51
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Ertem SP, Tsai TH, Donahue MM, Zhang W, Sarode H, Liu Y, Seifert S, Herring AM, Coughlin EB. Photo-Cross-Linked Anion Exchange Membranes with Improved Water Management and Conductivity. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Piril Ertem
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Tsung-Han Tsai
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Melissa M. Donahue
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Wenxu Zhang
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Himanshu Sarode
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Ye Liu
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Soenke Seifert
- X-ray
Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Andrew M. Herring
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - E. Bryan Coughlin
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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52
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Aissou K, Mumtaz M, Usluer Ö, Pécastaings G, Portale G, Fleury G, Cloutet E, Hadziioannou G. Anisotropic Lithium Ion Conductivity in Single-Ion Diblock Copolymer Electrolyte Thin Films. Macromol Rapid Commun 2015; 37:221-6. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201500562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karim Aissou
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques; Université de Bordeaux - CNRS UMR 5629 - ENSCPB; B8 Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire F-33615 Pessac Cedex France
| | - Muhammad Mumtaz
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques; Université de Bordeaux - CNRS UMR 5629 - ENSCPB; B8 Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire F-33615 Pessac Cedex France
| | - Özlem Usluer
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques; Université de Bordeaux - CNRS UMR 5629 - ENSCPB; B8 Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire F-33615 Pessac Cedex France
| | - Gilles Pécastaings
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques; Université de Bordeaux - CNRS UMR 5629 - ENSCPB; B8 Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire F-33615 Pessac Cedex France
| | - Giuseppe Portale
- Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO); DUBBLE-CRG at the ESRF; F-38000 Grenoble France
| | - Guillaume Fleury
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques; Université de Bordeaux - CNRS UMR 5629 - ENSCPB; B8 Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire F-33615 Pessac Cedex France
| | - Eric Cloutet
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques; Université de Bordeaux - CNRS UMR 5629 - ENSCPB; B8 Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire F-33615 Pessac Cedex France
| | - Georges Hadziioannou
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques; Université de Bordeaux - CNRS UMR 5629 - ENSCPB; B8 Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire F-33615 Pessac Cedex France
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53
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Xu W, Ledin PA, Shevchenko VV, Tsukruk VV. Architecture, Assembly, and Emerging Applications of Branched Functional Polyelectrolytes and Poly(ionic liquid)s. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:12570-12596. [PMID: 26010902 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b01833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Branched polyelectrolytes with cylindrical brush, dendritic, hyperbranched, grafted, and star architectures bearing ionizable functional groups possess complex and unique assembly behavior in solution at surfaces and interfaces as compared to their linear counterparts. This review summarizes the recent developments in the introduction of various architectures and understanding of the assembly behavior of branched polyelectrolytes with a focus on functional polyelectrolytes and poly(ionic liquid)s with responsive properties. The branched polyelectrolytes and poly(ionic liquid)s interact electrostatically with small molecules, linear polyelectrolytes, or other branched polyelectrolytes to form assemblies of hybrid nanoparticles, multilayer thin films, responsive microcapsules, and ion-conductive membranes. The branched structures lead to unconventional assemblies and complex hierarchical structures with responsive properties as summarized in this review. Finally, we discuss prospectives for emerging applications of branched polyelectrolytes and poly(ionic liquid)s for energy harvesting and storage, controlled delivery, chemical microreactors, adaptive surfaces, and ion-exchange membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weinan Xu
- †School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Petr A Ledin
- †School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Valery V Shevchenko
- ‡Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkovskoe shosse 48, Kiev 02160, Ukraine
| | - Vladimir V Tsukruk
- †School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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54
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Diederichsen KM, Brow RR, Stoykovich MP. Percolating transport and the conductive scaling relationship in lamellar block copolymers under confinement. ACS NANO 2015; 9:2465-2476. [PMID: 25756653 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b01321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The topology and transport behavior of the lamellar morphology self-assembled by block copolymers in thin films are shown to depend on the length scale over which they are characterized and can be described by percolation in a network under confinement. Gold nanowires replicating the lamellar morphology were fabricated via self-assembled poly(styrene-block-methyl methacrylate) thin films and a lift-off pattern transfer process. The lamellar morphology exhibits long-range connectivity (macroscopic scale); however, characterization of electrical conduction over confined areas (5-500 μm) demonstrates a discrete probability of disconnection that arises due to the underlying network structure and a lack of self-similarity at these microscale dimensions. In particular, it is proved that the lamellar network morphology under confinement has a conductance that is nonlinear with channel length or width. The experimental