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Huang R, Han L, Li J, Liu S, Shao K, Kuang Y, Hu X, Wang X, Lei H, Jiang C. Chlorotoxin-modified macromolecular contrast agent for MRI tumor diagnosis. Biomaterials 2011; 32:5177-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.03.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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52
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Frullano L, Caravan P. Strategies for the preparation of bifunctional gadolinium(III) chelators. Curr Org Synth 2011; 8:535-565. [PMID: 22375102 DOI: 10.2174/157017911796117250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The development of gadolinium chelators that can be easily and readily linked to various substrates is of primary importance for the development high relaxation efficiency and/or targeted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents. Over the last 25 years a large number of bifunctional chelators have been prepared. For the most part, these compounds are based on ligands that are already used in clinically approved contrast agents. More recently, new bifunctional chelators have been reported based on complexes that show a more potent relaxation effect, faster complexation kinetics and in some cases simpler synthetic procedures. This review provides an overview of the synthetic strategies used for the preparation of bifunctional chelators for MRI applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Frullano
- Case Western Reserve University. 11100 Euclid Ave Cleveland, OH 44106
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53
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Waukau J, Woodliff J, Glisic S. Human in vitro suppression as screening tool for the recognition of an early state of immune imbalance. J Vis Exp 2011:3071. [PMID: 21808226 DOI: 10.3791/3071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are critical mediators of immune tolerance to self-antigens. In addition, they are crucial regulators of the immune response following an infection. Despite efforts to identify unique surface marker on Tregs, the only unique feature is their ability to suppress the proliferation and function of effector T cells. While it is clear that only in vitro assays can be used in assessing human Treg function, this becomes problematic when assessing the results from cross-sectional studies where healthy cells and cells isolated from subjects with autoimmune diseases (like Type 1 Diabetes-T1D) need to be compared. There is a great variability among laboratories in the number and type of responder T cells, nature and strength of stimulation, Treg:responder ratios and the number and type of antigen-presenting cells (APC) used in human in vitro suppression assays. This variability makes comparison between studies measuring Treg function difficult. The Treg field needs a standardized suppression assay that will work well with both healthy subjects and those with autoimmune diseases. We have developed an in vitro suppression assay that shows very little intra-assay variability in the stimulation of T cells isolated from healthy volunteers compared to subjects with underlying autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells. The main goal of this piece is to describe an in vitro human suppression assay that allows comparison between different subject groups. Additionally, this assay has the potential to delineate a small loss in nTreg function and anticipate further loss in the future, thus identifying subjects who could benefit from preventive immunomodulatory therapy. Below, we provide thorough description of the steps involved in this procedure. We hope to contribute to the standardization of the in vitro suppression assay used to measure Treg function. In addition, we offer this assay as a tool to recognize an early state of immune imbalance and a potential functional biomarker for T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill Waukau
- Department of Pediatrics/Allergy, Medical College of Wisconsin, USA
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54
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Averill DJ, Garcia J, Siriwardena-Mahanama BN, Vithanarachchi SM, Allen MJ. Preparation, purification, and characterization of lanthanide complexes for use as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging. J Vis Exp 2011:2844. [PMID: 21808225 DOI: 10.3791/2844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyaminopolycarboxylate-based ligands are commonly used to chelate lanthanide ions, and the resulting complexes are useful as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Many commercially available ligands are especially useful because they contain functional groups that allow for fast, high-purity, and high-yielding conjugation to macromolecules and biomolecules via amine-reactive activated esters and isothiocyanate groups or thiol-reactive maleimides. While metalation of these ligands is considered common knowledge in the field of bioconjugation chemistry, subtle differences in metalation procedures must be taken into account when selecting metal starting materials. Furthermore, multiple options for purification and characterization exist, and selection of the most effective procedure partially depends on the selection of starting materials. These subtle differences are often neglected in published protocols. Here, our goal is to demonstrate common methods for metalation, purification, and characterization of lanthanide complexes that can be used as contrast agents for MRI (Figure 1). We expect that this publication will enable biomedical scientists to incorporate lanthanide complexation reactions into their repertoire of commonly used reactions by easing the selection of starting materials and purification methods.
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55
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Abstract
Optical imaging has emerged as a powerful modality for studying molecular recognitions and molecular imaging in a noninvasive, sensitive, and real-time way. Some advantages of optical imaging include cost-effectiveness, convenience, and non-ionization safety as well as complementation with other imaging modalities such as positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Over the past decade, considerable advances have been made in tumor optical imaging by targeting integrin receptors in preclinical studies. This review has emphasized the construction and evaluation of diverse integrin targeting agents for optical imaging of tumors in mouse models. They mainly include some near-infrared fluorescent dye-RGD peptide conjugates, their multivalent analogs, and nanoparticle conjugates for targeting integrin αvβ3. Some compounds targeting other integrin subtypes such as α4β1 and α3 for tumor optical imaging have also been included. Both in vitro and in vivo studies have revealed some promising integrin-targeting optical agents which have further enhanced our understanding of integrin expression and targeting in cancer biology as well as related anticancer drug discovery. Especially, some integrin-targeted multifunctional optical agents including nanoparticle-based optical agents can multiplex optical imaging with other imaging modalities and targeted therapy, serving as an attractive type of theranostics for simultaneous imaging and targeted therapy. Continued efforts to discover and develop novel, innovative integrin-based optical agents with improved targeting specificity and imaging sensitivity hold great promises for improving cancer early detection, diagnosis, and targeted therapy in clinic.
