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Shen J, Mo X, Tang Y, Zhang L, Pang H, Qian Y, Chen Y, Tao W, Guo S, Shang E, Zhu S, Ding Y, Guo J, Liu P, Su S, Qian D, Duan JA. Analysis of herb–herb interaction when decocting together by using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and fuzzy chemical identification strategy with poly-proportion design. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1297:168-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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52
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Wu C, Dill AL, Eberlin LS, Cooks RG, Ifa DR. Mass spectrometry imaging under ambient conditions. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2013; 32:218-43. [PMID: 22996621 PMCID: PMC3530640 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Revised: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) has emerged as an important tool in the last decade and it is beginning to show potential to provide new information in many fields owing to its unique ability to acquire molecularly specific images and to provide multiplexed information, without the need for labeling or staining. In MSI, the chemical identity of molecules present on a surface is investigated as a function of spatial distribution. In addition to now standard methods involving MSI in vacuum, recently developed ambient ionization techniques allow MSI to be performed under atmospheric pressure on untreated samples outside the mass spectrometer. Here we review recent developments and applications of MSI emphasizing the ambient ionization techniques of desorption electrospray ionization (DESI), laser ablation electrospray ionization (LAESI), probe electrospray ionization (PESI), desorption atmospheric pressure photoionization (DAPPI), femtosecond laser desorption ionization (fs-LDI), laser electrospray mass spectrometry (LEMS), infrared laser ablation metastable-induced chemical ionization (IR-LAMICI), liquid microjunction surface sampling probe mass spectrometry (LMJ-SSP MS), nanospray desorption electrospray ionization (nano-DESI), and plasma sources such as the low temperature plasma (LTP) probe and laser ablation coupled to flowing atmospheric-pressure afterglow (LA-FAPA). Included are discussions of some of the features of ambient MSI for example the ability to implement chemical reactions with the goal of providing high abundance ions characteristic of specific compounds of interest and the use of tandem mass spectrometry to either map the distribution of targeted molecules with high specificity or to provide additional MS information on the structural identification of compounds. We also describe the role of bioinformatics in acquiring and interpreting the chemical and spatial information obtained through MSI, especially in biological applications for tissue diagnostic purposes. Finally, we discuss the challenges in ambient MSI and include perspectives on the future of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunping Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Allison L. Dill
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Livia S. Eberlin
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - R. Graham Cooks
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
- ,
| | - Demian R. Ifa
- Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J1P3, Canada
- ,
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53
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Shamaladevi N, Lyn DA, Shaaban KA, Zhang L, Villate S, Rohr J, Lokeshwar BL. Ericifolin: a novel antitumor compound from allspice that silences androgen receptor in prostate cancer. Carcinogenesis 2013; 34:1822-32. [PMID: 23568956 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Silencing of androgen receptor (AR) signaling is a specific and effective mechanism to cure cancer of the prostate (CaP). In this study, the isolation and characterization of a compound from the aromatic berries of Pimenta dioica (allspice) that silences AR is presented. Potential antitumor activities of an aqueous allspice extract (AAE) and a compound purified from the extract were tested on CaP cells. AAE inhibited tumor cell proliferation and colony formation (50% growth inhibition ∼40-85 µg/ml) but not the viability of quiescent normal fibroblasts or non-tumorigenic prostate cells. In tumor cells, AAE inhibited cell cycle progression at G1/S, induced apoptosis or autophagy. Apoptosis was by caspase-dependent poly (ADP ribose) polymerase cleavage. A caspase-independent, apoptosis-inducing factor-mediated mechanism of apoptosis caused cell death in castration-resistant AR-positive or AR-negative CaP cells, such as CWR22RV1, PC-3 or DU145 cells. Treatment with AAE decreased the levels of AR messenger RNA (mRNA), protein and silenced AR activity in AR-positive cells. AR depletion was due to inhibition of AR promoter activity and mRNA stability. Delayed tumor growth (~55%) without measurable systemic toxicity was observed in LNCaP tumor-bearing mice treated with AAE by oral or intraperitoneal routes. LNCaP tumor tissues from AAE-treated mice revealed increased apoptosis as a potential mechanism of antitumor activity of AAE. The chemical identity of bioactive compound in AAE was established through multistep high-performance liquid chromatography fractionation, mass and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopies. The compound, eugenol 5-O-β-(6'-galloylglucopyranoside) or ericifolin (EF), showed antiproliferative, pro-apoptosis and anti-AR transcription activities. These results demonstrate a potential use of AAE and EF against prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagarajarao Shamaladevi
- Department of Urology and Sylvester Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL 33101, USA
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54
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Liu P, Lu M, Zheng Q, Zhang Y, Dewald HD, Chen H. Recent advances of electrochemical mass spectrometry. Analyst 2013; 138:5519-39. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an00709j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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55
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Chen CC, Yang YL, Ou CL, Chou CH, Liaw CC, Lin PC. Direct monitoring of chemical transformations by combining thin layer chromatography with nanoparticle-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. Analyst 2013; 138:1379-85. [DOI: 10.1039/c2an36423a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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56
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Le PM, McCooeye M, Windust A. Characterization of the alkaloids in goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) root by high resolution Orbitrap LC-MSn. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6539-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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57
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Douglass KA, Jain S, Brandt WR, Venter AR. Deconstructing desorption electrospray ionization: independent optimization of desorption and ionization by spray desorption collection. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2012; 23:1896-1902. [PMID: 22907171 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-012-0468-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Revised: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Spray desorption collection (SDC) and reflective electrospray ionization (RESI) were used to independently study the desorption and ionization processes that together comprise desorption electrospray ionization (DESI). Both processes depend on several instrumental parameters, including the nebulizing gas flow rate, applied potential, and source geometries. Each of these parameters was optimized for desorption, as represented by the results obtained by SDC, and ionization, as represented by the results obtained by RESI. The optimized conditions were then compared to the optimization results for DESI. Our results confirm that optimal conditions for desorption and ionization are different and that in some cases the optimized DESI conditions are a compromise between both sets. The respective results for DESI, RESI, and SDC for each parameter were compared across the methods to draw conclusions about the contribution of each parameter to desorption and ionization separately and then combined within DESI. Our results indicate that desorption efficiency is (1) independent of the applied potential and (2) the impact zone to inlet distance, and that (3) gas pressure settings and (4) sprayer to impact zone distances above optimal for DESI are detrimental to desorption but beneficial for ionization. In addition, possible interpretations for the observed trends are presented.
