51
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Nokami T, Isoda Y, Sasaki N, Takaiso A, Hayase S, Itoh T, Hayashi R, Shimizu A, Yoshida JI. Automated Electrochemical Assembly of the Protected Potential TMG-chitotriomycin Precursor Based on Rational Optimization of the Carbohydrate Building Block. Org Lett 2015; 17:1525-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ryutaro Hayashi
- Department
of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of
Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto-daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Akihiro Shimizu
- Department
of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of
Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto-daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Yoshida
- Department
of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of
Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto-daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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52
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Mondal PK, Liao G, Mondal MA, Guo Z. Chemical synthesis of the repeating unit of type Ia group B Streptococcus capsular polysaccharide. Org Lett 2015; 17:1102-5. [PMID: 25674920 PMCID: PMC4664191 DOI: 10.1021/ol5036563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The structure of the capsular polysaccharide (CPS) of serotype Ia group B Streptococcus (GBS) has been characterized for years, but its repeating unit, which is a challenging pentasaccharide with a branch and a difficult α-sialic acid linkage, has not been synthesized yet. In this report, an effective synthesis was developed for the serotype Ia GBS CPS repeating unit, which had a reactive functionality linked to its main-chain reducing end to enable further elaboration, such as coupling with carrier proteins. The target molecule was accomplished by a convergent [2 + 3] glycosylation strategy employing a sialo-disaccharide as donor and a branched trisaccharide as acceptor. The strategy was designed to suit the synthesis of oligomers of the repeating unit.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mohabul A. Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
| | - Zhongwu Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
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53
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Zhu D, Cao X, Yu B. Au(i) π-bis(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)acetylene triphenylphosphine complex, an effective pre-catalyst for Au(i)-catalyzed reactions. Org Chem Front 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5qo00023h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A [Ph3PAu]+ η2-alkyne π complex is found to be shelf-stable and effective for a range of the Au(i)-catalyzed alkyne π activation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Xin Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Biao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- China
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54
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Chen X, Shen D, Wang Q, Yang Y, Yu B. ortho-(Methyltosylaminoethynyl)benzyl glycosides as new glycosyl donors for latent-active glycosylation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:13957-60. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc05651a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A new glycosylation protocol with ortho-(methyltosylaminoethynyl)benzyl glycosides as donors is disclosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Dacheng Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Qiaoling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - You Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design
- School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Biao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- China
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55
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56
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Despras G, Alix A, Urban D, Vauzeilles B, Beau JM. From chitin to bioactive chitooligosaccharides and conjugates: access to lipochitooligosaccharides and the TMG-chitotriomycin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:11912-6. [PMID: 25212734 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201406802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The direct and chemoselective N-transacylation of peracetylated chitooligosaccharides (COSs), readily obtained from chitin, to give per-N-trifluoroacetyl derivatives offers an attractive route to size-defined COSs and derived glycoconjugates. It involves the use of various acceptor building blocks and trifluoromethyl oxazoline dimer donors prepared with efficiency and highly reactive in 1,2-trans glycosylation reactions. This method was applied to the preparation of the important symbiotic glycolipids which are highly active on plants and to the TMG-chitotriomycin, a potent and specific inhibitor of insect, fungal, and bacterial N-acetylglucosaminidases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Despras
- Université Paris-Sud and CNRS, Laboratoire de Synthèse de Biomolécules, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, UMR 8182, 91405 Orsay (France)
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57
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Despras G, Alix A, Urban D, Vauzeilles B, Beau JM. From Chitin to Bioactive Chitooligosaccharides and Conjugates: Access to Lipochitooligosaccharides and the TMG-chitotriomycin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201406802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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58
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A crystal structure-guided rational design switching non-carbohydrate inhibitors' specificity between two β-GlcNAcase homologs. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6188. [PMID: 25155420 PMCID: PMC4143770 DOI: 10.1038/srep06188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective inhibition of function-specific β-GlcNAcase has great potential in terms of drug design and biological research. The symmetrical bis-naphthalimide M-31850 was previously obtained by screening for specificity against human glycoconjugate-lytic β-GlcNAcase. Using protein-ligand co-crystallization and molecular docking, we designed an unsymmetrical dyad of naphthalimide and thiadiazole, Q2, that changes naphthalimide specificity from against a human glycoconjugate-lytic β-GlcNAcase to against insect and bacterial chitinolytic β-GlcNAcases. The crystallographic and in silico studies reveal that the naphthalimide ring can be utilized to bind different parts of these enzyme homologs, providing a new starting point to design specific inhibitors. Moreover, Q2-induced closure of the substrate binding pocket is the structural basis for its 13-fold increment in inhibitory potency. Q2 is the first non-carbohydrate inhibitor against chitinolytic β-GlcNAcases. This study provides a useful example of structure-based rationally designed inhibitors as potential pharmaceuticals or pesticides.
