51
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Islam J, Riley BT, Fercher C, Jones ML, Buckle AM, Howard CB, Cox RP, Bell TDM, Mahler S, Corrie SR. Wavelength-Dependent Fluorescent Immunosensors via Incorporation of Polarity Indicators near the Binding Interface of Antibody Fragments. Anal Chem 2019; 91:7631-7638. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaul Islam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent BioNano Science and Technology, Monash University, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Blake T. Riley
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Christian Fercher
- Department of Chemical Engineering, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent BioNano Science and Technology, Monash University, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Martina L. Jones
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD 4072, Australia
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Ashley M. Buckle
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Christopher B. Howard
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD 4072, Australia
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Rosalind P. Cox
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Toby D. M. Bell
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Stephen Mahler
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD 4072, Australia
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Simon R. Corrie
- Department of Chemical Engineering, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent BioNano Science and Technology, Monash University, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD 4072, Australia
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52
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Chio TI, Gu H, Mukherjee K, Tumey LN, Bane SL. Site-Specific Bioconjugation and Multi-Bioorthogonal Labeling via Rapid Formation of a Boron-Nitrogen Heterocycle. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:1554-1564. [PMID: 31026151 PMCID: PMC6585445 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Precise control of covalent bond formation in the presence of multiple functional groups is pertinent in the development of many next-generation bioconjugates and materials. Strategies derived from bioorthogonal chemistries are contributing greatly in that regard; however, the gain of chemoselectivity is often compromised by the slow rates of many of these existing chemistries. Recent work on a variation of the classical aldehyde/ketone condensation based on ortho-carbonylphenylboronic acids has uncovered markedly accelerated rates compared to those of the simple carbonyl counterparts. The products of these reactions are distinct, often in the form of boron-nitrogen heterocycles. In particular, we have shown that 2-formylphenylboronic acid (2fPBA), when coupled with an α-amino-hydrazide, produces a unique zwitterionic and stable 2,3,1-benzodiazaborine derivative. In this work, we apply this chemistry to generate chemically defined and functional bioconjugates, herein illustrated with immunoconjugates. We show that an antibody and a fluorophore (as payload) equipped with the relevant reactive handles undergo rapid conjugation at near-stoichiometric ratios, displaying a reaction half-life of only ∼5 min with 2 equiv of the linker payload. Importantly, the reaction can be extended to multicomponent labeling by partnering with the popular strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition and tetrazine- trans-cyclooctene (Tz-TCO) ligation. The mutual orthogonality to both of these chemistries allows simultaneous triple bioorthogonal conjugations, a rare feat thus far that will widen the scope of various multilabeling applications. Further collaboration with the Tz-TCO reaction enables rapid one-pot synthesis of a site-specific dual-payload antibody conjugate. Altogether, we envision that the 2fPBA-α-amino-hydrazide ligation will facilitate efficient assembly of diverse bioconjugates and materials, enabling access to more complex modalities via partnership with other orthogonal chemistries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tak Ian Chio
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Han Gu
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Kamalika Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - L. Nathan Tumey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Susan L. Bane
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
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53
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Shemsi AM, Khanday FA, Qurashi A, Khalil A, Guerriero G, Siddiqui KS. Site-directed chemically-modified magnetic enzymes: fabrication, improvements, biotechnological applications and future prospects. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 37:357-381. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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54
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Ou X, Cao J, Cheng A, Peppelenbosch MP, Pan Q. Errors in translational decoding: tRNA wobbling or misincorporation? PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008017. [PMID: 30921315 PMCID: PMC6438450 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As the central dogma of molecular biology, genetic information flows from DNA through transcription into RNA followed by translation of the message into protein by transfer RNAs (tRNAs). However, mRNA translation is not always perfect, and errors in the amino acid composition may occur. Mistranslation is generally well tolerated, but once it reaches superphysiological levels, it can give rise to a plethora of diseases. The key causes of mistranslation are errors in translational decoding of the codons in mRNA. Such errors mainly derive from tRNA misdecoding and misacylation, especially when certain codon-paired tRNA species are missing. Substantial progress has recently been made with respect to the mechanistic basis of erroneous mRNA decoding as well as the resulting consequences for physiology and pathology. Here, we aim to review this progress with emphasis on viral evolution and cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xumin Ou
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jingyu Cao
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Research Center of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- * E-mail: (AC); (QP)
| | - Maikel P. Peppelenbosch
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Qiuwei Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- * E-mail: (AC); (QP)
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55
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Luthra A, Langley DB, Schofield P, Jackson J, Abdelatti M, Rouet R, Nevoltris D, Mazigi O, Crossett B, Christie M, Christ D. Human Antibody Bispecifics through Phage Display Selection. Biochemistry 2019; 58:1701-1704. [PMID: 30900875 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We developed a repertoire approach to generate human antibody bispecifics. Using phage display selection of antibody heavy chains in the presence of a competitor light chain and providing a cognate light chain with an affinity handle, we identified mutations that prevent heavy/light chain mispairing. The strategy allows for the selection of human antibody chains that autonomously assemble into bispecifics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansha Luthra
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research , 384 Victoria Road , Darlinghurst, Sydney , New South Wales 2010 , Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, St Vincent's Clinical School , The University of New South Wales , Darlinghurst, Sydney , New South Wales 2010 , Australia
| | - David B Langley
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research , 384 Victoria Road , Darlinghurst, Sydney , New South Wales 2010 , Australia
| | - Peter Schofield
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research , 384 Victoria Road , Darlinghurst, Sydney , New South Wales 2010 , Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, St Vincent's Clinical School , The University of New South Wales , Darlinghurst, Sydney , New South Wales 2010 , Australia
