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Furlan CM, Anselmo-Moreira F, Teixeira-Costa L, Ceccantini G, Salminen JP. Does Phoradendron perrottetii (mistletoe) alter polyphenols levels of Tapirira guianensis (host plant)? PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 136:222-229. [PMID: 30703634 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the reciprocal effects of Phoradendron perrottetii (mistletoe) and T. guianensis (host plant) regarding their polyphenol composition. Taking into account that tannins are important molecules in plant defense and their biosynthesis tends to be enhanced when a species is exposed to stress, we address the following questions: (1) Are the tannins found in our model species important in the interaction between host and mistletoe? (2) Does the presence of mistletoe induce changes in the content of tannins and other polyphenols in the host plant? (3) Do we find differences between the tannin sub-groups in the responses of the host plant to mistletoe? (4) Could the observed differences reflect the relative importance of one tannin group over another as chemical defense against the mistletoe? Using a polyphenol and tannin group-specific MRM methods we quantified four different tannin sub-groups together with flavonoid and quinic acid derivatives by ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry together with the oxidative and protein precipitation activities of leaves and branches of Tapirira guianensis and Phoradendron perrottetii. We selected leaves and branches of six non-parasitized trees of T. guianensis. Leaves and branches of nine individuals of T. guianensis parasitized by P. perrottetii were also sampled. For each parasitized tree, we sampled an infested branch and its leaves, as well as a non-infested branch and its leaves. Infested branches were divided into three groups: gall (the host-parasite interface), proximal, and distal region. Both proanthocyanidins and ellagitanins seem to be important for plant-plant parasitism interaction: host infested tissues (gall and surrounding regions) have clearly less tannin contents than healthy tissues. Mistletoe showed high levels of quinic acid derivatives and flavonoids that could be important during hastorium formation and intrusion on host tissues, suggesting a defense mechanism that could promote oxidative stress together with an inhibition of mistletoe seed germination, consequently avoiding secondary infestations. Polyphenol detected in T. guianensis-P. perrottetii interaction could play different role as plant-mistletoe strategies of survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Maria Furlan
- Department of Botany, Institute of Bioscience, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 277, 05508-090, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Anselmo-Moreira
- Department of Botany, Institute of Bioscience, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 277, 05508-090, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luíza Teixeira-Costa
- Department of Botany, Institute of Bioscience, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 277, 05508-090, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gregório Ceccantini
- Department of Botany, Institute of Bioscience, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 277, 05508-090, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juha-Pekka Salminen
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
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Solid-liquid extraction of bioactive compounds with antioxidant potential from Alternanthera sesillis (red) and identification of the polyphenols using UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS. Food Res Int 2019; 115:241-250. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.08.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Chun J, Song K, Kim YS. Anti-inflammatory Activity of Standardized Fraction from Inula helenium L. via Suppression of NF-κB Pathway in RAW 264.7 Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.20307/nps.2019.25.1.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaemoo Chun
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Current Address: Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Kwangho Song
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Shik Kim
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Dutreix L, Bernard C, Juin C, Imbert C, Girardot M. Do raspberry extracts and fractions have antifungal or anti-adherent potential against Candida spp.? Int J Antimicrob Agents 2018; 52:947-953. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2018.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Lamari N, Zhendre V, Urrutia M, Bernillon S, Maucourt M, Deborde C, Prodhomme D, Jacob D, Ballias P, Rolin D, Sellier H, Rabier D, Gibon Y, Giauffret C, Moing A. Metabotyping of 30 maize hybrids under early-sowing conditions reveals potential marker-metabolites for breeding. Metabolomics 2018; 14:132. [PMID: 30830438 PMCID: PMC6208756 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-018-1427-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In Northern Europe, maize early-sowing used to maximize yield may lead to moderate damages of seedlings due to chilling without visual phenotypes. Genetic studies and breeding for chilling tolerance remain necessary, and metabolic markers would be particularly useful in this context. OBJECTIVES Using an untargeted metabolomic approach on a collection of maize hybrids, our aim was to identify metabolite signatures and/or metabolites associated with chilling responses at the vegetative stage, to search for metabolites differentiating groups of hybrids based on silage-earliness, and to search for marker-metabolites correlated with aerial biomass. METHODS Thirty genetically-diverse maize dent inbred-lines (Zea mays) crossed to a flint inbred-line were sown in a field to assess metabolite profiles upon cold treatment induced by a modification of sowing date, and characterized with climatic measurements and phenotyping. RESULTS NMR- and LC-MS-based metabolomic profiling revealed the biological variation of primary and specialized metabolites in young leaves of plants before flowering-stage. The effect of early-sowing on leaf composition was larger than that of genotype, and several metabolites were associated to sowing response. The metabolic distances between genotypes based on leaf compositional data were not related to the genotype admixture groups, and their variability was lower under early-sowing than normal-sowing. Several metabolites or metabolite-features were related to silage-earliness groups in the normal-sowing condition, some of which were confirmed the following year. Correlation networks involving metabolites and aerial biomass suggested marker-metabolites for breeding for chilling tolerance. CONCLUSION After validation in other experiments and larger genotype panels, these marker-metabolites can contribute to breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Lamari
- UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, Centre INRA de Nouvelle Aquitaine - Bordeaux, 71 av Edouard Bourlaux, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Plateforme Métabolome du Centre de Génomique Fonctionnelle Bordeaux, MetaboHUB, IBVM, Centre INRA de Nouvelle Aquitaine - Bordeaux, 71 av Edouard Bourlaux, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
- 0000 0001 0768 2743grid.7886.1Present Address: Earth Institute, O’Brien Centre for Science, School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Vanessa Zhendre
- UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, Centre INRA de Nouvelle Aquitaine - Bordeaux, 71 av Edouard Bourlaux, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Plateforme Métabolome du Centre de Génomique Fonctionnelle Bordeaux, MetaboHUB, IBVM, Centre INRA de Nouvelle Aquitaine - Bordeaux, 71 av Edouard Bourlaux, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Maria Urrutia
- UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, Centre INRA de Nouvelle Aquitaine - Bordeaux, 71 av Edouard Bourlaux, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
- INRA, UR AgroImpact, Estrées-Mons, 80203 Péronne, France
- Present Address: Enza Zaden Centro de Investigacion S.L., 04710 Santa Maria del Aguila, Almería, Spain
| | - Stéphane Bernillon
- UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, Centre INRA de Nouvelle Aquitaine - Bordeaux, 71 av Edouard Bourlaux, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Plateforme Métabolome du Centre de Génomique Fonctionnelle Bordeaux, MetaboHUB, IBVM, Centre INRA de Nouvelle Aquitaine - Bordeaux, 71 av Edouard Bourlaux, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Mickaël Maucourt
- UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, Centre INRA de Nouvelle Aquitaine - Bordeaux, 71 av Edouard Bourlaux, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Plateforme Métabolome du Centre de Génomique Fonctionnelle Bordeaux, MetaboHUB, IBVM, Centre INRA de Nouvelle Aquitaine - Bordeaux, 71 av Edouard Bourlaux, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Catherine Deborde
- UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, Centre INRA de Nouvelle Aquitaine - Bordeaux, 71 av Edouard Bourlaux, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Plateforme Métabolome du Centre de Génomique Fonctionnelle Bordeaux, MetaboHUB, IBVM, Centre INRA de Nouvelle Aquitaine - Bordeaux, 71 av Edouard Bourlaux, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Duyen Prodhomme
- UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, Centre INRA de Nouvelle Aquitaine - Bordeaux, 71 av Edouard Bourlaux, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Plateforme Métabolome du Centre de Génomique Fonctionnelle Bordeaux, MetaboHUB, IBVM, Centre INRA de Nouvelle Aquitaine - Bordeaux, 71 av Edouard Bourlaux, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Daniel Jacob
- UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, Centre INRA de Nouvelle Aquitaine - Bordeaux, 71 av Edouard Bourlaux, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Plateforme Métabolome du Centre de Génomique Fonctionnelle Bordeaux, MetaboHUB, IBVM, Centre INRA de Nouvelle Aquitaine - Bordeaux, 71 av Edouard Bourlaux, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Patricia Ballias
- UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, Centre INRA de Nouvelle Aquitaine - Bordeaux, 71 av Edouard Bourlaux, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Plateforme Métabolome du Centre de Génomique Fonctionnelle Bordeaux, MetaboHUB, IBVM, Centre INRA de Nouvelle Aquitaine - Bordeaux, 71 av Edouard Bourlaux, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Dominique Rolin
- UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, Centre INRA de Nouvelle Aquitaine - Bordeaux, 71 av Edouard Bourlaux, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Plateforme Métabolome du Centre de Génomique Fonctionnelle Bordeaux, MetaboHUB, IBVM, Centre INRA de Nouvelle Aquitaine - Bordeaux, 71 av Edouard Bourlaux, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | | | | | - Yves Gibon
- UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, Centre INRA de Nouvelle Aquitaine - Bordeaux, 71 av Edouard Bourlaux, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Plateforme Métabolome du Centre de Génomique Fonctionnelle Bordeaux, MetaboHUB, IBVM, Centre INRA de Nouvelle Aquitaine - Bordeaux, 71 av Edouard Bourlaux, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | | | - Annick Moing
- UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, Centre INRA de Nouvelle Aquitaine - Bordeaux, 71 av Edouard Bourlaux, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Plateforme Métabolome du Centre de Génomique Fonctionnelle Bordeaux, MetaboHUB, IBVM, Centre INRA de Nouvelle Aquitaine - Bordeaux, 71 av Edouard Bourlaux, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
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Salminen JP. Two-Dimensional Tannin Fingerprints by Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry Offer a New Dimension to Plant Tannin Analyses and Help To Visualize the Tannin Diversity in Plants. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:9162-9171. [PMID: 30136834 PMCID: PMC6203188 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Tannins are large-molecular-weight plant polyphenols that are produced in fruits, berries, leaves, flowers, seeds, stems, and roots of woody and non-woody plants. Hundreds and thousands of individual tannin structures are consequently found in many kinds of natural food and feed products. The huge structural variability in tannins is reflected as vast bioactivity differences between them but not in the accuracy of their typical analysis methods. Here, I show how the modern liquid chromatography mass spectrometry methods can be used to obtain new types of two-dimensional tannin fingerprints to better visualize both the tannin content and diversity in plants with just one 10 min analysis per sample.