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59
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Liu H, Li X. A Stereoselective Ring-Closing Glycosylation via Nonglycosylating Pathway. J Org Chem 2014; 79:5834-41. [DOI: 10.1021/jo5006763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Han Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Xuechen Li
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, PR China
- State
Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
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60
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Synthesis of the tetrasaccharide outer core fragment of Burkholderia multivorans lipooligosaccharide. Carbohydr Res 2014; 403:182-91. [PMID: 24933233 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2014.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The first synthesis of the outer core fragment of Burkholderia multivorans lipooligosaccharide [β-D-Glc-(1→3)-α-D-GalNAc-(1→3)-β-D-GalNAc-(1→3)-L-Rha] as α-allyl tetrasaccharide was accomplished. The glycosylations involving GalNAc units were studied in depth testing them under several conditions. This allowed the building of both the α- and the β-configured glycosidic bonds by employing the same GalNAc glycosyl donor, thus considerably shortening the total number of synthetic steps. The target tetrasaccharide was synthesized with an allyl aglycone to allow its future conjugation with an immunogenic protein en route to the development of a synthetic neoglycoconjugate vaccine against the Burkholderia cepacia pathogens.
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61
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62
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Xu P, Xu W, Dai Y, Yang Y, Yu B. Efficient synthesis of a library of heparin tri- and tetrasaccharides relevant to the substrate of heparanase. Org Chem Front 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4qo00039k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A robust glycosylation protocol was fixed to construct the GlcN–(1α→4)-GlcA/IdoA linkagesen routeto heparin oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Weichang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuanwei Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032, China
| | - You Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Biao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032, China
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63
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64
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Manabe S, Satoh H, Hutter J, Lüthi HP, Laino T, Ito Y. Significant substituent effect on the anomerization of pyranosides: mechanism of anomerization and synthesis of a 1,2-cis glucosamine oligomer from the 1,2-trans anomer. Chemistry 2013; 20:124-32. [PMID: 24307501 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201303474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Aminoglycosides containing a 2,3-trans carbamate group easily undergo anomerization from the 1,2-trans glycoside to the 1,2-cis isomer under mild acidic conditions. The N-substituent of the carbamate has a significant effect on the anomerization reaction; in particular, an N-acetyl group facilitated rapid and complete α-anomerization. The differences in reactivity due to the various N-substituents were supported by the results of DFT calculations; the orientation of the acetyl carbonyl group close to the anomeric position was found to contribute significantly to the directing of the anomerization reaction. By exploiting this reaction, oligoaminoglycosides with multiple 1,2-cis glycosidic bonds were generated from 1,2-trans glycosides in a one-step process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shino Manabe
- RIKEN, Synthetic Cellular Chemistry Laboratory, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 (Japan), Fax: (+81) 48-462-9430.
