51
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden & Fakultät Chemie und LebensmittelchemieTechnische Universität Dresden 01069 Dresden Deutschland
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52
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Frederick E, Cojal González JD, Rabe JP, Bernasek SL. Two-Dimensional versus Three-Dimensional Self-Assembly of a Series of 5-Alkoxyisophthalic Acids. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:10739-10747. [PMID: 30110542 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Physisorbed self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) have been suggested as potential models for three-dimensional (3D) crystallization. This work studies the effect of altering the chain length of 5-alkoxyisophthalic acid (C nISA) on self-assembled morphology in both two-dimensional (2D) and 3D to explore the extent comparisons can be drawn between dimensions. Previous studies of 5-alkoxyisophthalic acid at solid-liquid interfaces (2D) reported different morphologies for C5ISA and C6ISA-alkoxy chains on the one hand and C10ISA and C18ISA on the other. Independently, also in 3D a dependence of morphology on chain length has been reported, including an unexpected inclusion of a solvent in the 3D morphology of C6ISA, while the previous reports of 2D self-assembly were driven only by molecule-molecule and molecule-substrate interactions. However, a complete set of data for comparison has been missing. Here, we report scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and molecular dynamics simulations performed for C2ISA self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) and STM imaging of C6ISA-C9ISA SAMs, to further examine self-assembly behavior in 2D. In 3D, X-ray diffraction analysis of C2ISA single crystals was carried out to complete the data set. With a complete set of data, it was observed that regardless of the dimension, short-chain-length C nISAs formed H-bonding-dominated structures, mid-chain-length C nISAs exhibited solvent-dependent morphologies, and long-chain-length C nISAs displayed van der Waals-dominated solvent-independent structures. However, the transition point among morphologies occurred at different chain lengths in 2D and 3D regardless of the dominant interaction. The results of this study inform the design of 2D films and guide the application of knowledge from physisorbed SAMs to 3D systems, including mixed-dimensional (2D/3D) van der Waals heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Frederick
- Department of Chemistry , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
| | - José D Cojal González
- Department of Physics & IRIS Adlershof , Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin , D-12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - Jürgen P Rabe
- Department of Physics & IRIS Adlershof , Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin , D-12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - Steven L Bernasek
- Department of Chemistry , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
- Science Division , Yale-NUS College , 138527 Singapore , Singapore
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53
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Ding Y, Wang X, Xie L, Yao X, Xu W. Two-dimensional self-assembled nanostructures of nucleobases and their related derivatives on Au(111). Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:9259-9269. [PMID: 30027963 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc03585g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The construction of two-dimensional (2D) self-assembled nanostructures has been one of the considerably interesting areas of on-surface chemistry in the past few decades, and has benefited from the rapid development and improvement of scanning probe microscopy techniques. In this research field, many attempts have been made in the controllable fabrication of well-ordered and multifunctional surface nanostructures, which attracted interest because of the prospect for artificial design of functional molecular nanodevices. DNA and RNA are considered to be programmable self-assembly systems and it is possible to use their base sequences to encode instructions for assembly in a predetermined fashion at the nanometer scale. As important constituents of nucleic acids, nucleobases, with intrinsic functional groups for hydrogen bonding, coordination bonding, and electrostatic interactions, can be employed as a potential system for the versatile construction of various biomolecular nanostructures, which may be used to structure the self-assembly of DNA-based artificial molecular constructions and play an important role in novel biosensors based on surface functionalization. In this article, we will review the recent progress of on-surface self-assembly of nucleobases and their derivatives together with different reactants (e.g., metals, halogens, salts and water), and as a result, various 2D surface nanostructures are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanqi Ding
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, Tongji-Aarhus Joint Research Center for Nanostructures and Functional Nanomaterials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, P. R. China.
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54
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Garah ME, Cook TR, Sepehrpour H, Ciesielski A, Stang PJ, Samorì P. Concentration-dependent supramolecular patterns of C 3 and C 2 symmetric molecules at the solid/liquid interface. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 168:211-216. [PMID: 29198983 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.11.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Here we report on a scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) investigation on the self-assembly of C3- and C2-symmetric molecules at the solution/graphite interface. 1,3,5-tris((E)-2-(pyridin-4-yl)vinyl)benzene and 1,1,2,2-tetrakis(4-(pyridin-4-yl)phenyl)ethane are used as model systems. These molecules displayed a concentration dependent self-assembly behaviour on graphite, resulting in highly ordered supramolecular structures, which are stabilized jointly by van der Waals substrate-adsorbate interactions and in-plane intermolecular H-bonding. Denser packing is obtained when applying a relatively high concentration solution to the basal plane of the surface whereas a less dense porous network is observed upon lowering the concentration. We show that the molecular conformation does not influence the stability of the self-assembly and a twisted molecule can pack into dense and porous architectures under the concentration effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed El Garah
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, F-67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Timothy R Cook
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, United State
| | - Hajar Sepehrpour
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, United State
| | - Artur Ciesielski
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, F-67000, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Peter J Stang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, United State.
| | - Paolo Samorì
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, F-67000, Strasbourg, France.
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55
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Hu Y, Xu S, Miao K, Miao X, Deng W. Same building block, but diverse surface-confined self-assemblies: solvent and concentration effects-induced structural diversity towards chirality and achirality. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:17367-17379. [PMID: 29905343 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp01308j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fabricating complex nano-networks on solid substrates is a research area that has attracted much attention in the field of molecular self-assembly. By designing a fluorenone derivative of 2-heptyloxy-7-pentadecyloxy-9-fluorenone (HPF), we obtained a surface-confined system that presented diverse nanostructures. The assembled networks for HPF were highly dependent on the solvent and concentration. At the liquid/solid interface, chiral tetramer-S, hexamer-S, and tetramer-linear structures as well as achiral irregular-linear and random structures were recorded. On the dry surface, we observed chiral octamer-S and achiral alternate configurations. During the self-assembly process, the short and long alkyl chains of HPF showed selective identification, which contributed to the formation of S-like or anti-S-like tetramers, hexamers and octamers, resulting in chiral structures. The nanopatterns were stabilized under the driving forces of dipolar interactions, hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions. Moreover, we performed forcefield calculations in order to further understand the underlying mechanisms from the viewpoints of their force strengths and binding energies. In general, the present work provides a significant impetus to induce polymorphous structures, and we believe that it will promote the study of chirality and achirality in the field of molecular self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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56
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Ubink J, Enache M, Stöhr M. Bias-induced conformational switching of supramolecular networks of trimesic acid at the solid-liquid interface. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:174703. [PMID: 29739202 DOI: 10.1063/1.5017930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Using the tip of a scanning tunneling microscope, an electric field-induced reversible phase transition between two planar porous structures ("chickenwire" and "flower") of trimesic acid was accomplished at the nonanoic acid/highly oriented pyrolytic graphite interface. The chickenwire structure was exclusively observed for negative sample bias, while for positive sample bias only the more densely packed flower structure was found. We suggest that the slightly negatively charged carboxyl groups of the trimesic acid molecule are the determining factor for this observation: their adsorption behavior varies with the sample bias and is thus responsible for the switching behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ubink
