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Oyama T, Yoshimori A, Ogawa H, Shirai Y, Abe H, Kamiya T, Tanuma SI. The structural differences between mushroom and human tyrosinase cleared by investigating the inhibitory activities of stilbenes. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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52
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Chemical Composition and Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activities of Fatty Acids Obtained from Heterotrophic Microalgae, S. limacinum and C. cohnii. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:369-385. [PMID: 36083430 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04143-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosinase is the rate-limiting enzyme for melanin production in plant and mammalian cells. Upregulation of this enzyme results in hyperpigmentation disorders. In order to treat pigmentation problems, novel skin whitening compounds are extremely screened. It is found that fatty acids based on their saturation levels either increase or decrease tyrosinase enzyme activity. Thus, fatty acids and their compositions are promising candidates for the treatment of hyperpigmentation or hypopigmentation disorders. Microalgae are rich in both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, as well. In this study, C. cohnii and S. limacinum fatty acids were evaluated as tyrosinase inhibitor candidates. Mushroom tyrosinase activity studies displayed that both extracts increase tyrosinase enzyme activity dose-dependently. On the other hand, S. limacinum at 200 µg ml-1 concentration almost decreased half of tyrosinase enzyme activity in B16-F10 cells. Besides, it was 3 times more efficient for tyrosinase enzyme activity inhibition and 2 times more effective to decrease melanin synthesis compared to C. cohnii. Considering low toxicity to B16-F10 melanoma and healthy keratinocyte cells (HaCaT), S. limacinum fatty acids could be a suitable source for lipid-based tyrosinase inhibitory functional cosmetics products.
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Application of traditional Chinese medicine as skin depigmentation agents. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12571. [PMID: 36636217 PMCID: PMC9830152 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been frequently used as skin lightning agents. However, the mechanism of action of their effect is unclear. The present study aims to evaluate anti-tyrosinase activity of 10 commonly used TCM on mushroom (ab), human (hs) and mouse melanoma B16F0 (mm) tyrosinase (TYR) respectively. The results showed that at 1.0 mg/mL, extracts from Rosa rugosa Thumb, Morus alba L. and Paeonia lactiflora Pall were active against both abTYR and hsTYR (>50% inhibition), extracts from Bletilla striata (Thunb.) Rchb. F., Centella asiatica (L.) Urb, Cynanchum atratum L., Rosa canina L., Rhus chinensis Mill. and Glycyrrhiza urolensis Fisch. Ex DC. inhibited either abTYR or hsTYR (>50%), while extract from Tribulus terrestris L. had no/minimal activity (<10% inhibition). When treated with melanoma B16F0 cells, M. alba also significantly reduced mmTYR activity (70% at 250 μg/mL) and melanin content (50% at 250 μg/mL). These findings demonstrated inhibitory effects of 9 TCM against TYR and hence support their application as skin lightning agents. Our results also showed discrepancies in TYR activity from different sources, suggesting a testing regime of combining abTYR, hsTYR and mmTYR when developing depigmentation agents for human application.
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Yap PG, Gan CY, Naharudin I, Wong TW. Effect of Chicken Egg White-Derived Peptide and Hydrolysates on Abnormal Skin Pigmentation during Wound Recovery. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 28:molecules28010092. [PMID: 36615286 PMCID: PMC9822140 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal skin pigmentation commonly occurs during the wound healing process due to the overproduction of melanin. Chicken egg white (CEW) has long been used to improve skin health. Previous published works had found CEW proteins house bioactive peptides that inhibit tyrosinase, the key enzyme of melanogenesis. The current study aimed to evaluate the anti-pigmentation potential and mechanism of the CEW-derived peptide (GYSLGNWVCAAK) and hydrolysates (CEWHmono and CEWHdi), using a cell-based model. All of these peptide and hydrolysates inhibited intracellular tyrosinase activity and melanin level up to 45.39 ± 1.31 and 70.01 ± 1.00%, respectively. GYSLGNWVCAAK and CEWHdi reduced intracellular cAMP levels by 13.38 ± 3.65 and 14.55 ± 2.82%, respectively; however, CEWHmono did not affect cAMP level. Moreover, the hydrolysates downregulated the mRNA expression of melanogenesis-related genes, such as Mitf, Tyr, Trp-1 and Trp-2, but GYSLGNWVCAAK only suppressed Tyr gene expression. Downregulation of the genes may lower the catalytic activities and/or affect the structural stability of TYR, TRP-1 and TRP-2; thus, impeding melanogenesis to cause an anti-pigmentation effect in the cell. Outcomes from the current study could serve as the starting point to understand the underlying complex, multifaceted melanogenesis regulatory mechanism at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Gee Yap
- Analytical Biochemistry Research Centre (ABrC), Universiti Sains Malaysia, University Innovation Incubator Building, SAINS@USM Campus, Lebuh Bukit Jambul, Bayan Lepas 11900, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Chee-Yuen Gan
- Analytical Biochemistry Research Centre (ABrC), Universiti Sains Malaysia, University Innovation Incubator Building, SAINS@USM Campus, Lebuh Bukit Jambul, Bayan Lepas 11900, Penang, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +604-653-4206
| | - Idanawati Naharudin
- Non-Destructive Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Centre, Smart Manufacturing Research Institute, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, Puncak Alam 42300, Selangor, Malaysia
- Particle Design Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, Puncak Alam 42300, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Tin-Wui Wong
- Non-Destructive Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Centre, Smart Manufacturing Research Institute, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, Puncak Alam 42300, Selangor, Malaysia
- Particle Design Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, Puncak Alam 42300, Selangor, Malaysia
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55
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Bouhoute M, Amen Y, Bejaoui M, Mizushima AKO, Shimizu K, Isoda H. New Butyroside D from Argan Press Cake Possess Anti-Melanogenesis Effect via MITF Downregulation in B16F10 and HEM Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416021. [PMID: 36555664 PMCID: PMC9785346 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperpigmentation is a skin condition where patches of skin become darker in color due to excess melanin production upon UV exposure leading to melasma, which are lentigines or post inflammatory hyperpigmentation that psychologically affecting a great number of people. The present study investigates the anti-melanogenic effect of Butyroside D and the underling mechanism. After the confirmation of the non-cytotoxic effect of Butyroside D on B16F10 cells, we proceeded with analyzing the impact of the treatment at low and high concentration (i.e., 0.2 μM and 2 μM) using gene profiling analysis and examined the differentiation in gene expression. Our results identify cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), Wnt/β-catenin and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways to be downregulated upon treatment with Butyroside D. These pathways were targeted to further validate the effect of Butyroside D on membrane receptors melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) and receptor tyrosine kinase (c-Kit), related microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and consequently tyrosinase (TYR), and tyrosine-related protein-1 (TYRP-1) that were all shown to be downregulated and, therefore, leading to the repression of melanin biosynthesis. Finally, the anti-melanogenic effect of Butyroside D was confirmed on human epidermal melanocytes (HEM) cells by inhibiting the activation of cAMP pathway generally mediated through α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) and MC1R. Overall, this study suggests the potential applicability of this purified compound for the prevention of hyperpigmentation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryem Bouhoute
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-0006, Japan
| | - Yhiya Amen
- Department of Agro-Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Meriem Bejaoui
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-0006, Japan
- Research and Development Center for Tailor-Made QOL Program, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8550, Japan
| | - Aprill Kee Oliva Mizushima
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-0006, Japan
- Research and Development Center for Tailor-Made QOL Program, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8550, Japan
| | - Kuniyoshi Shimizu
- Department of Agro-Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hiroko Isoda
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-0006, Japan
- Research and Development Center for Tailor-Made QOL Program, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8550, Japan
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
- Correspondence:
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56
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Calixbenoquin: Calixarene-Based Cluster of Monobenzone as a New Anti-Tyrosinase Agent. Pharm Chem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-022-02777-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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57
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Duarte Ortin GG, Salles AG. Persulfate-promoted synthesis of biphenyl compounds in water from biomass-derived triacetic acid lactone. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:9292-9297. [PMID: 36394507 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01900k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A metal-free, persulfate-promoted route in water to access substituted biphenyl compounds is described. In our approach, the biomass-derived triacetic acid lactone (TAL) and phenylacetylenes are employed to generate targeted products in high yields and regioselectivity. The present method contributes to the green synthesis initiative to harness renewable biomass-derived compounds in environmentally friendly methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilberto G Duarte Ortin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, P.O. Box 6154, Campinas, SP 13084-862, Brazil.
| | - Airton G Salles
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, P.O. Box 6154, Campinas, SP 13084-862, Brazil.