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58
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Jahn S, Karst U. Electrochemistry coupled to (liquid chromatography/) mass spectrometry—Current state and future perspectives. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1259:16-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.05.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Revised: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/19/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Abstract
Sample preparation has historically been, and continues to be, the most challenging part of the bioanalytical workflow. Several techniques have been developed over the years to deal with the problems of recovery and matrix effects in an effort to increase the reliability and robustness of the bioanalytical method. In recent years certain techniques have come into prominence and gained acceptance in routine sample preparation, and some have shown promise in their use in a discovery environment where speed is critical and method development time is often limited. The aim of this review is to examine several of these techniques and provide examples of their use from the literature, as well as comment on their utility in current workflows.
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60
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Campbell DI, Ferreira CR, Eberlin LS, Cooks RG. Improved spatial resolution in the imaging of biological tissue using desorption electrospray ionization. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 404:389-98. [PMID: 22706326 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6173-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Revised: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Desorption electrospray ionization imaging allows biomarker discovery and disease diagnosis through chemical characterization of biological samples in their native environment. Optimization of experimental parameters including emitter capillary size, solvent composition, solvent flow rate, mass spectrometry scan-rate and step-size is shown here to improve the resolution available in the study of biological tissue from 180 μm to about 35 μm using an unmodified commercial mass spectrometer. Mouse brain tissue was used to optimize and measure resolution based on known morphological features and their known relationships to major phospholipid components. Features of approximately 35 μm were resolved and correlations drawn between features in grey matter (principally PS (18:0/22:6), m/z 834) and in white matter (principally ST (24:1), m/z 888). The improved spatial resolution allowed characterization of the temporal changes in lipid profiles occurring within mouse ovaries during the ovulatory cycle. An increase in the production of phosphatidylinositol (PI 38:4) m/z 885 and associated fatty acids such as arachidonic acid (FA 20:4) m/z 303 and adrenic acid (FA 22:4) m/z 331was seen with the postovulatory formation of the corpus luteum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahlia I Campbell
- Chemistry Department, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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61
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Ellis SR, Hughes JR, Mitchell TW, in het Panhuis M, Blanksby SJ. Using ambient ozone for assignment of double bond position in unsaturated lipids. Analyst 2011; 137:1100-10. [PMID: 22121496 DOI: 10.1039/c1an15864c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Unsaturated lipids deposited onto a range of materials are observed to react with the low concentrations of ozone present in normal laboratory air. Parent lipids and ozonolysis cleavage products are both detected directly from surfaces by desorption electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) with the resulting mass spectra providing clear evidence of the double bond position within these molecules. This serendipitous process has been coupled with thin-layer chromatography (TLC) to provide a simple but powerful approach for the detailed structural elucidation of lipids present in complex biological extracts. Lipid extracts from human lens were deposited onto normal phase TLC plates and then developed to separate components according to lipid class. Exposure of the developed plates to laboratory air for ca. 1 h prior to DESI-MS analysis gave rise to ozonolysis products allowing for the unambiguous identification of double bond positions in even low abundant, unsaturated lipids. In particular, the co-localization of intact unsaturated lactosylceramides (LacCer) with products from their oxidative cleavage provide the first evidence for the presence of three isomeric LacCer (d18:0/24:1) species in the ocular lens lipidome, i.e., variants with double bonds at the n-9, n-7 and n-5 positions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane R Ellis
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Free Radical Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
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62
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Coupling frontal elution paper chromatography with desorption corona beam ionization mass spectrometry for rapid analysis of chlorphenamine in herbal medicines and dietary supplements. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:7371-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.08.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Revised: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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63
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Cheng SC, Huang MZ, Shiea J. Thin layer chromatography/mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:2700-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.01.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2010] [Revised: 01/24/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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64
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Kim HJ, Oh MS, Hong J, Jang YP. Quantitative analysis of major dibenzocyclooctane lignans in Schisandrae fructus by online TLC-DART-MS. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2011; 22:258-262. [PMID: 20981871 DOI: 10.1002/pca.1273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2010] [Revised: 08/10/2010] [Accepted: 08/10/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Direct analysis in real time (DART) ion source is a powerful ionising technique for the quick and easy detection of various organic molecules without any sample preparation steps, but the lack of quantitation capacity limits its extensive use in the field of phytochemical analysis. OBJECTIVE To improvise a new system which utilize DART-MS as a hyphenated detector for quantitation. METHODOLOGY A total extract of Schisandra chinensis fruit was analyzed on a TLC plate and three major lignan compounds were quantitated by three different methods of UV densitometry, TLC-DART-MS and HPLC-UV to compare the efficiency of each method. To introduce the TLC plate into the DART ion source at a constant velocity, a syringe pump was employed. The DART-MS total ion current chromatogram was recorded for the entire TLC plate. The concentration of each lignan compound was calculated from the calibration curve established with standard compound. RESULTS Gomisin A, gomisin N and schisandrin were well separated on a silica-coated TLC plate and the specific ion current chromatograms were successfully acquired from the TLC-DART-MS system. The TLC-DART-MS system for the quantitation of natural products showed better linearity and specificity than TLC densitometry, and consumed less time and solvent than conventional HPLC method. CONCLUSION A hyphenated system for the quantitation of phytochemicals from crude herbal drugs was successfully established. This system was shown to have a powerful analytical capacity for the prompt and efficient quantitation of natural products from crude drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Kim
- Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
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65
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Chai Y, Sun H, Wan J, Pan Y, Sun C. Hydride abstraction in positive-ion electrospray interface: oxidation of 1,4-dihydropyridines in electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Analyst 2011; 136:4667-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c1an15129k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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66
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Walworth MJ, Stankovich JJ, Van Berkel GJ, Schulz M, Minarik S, Nichols J, Reich E. Hydrophobic Treatment Enabling Analysis of Wettable Surfaces Using a Liquid Microjunction Surface Sampling Probe/Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry System. Anal Chem 2010; 83:591-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ac102634e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Walworth
- Organic and Biological Mass Spectrometry Group, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6131, United States; Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1600, United States; Thin-Layer Chromatography Laboratory, Performance and Life Science Chemicals, Merck KGaA, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany; CAMAG Scientific, Inc., Wilmington, North Carolina 28401, United States; and CAMAG-Laboratory, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Joseph J. Stankovich
- Organic and Biological Mass Spectrometry Group, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6131, United States; Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1600, United States; Thin-Layer Chromatography Laboratory, Performance and Life Science Chemicals, Merck KGaA, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany; CAMAG Scientific, Inc., Wilmington, North Carolina 28401, United States; and CAMAG-Laboratory, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Gary J. Van Berkel
- Organic and Biological Mass Spectrometry Group, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6131, United States; Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1600, United States; Thin-Layer Chromatography Laboratory, Performance and Life Science Chemicals, Merck KGaA, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany; CAMAG Scientific, Inc., Wilmington, North Carolina 28401, United States; and CAMAG-Laboratory, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Michael Schulz
- Organic and Biological Mass Spectrometry Group, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6131, United States; Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1600, United States; Thin-Layer Chromatography Laboratory, Performance and Life Science Chemicals, Merck KGaA, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany; CAMAG Scientific, Inc., Wilmington, North Carolina 28401, United States; and CAMAG-Laboratory, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Minarik
- Organic and Biological Mass Spectrometry Group, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6131, United States; Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1600, United States; Thin-Layer Chromatography Laboratory, Performance and Life Science Chemicals, Merck KGaA, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany; CAMAG Scientific, Inc., Wilmington, North Carolina 28401, United States; and CAMAG-Laboratory, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Judy Nichols
- Organic and Biological Mass Spectrometry Group, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6131, United States; Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1600, United States; Thin-Layer Chromatography Laboratory, Performance and Life Science Chemicals, Merck KGaA, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany; CAMAG Scientific, Inc., Wilmington, North Carolina 28401, United States; and CAMAG-Laboratory, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Eike Reich
- Organic and Biological Mass Spectrometry Group, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6131, United States; Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1600, United States; Thin-Layer Chromatography Laboratory, Performance and Life Science Chemicals, Merck KGaA, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany; CAMAG Scientific, Inc., Wilmington, North Carolina 28401, United States; and CAMAG-Laboratory, Muttenz, Switzerland
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67
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Wiseman JM, Li JB. Elution, Partial Separation, and Identification of Lipids Directly from Tissue Slices on Planar Chromatography Media by Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2010; 82:8866-74. [DOI: 10.1021/ac1016453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessica B. Li
- Prosolia, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
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68
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Kim HJ, Jee EH, Ahn KS, Choi HS, Jang YP. Identification of marker compounds in herbal drugs on TLC with DART-MS. Arch Pharm Res 2010; 33:1355-9. [PMID: 20945134 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-010-0909-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2010] [Revised: 08/14/2010] [Accepted: 08/16/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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69
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Waldon DJ, Zhao Z, Teffera Y. Desorption electrospray ionization tissue imaging using heated nebulizing gas and high-resolution accurate mass spectra. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2010; 24:2352-2356. [PMID: 20635324 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A new method for tissue imaging using desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) mass spectrometry is described. The technique utilizes a DESI source with a heated nebulizing gas and high-resolution accurate mass data acquired with an LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometer. The two-dimensional (2D) automated DESI ion source creates images using the ions that are collected under high-resolution conditions. The use of high-resolution mass detection significantly improves the image quality due to exclusion of interfering ions. The use of a heated nebulizing gas increases the signal intensity observed at lower gas pressure. The technique developed is highly compatible with soft tissue imaging due to the minimal surface destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Waldon
- Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
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70
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Badu-Tawiah A, Cooks RG. Enhanced ion signals in desorption electrospray ionization using surfactant spray solutions. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2010; 21:1423-1431. [PMID: 20483640 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2010.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2010] [Revised: 03/30/2010] [Accepted: 04/04/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Solvent optimization is an important procedure in desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) and in this study the effects of solvent surface tension are explored. Data are presented for methanol/water/surfactant solvent systems, which show increases in ion signals of more than an order of magnitude when low concentrations of surfactants are added to the standard methanol/water (1:1) spray solvent. Examples of analytes tested include food chemicals, peptides, pharmaceuticals, and drugs of abuse. The improvement in ion intensity is mainly attributed to the effect of surface tension in producing smaller spray droplets, which are shown to cover a larger surface area. Surfactant-containing spray solutions allowed extension of DESI-MS analysis to previously intractable analytes like melamine and highly hydrophobic compounds like the sudan dyes.