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M Enache
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M Stöhr
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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57
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Iritani K, Ikeda M, Yang A, Tahara K, Anzai M, Hirose K, De Feyter S, Moore JS, Tobe Y. Electrostatically Driven Guest Binding in a Self-Assembled Porous Network at the Liquid/Solid Interface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:6036-6045. [PMID: 29717878 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b00699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We present here the construction of a self-assembled two-dimensional (2D) porous monolayer bearing a highly polar 2D space to study guest co-adsorption through electrostatic interactions at the liquid/solid interface. For this purpose, a dehydrobenzo[12]annulene (DBA) derivative, DBA-TeEG, having tetraethylene glycol (TeEG) groups at the end of the three alternating alkoxy chains connected by p-phenylene linkers was synthesized. As a reference host molecule, DBA-C10, having nonpolar C10 alkyl chains at three alternating terminals, was employed. As guest molecules, hexagonal phenylene-ethynylene macrocycles (PEMs) attached by triethylene glycol (TEG) ester and hexyl ester groups, PEM-TEG and PEM-C6, respectively, at each vertex of the macrocyclic periphery were used. Scanning tunneling microscopy observations at the 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene/highly oriented pyrolytic graphite interface revealed that PEM-TEG was immobilized in the pores formed by DBA-TeEG at higher probability because of electrostatic interactions such as dipole-dipole and hydrogen bonding interactions between oligoether units of the host and guest, in comparison to PEM-C6 with nonpolar groups. These observations are discussed based on molecular mechanics simulations to investigate the role of the polar functional groups. When a nonpolar host matrix formed by DBA-C10 was used, however, only phase separation and preferential adsorption were observed; virtually no host-guest complexation was discernible. This is ascribed to the strong affinity between the guest molecules which form by themselves densely packed van der Waals networks on the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Iritani
- Division of Frontier Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science , Osaka University , Toyonaka , Osaka 560-8531 , Japan
| | - Motoki Ikeda
- Division of Frontier Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science , Osaka University , Toyonaka , Osaka 560-8531 , Japan
| | - Anna Yang
- Departments of Chemistry and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology , University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Kazukuni Tahara
- Division of Frontier Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science , Osaka University , Toyonaka , Osaka 560-8531 , Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology , Meiji University , Kawasaki , Kanagawa 214-8571 , Japan
| | - Masaru Anzai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology , Meiji University , Kawasaki , Kanagawa 214-8571 , Japan
| | - Keiji Hirose
- Division of Frontier Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science , Osaka University , Toyonaka , Osaka 560-8531 , Japan
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Department of Chemistry , KU Leuven-University of Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F , 3001 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Jeffrey S Moore
- Departments of Chemistry and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology , University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Yoshito Tobe
- Division of Frontier Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science , Osaka University , Toyonaka , Osaka 560-8531 , Japan
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research , Osaka University , 8-1, Mihogaoka , Osaka 567-0047 , Ibaraki , Japan
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58
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Kim Y, Doh WH, Kim J, Park JY. In Situ Observations of UV-Induced Restructuring of Self-Assembled Porphyrin Monolayer on Liquid/Au(111) Interface at Molecular Level. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:6003-6009. [PMID: 29726687 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Porphyrin-derived molecules have received much attention for use in solar energy conversion devices, such as artificial leaves and dye-sensitized solar cells. Because of their technological importance, a molecular-level understanding of the mechanism for supramolecular structure formation in a liquid, as well as their stability under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, is important. Here, we observed the self-assembled structure of free-base, copper(II), and nickel(II) octaethylporphyrin formed on Au(111) in a dodecane solution using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). As evident in the STM images, the self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of these three porphyrins on the Au(111) surface showed hexagonal close-packed structures when in dodecane solution. Under UV irradiation (λ = 365 nm), the porphyrin molecules in the SAM or the dodecane solution move extensively and form new porphyrin clusters on the Au sites that have a high degree of freedom. Consequently, the Au(111) surface was covered with disordered porphyrin clusters. However, we found that the porphyrin molecules decomposed under UV irradiation at 254 nm. Molecular-scale observation of the morphological evolution of the porphyrin SAM under UV irradiation can provide a fundamental understanding of the degradation processes of porphyrin-based energy conversion devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongman Kim
- Graduate School of Energy, Environment, Water, and Sustainability (EEWS) , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Won Hui Doh
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongjin Kim
- Graduate School of Energy, Environment, Water, and Sustainability (EEWS) , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Young Park
- Graduate School of Energy, Environment, Water, and Sustainability (EEWS) , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
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59
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Ochs O, Heckl WM, Lackinger M. Immersion-scanning-tunneling-microscope for long-term variable-temperature experiments at liquid-solid interfaces. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2018; 89:053707. [PMID: 29864836 DOI: 10.1063/1.5030407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Fundamental insights into the kinetics and thermodynamics of supramolecular self-assembly on surfaces are uniquely gained by variable-temperature high-resolution Scanning-Tunneling-Microscopy (STM). Conventionally, these experiments are performed with standard ambient microscopes extended with heatable sample stages for local heating. However, unavoidable solvent evaporation sets a technical limit on the duration of these experiments, hence prohibiting long-term experiments. These, however, would be highly desirable to provide enough time for temperature stabilization and settling of drift but also to study processes with inherently slow kinetics. To overcome this dilemma, we propose a STM that can operate fully immersed in solution. The instrument is mounted onto the lid of a hermetically sealed heatable container that is filled with the respective solution. By closing the container, both the sample and microscope are immersed in solution. Thereby solvent evaporation is eliminated and an environment for long-term experiments with utmost stable and controllable temperatures between room-temperature and 100 °C is provided. Important experimental requirements for the immersion-STM and resulting design criteria are discussed, the strategy for protection against corrosive media is described, the temperature stability and drift behavior are thoroughly characterized, and first long-term high resolution experiments at liquid-solid interfaces are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Ochs
- Department of Physics, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Wolfgang M Heckl
- Department of Physics, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Markus Lackinger
- Department of Physics, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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60
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Zeng X, Zhu L, Zheng X, Cecchini M, Huang X. Harnessing complexity in molecular self-assembly using computer simulations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:6767-6776. [PMID: 29479585 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp06181a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In molecular self-assembly, hundreds of thousands of freely-diffusing molecules associate to form ordered and functional architectures in the absence of an actuator. This intriguing phenomenon plays a critical role in biology and has become a powerful tool for the fabrication of advanced nanomaterials. Due to the limited spatial and temporal resolutions of current experimental techniques, computer simulations offer a complementary strategy to explore self-assembly with atomic resolution. Here, we review recent computational studies focusing on both thermodynamic and kinetic aspects. As we shall see, thermodynamic approaches based on modeling and statistical mechanics offer initial guidelines to design nanostructures with modest computational effort. Computationally more intensive analyses based on molecular dynamics simulations and kinetic network models (KNMs) reach beyond it, opening the door to the rational design of self-assembly pathways. Current limitations of these methodologies are discussed. We anticipate that the synergistic use of thermodynamic and kinetic analyses based on computer simulations will provide an important contribution to the de novo design of self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangze Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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61