| | - Jennifer Jackson
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research , 384 Victoria Road , Darlinghurst, Sydney , New South Wales 2010 , Australia
| | - Mahmoud Abdelatti
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research , 384 Victoria Road , Darlinghurst, Sydney , New South Wales 2010 , Australia
| | - Romain Rouet
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research , 384 Victoria Road , Darlinghurst, Sydney , New South Wales 2010 , Australia
| | - Damien Nevoltris
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research , 384 Victoria Road , Darlinghurst, Sydney , New South Wales 2010 , Australia
| | - Ohan Mazigi
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research , 384 Victoria Road , Darlinghurst, Sydney , New South Wales 2010 , Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, St Vincent's Clinical School , The University of New South Wales , Darlinghurst, Sydney , New South Wales 2010 , Australia
| | - Ben Crossett
- Sydney Mass Spectrometry, Charles Perkins Centre , The University of Sydney , Camperdown, Sydney , New South Wales 2006 , Australia
| | - Mary Christie
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute , 405 Liverpool Street , Darlinghurst , New South Wales 2010 , Australia
| | - Daniel Christ
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research , 384 Victoria Road , Darlinghurst, Sydney , New South Wales 2010 , Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, St Vincent's Clinical School , The University of New South Wales , Darlinghurst, Sydney , New South Wales 2010 , Australia
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56
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Wang Y, Dong M, Ye M. A chemoenzymatic approach enables the site-specific conjugation of recombinant proteins. Electrophoresis 2019; 40:2125-2128. [PMID: 30793337 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Many biotechniques including protein microarray, drug screening, biosensors rely on the immobilization of recombinant proteins on the solid supports. It is well known that random orientation of the immobilized proteins could impair their biologic functions. Thus, it is very important to develop new site-specific immobilization approach. In this study, we presented a chemoenzymatic approach for site-specific conjugation of recombinant proteins onto solid support. In this strategy, the affinity tag on recombinant protein was enzymatically cleaved to expose the N-terminal serine, which was oxidized to carry an aldehyde group and was then covalently coupled to hydrazide resin through hydrazone ligation. As this approach takes advantage of the most frequently used TEV protease, it requires no further sequence design on recombinant protein. This method was validated by site specific coupling of a synthetic peptide and a recombinant protein onto solid supports. It was found that the site specific immobilized SH2 domain is functional and could be used to enrich tyrosine phosphorylated peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China.,National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Mingming Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China.,Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Mingliang Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China.,National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, P. R. China
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57
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Canovas C, Moreau M, Vrigneaud JM, Bellaye PS, Collin B, Denat F, Goncalves V. Modular Assembly of Multimodal Imaging Agents through an Inverse Electron Demand Diels-Alder Reaction. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:888-897. [PMID: 30742423 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The combination of two imaging probes on the same biomolecule gives access to targeted bimodal imaging agents that can provide more accurate diagnosis, complementary information, or that may be used in different applications, such as nuclear imaging and fluorescence guided surgery. In this study, we demonstrate that dichlorotetrazine, a small, commercially available compound, can be used as a modular platform to easily assemble various imaging probes. Doubly labeled tetrazines can then be conjugated to a protein through a biorthogonal IEDDA reaction. A series of difunctionalized tetrazine compounds containing various chelating agents and fluorescent dyes was synthesized. As a proof of concept, one of these bimodal probes was conjugated to trastuzumab, previously modified with a constrained alkyne group, and the resulting dual-labeled antibody was evaluated in a mouse model, bearing a HER2-positive tumor. A significant uptake into tumor tissues was observed in vivo, by both SPECT-CT and fluorescence imaging, and confirmed ex vivo in biodistribution studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coline Canovas
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, UMR6302, CNRS , Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté , 9 avenue Alain Savary , 21000 , Dijon , France
| | - Mathieu Moreau
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, UMR6302, CNRS , Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté , 9 avenue Alain Savary , 21000 , Dijon , France
| | - Jean-Marc Vrigneaud
- Georges-François LECLERC Cancer Center - UNICANCER , 1 rue Pr Marion , 21079 , Dijon , France
| | - Pierre-Simon Bellaye
- Georges-François LECLERC Cancer Center - UNICANCER , 1 rue Pr Marion , 21079 , Dijon , France
| | - Bertrand Collin
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, UMR6302, CNRS , Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté , 9 avenue Alain Savary , 21000 , Dijon , France.,Georges-François LECLERC Cancer Center - UNICANCER , 1 rue Pr Marion , 21079 , Dijon , France
| | - Franck Denat
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, UMR6302, CNRS , Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté , 9 avenue Alain Savary , 21000 , Dijon , France
| | - Victor Goncalves
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, UMR6302, CNRS , Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté , 9 avenue Alain Savary , 21000 , Dijon , France
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58
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Zang B, Ren J, Li D, Huang C, Ma H, Peng Q, Ji F, Han L, Jia L. Freezing-assisted synthesis of covalent C-C linked bivalent and bispecific nanobodies. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:257-263. [PMID: 30357229 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02323a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Bi-valent/specific antibodies are coming to the forefront of therapeutic and diagnostic applications for extending the functions of conventional antibodies. Nanobodies as building blocks, due to their small sizes, are prone to synthesizing these homo/hetero-dimers. However, the classical C-terminus to N-terminus (C-N) ligation manner for generating the dimer results in the inhibition of the antigen-binding capacity of the bivalent/specific antibodies. In this study, we designed and constructed several C-terminus to C-terminus (C-C) linked bivalent and bispecific nanobodies against the human β2-microglobulin via freezing, overcoming the biological function-disrupt raised by the C-N ligation. The nanobody modified by the formylglycine generating enzyme was ligated to a hydrazide or aminooxy bi-functionalized linker. During the process, we discovered that freezing significantly improved the efficiency of hydrazone or oxime formation between the linker and nanobodies, which could not take place at room temperature. By freezing from -10 to -20 °C, up to 50% yield of bivalent nanobodies was achieved within 24 h. The C-C linked nanobody-fusions maintained almost all of its binding activity and exhibited an increase by two orders of magnitudes in affinity kinetics, demonstrating the superiority of C-C over the C-N linking approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berlin Zang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Imaging, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China.