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65
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Tang Y, Li J, Zhu Y, Li Y, Yu B. Mechanistic Insights into the Gold(I)-Catalyzed Activation of Glycosyl ortho-Alkynylbenzoates for Glycosidation. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:18396-405. [DOI: 10.1021/ja4064316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tang
- State
Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling
Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiakun Li
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yugen Zhu
- State
Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling
Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yao Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling
Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Biao Yu
- State
Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling
Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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66
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Peng L, Zhang FM, Yang BM, Zhang XB, Liu WX, Zhang SY, Tu YQ. Toward the natural didemnaketal A: total synthesis of the isomer of didemnaketal A. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.09.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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67
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Ma Y, Cao X, Yu B. Synthesis of oligosaccharide fragments of the rhamnogalacturonan of Nerium indicum. Carbohydr Res 2013; 377:63-74. [PMID: 23811084 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2013.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Three trisaccharides, one pentasaccharide, and one heptasaccharide, namely α-D-GalA-(1→2)-α-L-Rha-(1→4)-β-D-GalA-OC3H7 (1), α-L-Rha-(1→4)-α-D-GalA-(1→4)-β-D-GalA-OC3H7 (2), α-D-GalA-(1→4)-α-D-GalA-(1→2)-α-L-Rha-OC3H7 (3), α-D-GalA-(1→2)-α-L-Rha-(1→4)-α-D-GalA-(1→2)-α-L-Rha-(1→4)-β-D-GalA-OC3H7 (4), and α-D-GalA-(1→2)-α-L-Rha-(1→4)-α-D-GalA-(1→2)-α-L-Rha-(1→4)-α-D-GalA-(1→2)-α-L-Rha-(1→4)-β-D-GalA-OC3H7 (5), which are relevant to the fragments of the rhamnogalacturonan of Nerium indicum, were concisely synthesized. The syntheses feature highly stereoselective formation of the α-D-GalA-linkage with GalA N-phenyltrifluoroacetimidates as donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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68
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Xiao G, Yu B. Total synthesis of starfish saponin goniopectenoside B. Chemistry 2013; 19:7708-12. [PMID: 23649953 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201301186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Star quality: Goniopectenoside B, a minor asterosaponin from starfish Goniopecten demonstrans with antifouling activity, has been synthesized in a convergent 21 steps and in 4.3 % overall yield starting from adrenosterone. This represents the first synthesis of a complex asterosaponin, which are ubiquitous and characteristic in starfish as defense chemicals (see figure).
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Affiliation(s)
- Guozhi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, PR China
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69
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Shiota H, Kanzaki H, Hatanaka T, Nitoda T. TMG-chitotriomycin as a probe for the prediction of substrate specificity of β-N-acetylhexosaminidases. Carbohydr Res 2013; 375:29-34. [PMID: 23685037 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2013.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Revised: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
TMG-chitotriomycin (1) produced by the actinomycete Streptomyces annulatus NBRC13369 was examined as a probe for the prediction of substrate specificity of β-N-acetylhexosaminidases (HexNAcases). According to the results of inhibition assays, 14 GH20 HexNAcases from various organisms were divided into 1-sensitive and 1-insensitive enzymes. Three representatives of each group were investigated for their substrate specificity. The 1-sensitive HexNAcases hydrolyzed N-acetylchitooligosaccharides but not N-glycan-type oligosaccharides, whereas the 1-insensitive enzymes hydrolyzed N-glycan-type oligosaccharides but not N-acetylchitooligosaccharides, indicating that TMG-chitotriomycin can be used as a molecular probe to distinguish between chitin-degrading HexNAcases and glycoconjugate-processing HexNAcases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Shiota
- Laboratory of Bioresources Chemistry, The Graduate School of Environmental & Life Science, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
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70
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Manabe S, Ito Y. Hafnium(IV) tetratriflate as a glycosyl fluoride activation reagent. J Org Chem 2013; 78:4568-72. [PMID: 23565903 DOI: 10.1021/jo400282x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Hafnium(IV) tetratriflate was found to be a good activator of glycosyl fluoride. The protocol was operationally simple and was widely applicable to a variety of substrates in both solid-phase and solution-phase glycosylation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shino Manabe
- RIKEN, Synthetic Cellular Chemistry Laboratory, Hirosawa Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