results are discussed in terms of percolation theory, and a simple, two-dimensional Monte Carlo model is shown to predict the key trends in the network topology and conductance in lamellar block copolymers, including the dependencies on composition, extent of spatial confinement, and confinement geometry. These results highlight the need to exquisitely control or engineer the self-assembled nanostructured pathways formed by block copolymers to ensure consistent device performance for any application that depends upon percolating material, ionic, or electrical transport, especially when confined in any dimension. It is also concluded that the two most promising approaches for enhancing conductivity in block copolymer materials may be achieved either at the limits of (1) perfectly oriented, single-crystalline or (2) high defect density, polycrystalline microphase separated morphologies and that nanostructured systems with intermediate defect densities would be detrimental to transport in confined systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle M Diederichsen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Ryan R Brow
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Mark P Stoykovich
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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55
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Herbst DC, Witten TA, Tsai TH, Coughlin EB, Maes AM, Herring AM. Water uptake profile in a model ion-exchange membrane: Conditions for water-rich channels. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:114906. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4914512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C. Herbst
- James Franck Institute and Department of Physics,
University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637,
USA
| | - Thomas A. Witten
- James Franck Institute and Department of Physics,
University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637,
USA
| | - Tsung-Han Tsai
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department,
University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts
01003, USA
| | - E. Bryan Coughlin
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department,
University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts
01003, USA
| | - Ashley M. Maes
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department,
Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401,
USA
| | - Andrew M. Herring
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department,
Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401,
USA
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56
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Goswami M, Borreguero JM, Sumpter BG. Self-assembly and structural relaxation in a model ionomer melt. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:084903. [PMID: 25725753 DOI: 10.1063/1.4913517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular dynamics simulations are used to understand the self-assembly and structural relaxation in ionomer melts containing less than 10% degree of ionization on the backbone. The self-assembly of charged sites and counterions shows structural ordering and agglomeration with a range of structures that can be achieved by changing the dielectric constant of the medium. The intermediate scattering function shows a decoupling of charge and counterion relaxation at longer length scales for only high dielectric constant and at shorter length scales for all dielectric constants. Overall, the slow structural decay of counterions in the strongly correlated ionomer system closely resembles transport properties of semi-flexible polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monojoy Goswami
- Center for Nanophase Material Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Jose M Borreguero
- Neutron Data Analysis and Visualization Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Bobby G Sumpter
- Center for Nanophase Material Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
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57
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Carter NA, Grove TZ. Repeat-Proteins Films Exhibit Hierarchical Anisotropic Mechanical Properties. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:706-14. [DOI: 10.1021/bm501578j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A. Carter
- Department of Chemistry (0212), Virginia Tech, 2107 Hahn Hall
South, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| | - Tijana Zarkovic Grove
- Department of Chemistry (0212), Virginia Tech, 2107 Hahn Hall
South, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
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58
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Erdogan T, Bilir C, Erdal Unveren E, Demirel AL, Tunca U. Novel multiarm star block copolymer ionomers as proton conductive membranes. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py00994k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Novel multiarm star block copolymer ionomers containing hydrophobic fluorinated block at the periphery and partially sulfonated polystyrene block at the core with varying ion exchange capacities (IECs) were synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuba Erdogan
- Chemistry Institute
- TUBITAK Marmara Research Center
- Kocaeli
- Turkey
| | - Cigdem Bilir
- Chemistry Institute
- TUBITAK Marmara Research Center
- Kocaeli
- Turkey
- Department of Chemistry
| | | | | | - Umit Tunca
- Department of Chemistry
- Istanbul Technical University
- Istanbul
- Turkey
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59
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Cheng S, Smith DM, Pan Q, Wang S, Li CY. Anisotropic ion transport in nanostructured solid polymer electrolytes. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra05240h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We discuss recent progresses on anisotropic ion transport in solid polymer electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Drexel University
- Philadelphia
- USA
| | - Derrick M. Smith
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Drexel University
- Philadelphia
- USA
| | - Qiwei Pan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Drexel University
- Philadelphia
- USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