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Frath D, Yokoyama S, Hirose T, Matsuda K. Photoresponsive supramolecular self-assemblies at the liquid/solid interface. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C: PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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62
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Reimers JR. How Equilibrium Gets Mimicked During Kinetic and Thermodynamic Control in Porphyrin and Phthalocyanine Self-Assembled Monolayers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:18-22. [PMID: 29108413 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b03320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The recent review of Hipps and Mazur is extended to consider the origins and significance of their conclusion that "surface structures vary with relative component concentration in a way that may mimic equilibria but is not". How this situation can arise during self-assembly is discussed, as well as a range of qualitative and quantitative observations and high-level free-energy calculations that document the effect for meso-tetraalkylporphyrins self-assembled monolayer (SAM) polymorphs. This leads to a discussion of modern challenges facing quantification of the effects caused by kinetic control, as well as to the usefulness of equilibrium mimicking in the design and synthesis of SAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey R Reimers
- International Centre for Quantum and Molecular Structures and School of Physics, Shanghai University , Shanghai 200444, China
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney , Sydney, New South Wales 2008, Australia
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63
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Conti S, Cecchini M. Modeling the adsorption equilibrium of small-molecule gases on graphene: effect of the volume to surface ratio. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:9770-9779. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp08047f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The adsorption probability of molecules at surfaces depends on the available volume-to-surface ratio with important implications for 2D self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Conti
- UMR7006 CNRS
- Université de Strasbourg
- F-67083 Strasbourg Cedex
- France
| | - Marco Cecchini
- UMR7006 CNRS
- Université de Strasbourg
- F-67083 Strasbourg Cedex
- France
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Fonctions Moléculaires
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64
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Castillo HD, Espinosa-Duran JM, Dobscha JR, Ashley DC, Debnath S, Hirsch BE, Schrecke SR, Baik MH, Ortoleva PJ, Raghavachari K, Flood AH, Tait SL. Amphiphile self-assembly dynamics at the solution-solid interface reveal asymmetry in head/tail desorption. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:10076-10079. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc04465a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetric dynamics in fundamental adsorption and desorption steps drive self-assembly at solution/solid interface.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mu-Hyun Baik
- Department of Chemistry
- Indiana University
- Bloomington
- USA
| | | | | | - Amar H. Flood
- Department of Chemistry
- Indiana University
- Bloomington
- USA
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65
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Kikkawa Y, Tsuzuki S, Kashiwada A, Hiratani K. Self-assembled 2D patterns of structural isomers in isobutenyl compounds revealed by STM at solid/liquid interface. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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66
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Aitchison H, Lu H, Ortiz de la Morena R, Cebula I, Zharnikov M, Buck M. Self-assembly of 1,3,5-benzenetribenzoic acid on Ag and Cu at the liquid/solid interface. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:2731-2740. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp06160a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Big difference: molecules of benzenetribenzoic acid are disordered on Cu but highly organised on Ag, forming a monopodal row structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Aitchison
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry
- University of St Andrews
- St Andrews KY16 9ST
- UK
| | - Hao Lu
- Angewandte Physikalische Chemie
- Universität Heidelberg
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
| | | | - Izabela Cebula
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering
- University of Strathclyde
- James Weir Building
- Glasgow G1 1XJ
- UK
| | - Michael Zharnikov
- Angewandte Physikalische Chemie
- Universität Heidelberg
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
| | - Manfred Buck
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry
- University of St Andrews
- St Andrews KY16 9ST
- UK
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67
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Cui D, Ebrahimi M, Rosei F, Macleod JM. Control of Fullerene Crystallization from 2D to 3D through Combined Solvent and Template Effects. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:16732-16740. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b08642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daling Cui
- Centre
Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Maryam Ebrahimi
- Centre
Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Federico Rosei
- Centre
Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1S2, Canada
- Institute
of Fundamental and Frontier Science, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054 P. R. China
| | - Jennifer M. Macleod
- Centre
Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1S2, Canada
- School
of Chemistry, Physics, and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4000 Queensland Australia
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68
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Destoop I, Minoia A, Ivasenko O, Noguchi A, Tahara K, Tobe Y, Lazzaroni R, De Feyter S. Transfer of chiral information from a chiral solvent to a two-dimensional network. Faraday Discuss 2017; 204:215-231. [PMID: 28840217 DOI: 10.1039/c7fd00103g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chiral induction in self-assembled monolayers has garnered considerable attention in the recent past, not only due to its importance in chiral resolution and enantioselective heterogeneous catalysis but also because of its relevance to the origin of homochirality in life. Here, we demonstrate the emergence of homochirality in a supramolecular low-density network formed by achiral molecules at the interface of a chiral solvent and an atomically-flat achiral substrate. We focus on the impact of structure and functionality of the adsorbate and the chiral solvent on the chiral induction efficiency in self-assembled physisorbed monolayers, as revealed by scanning tunneling microscopy. Different induction mechanisms are proposed and evaluated, with the assistance of advanced molecular modeling simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Destoop
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B 3001, Leuven, Belgium.
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69
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Song Y, Wang Y, Jin Q, Zhou K, Shi Z, Liu PN, Ma YQ. Self-Assembly and Local Manipulation of Au-Pyridyl Coordination Networks on Metal Surfaces. Chemphyschem 2017; 18:2088-2093. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201700439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Song
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics & Interdisciplinary Research; College of Physics, Optoelectronics and Energy; Soochow University; 215006 Suzhou China
| | - Yuxu Wang
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics & Interdisciplinary Research; College of Physics, Optoelectronics and Energy; Soochow University; 215006 Suzhou China
| | - Qiao Jin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry; Key Lab for Advanced Materials and School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Kun Zhou
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics & Interdisciplinary Research; College of Physics, Optoelectronics and Energy; Soochow University; 215006 Suzhou China
| | - Ziliang Shi
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics & Interdisciplinary Research; College of Physics, Optoelectronics and Energy; Soochow University; 215006 Suzhou China
| | - Pei-Nian Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry; Key Lab for Advanced Materials and School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Yu-qiang Ma
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics & Interdisciplinary Research; College of Physics, Optoelectronics and Energy; Soochow University; 215006 Suzhou China
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210093 China
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70
