51
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Kawazoe R, Matsuo Y, Saito Y, Tanaka T. Stereochemistry of a Cyclic Epicatechin Trimer with
C
3
Symmetry Produced by Oxidative Coupling. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rina Kawazoe
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Nagasaki University 1-14 Bunkyo-machi 852-8521 Nagasaki Japan
| | - Yosuke Matsuo
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Nagasaki University 1-14 Bunkyo-machi 852-8521 Nagasaki Japan
| | - Yoshinori Saito
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Nagasaki University 1-14 Bunkyo-machi 852-8521 Nagasaki Japan
| | - Takashi Tanaka
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Nagasaki University 1-14 Bunkyo-machi 852-8521 Nagasaki Japan
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52
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Unikela KS, Ghasemabadi PG, Houska V, Dawe LN, Zhao Y, Bodwell GJ. Gram-Scale Synthesis of the 1,1,n,n-Tetramethyl[n](2,11)teropyrenophanes. Chemistry 2021; 27:390-400. [PMID: 32960997 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A gram-scale synthesis of a series of 1,1,n,n-tetramethyl[n](2,11)teropyrenophanes (n=7-9) has been accomplished as well as the first synthesis of the next higher homologue 1,1,10,10-tetramethyl[10](2,11)teropyrenophane. The scale-up of the original small-scale synthesis required the development of several heavily modified synthetic methods, including a chlorination/Friedel-Crafts alkylation protocol and an iodination/Wurtz coupling protocol, which were performed on 25-30 g and 30-60 g scales, respectively. Two separate sets of conditions for the key teropyrene-forming cyclodehydrogenation reaction at the end of the synthetic pathway were developed, an acid-promoted one for the two less strained congeners and an acid-free method for the two more strained homologues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Sagar Unikela
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 283 Prince Philip Drive, St. John's, NL, A1B 3X7, Canada
| | - Parisa Ghods Ghasemabadi
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 283 Prince Philip Drive, St. John's, NL, A1B 3X7, Canada
| | - Václav Houska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Louise N Dawe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Wilfrid Laurier University, 75 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3C5, Canada
| | - Yuming Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 283 Prince Philip Drive, St. John's, NL, A1B 3X7, Canada
| | - Graham J Bodwell
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 283 Prince Philip Drive, St. John's, NL, A1B 3X7, Canada
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53
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Abstract
Molecular compounds with zigzag carbon nanotube geometries are exceedingly rare. Here we report the synthesis and characterization of carbon-based nanotubes with zigzag geometry, best described as radially oriented [n]cyclo-meta-phenylenes, extending the tubularene family of compounds. By the incorporation of edge-sharing benzene rings into the tubularene's radial π-surface, we have uncovered the first step to give rise to the emergence of radial orbital distribution in zigzag nanorings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edison Castro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Saber Mirzaei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Raúl Hernández Sánchez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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54
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Cheung KY, Segawa Y, Itami K. Synthetic Strategies of Carbon Nanobelts and Related Belt-Shaped Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Chemistry 2020; 26:14791-14801. [PMID: 32572996 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The development of carbon nanobelts and related belt-shaped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons has gained momentum in recent years. This Minireview focuses on the synthetic strategies used in constructing these aesthetically appealing molecular nanocarbons. Examples of carbon nanobelts and related belt-shaped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons reported in recent years as well as some representative synthetic attempts in earlier times are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwan Yin Cheung
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yasutomo Segawa
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.,JST-ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.,Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan.,Department of Structural Molecular Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.,Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.,JST-ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.,Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan (ROC
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55
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Aida Y, Nogami J, Sugiyama H, Uekusa H, Tanaka K. Enantioselective Synthesis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH)-Based Planar Chiral Bent Cyclophanes by Rhodium-Catalyzed [2+2+2] Cycloaddition. Chemistry 2020; 26:12579-12588. [PMID: 32350943 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The enantioselective synthesis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-based planar chiral cyclophanes was achieved for the first time by the rhodium-catalyzed intramolecular regio- and enantioselective [2+2+2] cycloaddition of tethered diyne-benzofulvenes followed by stepwise oxidative transformations. The thus synthesized planar chiral bent cyclophanes, that possess bent p-terphenyl- and 9-fluorenone-cores, were converted to 9-fluorenol-based ones with excellent ee values of >99 % by diastereoselective 1,2-reduction. These 9-fluorenol-based cyclophanes exhibited high fluorescence quantum yields, which were significantly higher than that of an acyclic reference molecule (78-82 % vs. 48 %). The bending effect on the chiroptical property was also examined, which revealed that the anisotropy factors (gabs values) for electronic circular dichroism (ECD) of these 9-fluorenol-based planar chiral bent cyclophanes increase as the tether length becomes shorter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukimasa Aida