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59
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Kang M, Lu Y, Chen S, Tian F. Harnessing the power of an expanded genetic code toward next-generation biopharmaceuticals. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2018; 46:123-129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2018.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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60
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Huang Y, Liu T. Therapeutic applications of genetic code expansion. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2018; 3:150-158. [PMID: 30345400 PMCID: PMC6190509 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In nature, a limited, conservative set of amino acids are utilized to synthesize proteins. Genetic code expansion technique reassigns codons and incorporates noncanonical amino acids (ncAAs) through orthogonal aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (aaRS)/tRNA pairs. The past decade has witnessed the rapid growth in diversity and scope for therapeutic applications of this technology. Here, we provided an update on the recent progress using genetic code expansion in the following areas: antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), bispecific antibodies (BsAb), immunotherapies, long-lasting protein therapeutics, biosynthesized peptides, engineered viruses and cells, as well as other therapeutic related applications, where the technique was used to elucidate the mechanisms of biotherapeutics and drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
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61
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O'Brien JGK, Chintala SR, Fox JM. Stereoselective Synthesis of Bicyclo[6.1.0]nonene Precursors of the Bioorthogonal Reagents s-TCO and BCN. J Org Chem 2018; 83:7500-7503. [PMID: 29171257 PMCID: PMC6180907 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The cyclooctyne BCN and the trans-cyclooctene s-TCO are widely used in bioorthogonal chemistry. A bottleneck for their synthesis had been a poorly selective cyclopropanation with ethyl diazoacetate. Here, we describe that low catalyst loadings (0.27 mol %) of Rh2( S-BHTL)4 provide the BCN precursor with 79:21 syn/ anti selectivity. The synthesis of the s-TCO precursor was best achieved through a sequence of Rh2(OAc)4 (0.33 mol %)-catalyzed cyclopropanation, followed by ester hydrolysis under epimerizing conditions. Both sequences could be carried out on multigram scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica G K O'Brien
- Brown Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware , Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States
| | - Srinivasa R Chintala
- Brown Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware , Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States
| | - Joseph M Fox
- Brown Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware , Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States
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62
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin A. Modica
- Departments of Chemistry and Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60201, United States
| | - Yao Lin
- Departments of Chemistry and Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60201, United States
| | - Milan Mrksich
- Departments of Chemistry and Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60201, United States
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63
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Abstract
Our understanding of the complex molecular processes of living organisms at the molecular level is growing exponentially. This knowledge, together with a powerful arsenal of tools for manipulating the structures of macromolecules, is allowing chemists to to harness and reprogram the cellular machinery in ways previously unimaged. Here we review one example in which the genetic code itself has been expanded with new building blocks that allow us to probe and manipulate the structures and functions of proteins with unprecedented precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas D. Young
- Department of Chemistry, College of William & Mary,
P.O. Box 8795, Williamsburg, VA 23187 (USA)
| | - Peter G. Schultz
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute,
La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA),
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64
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Lyu Z, Kang L, Buuh ZY, Jiang D, McGuth JC, Du J, Wissler HL, Cai W, Wang RE. A Switchable Site-Specific Antibody Conjugate. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:958-964. [PMID: 29461804 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.8b00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Genetic incorporation of unnatural amino acids (UAAs) provides a unique approach to the synthesis of site-specific antibody conjugates that are homogeneous and better defined constructs than random conjugates. Yet, the yield varies for every antibody, and the process is costly and time-consuming. We have developed a switchable αGCN4-Fab conjugate that incorporates UAA p-acetylphenylalanine. The GCN4 peptide is used as a switch, and antibodies fused by GCN4 can direct the αGCN4-Fab conjugate to target different cancer cells for diagnosis, imaging, or therapeutic treatment. More importantly, this switchable conjugate demonstrated an impressive potential for pretargeted imaging in vivo. This approach illustrates the utility of an orthogonal switch as a general strategy to endow versatility to a single antibody conjugate, which should facilitate the application of UAA-based site-specific conjugates for a host of biomedical uses in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Lyu
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Lei Kang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Zakey Yusuf Buuh
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Dawei Jiang
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Jeffrey C. McGuth
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Juanjuan Du
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Haley L. Wissler
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Weibo Cai
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Rongsheng E. Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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65
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Abstract
Harnessing the power of the human immune system to treat cancer is the essence of immunotherapy. Monoclonal antibodies engage the innate immune system to destroy targeted cells. For the last 30years, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity have been the main mechanisms of anti-tumor action of unconjugated antibody drugs. Efforts to exploit the potentials of other immune cells, in particular T cells, culminated in the recent approval of two T cell engaging bispecific antibody (T-BsAb) drugs, thereby stimulating new efforts to accelerate similar platforms through preclinical and clinical trials. In this review, we have compiled the worldwide effort in exploring T cell engaging bispecific antibodies. Our special emphasis is on the lessons learned, with the hope to derive insights in this fast evolving field with tremendous clinical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - N V Cheung
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, United States.
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66
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Zhou Q. Site-Specific Antibody Conjugation for ADC and Beyond. Biomedicines 2017; 5:biomedicines5040064. [PMID: 29120405 PMCID: PMC5744088 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines5040064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have become a promising class of antitumor agents with four conjugates being approved by regulatory agencies for treating cancer patients. To improve the conventional conjugations that are currently applied to generate these heterogeneous products, various site-specific approaches have been developed. These methods couple cytotoxins or chemotherapeutic drugs to specifically defined sites in antibody molecules including cysteine, glutamine, unnatural amino acids, short peptide tags, and glycans. The ADCs produced showed high homogeneity, increased therapeutic index, and strong antitumor activities in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, there are recent trends in using these next generation technologies beyond the cytotoxin-conjugated ADC. These site-specific conjugations have been applied for the generation of many different immunoconjugates including bispecific Fab or small molecule–antibody conjugates, immunosuppressive antibodies, and antibody–antibiotic conjugates. Thus, it is likely that additional technologies and related site-specific conjugates will emerge in the near future, with various chemicals or small molecular weight proteins in addition to cytotoxin for better treatment of many challenging diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Zhou
- Protein Engineering, Biologics Research, Sanofi, Framingham, MA 01701, USA.
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67
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Patterson JT, Isaacson J, Kerwin L, Atassi G, Duggal R, Bresson D, Zhu T, Zhou H, Fu Y, Kaufmann GF. PSMA-targeted bispecific Fab conjugates that engage T cells. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:5490-5495. [PMID: 29126850 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.09.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Bioconjugate formats provide alternative strategies for antigen targeting with bispecific antibodies. Here, PSMA-targeted Fab conjugates were generated using different bispecific formats. Interchain disulfide bridging of an αCD3 Fab enabled installation of either the PSMA-targeting small molecule DUPA (SynFab) or the attachment of an αPSMA Fab (BisFab) by covalent linkage. Optimization of the reducing conditions was critical for selective interchain disulfide reduction and good bioconjugate yield. Activity of αPSMA/CD3 Fab conjugates was tested by in vitro cytotoxicity assays using prostate cancer cell lines. Both bispecific formats demonstrated excellent potency and antigen selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T Patterson
- Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc., 4955 Directors Place, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
| | - Jason Isaacson
- Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc., 4955 Directors Place, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Lisa Kerwin
- Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc., 4955 Directors Place, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Ghazi Atassi
- Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc., 4955 Directors Place, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Rohit Duggal
- Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc., 4955 Directors Place, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Damien Bresson
- Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc., 4955 Directors Place, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Tong Zhu
- Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc., 4955 Directors Place, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Heyue Zhou
- Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc., 4955 Directors Place, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Yanwen Fu
- Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc., 4955 Directors Place, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Gunnar F Kaufmann
- Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc., 4955 Directors Place, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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68
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Kato A, Kuratani M, Yanagisawa T, Ohtake K, Hayashi A, Amano Y, Kimura K, Yokoyama S, Sakamoto K, Shiraishi Y. Extensive Survey of Antibody Invariant Positions for Efficient Chemical Conjugation Using Expanded Genetic Codes. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:2099-2108. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mitsuo Kuratani
- RIKEN Structural Biology Laboratory, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
- RIKEN Systems and Structural Biology Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Yanagisawa
- RIKEN Structural Biology Laboratory, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
- RIKEN Systems and Structural Biology Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Ohtake
- Division of Structural and Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 1-7-22
Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
- RIKEN Systems and Structural Biology Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Akiko Hayashi
- Division of Structural and Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 1-7-22
Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
- RIKEN Systems and Structural Biology Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Amano
- Division of Structural and Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 1-7-22
Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | | | - Shigeyuki Yokoyama
- RIKEN Structural Biology Laboratory, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
- RIKEN Systems and Structural Biology Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kensaku Sakamoto
- Division of Structural and Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 1-7-22
Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
- RIKEN Systems and Structural Biology Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
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69
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Santos FMF, Matos AI, Ventura AE, Gonçalves J, Veiros LF, Florindo HF, Gois PMP. Modular Assembly of Reversible Multivalent Cancer-Cell-Targeting Drug Conjugates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201703492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fábio M. F. Santos
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa); Faculty of Pharmacy; Universidade de Lisboa; Lisbon Portugal
| | - Ana I. Matos
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa); Faculty of Pharmacy; Universidade de Lisboa; Lisbon Portugal
| | - Ana E. Ventura
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa); Faculty of Pharmacy; Universidade de Lisboa; Lisbon Portugal
| | - João Gonçalves
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa); Faculty of Pharmacy; Universidade de Lisboa; Lisbon Portugal
| | - Luís F. Veiros
- Centro de Química Estrutural; Instituto Superior Técnico; Universidade de Lisboa; Av. Rovisco Pais 1 1049-001 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Helena F. Florindo
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa); Faculty of Pharmacy; Universidade de Lisboa; Lisbon Portugal
| | - Pedro M. P. Gois
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa); Faculty of Pharmacy; Universidade de Lisboa; Lisbon Portugal
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70
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Santos FMF, Matos AI, Ventura AE, Gonçalves J, Veiros LF, Florindo HF, Gois PMP. Modular Assembly of Reversible Multivalent Cancer-Cell-Targeting Drug Conjugates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:9346-9350. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201703492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fábio M. F. Santos
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa); Faculty of Pharmacy; Universidade de Lisboa; Lisbon Portugal
| | - Ana I. Matos
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa); Faculty of Pharmacy; Universidade de Lisboa; Lisbon Portugal
| | - Ana E. Ventura
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa); Faculty of Pharmacy; Universidade de Lisboa; Lisbon Portugal
| | - João Gonçalves
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa); Faculty of Pharmacy; Universidade de Lisboa; Lisbon Portugal
| | - Luís F. Veiros
- Centro de Química Estrutural; Instituto Superior Técnico; Universidade de Lisboa; Av. Rovisco Pais 1 1049-001 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Helena F. Florindo
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa); Faculty of Pharmacy; Universidade de Lisboa; Lisbon Portugal
| | - Pedro M. P. Gois
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa); Faculty of Pharmacy; Universidade de Lisboa; Lisbon Portugal
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71
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Patterson JT, Gros E, Zhou H, Atassi G, Kerwin L, Carmody L, Zhu T, Jones B, Fu Y, Kaufmann GF. Chemically generated IgG2 bispecific antibodies through disulfide bridging. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:3647-3652. [PMID: 28720505 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) are designed to engage two antigens simultaneously, thus, effectively expanding the ability of antibody-based therapeutics to target multiple pathways within the same cell, engage two separate soluble antigens, bind the same antigen with distinct paratopes, or crosslink two different cell types. Many recombinant BsAb formats have emerged, however, expression and purification of such constructs can often be challenging. To this end, we have developed a chemical strategy for generating BsAbs using native IgG2 architecture. Full-length antibodies can be conjugated via disulfide bridging with linkers bearing orthogonal groups to produce BsAbs. We report that an αHER2/EGFR BsAb was successfully generated by this approach and retained the ability to bind both antigens with no significant loss of potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T Patterson
- Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc., 4955 Directors Place, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
| | - Edwige Gros
- Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc., 4955 Directors Place, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Heyue Zhou
- Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc., 4955 Directors Place, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Ghazi Atassi
- Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc., 4955 Directors Place, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Lisa Kerwin
- Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc., 4955 Directors Place, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Lisa Carmody
- Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc., 4955 Directors Place, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Tong Zhu
- Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc., 4955 Directors Place, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Bryan Jones
- Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc., 4955 Directors Place, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Yanwen Fu
- Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc., 4955 Directors Place, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Gunnar F Kaufmann
- Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc., 4955 Directors Place, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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72
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Yumura K, Akiba H, Nagatoishi S, Kusano-Arai O, Iwanari H, Hamakubo T, Tsumoto K. Use of SpyTag/SpyCatcher to construct bispecific antibodies that target two epitopes of a single antigen. J Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvx023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kyohei Yumura
- Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8562, Japan
| | - Hiroki Akiba
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Satoru Nagatoishi
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Osamu Kusano-Arai
- Department of Quantitative Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Komaba, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Hiroko Iwanari
- Department of Quantitative Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Komaba, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Takao Hamakubo
- Department of Quantitative Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Komaba, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Kouhei Tsumoto
- Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8562, Japan
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Medical Proteomics Laboratory, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
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73
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Lee BS, Kim S, Ko BJ, Yoo TH. An efficient system for incorporation of unnatural amino acids in response to the four-base codon AGGA in Escherichia coli. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:3016-3023. [PMID: 28212794 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adding new amino acids to the set of building blocks for protein synthesis expands the scope of protein engineering, and orthogonal pairs of tRNA and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase have been developed for incorporating unnatural amino acids (UAAs) into proteins. While diverse systems have been developed to incorporate UAAs in response to the amber codon, less research has been focused on four-base codons despites their advantages. In this study, we report an efficient method to incorporate UAA in response to an AGGA codon in Escherichia coli. RESULTS The Methanococcus jannaschii tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase-tRNACUA(MjTyrRS-MjtRNACUA) orthogonal pair has been engineered to incorporate diverse UAAs in response to the amber codon. To apply the engineered MjTyrRS enzymes for UAAs to a four-base codon suppression, we developed an MjTyrRS-MjtRNAUCCU pair system that enabled incorporation of UAAs in response to the AGGA codon in E. coli. Using this system, we demonstrated that several UAAs could be incorporated quantitatively in the AGGA site. In addition, multiple AGGA codons were successfully suppressed in an E. coli strain when the endogenous tRNACCUArg gene was knocked out. CONCLUSION An efficient system was developed for the incorporation of UAAs in response to the AGGA four-base codon in E. coli, and the method was successfully demonstrated for several UAAs and for multiple AGGA sites. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The developed system can expand the repertoire of protein engineering tools based on amino acid analogues in combination with other UAA incorporation methods. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Biochemistry of Synthetic Biology - Recent Developments" Guest Editor: Dr. Ilka Heinemann and Dr. Patrick O'Donoghue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeong Sung Lee
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, 206 World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Suyeon Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, 206 World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Joon Ko
- New Drug Development Center, Osong Medical Innovative Foundation, 123, Osongsaengmyeong-ro, Osong-eup, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hyeon Yoo
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, 206 World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea; Department of Applied Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Ajou University, 206 World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea.