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71
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Pasilis SP, Van Berkel GJ. Atmospheric pressure surface sampling/ionization techniques for direct coupling of planar separations with mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:3955-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.10.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2009] [Revised: 10/16/2009] [Accepted: 10/26/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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72
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Kennedy JH, Wiseman JM. Direct analysis of Salvia divinorum leaves for salvinorin A by thin layer chromatography and desorption electrospray ionization multi-stage tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2010; 24:1305-1311. [PMID: 20391602 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Salvia divinorum is widely cultivated in the US, Mexico, Central and South America and Europe and is consumed for its ability to produce hallucinogenic effects similar to those of other scheduled hallucinogenic drugs, such as LSD. Salvinorin A (SA), a kappa opiod receptor agonist and psychoactive constituent, is found primarily in the leaves and to a lesser extent in the stems of the plant. Herein, the analysis of intact S. divinorum leaves for SA and of acetone extracts separated using thin layer chromatography (TLC) is demonstrated using desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) mass spectrometry. The detection of SA using DESI in the positive ion mode is characterized by several ions associated with the compound - [M+H](+), [M+NH(4)](+), [M+Na](+), [2M+NH(4)](+), and [2M+Na](+). Confirmation of the identity of these ions is provided through exact mass measurements using a time-of-flight (ToF) mass spectrometer. The presence of SA in the leaves was confirmed by multi-stage tandem mass spectrometry (MS(n)) of the [M+H](+) ion using a linear ion trap mass spectrometer. Direct analysis of the leaves revealed several species of salvinorin in addition to SA as confirmed by MS(n), including salvinorin B, C, D/E, and divinatorin B. Further, the results from DESI imaging of a TLC separation of a commercial leaf extract and an acetone extract of S. divinorum leaves were in concordance with the TLC/DESI-MS results of an authentic salvinorin A standard. The present study provides an example of both the direct analysis of intact plant materials for screening illicit substances and the coupling of TLC and DESI-MS as a simple method for the examination of natural products.
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73
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Aranda M, Morlock GE. QUANTIFICATION OF PYRITINOL IN SOLID PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATION BY HIGH-PERFORMANCE THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY-ULTRAVIOLET DETECTION AND SELECTIVITY EVALUATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/10826071003766062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Aranda
- a Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hohenheim , Stuttgart, Germany
- b Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Dietetic, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepcion , Concepcion, Chile
| | - Gertrud E. Morlock
- a Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hohenheim , Stuttgart, Germany
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74
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Badu-Tawiah A, Bland C, Campbell DI, Cooks RG. Non-aqueous spray solvents and solubility effects in desorption electrospray ionization. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2010; 21:572-579. [PMID: 20106679 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2009.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2009] [Revised: 12/21/2009] [Accepted: 12/22/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The use of non-aqueous solvents in desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) is explored by analyzing a set of 43 compounds using binary mixtures of chloroform, tetrahydrofuran, and acetonitrile as the spray solvent. Comparisons of data obtained from chloroform/tetrahydrofuran (1:1) and chloroform/acetonitrile (1:1) spray solvents with the standard aqueous-based spray solvent (methanol/water, 1:1) shows that the non-aqueous systems have practical value for DESI, especially in the analysis of hydrophobic compounds. Non-aqueous spray solvents were used to ionize thermometer molecules (benzyl pyridinium salts) and showed lower internal energies (softer DESI ionization compared with methanol/water, 1:1), a result that has parallels in known solvent effects in electrospray ionization and is explained by solvent effects on surface tension. Consideration of octanol/water partition coefficients (K(ow)) of the 43 analytes in the light of their DESI results reveals the importance of the solubility of analyte in the spray solvent in producing high quality mass spectra. This finding provides additional support for the droplet pick-up description of the DESI mechanism, which is based on analyte dissolution in the spray solvent, followed by splashing of subsequently arriving droplets in the liquid film to form microdroplets of dissolved analyte. DESI solvent optimization can be improved by the use of K(ow) of the analyte as an indication of the polarity of the most appropriate solvent system.