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Iritani K, Tahara K, De Feyter S, Tobe Y. Host-Guest Chemistry in Integrated Porous Space Formed by Molecular Self-Assembly at Liquid-Solid Interfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:4601-4618. [PMID: 28206764 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Host-guest chemistry in two-dimensional (2D) space, that is, physisorbed monolayers of a single atom or a single molecular thickness on surfaces, has become a subject of intense current interest because of perspectives for various applications in molecular-scale electronics, selective sensors, and tailored catalysis. Scanning tunneling microscopy has been used as a powerful tool for the visualization of molecules in real space on a conducting substrate surface. For more than a decade, we have been investigating the self-assembly of a series of triangle-shaped phenylene-ethynylene macrocycles called dehydrobenzo[12]annulenes (DBAs). These molecules are substituted with six alkyl chains and are capable of forming hexagonal porous 2D molecular networks via van der Waals interactions between interdigitated alkyl chains at the interface of organic solvents and graphite. The dimension of the nanoporous space or nanowell formed by the self-assembly of DBAs can be controlled from 1.6 to 4.7 nm by simply changing the alkyl chain length from C6 to C20. Single molecules as well as homoclusters and heteroclusters are capable of coadsorbing within the host matrix using shape- and size-complementarity principles. Moreover, on the basis of the versatility of the DBA molecules that allows chemical modification of the alkyl chain terminals, we were able to decorate the interior space of the nanoporous networks with functional groups such as azobenzenedicarboxylic acid for photoresponsive guest adsorption/desorption or fluoroalkanes and tetraethylene glycol groups for selective guest binding by electrostatic interactions and zinc-porphyrin units for complexation with a guest by charge-transfer interactions. In this Feature Article, we describe the general aspects of molecular self-assembly at liquid/solid interfaces, followed by the formation of programmed porous molecular networks using rationally designed molecular building blocks. We focus on our own work involving host-guest chemistry in integrated nanoporous space that is modified for specific purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Iritani
- Division of Frontier Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University , Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Kazukuni Tahara
- Division of Frontier Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University , Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University , Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, KU Leuven - University of Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yoshito Tobe
- Division of Frontier Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University , Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
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71
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Mukherjee A, Teyssandier J, Hennrich G, De Feyter S, Mali KS. Two-dimensional crystal engineering using halogen and hydrogen bonds: towards structural landscapes. Chem Sci 2017; 8:3759-3769. [PMID: 28553534 PMCID: PMC5427994 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc00129k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) crystallization on solid surfaces is governed by a subtle balance of supramolecular and interfacial interactions. However, these subtle interactions often make the prediction of supramolecular structure from the molecular structure impossible. As a consequence, surface-based 2D crystallization has often been studied on a case-by-case basis, which hinders the identification of structure-determining relationships between different self-assembling systems. Here we begin the discussion on such structure-determining relationships by comparing the 2D crystallization of two identical building blocks based on a 1,3,5-tris(pyridine-4-ylethynyl)benzene unit at the solution-solid interface. The concepts of supramolecular synthons and structural landscapes are introduced in the context of 2D crystallization on surfaces to identify common structural elements. The systems are characterized using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). This strategy involves carrying out minor structural modifications on the parent compound to access supramolecular patterns that are otherwise not obtained. We demonstrate that this chemical perturbation strategy translates equally well for 2D co-crystallization experiments with halogen bond donors yielding porous bi-component networks. The holistic approach described here represents a stepping stone towards gaining predictive power over the 2D crystallization of molecules on solid surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arijit Mukherjee
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics , Department of Chemistry , KU Leuven-University of Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F , B3001 Leuven , Belgium . ;
| | - Joan Teyssandier
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics , Department of Chemistry , KU Leuven-University of Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F , B3001 Leuven , Belgium . ;
| | - Gunther Hennrich
- Universidad Autonoma de Madrid , Cantoblanco , 28049 Madrid , Spain
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics , Department of Chemistry , KU Leuven-University of Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F , B3001 Leuven , Belgium . ;
| | - Kunal S Mali
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics , Department of Chemistry , KU Leuven-University of Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F , B3001 Leuven , Belgium . ;
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72
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Mali KS, Pearce N, De Feyter S, Champness NR. Frontiers of supramolecular chemistry at solid surfaces. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:2520-2542. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00113d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular chemistry on solid surfaces represents an exciting field of research that continues to develop in new and unexpected directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal S. Mali
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics
- Department of Chemistry
- KU Leuven – University of Leuven
- B3001 Leuven
- Belgium
| | | | - Steven De Feyter
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics
- Department of Chemistry
- KU Leuven – University of Leuven
- B3001 Leuven
- Belgium
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73
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Cui D, MacLeod JM, Ebrahimi M, Rosei F. Selective binding in different adsorption sites of a 2D covalent organic framework. CrystEngComm 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ce00263g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Monolayer covalent organic frameworks selectively bind fullerenes and trichlorobenzene at different sites via different types of interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Cui
- Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique
- Varennes
- Canada
| | - J. M. MacLeod
- Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique
- Varennes
- Canada
- School of Chemistry, Physics, and Mechanical Engineering
| | - M. Ebrahimi
- Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique
- Varennes
- Canada
| | - F. Rosei
- Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique
- Varennes
- Canada
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Science
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74
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Della Pia A, Luo D, Blackwell R, Costantini G, Martsinovich N. Molecular self-assembly of substituted terephthalic acids at the liquid/solid interface: investigating the effect of solvent. Faraday Discuss 2017; 204:191-213. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fd00112f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembly of three related molecules – terephthalic acid and its hydroxylated analogues – at liquid/solid interfaces (graphite/heptanoic acid and graphite/1-phenyloctane) has been studied using a combination of scanning tunnelling microscopy and molecular mechanics and molecular dynamics calculations. Brickwork-like patterns typical for terephthalic acid self-assembly have been observed for all three molecules. However, several differences became apparent: (i) formation or lack of adsorbed monolayers (self-assembled monolayers formed in all systems, with one notable exception of terephthalic acid at the graphite/1-phenyloctane interface where no adsorption was observed), (ii) the size of adsorbate islands (large islands at the interface with heptanoic acid and smaller ones at the interface with 1-phenyloctane), and (iii) polymorphism of the hydroxylated terephthalic acids’ monolayers, dependent on the molecular structure and/or solvent. To rationalise this behaviour, molecular mechanics and molecular dynamics calculations have been performed, to analyse the three key aspects of the energetics of self-assembly: intermolecular, substrate–adsorbate and solvent–solute interactions. These energetic characteristics of self-assembly were brought together in a Born–Haber cycle, to obtain the overall energy effects of formation of self-assembled monolayers at these liquid/solid interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Della Pia
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick
- Coventry
- UK
| | - D. Luo
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick
- Coventry
- UK
| | - R. Blackwell
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Sheffield
- Sheffield
- UK
| | - G. Costantini
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick
- Coventry
- UK
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75
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Zhang L, Li J, Qiu S, Huang X, Zeng Z. Synthesis and self-assembly of a D3h symmetric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon into a rigid 2D honeycomb network. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj03962f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
C
3 symmetric hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene carboxylic acid assembles into a rigid 2D honeycomb network at a solid–liquid interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- P. R. China
| | - Jinling Li
- School of Material Science & Engineering
- Henan University of Technology
- Zhengzhou 450001
- P. R. China
| | - Shuhai Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering
- Wenzhou University
- Wenzhou 325035
- P. R. China
| | - Zebing Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- P. R. China
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76
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Pfeiffer CR, Pearce N, Champness NR. Complexity of two-dimensional self-assembled arrays at surfaces. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:11528-11539. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc06110b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The developing field of complexity in self-assembled systems on surfaces is discussed.
