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Röttgermann PJF, Dawson KA, Rädler JO. Time-Resolved Study of Nanoparticle Induced Apoptosis Using Microfabricated Single Cell Arrays. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 5:microarrays5020008. [PMID: 27600074 PMCID: PMC5003484 DOI: 10.3390/microarrays5020008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cell fate decisions like apoptosis are heterogeneously implemented within a cell population and, consequently, the population response is recognized as sum of many individual dynamic events. Here, we report on the use of micro-patterned single-cell arrays for real-time tracking of nanoparticle-induced (NP) cell death in sets of thousands of cells in parallel. Annexin (pSIVA) and propidium iodide (PI), two fluorescent indicators of apoptosis, are simultaneously monitored after exposure to functionalized polystyrene (PS - NH 2) nanobeads as a model system. We find that the distribution of Annexin onset times shifts to later times and broadens as a function of decreasing NP dose. We discuss the mean time-to-death as a function of dose, and show how the EC 50 value depends both on dose and time of measurement. In addition, the correlations between the early and late apoptotic markers indicate a systematic shift from apoptotic towards necrotic cell death during the course of the experiment. Thus, our work demonstrates the potential of array-based single cell cytometry for kinetic analysis of signaling cascades in a high-throughput format.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J F Röttgermann
- Faculty of Physics and Center for NanoSciene (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 Munich, Germany.
| | - Kenneth A Dawson
- Centre for BioNano Interactions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Joachim O Rädler
- Faculty of Physics and Center for NanoSciene (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 Munich, Germany.
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52
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Dhayakaran R, Neethirajan S, Weng X. Investigation of the antimicrobial activity of soy peptides by developing a high throughput drug screening assay. Biochem Biophys Rep 2016; 6:149-157. [PMID: 28955872 PMCID: PMC5600318 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Antimicrobial resistance is a great concern in the medical community, as well as food industry. Soy peptides were tested against bacterial biofilms for their antimicrobial activity. A high throughput drug screening assay was developed using microfluidic technology, RAMAN spectroscopy, and optical microscopy for rapid screening of antimicrobials and rapid identification of pathogens. Methods Synthesized PGTAVFK and IKAFKEATKVDKVVVLWTA soy peptides were tested against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Listeria monocytogenes using a microdilution assay. Microfluidic technology in combination with Surface Enhanced RAMAN Spectroscopy (SERS) and optical microscopy was used for rapid screening of soy peptides, pathogen identification, and to visualize the impact of selected peptides. Results The PGTAVFK peptide did not significantly affect P. aeruginosa, although it had an inhibitory effect on L. monocytogenes above a concentration of 625 µM. IKAFKEATKVDKVVVLWTA was effective against both P. aeruginosa and L. monocytogenes above a concentration of 37.2 µM. High throughput drug screening assays were able to reduce the screening and bacterial detection time to 4 h. SERS spectra was used to distinguish the two bacterial species. Conclusions PGTAVFK and IKAFKEATKVDKVVVLWTA soy peptides showed antimicrobial activity against P. aeruginosa and L. monocytogenes. Development of high throughput assays could streamline the drug screening and bacterial detection process. General significance The results of this study show that the antimicrobial properties, biocompatibility, and biodegradability of soy peptides could possibly make them an alternative to the ineffective antimicrobials and antibiotics currently used in the food and medical fields. High throughput drug screening assays could help hasten pre-clinical trials in the medical field. Soy peptide PGTAVFK above 312.5 µM concentrations inhibits Listeria monocytogenes. IKAFKEATKVDKVVVLWTA restricts motility and aggregation of Listeria monocytogenes. Microfluidic 3D device generate multiplex parallel drug concentration gradients. RAMAN spectroscopy microfluidics provides a high throughput drug-screening assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Dhayakaran
- Bionano Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Suresh Neethirajan
- Bionano Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Xuan Weng
- Bionano Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada N1G 2W1
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53
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Chen F, Lin L, Zhang J, He Z, Uchiyama K, Lin JM. Single-Cell Analysis Using Drop-on-Demand Inkjet Printing and Probe Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2016; 88:4354-60. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fengming Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Luyao Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ziyi He
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Katsumi Uchiyama
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minamiohsawa, Hachioji,
Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Jin-Ming Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in
University of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
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54
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High-throughput screening approaches and combinatorial development of biomaterials using microfluidics. Acta Biomater 2016; 34:1-20. [PMID: 26361719 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
From the first microfluidic devices used for analysis of single metabolic by-products to highly complex multicompartmental co-culture organ-on-chip platforms, efforts of many multidisciplinary teams around the world have been invested in overcoming the limitations of conventional research methods in the biomedical field. Close spatial and temporal control over fluids and physical parameters, integration of sensors for direct read-out as well as the possibility to increase throughput of screening through parallelization, multiplexing and automation are some of the advantages of microfluidic over conventional, 2D tissue culture in vitro systems. Moreover, small volumes and relatively small cell numbers used in experimental set-ups involving microfluidics, can potentially decrease research cost. On the other hand, these small volumes and numbers of cells also mean that many of the conventional molecular biology or biochemistry assays cannot be directly applied to experiments that are performed in microfluidic platforms. Development of different types of assays and evidence that such assays are indeed a suitable alternative to conventional ones is a step that needs to be taken in order to have microfluidics-based platforms fully adopted in biomedical research. In this review, rather than providing a comprehensive overview of the literature on microfluidics, we aim to discuss developments in the field of microfluidics that can aid advancement of biomedical research, with emphasis on the field of biomaterials. Three important topics will be discussed, being: screening, in particular high-throughput and combinatorial screening; mimicking of natural microenvironment ranging from 3D hydrogel-based cellular niches to organ-on-chip devices; and production of biomaterials with closely controlled properties. While important technical aspects of various platforms will be discussed, the focus is mainly on their applications, including the state-of-the-art, future perspectives and challenges. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Microfluidics, being a technology characterized by the engineered manipulation of fluids at the submillimeter scale, offers some interesting tools that can advance biomedical research and development. Screening platforms based on microfluidic technologies that allow high-throughput and combinatorial screening may lead to breakthrough discoveries not only in basic research but also relevant to clinical application. This is further strengthened by the fact that reliability of such screens may improve, since microfluidic systems allow close mimicking of physiological conditions. Finally, microfluidic systems are also very promising as micro factories of a new generation of natural or synthetic biomaterials and constructs, with finely controlled properties.
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55
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Rho HS, Yang Y, Hanke AT, Ottens M, Terstappen LWMM, Gardeniers H. Programmable v-type valve for cell and particle manipulation in microfluidic devices. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:305-311. [PMID: 26648416 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc01206f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A new microfluidic valve or a "v-type valve" which can be flexibly actuated to focus a fluid flow and block a specific area of a microchannel is demonstrated. Valves with different design parameters were fabricated by multilayer soft lithography and characterized at various operating pressures. To evaluate the functionality of the valve, single microparticles (∅ 7 μm and ∅ 15 μm) and single cells were trapped from flowing suspensions. Continuous processes of particle capture and release were achieved by controlling the actuation and deactuation of the valve. Integration of the v-type valve with poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) monolithic valves in microfluidic devices was demonstrated to illustrate the potential of the system in various applications such as the creation of a solid phase column, the isolation of a specific number of particles in reactors, and the capture and release of particles or cells in the flow of two immiscible liquids. We believe that this new valve system will be suitable for manipulating particles and cells in a broad range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoon Suk Rho
- Mesoscale Chemical Systems Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, The Netherlands.
| | - Yoonsun Yang
- Medical Cell BioPhysics Group, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander T Hanke
- BioProcess Engineering group, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Ottens
- BioProcess Engineering group, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands
| | - Leon W M M Terstappen
- Medical Cell BioPhysics Group, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, The Netherlands
| | - Han Gardeniers
- Mesoscale Chemical Systems Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, The Netherlands.