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Yuan W, Zhang J, Wei J, Yuan H, Ren J. Synthesis, characterization, and properties of tunable thermosensitive amphiphilic dendrimer-star copolymers with Y-shaped arms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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57
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Zhang X, Liu H, Miao Z, Kimura R, Fan F, Cheng Z. Macrocyclic chelator assembled RGD multimers for tumor targeting. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:3423-6. [PMID: 21524578 PMCID: PMC3098922 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.03.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Revised: 03/24/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Macrocyclic chelators have been extensively used for complexation of metal ions. A widely used chelator, DOTA, has been explored as a molecular platform to assemble multiple bioactive peptides in this paper. The multivalent DOTA-peptide bioconjugates demonstrate promising tumor targeting ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofen Zhang
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University Medical Center, California, 94305, USA
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Hongguang Liu
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University Medical Center, California, 94305, USA
| | - Zheng Miao
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University Medical Center, California, 94305, USA
| | - Richard Kimura
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University Medical Center, California, 94305, USA
| | - Feiyue Fan
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Zhen Cheng
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University Medical Center, California, 94305, USA
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Peptide-conjugated polyamidoamine dendrimer as a nanoscale tumor-targeted T1 magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent. Biomaterials 2011; 32:2989-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Accepted: 01/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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59
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Bei D, Meng J, Youan BBC. Engineering nanomedicines for improved melanoma therapy: progress and promises. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2011; 5:1385-99. [PMID: 21128721 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.10.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Once metastatic, melanoma remains one of the most aggressive and morbid malignancies. Moreover, in past decades, the overall survival for advanced unresectable melanoma exhibited a constancy of poor prognosis. Low response rates and serious adverse effects have been characteristic of standard therapy based on a combination of chemotherapeutic agents or immunotherapy with IL-2. For example, the chemotherapy including dacarbazine, carmustin, cisplatin and tamoxifen is known as 'Dartmouth regimen' while the CVD regimen comprises carmustine, vinblastine and dacarbazine. Thus, there is an urgent and critical need to reformulate these bioactive agents using nanoscience and nanotechnology as alternative strategies. This article overviews current design and evaluation of nanomedicine undertaken to address this unmet medical need. The nanomedicines studied include polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, polymersomes, dendrimers, cubosomes, niosomes and nanodiamonds. In this preclinical article, nanotechnology provides hope for effective treatment of this aggressive and largely treatment-resistant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Bei
- Laboratory of Future Nanomedicines & Theoretical Chronopharmaceutics, Division of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
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Barreto JA, O'Malley W, Kubeil M, Graham B, Stephan H, Spiccia L. Nanomaterials: applications in cancer imaging and therapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2011; 23:H18-40. [PMID: 21433100 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201100140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 616] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The application of nanomaterials (NMs) in biomedicine is increasing rapidly and offers excellent prospects for the development of new non-invasive strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. In this review, we provide a brief description of cancer pathology and the characteristics that are important for tumor-targeted NM design, followed by an overview of the different types of NMs explored to date, covering synthetic aspects and approaches explored for their application in unimodal and multimodal imaging, diagnosis and therapy. Significant synthetic advances now allow for the preparation of NMs with highly controlled geometry, surface charge, physicochemical properties, and the decoration of their surfaces with polymers and bioactive molecules in order to improve biocompatibility and to achieve active targeting. This is stimulating the development of a diverse range of nanometer-sized objects that can recognize cancer tissue, enabling visualization of tumors, delivery of anti-cancer drugs and/or the destruction of tumors by different therapeutic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Barreto
- School of Chemistry, Monash University Clayton, VIC, Australia
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Abstract
Integrins have become key targets for molecular imaging and for selective delivery of anti-cancer agents. Here we review recent work concerning the targeted delivery of antisense and siRNA oligonucleotides via integrins. A variety of approaches have been used to link oligonucleotides to ligands capable of binding integrins with high specificity and affinity. This includes direct chemical conjugation, incorporating oligonucleotides into lipoplexes, and use of various polymeric nanocarriers including dendrimers. The ligand-oligonucleotide conjugate or complex associates selectively with the integrin, followed by internalization into endosomes and trafficking through subcellular compartments. Escape of antisense or siRNA from the endosome to the cytosol and nucleus may come about through endogenous trafficking mechanisms, or because of membrane disrupting capabilities built into the conjugate or complex. Thus a variety of useful strategies are available for using integrins to enhance the pharmacological efficacy of therapeutic oligonucleotides.
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62
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Xia X, Yang M, Oetjen LK, Zhang Y, Li Q, Chen J, Xia Y. An enzyme-sensitive probe for photoacoustic imaging and fluorescence detection of protease activity. NANOSCALE 2011; 3:950-953. [PMID: 21225037 DOI: 10.1039/c0nr00874e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A gold nanocage and dye conjugate has been demonstrated for use with photoacoustic imaging and fluorescence detection of protease activity. The detection sensitivity could be maximized by using gold nanocages with a localized surface plasmon resonance peak away from the emission peak of the dye. These hybrids can be potentially used as multimodal contrast agents for molecular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohu Xia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St Louis, MO 63130, USA.