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75
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Han Y, Levkin P, Abarientos I, Liu H, Svec F, Fréchet JM. Monolithic superhydrophobic polymer layer with photopatterned virtual channel for the separation of peptides using two-dimensional thin layer chromatography-desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 2010; 82:2520-8. [PMID: 20151661 PMCID: PMC2921584 DOI: 10.1021/ac100010h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Superhydrophobic monolithic porous polymer layers with a photopatterned hydrophilic channel have been prepared. These layers were used for two-dimensional thin layer chromatography of peptides. The 50 microm thin poly(butyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) layers supported onto 4.0 x 3.3 cm glass plates were prepared using UV-initiated polymerization in a simple glass mold. Photografting of a mixture of 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate carried out through a mask afforded a 600 microm wide virtual channel along one side of the layer. This channel, which contains ionizable functionalities, enabled the first dimension separation in ion exchange mode. The aqueous mobile phase migrates only through the channel due to the large difference in surface tension at the interface of the hydrophilic channel and the superhydrophobic monolith. The unmodified part of the layer featuring hydrophobic chemistry was then used for the reversed phase separation in the orthogonal second dimension. Practical application of our technique was demonstrated with a rapid 2D separation of a mixture of model peptides differing in hydrophobicity and isoelectric point using a combination of ion-exchange and reversed phase modes. In the former mode, the peptides migrated 11 mm in less than 1 min. Detection of fluorescently labeled peptides was achieved through UV light visualization. Separation of the native peptides was monitored directly using a desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) source coupled to a mass spectrometer. Unidirectional surface scanning with the DESI source was found suitable to determine both the location of each separated peptide and its molecular mass.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jean M.J. Fréchet
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Phone: 510 643 3077. Fax: 510 643 3077.
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76
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Paglia G, Ifa DR, Wu C, Corso G, Cooks RG. Desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry analysis of lipids after two-dimensional high-performance thin-layer chromatography partial separation. Anal Chem 2010; 82:1744-50. [PMID: 20128616 PMCID: PMC2830312 DOI: 10.1021/ac902325j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Molecular imaging of separate but still incompletely resolved spots on high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) plates is used for the direct analysis of porcine brain lipids by desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS). Eight class-specific spots were imaged in the negative ion mode and shown to contain more than fifty lipids. A low lateral resolution of 400 x 400 microm allowed simple, rapid, and incomplete separation to be combined with DESI imaging for the identification of many components of these extremely complex mixtures. In this work, tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) was also employed to confirm the identity of particular lipids directly on HPTLC plates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Paglia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Foggia, Viale L. Pinto, 1-71100 Foggia, Italy
| | - Demian R. Ifa
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN – 47907
| | - Chunping Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN – 47907
| | - Gaetano Corso
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Foggia, Viale L. Pinto, 1-71100 Foggia, Italy
| | - R. Graham Cooks
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN – 47907
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77
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Kennedy JH, Wiseman JM. Evaluation and performance of desorption electrospray ionization using a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer for quantitation of pharmaceuticals in plasma. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2010; 24:309-314. [PMID: 20049888 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The present work describes the methodology and investigates the performance of desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) combined with a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer for the quantitation of small drug molecules in human plasma. Amoxepine, atenolol, carbamazepine, clozapine, prazosin, propranolol and verapamil were selected as target analytes while terfenadine was selected as the internal standard common to each of the analytes. Protein precipitation of human plasma using acetonitrile was utilized for all samples. Limits of detection were determined for all analytes in plasma and shown to be in the range 0.2-40 ng/mL. Quantitative analysis of amoxepine, prazosin and verapamil was performed over the range 20-7400 ng/mL and shown to be linear in all cases with R(2) >0.99. In most cases, the precision (relative standard deviation) and accuracy (relative error) of each method were less than or equal to 20%, respectively. The performance of the combined techniques made it possible to analyze each sample in 15 s illustrating DESI tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) as powerful tool for the quantitation of analytes in deproteinized human plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph H Kennedy
- Prosolia Inc., 351 West 10th Street, Suite 316, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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78
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Abonnenc M, Qiao L, Liu B, Girault HH. Electrochemical aspects of electrospray and laser desorption/ionization for mass spectrometry. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2010; 3:231-54. [PMID: 20636041 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.anchem.111808.073740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Soft-ionization methods, namely electrospray ionization and laser desorption/ionization, are widely used to transfer large molecules as intact gas-phase ions either from a solution or from a solid substrate. During both processes, in-source electrochemical and photoelectrochemical reactions occur. These electrode reactions, which take place at interfaces, play important roles in influencing the ionization products, but they have received little attention. We show that having good control over both types of electrochemical reactions can lead to new analytical applications. Examples include online tagging by grafting of mass tags and in-source photooxidation of peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Abonnenc
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Physique et Analytique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland.