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56
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Abstract
In this chapter the state of the art of live cell microarrays for high-throughput biological assays are reviewed. The fabrication of novel microarrays with respect to material science and cell patterning methods is included. A main focus of the chapter is on various aspects of the application of cell microarrays by providing selected examples in research fields such as biomaterials, stem cell biology and neuroscience. Additionally, the importance of microfluidic technologies for high-throughput on-chip live-cell microarrays is highlighted for single-cell and multi-cell assays as well as for 3D tissue constructs.
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57
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Huang L, Chen Y, Chen Y, Wu H. Centrifugation-Assisted Single-Cell Trapping in a Truncated Cone-Shaped Microwell Array Chip for the Real-Time Observation of Cellular Apoptosis. Anal Chem 2015; 87:12169-76. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Huang
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
- Division of Biomedical
Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yin Chen
- Division of Biomedical
Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yangfan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongkai Wu
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
- Division of Biomedical
Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
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58
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Kim H, Lee S, Lee JH, Kim J. Integration of a microfluidic chip with a size-based cell bandpass filter for reliable isolation of single cells. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:4128-32. [PMID: 26369616 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc00904a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We report a simple, efficient microfluidic array system for reliable isolation of cells. A microfluidic array chip, integrated with a size-based cell bandpass filter, provides the unprecedented capability of organizing single cells from a population containing a wide distribution of sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hojin Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea.
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59
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Yeo KB, Kim HB, Choi YS, Pack SP. Highly effective detection of inflamed cells using a modified bradykinin ligand labeled with FITC fluorescence. Enzyme Microb Technol 2015; 82:191-196. [PMID: 26672467 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Detection of inflammation in live cells is important because long-lasting inflammation is considered to be a primary cause of several diseases. However, few reports have been published on imaging analysis of inflammation in live cells. In this study, we developed an effective imaging system for detection of inflamed cells using a bradykinin ligand (BK) or a modified BK (mBK), which has specific affinity with the cellular B1R receptor. Synthetic BK or mBK labeled with FITC at the N-terminus was employed for discriminating between inflamed and normal cells; this method was found to be effective for detection of inflammation in live cells. In addition, using the mBK-based cell imaging system, we successfully performed flow-based analysis of live cell inflammation on a micro-chip channel, composed of a Starna flow cell and PDMS (Polydimethylsiloxane) walls. The BK-based cell imaging methods designed here would be a useful platform for development of a high-throughput live cell analysis system for investigating the factors underlying inflammation or for screening of anti-inflammation candidate drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Baek Yeo
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong-Ro 2511, Sejong 339-700, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyong Bai Kim
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong-Ro 2511, Sejong 339-700, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Seong Choi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung Pil Pack
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong-Ro 2511, Sejong 339-700, Republic of Korea.
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60
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Recent advances and future applications of microfluidic live-cell microarrays. Biotechnol Adv 2015; 33:948-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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61
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Liu W, Xu J, Li T, Zhao L, Ma C, Shen S, Wang J. Monitoring tumor response to anticancer drugs using stable three-dimensional culture in a recyclable microfluidic platform. Anal Chem 2015; 87:9752-60. [PMID: 26337449 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b01915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The development and application of miniaturized platforms with the capability for microscale and dynamic control of biomimetic and high-throughput three-dimensional (3D) culture plays a crucial role in biological research. In this study, pneumatic microstructure-based microfluidics was used to systematically demonstrate 3D tumor culture under various culture conditions. We also demonstrated the reusability of the fabrication-optimized pneumatic device for high-throughput cell manipulation and 3D tumor culture. This microfluidic system provides remarkably long-term (over 1 month) and cyclic stability. Furthermore, temporal and high-throughput monitoring of tumor response to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of different chemotherapies, was achieved based on the robust culture. This advancement in microfluidics has potential applications in the fields of tissue engineering, tumor biology, and clinical medicine; it also provides new insight into the construction of high-performance and recyclable microplatforms for cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenming Liu
- College of Science and ‡College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Juan Xu
- College of Science and ‡College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Tianbao Li
- College of Science and ‡College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- College of Science and ‡College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Chao Ma
- College of Science and ‡College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Shaofei Shen
- College of Science and ‡College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jinyi Wang
- College of Science and ‡College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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62
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Kadu R, Roy H, Singh VK. Diphenyltin(IV) dithiocarbamate macrocyclic scaffolds as potent apoptosis inducers for human cancer HEP 3B and IMR 32 cells: synthesis, spectral characterization, density functional theory study andin vitrocytotoxicity. Appl Organomet Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.3362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kadu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; MS University of Baroda; Vadodara 390 002 India
| | - Hetal Roy
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science; MS University of Baroda; Vadodara 390 002 India
| | - Vinay K. Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; MS University of Baroda; Vadodara 390 002 India
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63
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64
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Soffe R, Baratchi S, Tang SY, Nasabi M, McIntyre P, Mitchell A, Khoshmanesh K. Analysing calcium signalling of cells under high shear flows using discontinuous dielectrophoresis. Sci Rep 2015. [PMID: 26202725 PMCID: PMC4648442 DOI: 10.1038/srep11973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Immobilisation of cells is an important feature of many cellular assays, as it enables the physical/chemical stimulation of cells; whilst, monitoring cellular processes using microscopic techniques. Current approaches for immobilising cells, however, are hampered by time-consuming processes, the need for specific antibodies or coatings, and adverse effects on cell integrity. Here, we present a dielectrophoresis-based approach for the robust immobilisation of cells, and analysis of their responses under high shear flows. This approach is quick and label-free, and more importantly, minimises the adverse effects of electric field on the cell integrity, by activating the field for a short duration of 120 s, just long enough to immobilise the cells, after which cell culture media (such as HEPES) is flushed through the platform. In optimal conditions, at least 90% of the cells remained stably immobilised, when exposed to a shear stress of 63 dyn/cm2. This approach was used to examine the shear-induced calcium signalling of HEK-293 cells expressing a mechanosensitive ion channel, transient receptor potential vaniloid type 4 (TRPV4), when exposed to the full physiological range of shear stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Soffe
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sara Baratchi
- Health Innovations Research Institute and School of Medical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Shi-Yang Tang
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mahyar Nasabi
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peter McIntyre
- Health Innovations Research Institute and School of Medical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Arnan Mitchell
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Khashayar Khoshmanesh
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
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65
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Lin CH, Hsiao YH, Chang HC, Yeh CF, He CK, Salm EM, Chen C, Chiu IM, Hsu CH. A microfluidic dual-well device for high-throughput single-cell capture and culture. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:2928-38. [PMID: 26060987 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc00541h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In vitro culture of single cells facilitates biological studies by deconvoluting complications from cell population heterogeneity. However, there is still a lack of simple yet high-throughput methods to perform single cell culture experiments. In this paper, we report the development and application of a microfluidic device with a dual-well (DW) design concept for high-yield single-cell loading (~77%) in large microwells (285 and 485 μm in diameter) which allowed for cell spreading, proliferation and differentiation. The increased single-cell loading yield is achieved by using sets of small microwells termed "capture-wells" and big microwells termed "culture-wells" according to their utilities for single-cell capture and culture, respectively. This novel device architecture allows the size of the "culture" microwells to be flexibly adjusted without affecting the single-cell loading efficiency making it useful for cell culture applications as demonstrated by our experiments of KT98 mouse neural stem cell differentiation, A549 and MDA-MB-435 cancer cell proliferation, and single-cell colony formation assay with A549 cells in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Hui Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan.
