51
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Liang C, Liu Y, Niu A, Liu C, Li J, Ning D. Smartphone-app based point-of-care testing for myocardial infarction biomarker cTnI using an autonomous capillary microfluidic chip with self-aligned on-chip focusing (SOF) lenses. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:1797-1807. [PMID: 30976769 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00259f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is one of the most common causes of mortality in the world. Most of the diagnostic processes usually require bulky instruments and trained professionals, which cannot meet the demand for fast, early and regular bedside diagnosis. In this paper, a bespoke app on a smartphone and an autonomous capillary microfluidic chip (ACMC) are combined to realize the point-of-care testing of cardiac troponin I (cTnI). The smartphone-app-ACMC platform was based on the sandwich immunofluorescence principle and featured self-aligned on-chip focusing (SOF) lenses which can avoid the complex optical coupling process. The operator only needs to introduce 100 μl sample into the ACMC, where the priming, time-delaying, mixing and washing steps for the assay can be accomplished automatically. With the help of the bespoke app and a palm-sized optical attachment, the smartphone can capture fluorescence images, process fluorescence intensity information, output detection results and save the results for long-term monitoring. Our results showed that within 12 min, the detection limit of 78 pg ml-1 and 94 pg ml-1 for cTnI was attained in buffer and spiked human serum, respectively. Our proposed platform has the potential to be applied in the POCT field especially for some resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liang
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Technology and System of Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China.
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52
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Purr F, Eckardt MF, Kieserling J, Gronwald PL, Burg TP, Dietzel A. Robust Smartphone Assisted Biosensing Based on Asymmetric Nanofluidic Grating Interferometry. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19092065. [PMID: 31058818 PMCID: PMC6540137 DOI: 10.3390/s19092065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Point-of-care systems enable fast therapy decisions on site without the need of any healthcare infrastructure. In addition to the sensitive detection, stable measurement by inexperienced persons outside of laboratory facilities is indispensable. A particular challenge in field applications is to reduce interference from environmental factors, such as temperature, to acceptable levels without sacrificing simplicity. Here, we present a smartphone-based point-of-care sensor. The method uses an optofluidic grating composed of alternating detection and reference channels arranged as a reflective phase grating. Biomolecules adsorbing to the detection channel alter the optical path length, while the parallel reference channels enable a direct common mode rejection within a single measurement. The optical setup is integrated in a compact design of a mobile readout device and the usability is ensured by a smartphone application. Our results show that different ambient temperatures do not have any influence on the signal. In a proof-of concept experiment we measured the accumulation of specific molecules in functionalized detection channels in real-time and without the need of any labeling. Therefore, the channel walls have been modified with biotin as capture molecules and the specific binding of streptavidin was detected. A mobile, reliable and robust point-of-care device has been realized by combining an inherently differential measurement concept with a smartphone-based, mobile readout device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foelke Purr
- Institute of Microtechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
- Max-Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Max-Frederik Eckardt
- Institute of Microtechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Jonas Kieserling
- Institute of Microtechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Paul-Luis Gronwald
- Institute of Microtechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Thomas P Burg
- Max-Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64283 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Andreas Dietzel
- Institute of Microtechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
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53
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A smart preparation strategy for point-of-care cellular counting of trace volumes of human blood. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:2767-2780. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01738-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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54
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Abstract
Cell phones show considerable promise for point-of-care (POC) diagnostic procedures because they are accessible, connected, and computationally powerful. Cell phone image processing methods are being developed for the detection and quantification of a wide range of targets, employing methods from microscopy to fluorescence techniques. However, most of the lab-based biological and biochemical assays still lack a robust and repeatable cell phone analogue. Existing solutions require external smartphone hardware to obtain quantitative results, imposing a design tradeoff between accessibility and accuracy. Here, we develop a cell phone imaging algorithm that enables analysis of assays that would typically be evaluated via spectroscopy. The developed technique uses the saturation parameter of hue-saturation-value color space to enable POC diagnosis. Through the analysis of over 10 000 images, we show that the saturation method consistently outperforms existing algorithms under a wide range of operating field conditions. The performance improvement is also proven analytically via the mathematic relationship between the saturation method and existing techniques. The method presented here is a step forward towards the development of POC diagnostics by reducing the required equipment, improving the limit of detection (LOD), and increasing the precision of quantitative results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Coleman
- Asghar-Lab, Micro and Nanotechnology in Medicine, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA.
| | - Chad Coarsey
- Department of Computer & Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Waseem Asghar
- Asghar-Lab, Micro and Nanotechnology in Medicine, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA. and Department of Computer & Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA and Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
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55
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Cui X, Ren L, Shan Y, Wang X, Yang Z, Li C, Xu J, Ma B. Smartphone-based rapid quantification of viable bacteria by single-cell microdroplet turbidity imaging. Analyst 2019; 143:3309-3316. [PMID: 29774899 DOI: 10.1039/c8an00456k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Standard plate count (SPC) has been recognized as the golden standard for the quantification of viable bacteria. However, SPC usually takes one to several days to grow individual cells into a visible colony, which greatly hampers its application in rapid bacteria enumeration. Here we present a microdroplet turbidity imaging based digital standard plate count (dSPC) method to overcome this hurdle. Instead of cultivating on agar plates, bacteria are encapsulated in monodisperse microdroplets for single-cell cultivation. Proliferation of the encapsulated bacterial cell produced a detectable change in microdroplet turbidity, which allowed, after just a few bacterial doubling cycles (i.e., a few hours), enumeration of viable bacteria by visible-light imaging. Furthermore, a dSPC platform integrating a power-free droplet generator with smartphone-based turbidity imaging was established. As proof-of-concept demonstrations, a series of Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis) samples were quantified via the smartphone dSPC accurately within 6 hours, representing a detection sensitivity of 100 CFU ml-1 and at least 3 times faster. In addition, Enterobacter sakazakii (E. sakazakii) in infant milk powder as a real sample was enumerated within 6 hours, in contrast to the 24 hours needed in traditional SPC. Results with high accuracy and reproducibility were achieved, with no difference in counts found between dSPC and SPC. By enabling label-free, rapid, portable and low-cost enumeration and cultivation of viable bacteria onsite, smartphone dSPC forms the basis for a temporally and geographically trackable network for surveying live microbes globally where every citizen with a cellphone can contribute anytime and anywhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Cui
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, China.