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71
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Halila S, Samain E, Vorgias CE, Armand S. A straightforward access to TMG-chitooligomycins and their evaluation as β-N-acetylhexosaminidase inhibitors. Carbohydr Res 2013; 368:52-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2012.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Revised: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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72
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ortho-Alkynylphenyl thioglycosides as a new type of glycosylation donors under the catalysis of Au(I) complexes. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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73
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Hattori K, Yoshida T. Synthesis of a new 2-amino-glycan, poly-(1→6)-α-D
-mannosamine, by ring-opening polymerization of 1,6-anhydro-mannosamine derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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74
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Abstract
Having access to mild and operationally simple techniques for attaining carbohydrate targets will be necessary to facilitate advancement in biological, medicinal, and pharmacological research. Even with the abundance of elegant reports for generating glycosidic linkages, stereoselective construction of α- and β-oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates is by no means trivial. In an era where expanded awareness of the impact we are having on the environment drives the state-of-the-art, synthetic chemists are tasked with developing cleaner and more efficient reactions for achieving their transformations. This movement imparts the value that prevention of waste is always superior to its treatment or cleanup. This review will highlight recent advancement in this regard by examining strategies that employ transition metal catalysis in the synthesis of oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates. These methods are mild and effective for constructing glycosidic bonds with reduced levels of waste through utilization of sub-stoichiometric amounts of transition metals to promote the glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. McKay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Hien M. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
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75
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Chen J, Wang A, Huo H, Huang P. Progress on the total synthesis of natural products in China: From 2006 to 2010. Sci China Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-012-4534-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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76
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Bedini E, Cirillo L, Parrilli M. Synthesis of the trisaccharide outer core fragment of Burkholderia cepacia pv. vietnamiensis lipooligosaccharide. Carbohydr Res 2012; 349:24-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2011.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Revised: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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77
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Active-pocket size differentiating insectile from bacterial chitinolytic β-N-acetyl-D-hexosaminidases. Biochem J 2011; 438:467-74. [PMID: 21692744 DOI: 10.1042/bj20110390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chitinolytic β-N-acetyl-D-hexosaminidase is a branch of the GH20 (glycoside hydrolase family 20) β-N-acetyl-D-hexosaminidases that is only distributed in insects and micro-organisms, and is therefore a potential target for the action of insecticides. PUGNAc [O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucopyransylidene)-amino-N-phenylcarbamate] was initially identified as an inhibitor against GH20 β-N-acetyl-D-hexosaminidases. So far no crystal structure of PUGNAc in complex with any GH20 β-N-acetyl-D-hexosaminidase has been reported. We show in the present study that the sensitivities of chitinolytic β-N-acetyl-D-hexosaminidases towards PUGNAc can vary by 100-fold, with the order being OfHex1 (Ostrinia furnacalis β-N-acetyl-D-hexosaminidase)<SmCHB (Serratia marcescens chitobiase)<SpHex (Streptomyces plicatus β-N-acetyl-D-hexosaminidase). To explain this difference, the crystal structures of wild-type OfHex1 as well as mutant OfHex1(V327G) in complex with PUGNAc were determined at 2.0 Å (1 Å=0.1 nm) and 2.3 Å resolutions and aligned with the complex structures of SpHex and SmCHB. The results showed that the sensitivities of these enzymes to PUGNAc were determined by the active pocket size, with OfHex1 having the largest but narrowest entrance, whereas SpHex has the smallest entrance, suitable for holding the inhibitor, and SmCHB has the widest entrance. By widening the size of the active pocket entrance of OfHex1 through replacing the active site Val327 with a glycine residue, the sensitivity of OfHex1 to PUGNAc became similar to that of SmCHB. The structural differences among chitinolytic β-N-acetyl-D-hexosaminidases leading to different sensitivities to PUGNAc may be useful for developing species-specific pesticides and bactericides.
