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Dando I, Pozza ED, Ambrosini G, Torrens-Mas M, Butera G, Mullappilly N, Pacchiana R, Palmieri M, Donadelli M. Oncometabolites in cancer aggressiveness and tumour repopulation. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2019; 94:1530-1546. [PMID: 30972955 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tumour repopulation is recognized as a crucial event in tumour relapse where therapy-sensitive dying cancer cells influence the tumour microenvironment to sustain therapy-resistant cancer cell growth. Recent studies highlight the role of the oncometabolites succinate, fumarate, and 2-hydroxyglutarate in the aggressiveness of cancer cells and in the worsening of the patient's clinical outcome. These oncometabolites can be produced and secreted by cancer and/or surrounding cells, modifying the tumour microenvironment and sustaining an invasive neoplastic phenotype. In this review, we report recent findings concerning the role in cancer development of succinate, fumarate, and 2-hydroxyglutarate and the regulation of their related enzymes succinate dehydrogenase, fumarate hydratase, and isocitrate dehydrogenase. We propose that oncometabolites are crucially involved in tumour repopulation. The study of the mechanisms underlying the relationship between oncometabolites and tumour repopulation is fundamental for identifying efficient anti-cancer therapeutic strategies and novel serum biomarkers in order to overcome cancer relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Dando
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Elisa Dalla Pozza
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Giulia Ambrosini
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Margalida Torrens-Mas
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, E-07122, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, edificio S, Palma de Mallorca, E-07120, Spain
| | - Giovanna Butera
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Nidula Mullappilly
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Raffaella Pacchiana
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Marta Palmieri
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Massimo Donadelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
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Picca A, Berzero G, Di Stefano AL, Sanson M. The clinical use of IDH1 and IDH2 mutations in gliomas. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2018; 18:1041-1051. [PMID: 30427756 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2018.1548935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Mutations in the genes isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) 1 and 2 have been reported in a limited number of tumors. In gliomas, IDH mutations are primarily detected in WHO grade II-III tumors and represent a major biomarker with diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive implications. The recent development of IDH inhibitors and vaccines suggests that the IDH mutation is also an appealing target for therapy. Areas covered: This review focuses on the role of IDH mutations in diffuse gliomas. Besides discussing their role in gliomagenesis, we will emphasize the role of IDH mutations in clinical practice as a diagnostic, prognostic and predictive biomarker, and as a potential therapeutic target. Noninvasive detection of the IDH mutation by means of liquid biopsy and MR spectroscopy will also be discussed. Expert commentary: While IDH mutation is a consolidated diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in clinical practice, its role in oncogenesis is far from being elucidated, and there are several pending issues. The routine use of noninvasive techniques for detection and monitoring of the IDH status remains challenging. Although the IDH mutation is a very early alteration in gliomagenesis, it may then be omitted during tumor progression. This observation has important implications when designing targeted clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Picca
- a Neuroscience Consortium , University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Giulia Berzero
- b Neuroncology Unit , IRCCS Mondino Foundation , Pavia , Italy.,c Biomedical Sciences , University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Anna Luisa Di Stefano
- d Sorbonne Universités , Paris , France.,e Department of Neurology , Foch Hospital , Suresnes, Paris , France
| | - Marc Sanson
- d Sorbonne Universités , Paris , France.,f Service de Neurologie 2 , AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière , Paris , France
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53
