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Liu QL, Yan XH, Yin XM, Situ B, Zhou HK, Lin L, Li B, Gan N, Zheng L. Electrochemical enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for α-fetoprotein based on glucose detection with multienzyme-nanoparticle amplification. Molecules 2013; 18:12675-86. [PMID: 24129276 PMCID: PMC6270425 DOI: 10.3390/molecules181012675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Since glucose biosensors are one of the most popular and widely used point-of-care testing devices, a novel electrochemical enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for protein biomarkers has been developed based on a glucose detection strategy. In this study, α-fetoprotein (AFP) was used as the target protein. An electrochemical ELISA system was constructed using anti-AFP antibodies immobilized on microwell plates as the capture antibody (Ab1) and multi-label bioconjugates as signal tracer. The bioconjugates were synthesized by attaching glucoamylase and the secondary anti-AFP antibodies (Ab2) to gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). After formation of the sandwich complex, the Ab2-glucoamylase-AuNPs conjugates converted starch into glucose in the presence of AFP. The concentration of AFP can be calculated based on the linear relation between AFP and glucose, the concentration of which can be detected by the glucose biosensor. When the AFP concentration ranged from 0.05 to 100 ng/mL, a linear calibration plot (i (µA) = 13.62033 - 2.86252 logCAFP (ng/mL), r = 0.99886) with a detection limit of 0.02 ng/mL was obtained under optimal conditions. The electrochemical ELISA developed in this work shows acceptable stability and reproducibility, and the assay for AFP spiked in human serum also shows good recovery (97.0%-104%). This new method could be applied for detecting any protein biomarker with the corresponding antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin-Lan Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China; E-Mails: (Q.-L.L.); (X.-M.Y.); (B.S.); (L.L.); (B.L.)
| | - Xiao-Hui Yan
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China; E-Mail:
| | - Xiao-Mao Yin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China; E-Mails: (Q.-L.L.); (X.-M.Y.); (B.S.); (L.L.); (B.L.)
| | - Bo Situ
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China; E-Mails: (Q.-L.L.); (X.-M.Y.); (B.S.); (L.L.); (B.L.)
| | - Han-Kun Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory Base of Novel Functional Materials and Preparation Science, Faculty of Material Science and Chemical Engineering of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; E-Mail:
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China; E-Mails: (Q.-L.L.); (X.-M.Y.); (B.S.); (L.L.); (B.L.)
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China; E-Mails: (Q.-L.L.); (X.-M.Y.); (B.S.); (L.L.); (B.L.)
| | - Ning Gan
- The State Key Laboratory Base of Novel Functional Materials and Preparation Science, Faculty of Material Science and Chemical Engineering of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; E-Mail:
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China; E-Mails: (Q.-L.L.); (X.-M.Y.); (B.S.); (L.L.); (B.L.)
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Manikas AC, Causa F, Della Moglie R, Netti PA. Tuning gold nanoparticles interfaces by specific peptide interaction for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and separation applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:7915-22. [PMID: 23862632 DOI: 10.1021/am401998m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Surface functionalization and control over nanostructured interfaces represents a key aspect in nanoscience and nanobiotechnology. Nanoplasmonic structures for analyte detection typically require sophisticated nanofabrication techniques, as well as bioactivated nanostructures that need multistep conjugations for chemical ligation. An alternative to such complex processes is to rely on specific biomolecules adsorption for decoration or self-assembly of nanoparticles at solid/liquid interface. In principle, small biomolecules with specific binding properties to nanostructures could control the assembly without modifying the nanoparticle chemistry, pH of the solution or salt concentration. Importantly, such an approach could be direct, robust, and reversible. In this work, we report about the use of a specific peptide for direct and reversible adsorption on gold nanoparticles with tuned interfacial properties just by simply adjusting the ratio between the numbers of peptide molecules to the number of gold nanoparticles. This easy, direct and reversible assembly of gold nanoparticles mediated by the specific peptide makes this platform ideal for small-volume samples and low concentrations detection using surface enhanced Raman Spectroscopy, as well as for the capture or separation of biomolecules in complex mix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios C Manikas
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare@CRIB, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, 80125 Naples, Italy
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Cao T, Jin S, Wang S, Zhang D, Meng X, Zhu M. A comparison of the chiral counterion, solvent, and ligand used to induce a chiroptical response from Au25(-) nanoclusters. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:7589-7595. [PMID: 23842657 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr01782f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A 25-atom gold nanocluster capped with an achiral thiolate exhibits no chiroptical signals in circular dichroism (CD) measurements. Herein, we report a systematic study on the effects of the chiral environment on the CD response from the Au25 metal core. We found that Au25(SC2H4Ph)18(-)TOA(+) dissolved in a chiral solvent did not give rise to a CD response, nor did Au25(SC2H4Ph)18(-) when associated with a chiral counterion (e.g., (-)-N-dodecyl-N-methylephedrinium, DME(+)). Both scenarios imply that the interaction of the chiral counterion (or chiral solvent molecules) with the achiral Au25(SC2H4Ph)18(-) nanocluster is not strong enough to induce CD signals from the metal core. In contrast, when the metal core is capped with chiral ligands (i.e., Au25(SCH2C*H(NH2)CH2Ph)18), strong CD signals in the visible wavelength range were observed. Thus, the induction of CD signals by surface chiral ligands is much stronger than that by the external chiral environment (including the chiral solvent or counterion). This work reveals some further insight into the origin of the chiroptical response of the Au nanoclusters. These chiral nanoclusters hold potential for practical applications in bioconjugation, sensing, and chiral catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230039, PR China
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54
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Zhou Y, Zhou T, Zhou R, Hu Y. Chemiluminescence immunoassay for the rapid and sensitive detection of antibody against porcine parvovirus by using horseradish peroxidase/detection antibody-coated gold nanoparticles as nanoprobes. LUMINESCENCE 2013; 29:338-43. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.2549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology; Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan 430070 China
- College of Life Science and Technology; Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Tao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology; Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan 430070 China
- College of Life Science and Technology; Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Rui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology; Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Yonggang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology; Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan 430070 China
- College of Life Science and Technology; Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan 430070 China
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55
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Hybrid electron microscopy-FRET imaging localizes the dynamical C-terminus of Tfg2 in RNA polymerase II-TFIIF with nanometer precision. J Struct Biol 2013; 184:52-62. [PMID: 23732819 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2013.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
TFIIF-a general transcription factor comprising two conserved subunits can associate with RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) tightly to regulate the synthesis of messenger RNA in eukaryotes. Herein, a hybrid method that combines electron microscopy (EM) and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is described and used to localize the C-terminus of the second TFIIF subunit (Tfg2) in the architecture of RNAPII-TFIIF. In the first stage, a poly-histidine tag appended to the Tfg2 C-terminus was labeled with nickel-NTA nanogold and a seven-step single particle EM protocol was devised to obtain the region accessible by the nanogold in 3D, suggesting the Tfg2 C-terminus is proximal to the clamp of RNAPII. Next, the C-termini of the Rpb2 and the Rpb4 subunits of RNAPII, adjacent to the clamp, were selected for placing FRET satellites to enable the nano-positioning (NP) analysis, by which the localization precision was improved such that the Tfg2 C-terminus was found to dwell on the clamp ridge but could move to the clamp top during transcription. Because the tag receptive to the EM or FRET probes can be readily introduced to any protein subunit, this hybrid approach is generally applicable to complement cryo-EM study of many protein complexes to nanometer precision.