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77
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Cometto F, Frank K, Stel B, Arisnabarreta N, Kern K, Lingenfelder M. The STM bias voltage-dependent polymorphism of a binary supramolecular network. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:11430-11432. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc06597c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
We control complex multicomponent switches by tuning the local electric field at the liquid/solid interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Cometto
- Max Planck-EPFL Laboratory for Molecular Nanoscience, and Institut de Physique
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
- CH 1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
- Departamento de Fisicoquímica
| | - K. Frank
- Max Planck-EPFL Laboratory for Molecular Nanoscience, and Institut de Physique
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
- CH 1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - B. Stel
- Max Planck-EPFL Laboratory for Molecular Nanoscience, and Institut de Physique
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
- CH 1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - N. Arisnabarreta
- Departamento de Fisicoquímica
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba (INFIQC)
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba
- Córdoba
| | - K. Kern
- Max Planck-EPFL Laboratory for Molecular Nanoscience, and Institut de Physique
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
- CH 1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
- Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung
| | - M. Lingenfelder
- Max Planck-EPFL Laboratory for Molecular Nanoscience, and Institut de Physique
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
- CH 1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
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78
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Verstraete L, Greenwood J, Hirsch BE, De Feyter S. Self-Assembly under Confinement: Nanocorrals for Understanding Fundamentals of 2D Crystallization. ACS NANO 2016; 10:10706-10715. [PMID: 27749033 PMCID: PMC5198256 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b05954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Nanocorrals with different size, shape, and orientation are created on covalently modified highly oriented pyrolytic graphite surfaces using scanning probe nanolithography, i.e., nanoshaving. Alkylated diacetylene molecules undergo laterally confined supramolecular self-assembly within these corrals. When nanoshaving is performed in situ, at the liquid-solid interface, the orientation of the supramolecular lamellae structure is directionally influenced by the gradual graphite surface exposure. Careful choice of the nanoshaving direction with respect to the substrate symmetry axes promotes alignment of the supramolecular lamellae within the corral. Self-assembly occurring inside corrals of different size and shape reveals the importance of geometric and kinetic constraints controlled by the nanoshaving process. Finally, seed-mediated crystallization studies demonstrate confinement control over nucleation and growth principles.
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79
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Bragança AM, Greenwood J, Ivasenko O, Phan TH, Müllen K, De Feyter S. The impact of grafted surface defects and their controlled removal on supramolecular self-assembly. Chem Sci 2016; 7:7028-7033. [PMID: 28451139 PMCID: PMC5355800 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc02400a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate the use of covalently modified graphite as a convenient and powerful test-bed for the versatile investigation and control of 2-D crystallization at the liquid solid interface. Grafted aryls act as surface defects and create barriers to supramolecular self-assembly. An easily tunable grafting density allows for varying the effect of such defects on supramolecular self-assembly. Finally, the defects can be locally removed, triggering monolayer reconstructions and allowing in situ investigations of thermodynamically unstable or metastable morphologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Bragança
- Department of Chemistry , Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics , KU Leuven-University of Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F , B-3001 Leuven , Belgium . ; ;
| | - John Greenwood
- Department of Chemistry , Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics , KU Leuven-University of Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F , B-3001 Leuven , Belgium . ; ;
| | - Oleksandr Ivasenko
- Department of Chemistry , Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics , KU Leuven-University of Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F , B-3001 Leuven , Belgium . ; ;
| | - Thanh Hai Phan
- Department of Chemistry , Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics , KU Leuven-University of Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F , B-3001 Leuven , Belgium . ; ;
- Department of Physics , Quynhon University , 170 An Duong Vuong , Quynhon , Vietnam
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , 55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Department of Chemistry , Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics , KU Leuven-University of Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F , B-3001 Leuven , Belgium . ; ;
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80
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Cheng L, Li Y, Zhang CY, Gong ZL, Fang Q, Zhong YW, Tu B, Zeng Q, Wang C. Temperature-Triggered Chiral Self-Assembly of Achiral Molecules at the Liquid-Solid Interface. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:32004-32010. [PMID: 27801560 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b10883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Temperature triggered chiral nanostructures have been investigated on two-dimensional (2D) surfaces by means of scanning tunneling microscopy. Achiral molecules 1 and 2 tend to self-assemble into strip structures on graphite before heating. However, R and S flower-like structures are observed when heated to certain temperature. The transition temperatures of 1 and 2 systems are 55 and 60 °C, respectively. The density functional theory calculations demonstrate that R and S flower-like structures are more stable than strip structures. The coexistence of flower-like structures and strip structures demonstrates the thermodynamic equilibrium. Further, when chiral solvent is added to the sample with other conditions remaining the same, the racemic phenomenon disappears and homochirality emerges. This is an efficient method to control the chirality of 2D molecular assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linxiu Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Organo-pharmaceutical Chemistry, Gannan Normal University , Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China
| | - Yibao Li
- Key Laboratory of Organo-pharmaceutical Chemistry, Gannan Normal University , Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Yu Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zhong-Liang Gong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Qiaojun Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Wu Zhong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Bin Tu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Qingdao Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Chen Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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81
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Tobe Y, Tahara K, De Feyter S. Adaptive Building Blocks Consisting of Rigid Triangular Core and Flexible Alkoxy Chains for Self-Assembly at Liquid/Solid Interfaces. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2016. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20160214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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82
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Takaki Y, Ozawa R, Kajitani T, Fukushima T, Mitsui M, Kobayashi K. Synthesis and Self-Assembly of Cyclic 2,7-Anthrylene Ethynylene 1,3-Phenylene Ethynylene Trimer with a Planar Conformation. Chemistry 2016; 22:16760-16764. [PMID: 27734532 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201603627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic arylene ethynylene hexamer 1, composed of alternating 2,7-anthrylene ethynylene units and meta-phenylene ethynylene units, was synthesized. It shows C3 symmetry and possesses a flat and rigid conformation with a large equilateral triangle-like cavity. Macrocycle 1 self-associates through π-π stacking interactions between the anthracene-containing macrocyclic aromatic cores with indefinite-association constant KE =6980 m-1 in CDCl3 at 303 K. Macrocycle 1 also self-assembles into π-stacked nanofibers in the drop-cast film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Takaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Ryota Ozawa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Takashi Kajitani
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan.,RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan
| | - Takanori Fukushima
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Masaaki Mitsui
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishiikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, 171-8501, Japan
| | - Kenji Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
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83
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Cao H, Destoop I, Tahara K, Tobe Y, Mali KS, De Feyter S. Complex Chiral Induction Processes at the Solution/Solid Interface. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2016; 120:17444-17453. [PMID: 29296135 PMCID: PMC5747489 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b04911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Revised: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional supramolecular chirality is often achieved by confining molecules against a solid surface. The sergeants-soldiers principle is a popular strategy to fabricate chiral surfaces using predominantly achiral molecules. In this method, achiral molecules (the soldiers) are forced to assemble in a chiral fashion by mixing them with a small percentage of structurally similar chiral molecules (the sergeants). The full complexity of the amplification processes in chiral induction studies is rarely revealed due to the specific experimental conditions used. Here we report the evolution of chirality in mixed supramolecular networks of chiral and achiral dehydrobenzo[12]annulene (DBA) derivatives using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) at the solution/solid interface. The experiments were carried out in the high sergeants-soldiers mole ratio regime in relatively concentrated solutions. Variation in the sergeants/soldiers composition at a constant solution concentration revealed different mole ratio regimes where either amplification of supramolecular handedness as defined by the sergeant chirality or its reversal was observed. The chiral induction/reversal processes were found to be a convolution of different phenomena occurring at the solution-solid interface namely, structural polymorphism, competitive adsorption and adaptive host-guest recognition. Grasping the full complexity of chiral amplification processes as described here is a stepping-stone toward developing a predictive understanding of chiral amplification processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Cao
- Division
of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven−University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Iris Destoop
- Division
of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven−University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kazukuni Tahara
- Division
of Frontier Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Yoshito Tobe
- Division
of Frontier Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Kunal S. Mali
- Division
of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven−University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Division
of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven−University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B3001 Leuven, Belgium
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84
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Yang B, Lin H, Miao K, Zhu P, Liang L, Sun K, Zhang H, Fan J, Meunier V, Li Y, Li Q, Chi L. Catalytic Dealkylation of Ethers to Alcohols on Metal Surfaces. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201602414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Biao Yang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM); Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based, Functional Materials & Devices; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 P.R. China
| | - Haiping Lin