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Bowers JJ, Gunawardena HP, Cornu A, Narvekar AS, Richieu A, Deffieux D, Quideau S, Tharayil N. Rapid Screening of Ellagitannins in Natural Sources via Targeted Reporter Ion Triggered Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10399. [PMID: 29991731 PMCID: PMC6039434 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27708-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex biomolecules present in their natural sources have been difficult to analyze using traditional analytical approaches. Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC-MS/MS) methods have the potential to enhance the discovery of a less well characterized and challenging class of biomolecules in plants, the ellagitannins. We present an approach that allows for the screening of ellagitannins by employing higher energy collision dissociation (HCD) to generate reporter ions for classification and collision-induced dissociation (CID) to generate unique fragmentation spectra for isomeric variants of previously unreported species. Ellagitannin anions efficiently form three characteristic reporter ions after HCD fragmentation that allows for the classification of unknown precursors that we call targeted reporter ion triggering (TRT). We demonstrate how a tandem HCD-CID experiment might be used to screen natural sources using UHPLC-MS/MS by application of 22 method conditions from which an optimized data-dependent acquisition (DDA) emerged. The method was verified not to yield false-positive results in complex plant matrices. We were able to identify 154 non-isomeric ellagitannins from strawberry leaves, which is 17 times higher than previously reported in the same matrix. The systematic inclusion of CID spectra for isomers of each species classified as an ellagitannin has never been possible before the development of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremiah J Bowers
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29631, USA
| | - Harsha P Gunawardena
- Janssen Research and Development, The Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson and Johnson, Spring House, PA, 19477, USA
| | - Anaëlle Cornu
- University Bordeaux, ISM (CNRS-UMR 5255), 351 cours de la Libération, 33405, Talence Cedex, France
| | - Ashwini S Narvekar
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29631, USA
| | - Antoine Richieu
- University Bordeaux, ISM (CNRS-UMR 5255), 351 cours de la Libération, 33405, Talence Cedex, France
| | - Denis Deffieux
- University Bordeaux, ISM (CNRS-UMR 5255), 351 cours de la Libération, 33405, Talence Cedex, France
| | - Stéphane Quideau
- University Bordeaux, ISM (CNRS-UMR 5255), 351 cours de la Libération, 33405, Talence Cedex, France
| | - Nishanth Tharayil
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29631, USA.
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Liang L, Xu J, Liang ZT, Dong XP, Chen HB, Zhao ZZ. Tissue-Specific Analysis of Secondary Metabolites Creates a Reliable Morphological Criterion for Quality Grading of Polygoni Multiflori Radix. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23051115. [PMID: 29738485 PMCID: PMC6099783 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In commercial herbal markets, Polygoni Multiflori Radix (PMR, the tuberous roots of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb.), a commonly-used Chinese medicinal material, is divided into different grades based on morphological features of size and weight. While more weight and larger size command a higher price, there is no scientific data confirming that the more expensive roots are in fact of better quality. To assess the inherent quality of various grades and of various tissues in PMR and to find reliable morphological indicators of quality, a method combining laser microdissection (LMD) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-QqQ-MS/MS) was applied. Twelve major chemical components were quantitatively determined in both whole material and different tissues of PMR. Determination of the whole material revealed that traditional commercial grades based on size and weight of PRM did not correspond to any significant differences in chemical content. Instead, tissue-specific analysis indicated that the morphological features could be linked with quality in a new way. That is, PMR with broader cork and phloem, as seen in a transverse section, were typically of better quality as these parts are where the bioactive components accumulate. The tissue-specific analysis of secondary metabolites creates a reliable morphological criterion for quality grading of PMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Jun Xu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Zhi-Tao Liang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Xiao-Ping Dong
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Hu-Biao Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Zhong-Zhen Zhao
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
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Oxidatively Active Plant Phenolics Detected by UHPLC-DAD-MS after Enzymatic and Alkaline Oxidation. J Chem Ecol 2018; 44:483-496. [DOI: 10.1007/s10886-018-0949-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Marsh KJ, Kulheim C, Blomberg SP, Thornhill AH, Miller JT, Wallis IR, Nicolle D, Salminen JP, Foley WJ. Genus-wide variation in foliar polyphenolics in eucalypts. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2017; 144:197-207. [PMID: 28957714 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2017.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Many studies quantify total phenolics or total tannins, but understanding the ecological role of polyphenolic secondary metabolites requires at least an understanding of the diversity of phenolic groups present. We used UPLC-MS/MS to measure concentrations of different polyphenol groups - including the four most common tannin groups, the three most common flavonoid groups, and quinic acid derivatives - in foliage from 628 eucalypts from the genera Eucalyptus, Angophora and Corymbia. We also tested for phylogenetic signal in each of the phenolic groups. Many eucalypts contained high concentrations of polyphenols, particularly ellagitannins, which have been relatively poorly studied, but may possess strong oxidative activity. Because the biosynthetic pathways of many phenolic compounds share either precursors or enzymes, we found negative correlations between the concentrations of several of the constituents that we measured, including proanthocyanidins (PAs) and hydrolysable tannins (HTs), HTs and flavonol derivatives, and HTs and quinic acid derivatives. We observed moderate phylogenetic signal in all polyphenol constituents, apart from the concentration of the prodelphinidin subunit of PAs and the mean degree of polymerisation of PAs. These two traits, which have previously been shown to be important in determining plants' protein precipitation capacity, may have evolved under selection, perhaps in response to climate or herbivore pressure. Hence, the signature of evolutionary history appears to have been erased for these traits. This study is an important step in moving away from analysing "totals" to a better understanding of how phylogenetic effects influence phenolic composition, and how this in turn influences ecological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen J Marsh