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Zarabi MF, Farhangi A, Mazdeh SK, Ansarian Z, Zare D, Mehrabi MR, Akbarzadeh A. Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Coated with Aspartic Acid and Their Conjugation with FVIII Protein and FVIII Antibody. Indian J Clin Biochem 2013; 29:154-60. [PMID: 24757296 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-013-0323-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Carboxylate-modified gold nanoparticles (GNPs) were synthesized in a simple one-step process based on the reduction of tetrachloroauric acid by aspartic acid in water. GNPs were identified by UV-Vis spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy. Conjugation of protein molecules with functionalized nanoparticles was performed through electrostatic interaction. The GNP-protein conjugates were characterized by gel electrophoresis. The interaction between functionalized GNPs and protein molecules lead to conformational transition of protein structure after conjugation of protein with GNPs. This process was investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy and circular dichroism spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Farahnak Zarabi
- Pilot Biotechnology Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, No. 358, 12 Farvardin Street, Jomhoori Avenue, 13169-43551 Tehran, Iran ; Zanjan University, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Ali Farhangi
- Pilot Biotechnology Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, No. 358, 12 Farvardin Street, Jomhoori Avenue, 13169-43551 Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Khademi Mazdeh
- Pilot Biotechnology Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, No. 358, 12 Farvardin Street, Jomhoori Avenue, 13169-43551 Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Davod Zare
- Pilot Biotechnology Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, No. 358, 12 Farvardin Street, Jomhoori Avenue, 13169-43551 Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Mehrabi
- Pilot Biotechnology Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, No. 358, 12 Farvardin Street, Jomhoori Avenue, 13169-43551 Tehran, Iran
| | - Azim Akbarzadeh
- Pilot Biotechnology Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, No. 358, 12 Farvardin Street, Jomhoori Avenue, 13169-43551 Tehran, Iran
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57
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McCoy RS, Choi S, Collins G, Ackerson BJ, Ackerson CJ. Superatom paramagnetism enables gold nanocluster heating in applied radiofrequency fields. ACS NANO 2013; 7:2610-2616. [PMID: 23390932 DOI: 10.1021/nn306015c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The Au102(pMBA)44 nanocluster becomes a superatom paramagnet after chemical oxidation. Solutions of paramagnetic Au102(pMBA)44 heat in an oscillating magnetic field component of an RF field, but not in the electric component. Combined, these experiments suggest that paramagnetic Au102(pMBA)44 heats through interactions of spin magnetic moment with an external oscillating magnetic field. These results may clarify some current controversy regarding gold nanoparticle heating in radiofrequency fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruthanne S McCoy
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80521, United States
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58
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Niihori Y, Matsuzaki M, Pradeep T, Negishi Y. Separation of Precise Compositions of Noble Metal Clusters Protected with Mixed Ligands. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:4946-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja4009369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Niihori
- Department of Applied Chemistry,
Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Miku Matsuzaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry,
Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Thalappil Pradeep
- DST Unit of Nanoscience and
Thematic Unit of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600
036, India
| | - Yuichi Negishi
- Department of Applied Chemistry,
Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
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59
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Singh V, Nair SPN, Aradhyam GK. Chemistry of conjugation to gold nanoparticles affects G-protein activity differently. J Nanobiotechnology 2013; 11:7. [PMID: 23510390 PMCID: PMC3614441 DOI: 10.1186/1477-3155-11-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gold nanoparticles (AuNP) are extensively used as biophysical tools in the area of medicine and technology due to their distinct properties. However, vivid understanding of the consequences of biomolecule-nanomaterial interactions is still lacking. In this context, we explore the affect of conjugation of Gαi1 subunit (of heterotrimeric G-proteins) to AuNP and examine its consequences. We consider two bio-conjugation strategies covalent and non-covalent binding. Results Affinity of the AuNP to the Gαi1 is 7.58 × 10 12 M-1. AuNP conjugated Gαi1 exhibits altered kinetics of activation, non-covalent bio-conjugates displays retarded kinetics, up to 0.88 fold when GTPγS was used as ligand, of protein activation contrary to covalent conjugates which accelerates it to ~ 5 fold. Conjugation influence intrinsic Gαi1 GTPase function in conflicting modes. Non-covalent conjugation inhibits GTPase function (decrease in activity upto 0.8 fold) whilst covalent conjugation drastically accelerates it (12 fold increase in activity). Altered basal nucleotide uptake in both types of conjugates and GTPase function in non-covalent conjugate are almost comparable except for GTPase property of covalent conjugate. The effect is despite the fact that conjugation does not change global conformation of the protein. Conclusion These findings provide clear evidence that nanoparticles, in addition to ‘passive interaction’ with protein (biomolecule), can interact “actively” with biomolecule and modify its function. This concept should be considered while engineering nanoparticle based delivery systems in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibha Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
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60
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Hortigüela MJ, Wall JG. Improved detection of domoic acid using covalently immobilised antibody fragments. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:881-95. [PMID: 23493076 PMCID: PMC3705377 DOI: 10.3390/md11030881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2012] [Revised: 01/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody molecules, and antibody fragments in particular, have enormous potential in the development of biosensors for marine monitoring. Conventional immobilisation approaches used in immunoassays typically yield unstable and mostly incorrectly oriented antibodies, however, resulting in reduced detection sensitivities for already low concentration analytes. The 2H12 anti-domoic acid scFv antibody fragment was engineered with cysteine-containing linkers of two different lengths, distal to the antigen binding pocket, for covalent and correctly oriented immobilisation of the scFvs on functionalised solid supports. The Escherichia coli-produced, cysteine-engineered scFvs dimerised in solution and demonstrated similar efficiencies of covalent immobilisation on maleimide-activated plates and minimal non-covalent attachment. The covalently attached scFvs exhibited negligible leaching from the support under acidic conditions that removed almost 50% of the adsorbed wildtype fragment, and IC50s for domoic acid of 270 and 297 ng/mL compared with 1126 and 1482 ng/mL, respectively, for their non-covalently adsorbed counterparts. The expression and immobilisation approach will facilitate the development of stable, reusable biosensors with increased stability and detection sensitivity for marine neurotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J. Gerard Wall