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM); Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based, Functional Materials & Devices; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 P.R. China
| | - Kangjian Miao
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM); Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based, Functional Materials & Devices; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 P.R. China
| | - Pan Zhu
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics, and Astronomy; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Troy NY 12180 USA
| | - Liangbo Liang
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics, and Astronomy; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Troy NY 12180 USA
| | - Kewei Sun
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM); Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based, Functional Materials & Devices; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 P.R. China
| | - Haiming Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM); Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based, Functional Materials & Devices; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 P.R. China
| | - Jian Fan
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM); Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based, Functional Materials & Devices; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 P.R. China
| | - Vincent Meunier
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics, and Astronomy; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Troy NY 12180 USA
| | - Youyong Li
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM); Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based, Functional Materials & Devices; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 P.R. China
| | - Qing Li
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM); Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based, Functional Materials & Devices; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 P.R. China
| | - Lifeng Chi
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM); Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based, Functional Materials & Devices; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 P.R. China
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85
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Yang B, Lin H, Miao K, Zhu P, Liang L, Sun K, Zhang H, Fan J, Meunier V, Li Y, Li Q, Chi L. Catalytic Dealkylation of Ethers to Alcohols on Metal Surfaces. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:9881-5. [PMID: 27432690 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201602414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
On-surface synthesis has prompted much interest in recent years because it provides an alternative strategy for controlling chemical reactions and allows for the direct observation of reaction pathways. Herein, we combined scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional theory to provide extensive evidence for the conversion of alkoxybenzene-containing ethers into alcohols by means of surface synthesis. The reported dealkylation reactions are finely controlled by the annealing parameters, which govern the onset of successive alkyl chains dissociations. Moreover, density functional theory calculations elucidate the details of the reaction pathways, showing that dealkylation reactions are surface-assisted and very different from their homogeneous analogues in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Yang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based, Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Haiping Lin
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based, Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Kangjian Miao
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based, Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Pan Zhu
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics, and Astronomy, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Liangbo Liang
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics, and Astronomy, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Kewei Sun
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based, Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Haiming Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based, Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Jian Fan
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based, Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Vincent Meunier
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics, and Astronomy, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Youyong Li
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based, Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Qing Li
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based, Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China.
| | - Lifeng Chi
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based, Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China.
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86
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Dynamic control over supramolecular handedness by selecting chiral induction pathways at the solution-solid interface. Nat Chem 2016; 8:711-7. [PMID: 27325099 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A dominant theme within the research on two-dimensional chirality is the sergeant-soldiers principle, wherein a small fraction of chiral molecules (sergeants) is used to skew the handedness of achiral molecules (soldiers) to generate a homochiral surface. Here, we have combined the sergeant-soldiers principle with temperature-dependent molecular self-assembly to unravel a peculiar chiral amplification mechanism at the solution-solid interface in which, depending on the concentration of a sergeant-soldiers solution, the majority handedness of the system can either be amplified or entirely reversed after an annealing step, furnishing a homochiral surface. Two discrete pathways that affect different stages of two-dimensional crystal growth are invoked for rationalizing this phenomenon and we present a set of experiments where the access to each pathway can be precisely controlled. These results demonstrate that a detailed understanding of subtle intermolecular and interfacial interactions can be used to induce drastic changes in the handedness of a supramolecular network.
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87
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Liu C, Zhang W, Zeng Q, Lei S. A Photoresponsive Surface Covalent Organic Framework: Surface-Confined Synthesis, Isomerization, and Controlled Guest Capture and Release. Chemistry 2016; 22:6768-73. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System (HIT); Harbin Institute of Technology; Harbin 150080 P. R. of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Chemistry; Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 P. R. of China
| | - Qingdao Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology; National Center for Nanoscience and Technology; Beijing 100190 P. R. of China
| | - Shengbin Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System (HIT); Harbin Institute of Technology; Harbin 150080 P. R. of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science; Department of Chemistry, School of Science & Collaborative Innovation, Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin); Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 P. R. of China
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88
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Tahara K, Nakatani K, Iritani K, De Feyter S, Tobe Y. Periodic Functionalization of Surface-Confined Pores in a Two-Dimensional Porous Network Using a Tailored Molecular Building Block. ACS NANO 2016; 10:2113-2120. [PMID: 26838957 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b06483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We present here the periodic functionalization of a two-dimensional (2D) porous molecular network using a tailored molecular building block. For this purpose, a dehydrobenzo[12]annulene (DBA) derivative, 1-isoDBA, having an isophthalic acid unit connected by an azobenzene linker to a C12 alkyl chain and five C14 chains, was designed and synthesized. After the optimization of monolayer preparation conditions at the 1,2,4-trichlorobezene (TCB)/graphite interface, scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) observation of the self-assembled monolayer of 1-isoDBA revealed the formation of extended domains of a porous honeycomb-type molecular network, which consists of periodically located nanowells each functionalized by a cyclic hexamer of hydrogen-bonded isophthalic acid units and those without functional groups. This result demonstrates that the present strategy based on precise molecular design is a viable route to site-specific functionalization of surface-confined nanowells. The nanowells of different size can be used for guest coadsorption of different guests, coronene COR and hexakis[4-(phenylethynyl)phenylethynyl]benzene HPEPEB, whose size and shape match the respective nanowells. STM observation of a ternary mixture (1-isoDBA/COR/HPEPEB) at the TCB/graphite interface revealed the site-selective immobilization of the two different guest molecules at the respective nanowells, producing a highly ordered three-component 2D structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazukuni Tahara
- Division of Frontier Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University , Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) , Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Kenta Nakatani
- Division of Frontier Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University , Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Kohei Iritani
- Division of Frontier Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University , Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200 F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yoshito Tobe
- Division of Frontier Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University , Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
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89
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El Garah M, Dianat A, Cadeddu A, Gutierrez R, Cecchini M, Cook TR, Ciesielski A, Stang PJ, Cuniberti G, Samorì P. Atomically Precise Prediction of 2D Self-Assembly of Weakly Bonded Nanostructures: STM Insight into Concentration-Dependent Architectures. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:343-350. [PMID: 26596683 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201502957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A joint experimental and computational study is reported on the concentration-dependant self-assembly of a flat C3 -symmetric molecule on a graphite surface. As a model system a tripodal molecule, 1,3,5-tris(pyridin-3-ylethynyl)benzene, has been chosen, which can adopt either C3h or Cs symmetry when planar, as a result of pyridyl rotation along the alkynyl spacers. Density functional theory (DFT) simulations of 2D nanopatterns with different surface coverage reveal that the molecule can generate different types of self-assembled motifs. The stability of fourteen 2D patterns and the influence of concentration are analyzed. It is found that ordered, densely packed monolayers and 2D porous networks are obtained at high and low concentrations, respectively. A concentration-dependent scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) investigation of this molecular self-assembly system at a solution/graphite interface reveals four supramolecular motifs, which are in perfect agreement with those predicted by simulations. Therefore, this DFT method represents a key step forward toward the atomically precise prediction of molecular self-assembly on surfaces and at interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed El Garah
- ISIS & icFRC, Université de Strasbourg & CNRS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Arezoo Dianat
- Faculty of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Institute for Materials Sciences and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- Institute for Materials Science, Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science (DCCMS) and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Dresden University of Technology, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andrea Cadeddu
- ISIS & icFRC, Université de Strasbourg & CNRS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Rafael Gutierrez
- Faculty of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Institute for Materials Sciences and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- Institute for Materials Science, Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science (DCCMS) and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Dresden University of Technology, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marco Cecchini
- ISIS & icFRC, Université de Strasbourg & CNRS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Timothy R Cook
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Artur Ciesielski