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63
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Abstract
Over the last decade, integrin αvβ3 has been studied with every single molecular imaging modality. Since no single modality is perfect and sufficient to obtain all the necessary information for a particular question, combination of certain molecular imaging modalities can offer synergistic advantages over any modality alone. This review will focus on multimodality imaging of integrin αvβ3 expression, where the contrast agent used can be detected by two or more imaging modalities, such as combinations of PET and optical, SPECT and fluorescence, PET and MRI, SPECT and MRI, and lastly, MRI and fluorescence. Most of these agents are based on certain type(s) of nanoparticles. Contrast agents that can be detected by more than two imaging modalities are expected to emerge in the future and a PET/MRI/fluorescence agent will likely find the most future biomedical/clinical applications. Big strides have been made over the last decade for imaging integrin αvβ3 expression and several PET/SPECT probes have been tested in human studies. For dualmodality and multimodality imaging applications, a number of proof-of-principle studies have been reported which opened up many new avenues for future research. The next decade will likely witness further growth and continued prosperity of molecular imaging studies focusing on integrin αvβ3, which can eventually impact patient management.
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64
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Cheng Y, Zhao L, Li Y, Xu T. Design of biocompatible dendrimers for cancer diagnosis and therapy: current status and future perspectives. Chem Soc Rev 2011; 40:2673-703. [PMID: 21286593 DOI: 10.1039/c0cs00097c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 358] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In the past decade, nanomedicine with its promise of improved therapy and diagnostics has revolutionized conventional health care and medical technology. Dendrimers and dendrimer-based therapeutics are outstanding candidates in this exciting field as more and more biological systems have benefited from these starburst molecules. Anticancer agents can be either encapsulated in or conjugated to dendrimer and be delivered to the tumour via enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect of the nanoparticle and/or with the help of a targeting moiety such as antibody, peptides, vitamins, and hormones. Imaging agents including MRI contrast agents, radionuclide probes, computed tomography contrast agents, and fluorescent dyes are combined with the multifunctional nanomedicine for targeted therapy with simultaneous cancer diagnosis. However, an important question reported with dendrimer-based therapeutics as well as other nanomedicines to date is the long-term viability and biocompatibility of the nanotherapeutics. This critical review focuses on the design of biocompatible dendrimers for cancer diagnosis and therapy. The biocompatibility aspects of dendrimers such as nanotoxicity, long-term circulation, and degradation are discussed. The construction of novel dendrimers with biocompatible components, and the surface modification of commercially available dendrimers by PEGylation, acetylation, glycosylation, and amino acid functionalization have been proposed as available strategies to solve the safety problem of dendrimer-based nanotherapeutics. Also, exciting opportunities and challenges on the development of dendrimer-based nanoplatforms for targeted cancer diagnosis and therapy are reviewed (404 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyun Cheng
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, People's Republic of China.
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65
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Kuil J, Velders AH, van Leeuwen FWB. Multimodal tumor-targeting peptides functionalized with both a radio- and a fluorescent label. Bioconjug Chem 2011; 21:1709-19. [PMID: 20812730 DOI: 10.1021/bc100276j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The use of monolabeled tumor-targeting peptides for molecular imaging is widespread. However, it is often desirable to use the same compound for different clinical applications, e.g., combined pre- and intraoperative tumor detection. On the basis of their detection sensitivity, the combination of radioactivity and fluorescence is probably the most valuable in multimodal molecular imaging. In this review, we compare multimodal peptide derivatives and discuss the influence of the diagnostic labels on receptor affinity and biodistribution. On the basis of the described constructs, we propose improvements for the design of future multimodal tumor-targeting peptide derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joeri Kuil
- Division of Diagnostic Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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66
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Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a powerful medical diagnostic imaging modality for integrin targeted imaging, which uses the magnetic resonance of tissue water protons to display tissue anatomic structures with high spatial resolution. Contrast agents are often used in MRI to highlight specific regions of the body and make them easier to visualize. There are four main classes of MRI contrast agents based on their different contrast mechanisms, including T(1), T(2), chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) agents, and heteronuclear contrast agents. Integrins are an important family of heterodimeric transmembrane glycoproteins that function as mediators of cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions. The overexpressed integrins can be used as the molecular targets for designing suitable integrin targeted contrast agents for MR molecular imaging. Integrin targeted contrast agent includes a targeting agent specific to a target integrin, a paramagnetic agent and a linker connecting the targeting agent with the paramagnetic agent. Proper selection of targeting agents is critical for targeted MRI contrast agents to effectively bind to integrins for in vivo imaging. An ideal integrin targeted MR contrast agent should be non-toxic, provide strong contrast enhancement at the target sites and can be completely excreted from the body after MR imaging. An overview of integrin targeted MR contrast agents based on small molecular and macromolecular Gd(III) complexes, lipid nanoparticles and superparamagnetic nanoparticles is provided for MR molecular imaging. By using proper delivery systems for loading sufficient Gd(III) chelates or superparamagnetic nanoparticles, effective molecular imaging of integrins with MRI has been demonstrated in animal models.