- Microbiology, NUI Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland; E-Mail:
- Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials (NFB), NUI Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +353-91-495-808
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61
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The geometric structures, stabilities, and electronic properties of bimetallic Rb2Aun (n=1–10) clusters: A density functional theory study. J Mol Struct 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2012.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Farrag M, Tschurl M, Dass A, Heiz U. Infra-red spectroscopy of size selected Au25, Au38 and Au144 ligand protected gold clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:12539-42. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp51406d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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63
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Byun JY, Shin YB, Li T, Park JH, Kim DM, Choi DH, Kim MG. The use of an engineered single chain variable fragment in a localized surface plasmon resonance method for analysis of the C-reactive protein. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:9497-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc45046e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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64
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Heinecke CL, Ackerson CJ. Preparation of gold nanocluster bioconjugates for electron microscopy. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 950:293-311. [PMID: 23086882 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-137-0_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this chapter, we describe types of gold nanoparticle-biomolecule conjugates and their use in electron microscopy. Included are two detailed protocols for labeling an IgG antibody with gold monolayer protected clusters. The first approach is a direct bonding approach that utilizes the ligand place exchange reaction. The second approach describes NHS-EDC coupling of Au(144)(pMBA)(60) with IgG. Also included are various characterization techniques for determining labeling efficiency.
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Abstract
Nanoparticle-protein conjugates hold great promise in biomedical applications. Diverse strategies have been developed to link nanoparticles to proteins. This chapter describes a method to assemble and purify nanoparticle-protein conjugates. First, stable and biocompatible 1.5 nm gold nanoparticles are synthesized. Conjugation of the nanoparticle to the protein is then achieved via two different approaches that do not require heavy chemical modifications or cloning: cysteine-gold covalent bonding, or electrostatic attachment of the nanoparticle to charged groups of the protein. Co-functionalization of the nanoparticle with PEG thiols is recommended to help protein folding. Finally, structural characterization is performed with circular dichroism, as this spectroscopy technique has proven to be effective at examining protein secondary structure in nanoparticle-protein conjugates.
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66
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Wang CJ, Kuang XY, Wang HQ, Li HF, Gu JB, Liu J. Density-functional investigation of the geometries, stabilities, electronic, and magnetic properties of gold cluster anions doped with aluminum: (1⩽n⩽8). COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2012.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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67
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Zhong MM, Kuang XY, Wang ZH, Shao P, Ding LP. Probing the structural and electronic properties of aluminum-sulfur Al n S m (2 ≤ n + m ≤ 6) clusters and their oxides. J Mol Model 2012; 19:263-74. [PMID: 22872417 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-012-1544-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Min Zhong
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
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Lee J, Yun KS, Choi CS, Shin SH, Ban HS, Rhim T, Lee SK, Lee KY. T cell-specific siRNA delivery using antibody-conjugated chitosan nanoparticles. Bioconjug Chem 2012; 23:1174-80. [PMID: 22607555 DOI: 10.1021/bc2006219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The intracellular delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) plays a key role in RNA interference (RNAi) and provides an emerging technique to treat various diseases, including infectious diseases. Chitosan has frequently been used in gene delivery applications, including siRNA delivery. However, studies regarding the modification of chitosan with antibodies specifically targeting T cells are lacking. We hypothesized that chitosan nanoparticles modified with T cell-specific antibodies would be useful for delivering siRNA to T cells. CD7-specific single-chain antibody (scFvCD7) was chemically conjugated to chitosan by carbodiimide chemistry, and nanoparticles were prepared by a complex coacervation method in the presence of siRNA. The mean diameter and zeta potential of the scFvCD7-chitosan/siRNA nanoparticles were approximately 320 nm and +17 mV, respectively, and were not significantly influenced by the coupling of antibody to chitosan. The cellular association of antibody-conjugated nanoparticles to CD4+ T cell lines as well as gene silencing efficiency in the cells was significantly improved compared to nonmodified chitosan nanoparticles. This approach to introducing T cell-specific antibody to chitosan nanoparticles may find useful applications for the treatment of various infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jangwook Lee
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research, Hanyang University , Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
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69
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Shao P, Kuang XY, Zhao YR, Li YF, Wang SJ. Equilibrium geometries, stabilities, and electronic properties of the cationic Au n Be + (n = 1-8) clusters: comparison with pure gold clusters. J Mol Model 2012; 18:3553-62. [PMID: 22331107 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-012-1365-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Ab initio method based on density functional theory at PW91PW91 level has been applied in studying the geometrical structures, relative stabilities, and electronic properties of small bimetallic Au(n)Be(+) (n = 1-8) cluster cations. The geometrical optimizations indicate that a transition point from preferentially planar (two-dimensional) to three-dimensional (3D) structures occurs at n = 6. The relative stabilities of Au(n)Be(+) clusters for the ground-state structures are analyzed based on the averaged binding energies, fragmentation energies, and second-order difference of energies. The calculated results reveal that the AuBe(+) and Au(5)Be(+) clusters possess higher relative stability for small size Au(n)Be(+) (n = 1-8) clusters. The HOMO-LUMO energy gaps as a function of the cluster size exhibit a pronounced even-odd alternation phenomenon. Sequently, the natural population analysis and polarizability for our systems have been analyzed and compared further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Shao
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
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Kozlova D, Chernousova S, Knuschke T, Buer J, Westendorf AM, Epple M. Cell targeting by antibody-functionalized calcium phosphatenanoparticles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm14683a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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71