- ISIS & icFRC, Université de Strasbourg & CNRS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Peter J Stang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Gianaurelio Cuniberti
- Faculty of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Institute for Materials Sciences and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- Institute for Materials Science, Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science (DCCMS) and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Dresden University of Technology, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Paolo Samorì
- ISIS & icFRC, Université de Strasbourg & CNRS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
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90
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Conti S, Cecchini M. Predicting molecular self-assembly at surfaces: a statistical thermodynamics and modeling approach. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:31480-31493. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp05249e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A self-consistent framework based on modeling and statistical mechanics for the theoretical interpretation of self-assembly at surfaces and interfaces is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Conti
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Fonctions Moléculaires ISIS
- UMR 7006 CNRS
- Université de Strasbourg
- F-67083 Strasbourg Cedex
- France
| | - Marco Cecchini
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Fonctions Moléculaires ISIS
- UMR 7006 CNRS
- Université de Strasbourg
- F-67083 Strasbourg Cedex
- France
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91
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Nguyen DCY, Smykalla L, Nguyen TNH, Mehring M, Hietschold M. Role of the deposition temperature on the self-assembly of the non-planar molecule benzene-1,3,5-triphosphonic acid (BTP) at the liquid–solid interface. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:24219-27. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp04764e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen-bonded supramolecular structures of BTP at the undecanol–graphite interface were studied by STM in dependence on the deposition temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doan Chau Yen Nguyen
- Technische Universität Chemnitz
- Institute of Physics
- Solid Surfaces Analysis Group
- D-09107 Chemnitz
- Germany
| | - Lars Smykalla
- Technische Universität Chemnitz
- Institute of Physics
- Solid Surfaces Analysis Group
- D-09107 Chemnitz
- Germany
| | - Thi Ngoc Ha Nguyen
- Technische Universität Chemnitz
- Institute of Physics
- Solid Surfaces Analysis Group
- D-09107 Chemnitz
- Germany
| | - Michael Mehring
- Technische Universität Chemnitz
- Institut für Chemie
- Koordinationschemie
- D-09111 Chemnitz
- Germany
| | - Michael Hietschold
- Technische Universität Chemnitz
- Institute of Physics
- Solid Surfaces Analysis Group
- D-09107 Chemnitz
- Germany
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92
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Adsorption thermodynamics of cross-shaped molecules with one attractive arm on random heterogeneous square lattice. ADSORPTION 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10450-015-9747-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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93
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Lee SL, Fang Y, Velpula G, Cometto FP, Lingenfelder M, Müllen K, Mali KS, De Feyter S. Reversible Local and Global Switching in Multicomponent Supramolecular Networks: Controlled Guest Release and Capture at the Solution/Solid Interface. ACS NANO 2015; 9:11608-17. [PMID: 26550765 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b06081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Dynamically switchable supramolecular systems offer exciting possibilities in building smart surfaces, the structure and thus the function of which can be controlled by using external stimuli. Here we demonstrate an elegant approach where the guest binding ability of a supramolecular surface can be controlled by inducing structural transitions in it. A physisorbed self-assembled network of a simple hydrogen bonding building block is used as a switching platform. We illustrate that the reversible transition between porous and nonporous networks can be accomplished using an electric field or applying a thermal stimulus. These transitions are used to achieve controlled guest release or capture at the solution-solid interface. The electric field and the temperature-mediated methods of guest release are operative at different length scales. While the former triggers the transition and thus guest release at the nanometer scale, the latter is effective over a much larger scale. The flexibility associated with physisorbed self-assembled networks renders this approach an attractive alternative to conventional switchable systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shern-Long Lee
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven-University of Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yuan Fang
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven-University of Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gangamallaiah Velpula
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven-University of Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Kunal S Mali
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven-University of Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven-University of Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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94
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Reimers JR, Ford MJ, Goerigk L. Problems, successes and challenges for the application of dispersion-corrected density-functional theory combined with dispersion-based implicit solvent models to large-scale hydrophobic self-assembly and polymorphism. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2015.1066504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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95
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Reimers JR, Panduwinata D, Visser J, Chin Y, Tang C, Goerigk L, Ford MJ, Sintic M, Sum TJ, Coenen MJJ, Hendriksen BLM, Elemans JAAW, Hush NS, Crossley MJ. A priori calculations of the free energy of formation from solution of polymorphic self-assembled monolayers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E6101-10. [PMID: 26512115 PMCID: PMC4653194 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1516984112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern quantum chemical electronic structure methods typically applied to localized chemical bonding are developed to predict atomic structures and free energies for meso-tetraalkylporphyrin self-assembled monolayer (SAM) polymorph formation from organic solution on highly ordered pyrolytic graphite surfaces. Large polymorph-dependent dispersion-induced substrate-molecule interactions (e.g., -100 kcal mol(-1) to -150 kcal mol(-1) for tetratrisdecylporphyrin) are found to drive SAM formation, opposed nearly completely by large polymorph-dependent dispersion-induced solvent interactions (70-110 kcal mol(-1)) and entropy effects (25-40 kcal mol(-1) at 298 K) favoring dissolution. Dielectric continuum models of the solvent are used, facilitating consideration of many possible SAM polymorphs, along with quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical and dispersion-corrected density functional theory calculations. These predict and interpret newly measured and existing high-resolution scanning tunnelling microscopy images of SAM structure, rationalizing polymorph formation conditions. A wide range of molecular condensed matter properties at room temperature now appear suitable for prediction and analysis using electronic structure calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey R Reimers
- International Centre for Quantum and Molecular Structure, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, The University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia;
| | - Dwi Panduwinata
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Johan Visser
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Yiing Chin
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Chunguang Tang
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Lars Goerigk
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Michael J Ford
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, The University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Maxine Sintic
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Tze-Jing Sum
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Michiel J J Coenen
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bas L M Hendriksen
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes A A W Elemans
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Noel S Hush
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Biomolecular Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Maxwell J Crossley
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
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96
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Stepanenko V, Kandanelli R, Uemura S, Würthner F, Fernández G. Concentration-dependent rhombitrihexagonal tiling patterns at the liquid/solid interface. Chem Sci 2015; 6:5853-5858. [PMID: 28791089 PMCID: PMC5523081 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc00811e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We report STM investigations on a linear oligophenyleneethylene (OPE)-based self-assembling Pd(ii) complex 1 that forms highly-ordered concentration dependent patterns on HOPG. At high concentration, 2D lamellar structures are observed whereas the dilution of the system below a critical concentration leads to the formation of visually attractive rhombitrihexagonal Archimedean tiling arrangements featuring three different kinds of polygons: triangles, hexagons and rhombi. The key participation of the Cl ligands attached to the Pd(ii) centre in multiple C-H···Cl interactions was demonstrated by comparing the patterns of 1 with those of an analogous non-metallic system 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Stepanenko
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry , Universität Würzburg Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany . ;
| | - Ramesh Kandanelli
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry , Universität Würzburg Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany . ;
| | - Shinobu Uemura
- Department of Advanced Materials Science , Kagawa Universtity , 2217-20, Hayashi-cho , Takamatsu , Kagawa 761-0396 , Japan
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry , Universität Würzburg Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany . ;
| | - Gustavo Fernández
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry , Universität Würzburg Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany . ;
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97
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Yokoyama S, Hirose T, Matsuda K. Effects of Alkyl Chain Length and Hydrogen Bonds on the Cooperative Self-Assembly of 2-Thienyl-Type Diarylethenes at a Liquid/Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite (HOPG) Interface. Chemistry 2015. [PMID: 26219631 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
An appropriate understanding of the process of self-assembly is of critical importance to tailor nanostructured order on 2D surfaces with functional molecules. Photochromic compounds are promising candidates for building blocks of advanced photoresponsive surfaces. To investigate the relationship between molecular structure and the mechanism of ordering formation, 2-thienyl-type diarylethenes with various lengths of alkyl side chains linked through an amide or ester group were synthesized. Their self-assemblies at a liquid/solid interface were investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The concentration dependence of the surface coverage was analyzed by using a cooperative model for a 2D surface based on two characteristic parameters: the nucleation equilibrium constant (Kn) and the elongation equilibrium constant (Ke). The following conclusions can be drawn. 1) The concentration at which a stable 2D molecular ordering is observed by STM exponentially decreases with increasing length of the alkyl chain. 2) Compounds bearing amide groups have higher degrees of cooperativity in self-assembly on 2D surfaces (i.e., σ, which is defined as Kn/Ke) than compounds with ester groups. 3) The self-assembly process of the open-ring isomer of an ester derivative is close to isodesmic, whereas that of the closed-ring isomer is cooperative because of the difference in equilibrium constants for the nucleation step (i.e., Kn) between the two isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichi Yokoyama
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510 (Japan)
| | - Takashi Hirose
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510 (Japan)
| | - Kenji Matsuda
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510 (Japan).