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Juntaro Nogami
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Haruki Sugiyama
- Research and Education Center for Natural Sciences, Keio University, Hiyoshi 4-1-1, Kohoku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Uekusa
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Ken Tanaka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
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56
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Chen H, Miao Q. Recent advances and attempts in synthesis of conjugated nanobelts. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.4145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Han Chen
- Department of Chemistry The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin New Territories, Hong Kong China
| | - Qian Miao
- Department of Chemistry The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin New Territories, Hong Kong China
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57
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Pérez‐Jiménez ÁJ, Sancho‐García JC. Theoretical Insights for Materials Properties of Cyclic Organic Nanorings. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.202000110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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58
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Frydrych R, Lis T, Bury W, Cybińska J, Stępień M. Feeding a Molecular Squid: A Pliable Nanocarbon Receptor for Electron-Poor Aromatics. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:15604-15613. [PMID: 32815367 PMCID: PMC7498155 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c07956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A hybrid nanocarbon receptor consisting of a calix[4]arene and a bent oligophenylene loop ("molecular squid"), was obtained in an efficient, scalable synthesis. The system contains an electron-rich cavity with an adaptable shape, which can serve as a host for electron deficient guests, such as diquat, 10-methylacridinium, and anthraquinone. The new receptor forms inclusion complexes in the solid state and in solution, showing a dependence of the observed binding strength on the shape of the guest species and its charge. The interaction with the methylacridinium cation in solution was interpreted in terms of a 2:1 binding model, with K11 = 5.92(7) × 103 M-1. The solid receptor is porous to gases and vapors, yielding an uptake of ca. 4 mmol/g for methanol at 293 K. In solution, the receptor shows cyan fluorescence (λmaxem = 485 nm, ΦF = 33%), which is partly quenched upon binding of guests. Methylacridinium and anthraquinone adducts show red-shifted emission in the solid state, attributable to the charge-transfer character of these inclusion complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Frydrych
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Lis
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Wojciech Bury
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Joanna Cybińska
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.,PORT-Polski Ośrodek Rozwoju Technologii, ul. Stabłowicka 147, 54-066 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marcin Stępień
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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59
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Luo Z, Yang X, Cai K, Fu X, Zhang D, Ma Y, Zhao D. Toward Möbius and Tubular Cyclopolyarene Nanorings via Arylbutadiyne Macrocycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202003538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhouyang Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Kang Cai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Xiangyu Fu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Di Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Yuguo Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Dahui Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Peking University Beijing 100871 China
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60
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Zhu K, Kamochi K, Kodama T, Tobisu M, Amaya T. Chiral cyclic [ n]spirobifluorenylenes: carbon nanorings consisting of helically arranged quaterphenyl rods illustrating partial units of woven patterns. Chem Sci 2020; 11:9604-9610. [PMID: 34094226 PMCID: PMC8161682 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02452j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chiral cyclic [n]spirobifluorenylenes consisting of helically arranged quaterphenyl rods, illustrating partial units of woven patterns, were designed and synthesized as a new family of carbon nanorings. The synthesis was accomplished by the Ni(0)-mediated Yamamoto-coupling of chiral spirobifluorene building blocks. The structures of the cyclic 3-, 4-, and 5-mers were determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis. These carbon nanorings exhibited a strong violet colored emission with high quantum yields in solution (95%, 93%, and 94% for 3-, 4-, and 5-mer, respectively). Other spectroscopic properties, including their chiroptical properties, were also investigated. The g-values for circularly polarized luminescence were found to be in the order of 10−3. Characteristic spiroconjugation induced by multiple (≧3) bifluorenyl units, for example the even-odd effect of the number of units in the matching of the signs of the orbitals, was also indicated by DFT calculations. Chiral cyclic [n]spirobifluorenylenes consisting of helically arranged quaterphenyl rods, illustrating partial units of woven patterns, were designed and synthesized as a new family of carbon nanorings.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaige Zhu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Kosuke Kamochi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Takuya Kodama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Mamoru Tobisu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Toru Amaya
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