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Haun JB, Pepper LR, Boder ET, Hammer DA. Using engineered single-chain antibodies to correlate molecular binding properties and nanoparticle adhesion dynamics. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:13701-13712. [PMID: 21942413 PMCID: PMC3257898 DOI: 10.1021/la202926m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Elucidation of the relationship between targeting molecule binding properties and the adhesive behavior of therapeutic or diagnostic nanocarriers would aid in the design of optimized vectors and lead to improved efficacy. We measured the adhesion of 200-nm-diameter particles under fluid flow that was mediated by a diverse array of molecular interactions, including recombinant single-chain antibodies (scFvs), full antibodies, and the avidin/biotin interaction. Within the panel of scFvs, we used a family of mutants that display a spectrum of binding kinetics, allowing us to compare nanoparticle adhesion to bond chemistry. In addition, we explored the effect of molecular size by inserting a protein linker into the scFv fusion construct and by employing scFvs that are specific for targets with vastly different sizes. Using computational models, we extracted multivalent kinetic rate constants for particle attachment and detachment from the adhesion data and correlated the results to molecular binding properties. Our results indicate that the factors that increase encounter probability, such as adhesion molecule valency and size, directly enhance the rate of nanoparticle attachment. Bond kinetics had no influence on scFv-mediated nanoparticle attachment within the kinetic range tested, however, but did appear to affect antibody/antigen and avidin/biotin mediated adhesion. We attribute this finding to a combination of multivalent binding and differences in bond mechanical strength between recombinant scFvs and the other adhesion molecules. Nanoparticle detachment probability correlated directly with adhesion molecule valency and size, as well as the logarithm of the affinity for all molecules tested. On the basis of this work, scFvs can serve as viable targeting receptors for nanoparticles, but improvements to their bond mechanical strength would likely be required to fully exploit their tunable kinetic properties and maximize the adhesion efficiency of nanoparticles that bear them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jered B Haun
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States.
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72
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Hu X, O’Connor IB, Wall JG. Antibody Immobilization on Solid Surfaces: Methods and Applications. BIOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS WITH SURFACE CHARGE IN BIOMATERIALS 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/9781849733366-00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The correct immobilization of the antibody component is one of the most critical steps in the development of immunoassays, immunosensors and immunochromatography matrices. Advances in hybridoma technology and protein engineering have allowed traditional limitations of polyreactivity of antibody preparations, poor device stability and random orientation of binding pockets to be largely overcome, resulting in stable, sensitive, highly specific and enormously diverse immunoplatforms with applications in diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and food and public safety. In this Chapter we introduce antibody structure and antibody-derived fragments, describe the most common methods of their immobilization and discuss ‘traditional’ applications of immobilized antibodies such as enzyme immunoassays and immunoaffinity chromatography, as well as exciting emerging uses in immunosensors, microarrays and nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- X. Hu
- National University of Ireland, Galway, Microbiology and Network of Excellence in Functional Biomaterials University Road, Galway Ireland
- Dalian University, Medical School Dalian Development Zone, Dalian China
| | - I. B. O’Connor
- National University of Ireland, Galway, Microbiology and Network of Excellence in Functional Biomaterials University Road, Galway Ireland
| | - J. G. Wall
- National University of Ireland, Galway, Microbiology and Network of Excellence in Functional Biomaterials University Road, Galway Ireland
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73
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Mazzucchelli S, Verderio P, Sommaruga S, Colombo M, Salvadè A, Corsi F, Galeffi P, Tortora P, Prosperi D. Multiple Presentation of Scfv800E6 on Silica Nanospheres Enhances Targeting Efficiency Toward HER-2 Receptor in Breast Cancer Cells. Bioconjug Chem 2011; 22:2296-303. [DOI: 10.1021/bc200352x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Serena Mazzucchelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche
“Luigi Sacco”, Università di Milano, Ospedale L. Sacco, Via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie
e Bioscienze, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Paolo Verderio
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie
e Bioscienze, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Sommaruga
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche
“Luigi Sacco”, Università di Milano, Ospedale L. Sacco, Via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie
e Bioscienze, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Miriam Colombo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche
“Luigi Sacco”, Università di Milano, Ospedale L. Sacco, Via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie
e Bioscienze, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Agnese Salvadè
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche
“Luigi Sacco”, Università di Milano, Ospedale L. Sacco, Via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milano, Italy
| | - Fabio Corsi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche
“Luigi Sacco”, Università di Milano, Ospedale L. Sacco, Via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milano, Italy
| | - Patrizia Galeffi
- UTAGRI-GEN, ENEA,
R. C. Casaccia, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Roma, Italy
| | - Paolo Tortora
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie
e Bioscienze, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Davide Prosperi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie
e Bioscienze, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari, CNR, via Fantoli 16/15, 20138
Milano, Italy
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74
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Chittuluru JR, Chaban Y, Monnet-Saksouk J, Carrozza MJ, Sapountzi V, Selleck W, Huang J, Utley RT, Cramet M, Allard S, Cai G, Workman JL, Fried MG, Tan S, Côté J, Asturias FJ. Structure and nucleosome interaction of the yeast NuA4 and Piccolo-NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complexes. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2011; 18:1196-203. [PMID: 21984211 PMCID: PMC3210417 DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.2128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2010] [Accepted: 07/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We have used electron microscopy (EM) and biochemistry to characterize the structure and nucleosome core particle (NCP) interaction of NuA4, an essential yeast histone acetyltransferase (HAT) complex conserved throughout eukaryotes. The ATM-related Tra1 subunit, shared with the SAGA coactivator, forms a large domain joined to a second portion that accommodates the Piccolo catalytic subcomplex and other NuA4 subunits. EM analysis of an NuA4–NCP complex shows the NCP bound at NuA4's periphery. EM characterization of Piccolo and Piccolo–NCP provided further information about subunit organization and confirmed that histone acetylation requires minimal contact with the NCP. A small conserved region at the N-terminus of Piccolo subunit Epl1 is essential for NCP interaction, whereas subunit Yng2 apparently positions Piccolo for efficient acetylation of H4 or H2A tails. Taken together, these results provide an understanding of NuA4 subunit organization and NCP interactions.