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74
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Mistranslation: from adaptations to applications. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:3070-3080. [PMID: 28153753 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The conservation of the genetic code indicates that there was a single origin, but like all genetic material, the cell's interpretation of the code is subject to evolutionary pressure. Single nucleotide variations in tRNA sequences can modulate codon assignments by altering codon-anticodon pairing or tRNA charging. Either can increase translation errors and even change the code. The frozen accident hypothesis argued that changes to the code would destabilize the proteome and reduce fitness. In studies of model organisms, mistranslation often acts as an adaptive response. These studies reveal evolutionary conserved mechanisms to maintain proteostasis even during high rates of mistranslation. SCOPE OF REVIEW This review discusses the evolutionary basis of altered genetic codes, how mistranslation is identified, and how deviations to the genetic code are exploited. We revisit early discoveries of genetic code deviations and provide examples of adaptive mistranslation events in nature. Lastly, we highlight innovations in synthetic biology to expand the genetic code. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The genetic code is still evolving. Mistranslation increases proteomic diversity that enables cells to survive stress conditions or suppress a deleterious allele. Genetic code variants have been identified by genome and metagenome sequence analyses, suppressor genetics, and biochemical characterization. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Understanding the mechanisms of translation and genetic code deviations enables the design of new codes to produce novel proteins. Engineering the translation machinery and expanding the genetic code to incorporate non-canonical amino acids are valuable tools in synthetic biology that are impacting biomedical research. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Biochemistry of Synthetic Biology - Recent Developments" Guest Editor: Dr. Ilka Heinemann and Dr. Patrick O'Donoghue.
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75
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Ulrich V, Cryle MJ. SNaPe: a versatile method to generate multiplexed protein fusions using synthetic linker peptides for in vitro applications. J Pept Sci 2016; 23:16-27. [PMID: 27910178 DOI: 10.1002/psc.2943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the structure and function of protein complexes and multi-domain proteins is highly important in biology, although the in vitro characterization of these systems is often complicated by their size or the transient nature of protein/protein interactions. To assist in the characterization of such protein complexes, we have developed a modular approach to fusion protein generation that relies upon Sortase-mediated and Native chemical ligation using synthetic Peptide linkers (SNaPe) to link two separately expressed proteins. In this approach, we utilize two separate linking steps - sortase-mediated and native chemical ligation - together with a library of peptide linkers to generate libraries of fusion proteins. We have demonstrated the viability of SNaPe to generate libraries from fusion protein constructs taken from the biosynthetic enzymes responsible for late stage aglycone assembly during glycopeptide antibiotic biosynthesis. Crucially, SNaPe was able to generate fusion proteins that are inaccessible via direct expression of the fusion construct itself. This highlights the advantages of SNaPe to not only access fusion proteins that have been previously unavailable for biochemical and structural characterization but also to do so in a manner that enables the linker itself to be controlled as an experimental parameter of fusion protein generation. Copyright © 2016 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Ulrich
- Department of Biomolecular Mechanisms, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Max J Cryle
- Department of Biomolecular Mechanisms, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,EMBL Australia, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia.,The Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
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76
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Hu QY, Berti F, Adamo R. Towards the next generation of biomedicines by site-selective conjugation. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:1691-719. [PMID: 26796469 DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00388h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bioconjugates represent an emerging class of medicines, which offer therapeutic opportunities overtaking those of the individual components. Many novel bioconjugates have been explored in order to address various emerging medical needs. The last decade has witnessed the exponential growth of new site-selective bioconjugation techniques, however very few methods have made the way into human clinical trials. Here we discuss various applications of site-selective conjugation in biomedicines, including half-life extension, antibody-drug conjugates, conjugate vaccines, bispecific antibodies and cell therapy. The review is intended to highlight both the progress and challenges, and identify a potential roadmap to address the gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Ying Hu
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research (NIBR), 100 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Francesco Berti
- GSK Vaccines (former Novartis Vaccines & Diagnostics), Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Roberto Adamo
- GSK Vaccines (former Novartis Vaccines & Diagnostics), Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy.
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77
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Abstract
We demonstrate a chemically detachable cell-glue system based on linkers containing disulfide bonds as well as functional groups for metabolic glycoengineering and bioorthogonal click chemistry. Azide groups are generated on the cell surface by metabolic glycoengineering, and they are further modified into tetrazine (Tz) or trans-cyclooctene (TCO) using rationally designed cross-linkers. When the Tz-modified and TCO-modified cells are mixed together, cell gluing between these two cell groups is established by Tz-TCO click chemistry. This artificial cell-cell adhesion can be broken by the administration of glutathione (5 mM), which triggers the degradation of disulfide bonds. Both the gluing and detachment processes are rapid (<10 min) and minimally cytotoxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heebeom Koo
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School , 65 Landsdowne Street, UP-5, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Department of Medical Lifescience, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea , 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-701, Korea
| | - Sei Kwang Hahn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology , Kyungbuk 790-784, Korea
| | - Seok Hyun Yun
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School , 65 Landsdowne Street, UP-5, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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78
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Padilla MS, Farley CA, Chatkewitz LE, Young DD. Synthesis and incorporation of a caged tyrosine amino acid possessing a bioorthogonal handle. Tetrahedron Lett 2016; 57:4709-4712. [PMID: 28533567 PMCID: PMC5438197 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Reversing a bioconjugation in a spatial and temporal fashion has widespread applications, especially toward targeted drug delivery. We report the synthesis and incorporation of an unnatural amino acid with an alkyne modified dimethoxy-ortho-nitrobenzyl caging group. This unnatural amino acid can be utilized in a Glaser-Hay conjugation to generate a bioconjugate, but also is able to disrupt the bioconjugate when irradiated with light. These combined features allow for the preparation of bioconjugates with a high degree of site-specificity and allow for the separation of the two components if necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marshall S Padilla
- Department of Chemistry, College of William & Mary, P.O. Box 8795, Williamsburg, VA 23187, USA
| | - Christopher A Farley
- Department of Chemistry, College of William & Mary, P.O. Box 8795, Williamsburg, VA 23187, USA
| | - Lindsay E Chatkewitz
- Department of Chemistry, College of William & Mary, P.O. Box 8795, Williamsburg, VA 23187, USA
| | - Douglas D Young
- Department of Chemistry, College of William & Mary, P.O. Box 8795, Williamsburg, VA 23187, USA
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79
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Shu Q, Wang L, Ouyang H, Wang W, Liu F, Fu Z. Multiplexed immunochromatographic test strip for time-resolved chemiluminescent detection of pesticide residues using a bifunctional antibody. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 87:908-914. [PMID: 27664410 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel bifunctional antibody (BfAb) that could recognize methyl parathion and imidacloprid simultaneously was prepared by a hybrid hybridomas technique. Using the BfAb as the sole recognition reagent, a multiplexed immunochromatographic test strip based on a time-resolved chemiluminescence (CL) strategy was developed for quantitative detection of pesticide residues. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were used as the CL probes to label the haptens of methyl parathion and imidacloprid, respectively. After the labeled haptens competed with methyl parathion and imidacloprid to bind with the BfAb immobilized on the test strip, the two CL reactions catalyzed by the enzymes were triggered simultaneously by coreactants injection. Due to the distinct CL kinetics characteristics of HRP and ALP, the signals for methyl parathion and imidacloprid detections were collected at 2.5s and 300s, respectively. The linear ranges for methyl parathion and imidacloprid were both 0.1-250ngmL-1, with detection limits of 0.058ngmL-1 (S/N=3). The whole assay process could be accomplished within 22min. The detection results for spiked traditional Chinese medicine samples demonstrated its application potential. The proposed method provided a low-cost, facile and rapid tool for multiplexed screening of pesticide residues using single antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Shu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Limin Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hui Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Wenwen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Fengquan Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Zhifeng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China.