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia.
| | - Carsten Kulheim
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Simon P Blomberg
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Australia
| | - Andrew H Thornhill
- Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research, CSIRO National Research Collections, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia; Australian Tropical Herbarium, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, 4870, Australia
| | - Joseph T Miller
- Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research, CSIRO National Research Collections, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia; Office of International Science and Engineering, National Science Foundation, Arlington, VA, 22230, USA
| | - Ian R Wallis
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Dean Nicolle
- Currency Creek Arboretum, PO Box 808, Melrose Park, SA, 5039, Australia
| | - Juha-Pekka Salminen
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20500, Turku, Finland
| | - William J Foley
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
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Wang X, Zeng Q, del Mar Contreras M, Wang L. Profiling and quantification of phenolic compounds in Camellia seed oils: Natural tea polyphenols in vegetable oil. Food Res Int 2017; 102:184-194. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.09.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Segar ST, Volf M, Isua B, Sisol M, Redmond CM, Rosati ME, Gewa B, Molem K, Dahl C, Holloway JD, Basset Y, Miller SE, Weiblen GD, Salminen JP, Novotny V. Variably hungry caterpillars: predictive models and foliar chemistry suggest how to eat a rainforest. Proc Biol Sci 2017; 284:20171803. [PMID: 29118136 PMCID: PMC5698651 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.1803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A long-term goal in evolutionary ecology is to explain the incredible diversity of insect herbivores and patterns of host plant use in speciose groups like tropical Lepidoptera. Here, we used standardized food-web data, multigene phylogenies of both trophic levels and plant chemistry data to model interactions between Lepidoptera larvae (caterpillars) from two lineages (Geometridae and Pyraloidea) and plants in a species-rich lowland rainforest in New Guinea. Model parameters were used to make and test blind predictions for two hectares of an exhaustively sampled forest. For pyraloids, we relied on phylogeny alone and predicted 54% of species-level interactions, translating to 79% of all trophic links for individual insects, by sampling insects from only 15% of local woody plant diversity. The phylogenetic distribution of host-plant associations in polyphagous geometrids was less conserved, reducing accuracy. In a truly quantitative food web, only 40% of pair-wise interactions were described correctly in geometrids. Polyphenol oxidative activity (but not protein precipitation capacity) was important for understanding the occurrence of geometrids (but not pyraloids) across their hosts. When both foliar chemistry and plant phylogeny were included, we predicted geometrid-plant occurrence with 89% concordance. Such models help to test macroevolutionary hypotheses at the community level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon T Segar
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Branisovska 1760, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Biology Centre, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Volf
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Branisovska 1760, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Biology Centre, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Brus Isua
- New Guinea Binatang Research Center, PO Box 604 Madang, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Mentap Sisol
- New Guinea Binatang Research Center, PO Box 604 Madang, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Conor M Redmond
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Branisovska 1760, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Biology Centre, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Margaret E Rosati
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA
| | - Bradley Gewa
- New Guinea Binatang Research Center, PO Box 604 Madang, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Kenneth Molem
- New Guinea Binatang Research Center, PO Box 604 Madang, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Chris Dahl
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Branisovska 1760, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Biology Centre, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jeremy D Holloway
- Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Yves Basset
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Branisovska 1760, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Biology Centre, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Panama City, Republic of Panama
| | - Scott E Miller
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA
| | - George D Weiblen
- Bell Museum of Natural History and Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, 1479 Gortner Avenue, Saint Paul, MN 55108-1095, USA
| | - Juha-Pekka Salminen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Vatselankatu 2, FI-20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Vojtech Novotny
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Branisovska 1760, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Biology Centre, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
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63