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67
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Welsh DJ, Smith DK. Comparing dendritic and self-assembly strategies to multivalency—RGD peptide–integrin interactions. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:4795-801. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ob05241a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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68
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Yan H, Wang J, Yi P, Lei H, Zhan C, Xie C, Feng L, Qian J, Zhu J, Lu W, Li C. Imaging brain tumor by dendrimer-based optical/paramagnetic nanoprobe across the blood-brain barrier. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:8130-2. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc12007g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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69
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Liu J, Liu J, Chu L, Wang Y, Duan Y, Feng L, Yang C, Wang L, Kong D. Novel peptide-dendrimer conjugates as drug carriers for targeting nonsmall cell lung cancer. Int J Nanomedicine 2010; 6:59-69. [PMID: 21289982 PMCID: PMC3025585 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s14601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Phage display technology has been demonstrated to be a powerful tool for screening useful ligands that are capable of specifically binding to biomarkers on the surface of tumor cells. The ligands found by this technique, such as peptides, have been successfully applied in the fields of early cancer diagnostics and chemotherapy. In this study, a novel nonsmall cell lung cancer-targeting peptide (LCTP, sequence RCPLSHSLICY) was screened in vivo using a Ph.D.-C7C(™) phage display library. In order to develop a universal tumor-targeting drug carrier, the LCTP and fluorescence-labeled molecule (FITC) were conjugated to an acetylated polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer of generation 4 (G4) to form a PAMAM-Ac-FITC-LCTP conjugate. The performance of the conjugate was first tested in vitro. In vitro results of cell experiments analyzed by flow cytometry and inverted fluorescence microscopy indicated that PAMAM-Ac-FITC-LCTP was enriched more in NCI-H460 cells than in 293T cells, and cellular uptake was both time- and dose-dependent. The tissue distribution of the conjugate in athymic mice with lung cancer xenografts was also investigated to test the targeting efficiency of PAMAM-Ac-FITC-LCTP in vivo. The results showed that LCTP can effectively facilitate the targeting of PAMAM-Ac-FITC-LCTP to nonsmall cell lung cancer cells and tumors. These results suggest that the LCTP-conjugated PAMAM dendrimer might be a promising drug carrier for targeted cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjian, People's Republic of China.
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70
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Chen KJ, Wolahan SM, Wang H, Hsu CH, Chang HW, Durazo A, Hwang LP, Garcia MA, Jiang ZK, Wu L, Lin YY, Tseng HR. A small MRI contrast agent library of gadolinium(III)-encapsulated supramolecular nanoparticles for improved relaxivity and sensitivity. Biomaterials 2010; 32:2160-5. [PMID: 21167594 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2010] [Accepted: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a new category of nanoparticle-based T(1) MRI contrast agents (CAs) by encapsulating paramagnetic chelated gadolinium(III), i.e., Gd(3+)·DOTA, through supramolecular assembly of molecular building blocks that carry complementary molecular recognition motifs, including adamantane (Ad) and β-cyclodextrin (CD). A small library of Gd(3+)·DOTA-encapsulated supramolecular nanoparticles (Gd(3+)·DOTA⊂SNPs) was produced by systematically altering the molecular building block mixing ratios. A broad spectrum of relaxation rates was correlated to the resulting Gd(3+)·DOTA⊂SNP library. Consequently, an optimal synthetic formulation of Gd(3+)·DOTA⊂SNPs with an r(1) of 17.3 s(-1) mM(-1) (ca. 4-fold higher than clinical Gd(3+) chelated complexes at high field strengths) was identified. T(1)-weighted imaging of Gd(3+)·DOTA⊂SNPs exhibits an enhanced sensitivity with a contrast-to-noise ratio (C/N ratio) ca. 3.6 times greater than that observed for free Gd(3+)·DTPA. A Gd(3+)·DOTA⊂SNPs solution was injected into foot pads of mice, and MRI was employed to monitor dynamic lymphatic drainage of the Gd(3+)·DOTA⊂SNPs-based CA. We observe an increase in signal intensity of the brachial lymph node in T(1)-weighted imaging after injecting Gd(3+)·DOTA⊂SNPs but not after injecting Gd(3+)·DTPA. The MRI results are supported by ICP-MS analysis ex vivo. These results show that Gd(3+)·DOTA⊂SNPs not only exhibits enhanced relaxivity and high sensitivity but also can serve as a potential tool for diagnosis of cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Ju Chen
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Building 114, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1770, USA
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71
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A Pre-targeting Strategy for MR Imaging of Functional Molecules Using Dendritic Gd-Based Contrast Agents. Mol Imaging Biol 2010; 13:1196-203. [DOI: 10.1007/s11307-010-0463-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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72
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Ein Meisterstück in der Synthese: wohldefinierte, multivalente und multimodale dendritische Architekturen für biomedizinische Anwendungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201003968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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73
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Röglin L, Lempens EHM, Meijer EW. A Synthetic “Tour de Force”: Well‐Defined Multivalent and Multimodal Dendritic Structures for Biomedical Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 50:102-12. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201003968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lars Röglin
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven (The Netherlands), Fax: (+31) 40‐245‐1036
| | - Edith H. M. Lempens
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven (The Netherlands), Fax: (+31) 40‐245‐1036
| | - E. W. Meijer
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven (The Netherlands), Fax: (+31) 40‐245‐1036
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74
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Tan M, Wu X, Jeong EK, Chen Q, Parker DL, Lu ZR. An effective targeted nanoglobular manganese(II) chelate conjugate for magnetic resonance molecular imaging of tumor extracellular matrix. Mol Pharm 2010; 7:936-43. [PMID: 20481565 DOI: 10.1021/mp100054m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Stable manganese(II) chelates are of great interest for the design and development of safe and effective non-gadolinium(III)-based targeted MRI contrast agents for MR cancer molecular imaging. In this study, a CLT1 peptide targeted G3 nanoglobular Mn(II)-DOTA monoamide conjugate was designed and synthesized as a targeted MRI contrast agent for molecular imaging of the fibrin-fibronectin complexes or oncofetal fibronectin in tumor stroma. The targeted contrast agent comprised 2 peptides and 42 Mn(II)-DOTA chelates on the surface of the G3 nanoglobule. The T(1) and T(2) relaxivities of the targeted agent at room temperature were 3.13 and 8.74 mM(-1) s(-1) per Mn(II) chelate at 3 T (tesla), respectively. It had a well-defined nanosize (5.2 nm) and could be readily excreted via renal filtration. The targeted nanoglobular contrast agent specifically bound to tumor tissue, resulting in significant tumor contrast enhancement with minimal nonspecific enhancement in the liver of tumor bearing mice as compared to a nontargeted control at a dose as low as 0.03 mmol-Mn/kg. The targeted G3 nanoglobular Mn(II)-DOTA conjugate is promising as a targeted non-gadolinium(III)-based MRI contrast agent for MR cancer molecular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqian Tan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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75
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Abstract
Background One of the major challenges in cancer therapy is to improve early detection and prevention using novel targeted cancer diagnostics. Detection requests specific recognition. Tumor markers have to be ideally present on the surface of cancer cells. Their targeting with ligands coupled to imaging agents make them visible/detectable. Conclusions Fluorescence imaging is a newly emerging technology which is becoming a complementary medical method for cancer diagnosis. It allows detection with a high spatio-temporal resolution of tumor markers in small animals and in clinical studies. In this review, we focus on the recent outcome of basic studies in the design of new approaches (probes and devices) used to detect tumor cells by fluorescence imaging.