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58
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Han C, Lin B, Huang X, Mao Z, Kong X, Fang L, Xue P, Wang A, Zhang F. Quinoa husk peptides reduce melanin content via Akt signaling and apoptosis pathways. iScience 2022; 26:105721. [PMID: 36582825 PMCID: PMC9793265 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To improve the treatment of pigmentation disorders, looking for natural and safe inhibitors of melanin synthesis has become an area of research interest. The quinoa husk peptides reportedly elicit various biological activities (e.g., anti-cancer, antioxidant, anti-hypertensive, and so forth), but its effects on melanin inhibition remain unknown. In the current study, we purified quinoa husk peptides with 30 and 80% ethanol using a macroporous adsorption resin (DA201-C). Component screening revealed that the 80%-ethanol fraction (i.e., QHP fraction) contained numerous short peptides (84.41%) and hydrophobic amino acids (45.60%), while eliciting a superior tyrosinase [TYR]-inhibition rate, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazil-scavenging rate, reducing activity, and chelating capacity compared to the 30% fraction and was thus applied in subsequent analyses. Differentially expressed genes in the QHP fraction were primarily enriched in the Akt-signaling pathways based on transcriptomics. Thus, we assessed the expression of related proteins and genes in A375 cells and rat skin cells following treatment with QHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caijing Han
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053 Shandong, China
| | - Bingjie Lin
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053 Shandong, China
| | - Xinyu Huang
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053 Shandong, China
| | - Zhaojie Mao
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053 Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoting Kong
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053 Shandong, China
| | - Lei Fang
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053 Shandong, China
| | - Peng Xue
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053 Shandong, China
| | - Anning Wang
- Neurology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University (Weifang People’s Hospital), Weifang, 261000 Shandong, China
- Corresponding author
| | - Fengxiang Zhang
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053 Shandong, China
- Corresponding author
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59
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Jeon G, Choi H, Park DJ, Nguyen NT, Kim YH, Min J. Melanin Treatment Effect of Vacuoles-Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Combined with Ascorbic Acid. Mol Biotechnol 2022:10.1007/s12033-022-00608-8. [PMID: 36445610 PMCID: PMC9707414 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-022-00608-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Currently, ascorbic acid (AA) is widely used as a skin whitening material, but, AA, an unstable hydrophilic molecule, cannot penetrate the skin easily, due to the hydrophobic character of the stratum corneum. Therefore, we conjugated AA with hydrated zinc oxide-an inorganic matrix with positive surface charge, to improve the stability of AA. The metal-conjugated-ascorbic acid (ZnAA) was then combined with yeast vacuole through the vacuolar membrane proteins that relate to metal transportation to create an enhanced vacuole that contained ZnAA. The characteristics of vacuole with ZnAA (ZnAA_Vac) were next examined by various tests that included X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. Furthermore, the ability of ZnAA_Vac to degrade melanin was confirmed in both melanoma cell line B16F10, and the artificial human skin MelanoDerm. The results showed that ZnAA_Vac possessed a higher depigmenting effect than the wild-type vacuole or ascorbic acid by reducing 75% of melanin color. Interestingly, ZnAA_Vac was found to be harmless, and did not cause any cytotoxicity to the cells. Overall, ZnAA_Vac is expected to provide a robust, harmless, and effective whitening agent for the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyeongchan Jeon
- Graduate School of Semiconductor and Chemical Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-Daero, Deokjin-Gu, Jeonju-Si, Jeollabuk-do 54896 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyojin Choi
- Graduate School of Semiconductor and Chemical Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-Daero, Deokjin-Gu, Jeonju-Si, Jeollabuk-do 54896 Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Jun Park
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | - Ngoc-Tu Nguyen
- Center for Ecology and Environmental Toxicology (CEET), Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-Ro, Seowon-Gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk-Do 28644 South Korea
| | - Yang-Hoon Kim
- Center for Ecology and Environmental Toxicology (CEET), Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-Ro, Seowon-Gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk-Do 28644 South Korea
- School of Biological Science, Chungbuk National University, Chungdae-Ro 1, Seowon-Gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk-do 28644 Republic of Korea
| | - Jiho Min
- Graduate School of Semiconductor and Chemical Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-Daero, Deokjin-Gu, Jeonju-Si, Jeollabuk-do 54896 Republic of Korea
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60
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Oh SJ, Park JY, Won B, Oh YT, Yang SC, Shin OS. Asterias pectinifera-Derived Collagen Peptides Mixed with Halocynthia roretzi Extracts Exhibit Anti-Photoaging Activities during Exposure to UV Irradiation, and Antibacterial Properties. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 32:1382-1389. [PMID: 36330743 PMCID: PMC9720080 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2207.07018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Asterias pectinifera, a species of starfish and cause of concern in the aquaculture industry, was recently identified as a source of non-toxic and highly water-soluble collagen peptides. In this study, we investigated the antioxidant and anti-photoaging functions of compounds formulated using collagen peptides from extracts of Asterias pectinifera and Halocynthia roretzi (AH). Our results showed that AH compounds have various skin protective functions, including antioxidant effects, determined by measuring the scavenging activity of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals, as well as anti-melanogenic effects, determined by measuring tyrosinase inhibition activity. To determine whether ethosome-encapsulated AH compounds (E(AH)) exert ultraviolet (UV)-protective effects, human dermal fibroblasts or keratinocytes were incubated with E(AH) before and after exposure to UVA or UVB. E(AH) treatment led to inhibition of photoaging-induced secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-1 and interleukin-6 and -8, which are associated with inflammatory responses during UV irradiation. Finally, the antibacterial effects of AH and E(AH) were confirmed against both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Our results indicate that E(AH) has the potential for use in the development of cosmetics with a range of skin protective functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Jin Oh
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Ye Park
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Bada Won
- R&D Center, Star's Tech Co., Ltd., Seoul 08389, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Taek Oh
- R&D Center, Star's Tech Co., Ltd., Seoul 08389, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Chan Yang
- R&D Center, Star's Tech Co., Ltd., Seoul 08389, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok Sarah Shin
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author Phone: +82-2-2626-3280 E-mail:
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61
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Cao S, Wang D, Cheng R, Shi W, Zhang Q, Zeng H, Chen J. Modulation of the lipophilicity and molecular size of thiosemicarbazone inhibitors to regulate tyrosinase activity. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 281:121590. [PMID: 35850043 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A group of 5-methylsalicylaldehyde thiosemicarbazone derivatives (HMTs) bearing different lipophilic and steric substituents attached at the 3-position of cresol ring were synthesized and investigated as mushroom tyrosinase (TYR) inhibitors. The ability of HMTs to inhibit the diphenolase activity of TYR was evaluated with L-DOPA as substrate by determining IC50 values in relation to their structure modifications. HMTs displayed distinct inhibitory competencies towards TYR activity with IC50 values in the range of 1.02-143.56 μM. A close correlation between their inhibition potency and both lipophilicity and molecular size was observed. The inhibitory effect of the hydroxyethyl-containing derivatives was much higher than the hydroxyethyl-free ones overall. Among them, HMT-NBO exhibited the most potent effect with IC50 of 5.85 μM, which was nearly 25-fold and 3.8-fold lower than its parent HMT-NBE and the control kojic acid, respectively. The hydroxyethyl clearly benefited the improvement of the inhibitory competences and acted as a regulating group of lipophilicity of the inhibitors. The kinetic analyses showed that HMTs were reversible and mixed type inhibitors against mushroom TYR. The inhibition mechanism was studied by means of fluorescence spectroscopy, FT-IR, ESI-MS and molecular docking analysis. The results indicated that the observed inhibitory effect of HMTs was accomplished by acting on the amino acid residues rather than by chelating the centre copper ions of TYR. Each of HMTs can insert the hydrophobic pocket and interact with the residues of TYR through Van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonds, with additional electrostatic interactions for HMT-NEE and HMT-NEO further strengthening the affinity. Meanwhile, the inhibitors were observed to bind with L-DOPA or/and L-DOPAquinone forming 1:1 stoichiometric complexes, probably exerting indirect inhibition against TYR activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhong Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Jianjun East Rd. 211, Yancheng 224051, PR China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Industrial Technology Research Academy, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Jianjun East Rd. 211, Yancheng 224051, PR China
| | - Run Cheng
- Industrial Technology Research Academy, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Jianjun East Rd. 211, Yancheng 224051, PR China
| | - Wenyan Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Jianjun East Rd. 211, Yancheng 224051, PR China
| | - Qinfang Zhang
- Industrial Technology Research Academy, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Jianjun East Rd. 211, Yancheng 224051, PR China.
| | - Huajin Zeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Industrial Technology Research Academy, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Jianjun East Rd. 211, Yancheng 224051, PR China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Jianjun East Rd. 211, Yancheng 224051, PR China.