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79
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Sharma SV, Jothivasan VK, Newton GL, Upton H, Wakabayashi JI, Kane MG, Roberts AA, Rawat M, La Clair JJ, Hamilton CJ. Chemical and Chemoenzymatic Syntheses of Bacillithiol: A Unique Low-Molecular-Weight Thiol amongst Low G + C Gram-Positive Bacteria. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201100196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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80
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Zhu Y, Yu B. Characterization of the Isochromen-4-yl-gold(I) Intermediate in the Gold(I)-Catalyzed Glycosidation of Glycosyl ortho-Alkynylbenzoates and Enhancement of the Catalytic Efficiency Thereof. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:8329-32. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201103409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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81
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Zhu Y, Yu B. Characterization of the Isochromen-4-yl-gold(I) Intermediate in the Gold(I)-Catalyzed Glycosidation of Glycosyl ortho-Alkynylbenzoates and Enhancement of the Catalytic Efficiency Thereof. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201103409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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82
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Sharma SV, Jothivasan VK, Newton GL, Upton H, Wakabayashi JI, Kane MG, Roberts AA, Rawat M, La Clair JJ, Hamilton CJ. Chemical and Chemoenzymatic syntheses of bacillithiol: a unique low-molecular-weight thiol amongst low G + C Gram-positive bacteria. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:7101-4. [PMID: 21751306 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201100196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Revised: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sunil V Sharma
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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83
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Synthesis of ginsenoside Rh2 and chikusetsusaponin-LT8 via gold(I)-catalyzed glycosylation with a glycosyl ortho-alkynylbenzoate as donor. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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84
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Ma Y, Lian G, Li Y, Yu B. Identification of 3,6-di-O-acetyl-1,2,4-O-orthoacetyl-α-D-glucopyranose as a direct evidence for the 4-O-acyl group participation in glycosylation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:7515-7. [PMID: 21625694 DOI: 10.1039/c1cc11680k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The formation of 3,6-di-O-acetyl-1,2,4-O-orthoacetyl-α-D-glucopyranose was observed in the gold(I)-catalyzed glycosidation of peracetyl glucopyranosyl ortho-hexynylbenzoate; experiments with substrates bearing deuterium labeled 2-O-acetyl or 4-O-acetyl groups indicated that the orthoacetate was derived from the 4-O-acetyl group, which provided a direct evidence for the remote participation of the 4-O-acyl group in glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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85
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Yu H, Cao H, Tiwari VK, Li Y, Chen X. Chemoenzymatic synthesis of C8-modified sialic acids and related α2-3- and α2-6-linked sialosides. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:5037-40. [PMID: 21592790 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.04.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Revised: 04/17/2011] [Accepted: 04/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Naturally occurring 8-O-methylated sialic acids, including 8-O-methyl-N-acetylneuraminic acid and 8-O-methyl-N-glycolylneuraminic acid, along with 8-O-methyl-2-keto-3-deoxy-d-glycero-d-galacto-nonulosonic acid (Kdn8Me) and 8-deoxy-Kdn were synthesized from corresponding 5-O-modified six-carbon monosaccharides and pyruvate using a sialic acid aldolase cloned from Pasteurella multocida strain P-1059 (PmNanA). In addition, α2-3- and α2-6-linked sialyltrisaccharides containing Neu5Ac8Me and Kdn8Deoxy were also synthesized using a one-pot multienzyme approach. The strategy reported here provides an efficient approach to produce glycans containing various C8-modified sialic acids for biological evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States
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86
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Zhang Q, Sun J, Zhu Y, Zhang F, Yu B. An Efficient Approach to the Synthesis of Nucleosides: Gold(I)-Catalyzed N-Glycosylation of Pyrimidines and Purines with Glycosyl ortho-Alkynyl Benzoates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201100514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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87
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Zhang Q, Sun J, Zhu Y, Zhang F, Yu B. An Efficient Approach to the Synthesis of Nucleosides: Gold(I)-Catalyzed N-Glycosylation of Pyrimidines and Purines with Glycosyl ortho-Alkynyl Benzoates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:4933-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201100514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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88