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76
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Hu J, Fang M, Cheng Y, Zhang J, Wu Q, Xu T. Host-guest chemistry of dendrimer-drug complexes. 4. An in-depth look into the binding/encapsulation of guanosine monophosphate by dendrimers. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:7148-57. [PMID: 20446745 DOI: 10.1021/jp1007889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the host-guest chemistry of dendrimer/guanosine monophosphate (GMP) and present an in-depth look into the binding/encapsulation of GMP by dendrimers using NMR studies. (1)H NMR spectra showed a significant downfield shift of methylene protons in the outmost layer of the G5 dendrimer, indicating the formation of ion pairs between cationic amine groups of dendrimer and anionic phosphate groups of GMP. Chemical shift titration results showed that the binding constant between G5 dendrimer and GMP is 17,400 M(-1) and each G5 dendrimer has 107 binding sites. The binding of GMP to dendrimers prevents its aggregation in aqueous solutions and thereby enhances its stability. Nuclear Overhauser effect measurements indicated that a GMP binding and encapsulation balance occurs on the surface and in the interior of dendrimer. The binding/encapsulation transitions can be easily tailored by altering the surface and interior charge densities of the dendrimer. All these findings provide a new insight into the host-guest chemistry of dendrimer/guest complexes and may play important roles in the study of dendrimer/DNA aggregates by a "bottom-up" strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Material Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People's Republic of China
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77
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Zhang K, Wang Y, Yu A, Zhang Y, Tang H, Zhu XX. Cholic Acid-Modified Dendritic Multimolecular Micelles and Enhancement of Anticancer Drug Therapeutic Efficacy. Bioconjug Chem 2010; 21:1596-601. [DOI: 10.1021/bc900490u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), Institute of Polymer Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences; and Central Laboratory, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China and Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Yongjian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), Institute of Polymer Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences; and Central Laboratory, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China and Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Ao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), Institute of Polymer Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences; and Central Laboratory, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China and Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Yue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), Institute of Polymer Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences; and Central Laboratory, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China and Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Hao Tang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), Institute of Polymer Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences; and Central Laboratory, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China and Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - X. X. Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), Institute of Polymer Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences; and Central Laboratory, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China and Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
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78
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Ghaghada KB, Colen RR, Hawley CR, Patel N, Mukundan S. Liposomal Contrast Agents in Brain Tumor Imaging. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 2010; 20:367-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nic.2010.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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79
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Tan M, Wu X, Jeong EK, Chen Q, Lu ZR. Peptide-targeted Nanoglobular Gd-DOTA monoamide conjugates for magnetic resonance cancer molecular imaging. Biomacromolecules 2010; 11:754-61. [PMID: 20131758 DOI: 10.1021/bm901352v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Effective imaging of a cancer molecular biomarker is critical for accurate cancer diagnosis and prognosis. CLT1 peptide was observed to specifically bind to the fibrin-fibronectin complexes presented in tumor extracellular matrix. In this study, we synthesized and evaluated CLT1 peptide-targeted nanoglobular Gd-DOTA monoamide conjugates for magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the fibrin-fibronectin complexes in tumor. The targeted nanoglobular contrast agents were prepared by conjugating peptide CLT1 to G2 and G3 nanoglobule (lysine dendrimers with a cubic silsesquioxane core) Gd-DOTA monoamide conjugates via click chemistry. The T(1) relaxivities of peptide-targeted G2 and G3 nanoglobules were 7.92 and 8.20 mM(-1) s(-1) at 3T, respectively. Approximately 2 peptides and 25 Gd-DOTA chelates were conjugated onto the surface of 32 amine groups of G2 nanoglobule, and 3 peptides and 43 Gd-DOTA chelates onto the surface of 64 amine groups of G3 nanoglobule. The peptide-targeted nanoglobular contrast agents showed greater contrast enhancement than the corresponding nontargeted agents in tumor at a dose of 0.03 mmol-Gd/kg in female athymic mice bearing MDA-MB-231 human breast carcinoma xenografts. The targeted MRI contrast agents have a potential for specific cancer molecular imaging with MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqian Tan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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80
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Villaraza AJL, Bumb A, Brechbiel MW. Macromolecules, dendrimers, and nanomaterials in magnetic resonance imaging: the interplay between size, function, and pharmacokinetics. Chem Rev 2010; 110:2921-59. [PMID: 20067234 PMCID: PMC2868950 DOI: 10.1021/cr900232t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 471] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Joseph L. Villaraza
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ambika Bumb
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Martin W. Brechbiel
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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81
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelique Louie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.