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56
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Markwalter C, Kantor AG, Moore CP, Richardson KA, Wright DW. Inorganic Complexes and Metal-Based Nanomaterials for Infectious Disease Diagnostics. Chem Rev 2019; 119:1456-1518. [PMID: 30511833 PMCID: PMC6348445 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diseases claim millions of lives each year. Robust and accurate diagnostics are essential tools for identifying those who are at risk and in need of treatment in low-resource settings. Inorganic complexes and metal-based nanomaterials continue to drive the development of diagnostic platforms and strategies that enable infectious disease detection in low-resource settings. In this review, we highlight works from the past 20 years in which inorganic chemistry and nanotechnology were implemented in each of the core components that make up a diagnostic test. First, we present how inorganic biomarkers and their properties are leveraged for infectious disease detection. In the following section, we detail metal-based technologies that have been employed for sample preparation and biomarker isolation from sample matrices. We then describe how inorganic- and nanomaterial-based probes have been utilized in point-of-care diagnostics for signal generation. The following section discusses instrumentation for signal readout in resource-limited settings. Next, we highlight the detection of nucleic acids at the point of care as an emerging application of inorganic chemistry. Lastly, we consider the challenges that remain for translation of the aforementioned diagnostic platforms to low-resource settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - David W. Wright
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt
University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
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57
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Pfeil J, Dangelat LN, Frohme M, Schulze K. Smartphone based mobile microscopy for diagnostics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.3233/jcb-180010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Pfeil
- Molecular Biology and Functional Genomics, Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau, Germany
| | - Luise N. Dangelat
- Molecular Biology and Functional Genomics, Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau, Germany
| | - Marcus Frohme
- Molecular Biology and Functional Genomics, Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau, Germany
| | - Katja Schulze
- Oculyze GmbH, Mobile Microscopy and Computer Vision, Wildau, Germany
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58
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Yang K, Wu J, Santos S, Liu Y, Zhu L, Lin F. Recent development of portable imaging platforms for cell-based assays. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 124-125:150-160. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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59
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Qiu Y, Ning D, Zhang P, Curly S, Qiao Y, Ma L, Su M. Three-dimensional microtissues as an in vitro model for personalized radiation therapy. Analyst 2018; 142:3605-3612. [PMID: 28812074 DOI: 10.1039/c7an00794a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the use of 3D microtissues as an intermediate model between the 2D cell culture and the animal model to assess radiation-induced cellular and DNA damage in the context of personalized radiation therapy. An agarose microwell array was used to generate 3D microtissues with controlled size and shape. The microtissues were exposed to X-ray radiation of various doses, and the radiation damage to cells was examined using a variety of techniques with different end points. Damage to cell membranes and reduction in metabolic activity were examined with the MTT assay and dye inclusion assay. DNA damage was tested with the micronucleus assay, γ-H2AX immunostaining, and HaloChip assay. 3D microtissues exposed to X-rays are smaller compared to unexposed ones in extended cultures, indicating that X-ray radiation can retard the growth of cells in 3D microtissues, where cells at the outer shells of microtissues can prevent further damage to those inside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Qiu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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60
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Pan ZB, Wang YC, Chakkaradhari G, Zhu JF, He RY, Liu YC, Hsu CH, Koshevoy IO, Chou PT, Pan SW, Ho ML. A silver metal complex as a luminescent probe for enzymatic sensing of glucose in blood plasma and urine. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:8346-8355. [PMID: 29896594 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt00500a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we present a facile preparation of a paper-based glucose assay for rapid, sensitive, and quantitative measurement of glucose in blood plasma and urine. Two copper phosphorescent complexes [Cu(2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline)(2,6-dimethylphenylisocyanide)2][B(C6H3(CF3)2)4] (Cu1) and [Cu(2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline)(2,6-dimethylphenylisocyanide)2][B(C6H3(CF3)2)4] (Cu2) and a new silver congener [Ag(P3)CNAg(P3)][B(C6H3(CF3)2)4] (Ag3) (P3 = PPh2C6H4-PPh-C6H4PPh2 [bis(o-diphenylphosphinophenyl)phenylphosphine]) have been synthesized and their oxygen sensing abilities were investigated. The dimetallic phosphine-based Ag3 complex, having a high oxygen sensing ability, was employed as an efficient signal transducer in enzymatic reactions to recognize blood plasma glucose and urine glucose, which provided a wide linear response for a concentration range between 1.0 and 35 mM and a rapid response, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.09 mM for glucose. In practical application, this Ag3 paper-based device offers great analytical reliability and accuracy upon monitoring glucose concentrations in blood plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Bang Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Soochow University, No. 70, LinShih Rd, Shih-Lin, Taipei 11102, Taiwan.
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61
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"The Smartphone's Guide to the Galaxy": In Situ Analysis in Space. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2018; 8:bios8040096. [PMID: 30347742 PMCID: PMC6316803 DOI: 10.3390/bios8040096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A human mission to Mars can be viewed as the apex of human technological achievement. However, to make this dream a reality several obstacles need to be overcome. One is devising practical ways to safeguard the crew health during the mission through the development of easy operable and compact sensors. Lately, several smartphone-based sensing devices (SBDs) with the purpose to enable the immediate sensitive detection of chemicals, proteins or pathogens in remote settings have emerged. In this critical review, the potential to piggyback these systems for in situ analysis in space has been investigated on application of a systematic keyword search whereby the most relevant articles were examined comprehensively and existing SBDs were divided into 4 relevant groups for the monitoring of crew health during space missions. Recently developed recognition elements (REs), which could offer the enhanced ability to tolerate those harsh conditions in space, have been reviewed with recommendations offered. In addition, the potential use of cell free synthetic biology to obtain long-term shelf-stable reagents was reviewed. Finally, a synopsis of the possibilities of combining novel SBD, RE and nanomaterials to create a compact sensor-platform ensuring adequate crew health monitoring has been provided.
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62
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Paiè P, Martínez Vázquez R, Osellame R, Bragheri F, Bassi A. Microfluidic Based Optical Microscopes on Chip. Cytometry A 2018; 93:987-996. [PMID: 30211977 PMCID: PMC6220811 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Last decade's advancements in optofluidics allowed obtaining an ever increasing integration of different functionalities in lab on chip devices to culture, analyze, and manipulate single cells and entire biological specimens. Despite the importance of optical imaging for biological sample monitoring in microfluidics, imaging is traditionally achieved by placing microfluidics channels in standard bench-top optical microscopes. Recently, the development of either integrated optical elements or lensless imaging methods allowed optical imaging techniques to be implemented in lab on chip systems, thus increasing their automation, compactness, and portability. In this review, we discuss known solutions to implement microscopes on chip that exploit different optical methods such as bright-field, phase contrast, holographic, and fluorescence microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Paiè
- Istituto di Fotonica e NanotecnologieConsiglio Nazionale dell RicerchePiazza Leonardo da Vinci 3220133 MilanItaly
| | - Rebeca Martínez Vázquez
- Istituto di Fotonica e NanotecnologieConsiglio Nazionale dell RicerchePiazza Leonardo da Vinci 3220133 MilanItaly
| | - Roberto Osellame
- Istituto di Fotonica e NanotecnologieConsiglio Nazionale dell RicerchePiazza Leonardo da Vinci 3220133 MilanItaly
- Dipartimento di FisicaPolitecnico di MilanoPiazza Leonardo da Vinci 3220133 MilanItaly
| | - Francesca Bragheri
- Istituto di Fotonica e NanotecnologieConsiglio Nazionale dell RicerchePiazza Leonardo da Vinci 3220133 MilanItaly
| | - Andrea Bassi
- Istituto di Fotonica e NanotecnologieConsiglio Nazionale dell RicerchePiazza Leonardo da Vinci 3220133 MilanItaly
- Dipartimento di FisicaPolitecnico di MilanoPiazza Leonardo da Vinci 3220133 MilanItaly
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63
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Yang R, Cheng W, Chen X, Qian Q, Zhang Q, Pan Y, Duan P, Miao P. Color Space Transformation-Based Smartphone Algorithm for Colorimetric Urinalysis. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:12141-12146. [PMID: 30320290 PMCID: PMC6175489 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Urine strips are widely applied for rapid analysis of various indexes of urine for clinical examinations. The tests mainly rely on the application of a urine analyzer, which suffers several drawbacks and cannot meet the requirements of point-of-care testing (POCT). The integration of a smartphone with a biosensor has recently attracted great attention. We herein propose a human vision-based smartphone algorithm for colorimetric analysis of various urine indexes. A CIEDE2000 formula in CIELab color space is applied for the evaluation of color difference, which may greatly improve the analytical performances of urine strips. The proposed algorithm also possesses merits such as good accuracy, quantitative analysis, and limited calculation task, which is suitable for the application with smartphone platform. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method shows excellent reliability compared with the urine analyzer and some other algorithms. In addition, human real samples are successfully analyzed with excellent accuracy. Therefore, this work provides a convenient colorimetric tool for POCT urine analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renbing Yang
- CAS
Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical
Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, P. R. China
| | - Wenbo Cheng
- CAS
Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical
Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, P. R. China
- State
Key Lab of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering,
Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, P. R. China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R.