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Fedeles BI, Essigmann JM. Impact of DNA lesion repair, replication and formation on the mutational spectra of environmental carcinogens: Aflatoxin B 1 as a case study. DNA Repair (Amst) 2018; 71:12-22. [PMID: 30309820 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In a multicellular organism, somatic mutations represent a permanent record of the past chemical and biochemical perturbations experienced by a cell in its local microenvironment. Akin to a perpetual recording device, with every replication, genomic DNA accumulates mutations in patterns that reflect: i) the sequence context-dependent formation of DNA damage, due to environmental or endogenous reactive species, including spontaneous processes; ii) the activity of DNA repair pathways, which, depending on the type of lesion, can erase, ignore or exacerbate the mutagenic consequences of that DNA damage; and iii) the choice of replication machinery that synthesizes the nascent genomic copy. These three factors result in a richly contoured sequence context-dependent mutational spectrum that, from appearances, is distinct for most individual forms of DNA damage. Such a mutagenic legacy, if appropriately decoded, can reveal the local history of genome-altering events such as chemical or pathogen exposures, metabolic stress, and inflammation, which in turn can provide an indication of the underlying causes and mechanisms of genetic disease. Modern tools have positioned us to develop a deep mechanistic understanding of the cellular factors and pathways that modulate a mutational process and, in turn, provide opportunities for better diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, better exposure risk assessment and even actionable therapeutic targets. The goal of this Perspective is to present a bottom-up, lesion-centric framework of mutagenesis that integrates the contributions of lesion replication, lesion repair and lesion formation to explain the complex mutational spectra that emerge in the genome following exposure to mutagens. The mutational spectra of the well-studied hepatocarcinogen aflatoxin B1 are showcased here as specific examples, but the implications are meant to be generalizable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan I Fedeles
- Departments of Biological Engineering, Chemistry and The Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - John M Essigmann
- Departments of Biological Engineering, Chemistry and The Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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54
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Buege MJ, DiPippo AJ, DiNardo CD. Evolving Treatment Strategies for Elderly Leukemia Patients with IDH Mutations. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E187. [PMID: 29882807 PMCID: PMC6025071 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10060187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a debilitating and life-threatening condition, especially for elderly patients who account for over 50% of diagnoses. For over four decades, standard induction therapy with intensive cytotoxic chemotherapy for AML had remained unchanged. However, for most patients, standard therapy continues to have its shortcomings, especially for elderly patients who may not be able to tolerate the complications from intensive cytotoxic chemotherapy. New research into the development of targeted and alternative therapies has led to a new era in AML therapy. For the nearly 20% of diagnoses harboring a mutation in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 or 2 (IDH1/2), potential treatment options have undergone a paradigm shift away from intensive cytotoxic chemotherapy and towards targeted therapy alone or in combination with lower intensity chemotherapy. The first FDA approved IDH2 inhibitor was enasidenib in 2017. In addition, IDH1 inhibitors are in ongoing clinical studies, and the oral BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax shows preliminary efficacy in this subset of patients. These new tools aim to improve outcomes and change the treatment paradigm for elderly patients with IDH mutant AML. However, the challenge of how to best incorporate these agents into standard practice remains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Buege
- Pharmacy Clinical Programs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Adam J DiPippo
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Courtney D DiNardo
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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55