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75
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Cao X, Ye Y, Liu S. Gold nanoparticle-based signal amplification for biosensing. Anal Biochem 2011; 417:1-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2011.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2011] [Revised: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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76
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Lu P, Kuang XY, Mao AJ, Wang ZH, Zhao YR. Structural and electronic properties of silver-doped gold clusters AunAgv(2 ≤ n ≤ 10;v = 0, ±1): comparison with pure gold clusters. Mol Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2011.609147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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77
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Cheng L, Xiao-Yu K, Zhi-Wen L, Ai-Jie M, Yan-Ming M. Determination of Structures, Stabilities, and Electronic Properties for Bimetallic Cesium-Doped Gold Clusters: A Density Functional Theory Study. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:9273-81. [DOI: 10.1021/jp2042153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Cheng
- Department of Physics, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
- National Lab of Superhard Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Kuang Xiao-Yu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- International Centre for Materials Physics, Academia Sinice, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Lu Zhi-Wen
- Department of Physics, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Mao Ai-Jie
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Ma Yan-Ming
- National Lab of Superhard Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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78
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Wallner A, Jafri SHM, Blom T, Gogoll A, Leifer K, Baumgartner J, Ottosson H. Formation and NMR spectroscopy of ω-thiol protected α,ω-alkanedithiol-coated gold nanoparticles and their usage in molecular charge transport junctions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:9057-9067. [PMID: 21667939 DOI: 10.1021/la2019007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) coated with stabilizing molecular monolayers are utilized in areas ranging from life sciences to nanoelectronics. Here we present a novel and facile one-pot single phase procedure for the preparation of stable AuNPs with good dispersity, which are coated with α,ω-alkanedithiols whose outer ω-thiol is protected by a triphenylmethyl group. Using dielectrophoresis we were able to trap these AuNPs, coated with ω-thiol protecting groups, in a 20 nm gold electrode nanogap. The ω-thiol group was then deprotected under acidic conditions in situ once the AuNPs were correctly positioned in the device. The subsequent deprotection resulted in an increase of conductance by up to 3 orders of magnitude, indicating that the isolated dithiol-coated AuNPs were fused into a covalently bonded network with AuNP-molecule-AuNP as well as electrode-molecule-AuNP linkages. Furthermore, complete characterization of the AuNP surface-bonded alkanedithiols was achieved using a series of one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy techniques. Our spectra of the molecule-coated AuNPs show well-resolved signals, only slightly broader than for free molecules in solution, which is in contrast to many earlier reported NMR spectral data of molecules attached to AuNPs. Complementary diffusion NMR spectroscopic experiments were performed to prove that the observed alkanedithiols are definitely surface-bonded species and do not exist in free and unattached form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Wallner
- Department of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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79
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Bresee J, Maier KE, Boncella AE, Melander C, Feldheim DL. Growth inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus by mixed monolayer gold nanoparticles. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2011; 7:2027-2031. [PMID: 21630443 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201100420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2011] [Revised: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jamee Bresee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 215 UCB, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
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80
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Zhao YR, Kuang XY, Shao P, Li CG, Wang SJ, Li YF. A systematic search for the structures, stabilities, and electronic properties of bimetallic Ca₂-doped gold clusters: comparison with pure gold clusters. J Mol Model 2011; 18:1333-43. [PMID: 21748329 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-011-1154-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The local meta-GGA exchange correlation density functional (TPSS) with a relativistic effective core potential was employed to systematically investigate the geometric structures, stabilities, and electronic properties of bimetallic Ca(2)Au( n ) (n = 1-9) and pure gold Au( n ) (n ≤ 11) clusters. The optimized geometries show that the most stable isomers for Ca(2)Au( n ) clusters have 3D structure when n > 2, and that one Au atom capping the Ca(2)Au( n-1) structure for different-sized Ca(2)Au( n ) (n = 1-9) clusters is the dominant growth pattern. The average atomic binding energies and second-order difference in energies show that the Ca(2)Au(4) isomer is the most stable among the Ca(2)Au( n ) clusters. The same pronounced even-odd alternations are found in the HOMO-LUMO gaps, VIPs, and hardnesses. The polarizabilities of the Ca(2)Au( n ) clusters show an obvious local minimum at n = 4. Moreover, the inverse corrections to the polarizabilities versus the ionization potential and hardness were found for the gold clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ru Zhao
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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81
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Zhu M, Chan G, Qian H, Jin R. Unexpected reactivity of Au25(SCH2CH2Ph)18 nanoclusters with salts. NANOSCALE 2011; 3:1703-1707. [PMID: 21321757 DOI: 10.1039/c0nr00878h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We report some interesting results of the chemical reactivity of thiolate-protected [Au(25)(SCH(2)CH(2)Ph)(18)](0) nanoclusters with two types of salts, including tetraoctylammonium halide (TOAX) and NaX. At the early stage of the reaction, [Au(25)(SCH(2)CH(2)Ph)(18)](0) was found to spontaneously convert to its anionic form ([Au(25)(SCH(2)CH(2)Ph)(18)](-)) in the presence of either type of salt. However, a large difference was observed in the second stage of the reaction. With NaX, we observed decomposition of anionic clusters, while with TOAX, the clusters show excellent stability. We have gained some insight into the reaction mechanism. The X(-) ions seem to attack [Au(25)(SCH(2)CH(2)Ph)(18)](q) surface and displace some thiolates, evidenced by the observation of halide-bound clusters such as Au(25)(SCH(2)CH(2)Ph)(18-x)Br(x) in mass spectrometry analysis. These halide-bound clusters show a reduced stability, and their decomposition into Au(I) complexes leads to the release of gold valence electrons of the clusters; concurrently, the non-halide-bound [Au(25)(SCH(2)CH(2)Ph)(18)](0) clusters are reduced into [Au(25)(SCH(2)CH(2)Ph)(18)](-). For the second stage of reaction with organic salts such as TOA-Br, after [Au(25)(SCH(2)CH(2)Ph)(18)](0) clusters are converted to [Au(25)(SCH(2)CH(2)Ph)(18)](-)) the TOA(+) counterions surprisingly protect the anionic clusters from further attack by halide ions, hence, TOA(+) cations can stabilize [Au(25)(SCH(2)CH(2)Ph)(18)](-) clusters. In contrast, with NaX salts the Na(+) ions do not provide any steric stabilization of the [Au(25)(SCH(2)CH(2)Ph)(18)](-) clusters, hence, degradation occurs when being further attacked by halide ions, especially Br(-) and I(-).
