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Kuciauskas D, Kiskis J, Caputo GA, Gulbinas V. Exciton Annihilation and Energy Transfer in Self-Assembled Peptide−Porphyrin Complexes Depends on Peptide Secondary Structure. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:16029-35. [DOI: 10.1021/jp108685n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Darius Kuciauskas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08108, United States and Institute of Physics, Centre for Physical and Technological Sciences, Savanoriu 238, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Juris Kiskis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08108, United States and Institute of Physics, Centre for Physical and Technological Sciences, Savanoriu 238, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Gregory A. Caputo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08108, United States and Institute of Physics, Centre for Physical and Technological Sciences, Savanoriu 238, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vidmantas Gulbinas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08108, United States and Institute of Physics, Centre for Physical and Technological Sciences, Savanoriu 238, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Yu H, Fu M, Xiao Y. Switching off FRET by analyte-induced decomposition of squaraine energy acceptor: A concept to transform ‘turn off’ chemodosimeter into ratiometric sensors. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:7386-91. [DOI: 10.1039/c001504k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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McLaurin EJ, Greytak AB, Bawendi MG, Nocera DG. Two-photon absorbing nanocrystal sensors for ratiometric detection of oxygen. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:12994-3001. [PMID: 19697933 PMCID: PMC3340422 DOI: 10.1021/ja902712b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Two nanocrystal-osmium(II) polypyridyl (NC-Os(II)PP) conjugates have been designed to detect oxygen in biological environments. Polypyridines appended with a single free amine were linked with facility to a carboxylic acid functionality of a semiconductor NC overlayer to afford a biologically stable amide bond. The Os(II)PP complexes possess broad absorptions that extend into the red spectral region; this absorption feature makes them desirable acceptors of energy from NC donors. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) from the NC to the Os(II)PP causes an enhanced Os(II)PP emission with a concomitant quenching of the NC emission. Owing to the large two-photon absorption cross-section of the NCs, FRET from the NC to the Os(II)PP can be established under two-photon excitation conditions. In this way, two-photon processes of metal polypyridyl complexes can be exploited for sensing. The emission of the NC is insensitive to oxygen, even at 1 atm, whereas excited states of both osmium complexes are quenched in the presence of oxygen. The NC emission may thus be used as an internal reference to correct for fluctuations in the photoluminescence intensity signal. These properties taken together establish NC-Os(II)PP conjugates as competent ratiometric, two-photon oxygen sensors for application in biological microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J. McLaurin
- Department of Chemistry, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, USA
| | - Andrew B. Greytak
- Department of Chemistry, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, USA
| | - Moungi G. Bawendi
- Department of Chemistry, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, USA
| | - Daniel G. Nocera
- Department of Chemistry, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, USA
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Easun TL, Alsindi WZ, Deppermann N, Towrie M, Ronayne KL, Sun XZ, Ward MD, George MW. Luminescence and Time-Resolved Infrared Study of Dyads Containing (Diimine)Ru(4,4′-diethylamido-2,2′-bipyridine)2 and (Diimine)Ru(CN)4 Moieties: Solvent-Induced Reversal of the Direction of Photoinduced Energy-Transfer. Inorg Chem 2009; 48:8759-70. [DOI: 10.1021/ic900924w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy L. Easun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Wassim Z. Alsindi
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Nina Deppermann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Michael Towrie
- Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, U.K
| | - Kate L. Ronayne
- Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, U.K
| | - Xue-Zhong Sun
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Michael D. Ward
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Michael W. George
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
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Beaumont E, Lambry JC, Robin AC, Martasek P, Blanchard-Desce M, Slama-Schwok A. Two photon-induced electron injection from a nanotrigger in native endothelial NO-synthase. Chemphyschem 2008; 9:2325-31. [PMID: 18844320 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200800411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We have recently designed a nanotrigger (NT), a photoactive molecule addressing the NADPH sites of proteins. This nanotrigger has a 10(3) times larger two-photon cross-section compared to the ubiquitous NADPH cofactor. In this work, we tested whether two-photon excitation of the bound NT to NADPH sites may be used to initiate enzymatic catalysis by appropriate electron injection. To establish proof of principle, we monitored the ultrafast absorption of NT bound to the fully active endothelial NO-Synthase (eNOS) following excitation by one and two-photons at 405 and 810 nm, respectively. Electron injection from NT* to FAD in eNOS initiated the catalytic cycle in 15+/-3 ps at both exciting wavelengths. The data proved for the first time that electron transfer can be promoted by two-photon excitation. We also show that the nanotrigger decays faster in homogeneous solvents than in the NADPH site of proteins, suggesting that hindered environments modified the natural decay of NT. The nanotrigger provides a convenient way of synchronizing an ensemble of proteins in solution with a femtosecond laser pulse. The ability of NT to initiate NOS catalysis by two-photon excitation may be exploited for controlled and localized release of free NO in cells with enhanced spatial and temporal resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Beaumont
- Unité 696, INSERM, Laboratory for Optics & Biosciences, UMR CNRS 7645, Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France