China
- E-mail: (W.C.)
| | - Xifeng Chen
- CAS
Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical
Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, P. R. China
- Tianjin
Guoke Jiaye Medical Technology Development Co., LTD, Tianjin 300399, P. R. China
| | - Qin Qian
- CAS
Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical
Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- CAS
Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical
Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, P. R. China
| | - Yujun Pan
- CAS
Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical
Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, P. R. China
| | - Peng Duan
- CAS
Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical
Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, P. R. China
| | - Peng Miao
- CAS
Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical
Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, P. R. China
- E-mail: . Phone: +86-512-69588279 (P.M.)
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64
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Wang Y, Liu X, Chen P, Tran NT, Zhang J, Chia WS, Boujday S, Liedberg B. Smartphone spectrometer for colorimetric biosensing. Analyst 2018; 141:3233-8. [PMID: 27163736 DOI: 10.1039/c5an02508g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report on a smartphone spectrometer for colorimetric biosensing applications. The spectrometer relies on a sample cell with an integrated grating substrate, and the smartphone's built-in light-emitting diode flash and camera. The feasibility of the smartphone spectrometer is demonstrated for detection of glucose and human cardiac troponin I, the latter in conjunction with peptide-functionalized gold nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, 637553 Singapore. and Wenzhou Institute of Biomedical and Engineering, CNITECH, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325001, PR China
| | - Xiaohu Liu
- Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, 637553 Singapore.
| | - Peng Chen
- Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, 637553 Singapore.
| | - Nhung Thi Tran
- Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, 637553 Singapore.
| | - Jinling Zhang
- Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, 637553 Singapore.
| | - Wei Sheng Chia
- Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, 637553 Singapore.
| | - Souhir Boujday
- Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, 637553 Singapore. and Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 6, UMR CNRS 7197, Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface, F75005 Paris, France
| | - Bo Liedberg
- Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, 637553 Singapore.
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65
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Ross GMS, Bremer MGEG, Nielen MWF. Consumer-friendly food allergen detection: moving towards smartphone-based immunoassays. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:5353-5371. [PMID: 29582120 PMCID: PMC6096701 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-0989-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In this critical review, we provide a comprehensive overview of immunochemical food allergen assays and detectors in the context of their user-friendliness, through their connection to smartphones. Smartphone-based analysis is centered around citizen science, putting analysis into the hands of the consumer. Food allergies represent a significant worldwide health concern and consumers should be able to analyze their foods, whenever and wherever they are, for allergen presence. Owing to the need for a scientific background, traditional laboratory-based detection methods are generally unsuitable for the consumer. Therefore, it is important to develop simple, safe, and rapid assays that can be linked with smartphones as detectors to improve user accessibility. Smartphones make excellent detection systems because of their cameras, embedded flash functions, portability, connectivity, and affordability. Therefore, this review has summarized traditional laboratory-based methods for food allergen detection such as enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assay, flow cytometry, and surface plasmon resonance, and the potential to modernize these methods by interfacing them with a smartphone readout system, based on the aforementioned smartphone characteristics. This is the first review focusing on smartphone-based food-allergen detection methods designed with the intention of being consumer-friendly. Graphical abstract A smartphone-based food allergen detection system in three easy steps (1) sample preparation, (2) allergen detection on a smartphone using antibodies, which then transmits the data wirelessly, (3) analytical results sent straight to smartphone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina M S Ross
- RIKILT, Wageningen University and Research, P.O Box 230, 6700 AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Monique G E G Bremer
- RIKILT, Wageningen University and Research, P.O Box 230, 6700 AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michel W F Nielen
- RIKILT, Wageningen University and Research, P.O Box 230, 6700 AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Helix Building 124, Stippeng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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66
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A Simple Imaging Device for Fluorescence-Relevant Applications. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:mi9080418. [PMID: 30424351 PMCID: PMC6211139 DOI: 10.3390/mi9080418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This article unveiled the development of an inexpensive, lightweight, easy-to-use, and portable fluorescence imaging device for paper-based analytical applications. We used commercial fluorescent dyes, as proof of concept, to verify the feasibility of our fluorescence imaging device for bioanalysis. This approach may provide an alternative method for nucleotide detection and semen analysis, using a miniaturized fluorescence reader that is more compact and portable than conventional analytical equipment.