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62
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Mirabile S, Germanò MP, Fais A, Lombardo L, Ricci F, Floris S, Cacciola A, Rapisarda A, Gitto R, De Luca L. Design, Synthesis, and in Vitro Evaluation of 4-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)piperazine-Based Compounds Targeting Tyrosinase. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202200305. [PMID: 36093940 PMCID: PMC9828493 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Melanin biosynthesis is enzymatically regulated by tyrosinase (TYR, EC 1.14.18.1), which is efficiently inhibited by natural and synthetic phenols, demonstrating potential therapeutic application for the treatment of several human diseases. Herein we report the inhibitory effects of a series of (4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl)arylmethanone derivatives, that were designed, synthesised and assayed against TYR from Agaricus bisporus (AbTYR). The best inhibitory activity was predominantly found for compounds bearing selected hydrophobic ortho-substituents on the aroyl moiety (IC50 values in the range of 1.5-4.6 μM). They proved to be more potent than the reference compound kojic acid (IC50 =17.8 μM) and displayed competitive mechanism of inhibition of diphenolase activity of AbTYR. Docking simulation predicted their binding mode into the catalytic cavities of AbTYR and the modelled human TYR. In addition, these compounds displayed antioxidant activity combined with no cytotoxicity in MTT tests. Notably, the best inhibitor affected tyrosinase activity in α-MSH-stimulated B16F10 cells, thus demonstrating anti-melanogenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Mirabile
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental SciencesUniversity of MessinaViale Stagno D'Alcontres 31, Pole Papardo98166MessinaItaly,Foundation Prof. Antonio ImbesiUniversity of MessinaPiazza Pugliatti 198122MessinaItaly
| | - Maria Paola Germanò
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental SciencesUniversity of MessinaViale Stagno D'Alcontres 31, Pole Papardo98166MessinaItaly
| | - Antonella Fais
- Department of Life and Environment SciencesUniversity of Cagliari09042MonserratoCagliariItaly
| | - Lisa Lombardo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental SciencesUniversity of MessinaViale Stagno D'Alcontres 31, Pole Papardo98166MessinaItaly
| | - Federico Ricci
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental SciencesUniversity of MessinaViale Stagno D'Alcontres 31, Pole Papardo98166MessinaItaly
| | - Sonia Floris
- Department of Life and Environment SciencesUniversity of Cagliari09042MonserratoCagliariItaly
| | - Anna Cacciola
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental SciencesUniversity of MessinaViale Stagno D'Alcontres 31, Pole Papardo98166MessinaItaly,Foundation Prof. Antonio ImbesiUniversity of MessinaPiazza Pugliatti 198122MessinaItaly
| | - Antonio Rapisarda
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental SciencesUniversity of MessinaViale Stagno D'Alcontres 31, Pole Papardo98166MessinaItaly
| | - Rosaria Gitto
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental SciencesUniversity of MessinaViale Stagno D'Alcontres 31, Pole Papardo98166MessinaItaly
| | - Laura De Luca
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental SciencesUniversity of MessinaViale Stagno D'Alcontres 31, Pole Papardo98166MessinaItaly
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63
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Liu F, Qu L, Li H, He J, Wang L, Fang Y, Yan X, Yang Q, Peng B, Wu W, Jin L, Sun D. Advances in Biomedical Functions of Natural Whitening Substances in the Treatment of Skin Pigmentation Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2308. [PMID: 36365128 PMCID: PMC9697978 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pigmentation diseases can lead to significant color differences between the affected part and the normal part, resulting in severe psychological and emotional distress among patients. The treatment of pigmentation diseases with good patient compliance is mainly in the form of topical drugs. However, conventional hydroquinone therapy contributes to several pathological conditions, such as erythema, dryness, and skin desquamation, and requires a longer treatment time to show significant results. To address these shortcomings, natural whitening substances represented by kojic acid and arbutin have gradually become the candidate ingredients of traditional local preparations due to their excellent biological safety. This review focuses on several natural whitening substances with potential therapeutic effects in pigmentation disease and their mechanisms, and a thorough discussion has been conducted into the solution methods for the challenges involved in the practical application of natural whitening substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Liu
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Linkai Qu
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Hua Li
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Jiaxuan He
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yimeng Fang
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Xiaoqing Yan
- Chinese–American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Qinsi Yang
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Libo Jin
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Da Sun
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Wenzhou City and Kunlong Technology Co., Ltd. Joint Doctoral Innovation Station, Wenzhou Association for Science and Technology, Wenzhou 325000, China
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Yang SS, Chen YF, Ko HH, Wu HC, Hsieh SY, Wu MD, Cheng MJ, Chang HS. Undescribed alkyne-geranylcyclohexenetriols from the endophyte Diaporthe caulivora 09F0132 and their anti-melanogenic activity. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 202:113312. [PMID: 35830940 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To explore valuable endophytic fungus from Formosan Lauraceous plants as natural medicinal products, the fungus, Diaporthe caulivora isolated from leaves of Neolitsea daibuensis, was investigated. Through a thorough investigation of the ethanolic extract of the solid fermentation of D. caulivora 09F0132, six undescribed alkyne-geranylcyclohexenetriols, caulivotrioloxins A-F, one undescribed trichopyrone, diapopyrone, two undescribed sesquiterpenes, caulibysins A-B, one compound firstly isolated from the natural source, 3-O-desmethyl phomentrioloxin, and eight known compounds have been successfully identified. The absolute configuration of caulibysin A was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and those of (3R,8S)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-(1-hydroxyethyl)phthalide and (3S,8S)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-(1-hydroxyethyl)phthalide were determined by circular dichroism (CD) spectra. Among the isolated compounds, caulivotrioloxin A concentration-dependently decreased the cellular melanin contents and tyrosinase activities in mouse melanoma B16-F10 cells, suggesting the anti-melanogenic potentials. The anti-melanogenic effects of caulivotrioloxin A involved the decrease in the protein expressions of melanogenic enzymes, including tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-1, and TRP-2. Taken together, these results suggested that the isolates from D. caulivora could be served as natural melanogenesis inhibitors for cosmeceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuen-Shin Yang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Fung Chen
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan; Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan; Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Huey Ko
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan; Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan; Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ho-Cheng Wu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Yuan Hsieh
- Bioresource Collection and Research Center, Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Der Wu
- Bioresource Collection and Research Center, Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jen Cheng
- Bioresource Collection and Research Center, Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan.
| | - Hsun-Shuo Chang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan; Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan; Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
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Ko J, Lee J, Jung HJ, Ullah S, Jeong Y, Hong S, Kang MK, Park YJ, Hwang Y, Kang D, Park Y, Chun P, Yoo JW, Chung HY, Moon HR. Design and Synthesis of (Z)-5-(Substituted benzylidene)-3-cyclohexyl-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one Analogues as Anti-Tyrosinase and Antioxidant Compounds: In Vitro and In Silico Insights. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11101918. [PMID: 36290640 PMCID: PMC9598926 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Many compounds containing the β-phenyl-α,β-unsaturated carbonyl (PUSC) scaffold, including cinnamamide derivatives, have been shown to inhibit tyrosinase potently in vitro and in vivo. Structural changes to cinnamamide derivatives were produced by adding a dithionate functional group to provide eight (Z)-5-(substituted benzylidene)-3-cyclohexyl-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one analogs with high log p values for skin. These analogs were synthesized using a two-step reaction, and their stereochemistry was confirmed using the 3JC4-Hβ values of C4 measured in proton-coupled 13C mode. Analogs 2 (IC50 = 5.21 ± 0.86 µM) and 3 (IC50 = 1.03 ± 0.14 µM) more potently inhibited mushroom tyrosinase than kojic acid (IC50 = 25.26 ± 1.10 µM). Docking results showed 2 binds strongly to the active site of tyrosinase, while 3 binds strongly to an allosteric site. Kinetic studies using l-tyrosine as substrate indicated 2 and 3 competitively and non-competitively inhibit tyrosinase, respectively, which was supported by our docking results. In B16F10 cells, 3 significantly and concentration-dependently reduced α–MSH plus IBMX induced increases in cellular tyrosinase activity and melanin production and the similarity between these inhibitory patterns implied that the anti-melanogenic effect of 3 might be due to its tyrosinase-inhibitory ability. In addition, 2 and 3 exhibited strong antioxidant effects; for example, they reduced ROS and ONOO– levels and exhibited radical scavenging activities, suggesting that these effects might underlie their anti-melanogenic effects. Furthermore, 3 suppressed the expressions of melanogenesis-associated proteins and genes in B16F10 cells. These results suggest (Z)-5-(substituted benzylidene)-3-cyclohexyl-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one analogs offer a means of producing novel anti-melanogenesis agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongin Ko
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Jieun Lee
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Hee Jin Jung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Sultan Ullah
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Yeongmu Jeong
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Sojeong Hong
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Min Kyung Kang
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Yu Jung Park
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - YeJi Hwang
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Dongwan Kang
- New Drug Development Center, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Korea
| | - Yujin Park
- New Drug Development Center, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Korea
| | - Pusoon Chun
- College of Pharmacy and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea
| | - Jin-Wook Yoo
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Hyung Ryong Moon
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
- Correspondence:
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Liu R, Meng X, Mo C, Wei X, Ma A. Melanin of fungi: from classification to application. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:228. [PMID: 36149606 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03415-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Melanin is a secondary metabolite composed of complex heterogeneous polymers. Fungal melanin is considered to be a sustainable and biodegradable natural pigment and has a variety of functional properties and biological activities. On one hand, due to its own specific properties it can play the role of antioxidant, anti-radiation, adsorption, and photoprotection. On the other hand, it has good biological activities such as hepatoprotective effect, hypolipidemic effect and anti-cancer. Therefore, it is widely used in various fields of daily life, including dyeing, food, biomedical and commercial industry. It is conducive to environmental protection and human health. However, the insolubility of fungal melanin in water, acids and organic solvents has been an obstacle to its commercial applications. Thus, the chemical modification methods of fungal melanin are summarized to increase its solubility and expand the application fields. Although fungal melanin has been used in many industries, as the structure and function of fungal melanin and modified melanin are further studied, more functional properties and bioactivities are expected to be discovered for a wide range of applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruofan Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Xianfu Meng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Cuiyuan Mo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuetuan Wei
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Aimin Ma
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Microbial Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, 430070, Wuhan, China.