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Finikova OS, Lebedev AY, Aprelev A, Troxler T, Gao F, Garnacho C, Muro S, Hochstrasser RM, Vinogradov SA. Oxygen microscopy by two-photon-excited phosphorescence. Chemphyschem 2008; 9:1673-9. [PMID: 18663708 PMCID: PMC2645351 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200800296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
High-resolution images of oxygen distributions in microheterogeneous samples are obtained by two-photon laser scanning microscopy (2P LSM), using a newly developed dendritic nanoprobe with internally enhanced two-photon absorption (2PA) cross-section. In this probe, energy is harvested by a 2PA antenna, which passes excitation onto a phosphorescent metalloporphyrin via intramolecular energy transfer. The 2P LSM allows sectioning of oxygen gradients with near diffraction-limited resolution, and lifetime-based acquisition eliminates dependence on the local probe concentration. The technique is validated on objects with a priori known oxygen distributions and applied to imaging of pO(2) in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga S. Finikova
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvannia, Philadelphia PA 19104-6059 (USA), Fax: (+1) 215-573-3787
| | - Artem Y. Lebedev
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvannia, Philadelphia PA 19104-6059 (USA), Fax: (+1) 215-573-3787
| | - Alexey Aprelev
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104 (USA)
| | - Thomas Troxler
- Department of Chemistry and RLBL, University of Pennsylvannia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 (USA)
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Chemistry and RLBL, University of Pennsylvannia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 (USA)
| | - Carmen Garnacho
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 (USA)
| | - Silvia Muro
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 (USA)
| | - Robin M. Hochstrasser
- Department of Chemistry and RLBL, University of Pennsylvannia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 (USA)
| | - Sergei A. Vinogradov
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvannia, Philadelphia PA 19104-6059 (USA), Fax: (+1) 215-573-3787
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Lebedev AY, Filatov MA, Cheprakov AV, Vinogradov SA. Effects of structural deformations on optical properties of tetrabenzoporphyrins: free-bases and Pd complexes. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:7723-33. [PMID: 18665576 PMCID: PMC2678055 DOI: 10.1021/jp8043626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A recently developed method of synthesis of pi-extended porphyrins made it possible to prepare a series of tetrabenzoporphyrins (TBP) with different numbers of meso-aryl substituents. The photophysical parameters of free-bases and Pd complexes of meso-unsubstituted TBP's, 5,15-diaryl-TBP's (Ar2TBP's) and 5,10,15,20-tetraaryl-TBP's (Ar4TBP's) were measured. For comparison, similarly meso-arylsubstituted porphyrins fused with nonaromatic cyclohexeno-rings, i.e. Ar(n)-tetracyclohexenoporphyrins (Ar(n)TCHP's, n = 0, 2, 4), were also synthesized and studied. Structural information was obtained by ab initio (DFT) calculations and X-ray crystallography. It was found that: 1) Free-base Ar4TBP's are strongly distorted out-of-plane (saddled), possess broadened, red-shifted spectra, short excited-state lifetimes and low fluorescence quantum yields (tau(fl) = 2-3 ns, phi(fl) = 0.02-0.03). These features are characteristic of other nonplanar free-base porphyrins, including Ar4TCHP's. 2) Ar2TBP free-bases possess completely planar geometries, although with significant in-plane deformations. These deformations have practically no effect on the singlet excited-state properties of Ar2TBP's as compared to planar meso-unsubstituted TBP's. Both types of porphyrins retain strong fluorescence (tau(fl) = 10-12 ns, phi(fl) = 0.3-0.4), and their radiative rate constants (k(r)) are 3-4 times higher than those of planar H2TCHP's. 3) Nonplanar deformations dramatically enhance nonradiative decay of triplet states of regular Pd porphyrins. For example, planar PdTCHP phosphoresces with high quantum yield (phi(phos) = 0.45, tau(phos) = 1118 micros), while saddled PdPh4TCHP is practically nonemissive. In contrast, both ruffled and saddled PdAr(n)TBP's retain strong phosphorescence at ambient temperatures (PdPh2TBP: tau(phos) = 496 micros, phi(phos) = 0.15; PdPh4TBP: tau(phos) = 258 micros, phi(phos) = 0.08). It appears that pi-extension is capable of counterbalancing deleterious effects of nonplanar deformations on triplet emissivity of Pd porphyrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem Y. Lebedev
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, UniVersity of PennsylVania, Philadelphia, PennsylVania 19104
| | | | | | - Sergei A. Vinogradov
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, UniVersity of PennsylVania, Philadelphia, PennsylVania 19104
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Ferreira JAB. Structural effects of biologically relevant rhodamines on spectroscopy of fluorescence fluctuations. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2008; 1130:85-90. [PMID: 18596336 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1430.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Exciton coupling in pi-pi complexes between the indole ring and other pi systems is known to enhance the efficiency of energy and electron transfer. Rhodamines' xanthylium rings allow the formation of weakly or nonfluorescent complexes with the amino acid tryptophan. Thus, because of the short distance of the participating electronic clouds, intrinsic electron transfer-induced fluorescence quenching occurs. In solution, the rate constant of electron transfer is known to be limited by collision interactions at the contact distance. By contrast, in protein local environments tryptophan residues can be either exposed or buried in hydrophobic regions. Herein, I report on the properties of aromatic derivatized rhodamines, among which is one with a bound phenylalanine amino acid group. Encompassed is the spectroscopic and kinetic information in bulk and at the single-molecule levels both in free solution and in the presence of human serum albumin. Spectroscopic characteristics are focused with special emphasis on enhanced fluorescence that is addressed considering optimized geometries and electronic spectra. The importance of the probes associated with peptides and metal ions both in condensed phase or interfaces and as substrates with proteins is put into perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A B Ferreira
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Complexo Interdisciplinar, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal.