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Nokami T, Nozaki Y, Saigusa Y, Shibuya A, Manabe S, Ito Y, Yoshida JI. Glycosyl Sulfonium Ions as Storable Intermediates for Glycosylations. Org Lett 2011; 13:1544-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol200242u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Nokami
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry, Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan, and ERATO JST, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yuki Nozaki
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry, Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan, and ERATO JST, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Saigusa
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry, Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan, and ERATO JST, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Akito Shibuya
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry, Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan, and ERATO JST, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Shino Manabe
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry, Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan, and ERATO JST, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yukishige Ito
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry, Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan, and ERATO JST, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Yoshida
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry, Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan, and ERATO JST, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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89
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Usuki H, Yamamoto Y, Kumagai Y, Nitoda T, Kanzaki H, Hatanaka T. MS/MS fragmentation-guided search of TMG-chitooligomycins and their structure–activity relationship in specific β-N-acetylglucosaminidase inhibition. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:2943-51. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ob01090a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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90
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Yang Y, Liu T, Yang Y, Wu Q, Yang Q, Yu B. Synthesis, Evaluation, and Mechanism of N,N,N-Trimethyl-D-glucosamine-(1→4)-chitooligosaccharides as Selective Inhibitors of Glycosyl Hydrolase Family 20 β-N-Acetyl-D-hexosaminidases. Chembiochem 2010; 12:457-67. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201000561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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91
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Liu T, Zhang H, Liu F, Wu Q, Shen X, Yang Q. Structural determinants of an insect beta-N-Acetyl-D-hexosaminidase specialized as a chitinolytic enzyme. J Biol Chem 2010; 286:4049-58. [PMID: 21106526 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.184796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
β-N-acetyl-D-hexosaminidase has been postulated to have a specialized function. However, the structural basis of this specialization is not yet established. OfHex1, the enzyme from the Asian corn borer Ostrinia furnacalis (one of the most destructive pests) has previously been reported to function merely in chitin degradation. Here the vital role of OfHex1 during the pupation of O. furnacalis was revealed by RNA interference, and the crystal structures of OfHex1 and OfHex1 complexed with TMG-chitotriomycin were determined at 2.1 Å. The mechanism of selective inhibition by TMG-chitotriomycin was related to the existence of the +1 subsite at the active pocket of OfHex1 and a key residue, Trp(490), at this site. Mutation of Trp(490) to Ala led to a 2,277-fold decrease in sensitivity toward TMG-chitotriomycin as well as an 18-fold decrease in binding affinity for the substrate (GlcNAc)(2). Although the overall topology of the catalytic domain of OfHex1 shows a high similarity with the human and bacterial enzymes, OfHex1 is distinguished from these enzymes by large conformational changes linked to an "open-close" mechanism at the entrance of the active site, which is characterized by the "lid" residue, Trp(448). Mutation of Trp(448) to Ala or Phe resulted in a more than 1,000-fold loss in enzyme activity, due mainly to the effect on k(cat). The current work has increased our understanding of the structure-function relationship of OfHex1, shedding light on the structural basis that accounts for the specialized function of β-N-acetyl-D-hexosaminidase as well as making the development of species-specific pesticides a likely reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Liu
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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92
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Yang W, Sun J, Lu W, Li Y, Shan L, Han W, Zhang WD, Yu B. Synthesis of Kaempferol 3-O-(3′′,6′′-Di-O-E-p-coumaroyl)-β-d-glucopyranoside, Efficient Glycosylation of Flavonol 3-OH with Glycosyl o-Alkynylbenzoates as Donors. J Org Chem 2010; 75:6879-88. [DOI: 10.1021/jo1014189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weizhun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jiansong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenxiang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lei Shan
- Department of Phytochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wei Han
- School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wei-Dong Zhang