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79
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Mautjana NA, Looi DW, Eyler JR, Brajter-Toth A. Sensitivity of positive ion mode electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI MS) in the analysis of purine bases in ESI MS and on-line electrochemistry ESI MS (EC/ESI MS). Electrochim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2009.07.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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80
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Harry EL, Reynolds JC, Bristow AWT, Wilson ID, Creaser CS. Direct analysis of pharmaceutical formulations from non-bonded reversed-phase thin-layer chromatography plates by desorption electrospray ionisation ion mobility mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2009; 23:2597-2604. [PMID: 19630035 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The direct analysis of pharmaceutical formulations and active ingredients from non-bonded reversed-phase thin layer chromatography (RP-TLC) plates by desorption electrospray ionisation (DESI) combined with ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS) is reported. The analysis of formulations containing analgesic (paracetamol), decongestant (ephedrine), opiate (codeine) and stimulant (caffeine) active pharmaceutical ingredients is described, with and without chromatographic development to separate the active ingredients from the excipient formulation. Selectivity was enhanced by combining ion mobility and mass spectrometry to characterise the desorbed gas-phase analyte ions on the basis of mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) and gas-phase ion mobility (drift time). The solvent composition of the DESI spray using a step gradient was varied to optimise the desorption of active pharmaceutical ingredients from the RP-TLC plates. The combined RP-TLC/DESI-IM-MS approach has potential as a rapid and selective technique for pharmaceutical analysis by orthogonal gas-phase electrophoretic and mass-to-charge separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Harry
- Centre for Analytical Science, Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
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81
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Wood MC, Busby DK, Farnsworth PB. Microscopic Imaging of Glass Surfaces under the Effects of Desorption Electrospray Ionization. Anal Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ac9008868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael C. Wood
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602
| | - Devin K. Busby
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602
| | - Paul B. Farnsworth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602
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82
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Fuchs B, Schiller J, Süß R, Nimptsch A, Schürenberg M, Suckau D. Capabilities and disadvantages of combined matrix-assisted laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC): Analysis of egg yolk lipids. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2009. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.22.2009.1.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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83
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Prudent M, Girault HH. The role of copper in cysteine oxidation: study of intra- and inter-molecular reactions in mass spectrometry. Metallomics 2009; 1:157-65. [DOI: 10.1039/b817061d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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84
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Pasilis SP, Kertesz V, Van Berkel GJ, Schulz M, Schorcht S. HPTLC/DESI-MS imaging of tryptic protein digests separated in two dimensions. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2008; 43:1627-1635. [PMID: 18563861 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) was demonstrated as a method to detect and identify peptides from two-dimensional separations of cytochrome c and myoglobin tryptic digests on ProteoChrom HPTLC Cellulose sheets. Data-dependent tandem mass spectra were acquired during lane scans across the TLC plates. Peptides and the corresponding proteins were identified using a protein database search software. Two-dimensional distributions of identified peptides were mapped for each separated protein digest. Sequence coverages for cytochrome c and myoglobin were 81 and 74%, respectively. These compared well with those determined using the more standard HPLC/ESI-MS/MS approach (89 and 84%, respectively). Preliminary results show that use of more sensitive instrumentation has the potential for improved detection of peptides with low R(f) values and improvement in sequence coverage. However, less multiple charging and more sodiation were seen in HPTLC/DESI-MS spectra relative to HPLC/ESI-MS spectra, which can affect peptide identification by MS/MS. Methods to increase multiple charging and reduce the extent of sodiation are currently under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie P Pasilis
- Organic and Biological Mass Spectrometry Group, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6131, USA
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85
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Kertesz V, Van Berkel GJ. Improved desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry performance using edge sampling and a rotational sample stage. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2008; 22:3846-3850. [PMID: 19003852 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.3812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The position of the surface to be analyzed relative to the sampling orifice or capillary into the mass spectrometer has been known to dramatically affect the observed signal levels in desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS). In analyses of sample spots on planar surfaces, DESI-MS signal intensities as much as five times greater were routinely observed when the bottom of the sampling capillary was appropriately positioned beneath the surface plane ('edge sampling') compared with when the capillary just touched the surface. To take advantage of the optimum 'edge sampling' geometry and to maximize the number of samples that could be analyzed in this configuration, a rotational sample stage was integrated into a typical DESI-MS setup. The rapid quantitative determination of caffeine in two diet sport drinks spiked with an isotopically labeled internal standard demonstrated the utility of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilmos Kertesz
- Organic and Biological Mass Spectrometry Group, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6131, USA.
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86
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Zhou J, Yao S, Qian R, Xu Z, Wei Y, Guo Y. Observation of allicin-cysteine complex by reactive desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for garlic. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2008; 22:3334-3337. [PMID: 18816490 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.3730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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87