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Finikova OS, Chen P, Ou Z, Kadish KM, Vinogradov SA. Dynamic Quenching of Porphyrin Triplet States by Two-Photon Absorbing Dyes: Towards Two-Photon-Enhanced Oxygen Nanosensors. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2008; 198:75-84. [PMID: 19030124 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2008.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Two-photon-enhanced dendritic nanoprobes are being developed for two-photon (2P) laser scanning microscopy of oxygen [1]. In these molecular constructs, phosphorescence of metalloporphyrins is coupled to two-photon absorption (2PA) of electronically separate antenna dyes via intramolecular Förster-type resonance energy transfer (FRET). In the originally developed probes, competing electron transfer (ET) between the antennae and the long-lived triplet states of metalloporphyrins partially quenched the phosphorescence, reducing the probe's sensitivity and dynamic range. The rate of such ET can be reduced by tuning the redox potentials of the chromophores. In order to identify the optimal metalloporphyrin-2P antenna pairs, we performed screening of several phosphorescent Pt porphyrins (FRET acceptors) and 2P dyes (FRET donors) using dynamic quenching of phosphorescence. Phosphorescence lifetimes of Pt porphyrins were measured as a function of the dye concentration in organic solutions. The obtained Stern-Volmer quenching constants were correlated with the corresponding ET driving forces (DeltaG(ET)), calculated using the Rehm-Weller equation. FRET-pairs with minimal quenching rates were identified. The developed approach allows convenient screening of candidate-compounds for covalent assembly of 2P-enhanced triplet nanodevices. Systematic electrochemical measurements in a series of Pt porphyrins with varying peripheral substitution and conjugation pathways are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga S Finikova
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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Filatov MA, Lebedev AY, Vinogradov SA, Cheprakov AV. Synthesis of 5,15-diaryltetrabenzoporphyrins. J Org Chem 2008; 73:4175-85. [PMID: 18452337 PMCID: PMC2491715 DOI: 10.1021/jo800509k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A general method of synthesis of 5,15-diaryltetrabenzoporphyrins (Ar 2TBPs) has been developed, based on 2 + 2 condensation of dipyrromethanes followed by oxidative aromatization. Two pathways to Ar 2TBPs were investigated: the tetrahydroisoindole pathway and the dihydroisoindole pathway. In the tetrahydroisoindole pathway, precursor 5,15-diaryltetracyclohexenoporphyrins (5,15-Ar 2TCHPs) were assembled from cyclohexeno-fused meso-unsubstituted dipyrromethanes and aromatic aldehydes or, alternatively, by way of the classical MacDonald synthesis. In the first case, scrambling was observed. Aromatization by tetracyclone was more effective than aromatization by DDQ but failed in the cases of porphyrins with electron-withdrawing substituents in the meso-aryl rings. The dihydroisoindole pathway was found to be much superior to the tetrahydroisoindole pathway, and it was developed into a general preparative method, consisting of (1) the synthesis of 4,7-dihydroisoindole and its transformation into meso-unsubstituted dipyrromethanes, (2) the synthesis of 5,15-diaryloctahydrotetrabenzoporphyrins (5,15-Ar 2OHTBPs), and (3) their subsequent aromatization by DDQ. Ar 2TBP free bases exhibit optical absorption spectra similar to those of meso-unsubstituted tetrabenzoporphyrins and fluoresce with high quantum yields. Pd complex of Ph 2TBP was found to be highly phosphorescent at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail A Filatov
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Moscow 119899, Russia
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Easun TL, Alsindi WZ, Towrie M, Ronayne KL, Sun XZ, Ward MD, George MW. Photoinduced Energy Transfer in a Conformationally Flexible Re(I)/Ru(II) Dyad Probed by Time-Resolved Infrared Spectroscopy: Effects of Conformation and Spatial Localization of Excited States. Inorg Chem 2008; 47:5071-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ic702005w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy L. Easun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K., School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K., and Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, U.K
| | - Wassim Z. Alsindi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K., School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K., and Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, U.K
| | - Michael Towrie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K., School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K., and Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, U.K
| | - Kate L. Ronayne
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K., School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K., and Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, U.K
| | - Xue-Zhong Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K., School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K., and Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, U.K
| | - Michael D. Ward
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K., School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K., and Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, U.K
| | - Michael W. George
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K., School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K., and Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, U.K
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