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66
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Fabrication of a cell-adhesive microwell array for 3-dimensional in vitro cell model. Biomed Eng Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13534-015-0183-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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67
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Cao JT, Zhang PH, Liu YM, Abdel-Halim ES, Zhu JJ. Versatile Microfluidic Platform for the Assessment of Sialic Acid Expression on Cancer Cells Using Quantum Dots with Phenylboronic Acid Tags. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:14878-14884. [PMID: 26086216 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b03519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This work describes a versatile microfluidic platform for evaluation of cell-surface glycan expression at the single-cell level using quantum dots (QDs) tagged with phenylboronic acid. The platform was integrated with dual microwell arrays, allowing the introduction of cells in two states using the same cell culture chamber. The simultaneous analysis of cells in the same environment minimized errors resulting from different culture conditions. As proof-of-concept, the expressions of sialic acid (SA) groups on K562 cells, with or without 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT) treatment, were evaluated in the same chamber. 3-Aminophenylboronic acid functionalized CdSeTe@ZnS-SiO2 QDs (APBA-QDs) were prepared as probes to recognize SA groups on K562 cells with only one-step labeling. The results showed that the expression of SA moieties on K562 cells was increased by 18% and 31% after treatment with 20 and 40 μM AZT, respectively. Performing the drug treatment and control experiments simultaneously in the same chamber significantly improved the robustness and effectiveness of the assay. The strategy presented here provides an alternative tool for glycan analysis in a sensitive, high-throughput, and effective manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Tao Cao
- †College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, People's Republic of China
- ‡State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng-Hui Zhang
- ‡State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Ming Liu
- †College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, People's Republic of China
| | - E S Abdel-Halim
- §Petrochemical Research Chair, Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jun-Jie Zhu
- ‡State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
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68
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Xie W, Gao D, Jin F, Jiang Y, Liu H. Study of Phospholipids in Single Cells Using an Integrated Microfluidic Device Combined with Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2015; 87:7052-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Xie
- Department
of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State
Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology,
Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Dan Gao
- State
Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology,
Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Key Laboratory of Metabolomics at Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Feng Jin
- Neptunus Pharmaceutical Technology Center, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Yuyang Jiang
- State
Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology,
Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School
of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hongxia Liu
- State
Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology,
Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Key Laboratory of Metabolomics at Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China
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69
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Kang M, Park W, Na S, Paik SM, Lee H, Park JW, Kim HY, Jeon NL. Capillarity Guided Patterning of Microliquids. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:2789-97. [PMID: 25678019 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201403596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Soft lithography and other techniques have been developed to investigate biological and chemical phenomena as an alternative to photolithography-based patterning methods that have compatibility problems. Here, a simple approach for nonlithographic patterning of liquids and gels inside microchannels is described. Using a design that incorporates strategically placed microstructures inside the channel, microliquids or gels can be spontaneously trapped and patterned when the channel is drained. The ability to form microscale patterns inside microfluidic channels using simple fluid drain motion offers many advantages. This method is geometrically analyzed based on hydrodynamics and verified with simulation and experiments. Various materials (i.e., water, hydrogels, and other liquids) are successfully patterned with complex shapes that are isolated from each other. Multiple cell types are patterned within the gels. Capillarity guided patterning (CGP) is fast, simple, and robust. It is not limited by pattern shape, size, cell type, and material. In a simple three-step process, a 3D cancer model that mimics cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions is engineered. The simplicity and robustness of the CGP will be attractive for developing novel in vitro models of organ-on-a-chip and other biological experimental platforms amenable to long-term observation of dynamic events using advanced imaging and analytical techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeongwoo Kang
- Division of WCU (World Class University) Multiscale Mechanical Design, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woohyun Park
- Division of WCU (World Class University) Multiscale Mechanical Design, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sangcheol Na
- Division of WCU (World Class University) Multiscale Mechanical Design, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Min Paik
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunjae Lee
- Division of WCU (World Class University) Multiscale Mechanical Design, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Woo Park
- Division of WCU (World Class University) Multiscale Mechanical Design, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho-Young Kim
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Noo Li Jeon
- Division of WCU (World Class University) Multiscale Mechanical Design, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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70
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Kumar PT, Vriens K, Cornaglia M, Gijs M, Kokalj T, Thevissen K, Geeraerd A, Cammue BPA, Puers R, Lammertyn J. Digital microfluidics for time-resolved cytotoxicity studies on single non-adherent yeast cells. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:1852-1860. [PMID: 25710603 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc01469c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Single cell analysis (SCA) has gained increased popularity for elucidating cellular heterogeneity at genomic, proteomic and cellular levels. Flow cytometry is considered as one of the most widely used techniques to characterize single cell responses; however, its inability to analyse cells with spatio-temporal resolution poses a major drawback. Here, we introduce a digital microfluidic (DMF) platform as a useful tool for conducting studies on isolated yeast cells in a high-throughput fashion. The reported system exhibits (i) a microwell array for trapping single non-adherent cells by shuttling a cell-containing droplet over the array, and allows (ii) implementation of high-throughput cytotoxicity assays with enhanced spatio-temporal resolution. The system was tested for five different concentrations of the antifungal drug Amphotericin B, and the cell responses were monitored over time by time lapse fluorescence microscopy. The DMF platform was validated by bulk experiments, which mimicked the DMF experimental design. A correlation analysis revealed that the results obtained on the DMF platform are not significantly different from those obtained in bulk; hence, the DMF platform can be used as a tool to perform SCA on non-adherent cells, with spatio-temporal resolution. In addition, no external forces, other than the physical forces generated by moving the droplet, were used to capture single cells, thereby avoiding cell damage. As such, the information on cellular behaviour during treatment could be obtained for every single cell over time making this platform noteworthy in the field of SCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- P T Kumar
- BIOSYST-MEBIOS, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, Heverlee, Belgium.
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71
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Guan A, Shenoy A, Smith R, Li Z. Streamline based design guideline for deterministic microfluidic hydrodynamic single cell traps. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2015; 9:024103. [PMID: 25825618 PMCID: PMC4352164 DOI: 10.1063/1.4914469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A prerequisite for single cell study is the capture and isolation of individual cells. In microfluidic devices, cell capture is often achieved by means of trapping. While many microfluidic trapping techniques exist, hydrodynamic methods are particularly attractive due to their simplicity and scalability. However, current design guidelines for single cell hydrodynamic traps predominantly rely on flow resistance manipulation or qualitative streamline analysis without considering the target particle size. This lack of quantitative design criteria from first principles often leads to non-optimal probabilistic trapping. In this work, we describe an analytical design guideline for deterministic single cell hydrodynamic trapping through the optimization of streamline distributions under laminar flow with cell size as a key parameter. Using this guideline, we demonstrate an example design which can achieve 100% capture efficiency for a given particle size. Finite element modelling was used to determine the design parameters necessary for optimal trapping. The simulation results were subsequently confirmed with on-chip microbead and white blood cell trapping experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan Guan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University , Washington, District of Columbia 20052, USA
| | - Aditi Shenoy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University , Washington, District of Columbia 20052, USA
| | - Richard Smith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University , Washington, District of Columbia 20052, USA
| | - Zhenyu Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University , Washington, District of Columbia 20052, USA
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72
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Chanasakulniyom M, Glidle A, Cooper JM. Cell proliferation and migration inside single cell arrays. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:208-15. [PMID: 25340681 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00774c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell proliferation and migration are fundamental processes in determining cell and tissue behaviour. In this study we show the design and fabrication of a new single cell microfluidic structure, called a "vertically integrated array" or "VIA" trap to explore quantitative functional assays including single cell attachment, proliferation and migration studies. The chip can be used in a continuous (flow-through) manner, with a continuous supply of new media, as well as in a quiescent mode. We show the fabrication of the device, together with the flow characteristics inside the network of channels and the single cell traps. The flow patterns inside the device not only facilitate cell trapping, but also protect the cells from mechanical flow-induced stress. MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells were used to study attachment and detachment during the cell cycle as well as explore the influences of the chemokine SDF-1 (enabling the quantification of the role of chemokine gradients both on pseudopod formation and directional cell migration).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuree Chanasakulniyom
- The Division of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Glasgow, G12 8LT Glasgow, UK.