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Volf M, Segar ST, Miller SE, Isua B, Sisol M, Aubona G, Šimek P, Moos M, Laitila J, Kim J, Zima J, Rota J, Weiblen GD, Wossa S, Salminen JP, Basset Y, Novotny V. Community structure of insect herbivores is driven by conservatism, escalation and divergence of defensive traits in Ficus. Ecol Lett 2017; 21:83-92. [PMID: 29143434 DOI: 10.1111/ele.12875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Escalation (macroevolutionary increase) or divergence (disparity between relatives) in trait values are two frequent outcomes of the plant-herbivore arms race. We studied the defences and caterpillars associated with 21 sympatric New Guinean figs. Herbivore generalists were concentrated on hosts with low protease and oxidative activity. The distribution of specialists correlated with phylogeny, protease and trichomes. Additionally, highly specialised Asota moths used alkaloid rich plants. The evolution of proteases was conserved, alkaloid diversity has escalated across the studied species, oxidative activity has escalated within one clade, and trichomes have diverged across the phylogeny. Herbivore specificity correlated with their response to host defences: escalating traits largely affected generalists and divergent traits specialists; but the effect of escalating traits on extreme specialists was positive. In turn, the evolution of defences in Ficus can be driven towards both escalation and divergence in individual traits, in combination providing protection against a broad spectrum of herbivores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Volf
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Branisovska 31, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.,Biology Centre, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Simon T Segar
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Branisovska 31, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.,Biology Centre, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Scott E Miller
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, 10th St. & Constitution Ave. NW, Washington, 20560, DC, USA
| | - Brus Isua
- New Guinea Binatang Research Center, P.O. Box 604, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Mentap Sisol
- New Guinea Binatang Research Center, P.O. Box 604, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Gibson Aubona
- New Guinea Binatang Research Center, P.O. Box 604, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Petr Šimek
- Biology Centre, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Moos
- Biology Centre, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Juuso Laitila
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Jorma Kim
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Jan Zima
- Biology Centre, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.,Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dukelska 135, Trebon, 37982, Czech Republic
| | - Jadranka Rota
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, 223 62, Lund, Sweden
| | - George D Weiblen
- Bell Museum and Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, 250 Biological Science Center, 1445 Gortner Avenue, Saint Paul, 55108, MN, USA
| | - Stewart Wossa
- Centre for Natural Resources Research and Development, University of Goroka, Goroka, P.O Box 1078, Eastern Highland Province, Papua New Guinea
| | - Juha-Pekka Salminen
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Yves Basset
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Branisovska 31, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.,Biology Centre, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado, 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panamá.,Maestria de Entomologia, Universidad de Panama, 080814, Panama City, Panama
| | - Vojtech Novotny
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Branisovska 31, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.,Biology Centre, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
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64
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Chemical Fingerprint and Multicomponent Quantitative Analysis for the Quality Evaluation of Cyclocarya paliurus Leaves by HPLC-Q-TOF-MS. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22111927. [PMID: 29112173 PMCID: PMC6150387 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22111927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclocarya paliurus is an edible and medicinal plant containing various bioactive components with significant health benefits. A combinative method using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprint and quantitative analysis was developed and successfully applied for characterization and quality evaluation of C. paliurus leaves collected from 18 geographical locations of China. For the fingerprint analysis, 21 common peaks were observed among the 18 samples, and these peaks were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-Q-TOF-MS), while a simultaneous quantification of 16 markers was conducted to interpret the variations of contents of these bioactive compounds among the C. paliurus leaves from different geographical locations. Quantification results showed that the contents of these sixteen investigated compounds varied greatly among the leaves from different locations. The developed new method would be a valuable reference for further study and development of this bioactive plant.
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65
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Cao Y, Fang S, Yin Z, Fu X, Shang X, Yang W, Yang H. Chemical Fingerprint and Multicomponent Quantitative Analysis for the Quality Evaluation of Cyclocarya paliurus Leaves by HPLC-Q-TOF-MS. Molecules 2017. [PMID: 29112173 DOI: 10.1155/2012/18010310.3390/molecules22111927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclocarya paliurus is an edible and medicinal plant containing various bioactive components with significant health benefits. A combinative method using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprint and quantitative analysis was developed and successfully applied for characterization and quality evaluation of C. paliurus leaves collected from 18 geographical locations of China. For the fingerprint analysis, 21 common peaks were observed among the 18 samples, and these peaks were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-Q-TOF-MS), while a simultaneous quantification of 16 markers was conducted to interpret the variations of contents of these bioactive compounds among the C. paliurus leaves from different geographical locations. Quantification results showed that the contents of these sixteen investigated compounds varied greatly among the leaves from different locations. The developed new method would be a valuable reference for further study and development of this bioactive plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanni Cao
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Shengzuo Fang
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Zhiqi Yin
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 10009, China.
| | - Xiangxiang Fu
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Xulan Shang
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Wanxia Yang
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Huimin Yang
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 10009, China.