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Arshad R, Khan MA, Mutahir S, Hussain S, Al-Hazmi GH, Refat MS. DFT, Molecular Docking and ADME Studies of Thiazolidinones as Tyrosinase Inhibitors. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2124286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raqeeba Arshad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sialkot, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asim Khan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sialkot, Sialkot, Pakistan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Sadaf Mutahir
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sialkot, Sialkot, Pakistan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Sufyan Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sialkot, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Ghaferah H. Al-Hazmi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moamen S. Refat
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
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Amaral LM, Moniz T, Leite A, Oliveira A, Fernandes P, Ramos MJ, Araújo AN, Freitas M, Fernandes E, Rangel M. A combined experimental and computational study to discover novel tyrosinase inhibitors. J Inorg Biochem 2022; 234:111879. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.111879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Antioxidant and Anti-Melanogenesis Effects of Colloidal Gold Camellia sinensis L. Extracts. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175593. [PMID: 36080359 PMCID: PMC9457959 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Green tea extract derived from the leaves of Camellia sinensis L. (CS), is a representative beverage with antioxidant, anti-cancer, and anti-viral properties. CS extract is also used in cosmetics. Colloidal gold is generally a sol or colloidal suspension of gold nanoparticles in water. Colloidal gold green tea (CGCS), cultivated as a fertilizer using this colloidal gold solution, contains gold minerals and possesses anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and anti-tumor properties. However, the skin bioactivity of CGCS has not yet been investigated. In this study, we investigated the effect of the CGCS extract on skin whitening. CGCS extract contained high levels of phenols and flavonoids and displayed 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity in a concentration-dependent manner. CGCS extract inhibited melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity in B16F10 cells more effectively than the CS extract. Moreover, the CGCS extract decreased the expression levels of the melanogenesis-related proteins, tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related proteins (TRPs), and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF). In conclusion, our study showed that the CGCS extract inhibits the expression of tyrosinase, TRP-1, and TRP-2 via the downregulation of MITF, thereby inhibiting melanin synthesis. Therefore, CGCS can potentially be used as a skin-whitening ingredient in the cosmetic industry.
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Miyasaka K, Manse Y, Yoneda A, Takeda S, Shimizu N, Yamada W, Morikawa T, Shimoda H. Anti‐melanogenic effects of glucosylceramides and elasticamide derived from rice oil by‐products in melanoma cells, melanocytes, and human skin. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14353. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoshiaki Manse
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute Kindai University Higashi‐osaka Japan
| | - Akari Yoneda
- Oryza Oil & Fat Chemical Co., Ltd. Ichinomiya Japan
| | - Shogo Takeda
- Oryza Oil & Fat Chemical Co., Ltd. Ichinomiya Japan
| | | | - Wakana Yamada
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute Kindai University Higashi‐osaka Japan
| | - Toshio Morikawa
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute Kindai University Higashi‐osaka Japan
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Bodurlar Y, Caliskan M. Inhibitory activity of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) Cell Culture Extract on tyrosinase activity and melanin formation in alpha-melanocyte stimulating Hormone-Induced B16-F10 melanoma cells. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:7827-7836. [PMID: 35733058 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07608-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperpigmentation, which causes excessive melanin synthesis and accumulation, is an important issue in the cosmetic industry. Since compounds developed against hyperpigmentation often come with side effects such as skin irritation and contact dermatitis, new studies focus on the use of natural agents that have no side effects. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, it was found that the effects of soybean cell culture extract (SCE) on alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) induced melanogenesis in B16-F10 murine melanoma cells. The cells were incubated with SCE for 48 h after treatment with α‑MSH for 24 h to analysis the melanin content, cellular tyrosinase activity, and gene and protein expression. SCE at 1 mg/mL decreased melanin content and tyrosinase activity by 34% and 24%, respectively, compared to the α-MSH-treated group, which did not decrease cell viability. In addition, SCE (1 mg/mL) downregulated the expression of tyrosinase (TYR), tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-1, tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-2, and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) genes 1.5-, 1.5-, 2-, and 2-fold, respectively. Furthermore, SCE inhibited the expression of TYR, TRP1, and TRP2 by decreasing the expression of MITF, as shown in a western blot assay. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that SCE reveals dose-dependent inhibition of melanin synthesis through the suppression of tyrosinase activity as well as molecular levels of TYR, TRP1, TRP2, and MITF in B16-F10 murine melanoma cells. Therefore, SCE has the potential to be an effective and natural skin-whitening agent for application in the cosmetic industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yildiz Bodurlar
- R&D department, ACTV Biotechnology Lab. Ind. and Trade Inc. Comp, 34197, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Mahmut Caliskan
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Biotechnology Division, Istanbul University, 34452, Istanbul, Turkey
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Tarasek D, Wojtasek H. Rifampicin is not an inhibitor of tyrosinase. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 216:830-835. [PMID: 35914550 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Rifampicin has been previously described as an inhibitor of tyrosinase (Chai et al., Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 102 (2017) 425-430). However, rifampicin contains a p-diphenol group and compounds with such a moiety have been shown before to reduce tyrosinase-generated o-quinones. Rifampicin also shows strong absorption in a region completely overlapping with the visible absorption band of dopachrome, the oxidation product of L-tyrosine and L-dopa, whose concentration is measured spectrophotometrically in the standard enzymatic assay to monitor the activity of tyrosinase. We have demonstrated that rifampicin is also rapidly oxidized by o-quinones generated from catechols by tyrosinase or by treatment with sodium periodate. Smaller changes of absorbance at 475 nm during oxidation of L-dopa by tyrosinase in the presence of rifampicin do not result from enzyme inhibition but from oxidation of rifampicin by dopaquinone, which leads to rapid decrease of rifampicin absorption in this range. The actual reaction rates are not affected, which we have demonstrated by measurements of oxygen consumption. Rifampicin behaves therefore as other compounds with reducing properties, such as ascorbic acid, hydroquinone, hydrazine derivatives, and flavonoids, some of which have also been incorrectly described before as inhibitors of tyrosinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Tarasek
- Institute of Chemistry, Opole University, Ul. Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland
| | - Hubert Wojtasek
- Institute of Chemistry, Opole University, Ul. Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland.