| | - Shijun Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Drexel University
- Philadelphia
- USA
| | - Christopher Y. Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Drexel University
- Philadelphia
- USA
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60
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Knychała P, Banaszak M. Simulations on a swollen gyroid nanostructure in thin films relevant to systems of ionic block copolymers. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2014; 37:23. [PMID: 25080175 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2014-14067-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembly of symmetric A/S-B copolymer melt to gyroid nanostructure, partitioning space into interpenetrating nano-labyrinths (channels), in thin films, is investigated using a minimal lattice model with short-range interactions. This model is relevant to poly(styrenesulfonate)-b -polymethylbutylene melt consisting of three types of segments, A, B and S, corresponding to styrene, methylbutylene and styrenesulfonate, respectively. A single sequence of A, B, and S is used in simulations and the fraction of S segments is fixed at p = 0.647 which corresponds to experimental data. The film thickness, L(z), is restricted to nine values (L(z) = 17 , 22, 26, 30, 34, 42, 51, 60, and 68 in units of the underlying lattice constant). The gyroid nanostructure is found to be stable if the film thickness is equal to or greater than the bulk period of the nanophase. The observed gyroid is referred to as swollen since the volume fraction of two continuous networks made of the B segments is anomalous with respect to that of conventional diblock copolymers. In contrast to bulk state, we do not directly observe the order-disorder transition to the gyroid nanophase for thin films. In this case, however, simulations indicate a direct order-disorder transition to a lamellar phase and the order-disorder transition temperature is higher than that in the bulk state, varying strongly with the film thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Knychała
- Faculty of Physics, A. Mickiewicz University, ul. Umultowska 85, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
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61
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Wang R, Yan X, Wu X, He G, Du L, Hu Z, Tan M. Modification of hydrophilic channels in Nafion membranes by DMBA: Mechanism and effects on proton conductivity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rujie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; Research and Development Center of Membrane Science and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology; Dalian LN 116024 China
| | - Xiaoming Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; Research and Development Center of Membrane Science and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology; Dalian LN 116024 China
| | - Xuemei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; Research and Development Center of Membrane Science and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology; Dalian LN 116024 China
| | - Gaohong He
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; Research and Development Center of Membrane Science and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology; Dalian LN 116024 China
| | - Lin Du
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; Research and Development Center of Membrane Science and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology; Dalian LN 116024 China
| | - Zhengwen Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; Research and Development Center of Membrane Science and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology; Dalian LN 116024 China
| | - Ming Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; Research and Development Center of Membrane Science and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology; Dalian LN 116024 China
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62
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Cheng S, Smith DM, Li CY. How Does Nanoscale Crystalline Structure Affect Ion Transport in Solid Polymer Electrolytes? Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma500734q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Cheng
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Derrick M. Smith
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Christopher Y. Li
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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63
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Hasani-Sadrabadi MM, Majedi FS, Coullerez G, Dashtimoghadam E, VanDersarl JJ, Bertsch A, Moaddel H, Jacob KI, Renaud P. Magnetically aligned nanodomains: application in high-performance ion conductive membranes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:7099-7107. [PMID: 24784956 DOI: 10.1021/am406042w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Polyelectrolyte-coated magnetic nanoparticles were prepared by decorating the surface of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) with crosslinked chitosan oligopolysaccharide (CS). These positively charged particles (CS-SPIONs) were then added to a negatively charged polymer (Nafion), and cast into membranes under an applied magnetic field. TEM and SAXS measurements confirmed this process created aligned, cylindrical nanodomains in the membranes. This was also indirectly confirmed by proton conductivity values. The strong electrostatic interaction between chitosan and Nafion prevented oxygen permeability and water evaporation at elevated temperatures through the proton conductive channels. The resultant proton exchange membranes showed lower conduction dependency to relative humidity, which is highly desirable for hydrogen fuel cells. The fuel cell performance tests were performed on the designed polyelectrolyte membrane by hydrogen-oxygen single cells at elevated temperature (120 °C) and low relative humidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mahdi Hasani-Sadrabadi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and G. W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
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64