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73
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Angione SL, Oulhen N, Brayboy LM, Tripathi A, Wessel GM. Simple perfusion apparatus for manipulation, tracking, and study of oocytes and embryos. Fertil Steril 2014; 103:281-90.e5. [PMID: 25450296 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop and implement a device and protocol for oocyte analysis at a single cell level. The device must be capable of high resolution imaging, temperature control, perfusion of media, drugs, sperm, and immunolabeling reagents all at defined flow rates. Each oocyte and resultant embryo must remain spatially separated and defined. DESIGN Experimental laboratory study. SETTING University and academic center for reproductive medicine. PATIENT(S)/ANIMAL(S) Women with eggs retrieved for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles, adult female FVBN and B6C3F1 mouse strains, sea stars. INTERVENTION(S) Real-time, longitudinal imaging of oocytes after fluorescent labeling, insemination, and viability tests. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Cell and embryo viability, immunolabeling efficiency, live cell endocytosis quantification, precise metrics of fertilization, and embryonic development. RESULT(S) Single oocytes were longitudinally imaged after significant changes in media, markers, endocytosis quantification, and development, all with supreme control by microfluidics. Cells remained viable, enclosed, and separate for precision measurements, repeatability, and imaging. CONCLUSION(S) We engineered a simple device to load, visualize, experiment, and effectively record individual oocytes and embryos without loss of cells. Prolonged incubation capabilities provide longitudinal studies without need for transfer and potential loss of cells. This simple perfusion apparatus provides for careful, precise, and flexible handling of precious samples facilitating clinical IVF approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Angione
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Nathalie Oulhen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Lynae M Brayboy
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women & Infants Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island; The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Anubhav Tripathi
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Gary M Wessel
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
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74
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Cancer-driven dynamics of immune cells in a microfluidic environment. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6639. [PMID: 25322144 PMCID: PMC5377582 DOI: 10.1038/srep06639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Scope of the present work is to infer the migratory ability of leukocytes by stochastic processes in order to distinguish the spontaneous organization of immune cells against an insult (namely cancer). For this purpose, spleen cells from immunodeficient mice, selectively lacking the transcription factor IRF-8 (IRF-8 knockout; IRF-8 KO), or from immunocompetent animals (wild-type; WT), were allowed to interact, alternatively, with murine B16.F10 melanoma cells in an ad hoc microfluidic environment developed on a LabOnChip technology. In this setting, only WT spleen cells were able to establish physical interactions with melanoma cells. Conversely, IRF-8 KO immune cells exhibited poor dynamical reactivity towards the neoplastic cells. In the present study, we collected data on the motility of these two types of spleen cells and built a complete set of observables that recapitulate the biological complexity of the system in these experiments. With remarkable accuracy, we concluded that the IRF-8 KO cells performed pure uncorrelated random walks, while WT splenocytes were able to make singular drifted random walks that collapsed on a straight ballistic motion for the system as a whole, hence giving rise to a highly coordinate response. These results may provide a useful system to quantitatively analyse the real time cell-cell interactions and to foresee the behavior of immune cells with tumor cells at the tissue level.
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75
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Zhu J, Shang J, Olsen T, Liu K, Brenner D, Lin Q. A Mechanically Tunable Microfluidic Cell-Trapping Device. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. A, PHYSICAL 2014; 215:197-203. [PMID: 25821347 PMCID: PMC4371545 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2013.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Controlled manipulation, such as isolation, positioning and trapping of cells, is important in basic biological research and clinical diagnostics. Micro/nanotechnologies have been enabling more effective and efficient cell trapping than possible with conventional platforms. Currently available micro/nanoscale methods for cell trapping, however, still lack flexibility in precisely controlling the number of trapped cells. We exploited the large compliance of elastomers to create an array of cell-trapping microstructures, whose dimensions can be mechanically modulated by inducing uniformly distributed strain via application of external force on the chip. The device consists of two elastomer polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) sheets, one of which bears dam-like, cup-shaped geometries to physically capture cells. The mechanical modulation is used to tune the characteristics of cell trapping to capture a predetermined number of cells, from single cells to multiple cells. Thus, enhanced utility and flexibility for practical applications can be attained, as demonstrated by tunable trapping of MCF-7 cells, a human breast cancer cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Junyi Shang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Timothy Olsen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA ; School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - David Brenner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA ; Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Qiao Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA ; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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76
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Kim J, Erath J, Rodriguez A, Yang C. A high-efficiency microfluidic device for size-selective trapping and sorting. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:2480-90. [PMID: 24850190 PMCID: PMC4073585 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00219a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We report the development of a simple poly(dimethylsiloxane) microfluidic device for high-efficiency trapping and sorting of micron-size particles. In this device, hydrodynamic fluid flow through the sieve-like microfluidic channel sequentially fills the trap positions with particles of the trap size, and particles smaller than the trap size pass through the sieve and are trapped by smaller traps downstream. By incorporating side channels alongside the main channel, we were able to decouple the fluidic flow in one stage from the flows in the other stages. This decoupling allows us to modularize each stage of the device regardless of the size of the entire device. In our demonstration experiment with the prototype, we showed that more than 85% of the polystyrene microspheres (of sizes 15 μm, 6 μm and 4 μm) were sorted in the correct segment of the device that targets their respective sizes. Moreover, this high-efficiency device was able to trap all microspheres which were introduced into the device. Finally, we tested the device's ability to trap and sort three different species of waterborne parasites (Entamoeba, Giardia, and Cryptosporidium) and obtained excellent sorting performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinho Kim
- Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
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77
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Khanal G, Hiemstra S, Pappas D. Probing hypoxia-induced staurosporine resistance in prostate cancer cells with a microfluidic culture system. Analyst 2014; 139:3274-80. [PMID: 24479128 PMCID: PMC4043951 DOI: 10.1039/c3an02324a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A microfluidic system for cell culture and drug response studies was developed to elucidate the effects of hypoxia on drug susceptibility. Drug response studies were performed in prostate cancer cells and Ramos B cells under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. A vacuum actuated microfluidic culture device was used for cell culture and PC3 cells were cultured in the chip up to 16 hours. Cells were treated with several concentrations of staurosporine and apoptosis was assayed using the fluorescent probes MitoTracker Deep Red and Annexin-V. For hypoxic samples, the chip was placed in a hypoxia chamber and pre-conditioned at <1% oxygen before inducing the cells with staurosporine. Cells exposed to 2 μM staurosporine were 32% ± 10% apoptotic under normoxic conditions but only 1.5% ± 12% apoptotic under hypoxic conditions. As little as 1 hour of hypoxic preconditioning increased drug resistance. Cell apoptosis correlated with drug dose, although in each case hypoxia reduced the apoptotic fraction significantly. Given the rapid nature of cell adaptation to hypoxia, this chip and analysis approach can be used to identify compounds that can induce cell death in hypoxic tumor cells rapidly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grishma Khanal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-1061, USA.
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78
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Paterson DJ, Reboud J, Wilson R, Tassieri M, Cooper JM. Integrating microfluidic generation, handling and analysis of biomimetic giant unilamellar vesicles. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:1806-10. [PMID: 24789498 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00199k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The key roles played by phospholipids in many cellular processes, has led to the development of model systems, to explore both lipid-lipid and lipid-peptide interactions. Biomimetic giant unilamellar vesicles represent close facsimiles of in vivo cellular membranes, although currently their widespread use in research is hindered by difficulties involving their integration into high-throughput techniques, for exploring membrane biology intensively in situ. This paper presents an integrated microfluidic device for the production, manipulation and high-throughput analysis of giant unilamellar vesicles. Its utility is demonstrated by exploring the lipid interaction dynamics of the pore-forming antimicrobial peptide melittin, assessed through the release of fluorescent dyes from within biomimetic vesicles, with membrane compositions similar to mammalian plasma membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Paterson
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Rankine Building, 78 Oakfield Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8LT, UK.