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Luykx DMAM, Peters RJB, van Ruth SM, Bouwmeester H. A review of analytical methods for the identification and characterization of nano delivery systems in food. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:8231-8247. [PMID: 18759445 DOI: 10.1021/jf8013926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Detection and characterization of nano delivery systems is an essential part of understanding the benefits as well as the potential toxicity of these systems in food. This review gives a detailed description of food nano delivery systems based on lipids, proteins, and/or polysaccharides and investigates the current analytical techniques that can be used for the identification and characterization of these delivery systems in food products. The analytical approaches have been subdivided into three groups; separation techniques, imaging techniques, and characterization techniques. The principles of the techniques together with their advantages and drawbacks, and reported applications concerning nano delivery systems, or otherwise related compounds are discussed. The review shows that for a sufficient characterization, the nano delivery systems need to be separated from the food matrix, for which high-performance liquid chromatography or field flow fractionation are the most promising techniques. Subsequently, online photon correlation spectroscopy and mass spectrometry seem to be a convenient combination of techniques to characterize a wide variety of nano delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dion M A M Luykx
- Institute of Food Safety, RIKILT, Wageningen UR, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands
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88
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Hao H, Cui N, Wang G, Xiang B, Liang Y, Xu X, Zhang H, Yang J, Zheng C, Wu L, Gong P, Wang W. Global detection and identification of nontarget components from herbal preparations by liquid chromatography hybrid ion trap time-of-flight mass spectrometry and a strategy. Anal Chem 2008; 80:8187-94. [PMID: 18795791 DOI: 10.1021/ac801356s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although the current literature has recorded many reports of identifying components from herbal preparations, all of them were largely limited to target components. This paper provides a novel and generally applicable approach to identifying nontarget components from herbal preparations, based on the use of liquid chromatography ion trap time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC/MS-IT-TOF). A simple program was originally developed for searching the common diagnostic ions from all experimentally generated ions. The components sharing the exact same ions (mass error < 5 mDa) were classified into a family. All families were then connected into a coherent network by the bridging components that are present in two or more families. With the benefit from such a network, it is feasible to sequentially characterize the structures of all diagnostic ions once a single component has been de novo identified. The structures of the diagnostic ions could then be used as "a priori" information for selecting the exact candidates containing the substructures of the corresponding diagnostic ions from the primary database hits. This strategy enables a nearly 7-fold narrowing of the database hits and thus substantially enhances the analytical efficiency and sharpness. With the use of such an approach, 43 out of 53 components incorporated into the network have been successfully identified from the test herbal preparation. For the rest, components failed to be identified using this approach; a complementary approach to screening by sequential loss of specific chemical groups, proposed from the accurate mass differences between fragments, was established to narrow the database hits. All of the 87 peaks detected have been successfully identified by combining the use of both approaches except failed to differentiate some isomers. The presently developed approach and methodology would be useful for the identifications of complicated nontarget components from various complex mixtures such as herbal preparations, biological, and environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Hao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
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89
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Kertesz V, Van Berkel GJ. Improved imaging resolution in desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2008; 22:2639-44. [PMID: 18666197 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.3662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The imaging resolution of desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) was investigated using printed patterns on paper and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) plate surfaces. Resolution approaching 40 microm was achieved with a typical DESI-MS setup, which is approximately 5 times better than the best resolution reported previously. This improvement was accomplished with careful control of operational parameters (particularly spray tip-to-surface distance, solvent flow rate, and spacing of lane scans). In addition, an appropriately strong analyte/surface interaction and uniform surface texture on the size scale no larger than the desired imaging resolution were required to achieve this resolution. Overall, conditions providing the smallest possible effective desorption/ionization area in the DESI impact plume region and minimizing the analyte redistribution on the surface during analysis led to improved DESI-MS imaging resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilmos Kertesz
- Organic and Biological Mass Spectrometry Group, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6131, USA.
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90
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Smith NJ, Domin MA, Scott LT. HRMS Directly From TLC Slides. A Powerful Tool for Rapid Analysis of Organic Mixtures. Org Lett 2008; 10:3493-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ol8012759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie J. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467-3860
| | - Marek A. Domin
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467-3860
| | - Lawrence T. Scott
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467-3860
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91
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Qualitative and quantitative analysis of Radix Astragali products by fast high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry through dynamic adjustment of fragmentor voltage. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1203:27-35. [PMID: 18649887 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2008] [Revised: 06/30/2008] [Accepted: 07/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A novel fast high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method coupled with diode array detection (DAD) and time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF/MS) was developed for qualitative and quantitative analysis of Radix Astragali products. The potential of fast HPLC on 1.8-microm particles was compared with the performance of HPLC on conventional 5-microm particles columns. Significant advantages of fast HPLC include high-speed chromatographic separation, four times faster than HPLC with conventional columns, and great enhancement in sensitivity with limits of detection low to 0.001 ng. With dynamic adjustment of fragmentor voltage in TOF/MS, an efficient transmission of the ions was achieved to obtain the best sensitivity and abundant fragmentation. By accurate mass measurements within 5 ppm error for each molecular ion and subsequent fragment ions, a reliable identification and differentiation of six major saponins including two groups of isomers and twelve main isoflavonoids was described here for the first time. For quantitative analysis by fast HPLC-TOF/MS, linearity of response over two orders of magnitude was demonstrated (r(2)>0.99) for all analytes. Intra-day reproducibility was below 3% RSD and inter-day values were below 5% RSD. A good correlation (slope=1.1108, r(2)=0.9853) was observed for accuracy test. It is concluded that the fast and sensitive HPLC-DAD-TOF/MS is powerful in qualitative and quantitative analysis of complex herbal medicines in terms of time savings, sensitivity, selectivity, precision, accuracy as well as increasing sample throughout and lowering solvent consumption.