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Affiliation(s)
- Manzhou Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China.
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82
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Chung JW, Guo Y, Priestley RD, Kwak SY. Colloidal gold nanoparticle formation derived from self-assembled supramolecular structure of cyclodextrin/Au salt complex. NANOSCALE 2011; 3:1766-1772. [PMID: 21321758 DOI: 10.1039/c0nr00894j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel procedure for the formation of colloidal gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) derived from the supramolecular self-assembled structure of a cyclodextrin (CD)/Au salt complex (SCA) without the necessity for additional reducing or stabilizing agents. The SCA served as a solid template for the formation of gold seeds by solid-state thermal treatment within the confining environment of the α-CD, i.e., the matrix of the SCA. Subsequently, thermally treated SCA, denoted as T-SCA, was placed (without further treatment) into an aqueous medium and gold seeds were nucleated for the formation of α-CD-stabilized AuNPs at room temperature. The surface topology of SCA, as revealed by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), consisted of flaky plate-like structures. Wide angle X-ray diffraction (WXRD) revealed that the surface topology of SCA resulted from a transformation in the crystalline structure of α-CD from the cage-type to the hexagonally ordered channel-type. The structure transformation on the surface of SCA was attributed to the nucleated self-assembly of surface α-CD molecules by Au salt. From combined FE-SEM, energy-dispersed X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS), WXRD and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results, it was concluded that the thermal treatment of SCA led to the formation of gold seeds, attributed to the reduction and aggregation of some Au salt molecules, confined within the interface between the cage-type and channel type structure of the SCA. After placement of T-SCA into an aqueous solution, the growth and stabilization of AuNPs by α-CD were verified by UV-vis spectroscopy. The formation of AuNPs, by this novel method, can be considered a one step seed-mediated growth process. The resulting AuNPs are spherical in morphology, narrowly size distributed and possesses excellent stability. Furthermore, the AuNPs size is tunable by simply controlling water content during nanoparticle growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Woo Chung
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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83
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Levi-Kalisman Y, Jadzinsky PD, Kalisman N, Tsunoyama H, Tsukuda T, Bushnell DA, Kornberg RD. Synthesis and Characterization of Au102(p-MBA)44 Nanoparticles. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:2976-82. [DOI: 10.1021/ja109131w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yael Levi-Kalisman
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Pablo D. Jadzinsky
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Nir Kalisman
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Hironori Tsunoyama
- Section of Catalytic Assemblies, Catalysis Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Tsukuda
- Section of Catalytic Assemblies, Catalysis Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - David A. Bushnell
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Roger D. Kornberg
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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84
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Shao P, Kuang XY, Zhao YR, Wang HQ, Li YF. Structural, electronic and magnetic properties of gold cluster doped with calcium: AunCa (n = 1–8). Mol Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2010.521778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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85
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Thielbeer F, Donaldson K, Bradley M. Zeta Potential Mediated Reaction Monitoring on Nano and Microparticles. Bioconjug Chem 2011; 22:144-50. [DOI: 10.1021/bc1005015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Thielbeer
- University of Edinburgh, School of Chemistry, King’s Buildings, Joseph Black Building, West Mains Road, EH9 3JJ, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ken Donaldson
- ELEGI Colt Laboratory, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, EH16 4TJ, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Bradley
- University of Edinburgh, School of Chemistry, King’s Buildings, Joseph Black Building, West Mains Road, EH9 3JJ, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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86
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Zhao YR, Kuang XY, Zheng BB, Li YF, Wang SJ. Equilibrium Geometries, Stabilities, and Electronic Properties of the Bimetallic M2-doped Aun (M = Ag, Cu; n = 1−10) Clusters: Comparison with Pure Gold Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2010; 115:569-76. [PMID: 21192697 DOI: 10.1021/jp108695z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ru Zhao
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Kuang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- International Centre for Materials Physics, Academia Sinica, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Bao-Bing Zheng
- Department of Physics, Baoji University of Arts and Science, Baoji 721007, China
| | - Yan-Fang Li
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Su-Juan Wang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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87
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Pérez-López B, Merkoçi A. Nanoparticles for the development of improved (bio)sensing systems. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 399:1577-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4566-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2010] [Revised: 11/25/2010] [Accepted: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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88