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Molenaar RJ, Radivoyevitch T, Nagata Y, Khurshed M, Przychodzen B, Makishima H, Xu M, Bleeker FE, Wilmink JW, Carraway HE, Mukherjee S, Sekeres MA, van Noorden CJF, Maciejewski JP. IDH1/2 Mutations Sensitize Acute Myeloid Leukemia to PARP Inhibition and This Is Reversed by IDH1/2-Mutant Inhibitors. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:1705-1715. [PMID: 29339439 PMCID: PMC5884732 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-2796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Somatic mutations in IDH1/2 occur in approximately 20% of patients with myeloid neoplasms, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). IDH1/2MUT enzymes produce D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D2HG), which associates with increased DNA damage and improved responses to chemo/radiotherapy and PARP inhibitors in solid tumor cells. Whether this also holds true for IDH1/2MUT AML is not known.Experimental Design: Well-characterized primary IDH1MUT, IDH2MUT, and IDH1/2WT AML cells were analyzed for DNA damage and responses to daunorubicin, ionizing radiation, and PARP inhibitors.Results:IDH1/2MUT caused increased DNA damage and sensitization to daunorubicin, irradiation, and the PARP inhibitors olaparib and talazoparib in AML cells. IDH1/2MUT inhibitors protected against these treatments. Combined treatment with a PARP inhibitor and daunorubicin had an additive effect on the killing of IDH1/2MUT AML cells. We provide evidence that the therapy sensitivity of IDH1/2MUT cells was caused by D2HG-mediated downregulation of expression of the DNA damage response gene ATM and not by altered redox responses due to metabolic alterations in IDH1/2MUT cells.Conclusions:IDH1/2MUT AML cells are sensitive to PARP inhibitors as monotherapy but especially when combined with a DNA-damaging agent, such as daunorubicin, whereas concomitant administration of IDH1/2MUT inhibitors during cytotoxic therapy decrease the efficacy of both agents in IDH1/2MUT AML. These results advocate in favor of clinical trials of PARP inhibitors either or not in combination with daunorubicin in IDH1/2MUT AML. Clin Cancer Res; 24(7); 1705-15. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remco J Molenaar
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tomas Radivoyevitch
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Yasunobu Nagata
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Mohammed Khurshed
- Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bartolomiej Przychodzen
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Hideki Makishima
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Mingjiang Xu
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Fonnet E Bleeker
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Family Cancer Clinic, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Johanna W Wilmink
- Department of Medical Oncology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hetty E Carraway
- Leukemia Program, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Sudipto Mukherjee
- Leukemia Program, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Mikkael A Sekeres
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
- Leukemia Program, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Cornelis J F van Noorden
- Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jaroslaw P Maciejewski
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
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Beyond Brooding on Oncometabolic Havoc in IDH-Mutant Gliomas and AML: Current and Future Therapeutic Strategies. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10020049. [PMID: 29439493 PMCID: PMC5836081 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10020049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Isocitrate dehydrogenases 1 and 2 (IDH1,2), the key Krebs cycle enzymes that generate NADPH reducing equivalents, undergo heterozygous mutations in >70% of low- to mid-grade gliomas and ~20% of acute myeloid leukemias (AMLs) and gain an unusual new activity of reducing the α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) to D-2 hydroxyglutarate (D-2HG) in a NADPH-consuming reaction. The oncometabolite D-2HG, which accumulates >35 mM, is widely accepted to drive a progressive oncogenesis besides exacerbating the already increased oxidative stress in these cancers. More importantly, D-2HG competes with α-KG and inhibits a large number of α-KG-dependent dioxygenases such as TET (Ten-eleven translocation), JmjC domain-containing KDMs (histone lysine demethylases), and the ALKBH DNA repair proteins that ultimately lead to hypermethylation of the CpG islands in the genome. The resulting CpG Island Methylator Phenotype (CIMP) accounts for major gene expression changes including the silencing of the MGMT (O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase) repair protein in gliomas. Glioma patients with IDH1 mutations also show better therapeutic responses and longer survival, the reasons for which are yet unclear. There has been a great surge in drug discovery for curtailing the mutant IDH activities, and arresting tumor proliferation; however, given the unique and chronic metabolic effects of D-2HG, the promise of these compounds for glioma treatment is uncertain. This comprehensive review discusses the biology, current drug design and opportunities for improved therapies through exploitable synthetic lethality pathways, and an intriguing oncometabolite-inspired strategy for primary glioblastoma.