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79
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Byrd TF, Hoang LT, Kim EG, Pfister ME, Werner EM, Arndt SE, Chamberlain JW, Hughey JJ, Nguyen BA, Schneibel EJ, Wertz LL, Whitfield JS, Wikswo JP, Seale KT. The microfluidic multitrap nanophysiometer for hematologic cancer cell characterization reveals temporal sensitivity of the calcein-AM efflux assay. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5117. [PMID: 24873950 PMCID: PMC4038811 DOI: 10.1038/srep05117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytometric studies utilizing flow cytometry or multi-well culture plate fluorometry are often limited by a deficit in temporal resolution and a lack of single cell consideration. Unfortunately, many cellular processes, including signaling, motility, and molecular transport, occur transiently over relatively short periods of time and at different magnitudes between cells. Here we demonstrate the multitrap nanophysiometer (MTNP), a low-volume microfluidic platform housing an array of cell traps, as an effective tool that can be used to study individual unattached cells over time with precise control over the intercellular microenvironment. We show how the MTNP platform can be used for hematologic cancer cell characterization by measuring single T cell levels of CRAC channel modulation, non-translational motility, and ABC-transporter inhibition via a calcein-AM efflux assay. The transporter data indicate that Jurkat T cells exposed to indomethacin continue to accumulate fluorescent calcein for over 60 minutes after calcein-AM is removed from the extracellular space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas F Byrd
- 1] Searle Systems Biology and Bioengineering Undergraduate Research Experience, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA [2] University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Loi T Hoang
- Searle Systems Biology and Bioengineering Undergraduate Research Experience, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Eric G Kim
- Searle Systems Biology and Bioengineering Undergraduate Research Experience, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Matthew E Pfister
- Searle Systems Biology and Bioengineering Undergraduate Research Experience, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Erik M Werner
- Searle Systems Biology and Bioengineering Undergraduate Research Experience, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Stephen E Arndt
- Searle Systems Biology and Bioengineering Undergraduate Research Experience, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Chamberlain
- Searle Systems Biology and Bioengineering Undergraduate Research Experience, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Jacob J Hughey
- Searle Systems Biology and Bioengineering Undergraduate Research Experience, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Bao A Nguyen
- Searle Systems Biology and Bioengineering Undergraduate Research Experience, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Erik J Schneibel
- Searle Systems Biology and Bioengineering Undergraduate Research Experience, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Laura L Wertz
- Searle Systems Biology and Bioengineering Undergraduate Research Experience, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Jonathan S Whitfield
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - John P Wikswo
- 1] Searle Systems Biology and Bioengineering Undergraduate Research Experience, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA [2] Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA [3] Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA [4] Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA [5] Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Kevin T Seale
- 1] Searle Systems Biology and Bioengineering Undergraduate Research Experience, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA [2] Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA [3] Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
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80
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Abstract
More than two decades ago, microfluidics began to show its impact in biological research. Since then, the field of microfluidics has evolving rapidly. Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Microfluidics holds great promise in cancer diagnosis and also serves as an emerging tool for understanding cancer biology. Microfluidics can be valuable for cancer investigation due to its high sensitivity, high throughput, less material-consumption, low cost, and enhanced spatio-temporal control. The physical laws on microscale offer an advantage enabling the control of physics, biology, chemistry and physiology at cellular level. Furthermore, microfluidic based platforms are portable and can be easily designed for point-of-care diagnostics. Developing and applying the state of the art microfluidic technologies to address the unmet challenges in cancer can expand the horizons of not only fundamental biology but also the management of disease and patient care. Despite the various microfluidic technologies available in the field, few have been tested clinically, which can be attributed to the various challenges existing in bridging the gap between the emerging technology and real world applications. We present a review of role of microfluidics in cancer research, including the history, recent advances and future directions to explore where the field stand currently in addressing complex clinical challenges and future of it. This review identifies four critical areas in cancer research, in which microfluidics can change the current paradigm. These include cancer cell isolation, molecular diagnostics, tumor biology and high-throughput screening for therapeutics. In addition, some of our lab's current research is presented in the corresponding sections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2300 Hayward Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Sunitha Nagrath
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2300 Hayward Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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81
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Tu TY, Wang Z, Bai J, Sun W, Peng WK, Huang RYJ, Thiery JP, Kamm RD. Rapid prototyping of concave microwells for the formation of 3D multicellular cancer aggregates for drug screening. Adv Healthc Mater 2014; 3:609-16. [PMID: 23983140 PMCID: PMC4038742 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201300151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Microwell technology has revolutionized many aspects of in vitro cellular studies from 2D traditional cultures to 3D in vivo-like functional assays. However, existing lithography-based approaches are often costly and time-consuming. This study presents a rapid, low-cost prototyping method of CO2 laser ablation of a conventional untreated culture dish to create concave microwells used for generating multicellular aggregates, which can be readily available for general laboratories. Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), and polystyrene (PS) microwells are investigated, and each produces distinctive microwell features. Among these three materials, PS cell culture dishes produce the optimal surface smoothness and roundness. A549 lung cancer cells are grown to form cancer aggregates of controllable size from ≈40 to ≈80 μm in PS microwells. Functional assays of spheroids are performed to study migration on 2D substrates and in 3D hydrogel conditions as a step towards recapitulating the dissemination of cancer cells. Preclinical anti-cancer drug screening is investigated and reveals considerable differences between 2D and 3D conditions, indicating the importance of assay type as well as the utility of the present approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Yuan Tu
- BioSystems and Micromechanics IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Center 1 CREATE Way, #04-13/14 Enterprise Wing, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Zhe Wang
- BioSystems and Micromechanics IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Center 1 CREATE Way, #04-13/14 Enterprise Wing, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Jing Bai
- BioSystems and Micromechanics IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Center 1 CREATE Way, #04-13/14 Enterprise Wing, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Wei Sun
- BioSystems and Micromechanics IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Center 1 CREATE Way, #04-13/14 Enterprise Wing, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Weng Kung Peng
- BioSystems and Micromechanics IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Center 1 CREATE Way, #04-13/14 Enterprise Wing, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Ruby Yun-Ju Huang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore MD6, Medical Drive, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Jean-Paul Thiery
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology (IMCB), A-STAR Departement of Biochemistry School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Proteos, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Roger D. Kamm
- BioSystems and Micromechanics IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Center 1 CREATE Way, #04-13/14 Enterprise Wing, Singapore 138602, Singapore
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82
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Håkanson M, Cukierman E, Charnley M. Miniaturized pre-clinical cancer models as research and diagnostic tools. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 69-70:52-66. [PMID: 24295904 PMCID: PMC4019677 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most common causes of death worldwide. Consequently, important resources are directed towards bettering treatments and outcomes. Cancer is difficult to treat due to its heterogeneity, plasticity and frequent drug resistance. New treatment strategies should strive for personalized approaches. These should target neoplastic and/or activated microenvironmental heterogeneity and plasticity without triggering resistance and spare host cells. In this review, the putative use of increasingly physiologically relevant microfabricated cell-culturing systems intended for drug development is discussed. There are two main reasons for the use of miniaturized systems. First, scaling down model size allows for high control of microenvironmental cues enabling more predictive outcomes. Second, miniaturization reduces reagent consumption, thus facilitating combinatorial approaches with little effort and enables the application of scarce materials, such as patient-derived samples. This review aims to give an overview of the state-of-the-art of such systems while predicting their application in cancer drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Håkanson
- CSEM SA, Section for Micro-Diagnostics, 7302 Landquart, Switzerland
| | - Edna Cukierman
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA.
| | - Mirren Charnley
- Centre for Micro-Photonics and Industrial Research Institute Swinburne, Swinburne University of Technology, Victoria 3122, Australia.