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Shevchenko VV, Stryutskii AV, Bliznyuk VN, Klimenko NS, Shevchuk AV, Lysenkov EA, Gomza YP. Synthesis, structure, and properties of anhydrous organic-inorganic proton-exchange membranes based on sulfonated derivatives of octahedral oligosilsesquioxanes and α,ω-di(triethoxysilyl) oligo(oxyethylene urethane urea). POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES B 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1560090414020158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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65
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Wang Y, Gao J, Dingemans TJ, Madsen LA. Molecular Alignment and Ion Transport in Rigid Rod Polyelectrolyte Solutions. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma500364t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department
of Chemistry and Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Jianwei Gao
- Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Kluyverweg
1, 2629
HS, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Theo J. Dingemans
- Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Kluyverweg
1, 2629
HS, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Louis A. Madsen
- Department
of Chemistry and Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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66
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Kins CF, Sengupta E, Kaltbeitzel A, Wagner M, Lieberwirth I, Spiess HW, Hansen MR. Morphological Anisotropy and Proton Conduction in Multiblock Copolyimide Electrolyte Membranes. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma500253s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph F. Kins
- Max Planck Institute
for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg
10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Esha Sengupta
- Max Planck Institute
for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg
10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Anke Kaltbeitzel
- Max Planck Institute
for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg
10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Manfred Wagner
- Max Planck Institute
for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg
10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ingo Lieberwirth
- Max Planck Institute
for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg
10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hans Wolfgang Spiess
- Max Planck Institute
for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg
10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Ryan Hansen
- Max Planck Institute
for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg
10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- Interdisciplinary
Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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67
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Chen Y, Lingwood MD, Goswami M, Kidd BE, Hernandez JJ, Rosenthal M, Ivanov DA, Perlich J, Zhang H, Zhu X, Möller M, Madsen LA. Humidity-modulated phase control and nanoscopic transport in supramolecular assemblies. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:3207-17. [PMID: 24555816 DOI: 10.1021/jp409266r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular assembly allows for enhanced control of bulk material properties through the fine modulation of intermolecular interactions. We present a comprehensive study of a cross-linkable amphiphilic wedge molecule based on a sulfonated trialkoxybenzene with a sodium counterion that forms liquid crystalline (LC) phases with ionic nanochannel structures. This compound exhibits drastic structural changes as a function of relative humidity (RH). Our combined structural, dynamical, and transport studies reveal deep and novel information on the coupling of water and wedge molecule transport to structural motifs, including the significant influence of domain boundaries within the material. Over a range of RH values, we employ (23)Na solid-state NMR on the counterions to complement detailed structural studies by grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering. RH-dependent pulsed-field-gradient (PFG) NMR diffusion studies on both water and the wedge amphiphiles show multiple components, corresponding to species diffusing within LC domains as well as in the domain boundaries that compose 10% of the material. The rich transport and dynamical behaviors described here represent an important window into the world of supramolecular soft materials, carrying implications for optimization of these materials in many venues. Cubic phases present at high RH show fast transport of water (2 × 10(-10) m(2)/s), competitive with that observed in benchmark polymeric ion conductors. Understanding the self-assembly of these supramolecular building blocks shows promise for generating cross-linked membranes with fast ion conduction for applications such as next-generation batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University , Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, United States
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68
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Fast low-voltage electroactive actuators using nanostructured polymer electrolytes. Nat Commun 2014; 4:2208. [PMID: 23896756 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Electroactive actuators have received enormous interest for a variety of biomimetic technologies ranging from robotics and microsensors to artificial muscles. Major challenges towards practically viable actuators are the achievement of large electromechanical deformation, fast switching response, low operating voltage and durable operation. Here we report a new electroactive actuator composed of self-assembled sulphonated block copolymers and ionic liquids. The new actuator demonstrated improvements in actuation properties over other polymer actuators reported earlier, large generated strain (up to 4%) without any signs of back relaxation. In particular, the millimetre-scale displacements obtained for the actuators, with rapid response (<1 s) at sub-1-V conditions over 13,500 cycles in air, have not been previously reported in the literature. The key to success stems from the evolution of the unique hexagonal structure of the polymer layer with domain size gradients beneath the cathode during actuation, which promotes the bending motion of the actuators.