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80
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Kim S, Ko W, Sung BH, Kim SC, Lee HS. Direct protein-protein conjugation by genetically introducing bioorthogonal functional groups into proteins. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:5816-5822. [PMID: 27670101 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Proteins often function as complex structures in conjunction with other proteins. Because these complex structures are essential for sophisticated functions, developing protein-protein conjugates has gained research interest. In this study, site-specific protein-protein conjugation was performed by genetically incorporating an azide-containing amino acid into one protein and a bicyclononyne (BCN)-containing amino acid into the other. Three to four sites in each of the proteins were tested for conjugation efficiency, and three combinations showed excellent conjugation efficiency. The genetic incorporation of unnatural amino acids (UAAs) is technically simple and produces the mutant protein in high yield. In addition, the conjugation reaction can be conducted by simple mixing, and does not require additional reagents or linker molecules. Therefore, this method may prove very useful for generating protein-protein conjugates and protein complexes of biochemical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanggil Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooseok Ko
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Hyun Sung
- Bioenergy and Biochemical Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Chang Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Republic of Korea.
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81
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Xiao H, Schultz PG. At the Interface of Chemical and Biological Synthesis: An Expanded Genetic Code. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2016; 8:cshperspect.a023945. [PMID: 27413101 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a023945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The ability to site-specifically incorporate noncanonical amino acids (ncAAs) with novel structures into proteins in living cells affords a powerful tool to investigate and manipulate protein structure and function. More than 200 ncAAs with diverse biological, chemical, and physical properties have been genetically encoded in response to nonsense or frameshift codons in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms with high fidelity and efficiency. In this review, recent advances in the technology and its application to problems in protein biochemistry, cellular biology, and medicine are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Xiao
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Peter G Schultz
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037 California Institute for Biomedical Research, La Jolla, California 92037
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82
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Neumann-Staubitz P, Neumann H. The use of unnatural amino acids to study and engineer protein function. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2016; 38:119-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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83
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Agten SM, Dawson PE, Hackeng TM. Oxime conjugation in protein chemistry: from carbonyl incorporation to nucleophilic catalysis. J Pept Sci 2016; 22:271-9. [PMID: 27006095 DOI: 10.1002/psc.2874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Use of oxime forming reactions has become a widely applied strategy for peptide and protein bioconjugation. The efficiency of the reaction and robust stability of the oxime product has led to the development of a growing list of methods to introduce the required ketone or aldehyde functionality site specifically into proteins. Early methods focused on site-specific oxidation of an N-terminal serine or threonine and more recently transamination methods have been developed to convert a broader set of N-terminal amino acids into a ketone or aldehyde. More recently, site-specific modification of protein has been attained through engineering enzymes involved in posttranslational modifications in order to accommodate aldehyde-containing substrates. Similarly, a growing list of unnatural amino acids can be introduced through development of selective amino-acyl tRNA synthetase/tRNA pairs combined with codon reassignment. In the case of glycoproteins, glycans can be selectively modified chemically or enzymatically to introduce aldehyde functional groups. Finally, the total chemical synthesis of proteins complements these biological and chemoenzymatic approaches. Once introduced, the oxime ligation of these aldehyde and ketone groups can be catalyzed by aniline or a variety of aniline derivatives to tune the activity, pH preference, stability and solubility of the catalyst. Copyright © 2016 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stijn M Agten
- Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Philip E Dawson
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tilman M Hackeng
- Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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84
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Freidel C, Kaloyanova S, Peneva K. Chemical tags for site-specific fluorescent labeling of biomolecules. Amino Acids 2016; 48:1357-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-016-2204-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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85
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Ma JSY, Kim JY, Kazane SA, Choi SH, Yun HY, Kim MS, Rodgers DT, Pugh HM, Singer O, Sun SB, Fonslow BR, Kochenderfer JN, Wright TM, Schultz PG, Young TS, Kim CH, Cao Y. Versatile strategy for controlling the specificity and activity of engineered T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E450-E458. [PMID: 26759368 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1524193113/suppl_file/pnas.1524193113.sapp.pdf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The adoptive transfer of autologous T cells engineered to express a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) has emerged as a promising cancer therapy. Despite impressive clinical efficacy, the general application of current CAR-T--cell therapy is limited by serious treatment-related toxicities. One approach to improve the safety of CAR-T cells involves making their activation and proliferation dependent upon adaptor molecules that mediate formation of the immunological synapse between the target cancer cell and T-cell. Here, we describe the design and synthesis of structurally defined semisynthetic adaptors we refer to as "switch" molecules, in which anti-CD19 and anti-CD22 antibody fragments are site-specifically modified with FITC using genetically encoded noncanonical amino acids. This approach allows the precise control over the geometry and stoichiometry of complex formation between CD19- or CD22-expressing cancer cells and a "universal" anti-FITC-directed CAR-T cell. Optimization of this CAR-switch combination results in potent, dose-dependent in vivo antitumor activity in xenograft models. The advantage of being able to titrate CAR-T-cell in vivo activity was further evidenced by reduced in vivo toxicity and the elimination of persistent B-cell aplasia in immune-competent mice. The ability to control CAR-T cell and cancer cell interactions using intermediate switch molecules may expand the scope of engineered T-cell therapy to solid tumors, as well as indications beyond cancer therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD19/immunology
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- Azides
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Female
- Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate
- Genetic Vectors
- Humans
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/adverse effects
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods
- Lentivirus/genetics
- Leukemia, B-Cell/therapy
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Lymphopenia/etiology
- Lymphopenia/prevention & control
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Models, Molecular
- Phenylalanine/analogs & derivatives
- Protein Conformation
- Protein Engineering/methods
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/immunology
- Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 2/immunology
- Single-Chain Antibodies/genetics
- Single-Chain Antibodies/immunology
- T-Cell Antigen Receptor Specificity
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/transplantation
- Transduction, Genetic
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S Y Ma
- Department of Biology, California Institute for Biomedical Research, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Ji Young Kim
- Department of Biology, California Institute for Biomedical Research, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Stephanie A Kazane
- Department of Biology, California Institute for Biomedical Research, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Sei-Hyun Choi
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Hwa Young Yun
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Min Soo Kim
- Department of Biology, California Institute for Biomedical Research, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - David T Rodgers
- Department of Biology, California Institute for Biomedical Research, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Holly M Pugh
- Department of Biology, California Institute for Biomedical Research, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Oded Singer
- Department of Biology, California Institute for Biomedical Research, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Sophie B Sun
- Department of Biology, California Institute for Biomedical Research, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Bryan R Fonslow
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037; SCIEX Separations, Brea, CA 92821
| | - James N Kochenderfer
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Timothy M Wright
- Department of Biology, California Institute for Biomedical Research, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Peter G Schultz
- Department of Biology, California Institute for Biomedical Research, La Jolla, CA 92037; Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037;
| | - Travis S Young
- Department of Biology, California Institute for Biomedical Research, La Jolla, CA 92037;
| | - Chan Hyuk Kim
- Department of Biology, California Institute for Biomedical Research, La Jolla, CA 92037;
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
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86
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Versatile strategy for controlling the specificity and activity of engineered T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E450-8. [PMID: 26759368 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1524193113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The adoptive transfer of autologous T cells engineered to express a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) has emerged as a promising cancer therapy. Despite impressive clinical efficacy, the general application of current CAR-T--cell therapy is limited by serious treatment-related toxicities. One approach to improve the safety of CAR-T cells involves making their activation and proliferation dependent upon adaptor molecules that mediate formation of the immunological synapse between the target cancer cell and T-cell. Here, we describe the design and synthesis of structurally defined semisynthetic adaptors we refer to as "switch" molecules, in which anti-CD19 and anti-CD22 antibody fragments are site-specifically modified with FITC using genetically encoded noncanonical amino acids. This approach allows the precise control over the geometry and stoichiometry of complex formation between CD19- or CD22-expressing cancer cells and a "universal" anti-FITC-directed CAR-T cell. Optimization of this CAR-switch combination results in potent, dose-dependent in vivo antitumor activity in xenograft models. The advantage of being able to titrate CAR-T-cell in vivo activity was further evidenced by reduced in vivo toxicity and the elimination of persistent B-cell aplasia in immune-competent mice. The ability to control CAR-T cell and cancer cell interactions using intermediate switch molecules may expand the scope of engineered T-cell therapy to solid tumors, as well as indications beyond cancer therapy.