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83
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Li B, Qiu Y, Glidle A, McIlvenna D, Luo Q, Cooper J, Shi HC, Yin H. Gradient microfluidics enables rapid bacterial growth inhibition testing. Anal Chem 2014; 86:3131-7. [PMID: 24548044 PMCID: PMC3988682 DOI: 10.1021/ac5001306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial growth inhibition tests have become a standard measure of the adverse effects of inhibitors for a wide range of applications, such as toxicity testing in the medical and environmental sciences. However, conventional well-plate formats for these tests are laborious and provide limited information (often being restricted to an end-point assay). In this study, we have developed a microfluidic system that enables fast quantification of the effect of an inhibitor on bacteria growth and survival, within a single experiment. This format offers a unique combination of advantages, including long-term continuous flow culture, generation of concentration gradients, and single cell morphology tracking. Using Escherichia coli and the inhibitor amoxicillin as one model system, we show excellent agreement between an on-chip single cell-based assay and conventional methods to obtain quantitative measures of antibiotic inhibition (for example, minimum inhibition concentration). Furthermore, we show that our methods can provide additional information, over and above that of the standard well-plate assay, including kinetic information on growth inhibition and measurements of bacterial morphological dynamics over a wide range of inhibitor concentrations. Finally, using a second model system, we show that this chip-based systems does not require the bacteria to be labeled and is well suited for the study of naturally occurring species. We illustrate this using Nitrosomonas europaea, an environmentally important bacteria, and show that the chip system can lead to a significant reduction in the period required for growth and inhibition measurements (<4 days, compared to weeks in a culture flask).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Li
- Environmental
Simulation and Pollution Control State-Key Joint Laboratory, School
of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yong Qiu
- Environmental
Simulation and Pollution Control State-Key Joint Laboratory, School
of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Andrew Glidle
- Division
of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8LT, U.K.
| | - David McIlvenna
- Division
of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8LT, U.K.
| | - Qian Luo
- State
Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center
for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jon Cooper
- Division
of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8LT, U.K.
| | - Han-Chang Shi
- Environmental
Simulation and Pollution Control State-Key Joint Laboratory, School
of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Huabing Yin
- Division
of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8LT, U.K.
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84
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Wlodkowic D, Cooper JM. Microfluidic cell arrays in tumor analysis: new prospects for integrated cytomics. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2014; 10:521-30. [DOI: 10.1586/erm.10.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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85
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Silva PN, Green BJ, Altamentova SM, Rocheleau JV. A microfluidic device designed to induce media flow throughout pancreatic islets while limiting shear-induced damage. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:4374-4384. [PMID: 24056576 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc50680k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic islets are heavily vascularized in vivo with fenestrated endothelial cells (ECs) to facilitate blood glucose-sensing and endocrine hormone secretion. The close proximity of insulin secreting beta cells and ECs also plays a critical role in modulating the proliferation and survival of both cell types with the mechanisms governing this interaction poorly understood. Isolated islets lose EC morphology and mass over a period of days in culture prohibiting study of this interaction in vitro. The loss of ECs also limits the efficacy of islet transplant revascularization in the treatment of Type 1 diabetes. We previously showed that microfluidically driven flow positively affects beta-cell function and EC survival in culture due to enhanced transport of media into the tissue. However, holding islets stationary in media flow using a dam-wall design also resulted in reduced glucose-stimulated metabolic and Ca(2+) responses at the periphery of the tissue consistent with shear-induced damage. We have now created a device that traps islets into sequential cup-shaped nozzles. This hydrodynamic trap design limits flow velocity around the perimeter of the islet while enhancing media flow through the tissue. We demonstrate the feasibility of this device to dynamically treat and collect effluent from islets. We further show that treating islets in this device enhances EC morphology without reducing glucose-stimulate Ca(2+) responses. These data reveal a microfluidic device to study EC and endocrine cell interaction that can be further leveraged to prime islets prior to transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamuditha N Silva
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada.
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86
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Nourmohammadzadeh M, Lo JF, Bochenek M, Mendoza-Elias JE, Wang Q, Li Z, Zeng L, Qi M, Eddington DT, Oberholzer J, Wang Y. Microfluidic array with integrated oxygenation control for real-time live-cell imaging: effect of hypoxia on physiology of microencapsulated pancreatic islets. Anal Chem 2013; 85:11240-9. [PMID: 24083835 DOI: 10.1021/ac401297v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we present a novel microfluidic islet array based on a hydrodynamic trapping principle. The lab-on-a-chip studies with live-cell multiparametric imaging allow understanding of physiological and pathophysiological changes of microencapsulated islets under hypoxic conditions. Using this microfluidic array and imaging analysis techniques, we demonstrate that hypoxia impairs the function of microencapsulated islets at the single islet level, showing a heterogeneous pattern reflected in intracellular calcium signaling, mitochondrial energetic, and redox activity. Our approach demonstrates an improvement over conventional hypoxia chambers that is able to rapidly equilibrate to true hypoxia levels through the integration of dynamic oxygenation. This work demonstrates the feasibility of array-based cellular analysis and opens up new modality to conduct informative analysis and cell-based screening for microencapsulated pancreatic islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Nourmohammadzadeh
- Department of Surgery/Transplant, University of Illinois at Chicago , 840 South Wood Street, Room 502, Chicago, Illinois 60612
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87
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Zheng XT, Yu L, Li P, Dong H, Wang Y, Liu Y, Li CM. On-chip investigation of cell-drug interactions. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:1556-74. [PMID: 23428898 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Investigation of cell-drug interaction is of great importance in drug discovery but continues to pose significant challenges to develop robust, fast and high-throughput methods for pharmacologically profiling of potential drugs. Recently, cell chips have emerged as a promising technology for drug discovery/delivery, and their miniaturization and flow-through operation significantly reduce sample consumption while dramatically improving the throughput, reliability, resolution and sensitivity. Herein we review various types of miniaturized cell chips used in investigation of cell-drug interactions. The design and fabrication of cell chips including material selection, surface modification, cell trapping/patterning, concentration gradient generation and mimicking of in vivo environment are presented. Recent advances of on-chip investigations of cell-drug interactions, in particular the high-throughput screening, cell sorting, cytotoxicity testing, drug resistance analysis and pharmacological profiling are examined and discussed. It is expected that this survey can provide thoughtful basics and important applications of on-chip investigations of cell-drug interactions, thus greatly promoting research and development interests in this area.