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69
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Hou J, Li J, Mountz D, Hull M, Madsen LA. Correlating morphology, proton conductivity, and water transport in polyelectrolyte-fluoropolymer blend membranes. J Memb Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2013.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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70
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Hanson B, Pryamitsyn V, Ganesan V. Mechanisms Underlying Ionic Mobilities in Nanocomposite Polymer Electrolytes. ACS Macro Lett 2013; 2:1001-1005. [PMID: 35581868 DOI: 10.1021/mz400234m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Recently, a number of experiments have demonstrated that addition of ceramics with nanoscale dimensions can lead to substantial improvements in the low-temperature conductivity of the polymeric materials. However, the origin of such behaviors and, more generally, the manner by which nanoscale fillers impact the ion mobilities remain unresolved. In this communication, we report the results of atomistic molecular dynamics simulations which used multibody polarizable force fields to study lithium ion diffusivities in an amorphous poly(ethylene-oxide) (PEO) melt containing well-dispersed TiO2 nanoparticles. We observed that the lithium ion diffusivities decrease with increased particle loading. Our analysis suggests that the ion mobilities are correlated to the nanoparticle-induced changes in the polymer segmental dynamics. Interestingly, the changes in polymer segmental dynamics were seen to be related to the nanoparticle's influence on the polymer conformational features. Overall, our results indicate that addition of nanoparticle fillers modifies polymer conformations and the polymer segmental dynamics and thereby influence the ion mobilities of polymer electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Hanson
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Victor Pryamitsyn
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Venkat Ganesan
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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71
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Han OH. Nuclear magnetic resonance investigations on electrochemical reactions of low temperature fuel cells operating in acidic conditions. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 72:1-41. [PMID: 23731860 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2013.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Oc Hee Han
- Daegu Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea.
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72
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Zhao S, Ren J, Wang Y, Zhang J. Electric field processing to control the structure of titanium oxide/sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone) hybrid proton exchange membranes. J Memb Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2013.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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73
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Mullin SA, Teran AA, Yuan R, Balsara NP. Effect of thermal history on the ionic conductivity of block copolymer electrolytes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott A. Mullin
- Environmental Energy Technologies Division; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Berkeley California 94720
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; University of California; Berkeley California 94720
| | - Alexander A. Teran
- Environmental Energy Technologies Division; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Berkeley California 94720
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; University of California; Berkeley California 94720
| | - Rodger Yuan
- Environmental Energy Technologies Division; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Berkeley California 94720
- Department of Material Science and Engineering; University of California; Berkeley California 94720
| | - Nitash P. Balsara
- Environmental Energy Technologies Division; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Berkeley California 94720
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; University of California; Berkeley California 94720
- Materials Sciences Division; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Berkeley California 94720
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74
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Park MJ, Choi I, Hong J, Kim O. Polymer electrolytes integrated with ionic liquids for future electrochemical devices. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.39064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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75
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Lee SM, Han OH. Hot-Pressing Effects on Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Investigated by2H NMR Spectroscopy. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2013. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2013.34.2.510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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76
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Sudre G, Inceoglu S, Cotanda P, Balsara NP. Influence of Bound Ion on the Morphology and Conductivity of Anion-Conducting Block Copolymers. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma302357k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Sudre
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California
94720, United States
| | - Sebnem Inceoglu
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, University of California,
Berkeley, California 94720,
United States
| | - Pepa Cotanda
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California
94720, United States
| | - Nitash P. Balsara
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California
94720, United States
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, University of California,
Berkeley, California 94720,
United States
- Environmental
Energy Technologies
Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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77
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78
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Choi JH, Willis CL, Winey KI. Effects of neutralization with Et3Al on structure and properties in sulfonated styrenic pentablock copolymers. J Memb Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2012.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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79