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57
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Ye D, Guan KL, Xiong Y. Metabolism, Activity, and Targeting of D- and L-2-Hydroxyglutarates. Trends Cancer 2018; 4:151-165. [PMID: 29458964 PMCID: PMC5884165 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Isocitrate dehydrogenases (IDH1/2) are frequently mutated in multiple types of human cancer, resulting in neomorphic enzymes that convert α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) to 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG). The current view on the mechanism of IDH mutation holds that 2-HG acts as an antagonist of α-KG to competitively inhibit the activity of α-KG-dependent dioxygenases, including those involved in histone and DNA demethylation. Recent studies have implicated 2-HG in activities beyond epigenetic modification. Multiple enzymes have been discovered that lack mutations but that can nevertheless produce 2-HG promiscuously under hypoxic or acidic conditions. Therapies are being developed to treat IDH-mutant cancers by targeting either the mutant IDH enzymes directly or the pathways sensitized by 2-HG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Ye
- Molecular and Cell Biology Lab, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Kun-Liang Guan
- Molecular and Cell Biology Lab, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yue Xiong
- Molecular and Cell Biology Lab, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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58
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Molenaar RJ, Maciejewski JP, Wilmink JW, van Noorden CJF. Wild-type and mutated IDH1/2 enzymes and therapy responses. Oncogene 2018; 37:1949-1960. [PMID: 29367755 PMCID: PMC5895605 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-017-0077-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1/2) are key enzymes in cellular metabolism, epigenetic regulation, redox states, and DNA repair. IDH1/2 mutations are causal in the development and/or progression of various types of cancer due to supraphysiological production of d-2-hydroxyglutarate. In various tumor types, IDH1/2-mutated cancers predict for improved responses to treatment with irradiation or chemotherapy. The present review discusses the molecular basis of the sensitivity of IDH1/2-mutated cancers with respect to the function of mutated IDH1/2 in cellular processes and their interactions with novel IDH1/2-mutant inhibitors. Finally, lessons learned from IDH1/2 mutations for future clinical applications in IDH1/2 wild-type cancers are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remco J Molenaar
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Jaroslaw P Maciejewski
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Johanna W Wilmink
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis J F van Noorden
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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59
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Tarhonskaya H, Nowak RP, Johansson C, Szykowska A, Tumber A, Hancock RL, Lang P, Flashman E, Oppermann U, Schofield CJ, Kawamura A. Studies on the Interaction of the Histone Demethylase KDM5B with Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Intermediates. J Mol Biol 2017; 429:2895-2906. [PMID: 28827149 PMCID: PMC5636616 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Methylation of lysine-4 of histone H3 (H3K4men) is an important regulatory factor in eukaryotic transcription. Removal of the transcriptionally activating H3K4 methylation is catalyzed by histone demethylases, including the Jumonji C (JmjC) KDM5 subfamily. The JmjC KDMs are Fe(II) and 2-oxoglutarate (2OG)-dependent oxygenases, some of which are associated with cancer. Altered levels of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates and the associated metabolites D- and L-2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) can cause changes in chromatin methylation status. We report comprehensive biochemical, structural and cellular studies on the interaction of TCA cycle intermediates with KDM5B, which is a current medicinal chemistry target for cancer. The tested TCA intermediates were poor or moderate KDM5B inhibitors, except for oxaloacetate and succinate, which were shown to compete for binding with 2OG. D- and L-2HG were moderate inhibitors at levels that might be relevant in cancer cells bearing isocitrate dehydrogenase mutations. Crystallographic analyses with succinate, fumarate, L-malate, oxaloacetate, pyruvate and D- and L-2HG support the kinetic studies showing competition with 2OG. An unexpected binding mode for oxaloacetate was observed in which it coordinates the active site metal via its C-4 carboxylate rather than the C-1 carboxylate/C-2 keto groups. Studies employing immunofluorescence antibody-based assays reveal no changes in H3K4me3 levels in cells ectopically overexpressing KDM5B in response to dosing with TCA cycle metabolite pro-drug esters, suggesting that the high levels of cellular 2OG may preclude inhibition. The combined results reveal the potential for KDM5B inhibition by TCA cycle intermediates, but suggest that in cells, such inhibition will normally be effectively competed by 2OG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Tarhonskaya
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Radosław P Nowak
- Structural Genomic Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Catrine Johansson
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, United Kingdom; Botnar Research Centre, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Unit, University of Oxford, Windmill Road, Oxford, OX3 7LD, United Kingdom
| | - Aleksandra Szykowska
- Structural Genomic Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Tumber
- Structural Genomic Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca L Hancock
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Pauline Lang
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Flashman
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Udo Oppermann
- Structural Genomic Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom; Botnar Research Centre, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Unit, University of Oxford, Windmill Road, Oxford, OX3 7LD, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J Schofield
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, United Kingdom.
| | - Akane Kawamura
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, United Kingdom.
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