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87
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Koo H, Choi M, Kim E, Hahn SK, Weissleder R, Yun SH. Bioorthogonal Click Chemistry-Based Synthetic Cell Glue. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:6458-66. [PMID: 26768353 PMCID: PMC5556392 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201502972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Artificial methods of cell adhesion can be effective in building functional cell complexes in vitro, but methods for in vivo use are currently lacking. Here, a chemical cell glue based on bioorthogonal click chemistry with high stability and robustness is introduced. Tetrazine (Tz) and trans-cyclooctene (TCO) conjugated to the cell surface form covalent bonds between cells within 10 min in aqueous conditions. Glued, homogeneous, or heterogeneous cell pairs remain viable and stably attached in a microfluidic flow channel at a shear stress of 20 dyn cm(-2) . Upon intravenous injection of assembled Jurkat T cells into live mice, fluorescence microscopy shows the trafficking of cell pairs in circulation and their infiltration into lung tissues. These results demonstrate the promising potential of chemically glued cell pairs for various applications ranging from delivering therapeutic cells to studying cell-cell interactions in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heebeom Koo
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne St., UP-5, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Myunghwan Choi
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne St., UP-5, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Global Biomedical Engineering, Center for Neuroscience and Imaging Research, Sungkyunkwan University, Institute for Basic Science, Suwon, Gyeong Gi-Do, 440-746, South Korea
| | - Eunha Kim
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, 443-749, South Korea
| | - Sei Kwang Hahn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Kyungbuk, 790-784, South Korea
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Seok Hyun Yun
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne St., UP-5, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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88
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Affiliation(s)
- Stijn M. Agten
- Department
of Biochemistry,
Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), University Maastricht, Maastricht 6229 ER, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis P. L. Suylen
- Department
of Biochemistry,
Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), University Maastricht, Maastricht 6229 ER, The Netherlands
| | - Tilman M. Hackeng
- Department
of Biochemistry,
Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), University Maastricht, Maastricht 6229 ER, The Netherlands
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89
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Patterson DM, Prescher JA. Orthogonal bioorthogonal chemistries. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2015; 28:141-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Revised: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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90
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Freise AC, Wu AM. In vivo imaging with antibodies and engineered fragments. Mol Immunol 2015; 67:142-52. [PMID: 25934435 PMCID: PMC4529772 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies have clearly demonstrated their utility as therapeutics, providing highly selective and effective drugs to treat diseases in oncology, hematology, cardiology, immunology and autoimmunity, and infectious diseases. More recently, a pressing need for equally specific and targeted imaging agents for assessing disease in vivo, in preclinical models and patients, has emerged. This review summarizes strategies for developing and optimizing antibodies as targeted probes for use in non-invasive imaging using radioactive, optical, magnetic resonance, and ultrasound approaches. Recent advances in engineered antibody fragments and scaffolds, conjugation and labeling methods, and multimodality probes are highlighted. Importantly, antibody-based imaging probes are seeing new applications in detection and quantitation of cell surface biomarkers, imaging specific responses to targeted therapies, and monitoring immune responses in oncology and other diseases. Antibody-based imaging will provide essential tools to facilitate the transition to truly precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda C Freise
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, USA
| | - Anna M Wu
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, USA.
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91
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Site-specific labeling of proteins for electron microscopy. J Struct Biol 2015; 192:151-8. [PMID: 26409249 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Electron microscopy is commonly employed to determine the subunit organization of large macromolecular assemblies. However, the field lacks a robust molecular labeling methodology for unambiguous identification of constituent subunits. We present a strategy that exploits the unique properties of an unnatural amino acid in order to enable site-specific attachment of a single, readily identifiable protein label at any solvent-exposed position on the macromolecular surface. Using this method, we show clear labeling of a subunit within the 26S proteasome lid subcomplex that has not been amenable to labeling by traditional approaches.
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92
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Liu T, Du J, Luo X, Schultz PG, Wang F. Homogeneously modified immunoglobulin domains for therapeutic application. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2015; 28:66-74. [PMID: 26117722 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The field of therapeutic antibodies has been revolutionized over the past decade, led by the development of novel antibody-modification technologies. Besides the huge success achieved by therapeutic monoclonal antibodies, a diversity of antibody derivatives have emerged with hope to outperform their parental antibodies. Here we review the recent development of methodologies to modify immunoglobulin domains and their therapeutic applications. The innovative genetic and chemical approaches enable novel and controllable modifications on immunoglobulin domains, producing homogeneous therapeutics with new functionalities or enhanced therapeutic profiles. Such therapeutics, including antibody-drug conjugates, bispecific antibodies, and antibody/Fc fusion proteins, have demonstrated great prospects in the treatment of cancer, auto-immune diseases, infectious diseases, and many other disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- California Institute for Biomedical Research (Calibr), 11119 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Juanjuan Du
- California Institute for Biomedical Research (Calibr), 11119 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Xiaozhou Luo
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Peter G Schultz
- California Institute for Biomedical Research (Calibr), 11119 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States; Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Feng Wang
- California Institute for Biomedical Research (Calibr), 11119 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States.