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Vallooran JJ, Negrini R, Mezzenga R. Controlling anisotropic drug diffusion in lipid-Fe3O4 nanoparticle hybrid mesophases by magnetic alignment. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:999-1004. [PMID: 23302008 DOI: 10.1021/la304563r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We present a new strategy to control the anisotropic diffusion of hydrophilic drugs in lyotropic liquid crystals via the dispersion of magnetic nanoparticles in the mesophase, followed by reorientation of the mesophase domains via an external magnetic field. We select a lipid reverse hexagonal phase doped with magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and glucose and caffeine as model hybrid mesophase and hydrophilic drugs, respectively. Upon cooling through the disorder-order phase transition of the hexagonal phase and under exposure to an external moderate magnetic field (1.1 T), both the nanoparticles and the hexagonal domains align with their columnar axes along the field direction. As a result, the water nanochannels of the inverted hexagonal domains also align parallel to the field direction, leading to a drug diffusion coefficient parallel to the field direction much larger than what was measured perpendicularly: in the case of glucose, for example, this difference in diffusion coefficients approaches 1 order of magnitude. Drug diffusion of the unaligned reverse hexagonal phase, which consists of randomly distributed domains, shows values in between the parallel and transversal diffusion values. This study shows that modifying the overall alignment of anisotropic mesophases via moderate external fields is a valuable means to control the corresponding transport tensor of the mesophase and demonstrates that the orientation of the domains plays an important role in the diffusion process of foreign hydrophilic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jijo J Vallooran
- Food and Soft Materials Science, Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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80
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Wu L, Zhang Z, Ran J, Zhou D, Li C, Xu T. Advances in proton-exchange membranes for fuel cells: an overview on proton conductive channels (PCCs). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:4870-87. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp50296a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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81
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Tsai TH, Maes AM, Vandiver MA, Versek C, Seifert S, Tuominen M, Liberatore MW, Herring AM, Coughlin EB. Synthesis and structure-conductivity relationship of polystyrene-block
-poly(vinyl benzyl trimethylammonium) for alkaline anion exchange membrane fuel cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Han Tsai
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; University of Massachusetts Amherst; 120 Governors Drive Amherst Massachusetts 01003
| | - Ashley M. Maes
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Colorado School of Mines; Golden Colorado 80401
| | - Melissa A. Vandiver
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Colorado School of Mines; Golden Colorado 80401
| | - Craig Versek
- Department of Physics; University of Massachusetts Amherst; 411 Hasbrouck Laboratory Amherst Massachusetts 01003
| | - Sönke Seifert
- X-ray Science Division; Argonne National Laboratory; Argonne Illinois 60439
| | - Mark Tuominen
- Department of Physics; University of Massachusetts Amherst; 411 Hasbrouck Laboratory Amherst Massachusetts 01003
| | - Matthew W. Liberatore
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Colorado School of Mines; Golden Colorado 80401
| | - Andrew M. Herring
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Colorado School of Mines; Golden Colorado 80401
| | - E. Bryan Coughlin
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; University of Massachusetts Amherst; 120 Governors Drive Amherst Massachusetts 01003
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82
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Hoarfrost ML, Segalman RA. Conductivity Scaling Relationships for Nanostructured Block Copolymer/Ionic Liquid Membranes. ACS Macro Lett 2012; 1:937-943. [PMID: 35607047 DOI: 10.1021/mz300241g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
To optimize the properties of membranes composed of mixtures of block copolymers with ionic liquids, it is essential to understand universal scaling relationships between composition, structure, temperature, and ionic conductivity. In this work, we demonstrate the universality of relationships developed to describe the temperature and concentration dependence of ionic conductivity in such membranes by comparing the conductivity behavior of mixtures of ionic liquid with two block copolymer chemistries. The conductivities of all the mixtures are described by a single expression, which combines percolation theory with the Vogel-Tamman-Fulcher (VTF) equation. Percolation theory describes the power law dependence of conductivity on the overall volume fraction of ionic liquid, while the VTF equation takes into account the effect of the glass transition temperature of the conducting phase on the temperature dependence. The dominance of the overall volume fraction of ionic liquid in determining conductivity indicates that there is incredible flexibility in designing highly conductive block copolymer/ionic liquid membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L. Hoarfrost
- Department
of Chemical
and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720,
United States
| | - Rachel A. Segalman
- Department
of Chemical
and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720,
United States
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83
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Young WS, Epps TH. Ionic Conductivities of Block Copolymer Electrolytes with Various Conducting Pathways: Sample Preparation and Processing Considerations. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma300362f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Shiue Young
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark,
Delaware 19716, United
States
| | - Thomas H. Epps
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark,
Delaware 19716, United
States
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84
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Tsai TH, Versek C, Thorn M, Tuominen M, Coughlin EB. Block Copolymers Containing Quaternary Benzyl Ammonium Cations for Alkaline Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (AAEMFC). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2012-1096.ch015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Han Tsai