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98
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Tahara K, Kaneko K, Katayama K, Itano S, Nguyen CH, Amorim DDD, De Feyter S, Tobe Y. Formation of Multicomponent Star Structures at the Liquid/Solid Interface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:7032-7040. [PMID: 26061362 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b01507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
To demonstrate key roles of multiple interactions between multiple components and multiple phases in the formation of an uncommon self-assembling pattern, we present here the construction of a porous hexagonal star (h-star) structure using a trigonal molecular building block at the liquid/solid interface. For this purpose, self-assembly of hexaalkoxy-substituted dehydrobenzo[12]annulene derivatives DBA-OCns was investigated at the tetradecane/graphite interface by means of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Monolayer structures were significantly influenced by coadsorbed tetradecane molecules depending on the alkyl chains length (C13-C16) of DBA-OCn. However, none of DBA-OCn molecules formed the expected trigonal complexes, indicating that an additional driving force is necessary for the formation of the trigonal complex and its assembly into the h-star structure. As a first approach, we employed the "guest induced structural change" for the formation of the h-star structure. In the presence of two guest molecules, nonsubstituted DBA and hexakis(phenylethynyl)benzene which fit the respective pores, an h-star structure was formed by DBA-OC15 at the tetradecane/graphite interface. Moreover, a tetradecane molecule was coadsorbed between a pair of alkyl chains of DBA-OC15, thereby blocking the interdigitation of the alkyl chain pairs. Therefore, the h-star structure results from the self-assembly of the four molecular components including the solvent molecule. The second approach is based on aggregation of perfluoroalkyl chains via fluorophilicity of DBA-F, in which the perfluoroalkyl groups are substituted at the end of three alkyl chains of DBA-OCn via p-phenylene linkers. A trigonal complex consisting of DBA-F and three tetradecane molecules formed an h-star structure, in which the perfluoroalkyl groups that orient into the alkane solution phase aggregated at the hexagonal pore via fluorophilicity. The present result provides useful insight into the design and control of complex molecular self-assembly at the liquid/solid interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazukuni Tahara
- †Division of Frontier Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Kyohei Kaneko
- †Division of Frontier Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Keisuke Katayama
- †Division of Frontier Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Shintaro Itano
- †Division of Frontier Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Chi Huan Nguyen
- †Division of Frontier Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Deborah D D Amorim
- †Division of Frontier Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Steven De Feyter
- ‡Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yoshito Tobe
- †Division of Frontier Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
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Frath D, Sakano T, Imaizumi Y, Yokoyama S, Hirose T, Matsuda K. Diarylethene Self-Assembled Monolayers: Cocrystallization and Mixing-Induced Cooperativity Highlighted by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy at the Liquid/Solid Interface. Chemistry 2015; 21:11350-8. [PMID: 26119457 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Stimulus control over 2D multicomponent molecular ordering on surfaces is a key technique for realizing advanced materials with stimuli-responsive surface properties. The formation of 2D molecular ordering along with photoisomerization was monitored by scanning tunneling microscopy at the octanoic acid/highly oriented pyrolytic graphite interface for a synthesized amide-containing diarylethene, which underwent photoisomerization between the open- and closed-ring isomers and also a side-reaction to give the annulated isomer. The nucleation (Kn) and elongation (Ke) equilibrium constants were determined by analysis of the concentration dependence of the surface coverage by using a cooperative model at the liquid/solid interface. It was found that the annulated isomer has a very large equilibrium constant, which explains the predominantly observed ordering of the annulated isomer. It was also found that the presence of the closed-ring isomer induces cooperativity into the formation of molecular ordering composed of the open-ring isomer. A quantitative analysis of the formation of ordering by using the cooperative model has provided a new view of the formation of 2D multicomponent molecular ordering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Frath
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510 (Japan)
| | - Takeshi Sakano
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510 (Japan)
| | - Yohei Imaizumi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510 (Japan)
| | - Soichi Yokoyama
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510 (Japan)
| | - Takashi Hirose
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510 (Japan)
| | - Kenji Matsuda
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510 (Japan).
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100
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Yokoyama S, Hirose T, Matsuda K. Photoinduced Four-State Three-Step Ordering Transformation of Photochromic Terthiophene at a Liquid/Solid Interface Based on Two Principles: Photochromism and Polymorphism. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:6404-6414. [PMID: 26005903 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b01404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated photoinduced ordering transformation of a photochromic terthiophene derivative by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) at the trichlorobenzene (TCB)/highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) interface. The open-ring and annulated isomers of the terthiophene formed two-dimensional molecular orderings with different patterns while the closed-ring isomer did not form any ordering. The ordering of the open-ring isomer exhibited polymorphism depending on the concentration of supernatant solution. Upon UV light irradiation to a solution of the open-ring isomer or the closed-ring isomer, ordering composed of the annulated isomer was irreversibly formed. Upon visible light irradiation or thermal stimulus to the closed-ring isomer, the two kinds of polymorph composed of the open-ring isomer were formed due to the polymorphism. By controlling photochromism and polymorphism among four states made of three photochemical isomers, four-state three-step transformation was achieved by in situ photoirradiation from a solution of the closed-ring isomer (no ordering) into the ordering composed of the open-ring isomer (ordering α and β) followed by the orderings composed of the annulated isomer (ordering γ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichi Yokoyama
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Takashi Hirose
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kenji Matsuda
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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