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82
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Gompels LL, Lim NH, Vincent T, Paleolog EM. In vivo optical imaging in arthritis--an enlightening future? Rheumatology (Oxford) 2010; 49:1436-46. [PMID: 20338885 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keq012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In vivo molecular optical imaging has significant potential to delineate and measure, at the macroscopic level, in vivo biological processes that are occurring at the cellular and molecular level. Optical imaging has already been developed for in vitro and ex vivo applications in molecular and cellular biology (e.g. fluorescence confocal microscopy), but is still at an early stage of development as a whole-animal in vivo imaging technique. Both sensitivity and spatial resolution remain incompletely defined. Rapid advances in hardware technology and highly innovative reporter probes and dyes will be expected to deliver significant insight into perturbations of molecular pathways that occur in disease, ultimately with the potential of translating into future molecular imaging techniques for patients with arthritis. This review will focus on currently available technologies for live in vivo animal optical imaging, including fluorescence reflectance imaging, potential novel tomographic techniques, bioluminescence reporter technology and potential novel labelling techniques, highlighting in particular the potential application of in vivo fluorescence imaging in arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke L Gompels
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Imperial College London, Faculty of Medicine, 65 Aspenlea Road, London W6 8LH, UK.
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83
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Bonduelle CV, Gillies ER. Dendritic Guanidines as Efficient Analogues of Cell Penetrating Peptides. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2010; 3:636-666. [PMID: 27713272 PMCID: PMC4033973 DOI: 10.3390/ph3030636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2010] [Revised: 02/10/2010] [Accepted: 03/09/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The widespread application of cell penetrating agents to clinical therapeutics and imaging agents relies on the ability to prepare them on a large scale and to readily conjugate them to their cargos. Dendritic analogues of cell penetrating peptides, with multiple guanidine groups on their peripheries offer advantages as their high symmetry allows them to be efficiently synthesized, while orthogonal functionalities at their focal points allow them to be conjugated to cargo using simple synthetic methods. Their chemical structures and properties are also highly tunable as their flexibility and the number of guanidine groups can be tuned by altering the dendritic backbone or the linkages to the guanidine groups. This review describes the development of cell-penetrating dendrimers based on several different backbones, their structure-property relationships, and comparisons of their efficacies with those of known cell penetrating peptides. The toxicities of these dendritic guanidines are also reported as well as their application towards the intracellular delivery of biologically significant cargos including proteins and nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin V Bonduelle
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., London, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Elizabeth R Gillies
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., London, N6A 5B7, Canada.
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., London, N6A 5B9, Canada.
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84
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Cheng Z, Thorek DLJ, Tsourkas A. Gadolinium-conjugated dendrimer nanoclusters as a tumor-targeted T1 magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:346-50. [PMID: 19967688 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200905133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiliang Cheng
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, 210 South 33rd Street, 240 Skirkanich Hall, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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85
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Borgman MP, Aras O, Geyser-Stoops S, Sausville EA, Ghandehari H. Biodistribution of HPMA copolymer-aminohexylgeldanamycin-RGDfK conjugates for prostate cancer drug delivery. Mol Pharm 2010; 6:1836-47. [PMID: 19743884 DOI: 10.1021/mp900134c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
N-(2-Hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymer-RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) conjugates targeting the alpha(v)beta(3) integrin present on angiogenic blood vessels and some tumor types have shown increased accumulation in solid tumors and possess properties that suggest their use for site-specific drug delivery. Geldanamycin (GDM) is a benzoquinoid ansamycin that binds to heat-shock protein 90 (HSP90), effective for the treatment of multiple cancer types including prostate, but has dose-limiting cytotoxicity. We recently reported the synthesis of HPMA copolymer-aminohexyl-geldanamycin (AH-GDM) conjugates containing RGDfK that demonstrated favorable properties of drug release, in vitro binding to the alpha(v)beta(3) integrin, cytotoxicity in human prostate cancer cells, and tolerability in nude mice greater than 2-fold equivalent free drug doses. In this study the biodistribution of 125I-radiolabeled HPMA copolymer-AH-GDM conjugates with and without RGDfK in both non-tumor-bearing and DU145 prostate tumor xenograft-bearing nude mice was evaluated. At 60 mg/kg drug equivalent polymer doses in non-tumor-bearing mice both conjugates showed fast elimination from blood and decreasing accumulation in all other organs. Kidney accumulation predominated and was higher for the conjugate containing RGDfK. In tumor-bearing mice, trace quantities of the conjugate containing RGDfK showed increased tumor accumulation as compared to the conjugate without RGDfK. Also evaluated were free drug concentrations in prostate tumor xenografts following treatments of 30 and 60 mg/kg drug-equivalent copolymer conjugates (with and without RGDfK) compared with 30 mg/kg free AH-GDM. Overall, 60 mg/kg treatment of RGDfK-containing conjugate showed significantly higher (p < 0.001) tumor drug concentrations compared with all other treatments. The targetable conjugates can effectively deliver higher amounts of geldanamycin to the tumor compared to nontargetable systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P Borgman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Nanomedicine and Cellular Delivery, Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, and Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
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86
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Partly PEGylated polyamidoamine dendrimer for tumor-selective targeting of doxorubicin: The effects of PEGylation degree and drug conjugation style. Biomaterials 2010; 31:1360-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2009] [Accepted: 10/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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87