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Li Z, Zhao P, Song S, Huang X. Chiral resolution of racemic phenylpropanoids with tyrosinase inhibitory activities from the fruits of
Crataegus pinnatifida
Bge. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14304. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi‐Yuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry‐Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang China
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine Active Molecule Research & Development Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Bioactive Compounds Discovery & Modification Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang China
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry‐Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang China
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine Active Molecule Research & Development Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Bioactive Compounds Discovery & Modification Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang China
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang China
| | - Shao‐jiang Song
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry‐Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang China
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine Active Molecule Research & Development Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Bioactive Compounds Discovery & Modification Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang China
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang China
| | - Xiao‐Xiao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry‐Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang China
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine Active Molecule Research & Development Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Bioactive Compounds Discovery & Modification Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang China
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang China
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Lee KW, Kim M, Lee SH, Kim KD. The Function of Autophagy as a Regulator of Melanin Homeostasis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132085. [PMID: 35805169 PMCID: PMC9265842 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanosomes are melanocyte-specific organelles that protect cells from ultraviolet (UV)-induced deoxyribonucleic acid damage through the production and accumulation of melanin and are transferred from melanocytes to keratinocytes. The relatively well-known process by which melanin is synthesized from melanocytes is known as melanogenesis. The relationship between melanogenesis and autophagy is attracting the attention of researchers because proteins associated with autophagy, such as WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 1, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3, autophagy-related (ATG)7, ATG4, beclin-1, and UV-radiation resistance-associated gene, contribute to the melanogenesis signaling pathway. Additionally, there are reports that some compounds used as whitening cosmetics materials induce skin depigmentation through autophagy. Thus, the possibility that autophagy is involved in the removal of melanin has been suggested. To date, however, there is a lack of data on melanosome autophagy and its underlying mechanism. This review highlights the importance of autophagy in melanin homeostasis by providing an overview of melanogenesis, autophagy, the autophagy machinery involved in melanogenesis, and natural compounds that induce autophagy-mediated depigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Won Lee
- PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea;
| | - Minju Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (M.K.); (S.H.L.)
| | - Si Hyeon Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (M.K.); (S.H.L.)
| | - Kwang Dong Kim
- PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea;
- Division of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (M.K.); (S.H.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-55-772-1365; Fax: +82-55-772-1359
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Abstract
This article reviews the use of Kojic Acid (KA) as a skin-lightening ingredient in the cosmetics industry. In 1907, Saito discovered KA, a natural product; it has since become one of the most investigated skin-lightening agents. This paper highlights the findings of the research conducted on this agent. It has been found that KA has certain disadvantages, and researchers have attempted to mitigate these disadvantages by designing new equivalents of KA that are more efficient in tyrosinase inhibition. These equivalents are also safe to use and have improved properties and solubility. The Cosmeceutical Ingredient Review (CIR) indicates that this ingredient can be safely used at a concentration not higher than 1% due to its cytotoxicity. Other scientific data also support its safety at a concentration of 2% or less. It was shown to be helpful in the treatment of hyper pigmentary disorders, such as freckles, age spots, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, and melasma, which has been proven clinically.
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76
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Ghani U. Azole inhibitors of mushroom and human tyrosinases: Current advances and prospects of drug development for melanogenic dermatological disorders. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 239:114525. [PMID: 35717871 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Azoles are a famous and promising class of drugs for treatment of a range of ailments especially fungal infections. A wide variety of azole derivatives are also known to exhibit tyrosinase inhibition, some of which possess promising activity with potential for treatment of dermatological disorders such as post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, nevus, flecks, melasma, and melanoma. Recently, thiazolyl-resorcinol derivatives have demonstrated potent human tyrosinase inhibition with a safe and effective therapeutic profile for treatment of skin hyperpigmentation in humans, which are currently under clinical trials. If approved these derivatives would be the first azole drugs to be used for treatment of skin hyperpigmentation. Although the scientific literature has been witnessing general reviews on tyrosinase inhibitors to date, there is none that specifically and comprehensively discusses azole inhibitors of tyrosinase. Appreciating such potential of azoles, this focused review highlights a wide range of their derivatives with promising mushroom and human tyrosinase inhibitory activities and clinical potential for treatment of melanogenic dermatological disorders. Presently, these disorders have been treated with kojic acid, hydroquinone and other drugs, the design and development of which are based on their ability to inhibit mushroom tyrosinase. The active sites of mushroom and human tyrosinases carry structural differences which affect substrate or inhibitor binding. For this reason, kojic acid and other drugs pose efficacy and safety issues since they were originally developed using mushroom tyrosinase and have been clinically used on human tyrosinase. Design and development of tyrosinase inhibitors should be based on human tyrosinase, however, there are challenges in obtaining the human enzyme and understanding its structure and function. The review discusses these challenges that encompass structural and functional differences between mushroom and human tyrosinases and the manner in which they are inhibited. The review also gauges promising azole derivatives with potential for development of drugs against skin hyperpigmentation by analyzing and comparing their tyrosinase inhibitory activities against mushroom and human tyrosinases, computational data, and clinical profile where available. It aims to lay groundwork for development of new azole drugs for treatment of skin hyperpigmentation, melanoma, and related dermatological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Ghani
- Clinical Biochemistry Unit, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 12372, Saudi Arabia.
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77
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Hajimiri M, Khosravikia M, Khoshneviszadeh M, Pedrood K, Hosseini SZ, Asgari MS, Pirhadi S, Attarroshan M, Mobaraki K, Hosseini S, Behnammanesh H, Biglar M, Karimian S, Rastegar H, Hamedifar H, Larijani B, Mahdavi M, Iraji A. Rational Design, Synthesis, in Vitro, and in Silico Studies of Chlorophenylquinazolin-4(3H)-One Containing Different Aryl Acetohydrazides as Tyrosinase Inhibitors. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202100964. [PMID: 35675562 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosinase plays a pivotal role in the hyperpigmentation and enzymatic browning of fruit and vegetable. Therefore, tyrosinase inhibitors can be of interest in industries as depigmentation compounds as well as anti-browning agents. In the present study, a series of chlorophenylquinazolin-4(3H)-one derivative were rationally designed and synthesized. The formation of target compounds was confirmed by spectral characterization techniques such as IR, 1 H-NMR, 13 C-NMR, and elemental analysis. Among the synthesized derivatives, compound 8l was proved to be the most potent inhibitor with an IC50 value of 25.48±1.19 μM. Furthermore, the results of the molecular docking study showed that this compound fitted well in the active site of tyrosinase with the binding score of -10.72.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirhamed Hajimiri
- CinnaGen Medical Biotechnology Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khosravikia
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khoshneviszadeh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Keyvan Pedrood
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Zahra Hosseini
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Somayeh Pirhadi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahshid Attarroshan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Koroush Mobaraki
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samanesadat Hosseini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Behnammanesh
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Biglar
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Karimian
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hossein Rastegar
- Cosmetic Products Research Center, Iranian Food and Drug Administration, MOHE, Tehran, Iran
| | - Haleh Hamedifar
- CinnaGen Medical Biotechnology Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdavi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aida Iraji
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Central Research Laboratory, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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78
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Satooka H, Kubo I. Prooxidative effect of cardols is involved in their cytotoxic activity against murine B16–F10 melanoma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 609:105-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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79
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Kose A, Oncel SS. Design of melanogenesis regulatory peptides derived from phycocyanin of the microalgae Spirulina platensis. Peptides 2022; 152:170783. [PMID: 35278583 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2022.170783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pigmentation issues are common conditions associated with excessive or insufficient production of melanin. Recently peptides are investigated to discover novel melanogenesis regulators as low molecular weight compounds to regulate skin pigmentation. In this study, an internal library of peptides obtained through in silico enzymatic digestion of phycocyanin from microalgae S. platensis was tested to apprehend their anti-melanogenic effects. Seven peptides were investigated for their inhibitory potential against mushroom and B16-F10 murine tyrosinase enzymes. According to the results, P5 (SPSWY) and P7 (AADQRGKDKCARDIGY) were effective in lowering the activity of mushroom and B16-F10 tyrosinases. P5 was the most potent (IC50 value, 12.1 µM) in mushroom which was followed by P2 (MAACLR, 86.9 µM). Although the peptides were particularly powerful in inhibiting monophenolase activity, only moderate inhibition was observed for diphenolase activity in mushroom tyrosinase assay. Apart from tyrosinase inhibition, P2 and P3 (RCLNGRL) were efficient DPPH radical scavengers at low concentrations (IC50 < 200 µM). In the mammalian assay system, P5 and P7 were noticeably effective to decrease tyrosinase enzyme activity with IC50 values of 48.9 and 34.2 µM, respectively. However, although P4 (RYVTYAVF) was a potent mushroom tyrosinase inhibitor, it increased melanin synthesis up to 3-fold in B16-F10 cells. The results indicate that C-terminal tyrosine residue is important for tyrosinase inhibition. This study shows, for the first time, that microalgae proteins can be regarded as sources for melanogenesis regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Kose
- Ege University Faculty of Engineering Department of Bioengineering, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Suphi S Oncel
- Ege University Faculty of Engineering Department of Bioengineering, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
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80
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Sangthong S, Promputtha I, Pintathong P, Chaiwut P. Chemical Constituents, Antioxidant, Anti-Tyrosinase, Cytotoxicity, and Anti-Melanogenesis Activities of Etlingera elatior (Jack) Leaf Essential Oils. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27113469. [PMID: 35684405 PMCID: PMC9182332 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential oils of plants have been used widely in cosmetic preparations. Being both perfuming and active ingredients, the functions of essential oils mean they are high-value ingredients. In this study, the leaf of Etlingera elatior (Jack) or Torch ginger was used. The essential oils (EO) were prepared by conventional hydrodistillation (HD) and microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (MAHD). The volatile compounds of EOs were analyzed by gas chromatography spectroscopy (GC-MS). The antioxidant activities by means of DPPH radical scavenging and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were determined. The inhibition of tyrosinase activity was investigated. The cytotoxicity was performed against human fibroblast cell lines (NIH/3T3) and melanoma cell lines (A375 and B16F10). The decreasing melanin content was measured in melanoma cell lines. The resulting essential oils were detected for 41 compounds from HD extraction dominants by terpenes, namely sesquiterpenes (48.499%) and monoterpenes (19.419%), while 26 compounds were detected from MAHD with the fatty alcohols as the major group. The higher antioxidant activities were found in HD EO (IC50 of 16.25 ± 0.09 mg/mL from DPPH assay and 0.91 ± 0.01 mg TEAC/g extract from FRAP assay). The survival of normal fibroblast cell lines remained at 90% at 500 µg/mL HD EO, where the EO possessed the half-maximal toxicity dose (TD50) of 214.85 ± 4.647 and 241.128 ± 2.134 μg/mL on B16F10 and A375 cell lines, respectively. This could suggest that the EO is highly selective against the melanoma cell lines. The melanin content was decreased at the half-maximum efficacy (IC50) at 252.12 ± 3.02 and 253.56 ± 3.65 in the A375 and B1610 cell lines, respectively, which were approximately 2.8-fold lower than kojic acid, the standard compound. The results of this study evidence the use of Etlingera elatior (Jack) leaf as a source of essential oil as an active agent in cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Sangthong
- School of Cosmetic Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand; (P.P.); (P.C.)