- Department of Phytochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Biao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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93
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Ajayi K, Thakur VV, Lapo RC, Knapp S. Intramolecular alpha-glucosaminidation: synthesis of mycothiol. Org Lett 2010; 12:2630-3. [PMID: 20443569 DOI: 10.1021/ol1008334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A protected cyclitol aglycon was tethered to an (N-arylsulfonyl)glucosamine donor by a methylene linker; the exclusively alpha-selective intramolecular glycosylation reaction was then initiated by electrophilic activation of the thioglycoside donor portion. Further transformations of the glycosylation product to give the M. tuberculosis detoxifier mycothiol and its oxidized congener, the disulfide mycothione, are detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehinde Ajayi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
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94
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Yang Y, Li Y, Yu B. Chemoselective glycosylation of carboxylic acid with glycosyl ortho-hexynylbenzoates as donors. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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95
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Li Y, Yang X, Liu Y, Zhu C, Yang Y, Yu B. Gold(I)-Catalyzed Glycosylation with Glycosylortho-Alkynylbenzoates as Donors: General Scope and Application in the Synthesis of a Cyclic Triterpene Saponin. Chemistry 2010; 16:1871-82. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200902548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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96
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Cirillo L, Bedini E, Molinaro A, Parrilli M. Synthesis of a β-GlcN-(1→4)-MurNAc building block en route to N-deacetylated peptidoglycan fragments. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.12.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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97
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Yu B, Sun J. Glycosylation with glycosyl N-phenyltrifluoroacetimidates (PTFAI) and a perspective of the future development of new glycosylation methods. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:4668-79. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc00563k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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98
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Muthana S, Cao H, Chen X. Recent progress in chemical and chemoenzymatic synthesis of carbohydrates. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2009; 13:573-81. [PMID: 19833544 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2009.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2009] [Revised: 08/28/2009] [Accepted: 09/05/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The important roles that carbohydrates play in biological processes and their potential application in diagnosis, therapeutics, and vaccine development have made them attractive synthetic targets. Despite ongoing challenges, tremendous progresses have been made in recent years for the synthesis of carbohydrates. The chemical glycosylation methods have become more sophisticated and the synthesis of oligosaccharides has become more predictable. Simplified one-pot glycosylation strategy and automated synthesis are increasingly used to obtain biologically important glycans. On the other hand, chemoenzymatic synthesis continues to be a powerful alternative for obtaining complex carbohydrates. This review highlights recent progress in chemical and chemoenzymatic synthesis of carbohydrates with a particular focus on the methods developed for the synthesis of oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, glycolipids, and glycosylated natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saddam Muthana
- Department of Chemistry, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
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99
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Usuki H, Toyo-oka M, Kanzaki H, Okuda T, Nitoda T. Pochonicine, a polyhydroxylated pyrrolizidine alkaloid from fungus Pochonia suchlasporia var. suchlasporia TAMA 87 as a potent beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase inhibitor. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:7248-53. [PMID: 19775896 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2009] [Revised: 08/26/2009] [Accepted: 08/26/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A new polyhydroxylated pyrrolizidine alkaloid designated as pochonicine (1) was isolated from a solid fermentation culture of the fungal strain Pochonia suchlasporia var. suchlasporia TAMA 87. The structure of 1 was determined using NMR and MS techniques as (1R*, 3S*, 5S*, 6S*, 7R*, 7a S*)-5-acetamidomethyl-3-hydroxymethyl-1,6,7-trihydroxypyrrolizidine. Pochonicine (1) showed potent inhibition against beta-N-acetylglucosaminidases (GlcNAcases) of various organisms including insects, fungi, mammals, and a plant but no inhibition against beta-glucosidase of almond, alpha-glucosidase of yeast, or chitinase of Bacillus sp. The GlcNAcase inhibitory activity of pochonicine (1) was comparable to nagstatin, a potent GlcNAcase inhibitor of natural origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Usuki
- Laboratory of Bioresources Chemistry, The Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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