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88
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regmi R, Mohan K, Mondal PP. Light sheet based imaging flow cytometry on a microfluidic platform. Microsc Res Tech 2013; 76:1101-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 09/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Raju regmi
- Nanobioimaging Laboratory, Department of Instrumentation and Applied Physics; Indian Institute of Science; Bangalore; 560012; India
| | - Kavya Mohan
- Nanobioimaging Laboratory, Department of Instrumentation and Applied Physics; Indian Institute of Science; Bangalore; 560012; India
| | - Partha P. Mondal
- Nanobioimaging Laboratory, Department of Instrumentation and Applied Physics; Indian Institute of Science; Bangalore; 560012; India
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89
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Chen X, Shojaei-Zadeh S, Gilchrist ML, Maldarelli C. A lipobead microarray assembled by particle entrapment in a microfluidic obstacle course and used for the display of cell membrane receptors. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:3041-3060. [PMID: 23748734 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc50083g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Platforms which can display cell membrane ligands and receptors as a microarray library of probes for screening against a target are essential tools in drug discovery, biomarker identification, and pathogen detection. Membrane receptors and ligands require their native bilayer environment to retain their selectivity and binding affinity, and this complicates displaying them in a microarray platform. In this study, a design is developed in which the probes are first incorporated in supported lipid bilayers formed around micron-sized particles (lipobeads), and the microbeads themselves are then arrayed on a surface by hydrodynamic capture in a microfluidic obstacle course of traps. The traps are "V" shaped open enclosures, which are arranged in a wide channel of a microfluidic device, and capture the lipobeads (slightly smaller than the channel height) as they are streamed through the course. Screening assays are undertaken directly in the device after assembly, by streaming a fluorescently labeled target through the device and detecting the bead fluorescence. Conditions are first established for which the supported bilayers on the bead surface remain intact during the capture and assay steps, using fluorescent tags in the bilayer to infer bilayer integrity. Numerical calculations of the hydrodynamic drag coefficient on the entrapped beads are presented in conjunction with the stability experiments to develop criteria for the bilayer stability as a function of the screening assay perfusion rate. Simulations of the flow streamlines are also presented to quantify the trapping efficiency of the obstacle course. Screening assays are illustrated, assaying fluorescently labeled NeutrAvidin with biotin, and labeled cholera toxin with its ganglioside binding ligand, GM1. Sequential capturing of sets of lipobeads (one at a time, and with each set bearing a different probe), followed by indexing the bead positions after each set is entrapped, allows for the construction of an indexed array of multiple probes without the need for particle encoding and is illustrated using the NeutrAvidin-biotin pair. Finally, the lipobead platform is used for quantitatively measuring the kinetic rate constants for the binding of a probe (biotin) to a target (NeutrAvidin).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Chen
- Levich Institute and Department of Chemical Engineering, The City College of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, USA
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90
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Rodriguez-Rodriguez R, Muñoz-Berbel X, Demming S, Büttgenbach S, Herrera MD, Llobera A. Cell-based microfluidic device for screening anti-proliferative activity of drugs in vascular smooth muscle cells. Biomed Microdevices 2013; 14:1129-40. [PMID: 22773184 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-012-9679-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a microfluidic device consisting of five parallel microchambers with integrated readout-grid for the screening of anti-proliferative activity of drugs in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). A two-level SU-8 master was fabricated and replicated with poly(dimethylsiloxane), PDMS, using standard soft-lithographic methods. The relative small height (4-10 μm) of the integrated grid allowed the identification of single-cells or cell groups and the monitoring of their motility, morphology and size with time, without disturbing their proliferation pattern. This is of particular interest when considering VSMC which, apart of being crucial in the atherosclerotic process, do not proliferate in a single layer but in a non-homogenous hill and valley phenotype. The performance of the microfluidic device has been validated by comparison with conventional culturing methods, proving that the cell proliferation remains unaffected by the microchamber structure (with the integrated grid) and the experimental conditions. Finally, the microfluidic device was also used to evaluate the anti-proliferative activity of curcumin and colchicine in VSMC. With this cellular type, the anti-proliferative activity of curcumin (IC(50) =35 ± 5 μM) was found to be much lower than colchicine (IC(50) =3.2 ± 1.2 μM). These results demonstrate the good performance of the microfluidic device in the evaluation of the anti-proliferative activity (or cytotoxicity) of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rodriguez-Rodriguez
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
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91
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Park S, Moon HS, Lee DS, Kim HC, Chun H. High-throughput on-chip leukemia diagnosis. Int J Lab Hematol 2013; 35:480-90. [PMID: 23414350 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.12054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Advances in lab-on-a-chip technologies enabled programmable, reconfigurable, and scalable manipulation of a variety of laboratory procedures. Samples, reagents, and fluids can be precisely controlled; buffer temperature, pH, and concentration control systems as well as a variety of detection systems can be integrated on a small chip. These advantages have attracted attention in various fields of clinical application including leukemia diagnosis and research. A lot of research on lab-on-a-chip based diagnosis has been reported and the field is rapidly expanding. This review describes recent developments of lab-on-a-chip technologies as solutions to challenges for high-throughput leukemia diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Park
- Interdisciplinary Program, Bioengineering Major, Graduate School, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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92
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Chen Q, Wu J, Zhang Y, Lin Z, Lin JM. Targeted isolation and analysis of single tumor cells with aptamer-encoded microwell array on microfluidic device. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:5180-5. [PMID: 23108418 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc40858a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic-based single cells analysis has been of great interest in recent years, promising disease diagnosis and personalized medicine. Current technologies are challenging in bioselectively isolating specific single cells from complex matrices. Herein, a novel microfluidic platform integrated with cell-recognizable aptamer-encoded microwells was specifically developed to isolate single tumor cells with satisfied single-cell occupancy and unique bioselectivity. In this work, the designed microwell-structures enable us to encourage strong 3D local topographic interactions of the target cell surface with biomolecules and regulate the single-cell resolution. Under the optimized size of microwells, the single-cell occupancy was significantly enhanced from 0.5% to 88.2% through the introduction of the aptamer. Analysis of the target cells was directly performed in short time periods (<5.0 min) with small volumes (4.5 μL). Importantly, such an aptamer-enabled microfluidic device shows an excellent selectivity for target single cells isolation compared with three control cells. Subsequently, targeted isolation and analysis of single tumor cells were demonstrated by using artificial complex cell samples at simulated conditions, and various cellular carboxylesterases were studied by time-course measurements of cellular fluorescence kinetics at individual-cell level. Thus, our technique will open up a new opportunity in single-cell level-based disease diagnosis and personalize medicine screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiushui Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Method and Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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93
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Skommer J, Akagi J, Takeda K, Fujimura Y, Khoshmanesh K, Wlodkowic D. Multiparameter Lab-on-a-Chip flow cytometry of the cell cycle. Biosens Bioelectron 2012; 42:586-91. [PMID: 23261693 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2012] [Revised: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Multiparameter analysis of apoptosis in relation to cell cycle position is helpful in exploring mechanism of action of anticancer drugs that target specific molecular cogs of the cell cycle. This work demonstrates a new rationale for using microfluidic Lab-on-a-Chip flow cytometry (μFCM) with a simple 2D hydrodynamic focusing for the multiparameter analysis of apoptosis and DNA ploidy analysis in human hematopoietic cancer cells. The microfluidic system employs disposable microfluidic cartridges fabricated using injection moulding in optically transparent poly(methylmethacrylate). The dedicated and miniaturized electronic hardware interface enables up to six parameter detections using a combination of spatially separated solid-state 473 nm (10 mW) and 640 nm (20 mW) lasers and x-y stage for rapid laser alignment adjustment. We provide evidence that the simple 2D flow focusing on a chip-based device is sufficient to measure cellular DNA content in both fixed and living tumor cells. The feasibility of using the μFCM system for multiparameter analysis of caspase activation and dissipation of mitochondrial inner membrane potential (ΔΨ(m) loss) in relation to DNA content is also demonstrated. The data shows that straightforward microfluidic chip designs are sufficient to acquire high quality biological data when combined with sophisticated electronic interfaces. They can be a viable alternative to conventional FCM for multiparameter detection of programmed cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Skommer
- The BioMEMS Research Group, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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94
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Darzynkiewicz Z, Zhao H, Halicka HD, Rybak P, Dobrucki J, Wlodkowic D. DNA damage signaling assessed in individual cells in relation to the cell cycle phase and induction of apoptosis. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2012; 49:199-217. [PMID: 23137030 DOI: 10.3109/10408363.2012.738808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Reviewed are the phosphorylation events reporting activation of protein kinases and the key substrates critical for the DNA damage signaling (DDS). These DDS events are detected immunocytochemically using phospho-specific Abs; flow cytometry or image-assisted cytometry provide the means to quantitatively assess them on a cell by cell basis. The multiparameter analysis of the data is used to correlate these events with each other and relate to the cell cycle phase, DNA replication and induction of apoptosis. Expression of γH2AX as a possible marker of induction of DNA double strand breaks is the most widely studied event of DDS. Reviewed are applications of this multiparameter approach to investigate constitutive DDS reporting DNA damage by endogenous oxidants byproducts of oxidative phosphorylation. Also reviewed are its applications to detect and explore mechanisms of DDS induced by variety of exogenous agents targeting DNA such as exogenous oxidants, ionizing radiation, radiomimetic drugs, UV light, DNA topoisomerase I and II inhibitors, DNA crosslinking drugs and variety of environmental genotoxins. Analysis of DDS induced by these agents provides often a wealth of information about mechanism of induction and the type of DNA damage (lesion) and is reviewed in the context of cell cycle phase specificity, DNA replication, and induction of apoptosis or cell senescence. Critically assessed is interpretation of the data as to whether the observed DDS events report induction of a particular type of DNA lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zbigniew Darzynkiewicz
- Brander Cancer Research Institute and Department of Pathology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA.