- Green Cosmetic Technology Research Group, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- Correspondence:
| | - Itthayakorn Promputtha
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Research Center in Bioresources for Agriculture, Industry and Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Punyawatt Pintathong
- School of Cosmetic Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand; (P.P.); (P.C.)
- Green Cosmetic Technology Research Group, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Phanuphong Chaiwut
- School of Cosmetic Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand; (P.P.); (P.C.)
- Green Cosmetic Technology Research Group, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
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81
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Solis CM, Salazar MO, Ramallo IA, García P, Furlan RL. Cyclocondensation Versus Cyclocondensation Plus Dehydroxylation During the Reaction of Flavones and Hydrazine. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M. Solis
- Universidad Nacional de Rosario Facultad de Ciencias Bioquimicas y Farmaceuticas Química Orgánica ARGENTINA
| | - Mario O. Salazar
- Universidad Nacional de Rosario Facultad de Ciencias Bioquimicas y Farmaceuticas Química Orgánica ARGENTINA
| | - I. Ayelen Ramallo
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas: Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas Química Orgánica ARGENTINA
| | - Paula García
- Universidad Nacional de Rosario Facultad de Ciencias Bioquimicas y Farmaceuticas Planta Piloto de Producción de Medicamentos ARGENTINA
| | - Ricardo L.E. Furlan
- Universidad Nacional de Rosario Facultad de Ciencias Bioquimicas y Farmaceuticas Química Orgánica Suipacha 531 S2002LRK Rosario ARGENTINA
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82
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The Relationship between the IC50 Values and the Apparent Inhibition Constant in the Study of Inhibitors of Tyrosinase Diphenolase Activity Helps Confirm the Mechanism of Inhibition. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27103141. [PMID: 35630619 PMCID: PMC9142954 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosinase is the enzyme involved in melanization and is also responsible for the browning of fruits and vegetables. Control of its activity can be carried out using inhibitors, which is interesting in terms of quantitatively understanding the action of these regulators. In the study of the inhibition of the diphenolase activity of tyrosinase, it is intriguing to know the strength and type of inhibition. The strength is indicated by the value of the inhibition constant(s), and the type can be, in a first approximation: competitive, non-competitive, uncompetitive and mixed. In this work, it is proposed to calculate the degree of inhibition (iD), varying the concentration of inhibitor to a fixed concentration of substrate, L-dopa (D). The non-linear regression adjustment of iD with respect to the initial inhibitor concentration [I]0 allows for the calculation of the inhibitor concentration necessary to inhibit the activity by 50%, at a given substrate concentration (IC50), thus avoiding making interpolations between different values of iD. The analytical expression of the IC50, for the different types of inhibition, are related to the apparent inhibition constant (KIapp). Therefore, this parameter can be used: (a) To classify a series of inhibitors of an enzyme by their power. Determining these values at a fixed substrate concentration, the lower IC50, the more potent the inhibitor. (b) Checking an inhibitor for which the type and the inhibition constant have been determined (using the usual methods), must confirm the IC50 value according to the corresponding analytical expression. (c) The type and strength of an inhibitor can be analysed from the study of the variation in iD and IC50 with substrate concentration. The dependence of IC50 on the substrate concentration allows us to distinguish between non-competitive inhibition (iD does not depend on [D]0) and the rest. In the case of competitive inhibition, this dependence of iD on [D]0 leads to an ambiguity between competitive inhibition and type 1 mixed inhibition. This is solved by adjusting the data to the possible equations; in the case of a competitive inhibitor, the calculation of KI1app is carried out from the IC50 expression. The same occurs with uncompetitive inhibition and type 2 mixed inhibition. The representation of iD vs. n, with n=[D]0/KmD, allows us to distinguish between them. A hyperbolic iD vs. n representation that passes through the origin of coordinates is a characteristic of uncompetitive inhibition; the calculation of KI2app is immediate from the IC50 value. In the case of mixed inhibitors, the values of the apparent inhibition constant of meta-tyrosinase (Em) and oxy-tyrosinase (Eox), KI1app and the apparent inhibition constant of metatyrosinase/Dopa complexes (EmD) and oxytyrosinase/Dopa (EoxD), KI2app are obtained from the dependence of iD vs. n, and the results obtained must comply with the IC50 value.
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83
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Cha GS, Mok JA, Yun CH, Park CM. Production of 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine using novel tyrosinases from Bacillus megaterium. Enzyme Microb Technol 2022; 160:110069. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2022.110069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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84
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Evaluating the effects of disubstituted 3-hydroxy-1H-pyrrol-2(5H)-one analog as novel tyrosinase inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2022; 126:105876. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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85
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Saleem A, Jamil QA, Khan HMS, Ijaz S. Development, characterization, and clinical investigation of Spinacia oleracea based ultra-high pressure homogenized emulsion system for facial physiological parameters. J Cosmet Dermatol 2022; 21:5168-5180. [PMID: 35478377 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinacia oleracea (SO) exhibits radical scavenging and tyrosinase inhibition activity indicating potential as a depigmenting agent. AIMS To develop and characterize a stable emulsified system containing SO extract through ultra-high pressure homogenization, evaluate skin permeability, and enumerate in-vivo performance in terms of melanin index, skin spots analysis, and related skin physiological parameters. METHOD Free radical scavenging and tyrosinase inhibition potential of SO extract was quantified through DPPH radical scavenging and mushroom tyrosinase inhibition assay respectively. 6 SO extract loaded ultra-high pressure emulsified systems (UHSO) were developed using ultra-high pressure homogenizer and assessed for size and polydispersity index (PDI). Among the prepared formulations the optimized formulation (UHSO6) was subjected to 90 days stability studies performed at 8 ºC, 25 ºC, 40 ºC, and 40 ºC+75% RH (relative humidity) for organoleptic features, pH, and rheology. Ex-vivo skin permeability studies were performed on abdominal skin from male albino rat. Changes in skin physiological parameters were evaluated in healthy female volunteers (n=13) for 12 weeks utilizing mexameter®, corneometer® and sebumeter®. Skin spots were analyzed through computerized analysis of high-resolution images by visioFace®. RESULTS SO extract exhibited promising antioxidant (88±0.0096%) and tyrosinase inhibition potential (90.6±0.0015 mg of Kojic Acid Eq/g of extract). Optimized UHSO was found to be stable with respect to stability evaluation, globule size (1110 nm), zeta potential (-27.6), and PDI (0.34). Ex-vivo skin permeation of UHSO was significantly higher than SO loaded coarse emulsion. Moreover, the formulation showed a significant decrease in skin melanin, spot count, and spot % area, whereas skin hydration index was improved significantly. CONCLUSION Stable SO extract loaded emulsion system was successfully developed by a novel, cost-effective technique of ultra-high pressure homogenization which showed improved performance in terms of skin permeation and other skin physiological parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Saleem
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Qazi Adnan Jamil
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | | | - Shakeel Ijaz
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan.,Quaid-e-Azam College of Pharmacy, Pakpattan road Sahiwal, Pakistan
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86
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Hop Tannins as Multifunctional Tyrosinase Inhibitor: Structure Characterization, Inhibition Activity, and Mechanism. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040772. [PMID: 35453457 PMCID: PMC9027561 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of hops could be extended to obtain higher commercial values. Tannins from hops were assessed for their tyrosinase inhibition ability, and the associated mechanisms were explored. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–ESI–MS/MS) revealed that the hop tannins were characterized as condensed tannins with (epi)catechin and (epi)gallocatechin as subunits and an average polymerization degree of 10.32. Tyrosinase inhibition assay indicated that hop tannins had an IC50 = 76.52 ± 6.56 μM. Kinetic studies of the inhibition processes indicated the tannins provided inhibition through competitive–uncompetitive mixed reactions. In silico molecule docking showed that tannins were bound to the active site of tyrosinase via hydrogen and electrovalent bonds. Circular dichroism (CD) observed the structural variation in the tyrosinase after reacting with the tannins. Fluorescence quenching analysis and free radical scavenging assays indicated that the tannins had copper ion chelating and antioxidant activities, which may also contribute to inhibition. The intracellular inhibition assay revealed that the melanin was reduced by 34.50% in B16F10 cells. These results indicate that these tannins can be applied as whitening agents in the cosmetics industry.
