A pilot intervention, 'Enhancing Knowledge and Interprofessional Care for Heart Failure', was implemented on two units in two conveniently selected nursing homes to optimise interprofessional care processes amongst the care team. A core heart team was established, and participants received tailored education focused on heart failure management principles and communication processes, as well as weekly mentoring. Our previous work provided evidence for this intervention's acceptability and implementation fidelity. This paper focuses on the preliminary impact of the intervention on staff heart failure knowledge, communication, and interprofessional collaboration. To determine the initial impact of the intervention on selected staff outcomes, we employed a qualitative design, using a social constructivist interpretive framework. Findings indicated a perceived increase in team engagement, interprofessional collaboration, communication, knowledge about heart failure, and improved clinical outcomes. Individual interviews with staff revealed innovative ways to enhance communication, supporting one another with knowledge and engagement in collaborative practices with residents and families. Engaging teams, through the establishment of core heart teams, was successful to develop interprofessional communication processes for heart failure management. Further steps to be undertaken include assessing the sustainability and effectiveness of this approach with a larger sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronique M Boscart
- a Conestoga College Institute of Technology and Advanced Learning , Kitchener , Ontario , Canada
| | - George A Heckman
- b Research Institute for Aging and School of Public Health and Health Systems , University of Waterloo , Waterloo , Ontario , Canada
| | - Kelsey Huson
- c Colleges in Seniors Care, Conestoga College Institute of Technology and Advanced Learning , School of Health & Life Sciences and Community Services , Kitchener , Ontario , Canada
| | - Lisa Brohman
- d Sunnyside Home Seniors' Services , Kitchener , Ontario , Canada
| | - Karen I Harkness
- e McMaster University , Clinical Lead, Heart Failure and Cardiovascular Chronic Disease Management, Cardiac Care Network, Hamilton Health Sciences , Hamilton , Ontario , Canada
| | - John Hirdes
- f School of Public Health and Health Systems , University of Waterloo , Waterloo , Ontario , Canada
| | | | - Paul Stolee
- h School of Public Health and Health Systems , University of Waterloo , Waterloo , Ontario , Canada
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Cloutier DS, Penning MJ, Nuernberger K, Taylor D, MacDonald S. Long-Term Care Service Trajectories and Their Predictors for Persons Living With Dementia: Results From a Canadian Study. J Aging Health 2017; 31:139-164. [PMID: 28814151 DOI: 10.1177/0898264317725618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We used latent transition analysis to explore common long-term care (LTC) service trajectories and their predictors for older adults with dementia. METHOD Using linked administrative data collected over a 4-year interval (2008-2011), the study sample included 3,541 older persons with dementia who were clients of publicly funded LTC in British Columbia, Canada. RESULTS Our results revealed relatively equal reliance on home care (HC) and facility-based residential care (RC) as starting points. HC service users were further differentiated into "intermittent HC" and "continuous HC" groups. Mortality was highest for the RC group. Age, changes in cognitive performance, and activities of daily living were important predictors of transitions into HC or RC. DISCUSSION Reliance on HC and RC by persons with dementia raises critical questions about ensuring that an adequate range of services is available in local communities to support aging in place and to ensure appropriate timing for entry into institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Deanne Taylor
- 2 Interior Health Authority, British Columbia, Canada
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Hoben M, Kent A, Kobagi N, Huynh KT, Clarke A, Yoon MN. Effective strategies to motivate nursing home residents in oral care and to prevent or reduce responsive behaviors to oral care: A systematic review. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178913. [PMID: 28609476 PMCID: PMC5469468 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor oral health has been a persistent problem in nursing home residents for decades, with severe consequences for residents and the health care system. Two major barriers to providing appropriate oral care are residents' responsive behaviors to oral care and residents' lack of ability or motivation to perform oral care on their own. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effectiveness of strategies that nursing home care providers can apply to either prevent/overcome residents' responsive behaviors to oral care, or enable/motivate residents to perform their own oral care. MATERIALS AND METHODS We searched the databases Medline, EMBASE, Evidence Based Reviews-Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, and Web of Science for intervention studies assessing the effectiveness of eligible strategies. Two reviewers independently (a) screened titles, abstracts and retrieved full-texts; (b) searched key journal contents, key author publications, and reference lists of all included studies; and (c) assessed methodological quality of included studies. Discrepancies at any stage were resolved by consensus. We conducted a narrative synthesis of study results. RESULTS We included three one-group pre-test, post-test studies, and one cross-sectional study. Methodological quality was low (n = 3) and low moderate (n = 1). Two studies assessed strategies to enable/motivate nursing home residents to perform their own oral care, and to studies assessed strategies to prevent or overcome responsive behaviors to oral care. All studies reported improvements of at least some of the outcomes measured, but interpretation is limited due to methodological problems. CONCLUSIONS Potentially promising strategies are available that nursing home care providers can apply to prevent/overcome residents' responsive behaviors to oral care or to enable/motivate residents to perform their own oral care. However, studies assessing these strategies have a high risk for bias. To overcome oral health problems in nursing homes, care providers will need practical strategies whose effectiveness was assessed in robust studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Hoben
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Angelle Kent
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nadia Kobagi
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kha Tu Huynh
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Alix Clarke
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Minn N. Yoon
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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