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67
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Sun X, Boulgakov AA, Smith LN, Metola P, Marcotte EM, Anslyn EV. Photography Coupled with Self-Propagating Chemical Cascades: Differentiation and Quantitation of G- and V-Nerve Agent Mimics via Chromaticity. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2018; 4:854-861. [PMID: 30062113 PMCID: PMC6062830 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.8b00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Photography was employed for the quantitation and differentiation of G- and V-series nerve agent mimics with the use of self-propagating cascades. Fluoride anion and thiols, released from a G-nerve agent mimic (i.e., diisopropyl fluorophosphate) and a V-nerve agent mimic (i.e., demeton-S-methyl), respectively, were used to initiate self-propagating cascades that amplify fluorescence signals exponentially in a ratiometric manner. A homemade LEGO dark-box, a cell phone, and 96-well plates were employed to collect photographs of the fluorescence response to the analytes. The photographic images were digitally processed in the 1931 xyY color space using a watershed and morphological erosion algorithm to generate chromaticity vs concentration calibration curves. We show that the two different amplification routines are selective for their analyte class and thus successfully discriminated the G- and V-series nerve agent mimics. Further, accurate concentrations of the analytes are determined using the chromaticity and LEGO approach given herein, thus demonstrating a simple and on-site constructible/portable device for use in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology/Institute
for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biosciences, and Advanced Research
Initiative, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Bioinspired
Engineering and Biomechanical Center, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical
Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science
and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049, P.R. China
| | - Alexander A. Boulgakov
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology/Institute
for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biosciences, and Advanced Research
Initiative, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Leilani N. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology/Institute
for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biosciences, and Advanced Research
Initiative, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Pedro Metola
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology/Institute
for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biosciences, and Advanced Research
Initiative, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Edward M. Marcotte
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology/Institute
for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biosciences, and Advanced Research
Initiative, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Eric V. Anslyn
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology/Institute
for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biosciences, and Advanced Research
Initiative, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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68
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Khan FZ, Hutcheson JA, Hunter CJ, Powless AJ, Benson D, Fritsch I, Muldoon TJ. Redox-Magnetohydrodynamically Controlled Fluid Flow with Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Coupled to an Epitaxial Light Sheet Confocal Microscope for Image Cytometry Applications. Anal Chem 2018; 90:7862-7870. [PMID: 29873231 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b05312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We present the merging of two technologies to perform continuous high-resolution fluorescence imaging of cellular suspensions in a deep microfluidics chamber with no moving parts. An epitaxial light sheet confocal microscope (e-LSCM) was used to image suspensions enabled by fluid transport via redox-magnetohydrodynamics (R-MHD). The e-LSCM features a linear solid state sensor, oriented perpendicular to the direction of flow, that can bin the emission across different numbers of pixels, yielding electronically adjustable optical sectioning. This, in addition to intensity thresholding, defines the axial resolution, which was validated with an optical phantom of polystyrene microspheres suspended in agarose. The linear fluid speed within the microfluidics chamber was uniform (0.16-2.9%) across the 0.5-1.0 mm lateral field of view (dependent upon the chosen magnification) with continuous acquisition. Also, the camera's linear exposure periods were controlled to ensure an accurate image aspect ratio across this span. Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) was electrodeposited as an immobilized redox film on electrodes of a chip for R-MHD, and the fluid flow was calibrated to specific linear speeds as a function of applied current. Images of leukocytes stained with acridine orange, a fluorescent, amphipathic vital dye that intercalates DNA, were acquired in the R-MHD microfluidics chamber with the e-LSCM to demonstrate imaging of biological samples. The combination of these technologies provides a miniaturizable platform for large sample volumes and high-throughput, image-based analysis without the requirement of moving parts, enabling development of robust, point-of-care image cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foysal Z Khan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Arkansas , Fayetteville , Arkansas 72701 , United States
| | - Joshua A Hutcheson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of Arkansas , Fayetteville , Arkansas 72701 , United States
| | - Courtney J Hunter
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of Arkansas , Fayetteville , Arkansas 72701 , United States
| | - Amy J Powless
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of Arkansas , Fayetteville , Arkansas 72701 , United States
| | - Devin Benson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Arkansas , Fayetteville , Arkansas 72701 , United States
| | - Ingrid Fritsch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Arkansas , Fayetteville , Arkansas 72701 , United States
| | - Timothy J Muldoon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of Arkansas , Fayetteville , Arkansas 72701 , United States
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69
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Automatic smartphone-based microfluidic biosensor system at the point of care. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 110:78-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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70
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Kim B, Oh S, Shin S, Yim SG, Yang SY, Hahn YK, Choi S. Pumpless Microflow Cytometry Enabled by Viscosity Modulation and Immunobead Labeling. Anal Chem 2018; 90:8254-8260. [PMID: 29874050 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b01804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Major challenges of miniaturizing flow cytometry include obviating the need for bulky, expensive, and complex pump-based fluidic and laser-based optical systems while retaining the ability to detect target cells based on their unique surface receptors. We addressed these critical challenges by (i) using a viscous liquid additive to control flow rate passively, without external pumping equipment, and (ii) adopting an immunobead assay that can be quantified with a portable fluorescence cell counter based on a blue light-emitting diode. Such novel features enable pumpless microflow cytometry (pFC) analysis by simply dropping a sample solution onto the inlet reservoir of a disposable cell-counting chamber. With our pFC platform, we achieved reliable cell counting over a dynamic range of 9-298 cells/μL. We demonstrated the practical utility of the platform by identifying a type of cancer cell based on CD326, the epithelial cell adhesion molecule. This portable microflow cytometry platform can be applied generally to a range of cell types using immunobeads labeled with specific antibodies, thus making it valuable for cell-based and point-of-care diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeongyeon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Kyung Hee University , Yongin-si , Gyeonggi-do 17104 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sein Oh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Kyung Hee University , Yongin-si , Gyeonggi-do 17104 , Republic of Korea
| | - Suyeon Shin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Kyung Hee University , Yongin-si , Gyeonggi-do 17104 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Gu Yim
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Life and Industry Convergence Institute , Pusan National University , 1268-50 Samrangjin-ro , Miryang 50463 , Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Yun Yang
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Life and Industry Convergence Institute , Pusan National University , 1268-50 Samrangjin-ro , Miryang 50463 , Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ki Hahn
- Department of New Biology , Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST) , Daegu 42988 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sungyoung Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Kyung Hee University , Yongin-si , Gyeonggi-do 17104 , Republic of Korea
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71
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Kılıç V, Alankus G, Horzum N, Mutlu AY, Bayram A, Solmaz ME. Single-Image-Referenced Colorimetric Water Quality Detection Using a Smartphone. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:5531-5536. [PMID: 31458756 PMCID: PMC6641965 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we present a smartphone platform for colorimetric water quality detection based on the use of built-in camera for capturing a single-use reference image. A custom-developed app processes this image for training and creates a reference model to be used later in real experimental conditions to calculate the concentration of the unknown solution. This platform has been tested on four different water quality colorimetric assays with various concentration levels, and results show that the presented platform provides approximately 100% accuracy for colorimetric assays with noticeable color difference. This portable, cost-effective, and user-friendly platform is promising for application in water quality monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volkan Kılıç
- Department
of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Engineering
Sciences, and Department of Material Science and Engineering, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Balatcik Campus, Cigli, Izmir 35620, Turkey
| | - Gazihan Alankus
- Department
of Mechatronics Engineering, Izmir University
of Economics, Balcova, 35330 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Nesrin Horzum
- Department
of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Engineering
Sciences, and Department of Material Science and Engineering, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Balatcik Campus, Cigli, Izmir 35620, Turkey
| | - Ali Y. Mutlu
- Department
of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Engineering
Sciences, and Department of Material Science and Engineering, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Balatcik Campus, Cigli, Izmir 35620, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Bayram
- Department
of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Engineering
Sciences, and Department of Material Science and Engineering, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Balatcik Campus, Cigli, Izmir 35620, Turkey
| | - Mehmet E. Solmaz
- Department
of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Engineering
Sciences, and Department of Material Science and Engineering, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Balatcik Campus, Cigli, Izmir 35620, Turkey
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72
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Ballard ZS, Brown C, Ozcan A. Mobile Technologies for the Discovery, Analysis, and Engineering of the Global Microbiome. ACS NANO 2018; 12:3065-3082. [PMID: 29553706 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b08660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The microbiome has been heralded as a gauge of and contributor to both human health and environmental conditions. Current challenges in probing, engineering, and harnessing the microbiome stem from its microscopic and nanoscopic nature, diversity and complexity of interactions among its members and hosts, as well as the spatiotemporal sampling and in situ measurement limitations induced by the restricted capabilities and norm of existing technologies, leaving some of the constituents of the microbiome unknown. To facilitate significant progress in the microbiome field, deeper understanding of the constituents' individual behavior, interactions with others, and biodiversity are needed. Also crucial is the generation of multimodal data from a variety of subjects and environments over time. Mobile imaging and sensing technologies, particularly through smartphone-based platforms, can potentially meet some of these needs in field-portable, cost-effective, and massively scalable manners by circumventing the need for bulky, expensive instrumentation. In this Perspective, we outline how mobile sensing and imaging technologies could lead the way to unprecedented insight into the microbiome, potentially shedding light on various microbiome-related mysteries of today, including the composition and function of human, animal, plant, and environmental microbiomes. Finally, we conclude with a look at the future, propose a computational microbiome engineering and optimization framework, and discuss its potential impact and applications.