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87
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Kumari A, kumar R, Sulabh G, Singh P, Kumar J, Singh VK, Ojha KK. In silico ADMET, molecular docking and molecular simulation-based study of glabridin’s natural and semisynthetic derivatives as potential tyrosinase inhibitors. ADVANCES IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2022. [PMCID: PMC9000003 DOI: 10.1007/s13596-022-00640-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hyper-pigmentation conditions may develop due to erroneous melanogenesis cascade which leads to excess melanin production. Recently, inhibition of tyrosinase is the main focus of investigation as it majorly contributes to melanin production. This inhibition property can be exploited in medicine, agriculture, and in cosmetics. Present study aims to find a natural and safe alternative molecule as tyrosinase inhibitor. In this study, human tyrosinase enzyme was modelled due to unavailability of its crystal structure to look into the degree of efficacy of glabridin and its 15 derivatives as tyrosinase inhibitor. Docking was performed by Autodock Vina at the catalytic core enzyme. Glabridin effects on melanoma cell lines was also elucidated by analysing cytotoxicity and effect on melanin production. Computational ADME analysis was done by SwissADME. Molecular dynamic simulation was also performed to further evaluate the interaction profile of these molecules and kojic acid (positive inhibitor) with respect to apo protein. Notably, four derivatives 5′-formylglabridin, glabridin dimer, 5′-prenyl glabridin and R-glabridin exhibited better binding affinity than glabridin. Glabridin effectively inhibited melanin production in a dose dependent manner. Among these, 5′-formylglabridin displayed highest binding affinity with docking score − 9.2 kcal/mol. Molecular properties and bioactivity analysis by Molinspiration web server and by SwissADME also presented these molecules as potential drug candidates. The study explores the understanding for the development of suitable tyrosinase inhibitor/s for the prevention of hyperpigmentation. However, a detailed in vivo study is required for glabridin derivatives to suggest these molecules as anti-melanogenic compound.
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88
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Najafi Z, Kamari‐aliabadi A, Sabourian R, Hajimahmoodi M, Chehardoli G. Synthesis and molecular modeling of new 2‐benzylidenethiobarbituric acid derivatives as potent tyrosinase inhibitors agents. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202100537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Najafi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences Hamadan Iran
| | - Adel Kamari‐aliabadi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences Hamadan Iran
| | - Reyhaneh Sabourian
- Drug and Food Control Department, Faculty of Pharmacy Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Mannan Hajimahmoodi
- Drug and Food Control Department, Faculty of Pharmacy Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Gholamabbas Chehardoli
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Center Hamadan University of Medical Sciences Hamadan Iran
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89
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Sepehri N, Khoshneviszadeh M, Farid SM, Moayedi SS, Asgari MS, Moazzam A, Hosseini S, Adibi H, Larijani B, Pirhadi S, Attarroshan M, Sakhteman A, Kabiri M, Hamedifar H, Iraji A, Mahdavi M. Design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular docking study of thioxo-2,3-dihydroquinazolinone derivative as tyrosinase inhibitors. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.132283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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90
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Chen X, Shuai D, Han Y, Luo D, Wang L, Chen B. Polyoxometalates as Potential Next‐Generation Metallodrugs in the melanogenesis inhibitor. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202100319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Li Wang
- Jimei University fisheries college Yindou Road 43 Jimei, Xiamen 361021 Xiamen CHINA
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91
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Boo YC. Metabolic Basis and Clinical Evidence for Skin Lightening Effects of Thiol Compounds. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030503. [PMID: 35326153 PMCID: PMC8944565 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanin pigment is a major factor in determining the color of the skin, and its abnormal increase or decrease can cause serious pigmentation disorders. The melanin pigment of the skin is divided into light pheomelanin and dark eumelanin, and a big difference between them is whether they contain sulfur. Melanin synthesis starts from a common reaction in which tyrosine or dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) is oxidized by tyrosinase (TYR) to produce dopaquinone (DQ). DQ is spontaneously converted to leukodopachrome and then oxidized to dopachrome, which enters the eumelanin synthesis pathway. When DQ reacts with cysteine, cysteinyl dopa is generated, which is oxidized to cysteinyl DQ and enters the pheomelanin synthesis pathway. Therefore, thiol compounds can influence the relative synthesis of eumelanin and pheomelanin. In addition, thiol compounds can inhibit enzymatic activity by binding to copper ions at the active site of TYR, and act as an antioxidant scavenging reactive oxygen species and free radicals or as a modulator of redox balance, thereby inhibiting overall melanin synthesis. This review will cover the metabolic aspects of thiol compounds, the role of thiol compounds in melanin synthesis, comparison of the antimelanogenic effects of various thiol compounds, and clinical trials on the skin lightening efficacy of thiol compounds. We hope that this review will help identify the advantages and disadvantages of various thiol compounds as modulators of skin pigmentation and contribute to the development of safer and more effective strategies for the treatment of pigmentation disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chool Boo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Korea;
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Korea
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Korea
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92
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Wang G, Li J, Pan XL, Bu FQ, Zhu YM, Wang AX, Ouyang L. Discovery of Tyrosinase Inhibitors: Structure-Based Virtual Screening and Biological Evaluation. PHARMACEUTICAL FRONTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1742095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosinase (EC 1.14.18.1) plays an indispensable role in the rate-limiting steps of melanin biosynthesis, and its uncontrolled activity may result in various diseases, such as albinism, melanoma, freckles, etc. The inhibition of tyrosinase activity may provide a useful and efficient strategy to treat hyperpigmentation disorders. However, the widely used tyrosinase inhibitors, like α-arbutin, hydroquinone, and kojic acid, have many shortcomings, such as lower efficacy and much more side effects. Herein, we reported the use of homology modeling and multistep structure-based virtual screening for the discovery of novel tyrosinase inhibitors. In this study, 10 initial potential hits (compounds T1–T10) were evaluated for enzyme inhibition and kinetic study, with kojic acid being used as a control. Among them, the IC50 values of both T1 (11.56 ± 0.98 μmol/L) and T5 (18.36 ± 0.82 μmol/L) were superior to that of kojic acid (23.12 ± 1.26 μmol/L). Moreover, T1 and T5 were also identified as the effective noncompetitive tyrosinase inhibitors by the subsequent kinetic study. Above all, T1 and T5 may represent the promising drug candidates for hyperpigmentation therapy in pharmaceutical fields, as well as the effective whitening agents in cosmetic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Li Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Fa-Qian Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Meng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ao-Xue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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93
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Lee HJ, An S, Bae S, Lee JH. Diarylpropionitrile inhibits melanogenesis via protein kinase A/cAMP-response element-binding protein/microphthalmia-associated transcription factor signaling pathway in α-MSH-stimulated B16F10 melanoma cells. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 26:113-123. [PMID: 35203061 PMCID: PMC8890945 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2022.26.2.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diarylpropionitrile (DPN), a selective agonist for estrogen receptor β (ERβ), has been reported to regulate various hormonal responses through activation of ERβ in tissues including the mammary gland and brain. However, the effect of DPN on melanogenesis independent of ERβ has not been studied. The aim of this study is to examine the possibility of anti-melanogenic effect of DPN and its underlying mechanism. Melanin contents and cellular tyrosinase activity assay indicated that DPN inhibited melanin biosynthesis in alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone-stimulated B16F10 melanoma cell line. However, DPN had no direct influence on in vitro tyrosinase catalytic activity. On the other hand, 17β-estradiol had no effect on inhibition of melanogenesis, suggesting that the DPN-mediated suppression of melanin production was not related with estrogen signaling pathway. Immunoblotting analysis showed that DPN down-regulated the expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), a central transcription factor of melanogenesis and its down-stream genes including tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-1, and TRP-2. Also, DPN attenuated the phosphorylation of protein kinase A (PKA) and cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB). Additionally, DPN suppressed the melanin synthesis in UVB-irradiated HaCaT conditioned media culture system suggesting that DPN has potential as an anti-melanogenic activity in physiological conditions. Collectively, our data show that DPN inhibits melanogenesis via down-regulation of PKA/CREB/MITF signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jeong Lee
- Department of Cosmetics Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Sungkwan An
- Department of Cosmetics Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Seunghee Bae
- Department of Cosmetics Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Jae Ho Lee
- Department of Cosmetics Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
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94
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Choi H, Young Ryu I, Choi I, Ullah S, Jin Jung H, Park Y, Hwang Y, Jeong Y, Hong S, Chun P, Young Chung H, Ryong Moon H. Identification of (Z)-2-benzylidene-dihydroimidazothiazolone derivatives as tyrosinase inhibitors: anti-melanogenic effects and in silico studies. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:899-912. [PMID: 35242283 PMCID: PMC8861568 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Heejeong Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Il Young Ryu
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Inkyu Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Sultan Ullah
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, FL 33458, USA
| | - Hee Jin Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Yujin Park
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - YeJi Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Yeongmu Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Sojeong Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Pusoon Chun
- College of Pharmacy and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834, South Korea
| | - Hae Young Chung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Hyung Ryong Moon
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
- Corresponding author at: Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea.