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66
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Alruwaih NA, Yaylayan VA. Comparative evaluation of bioactive compounds in lyophilized and tray-dried rocket ( Eruca sativa). J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.13205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noor A. Alruwaih
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry; McGill University; Quebec H9X 3V9 Canada
| | - Varoujan A. Yaylayan
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry; McGill University; Quebec H9X 3V9 Canada
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67
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In vitro fermentation of browse species using goat rumen fluid in relation to browse polyphenol content and composition. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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68
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Tuominen A, Salminen JP. Hydrolyzable Tannins, Flavonol Glycosides, and Phenolic Acids Show Seasonal and Ontogenic Variation in Geranium sylvaticum. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:6387-6403. [PMID: 28525277 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b00918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The seasonal variation of polyphenols in the aboveground organs and roots of Geranium sylvaticum in four populations was studied using UPLC-DAD-ESI-QqQ-MS/MS. The content of the main compound, geraniin, was highest (16% of dry weight) in the basal leaves after the flowering period but stayed rather constant throughout the growing season. Compound-specific mass spectrometric methods revealed the different seasonal patterns in minor polyphenols. Maximum contents of galloylglucoses and flavonol glycosides were detected in the small leaves in May, whereas the contents of further modified ellagitannins, such as ascorgeraniin and chebulagic acid, increased during the growing season. In flower organs, the polyphenol contents differed significantly between ontogenic phases so that maximum amounts were typically found in the bud phase, except in pistils the amount of gallotannins increased significantly in the fruit phase. These results can be used in evaluating the role of polyphenols in plant-herbivore interactions or in planning the best collection times of G. sylvaticum for compound isolation purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Tuominen
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku , FI-20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Juha-Pekka Salminen
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku , FI-20500 Turku, Finland
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69
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Suvanto J, Nohynek L, Seppänen-Laakso T, Rischer H, Salminen JP, Puupponen-Pimiä R. Variability in the production of tannins and other polyphenols in cell cultures of 12 Nordic plant species. PLANTA 2017; 246:227-241. [PMID: 28382519 PMCID: PMC5522657 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-017-2686-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The polyphenol profiles of 18 cell cultures from 12 plant species were screened. The detected polyphenol fingerprints were diverse and differed from polyphenol profiles typically found in corresponding plant species. Cell cultures originating from 12 different plant species growing or grown in the Nordic countries were screened for their ability to synthesize polyphenols to assess their suitability for future studies and applications. The focus was on plant families Rosaceae and Ericaceae. On average, the Rosaceae cultures were the most efficient to produce hydrolysable tannins and the Ericaceae cultures were the most efficient to produce proanthocyanidins. This is in line with the general trend of polyphenols found in Rosaceae and Ericaceae leaves and fruits, even though several individual cell cultures differed from natural plants in their polyphenolic composition. Overall, several of the studied cell cultures exhibited capability in producing a large variety of polyphenols, including tannins with a high molecular weight, thus also showing promise for further studies concerning, for example, the accumulation of specific polyphenols or biosynthesis of polyphenols in the cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jussi Suvanto
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland.
| | - Liisa Nohynek
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., 02044, Espoo, Finland
| | | | - Heiko Rischer
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., 02044, Espoo, Finland
| | - Juha-Pekka Salminen
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland
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70
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Mengistu G, Hoste H, Karonen M, Salminen JP, Hendriks W, Pellikaan W. The in vitro anthelmintic properties of browse plant species against Haemonchus contortus is determined by the polyphenol content and composition. Vet Parasitol 2017; 237:110-116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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71
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Díaz-de-Cerio E, Tylewicz U, Verardo V, Fernández-Gutiérrez A, Segura-Carretero A, Romani S. Design of Sonotrode Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Psidium guajava L. Leaves. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-017-0836-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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72
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Hydrolysable tannin-based diet rich in gallotannins has a minimal impact on pig performance but significantly reduces salivary and bulbourethral gland size. Animal 2016; 11:1617-1625. [PMID: 28004617 PMCID: PMC5561437 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731116002597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tannins have long been considered ‘anti-nutritional’ factors in monogastric nutrition,
shown to reduce feed intake and palatability. However, recent studies revealed that
compared with condensed tannins, hydrolysable tannins (HT) appear to have far less impact
on growth performance, but may be inhibitory to the total activity of caecal bacteria.