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, MA, USA 01003
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 411 Hasbrouck Laboratory, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Craig Versek
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, MA, USA 01003
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 411 Hasbrouck Laboratory, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Michael Thorn
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, MA, USA 01003
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 411 Hasbrouck Laboratory, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Mark Tuominen
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, MA, USA 01003
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 411 Hasbrouck Laboratory, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - E. Bryan Coughlin
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, MA, USA 01003
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 411 Hasbrouck Laboratory, Amherst, MA 01003
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85
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Ganesan V, Pyramitsyn V, Bertoni C, Shah M. Mechanisms Underlying Ion Transport in Lamellar Block Copolymer Membranes. ACS Macro Lett 2012; 1:513-518. [PMID: 35585752 DOI: 10.1021/mz300051x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent experiments have reported intriguing trends for the molecular weight (MW) dependence of the conductivity of block copolymer lamellae that contrast with the behavior of homopolymer matrices. By using coarse-grained simulations of the sorption and transport of penetrant cations, we probe the possible mechanisms underlying such behavior. Our results indicate that the MW dependence of conductivity of homopolymeric and block copolymeric matrices arise from different mechanisms. On the one hand, the solvation energies of cations, and, in turn, the charge carrier concentrations, themselves, exhibit a MW dependence in block copolymer matrices. Such trends are shown to arise from variations in the thickness of the conducting phase relative to that of the interfacial zones. Moreover, distinct mechanisms are shown to be responsible for the diffusivities of ions in homopolymer and block copolymer matrices. In the former, diffusivity effects associated with the free ends of the polymers play an important role. In contrast, in block copolymer lamellae, the interfacial zone between the blocks presents a zone of hindered diffusivity for ions and manifests as a molecular weight dependence of the ionic diffusivity. Together, the preceding mechanisms are shown to provide a plausible explanation for the experimentally observed trends for the conductivity of block copolymer matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkat Ganesan
- Department of Chemical
Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Victor Pyramitsyn
- Department of Chemical
Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Colleen Bertoni
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011,
United States
| | - Manas Shah
- Department of Chemical
Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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86
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Smith DM, Dong B, Marron RW, Birnkrant MJ, Elabd YA, Natarajan LV, Tondiglia VP, Bunning TJ, Li CY. Tuning ion conducting pathways using holographic polymerization. NANO LETTERS 2012; 12:310-314. [PMID: 22148891 DOI: 10.1021/nl203599y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs) with high and controlled ionic conductivity are important for energy-related applications, such as solid-state batteries and fuel cells. Herein we disclose a new strategy to fabricate long-range ordered PEMs with tunable ion conducting pathways using a holographic polymerization (HP) method. By incorporating polymer electrolyte into the carefully selected HP system, electrolyte layers/channels with length scales of a few tens of nanometers to micrometers can be formed with controlled orientation and anisotropy; ionic conductivity anisotropy as high as 37 has been achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derrick M Smith
- A. J. Drexel Nanotechnology Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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87
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Page KA, Rowe BW. An Overview of Polymer Electrolyte Membranes for Fuel Cell Applications. POLYMERS FOR ENERGY STORAGE AND DELIVERY: POLYELECTROLYTES FOR BATTERIES AND FUEL CELLS 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2012-1096.ch009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kirt A. Page
- Polymers Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899
| | - Brandon W. Rowe
- Polymers Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899
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88
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Tsang EMW, Shi Z, Holdcroft S. Ionic Purity and Connectivity of Proton-Conducting Channels in Fluorous-Ionic Diblock Copolymers. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma2010469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhiqing Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Steven Holdcroft
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
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89
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Majewski PW, Gopinadhan M, Osuji CO. Magnetic field alignment of block copolymers and polymer nanocomposites: Scalable microstructure control in functional soft materials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.22382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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90
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youcef HB, Gubler L, Foelske-Schmitz A, Scherer GG. Improvement of homogeneity and interfacial properties of radiation grafted membranes for fuel cells using diisopropenylbenzene crosslinker. J Memb Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2011.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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91
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Shevchenko VV, Stryutskii AV, Klimenko NS. Polymeric organic–inorganic proton-exchange membranes for fuel cells produced by the sol–gel method. THEOR EXP CHEM+ 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11237-011-9187-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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92
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Ueda S, Kagimoto J, Ichikawa T, Kato T, Ohno H. Anisotropic proton-conductive materials formed by the self-organization of phosphonium-type zwitterions. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2011; 23:3071-3074. [PMID: 21608051 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201100942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Saori Ueda