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Li Q, So CR, Fegan A, Cody V, Sarikaya M, Vallera DA, Wagner CR. Chemically self-assembled antibody nanorings (CSANs): design and characterization of an anti-CD3 IgM biomimetic. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:17247-57. [PMID: 21077608 PMCID: PMC3342400 DOI: 10.1021/ja107153a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A number of clever recombinant methodologies have been developed that recapitulate the valencies of IgG's (bivalent) and IgA's (tetravalent). Although higher synthetic valencies have been achieved by conjugation of either monoclonal antibodies or single-chain antibodies to nanoparticles and liposomes, a method for the preparation of recombinant antibodies with valencies similar to IgM's (decavalent) but considerably less than what is generally found after antibody particle conjugation has yet to be devised. Recently, we have developed a methodology for the design of bivalent Chemically Self-Assembled Antibody Nanorings (CSANs). We now report the crystal structure of the nanoring subunit composed of the E. coli DHFR dimer and a methotrexate dimerizer (MTX2-C9) containing a visible nine methylene linker and a protocol for the preparation of CSANs from this subunit with valencies similar to IgM's, ranging from 8-10 single chain antibodies (scFvs). The multivalent CSANs were reversibly assembled from a fusion protein dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR)-DHFR-antiCD3 scFv containing a single glycine linker between the two DHFR scaffolding proteins. We also demonstrate that, similar to the parental bivalent anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (mAB), anti-CD3 CSANs selectively bind to CD3+ leukemia cells and undergo rapid internalization through a caveolin-independent pathway that requires cholesterol, actin polymerization, and protein tyrosine kinase activation. While treatment with the monoclonal antibody leads to T-cell activation and nearly complete loss (i.e., 90%) of the surface displayed T-cell receptor (TCR), only 25-30% of the TCR down regulate and no significant T-cell proliferation is observed after treatment of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with anti-CD3 CSANs. Consistent with the proliferation findings, 15-25% less CD25 (IL-2 receptor) was found on the surface of PBMCs treated with either the polyvalent or bivalent anti-CD3 CSANs, respectively, than on PBMCs treated with the parental mAB. Comparative experiments with F(ab')2 derived from the mAB confirm that the activation of the T-cells by the mAB is dependent on the Fc domain, and thus interactions of the PBMC T-cells with accessory cells, such as macrophages. Taken together, our results demonstrate that anti-CD3 CSANs with valencies ranging from 2 to 8 could be employed for radionuclide, drug, or potentially oligonucleotide delivery to T-cells without, as has been observed for other antibody conjugated nanoparticles, the deleterious effects of activation observed for mAB. Further the CSAN construct may be adapted for the preparation of other multivalent scFvs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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89
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Basiruddin SK, Saha A, Sarkar R, Majumder M, Jana NR. Highly fluorescent magnetic quantum dot probe with superior colloidal stability. NANOSCALE 2010; 2:2561-2564. [PMID: 20865204 DOI: 10.1039/c0nr00501k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A magnetic quantum dot (MQD) based cellular nanoprobe, composed of a magnetic oxide nanoparticle component and a quantum dot component, has been synthesized and used for both imaging and separation. The successful synthesis is based on a reverse micelle based polyacrylate coating in the presence of component nanoparticles, followed by their functionalization via conjugation chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Basiruddin
- Centre for Advanced Materials, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, 700032, India
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90
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Sexton JZ, Ackerson CJ. Determination of Rigidity of Protein Bound Au(144) Clusters by Electron Cryomicroscopy. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2010; 114:16037-16042. [PMID: 21116473 PMCID: PMC2992337 DOI: 10.1021/jp101970x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A method for estimating the positional displacement of protein bound gold nanoparticles is presented and used to estimate the rigidity of linkage of Au(144) nanoparticles bound to a tetrameric model protein. We observe a distribution of displacement values where most Au(144) clusters are immobilized to within 3Å relative to the protein center of mass. The shape of the distribution suggests two physical processes of thermal motion and protein deformation. The application of this and similar rigid gold nanoparticle/protein conjugates in high resolution single particle electron cryo-microscopy is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Z. Sexton
- Department of Structural Biology, 299 Campus Drive West, Stanford, CA 94305
- Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC
| | - Christopher J. Ackerson
- Department of Structural Biology, 299 Campus Drive West, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521
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91
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Krpetić Z, Nativo P, Porta F, Brust M. A multidentate peptide for stabilization and facile bioconjugation of gold nanoparticles. Bioconjug Chem 2010; 20:619-24. [PMID: 19220052 DOI: 10.1021/bc8003028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles of two different sizes stabilized by a 15-mer peptide ligand specifically designed for this purpose have been prepared in aqueous solution and characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy and TEM. The presence of the ligand and its binding mode to the particles via its four cystein thiols is evidenced by FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. Biotinylation of the particles via binding to a freely accessible lysine residue is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeljka Krpetić
- Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica Metallorganica Analitica Lamberto Malatesta, University of Milan, Via Venezian 21, Milan, Italy
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92
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Powell RD, Hainfeld JF. Preparation and high-resolution microscopy of gold cluster labeled nucleic acid conjugates and nanodevices. Micron 2010; 42:163-74. [PMID: 20869258 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2010.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2010] [Revised: 08/18/2010] [Accepted: 08/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Nanogold and undecagold are covalently linked gold cluster labels which enable the identification and localization of biological components with molecular precision and resolution. They can be prepared with different reactivities, which means they can be conjugated to a wide variety of molecules, including nucleic acids, at specific, unique sites. The location of these sites can be synthetically programmed in order to preserve the binding affinity of the conjugate and impart novel characteristics and useful functionality. Methods for the conjugation of undecagold and Nanogold to DNA and RNA are discussed, and applications of labeled conjugates to the high-resolution microscopic identification of binding sites and characterization of biological macromolecular assemblies are described. In addition to providing insights into their molecular structure and function, high-resolution microscopic methods also show how Nanogold and undecagold conjugates can be synthetically assembled, or self-assemble, into supramolecular materials to which the gold cluster labels impart useful functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard D Powell
- Nanoprobes, Incorporated, 95 Horseblock Road, Unit 1, Yaphank, NY 11980, United States.