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73
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Lee Y, Kim B, Choi S. On-Chip Cell Staining and Counting Platform for the Rapid Detection of Blood Cells in Cerebrospinal Fluid. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18041124. [PMID: 29642424 PMCID: PMC5948756 DOI: 10.3390/s18041124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Counting blood cells in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is indispensable for diagnosing several pathological conditions in the central nervous system, such as meningitis, even though collecting CSF samples is invasive. Cell counting methods, such as hemocytometer chambers and flow cytometers, have been used for CSF cell counting, but they often lack the sensitivity to detect low blood cell numbers. They also depend on off-chip, manual sample preparation or require bulky, costly equipment, thereby limiting their clinical utility. Here, we present a portable cell counting platform for simple, rapid CSF cell counting that integrates a microfluidic cell counting chamber with a miniaturized microscope. The microfluidic chamber is designed not only to be a reagent container for on-chip cell staining but also to have a large control volume for accurate cell counting. The proposed microscope miniaturizes both bright-field and fluorescence microscopy with a simple optical setup and a custom cell-counting program, thereby allowing rapid and automated cell counting of nucleated white blood cells and non-nucleated red blood cells in fluorescence and bright-field images. Using these unique features, we successfully demonstrate the ability of our counting platform to measure low CSF cell counts without sample preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Korea.
| | - Byeongyeon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Korea.
| | - Sungyoung Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Korea.
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74
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A modular, open-source, slide-scanning microscope for diagnostic applications in resource-constrained settings. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194063. [PMID: 29543835 PMCID: PMC5854341 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper we report the development of a cost-effective, modular, open source, and fully automated slide-scanning microscope, composed entirely of easily available off-the-shelf parts, and capable of bright field and fluorescence modes. The automated X-Y stage is composed of two low-cost micrometer stages coupled to stepper motors operated in open-loop mode. The microscope is composed of a low-cost CMOS sensor and low-cost board lenses placed in a 4f configuration. The system has approximately 1 micron resolution, limited by the f/# of available board lenses. The microscope is compact, measuring just 25×25×30 cm, and has an absolute positioning accuracy of ±1 μm in the X and Y directions. A Z-stage enables autofocusing and imaging over large fields of view even on non-planar samples, and custom software enables automatic determination of sample boundaries and image mosaicking. We demonstrate the utility of our device through imaging of fluorescent- and transmission-dye stained blood and fecal smears containing human and animal parasites, as well as several prepared tissue samples. These results demonstrate image quality comparable to high-end commercial microscopes at a cost of less than US$400 for a bright-field system, with an extra US$100 needed for the fluorescence module.
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75
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Optical molecular analysis using office flatbed photo scanner: New approaches and solutions. Talanta 2018; 178:377-383. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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76
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Colorimetric sensor array–smartphone–remote server coupling system for rapid detection of saccharides in beverages. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-018-1306-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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77
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Bachman H, Huang PH, Zhao S, Yang S, Zhang P, Fu H, Huang TJ. Acoustofluidic devices controlled by cell phones. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:433-441. [PMID: 29302660 PMCID: PMC5989538 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc01222e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Acoustofluidic devices have continuously demonstrated their potential to impact medical diagnostics and lab-on-a-chip applications. To bring these technologies to real-world applications, they must be made more accessible to end users. Herein, we report on the effort to provide an easy-to-use and portable system for controlling sharp-edge-based acoustofluidic devices. With the use of a cell phone and a modified Bluetooth® speaker, on-demand and hands-free pumping and mixing are achieved. Additionally, a novel design for a sharp-edge-based acoustofluidic device is proposed that combines both pumping and mixing functions into a single device, thus removing the need for external equipment typically needed to accomplish these two tasks. These applications serve to demonstrate the potential function that acoustofluidic devices can provide in point-of-care platforms. To further this point-of-care goal, we also design a portable microscope that combines with the cell phone and Bluetooth® power supply, providing a completely transportable acoustofluidic testing station. This work serves to bolster the promising position that acoustofluidic devices have within the rapidly changing research and diagnostics fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunter Bachman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
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78
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Yang K, Wu J, Peretz-Soroka H, Zhu L, Li Z, Sang Y, Hipolito J, Zhang M, Santos S, Hillier C, de Faria RL, Liu Y, Lin F. M kit: A cell migration assay based on microfluidic device and smartphone. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 99:259-267. [PMID: 28772229 PMCID: PMC5585005 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.07.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Mobile sensing based on the integration of microfluidic device and smartphone, so-called MS2 technology, has enabled many applications over recent years, and continues to stimulate growing interest in both research communities and industries. In particular, it has been envisioned that MS2 technology can be developed for various cell functional assays to enable basic research and clinical applications. Toward this direction, in this paper, we describe the development of a MS2-based cell functional assay for testing cell migration (the Mkit). The system is constructed as an integrated test kit, which includes microfluidic chips, a smartphone-based imaging platform, the phone apps for image capturing and data analysis, and a set of reagent and accessories for performing the cell migration assay. We demonstrated that the Mkit can effectively measure purified neutrophil and cancer cell chemotaxis. Furthermore, neutrophil chemotaxis can be tested from a drop of whole blood using the Mkit with red blood cell (RBC) lysis. The effects of chemoattractant dose and gradient profile on neutrophil chemotaxis were also tested using the Mkit. In addition to research applications, we demonstrated the effective use of the Mkit for on-site test at the hospital and for testing clinical samples from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patient. Thus, this developed Mkit provides an easy and integrated experimental platform for cell migration related research and potential medical diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Yang
- Institute of Applied Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, PR China; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Jiandong Wu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Hagit Peretz-Soroka
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Ling Zhu
- Institute of Applied Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Zhigang Li
- Institute of Applied Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Yaoshuo Sang
- Institute of Applied Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Jolly Hipolito
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | - Susy Santos
- Victoria General Hospital and River Heights/Fort Garry Community areas, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | | | - Yong Liu
- Institute of Applied Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Francis Lin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
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79
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Abstract
This critical review summarizes the developments in the integration of micro-optical elements with microfluidic platforms for facilitating detection and automation of bio-analytical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology
- Chinese Academy of Science
- 518055 Shenzhen
- China
| | - Martin A. M. Gijs
- Laboratory of Microsystems
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
- 1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
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80
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Lee JY, Won BY, Park HG. Label-Free Multiplex DNA Detection Utilizing Projected Capacitive Touchscreen. Biotechnol J 2017; 13. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joon Young Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21+ Program); Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); 291 Daehak-ro Yuseong-gu Daejeon 305-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Yeon Won
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21+ Program); Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); 291 Daehak-ro Yuseong-gu Daejeon 305-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Gyu Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21+ Program); Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); 291 Daehak-ro Yuseong-gu Daejeon 305-701 Republic of Korea
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81
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Martínez Vázquez R, Trotta G, Volpe A, Bernava G, Basile V, Paturzo M, Ferraro P, Ancona A, Fassi I, Osellame R. Rapid Prototyping of Plastic Lab-on-a-Chip by Femtosecond Laser Micromachining and Removable Insert Microinjection Molding. MICROMACHINES 2017; 8:mi8110328. [PMID: 30400518 PMCID: PMC6190455 DOI: 10.3390/mi8110328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We have introduced a new hybrid fabrication method for lab-on-a-chip devices through the combination of femtosecond laser micromachining and removable insert micro-injection molding. This method is particularly suited for the fast prototyping of new devices, while maintaining a competitive low cost. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach, we designed, fabricated, and tested a completely integrated flow cytometer coupled to a portable media device. The system operation was tested with fluorescent plastic micro-bead solutions ranging from 100 beads/μL to 500 beads/μL. We demonstrated that this hybrid lab-on-a-chip fabrication technology is suitable for producing low-cost and portable biological microsystems and for effectively bridging the gap between new device concepts and their mass production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Martínez Vázquez
- IFN CNR, Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies, National Research Council, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Gianluca Trotta
- ITIA CNR, Institute of Industrial Technology and Automation, National Research Council, Via P. Lembo 38F, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Annalisa Volpe
- IFN CNR, Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies, National Research Council, Via Amendola 173, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Bernava
- ISASI CNR, Institute of Applied Sciences & Intelligent Systems "E. Caianiello", Via Torre Bianca-Istituto Marino Pad. 4 Mortelle, 98164 Messina, Italy.