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Ray GL, Baidoo KE, Wong KJ, Williams M, Garmestani K, Brechbiel MW, Milenic DE. Preclinical evaluation of a monoclonal antibody targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor as a radioimmunodiagnostic and radioimmunotherapeutic agent. Br J Pharmacol 2010; 157:1541-8. [PMID: 19681874 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00327.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The studies described here are the first to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo properties of (111)In-CHX-A''-panitumumab for radioimmunotherapy (alpha- and beta(-)-emitters) and radioimmunoimaging (single photon emission computed tomography and positron emission tomography). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Twenty-seven human carcinoma cell lines were analysed for expression of epidermal growth factor receptors by flow cytometry. Panitumumab was conjugated with CHX-A''-DTPA (diethylenetriamine-pentaacetic acid) and radiolabelled with (111)In. Immunoreactivity of the CHX-A''-DTPA-panitumumab and (111)In-CHX-A''-DTPA-panitumumab was evaluated by radioimmunoassays. Tumour targeting was determined in vivo by direct quantitation of tumour and normal tissues and by gamma-scintigraphy. KEY RESULTS For 26 of 27 human tumour cell lines, 95% of the cells expressed epidermal growth factor receptors over a range of intensity. Immunoreactivity of panitumumab was retained after modification with CHX-A''-DTPA. Radiolabelling of the immunoconjugate with (111)In was efficient with a specific activity of 19.5 +/- 8.9 mCi.mg(-1) obtained. Immunoreactivity and specificity of binding of the (111)In-panitumumab was shown with A431 cells. Tumour targeting by (111)In-panitumumab was demonstrated in athymic mice bearing A431, HT-29, LS-174T, SHAW or SKOV-3 s.c. xenografts with little uptake observed in normal tissues. The (111)In-panitumumab was also evaluated in non-tumour-bearing mice. Pharmacokinetic studies compared the plasma retention time of the (111)In-panitumumab in both non-tumour-bearing and A431 tumour-bearing mice. Tumour targeting was also visualized by gamma-scintigraphy. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Panitumumab can be efficiently radiolabelled with (111)In with high labelling yields. Based on the efficiency in tumour targeting and low normal tissue uptake, panitumumab may be an effective targeting component for radioimmunodiagnostic and radioimmunotherapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- G L Ray
- Radioimmune & Inorganic Chemistry Section, Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Reseach, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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88
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Cheng Z, Thorek D, Tsourkas A. Gadolinium‐Conjugated Dendrimer Nanoclusters as a Tumor‐Targeted
T
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agent. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200905133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiliang Cheng
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, 210 South 33rd Street, 240 Skirkanich Hall, Philadelphia, PA 19104 (USA), Fax: (+1) 215‐573‐2071
| | - Daniel L. J. Thorek
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, 210 South 33rd Street, 240 Skirkanich Hall, Philadelphia, PA 19104 (USA), Fax: (+1) 215‐573‐2071
| | - Andrew Tsourkas
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, 210 South 33rd Street, 240 Skirkanich Hall, Philadelphia, PA 19104 (USA), Fax: (+1) 215‐573‐2071
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89
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Luo K, Liu G, Zhang X, She W, He B, Nie Y, Li L, Wu Y, Zhang Z, Gong Q, Gao F, Song B, Ai H, Gu Z. Functional L-lysine dendritic macromolecules as liver-imaging probes. Macromol Biosci 2009; 9:1227-36. [PMID: 19904726 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.200900231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Liver-imaging probes are prepared through the conjugation of Gd chelates and galactosyl moieties to peptide dendrimers. The dendritic probes possessing highly controlled structures and a single molecular weight have a two-fold increase in T(1) relaxivity to 9.1 x 10(3) (Gd M)(-1) s(-1) compared to Gd-DTPA. No obvious cytotoxicity of this multifunctional dendritic agent is discovered in vitro. The dendrimer bearing galactosyl moieties leads to a much-higher hepatocyte-cell uptake in vitro and provides good signal-intensity enhancement (35%) of mouse liver in vivo especially at 60 min after intravenous injection. In comparison, non-targeting Gd dendrimers provide only an 11% enhancement of imaging contrast at the same time point. Overall, the dendrimers bearing galactosyl moieties may be used as liver-imaging probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Luo
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
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90
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Lempens EHM, Helms BA, Bayles AR, Merkx M, Meijer EW. A Versatile, Modular Platform for Multivalent Peptide Ligands Based on a Dendritic Wedge. European J Org Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200901045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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91
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Polášek M, Hermann P, Peters JA, Geraldes CFGC, Lukeš I. PAMAM Dendrimers Conjugated with an Uncharged Gadolinium(III) Chelate with a Fast Water Exchange: The Influence of Chelate Charge on Rotational Dynamics. Bioconjug Chem 2009; 20:2142-53. [DOI: 10.1021/bc900288q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miloslav Polášek
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universita Karlova (Charles University), Hlavova 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic, Biocatalysis and Organic Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands, and Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Center of Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Petr Hermann
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universita Karlova (Charles University), Hlavova 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic, Biocatalysis and Organic Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands, and Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Center of Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joop A. Peters
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universita Karlova (Charles University), Hlavova 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic, Biocatalysis and Organic Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands, and Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Center of Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos F. G. C. Geraldes
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universita Karlova (Charles University), Hlavova 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic, Biocatalysis and Organic Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands, and Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Center of Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ivan Lukeš
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universita Karlova (Charles University), Hlavova 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic, Biocatalysis and Organic Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands, and Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Center of Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal
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92