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93
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Waddell JN, Mullen DG, Orr BG, Banaszak Holl MM, Sander LM. Origin of broad polydispersion in functionalized dendrimers and its effects on cancer-cell binding affinity. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2010; 82:036108. [PMID: 21230140 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.82.036108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2010] [Revised: 05/20/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles with multiple ligands have been proposed for use in nanomedicine. The multiple targeting ligands on each nanoparticle can bind to several locations on a cell surface facilitating both drug targeting and uptake. Experiments show that the distribution of conjugated ligands is unexpectedly broad, and the desorption rate appears to depend exponentially upon the mean number of attached ligands. These two findings are explained with a model in which ligands conjugate to the nanoparticle with a positive cooperativity of ≈4 kT , and that nanoparticles bound to a surface by multiple bonds are permanently affixed. This drives new analysis of the data, which confirms that there is only one time constant for desorption, that of a nanoparticle bound to the surface by a single bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack N Waddell
- Department of Mathematics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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94
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Kennedy DC, Hoop KA, Tay LL, Pezacki JP. Development of nanoparticle probes for multiplex SERS imaging of cell surface proteins. NANOSCALE 2010; 2:1413-6. [PMID: 20820725 DOI: 10.1039/c0nr00122h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Multiplexed SERS imaging of receptor proteins on the surface of mammalian cells has been carried out using functionalized silver nanoparticles. Deconvolution of four differently functionalized nanoparticles is readily achieved, and using this approach, receptor co-localization can be probed and protein-protein interactions can be elucidated at the surface of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Kennedy
- Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, K1A 0R6, Canada
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95
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Saha A, Basiruddin SK, Pradhan N, Jana NR. Ligand exchange approach in deriving magnetic-fluorescent and magnetic-plasmonic hybrid nanoparticle. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:4351-4356. [PMID: 20214397 DOI: 10.1021/la903428r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We report here ligand-exchange-based synthesis of magnetic-plasmonic and magnetic-fluorescent hybrid nanoparticles such as gamma-Fe(2)O(3)-QD, gamma-Fe(2)O(3)-Au, and gamma-Fe(2)O(3)-Ag. In this approach the surface ligands of hydrophobic gamma-Fe(2)O(3) nanoparticles are replaced by terminal amine/carboxylate functional groups of core-shell type hydrophilic QD/Au/Ag nanoparticle, with a resultant water-soluble hybrid nanoparticle. These water-soluble hybrid materials exhibit good colloidal stability, retain the property of each component nanoparticle, and are approximately 20-35 nm in diameter. Various functional nanoparticles can be derived from these hybrid nanoparticles for simultaneous optical sensing, imaging, and magnetic separation applications. Glucose, oleylamine, and TAT peptide-functionalized nanoprobes are prepared from these hybrid nanoparticles. Glucose-functionalized gamma-Fe(2)O(3)-Au and gamma-Fe(2)O(3)-Ag are used for plasmon-based optical detection of protein as well as magnetic separation applications. TAT peptide- and oleylamine-functionalized gamma-Fe(2)O(3)-QD are used for fluorescence-based cell imaging and magnetic cell separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Saha
- Centre for Advanced Materials, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
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96
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Cliffel DE, Turner BN, Huffman BJ. Nanoparticle-based biologic mimetics. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2010; 1:47-59. [PMID: 20049778 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Centered on solid chemistry foundations, biology and materials science have reached a crossroad where bottom-up designs of new biologically important nanomaterials are a reality. The topics discussed here present the interdisciplinary field of creating biological mimics. Specifically, this discussion focuses on mimics that are developed using various types of metal nanoparticles (particularly gold) through facile synthetic methods. These methods conjugate biologically relevant molecules, e.g., small molecules, peptides, proteins, and carbohydrates, in conformationally favorable orientations on the particle surface. These new products provide stable, safe, and effective substitutes for working with potentially hazardous biologicals for applications such as drug targeting, immunological studies, biosensor development, and biocatalysis. Many standard bioanalytical techniques can be used to characterize and validate the efficacy of these new materials, including quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Metal nanoparticle-based biomimetics continue to be developed as potential replacements for the native biomolecule in applications of immunoassays and catalysis.
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97
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Ackerson CJ, Jadzinsky PD, Sexton JZ, Bushnell DA, Kornberg RD. Synthesis and bioconjugation of 2 and 3 nm-diameter gold nanoparticles. Bioconjug Chem 2010; 21:214-8. [PMID: 20099843 PMCID: PMC3113727 DOI: 10.1021/bc900135d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
By adjustment of solvent conditions for synthesis, virtually monodisperse 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (p-MBA) monolayer-protected gold nanoparticles, 2 and 3 nm in diameter, were obtained. Large single crystals of the 2 nm particles could be grown from the reaction mixture. Uniformity was also demonstrated by the formation of two-dimensional arrays and by quantitative high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy. The 2 and 3 nm particles were spontaneously reactive for conjugation with proteins and DNA, and further reaction could be prevented by repassivation with glutathione. Conjugates with antibody Fc fragment could be used to identify TAP-tagged proteins of interest in electron micrographs, through the binding of a pair of particles to the pair of protein A domains in the TAP tag.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Ackerson
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford School of Medicine, 299 Campus Drive West, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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98
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Wang HQ, Kuang XY, Li HF. Density functional study of structural and electronic properties of bimetallic copper–gold clusters: comparison with pure and doped gold clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:5156-65. [DOI: 10.1039/b923003c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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99
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Bresee J, Maier KE, Melander C, Feldheim DL. Identification of antibiotics using small molecule variable ligand display on gold nanoparticles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:7516-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc02663h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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100
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Ackerson CJ, Powell RD, Hainfeld JF. Site-specific biomolecule labeling with gold clusters. Methods Enzymol 2010; 481:195-230. [PMID: 20887859 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(10)81009-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Site-specific labeling of biomolecules in vitro with gold clusters can enhance the information content of electron cryomicroscopy experiments. This chapter provides a practical overview of well-established techniques for forming biomolecule/gold cluster conjugates. Three bioconjugation chemistries are covered: linker-mediated bioconjugation, direct gold-biomolecule bonding, and coordination-mediated bonding of nickel(II) nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA)-derivatized gold clusters to polyhistidine (His)-tagged proteins.
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