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95
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Cao JT, Chen ZX, Hao XY, Zhang PH, Zhu JJ. Quantum Dots-Based Immunofluorescent Microfluidic Chip for the Analysis of Glycan Expression at Single-Cells. Anal Chem 2012; 84:10097-104. [DOI: 10.1021/ac302609y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Tao Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P.R. China
| | - Zi-Xuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Yao Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P.R. China
| | - Peng-Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Jie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P.R. China
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96
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Gao D, Li H, Wang N, Lin JM. Evaluation of the Absorption of Methotrexate on Cells and Its Cytotoxicity Assay by Using an Integrated Microfluidic Device Coupled to a Mass Spectrometer. Anal Chem 2012; 84:9230-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ac301966c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory
of Microanalytical Method and
Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Haifang Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory
of Microanalytical Method and
Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Niejun Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory
of Microanalytical Method and
Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jin-Ming Lin
- Beijing Key Laboratory
of Microanalytical Method and
Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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97
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Wlodkowic D, Skommer J, Darzynkiewicz Z. Cytometry of apoptosis. Historical perspective and new advances. Exp Oncol 2012; 34:255-262. [PMID: 23070010 PMCID: PMC3476471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Characteristic changes in cell morphology paralleled by the appearance of a multitude of molecular and biochemical markers occur during apoptosis. These changes vary depending on the cell type, mechanism of induction of apoptosis, and the time-window at which the process of apoptosis is analyzed. By virtue of the capability of rapid measurement of individual cells the flow- and imaging-cytometry become preferred technologies to detect, identify and record incidence of apoptosis in large cell populations. It also provided a valuable tool to investigate molecular mechanisms in field of necrobiology. This review outlines the progress in development of the most commonly used cytometric methods probing cells death based on analysis of fragmentation of DNA, activation of caspases, analysis of mitochondrial potential, alterations in plasma membrane structure and other features that characterize programmed cell death. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Apoptosis: Four Decades Later"
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Wlodkowic
- The BioMEMS Research Group, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - J. Skommer
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Z. Darzynkiewicz
- Brander Cancer Research Institute and Department of Pathology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
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98
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Kumano I, Hosoda K, Suzuki H, Hirata K, Yomo T. Hydrodynamic trapping of Tetrahymena thermophila for the long-term monitoring of cell behaviors. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:3451-3457. [PMID: 22825740 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc40367f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic trapping technology has been widely applied for single-cell observation in order to reveal characteristic cell behaviors. However, this strategy has yet to be tested for monitoring highly motile cells, which are often biologically important. In this paper, we seek the conditions that enable effective and long-term trapping of a prominent model ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila within a hydrodynamic microfluidic device. Although motility and flexibility of T. thermophila make it difficult to avoid escaping from the trap, we show that tuning some key parameters in the hydrodynamic circuit was effective to achieve approximately 40 h cell retention, which is long enough to monitor cell behaviors over several generations. Here, we demonstrate the real-time observation of cell division and phagocytic digestion, revealing interesting phenomena such as a wide distribution in doubling time in a poor synthetic medium and heterogeneous time courses in digestion processes. Our results present a strategy for trapping highly motile ciliate cells in order to study the dynamic behaviors of single cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itsuka Kumano
- Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 1-5, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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99
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Zhang Z, Li P, Hu X, Zhang Q, Ding X, Zhang W. Microarray technology for major chemical contaminants analysis in food: current status and prospects. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2012; 12:9234-52. [PMID: 23012541 PMCID: PMC3444099 DOI: 10.3390/s120709234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Revised: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Chemical contaminants in food have caused serious health issues in both humans and animals. Microarray technology is an advanced technique suitable for the analysis of chemical contaminates. In particular, immuno-microarray approach is one of the most promising methods for chemical contaminants analysis. The use of microarrays for the analysis of chemical contaminants is the subject of this review. Fabrication strategies and detection methods for chemical contaminants are discussed in detail. Application to the analysis of mycotoxins, biotoxins, pesticide residues, and pharmaceutical residues is also described. Finally, future challenges and opportunities are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowei Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; E-Mails: (Z.Z.); (X.H.); (Q.Z.); (X.D.); (W.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
- Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Oilseeds Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Peiwu Li
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; E-Mails: (Z.Z.); (X.H.); (Q.Z.); (X.D.); (W.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
- Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Oilseeds Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Xiaofeng Hu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; E-Mails: (Z.Z.); (X.H.); (Q.Z.); (X.D.); (W.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; E-Mails: (Z.Z.); (X.H.); (Q.Z.); (X.D.); (W.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Xiaoxia Ding
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; E-Mails: (Z.Z.); (X.H.); (Q.Z.); (X.D.); (W.Z.)
- Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Oilseeds Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; E-Mails: (Z.Z.); (X.H.); (Q.Z.); (X.D.); (W.Z.)
- Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oilseeds Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
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Lawrenz A, Nason F, Cooper-White JJ. Geometrical effects in microfluidic-based microarrays for rapid, efficient single-cell capture of mammalian stem cells and plant cells. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2012; 6:24112-2411217. [PMID: 22655021 PMCID: PMC3360725 DOI: 10.1063/1.4704521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/31/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a detailed numerical and experimental investigation into the optimisation of hydrodynamic micro-trapping arrays for high-throughput capture of single polystyrene (PS) microparticles and three different types of live cells at trapping times of 30 min or less is described. Four different trap geometries (triangular, square, conical, and elliptical) were investigated within three different device generations, in which device architecture, channel geometry, inter-trap spacing, trap size, and trap density were varied. Numerical simulation confirmed that (1) the calculated device dimensions permitted partitioned flow between the main channel and the trap channel, and further, preferential flow through the trap channel in the absence of any obstruction; (2) different trap shapes, all having the same dimensional parameters in terms of depth, trapping channel lengths and widths, main channel lengths and widths, produce contrasting streamline plots and that the interaction of the fluid with the different geometries can produce areas of stagnated flow or distorted field lines; and (3) that once trapped, any motion of the trapped particle or cell or a shift in its configuration within the trap can result in significant increases in pressures on the cell surface and variations in the shear stress distribution across the cell's surface. Numerical outcomes were then validated experimentally in terms of the impact of these variations in device design elements on the percent occupancy of the trapping array (with one or more particles or cells) within these targeted short timeframes. Limitations on obtaining high trap occupancies in the devices were shown to be primarily a result of particle aggregation, channel clogging and the trap aperture size. These limitations could be overcome somewhat by optimisation of these device design elements and other operational variables, such as the average carrier fluid velocity. For example, for the 20 μm polystyrene microparticles, the number of filled traps increased from 32% to 42% during 5-10 min experiments in devices with smaller apertures. Similarly, a 40%-60% reduction in trapping channel size resulted in an increase in the amount of filled traps, from 0% to almost 90% in 10 min, for the human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells, and 15%-85% in 15 min for the human embryonic stem cells. Last, a reduction of the average carrier fluid velocity by 50% resulted in an increase from 80% to 92% occupancy of single algae cells in traps. Interestingly, changes in the physical properties of the species being trapped also had a substantial impact, as regardless of the trap shape, higher percent occupancies were observed with cells compared to single PS microparticles in the same device, even though they are of approximately the same size. This investigation showed that in microfluidic single cell capture arrays, the trap shape that maximizes cell viability is not necessarily the most efficient for high-speed single cell capture. However, high-speed trapping configurations for delicate mammalian cells are possible but must be optimised for each cell type and designed principally in accordance with the trap size to cell size ratio.
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