This in turn could reduce microbial synthesis of skatole and indole in the hindgut of
entire male pigs (EM). Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the impact of a
group of dietary HT on growth performance, carcass traits and boar taint compounds of
group housed EM. For the study, 36 Swiss Large White boars were assigned within litter to
three treatment groups. Boars were offered ad libitum one of three
finisher diets supplemented with 0 (C), 15 (T15) or 30 g/kg (T30) of HT from day 105 to
165 of age. Growth performance, carcass characteristics, boar taint compounds in the
adipose tissue and cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoenzymes CYP2E1, CYP1A2 and CYP2A19 gene
expression in the liver was assessed. Compared with C, feed efficiency but not daily gain
and daily feed intake was lower (P<0.05) in T15 and T30 boars.
Except for the percentage carcass weight loss during cooling, which tended
(P<0.10) to be greater in T30 than C and T15, carcass
characteristics were not affected by the diets. In line with the numerically lower
androstenone level, bulbourethral and salivary glands of T30 boars were lighter
(P<0.05) than of T15 with intermediate values for C. Indole level
was lower (P<0.05) in the adipose tissue of T30 than C pigs with
intermediate levels in T15. Skatole levels tended (P<0.10) to be
lower in T30 and C than T15 pigs. Hepatic gene expression of CYP isoenzymes did not differ
between-treatment groups, but was negatively correlated (P<0.05)
with androstenone (CYP2E1 and CYP1A2), skatole (CYP2E1, CYP2A) and indole (CYP2A) level.
In line with the numerically highest androstenone and skatole concentrations, boar taint
odour but not flavour was detected by the panellists in loins from T15 compared with loins
from C and T30 boars. These results provide evidence that HT affected metabolism of
indolic compounds and androstenone and that they affected the development of accessory sex
glands. However, the effects were too small to be detected by sensory evaluation.
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73
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Engström MT, Sun X, Suber MP, Li M, Salminen JP, Hagerman AE. The Oxidative Activity of Ellagitannins Dictates Their Tendency To Form Highly Stabilized Complexes with Bovine Serum Albumin at Increased pH. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:8994-9003. [PMID: 27809509 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b01571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Many food and forage plants contain tannins, high molecular weight polyphenols that characteristically interact strongly with protein, forming complexes that affect taste, nutritional quality, and the health of the consumer. In the present study, the interaction between bovine serum albumin (BSA) and each of seven hydrolyzable tannins or epigallocatechin gallate was examined. The objective was to define the effect of tannin oxidation, measured as oxidative activity (browning) or as oxidizability (degradation monitored by HPLC), on the formation on highly stabilized tannin-protein complexes and to determine how the reaction depended on the pH conditions. Gel electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF-MS were used to assess the formation of tannin-protein complexes. The results showed that tannin oxidizability was directly correlated with the tendency of the tannins to form highly stabilized complexes with BSA at increased pH (7.6). However, at slightly lower pH (6.7), other tannin features, such as the size and flexibility of the tannin, appeared to dictate the formation of highly stabilized tannin-protein complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marica T Engström
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of Turku , FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Xiaowei Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University , Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Matthew P Suber
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University , Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Min Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University , Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Juha-Pekka Salminen
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of Turku , FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Ann E Hagerman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University , Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
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74
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Lama AD, Kim J, Martiskainen O, Klemola T, Salminen JP, Tyystjärvi E, Niemelä P, Vuorisalo T. Impacts of simulated drought stress and artificial damage on concentrations of flavonoids in Jatropha curcas (L.), a biofuel shrub. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2016; 129:1141-1150. [PMID: 27417098 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-016-0850-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We studied the possible roles of flavonoids in the antioxidant and antiherbivore chemistry in Jatropha curcas (L.), a Latin American shrub that holds great potential as a source of biofuel. Changes in flavonoid concentrations in the leaves of J. curcas seedlings exposed to artificial damage and to different rainfall patterns were assessed by applying a 32-factorial experiment in a greenhouse. The concentrations of different flavonoids in the leaves of seedlings were significantly affected by interaction effects of artificial damage, drought stress and age of the seedling. The highest flavonoid concentrations were obtained in seedlings imposed to the highest percentage of artificial damage (50 %) and grown under extreme drought stress (200 mm year-1). In this treatment combination, flavonoid concentrations were three-fold as compared to seedlings exposed to the same level of artificial damage but grown in 1900 mm year-1 rainfall application. Without artificial damage, the concentration of flavonoids in the seedlings grown in 200 mm year-1 rainfall application was still two-fold compared to seedlings grown in higher (>800 mm year-1) rainfall applications. Thus, the observed flavonoid concentration patterns in the leaves of J. curcas seedlings were primarily triggered by drought stress and light rather than by artificial damage, suggesting that drought causes oxidative stress in J. curcas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Dawa Lama
- Section of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences, Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland.