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61
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Xie J, Li X, Wang S, Li A, Jiang L, Zhu K. Heteroatom-bridged molecular belts as containers. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3348. [PMID: 32620853 PMCID: PMC7335211 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17134-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Hoop-shaped or belt-like molecules have been fascinating not only due to their challenging synthesis, but also unique physical and chemical properties. The incorporation of heteroatoms (N, O, S, etc.) into these belts could alter both molecular structures and electronic properties which will lead to versatile applications, from advanced host-guest systems to functional materials. Despite numerous computational studies, the synthesis and characterization of heteroatom-bridged double-stranded molecular belts remains scarce. Here we report the synthesis, crystal structure, and host-guest chemistry of two novel heteroatom-bridged belt-like macrocycles composed of phenoxathiin. The bowl-shaped belt demonstrates a strong binding affinity (Ka = 3.6 × 109 M‒2) towards fullerene C60 and forms a 2:1 capsule-like complex with the aid of C‒H···S hydrogen bonds. The column-like belt can bind the cyclic guest [2,2]paracyclophane to form a ring-in-ring complex. The modular synthesis, structural specificity, and diverse host-guest chemistry of cyclophenoxathiins markedly expands the known chemistry of molecular belts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Xie
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Xia Li
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Shenghua Wang
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Anquan Li
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Long Jiang
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Kelong Zhu
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
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62
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Li Y, Segawa Y, Yagi A, Itami K. A Nonalternant Aromatic Belt: Methylene-Bridged [6]Cycloparaphenylene Synthesized from Pillar[6]arene. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:12850-12856. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c06007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanming Li
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yasutomo Segawa
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- JST-ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
- Department of Structural Molecular Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Akiko Yagi
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- JST-ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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63
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Luo Z, Yang X, Cai K, Fu X, Zhang D, Ma Y, Zhao D. Toward Möbius and Tubular Cyclopolyarene Nanorings via Arylbutadiyne Macrocycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:14854-14860. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202003538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhouyang Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Kang Cai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Xiangyu Fu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Di Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Yuguo Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Dahui Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Peking University Beijing 100871 China
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64
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Nogami J, Tanaka Y, Sugiyama H, Uekusa H, Muranaka A, Uchiyama M, Tanaka K. Enantioselective Synthesis of Planar Chiral Zigzag-Type Cyclophenylene Belts by Rhodium-Catalyzed Alkyne Cyclotrimerization. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:9834-9842. [PMID: 32362122 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c03684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Planar chiral zigzag-type [8]- and [12]cyclophenylene (CP) belts have been synthesized in good yields with high ee values of 98% and 83%, respectively, by the rhodium-catalyzed enantioselective intramolecular sequential cyclotrimerizations of the corresponding cyclic polyynes. The observed high enantioselectivity arises from the regioselective formation of a rhodacycle intermediate from an unsymmetric triyne unit. The X-ray crystal structural analysis of the racemic planar chiral zigzag-type [8]CP belt revealed that the uneven molecules mesh with each other to form a one-dimensional columnar packing structure, in which one column contains single enantiomers, giving two types of chiral columns [(S)- and (R)-form columns] arranged alternately. The ring strain of the zigzag-type [8]CP belt was smaller than that of the armchair-type [8]CPP belt despite its smaller ring size, due to the presence of the strain-relieving m-terphenyl moieties. The effect of the number of the benzene rings of the zigzag-type CP belts on absorption and emission peaks was small due to interruption of π-conjugation at the m-phenylene moieties. However, the bending effect on the absolute fluorescence quantum yield as well as absorption and emission peaks was significant. Concerning chiroptical properties, the modest anisotropy dissymmetry factors of ECD and CPL were observed in the [8]CP belt.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yusuke Tanaka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Haruki Sugiyama
- Research and Education Center for Natural Sciences, Keio University, Hiyoshi 4-1-1, Kohoku, Yokohama 223-8521, Japan
| | | | - Atsuya Muranaka
- Advanced Elements Chemistry Laboratory, Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR), RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Masanobu Uchiyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Advanced Elements Chemistry Laboratory, Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR), RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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65