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95
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Kim JH, Kim TI, Ma JY. Synergistic effects of novel herbal decoctions from Panax ginseng and Morus alba on tyrosinase activity and melanogenesis in vitro. Heliyon 2022; 8:e08866. [PMID: 35198755 PMCID: PMC8850658 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Many medicinal plants such as a Panax ginseng and Morus alba (mulberry tree) have been widely used as depigmenting agents in Asia. To maximize their synergistic effects on melanogenesis, new herbal decoctions were created by mixing Ginseng Radix Alba (GR) and Mori Radicis Cortex (MC) at a ratio of 3:2 which called GMC decoction. A decoction of GR and Mori Ramulus (MR), which called GMR, was also formulated in order to compare the anti-melanogenic capacity. Combined decoctions, GMC and GMR, significantly decreased mushroom tyrosinase activity in vitro; however, single extracts, including MC and MR, showed weaker inhibitory activity. Melanin content assay and Fontana–Masson staining confirmed that two decoctions showed stronger inhibitory effects on the forskolin-induced melanin level in B16 cells, without cytotoxicity. Our findings suggest that ginseng in combination with mulberry tree enhances the anti-melanogenic effect in vitro.
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96
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Zhang L, Shang Q, Zhao Y, Ran Z, Chen C, Tang W, Liu W. Real-time and simultaneous assay of monophenolase and diphenolase activity in tyrosinase catalyzed cascade reactions by combination of three-way calibration and excitation-emission matrix fluorescence. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:2439-2452. [PMID: 35099585 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-03884-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A real-time assay for multiple enzyme activities in cascade reactions is required for research on metabolism and bioengineering. Tyrosinase has the bifunctional activity of monophenolase and diphenolase. A combined strategy of three-way calibration with excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence was developed for real-time and simultaneous determination of monophenolase and diphenolase activity with tyrosine as a substrate. Mathematical separation and second-order advantage were utilized to solve spectral overlapping and uncalibrated interferents during complex dynamic enzymatic processes. Kinetic evolution profiles of EEM were monitored to stack a fusion three-way data array together with static samples. Using a parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) algorithm, pseudo-univariate calibration curves with limits of detection (LODs) of 3.00 μM and 0.85 μM were established to simultaneously and real-time measure tyrosine and DOPA. Progress curves for tyrosine consumption by monophenolase and DOPA consumption by diphenolase were obtained using the law of mass conservation to calculate the initial velocity. The LODs for monophenolase and diphenolase were 0.0232 U⋅mL-1 and 0.0316 U⋅mL-1. The method achieved real-time and simultaneous assays of multiple enzyme activities in cascade reactions. It showed potential application in the metabolic pathway and biochemical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Qi Shang
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yuanze Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Zhaoqi Ran
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Chan Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Weikang Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
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97
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Calycosin, a Common Dietary Isoflavonoid, Suppresses Melanogenesis through the Downregulation of PKA/CREB and p38 MAPK Signaling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031358. [PMID: 35163281 PMCID: PMC8836186 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Calycosin, a bioactive isoflavonoid isolated from root extracts of Astragalus membranaceus, has been reported to inhibit melanogenesis, the mechanism of which remains undefined. In this study, we interrogated the mechanistic basis by which calycosin inhibits melanin production in two model systems, i.e., B16F10 melanoma cells and zebrafish embryos. Calycosin was effective in protecting B16F10 cells from α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-induced melanogenesis and tyrosinase activity. This anti-melanogenic effect was accompanied by decreased expression levels of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), a key protein controlling melanin synthesis, and its target genes tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein-2 (TRP-2) in calycosin-treated cells. Mechanistically, we obtained the first evidence that calycosin-mediated MITF downregulation was attributable to its ability to block signaling pathways mediated by cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and p38 MAP kinase. The protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor H-89 and p38 inhibitor SB203580 validated the premise that calycosin inhibits melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity by regulating the PKA/CREB and p38 MAPK signaling pathways. Moreover, the in vivo anti-melanogenic efficacy of calycosin was manifested by its ability to suppress body pigmentation and tyrosinase activity in zebrafish embryos. Together, these data suggested the translational potential of calycosin to be developed as skin-lightening cosmeceuticals.
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98
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Tao Y, Chen R, Fan Y, Liu G, Wang M, Wang S, Li L. Interaction mechanism of pelargonidin against tyrosinase by multi-spectroscopy and molecular docking. J Mol Recognit 2022; 35:e2955. [PMID: 35076992 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The interaction mechanism of pelargonidin (PG) with tyrosinase was investigated by multi-spectroscopy and molecular docking. As a result, PG had strong inhibitory activity on tyrosinase with the IC50 value of 41.94×10-6 mol·L-1 . The inhibition type of PG against tyrosinase was determined as a mixed mode. Meanwhile, the fluorescence of tyrosinase was quenched statically by PG, and accompanied by non-radiative energy transfer. The three-dimensional (3-D) fluorescence, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) and circular dichroism spectroscopies (CD) indicated that PG decreased the hydrophobicity of the micro-environment around tryptophan (Trp) and tyrosine (Tyr), which resulted in the conformational change of tyrosinase. In addition, fluorescence and molecular docking analysis indicated that PG bound to tyrosinase via hydrogen bonds (H-bonds) and van der Waals force (vdW force). We herein recommended that PG might be a potential candidate drug for the treatment of melanin-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhou Tao
- The College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Rongda Chen
- The College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Yangyang Fan
- The College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Guiming Liu
- The College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Meizi Wang
- The College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Suqing Wang
- The College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Li Li
- The College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China
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99
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Skin Depigmenting Agents in Anti-Aging Cosmetics: A Medicinal Perspective on Emerging Ingredients. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12020775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Human skin aging results from intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Uneven pigmentation is one of the major changes of extrinsic aging. Many compounds have been tested for depigmenting activity but only a few are actually used by the cosmetic industry, which is continually looking for new ingredients. In this study, the trends in the use of skin depigmenting ingredients in a panel of anti-aging formulations commercialized in the Portuguese pharmacy market were analyzed, by comparing the composition of the products marketed in 2011 with products launched or reformulated in 2018 (59% and 74%, respectively). The analysis of the top 12 ingredients put forward three novelties for 2018: tranexamic acid, bakuchiol, and 4-butylresorcinol. Regarding their mechanisms of action, tranexamic acid inhibits melanin synthesis through inhibition of the plasminogen/plasmin system. Bakuchiol depigmenting efficacy was attributed to the ability to block both α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone and tyrosinase activation, while 4-butylresorcinol exerts its action through the inhibition of both tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1). Industry-optimized and efficient synthetic methodologies that embrace green chemistry, reducing the environmental impact, are commonly used. This analysis aims to bring insights to both formulators, involved in the development of depigmenting cosmetic products, and chemists performing the synthesis of new and existing compounds intended for this purpose.
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100
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Chen X, Shuai D, Jiang Z, Yang H, Luo D, Ni H, Wang L, Chen B. Study on the Regulation and Mechanism of the Vanadium Substituted Polyoxometalates of H 6[P 2Mo 18O 62] on Melanogenesis of Mouse Melanoma Cell B16. ACTA CHIMICA SINICA 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/a21110528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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