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92
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Sassin NA, Everhart SC, Cline JI, Ervin KM. Photodissociation and collisional cooling of rhodamine 575 cations in a quadrupole ion trap. J Chem Phys 2008; 128:234305. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2931553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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93
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Sherma
- Department of Chemistry, Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania 18042
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94
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Kertesz V, Van Berkel GJ, Vavrek M, Koeplinger KA, Schneider BB, Covey TR. Comparison of Drug Distribution Images from Whole-Body Thin Tissue Sections Obtained Using Desorption Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Autoradiography. Anal Chem 2008; 80:5168-77. [DOI: 10.1021/ac800546a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vilmos Kertesz
- Organic and Biological Mass Spectrometry Group, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6131, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486-0004, and MDS Analytical Technologies, Concord, Ontario, L4K 4V8, Canada
| | - Gary J. Van Berkel
- Organic and Biological Mass Spectrometry Group, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6131, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486-0004, and MDS Analytical Technologies, Concord, Ontario, L4K 4V8, Canada
| | - Marissa Vavrek
- Organic and Biological Mass Spectrometry Group, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6131, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486-0004, and MDS Analytical Technologies, Concord, Ontario, L4K 4V8, Canada
| | - Kenneth A. Koeplinger
- Organic and Biological Mass Spectrometry Group, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6131, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486-0004, and MDS Analytical Technologies, Concord, Ontario, L4K 4V8, Canada
| | - Bradley B. Schneider
- Organic and Biological Mass Spectrometry Group, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6131, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486-0004, and MDS Analytical Technologies, Concord, Ontario, L4K 4V8, Canada
| | - Thomas R. Covey
- Organic and Biological Mass Spectrometry Group, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6131, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486-0004, and MDS Analytical Technologies, Concord, Ontario, L4K 4V8, Canada
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95
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Jaworek A. Electrostatic micro- and nanoencapsulation and electroemulsification: A brief review. J Microencapsul 2008; 25:443-68. [DOI: 10.1080/02652040802049109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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96
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Nyadong L, Late S, Green MD, Banga A, Fernández FM. Direct quantitation of active ingredients in solid artesunate antimalarials by noncovalent complex forming reactive desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2008; 19:380-388. [PMID: 18187340 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2007.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2007] [Revised: 11/19/2007] [Accepted: 11/23/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The direct quantitation of active ingredients in solid pharmaceutical tablets by desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI MS) is complicated by the dependence of the DESI signal on variables such as spray angles and distances, morphological sample properties, and the difficulty of properly incorporating an internal standard. Here, a DESI MS method for the direct quantitative screening of widely counterfeited antimalarial tablets containing artesunate is presented. This method is based on reactive DESI, where analyte desorption and ionization occur by the formation of noncovalent complexes between alkylamine molecules in the DESI spray solution and artesunate molecules exposed on the sample surface in the open air. For quantitation purposes, the internal standard d4-artesunic acid was synthesized by esterification of d4-succinic anhydride and dihydroartemisinin, and homogeneously dispersed on the tablet surface via a controlled deposition procedure. The analyte-to-internal standard signal intensity ratio was observed to be largely independent of all DESI variables, only showing dependence on tablet hardness. Analysis of artesunate tablet standards prepared with known amounts of the active ingredient in the 0.02 to 0.32 mg artesunate mg(-1) tablet range resulted in a calibration curve with good linearity (r = 0.9985). Application of this method to the direct quantitation of genuine artesunate tablets from Vietnam showed a 6% (n = 4) precision and 94% accuracy after the spectral data were corrected for tablet hardness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Nyadong
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, USA
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97
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Using HPTLC/DESI-MS for peptide identification in 1D separations of tryptic protein digests. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 391:317-24. [PMID: 18264700 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-1874-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2007] [Revised: 01/08/2008] [Accepted: 01/10/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) was investigated as a method to detect and identify peptides from tryptic digests of cytochrome c and myoglobin separated on ProteoChrom HPTLC Silica gel 60 F(254s) plates and ProteoChrom HPTLC Cellulose sheets. Full-scan mass spectra and data-dependent tandem mass spectra were acquired in separate plate scans and used to identify peptide ions. Peptide distributions along the development lane were mapped for each separated protein digest. Signal levels ranged over several orders of magnitude. In general, highest signal levels were obtained for the peptides with the highest R (f) values on a plate, while peptides with very low R (f) values were often not detected. Sequence coverages for cytochrome c were 58% for the digest separated on the silica gel plate and 72% for the separation on the cellulose sheet; myoglobin sequence coverages were 62% and 68% on silica gel and cellulose, respectively. Weak correlations between peptide hydrophilicity and R (f) values on the silica gel and cellulose plates were found, with the more hydrophilic peptides having lower R (f) values.
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98
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Higuera FJ. Model of the meniscus of an ionic-liquid ion source. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2008; 77:026308. [PMID: 18352123 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.77.026308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A simple model of the transfer of charge and ion evaporation in the meniscus of an ionic-liquid ion source working in the purely ionic regime is proposed on the basis of order-of-magnitude estimates which show that, in this regime, (i) the flow in the meniscus is dominated by the viscosity of the liquid and is affected very little by the mass flux accompanying ion evaporation, and (ii) the effect of the space charge around the evaporating surface is negligible and the evaporation current is controlled by the finite electrical conductivity of the liquid. The model predicts that a stationary meniscus of a very polar liquid undergoing ion evaporation is nearly hydrostatic and can exist only below a certain value of the applied electric field, at which the meniscus attains its maximum elongation but stays smooth. The electric current vs applied electric field characteristic displays a frozen regime of negligible ion evaporation at low fields and a conduction-controlled regime at higher fields, with a sharp transition between the two regimes owing to the high sensitivity of the ion evaporation rate to the electric field. A simplified treatment of the flow in the capillary or liquid layer through which liquid is delivered to the meniscus shows that the size of the meniscus decreases and the maximum attainable current increases when the feeding pressure is decreased, and that appropriate combinations of feeding pressure and pressure drop may lead to high maximum currents.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Higuera
- ETS Ingenieros Aeronáuticos, UPM, Plaza Cardenal Cisneros 3, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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99
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Analytical techniques for speciation analysis of aqueous long-lived radionuclides in environmental matrices. Trends Analyt Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2007.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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100
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Janecki D, Novotny A, Woodward S, Wiseman J, Nurok D. A preliminary study of the coupling of desorption electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry with pressurized planar electrochromatography. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2008. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.21.2008.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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