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93
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Lim SI, Kwon I. Bioconjugation of therapeutic proteins and enzymes using the expanded set of genetically encoded amino acids. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2015; 36:803-15. [DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2015.1048504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sung In Lim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA and
| | - Inchan Kwon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA and
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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94
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Abstract
Antibody conjugates are important in many areas of medicine and biological research, and antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are becoming an important next generation class of therapeutics for cancer treatment. Early conjugation technologies relied upon random conjugation to multiple amino acid side chains, resulting in heterogeneous mixtures of labeled antibody. Recent studies, however, strongly support the notion that site-specific conjugation produces a homogeneous population of antibody conjugates with improved pharmacologic properties over randomly coupled molecules. Genetically incorporated unnatural amino acids (uAAs) allow unique orthogonal coupling strategies compared to those used for the 20 naturally occurring amino acids. Thus, uAAs provide a novel paradigm for creation of next generation ADCs. Additionally, uAA-based site-specific conjugation could also empower creation of additional multifunctional conjugates important as biopharmaceuticals, diagnostics, or reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor J Hallam
- †Sutro Biopharma, 310 Utah Avenue, Suite 150, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Erik Wold
- ‡The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Alan Wahl
- §Ambrx, Inc. 10975 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Vaughn V Smider
- ‡The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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95
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96
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Highly reproductive Escherichia coli cells with no specific assignment to the UAG codon. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9699. [PMID: 25982672 PMCID: PMC4434889 DOI: 10.1038/srep09699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli is a widely used host organism for recombinant technology, and the bacterial incorporation of non-natural amino acids promises the efficient synthesis of proteins with novel structures and properties. In the present study, we developed E. coli strains in which the UAG codon was reserved for non-natural amino acids, without compromising the reproductive strength of the host cells. Ninety-five of the 273 UAG stop codons were replaced synonymously in the genome of E. coli BL21(DE3), by exploiting the oligonucleotide-mediated base-mismatch-repair mechanism. This genomic modification allowed the safe elimination of the UAG-recognizing cellular component (RF-1), thus leaving the remaining 178 UAG codons with no specific molecule recognizing them. The resulting strain B-95.ΔA grew as vigorously as BL21(DE3) in rich medium at 25-42°C, and its derivative B-95.ΔAΔfabR was better adapted to low temperatures and minimal media than B-95.ΔA. UAG was reassigned to synthetic amino acids by expressing the specific pairs of UAG-reading tRNA and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase. Due to the preserved growth vigor, the B-95.ΔA strains showed superior productivities for hirudin molecules sulfonated on a particular tyrosine residue, and the Fab fragments of Herceptin containing multiple azido groups.
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97
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Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates are an important and emerging drug class for the treatment of cancer. Recent evidence strongly suggests that site-specific drug conjugation results in a homogenous population of molecules with more favorable activity and pharmacokinetic properties than randomly conjugated antibodies. Unnatural amino acids (uAAs) can be incorporated in recombinant proteins to enable unique orthogonal chemistries in comparison to the side chains of the natural 20 amino acids. Thus, uAAs present a novel platform for which to create next-generation antibody-drug conjugates. Furthermore, site-specific conjugation through uAAs can also enpower unique small molecule, bispecific, multispecific and other conjugates that could be important constructs for therapeutics, diagnostics and research reagents. Here, we review the progress in uAA incorporation and conjugate construction through both cell-based and -free approaches.
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98
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Cao Y, Axup JY, Ma JSY, Wang RE, Choi S, Tardif V, Lim RKV, Pugh HM, Lawson BR, Welzel G, Kazane SA, Sun Y, Tian F, Srinagesh S, Javahishvili T, Schultz PG, Kim CH. Multiformat T-cell-engaging bispecific antibodies targeting human breast cancers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:7022-7. [PMID: 25919418 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201500799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Four different formats of bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) were generated that consist of anti-Her2 IgG or Fab site-specifically conjugated to anti-CD3 Fab using the genetically encoded noncanonical amino acid. These bsAbs varied in valency or in the presence or absence of an Fc domain. Different valencies did not significantly affect antitumor efficacy, whereas the presence of an Fc domain enhanced cytotoxic activity, but triggered antigen-independent T-cell activation. We show that the bsAbs can efficiently redirect T cells to kill all Her2 expressing cancer cells, including Her2 1+ cancers, both in vitro and in rodent xenograft models. This work increases our understanding of the structural features that affect bsAb activity, and underscores the potential of bsAbs as a promising therapeutic option for breast cancer patients with low or heterogeneous Her2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cao
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA)
| | - Jun Y Axup
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA)
| | - Jennifer S Y Ma
- California Institute for Biomedical Research, 11119 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA)
| | - Rongsheng E Wang
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA)
| | - Seihyun Choi
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA)
| | - Virginie Tardif
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute (USA)
| | - Reyna K V Lim
- California Institute for Biomedical Research, 11119 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA)
| | - Holly M Pugh
- California Institute for Biomedical Research, 11119 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA)
| | - Brian R Lawson
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute (USA)
| | - Gus Welzel
- California Institute for Biomedical Research, 11119 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA)
| | - Stephanie A Kazane
- California Institute for Biomedical Research, 11119 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA)
| | - Ying Sun
- EuCode Technology, Ambrx, Inc. 10975 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA)
| | - Feng Tian
- EuCode Technology, Ambrx, Inc. 10975 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA)
| | - Shailaja Srinagesh
- EuCode Technology, Ambrx, Inc. 10975 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA)
| | - Tsotne Javahishvili
- EuCode Technology, Ambrx, Inc. 10975 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA)
| | - Peter G Schultz
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA). .,California Institute for Biomedical Research, 11119 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA).
| | - Chan Hyuk Kim
- California Institute for Biomedical Research, 11119 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA).
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99
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Cao Y, Axup JY, Ma JSY, Wang RE, Choi S, Tardif V, Lim RKV, Pugh HM, Lawson BR, Welzel G, Kazane SA, Sun Y, Tian F, Srinagesh S, Javahishvili T, Schultz PG, Kim CH. Multiformat T-Cell-Engaging Bispecific Antibodies Targeting Human Breast Cancers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201500799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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100
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Abstract
The development of immunotherapies for multiple myeloma is critical to provide new treatment strategies to combat drug resistance. We report a bispecific antibody against B cell maturation antigen (BiFab-BCMA), which potently and specifically redirects T cells to lyse malignant multiple myeloma cells. BiFab-BCMA lysed target BCMA-positive cell lines up to 20-fold more potently than a CS1-targeting bispecific antibody (BiFab-CS1) developed in an analogous fashion. Further, BiFab-BCMA robustly activated T cells in vitro and mediated rapid tumor regression in an orthotopic xenograft model of multiple myeloma. The in vitro and in vivo activities of BiFab-BCMA are comparable to those of anti-BCMA chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy (CAR-T-BCMA), for which two clinical trials have recently been initiated. A BCMA-targeted bispecific antibody presents a promising treatment option for multiple myeloma.
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