| | - Jorma Kim
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli Martiskainen
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Tero Klemola
- Section of Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Juha-Pekka Salminen
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Esa Tyystjärvi
- Department of Biochemistry/Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Pekka Niemelä
- Section of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences, Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Timo Vuorisalo
- Section of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences, Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland
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75
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Effect of pulsed electric field (PEF)-treated kombucha analogues from Quercus obtusata infusions on bioactives and microorganisms. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2016.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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76
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Engström MT, Karonen M, Ahern JR, Baert N, Payré B, Hoste H, Salminen JP. Chemical Structures of Plant Hydrolyzable Tannins Reveal Their in Vitro Activity against Egg Hatching and Motility of Haemonchus contortus Nematodes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:840-51. [PMID: 26807485 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b05691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The use of synthetic drugs against gastrointestinal nematodes of ruminants has led to a situation where resistance to anthelmintics is widespread, and there is an urgent need for alternative solutions for parasite control. One promising approach is to use polyphenol-rich bioactive plants in animal feeds as natural anthelmintics. In the present work, the in vitro activity of a series of 33 hydrolyzable tannins (HTs) and their hydrolysis product, gallic acid, against egg hatching and motility of L1 and L2 stage Haemonchus contortus larvae was studied. The effect of the selected compounds on egg and larval structure was further studied by scanning electron microscopy. The results indicated clear relationships between HT structure and anthelmintic activity. While HT size, overall flexibility, the types and numbers of functional groups, together with the linkage types between monomeric HTs affected the activity differently, the optimal structure was found with pentagalloylglucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Engström
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of Turku , FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - M Karonen
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of Turku , FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - J R Ahern
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of Turku , FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - N Baert
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of Turku , FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - B Payré
- Centre de Microscopie Electronique Appliquée à la Biologie, Faculté de Médecine Toulouse Rangueil, Université de Toulouse , 133, route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - H Hoste
- UMR 1225, INRA/DGER, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire Toulouse , 23 Chemin des Capelles, 31076 Toulouse Cedex, France
- ENVT, Université de Toulouse , Toulouse F-31076, France
| | - J-P Salminen
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of Turku , FI-20014 Turku, Finland
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77
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Phenolic Profiling of Duchesnea indica Combining Macroporous Resin Chromatography (MRC) with HPLC-ESI-MS/MS and ESI-IT-MS. Molecules 2015; 20:22463-75. [PMID: 26694333 PMCID: PMC6332051 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201219859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchesnea indica (D. indica) is an important traditional Chinese medicine, and has long been clinically used to treat cancer in Asian countries. It has been described previously as a rich source of phenolic compounds with a broad array of diversified structures, which are the major active ingredients. However, an accurate and complete phenolic profiling has not been determined yet. In the present work, the total phenolic compounds in crude extracts from D. indica were enriched and fractionated over a macroporous resin column, then identified by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS and ESI-IT-MS (ion trap MS). A total of 27 phenolic compounds were identified in D. indica, of which 21 compounds were identified for the first time. These 27 phenolic compounds encompassing four phenolic groups, including ellagitannins, ellagic acid and ellagic acid glycosides, hydroxybenzoic acid and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, and flavonols, were then successfully quantified using peak areas against those of the corresponding standards with good linearity (R² > 0.998) in the range of the tested concentrations. As a result, the contents of individual phenolic compounds varied from 6.69 mg per 100 g dry weight (DW) for ellagic acid to 71.36 mg per 100 g DW for brevifolin carboxylate. Not only did this study provide the first phenolic profiling of D. indica, but both the qualitative identification and the subsequent quantitative analysis of 27 phenolic compounds from D. indica should provide a good basis for future exploration of this valuable medicinal plant.
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Phenolic Compounds and Their Fates In Tropical Lepidopteran Larvae: Modifications In Alkaline Conditions. J Chem Ecol 2015; 41:822-36. [PMID: 26364295 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-015-0620-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Lepidopteran larvae encounter a variety of phenolic compounds while consuming their host plants. Some phenolics may oxidize under alkaline conditions prevailing in the larval guts, and the oxidation products may cause oxidative stress to the larvae. In this study, we aimed to find new ways to predict how phenolic compounds may be modified in the guts of herbivorous larvae. To do so, we studied the ease of oxidation of phenolic compounds from 12 tropical tree species. The leaf extracts were incubated in vitro in alkaline conditions, and the loss of total phenolics during incubation was used to estimate the oxidizability of extracts. The phenolic profiles of the leaf extracts before and after incubation were compared, revealing that some phenolic compounds were depleted during incubation. The leaves of the 12 tree species were each fed to 12 species of lepidopteran larvae that naturally feed on these trees. The phenolic profiles of larval frass were compared to those of in vitro incubated leaf extracts. These comparisons showed that the phenolic profiles of alkali-treated samples and frass samples were similar in many cases. This suggested that certain phenolics, such as ellagitannins, proanthocyanidins, and galloylquinic acid derivatives were modified by the alkaline pH of the larval gut. In other cases, the chromatographic profiles of frass and in vitro incubated leaf extracts were not similar, and new modifications of phenolics were detected in the frass. We conclude that the actual fates of phenolics in vivo are often more complicated than can be predicted by a simple in vitro method.
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