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Iha RK, Wooley KL, Nyström AM, Burke DJ, Kade MJ, Hawker CJ. Applications of orthogonal "click" chemistries in the synthesis of functional soft materials. Chem Rev 2009; 109:5620-86. [PMID: 19905010 PMCID: PMC3165017 DOI: 10.1021/cr900138t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1172] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rhiannon K. Iha
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Radiology, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - Karen L. Wooley
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Radiology, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842
| | - Andreas M. Nyström
- Cancer Center Karolinska, Department of Oncology-Pathology CCK, R8:03 Karolinska Hospital and Institute, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel J. Burke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Materials, and Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Matthew J. Kade
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Materials, and Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Craig J. Hawker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Materials, and Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
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93
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Venditto VJ, Allred K, Allred CD, Simanek EE. Intercepting the synthesis of triazine dendrimers with nucleophilic pharmacophores: a general strategy toward drug delivery vehicles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:5541-2. [PMID: 19753350 PMCID: PMC3881288 DOI: 10.1039/b911353c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The camptothecin ester of isonipecotic acid is installed on a triazine dendrimer intermediate obtained through an iterative, scalable route to ultimately yield cationic and PEGylated targets with activities in cell culture comparable to free drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent J. Venditto
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA. Fax: +1-979-845-9452; Tel: +1-979-845-4242
| | - Kimberly Allred
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA. Fax: +1-979-862-7782; Tel: +1-979-845-0863
| | - Clinton D. Allred
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA. Fax: +1-979-862-7782; Tel: +1-979-845-0863
| | - Eric E. Simanek
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA. Fax: +1-979-845-9452; Tel: +1-979-845-4242
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94
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Kaneshiro TL, Lu ZR. Targeted intracellular codelivery of chemotherapeutics and nucleic acid with a well-defined dendrimer-based nanoglobular carrier. Biomaterials 2009; 30:5660-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2009] [Accepted: 06/12/2009] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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95
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Waite CL, Roth CM. PAMAM-RGD conjugates enhance siRNA delivery through a multicellular spheroid model of malignant glioma. Bioconjug Chem 2009; 20:1908-16. [PMID: 19775120 DOI: 10.1021/bc900228m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Generation 5 poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers were modified by the addition of cyclic RGD targeting peptides and were evaluated for their ability to associate with siRNA and mediate siRNA delivery to U87 malignant glioma cells. PAMAM-RGD conjugates were able to complex with siRNA to form complexes of approximately 200 nm in size. Modest siRNA delivery was observed in U87 cells using either PAMAM or PAMAM-RGD conjugates. PAMAM-RGD conjugates prevented the adhesion of U87 cells to fibrinogen-coated plates, in a manner that depends on the number of RGD ligands per dendrimer. The delivery of siRNA through three-dimensional multicellular spheroids of U87 cells was enhanced using PAMAM-RGD conjugates compared to the native PAMAM dendrimers, presumably by interfering with integrin-ECM contacts present in a three-dimensional tumor model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn L Waite
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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96
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van Dongen SFM, de Hoog HPM, Peters RJRW, Nallani M, Nolte RJM, van Hest JCM. Biohybrid Polymer Capsules. Chem Rev 2009; 109:6212-74. [DOI: 10.1021/cr900072y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 357] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stijn F. M. van Dongen
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands, and Institute of Materials Research & Engineering (IMRE), Research Link 3, Singapore 117602, Singapore
| | - Hans-Peter M. de Hoog
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands, and Institute of Materials Research & Engineering (IMRE), Research Link 3, Singapore 117602, Singapore
| | - Ruud J. R. W. Peters
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands, and Institute of Materials Research & Engineering (IMRE), Research Link 3, Singapore 117602, Singapore
| | - Madhavan Nallani
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands, and Institute of Materials Research & Engineering (IMRE), Research Link 3, Singapore 117602, Singapore
| | - Roeland J. M. Nolte
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands, and Institute of Materials Research & Engineering (IMRE), Research Link 3, Singapore 117602, Singapore
| | - Jan C. M. van Hest
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands, and Institute of Materials Research & Engineering (IMRE), Research Link 3, Singapore 117602, Singapore
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97
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Yellepeddi VK, Kumar A, Palakurthi S. Surface modified poly(amido)amine dendrimers as diverse nanomolecules for biomedical applications. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2009; 6:835-50. [DOI: 10.1517/17425240903061251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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98
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Hu J, Cheng Y, Wu Q, Zhao L, Xu T. Host−Guest Chemistry of Dendrimer-Drug Complexes. 2. Effects of Molecular Properties of Guests and Surface Functionalities of Dendrimers. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:10650-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9047055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Hu
- Laboratory of Functional Membranes, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P.R. China, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, P.R. China
| | - Yiyun Cheng
- Laboratory of Functional Membranes, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P.R. China, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, P.R. China
| | - Qinglin Wu
- Laboratory of Functional Membranes, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P.R. China, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, P.R. China
| | - Libo Zhao
- Laboratory of Functional Membranes, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P.R. China, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, P.R. China
| | - Tongwen Xu
- Laboratory of Functional Membranes, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P.R. China, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, P.R. China
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