| | - Vito Basile
- ITIA CNR, Institute of Industrial Technology and Automation, National Research Council, Via P. Lembo 38F, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Melania Paturzo
- ISASI CNR, Institute of Applied Sciences & Intelligent Systems "E. Caianiello", Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy.
| | - Pietro Ferraro
- ISASI CNR, Institute of Applied Sciences & Intelligent Systems "E. Caianiello", Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy.
| | - Antonio Ancona
- IFN CNR, Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies, National Research Council, Via Amendola 173, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Irene Fassi
- ITIA CNR, Institute of Industrial Technology and Automation, National Research Council, Via P. Lembo 38F, 70124 Bari, Italy.
- ITIA CNR, Institute of Industrial Technology and Automation, National Research Council, Via A. Corti 12, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Roberto Osellame
- IFN CNR, Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies, National Research Council, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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82
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Geng Z, Zhang X, Fan Z, Lv X, Su Y, Chen H. Recent Progress in Optical Biosensors Based on Smartphone Platforms. SENSORS 2017; 17:s17112449. [PMID: 29068375 PMCID: PMC5713127 DOI: 10.3390/s17112449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
With a rapid improvement of smartphone hardware and software, especially complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) cameras, many optical biosensors based on smartphone platforms have been presented, which have pushed the development of the point-of-care testing (POCT). Imaging-based and spectrometry-based detection techniques have been widely explored via different approaches. Combined with the smartphone, imaging-based and spectrometry-based methods are currently used to investigate a wide range of molecular properties in chemical and biological science for biosensing and diagnostics. Imaging techniques based on smartphone-based microscopes are utilized to capture microscale analysts, while spectrometry-based techniques are used to probe reactions or changes of molecules. Here, we critically review the most recent progress in imaging-based and spectrometry-based smartphone-integrated platforms that have been developed for chemical experiments and biological diagnosis. We focus on the analytical performance and the complexity for implementation of the platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxin Geng
- School of Information Engineering, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Xiong Zhang
- School of Information Engineering, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Zhiyuan Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Xiaoqing Lv
- State Key Laboratory for Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Yue Su
- State Key Laboratory for Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Hongda Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China.
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83
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Inan H, Kingsley JL, Ozen MO, Tekin HC, Hoerner CR, Imae Y, Metzner TJ, Preiss JS, Durmus NG, Ozsoz M, Wakelee H, Fan AC, Tüzel E, Demirci U. Monitoring Neutropenia for Cancer Patients at the Point of Care. SMALL METHODS 2017; 1:1700193. [PMID: 30740513 PMCID: PMC6364993 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.201700193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils have a critical role in regulating the immune system. The immune system is compromised during chemotherapy, increasing infection risks and imposing a need for regular monitoring of neutrophil counts. Although commercial hematology analyzers are currently used in clinical practice for neutrophil counts, they are only available in clinics and hospitals, use large blood volumes, and are not available at the point of care (POC). Additionally, phlebotomy and blood processing require trained personnel, where patients are often admitted to hospitals when the infections are at late stage due to lack of frequent monitoring. Here, a reliable method is presented that selectively captures and quantifies white blood cells (WBCs) and neutrophils from a finger prick volume of whole blood by integrating microfluidics with high-resolution imaging algorithms. The platform is compact, portable, and easy to use. It captures and quantifies WBCs and neutrophils with high efficiency (>95%) and specificity (>95%) with an overall 4.2% bias compared to standard testing. The results from a small cohort of patients (N = 11 healthy, N = 5 lung and kidney cancer) present a unique disposable cell counter, demonstrating the ability of this tool to monitor neutrophil and WBC counts within clinical or in resource-constrained environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Inan
- Demirci Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - James L Kingsley
- Department of Physics, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA 01609-2280, USA
| | - Mehmet O Ozen
- Demirci Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Huseyin Cumhur Tekin
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, 35100 Urla, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Christian R Hoerner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yoriko Imae
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | | | | | - Mehmet Ozsoz
- Independent Scholar, 35100, 6500/1 Sokak, No:8F, Karsiyaka/Izmir, Turkey
| | - Heather Wakelee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alice C Fan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Erkan Tüzel
- Department of Physics, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA 01609-2280, USA
| | - Utkan Demirci
- Demirci Bio-Acoustic-MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine
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84
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A smartphone colorimetric reader integrated with an ambient light sensor and a 3D printed attachment for on-site detection of zearalenone. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:6567-6574. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0605-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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85
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Wu Y, Ozcan A. Lensless digital holographic microscopy and its applications in biomedicine and environmental monitoring. Methods 2017; 136:4-16. [PMID: 28864356 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2017.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Optical compound microscope has been a major tool in biomedical imaging for centuries. Its performance relies on relatively complicated, bulky and expensive lenses and alignment mechanics. In contrast, the lensless microscope digitally reconstructs microscopic images of specimens without using any lenses, as a result of which it can be made much smaller, lighter and lower-cost. Furthermore, the limited space-bandwidth product of objective lenses in a conventional microscope can be significantly surpassed by a lensless microscope. Such lensless imaging designs have enabled high-resolution and high-throughput imaging of specimens using compact, portable and cost-effective devices to potentially address various point-of-care, global-health and telemedicine related challenges. In this review, we discuss the operation principles and the methods behind lensless digital holographic on-chip microscopy. We also go over various applications that are enabled by cost-effective and compact implementations of lensless microscopy, including some recent work on air quality monitoring, which utilized machine learning for high-throughput and accurate quantification of particulate matter in air. Finally, we conclude with a brief future outlook of this computational imaging technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Wu
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Aydogan Ozcan
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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86
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Knowlton S, Joshi A, Syrrist P, Coskun AF, Tasoglu S. 3D-printed smartphone-based point of care tool for fluorescence- and magnetophoresis-based cytometry. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:2839-2851. [PMID: 28726914 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00706j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In developing countries, there are often limited resources available to provide important medical diagnostics, which severely limits our ability to diagnose conditions and administer proper treatment, leading to high mortality rates for treatable conditions. Here, we propose a multiplex tool capable of density-based cell sorting via magnetic focusing in parallel with fluorescence imaging to provide highly specific clinical assays. While many cell sorting techniques and fluorescence microscopes generally are costly and require extensive user training, limiting accessibility and usability in developing countries, this device is compact, low-cost, and portable. The device can separate cells on the basis of density, which can be used to identify cell type and cell activity, and image the cells in either brightfield, darkfield, or fluorescent imaging modes using the built-in smartphone camera. The combination of these two powerful and versatile techniques - magnetic focusing and fluorescence imaging - will make this platform broadly applicable to a range of biomedical assays. Clinical applications include cell cytometry and immunocytochemistry-based assays in limited-resource settings, which can ultimately help to improve worldwide accessibility to medical diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Knowlton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