- Department of Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan
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93
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Yoon M, Suh K, Kim H, Kim Y, Selvapalam N, Kim K. High and Highly Anisotropic Proton Conductivity in Organic Molecular Porous Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201101777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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94
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Yoon M, Suh K, Kim H, Kim Y, Selvapalam N, Kim K. High and Highly Anisotropic Proton Conductivity in Organic Molecular Porous Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:7870-3. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201101777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2011] [Revised: 05/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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95
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Weber RL, Ye Y, Schmitt AL, Banik SM, Elabd YA, Mahanthappa MK. Effect of Nanoscale Morphology on the Conductivity of Polymerized Ionic Liquid Block Copolymers. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma201067h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan L. Weber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Yuesheng Ye
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Andrew L. Schmitt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Steven M. Banik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Yossef A. Elabd
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Mahesh K. Mahanthappa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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96
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Metwalli E, Nie M, Körstgens V, Perlich J, Roth SV, Müller-Buschbaum P. Morphology of Lithium-Containing Diblock Copolymer Thin Films. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201100112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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97
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Li J, Park JK, Moore RB, Madsen LA. Linear coupling of alignment with transport in a polymer electrolyte membrane. NATURE MATERIALS 2011; 10:507-511. [PMID: 21685901 DOI: 10.1038/nmat3048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs) selectively transport ions and polar molecules in a robust yet formable solid support. Tailored PEMs allow for devices such as solid-state batteries,'artificial muscle' actuators and reverse-osmosis water purifiers. Understanding how PEM structure and morphology relate to mobile species transport presents a challenge for designing next-generation materials. Material length scales from subnanometre to 1 μm influence bulk properties such as ion conductivity and water transport. Here we employ multi-axis pulsed-field-gradient NMR to measure diffusion anisotropy, and (2)H NMR spectroscopy and synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering to probe orientational order as a function of water content and of membrane stretching. Strikingly, transport anisotropy linearly depends on the degree of alignment, signifying that membrane stretching affects neither the nanometre-scale channel dimensions nor the defect structure,causing only domain reorientation. The observed reorientation of anisotropic domains without perturbation of the inherent nematic-like domain character parallels the behaviour of nematic elastomers, promises tailored membrane conduction and potentially allows understanding of tunable shape-memory effects in PEM materials. This quantitative understanding will drive PEM design efforts towards optimal membrane transport, thus enabling more efficient polymeric batteries, fuel cells, mechanical actuators and water purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
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98
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Kim SY, Yoon E, Joo T, Park MJ. Morphology and Conductivity in Ionic Liquid Incorporated Sulfonated Block Copolymers. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma200278c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sung Yeon Kim
- Division of Advanced Materials Science (WCU) and ‡Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea 790-784
| | - Eunjin Yoon
- Division of Advanced Materials Science (WCU) and ‡Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea 790-784
| | - Taiha Joo
- Division of Advanced Materials Science (WCU) and ‡Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea 790-784
| | - Moon Jeong Park
- Division of Advanced Materials Science (WCU) and ‡Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea 790-784
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99
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Hoarfrost ML, Segalman RA. Ionic Conductivity of Nanostructured Block Copolymer/Ionic Liquid Membranes. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma200060g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Megan L. Hoarfrost
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Rachel A. Segalman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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100
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Lee SJ, Park MJ. Morphological manipulation of ionic block copolymer micelles using an electric field. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:17827-17830. [PMID: 21028856 DOI: 10.1021/la103708d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We present an electric-field-triggered sphere-to-cylinder transition of negatively charged block copolymer micelles with a radically low electric field of 30 V/cm. The system investigated is dilute solutions of strong polyelectrolyte containing ionic-b-neutral block copolymers (i.e., poly(styrenesulfonate-b-methylbutylene)). We have carried out in situ small-angle X-ray scattering experiments equipped with a dc power supply, combined with electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The application of small electrical fields across the solutions of spherical micelles results in the transient morphology of interconnected spheres, which are eventually transformed into a cylindrical shape with time. The E-field-induced cylindrical micelles revert to spherical micelles when the E field is switched off.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Ju Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea 790-784
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