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Jiang X, Laffoon JD, Chen D, Pérez-Estrada S, Danis AS, Rodríguez-López J, Garcia-Garibay MA, Zhu J, Moore JS. Kinetic Control in the Synthesis of a Möbius Tris((ethynyl)[5]helicene) Macrocycle Using Alkyne Metathesis. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:6493-6498. [PMID: 32208689 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of conjugated Möbius molecules remains elusive since twisted and macrocyclic structures are low-entropy species sporting their own synthetic challenges. Here we report the synthesis of a Möbius macrocycle in 84% yield via alkyne metathesis of 2,13-bis(propynyl)[5]helicene. MALDI-MS, NMR spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction indicated a trimeric product of twofold symmetry with PPM/MMP configurations in the helicene subunits. Alternatively, a threefold-symmetric PPP/MMM structure was determined by DFT calculations to be more thermodynamically stable, illustrating remarkable kinetic selectivity for this alkyne metathesis cyclooligomerization. Computational studies provided insight into the kinetic selectivity, demonstrating a difference of 15.4 kcal/mol between the activation barriers for the PPM/MMP and PPP/MMM diastereodetermining steps. Computational (ACID and EDDB) and experimental (UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry) studies revealed weak conjugation between the alkyne and adjacent helicene groups as well as the lack of significant global aromaticity. Separation of the PPM and MMP enantiomers was achieved via chiral HPLC at the analytical scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Jiang
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Joshua D Laffoon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Dandan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Salvador Pérez-Estrada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Andrew S Danis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.,Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Joaquín Rodríguez-López
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.,Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Miguel A Garcia-Garibay
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jeffrey S Moore
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.,Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
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66
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Colwell CE, Price TW, Stauch T, Jasti R. Strain visualization for strained macrocycles. Chem Sci 2020; 11:3923-3930. [PMID: 34122862 PMCID: PMC8152662 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc00629g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Strain has a unique and sometimes unpredictable impact on the properties and reactivity of molecules. To thoroughly describe strain in molecules, a computational tool that relates strain energy to reactivity by localizing and quantifying strain was developed. Strain energy is calculated local to every coordinate in the molecule and areas of higher strain are shown experimentally to be more reactive. Not only does this tool directly compare strain energy in parts of the same molecule, but it also computes total strain to give a full picture of molecular strain energy. It is freely available to the public on GitHub under the name StrainViz and much of the workflow is automated to simplify use for non-experts. Unique insight into the reactivity of curved aromatic molecules and strained alkyne bioorthogonal reagents is described within.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis E Colwell
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon Eugene Oregon 97403 USA
| | - Tavis W Price
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon Eugene Oregon 97403 USA
| | - Tim Stauch
- University of Bremen, Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Leobener Str. NW2 D-28359 Bremen Germany
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes, University of Bremen Bibliothekstraße 1 D-28359 Bremen Germany
| | - Ramesh Jasti
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon Eugene Oregon 97403 USA
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67
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Zhang Q, Zhang YE, Tong S, Wang MX. Hydrocarbon Belts with Truncated Cone Structures. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:1196-1199. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b12181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yan-E Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Shuo Tong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Mei-Xiang Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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68
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Fu S, Liu B. Recent progress in the synthesis of limonoids and limonoid-like natural products. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00203h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Recent progress in syntheses of limonoids and limonoid-like natural products is reviewed. The current “state-of-art” advance on novel synthetic strategy are summarized and future outlook will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaomin Fu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry &Technology of the Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Bo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry &Technology of the Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
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69
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Bachrach SM, Rzepa HS. Cycloparaphenylene Möbius trefoils. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:13567-13570. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc04190d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
DFT computations (ωB97X-D/6-31G(d)) of eight different cycloparaphenylenes that have three internal linking groups are shown to have two different conformations that express interesting Möbius topologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Henry S. Rzepa
- Department of Chemistry
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub
- Imperial College London
- London W12 OBZ
- UK
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