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87
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Kim B, Lee YJ, Park JG, Yoo D, Hahn YK, Choi S. A portable somatic cell counter based on a multi-functional counting chamber and a miniaturized fluorescence microscope. Talanta 2017; 170:238-243. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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88
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Persichetti G, Grimaldi IA, Testa G, Bernini R. Multifunctional optofluidic lab-on-chip platform for Raman and fluorescence spectroscopic microfluidic analysis. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:2631-2639. [PMID: 28664956 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00460e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A multifunctional lab-on-a-chip platform for spectroscopic analysis of liquid samples based on an optofluidic jet waveguide is reported. The optofluidic detection scheme is achieved through the total internal reflection arising in a liquid jet of only 150 μm diameter, leading to highly efficient signal excitation and collection. This results in an optofluidic chip with an alignment-free spectroscopic detection scheme, which avoids any background from the sample container. This platform has been designed for multiwavelength fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy. The chip integrates a recirculation system that reduces the required sample volume. The evaluation of the device performance has been accomplished by means of fluorescence measurements performed on eosin Y in water solutions, achieving a limit of detection of 33 pM. The sensor has been applied in Raman spectroscopy of water-ethanol solutions, leading to a limit of detection of 0.18%. As additional application, analysis of riboflavin using fluorescence detection demonstrates the possibility of detecting this vitamin at the 560 pM level (0.21 ng l-1). Although measurements have been performed by means of a compact and low-cost spectrometer, in both cases the micro-jet optofluidic chip achieved similar performances if not better than high-end benchtop based laboratory equipment. This approach paves the way towards portable lab-on-a-chip devices for high sensitivity environmental and biochemical sensing, using optical spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Persichetti
- Institute for Electromagnetic Monitoring of the Environment (IREA), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy.
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89
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Amin R, Knowlton S, Dupont J, Bergholz JS, Joshi A, Hart A, Yenilmez B, Yu CH, Wentworth A, Zhao JJ, Tasoglu S. 3D-printed smartphone-based device for label-free cell separation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.2217/3dp-2016-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aim: To assess several fabrication metrics of a 3D-printed smartphone-attachable continuous-flow magnetic focusing device for real-time separation and detection of different cell types based on their volumetric mass density in high-volume samples. Method: The smartphone apparatus has been designed and fabricated using three different 3D printing method. Several 3D printing metrics including cost, printing time, and resolution have been evaluated to propose a cost-efficient and high-performance platform for low-resource settings. Results: To apply the magnetic focusing technique on large sample volumes, a heterogeneous mixture of sample (e.g., containing blood cells and cancer cells) suspended in paramagnetic medium is pumped through a magnetic field at an optimum flow rate. The performance of the 3D-printed device has been investigated by demonstrating separation of microspheres, breast, lung, ovarian and prostate cancer cells mixed with blood cells. The separation distance of cancer and blood cells is around 100 μm, allowing the two cell types to be easily distinguished. Conclusion: This device could be useful for clinical centers in low-income countries where expensive infrastructure, equipment (e.g., FACS) and technical expertise are lacking. This device could ultimately be applied to rare cell separation and purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Amin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Stephanie Knowlton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Joshua Dupont
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Johann S Bergholz
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ashwini Joshi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Alexander Hart
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Bekir Yenilmez
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Chu Hsiang Yu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Adam Wentworth
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Jean J Zhao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Savas Tasoglu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Institute for Collaboration on Health, Intervention, & Policy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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90
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91
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Mobile phone-based biosensing: An emerging “diagnostic and communication” technology. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 92:549-562. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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92
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Azmayesh-Fard SM, Melnyk A, Lam L, Allen T, Fedosejevs R, DeCorby RG. A dynamic strategy for wavelength sensing using the diffracted orders of a grating. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:1988-1995. [PMID: 28488720 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00259a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We propose a strategy for real time multicolour detection of light emitting particles under flow conditions, using the diffracted orders of a grating. The method relies on the fact that the spatial (angular/linear) separation between the orders of a diffraction grating is a wavelength dependent quantity. Thus, the difference in arrival times at a fixed detector for neighbouring orders produced by a moving, light-emitting particle can be used as a wavelength sensing mechanism. We demonstrate this functionality using a prototype PDMS microfluidic device that incorporates a focusing transmission grating. A key attribute of this approach is that it requires only a single sensitive detector, such as a photomultiplier tube, in contrast to many conventional approaches which require multiple sensitive detectors or a detector array.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed M Azmayesh-Fard
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, ECERF Building, 9107 - 116 Street, N.W., Edmonton, Alberta T6G2V4, Canada.
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93
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Koydemir HC, Ozcan A. Mobile phones create new opportunities for microbiology research and clinical applications. Future Microbiol 2017; 12:641-644. [PMID: 28541094 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2017-0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aydogan Ozcan
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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94
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Streak Imaging Flow Cytometer for Rare Cell Analysis. Methods Mol Biol 2017. [PMID: 28281262 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6848-0_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
There is a need for simple and affordable techniques for cytology for clinical applications, especially for point-of-care (POC) medical diagnostics in resource-poor settings. However, this often requires adapting expensive and complex laboratory-based techniques that often require significant power and are too massive to transport easily. One such technique is flow cytometry, which has great potential for modification due to the simplicity of the principle of optical tracking of cells. However, it is limited in that regard due to the flow focusing technique used to isolate cells for optical detection. This technique inherently reduces the flow rate and is therefore unsuitable for rapid detection of rare cells which require large volume for analysis.To address these limitations, we developed a low-cost, mobile flow cytometer based on streak imaging. In our new configuration we utilize a simple webcam for optical detection over a large area associated with a wide-field flow cell. The new flow cell is capable of larger volume and higher throughput fluorescence detection of rare cells than the flow cells with hydrodynamic focusing used in conventional flow cytometry. The webcam is an inexpensive, commercially available system, and for fluorescence analysis we use a 1 W 450 nm blue laser to excite Syto-9 stained cells with emission at 535 nm. We were able to detect low concentrations of stained cells at high flow rates of 10 mL/min, which is suitable for rapidly analyzing larger specimen volumes to detect rare cells at appropriate concentration levels. The new rapid detection capabilities, combined with the simplicity and low cost of this device, suggest a potential for clinical POC flow cytometry in resource-poor settings associated with global health.
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95
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Powless AJ, Conley RJ, Freeman KA, Muldoon TJ. Considerations for point-of-care diagnostics: evaluation of acridine orange staining and postprocessing methods for a three-part leukocyte differential test. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2017; 22:35001. [PMID: 28253379 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.22.3.035001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
There exists a broad range of techniques that can be used to classify and count white blood cells in a point-of-care (POC) three-part leukocyte differential test. Improvements in lenses, light sources, and cameras for image-based POC systems have renewed interest in acridine orange (AO) as a contrast agent, whereby subpopulations of leukocytes can be differentiated by colorimetric analysis of AO fluorescence emission. We evaluated the effect on test accuracy using different AO staining and postprocessing methods in the context of an image-based POC colorimetric cell classification scheme. Thirty blood specimens were measured for percent cell counts using our POC system and a conventional hematology analyzer for comparison. Controlling the AO concentration used during whole-blood staining, the incubation time with AO, and the colorimetric ratios among the three population of leukocytes yielded a percent deviation of 0.706%, ? 1.534 % , and ? 0.645 % for the lymphocytes, monocytes, and granulocytes, respectively. Overall, we demonstrated that a redshift in AO fluorescence was observed at elevated AO concentrations, which lead to reproducible inaccuracy of cell counts. This study demonstrates there is a need for a strict control of the AO staining and postprocessing methods to improve test accuracy in these POC systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy J Powless
- University of Arkansas, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States
| | - Roxanna J Conley
- University of Arkansas, Pat Walker Health Center, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States
| | - Karan A Freeman
- University of Arkansas, Pat Walker Health Center, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States
| | - Timothy J Muldoon
- University of Arkansas, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States
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96
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Abstract
Increasing computing power in smartphones allows for their transformation into point-of-care diagnostic devices. Mobile medical diagnostic applications enable utilization of the processing capabilities of smartphones through their cameras. Hardware attachments or stand-alone versions of smartphone diagnostics have the capability to revolutionize quantitative readouts. Here, we describe a protocol for quantifying commercial colorimetric diagnostic tests with a stand-alone smartphone application. This approach can be used in the multiplexed analyses of biomarker readouts.
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97
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Li Z, Li Z, Zhao D, Wen F, Jiang J, Xu D. Smartphone-based visualized microarray detection for multiplexed harmful substances in milk. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 87:874-880. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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98
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Martynenko IV, Litvin AP, Purcell-Milton F, Baranov AV, Fedorov AV, Gun'ko YK. Application of semiconductor quantum dots in bioimaging and biosensing. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:6701-6727. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb01425b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this review we present new concepts and recent progress in the application of semiconductor quantum dots (QD) as labels in two important areas of biology, bioimaging and biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. V. Martynenko
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing
- 12489 Berlin
- Germany
- ITMO University
- St. Petersburg
| | | | | | | | | | - Y. K. Gun'ko
- ITMO University
- St. Petersburg
- Russia
- School of Chemistry and CRANN
- Trinity College Dublin
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99
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Meng X, Huang H, Yan K, Tian X, Yu W, Cui H, Kong Y, Xue L, Liu C, Wang S. Smartphone based hand-held quantitative phase microscope using the transport of intensity equation method. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 17:104-109. [PMID: 27929181 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc01321j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In order to realize high contrast imaging with portable devices for potential mobile healthcare, we demonstrate a hand-held smartphone based quantitative phase microscope using the transport of intensity equation method. With a cost-effective illumination source and compact microscope system, multi-focal images of samples can be captured by the smartphone's camera via manual focusing. Phase retrieval is performed using a self-developed Android application, which calculates sample phases from multi-plane intensities via solving the Poisson equation. We test the portable microscope using a random phase plate with known phases, and to further demonstrate its performance, a red blood cell smear, a Pap smear and monocot root and broad bean epidermis sections are also successfully imaged. Considering its advantages as an accurate, high-contrast, cost-effective and field-portable device, the smartphone based hand-held quantitative phase microscope is a promising tool which can be adopted in the future in remote healthcare and medical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Meng
- Department of Optoelectronic Information Science and Engineering, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Huachuan Huang
- Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, Sichuan 621900, China and School of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan 621010, China
| | - Keding Yan
- School of Electronic Information Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Xiaolin Tian
- Department of Optoelectronic Information Science and Engineering, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Wei Yu
- Department of Optoelectronic Information Science and Engineering, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Haoyang Cui
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China.
| | - Yan Kong
- Department of Optoelectronic Information Science and Engineering, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Liang Xue
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China.
| | - Cheng Liu
- Department of Optoelectronic Information Science and Engineering, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Shouyu Wang
- Department of Optoelectronic Information Science and Engineering, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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100
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Feng S, Tseng D, Di Carlo D, Garner OB, Ozcan A. High-throughput and automated diagnosis of antimicrobial resistance using a cost-effective cellphone-based micro-plate reader. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39203. [PMID: 27976700 PMCID: PMC5156953 DOI: 10.1038/srep39203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Routine antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) can prevent deaths due to bacteria and reduce the spread of multi-drug-resistance, but cannot be regularly performed in resource-limited-settings due to technological challenges, high-costs, and lack of trained professionals. We demonstrate an automated and cost-effective cellphone-based 96-well microtiter-plate (MTP) reader, capable of performing AST without the need for trained diagnosticians. Our system includes a 3D-printed smartphone attachment that holds and illuminates the MTP using a light-emitting-diode array. An inexpensive optical fiber-array enables the capture of the transmitted light of each well through the smartphone camera. A custom-designed application sends the captured image to a server to automatically determine well-turbidity, with results returned to the smartphone in ~1 minute. We tested this mobile-reader using MTPs prepared with 17 antibiotics targeting Gram-negative bacteria on clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae, containing highly-resistant antimicrobial profiles. Using 78 patient isolate test-plates, we demonstrated that our mobile-reader meets the FDA-defined AST criteria, with a well-turbidity detection accuracy of 98.21%, minimum-inhibitory-concentration accuracy of 95.12%, and a drug-susceptibility interpretation accuracy of 99.23%, with no very major errors. This mobile-reader could eliminate the need for trained diagnosticians to perform AST, reduce the cost-barrier for routine testing, and assist in spatio-temporal tracking of bacterial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Feng
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.,Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Derek Tseng
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.,Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Dino Di Carlo
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.,California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Omai B Garner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Aydogan Ozcan
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.,Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.,California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.,Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095 United States
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