51
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Wang JH, Chang CL, Zhang ZW, EL-Mahdy AFM. Facile metal-free synthesis of pyrrolo[3,2- b]pyrrolyl-based conjugated microporous polymers for high-performance photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00658h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
An efficient and metal-free approach to the synthesis of new kinds of CMPs (pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrolyl-based CMPs) on a gram scale within a short time has been developed for remarkable adsorbent and photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Han Wang
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ling Chang
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Zhe Wei Zhang
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Ahmed F. M. EL-Mahdy
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
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52
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Califano M, Lu R, Zhou Y. Indirect to Direct Band Gap Transformation by Surface Engineering in Semiconductor Nanostructures. ACS NANO 2021; 15:20181-20191. [PMID: 34874706 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c08176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Indirect band gap semiconductor materials are routinely exploited in photonics, optoelectronics, and energy harvesting. However, their optical conversion efficiency is low, due to their poor optical properties, and a wide range of strategies, generally involving doping or alloying, has been explored to increase it, often, however, at the cost of changing their material properties and their band gap energy, which, in essence, amounts to changing them into different materials altogether. A key challenge is therefore to identify effective strategies to substantially enhance optical transitions at the band gap in these materials without sacrificing their intrinsic nature. Here, we show that this is indeed possible and that GaP can be transformed into a direct gap material by simple nanostructuring and surface engineering, while fully preserving its "identity". We then distill the main ingredients of this procedure into a general recipe applicable to any indirect material and test it on AlAs, obtaining an increase of over 4 orders of magnitude in both emission intensity and radiative rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Califano
- Pollard Institute, School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
- Bragg Centre for Materials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Ruiyan Lu
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Yeke Zhou
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
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53
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Zhang X, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Shi S, Zhang Y, Cao Y, Li L, Geng C, Xia Y, Zhu J, Xu S. Nonradiative Energy Transfer from CsPbBr 3 Nanocrystals to CdSe/CdS Nanocrystals for Efficient Light Down Conversion. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:11710-11716. [PMID: 34846910 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) are emerging luminescent materials with superior optical properties. However, the light-conversion application of NCs is restricted by reabsorption-induced fluorescent quenching. Here, a NC-NC Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) system is developed by employing large CsPbBr3 NCs as donors and CdSe/CdS NCs as acceptors. The FRET systems using toluene and octadecene as solvents show decreases of 10% and 14%, respectively, in the integrated photoluminescence (PL) intensity, far below the reabsorption loss observed in concentrated CdSe/CdS NCs (>30%) at the same color purity. Notably, we demonstrate by transient absorption measurements that the styrene-mediated FRET system involves a Dexter energy transfer process, which enables the harvesting of triplet excitons and leads to an additional PL enhancement at system level by a maximum of 40% instead of fluorescence quenching. The remarkably improved light-conversion efficiency and antiquenching property make the proposed NC-NC system superior in light down-conversion applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinsu Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Electronic Materials and Devices, School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, 5340 Xiping Road, Tianjin 300401, P. R. China
| | - Zhibin Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Tunable Laser, School of Astronautics, Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 Xidazhi Road, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Yixuan Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Electronic Materials and Devices, School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, 5340 Xiping Road, Tianjin 300401, P. R. China
| | - ShuangShuang Shi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Electronic Materials and Devices, School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, 5340 Xiping Road, Tianjin 300401, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Technology and Equipment, School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, 5340 Xiping Road, Tianjin 300401, P. R. China
| | - Yue Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Lingling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Chong Geng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Electronic Materials and Devices, School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, 5340 Xiping Road, Tianjin 300401, P. R. China
| | - Yuanqin Xia
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Technology and Equipment, School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, 5340 Xiping Road, Tianjin 300401, P. R. China
| | - JunJie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Shu Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Electronic Materials and Devices, School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, 5340 Xiping Road, Tianjin 300401, P. R. China
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54
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Kaur A, Goswami T, Rondiya SR, Jadhav YA, Babu KJ, Shukla A, Yadav DK, Ghosh HN. Enhanced Charge Carrier Separation and Improved Biexciton Yield at the p-n Junction of SnSe/CdSe Heterostructures: A Detailed Electrochemical and Ultrafast Spectroscopic Investigation. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:10958-10968. [PMID: 34738822 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Tin chalcogenides (SnX, X = S, Se)-based heterostructures (HSs) are promising materials for the construction of low-cost optoelectronic devices. Here, we report the synthesis of a SnSe/CdSe HS using the controlled cation exchange reaction. The (400) plane of SnSe and the (111) plane of CdSe confirm the formation of an interface between SnSe and CdSe. The Type I band alignment is estimated for the SnSe/CdSe HS with a small conduction band offset (CBO) of 0.72 eV through cyclic voltammetry measurements. Transient absorption (TA) studies demonstrate a drastic enhancement of the CdSe biexciton signal that points toward the hot carrier transfer from SnSe to CdSe in a short time scale. The fast growth and recovery of CdSe bleach in the presence of SnSe indicate charge transfer back to SnSe. The observed delocalization of carriers in these two systems is crucial for an optoelectronic device. Our findings provide new insights into the fabrication of cost-effective photovoltaic devices based on SnSe-based heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshdeep Kaur
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, SAS Nagar, Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab140306, India
| | - Tanmay Goswami
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, SAS Nagar, Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab140306, India
| | - Sachin R Rondiya
- School of Energy Studies, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune411007, India
| | - Yogesh A Jadhav
- School of Energy Studies, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune411007, India
| | - K Justice Babu
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, SAS Nagar, Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab140306, India
| | - Ayushi Shukla
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, SAS Nagar, Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab140306, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Yadav
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, SAS Nagar, Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab140306, India
| | - Hirendra N Ghosh
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, SAS Nagar, Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab140306, India
- Radiation and Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai400085, India
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55
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Schedel C, Strauß F, Kumar K, Maier A, Wurst KM, Michel P, Scheele M. Substrate Effects on the Bandwidth of CdSe Quantum Dot Photodetectors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:47954-47961. [PMID: 34605623 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c13581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the time-resolved photocurrent response of CdSe quantum dot (QD) thin films sensitized with zinc β-tetraaminophthalocyanine (Zn4APc) (Kumar , ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2019, 11, 48271-48280) on three different substrates, namely, silicon with 230 nm SiO2 dielectric, glass, and polyimide. While Si/SiO2 (230 nm) is not suitable for any transient photocurrent characterization due to an interfering photocurrent response of the buried silicon, we find that polyimide substrates invoke the larger optical bandwidth with 85 kHz vs 67 kHz for the same quantum dot thin film on glass. Upon evaluation of the transient photocurrent, we find that the photoresponse of the CdSe quantum dot films can be described as a combination of carrier recombination and fast trapping within 2.7 ns followed by slower multiple trapping events. The latter are less pronounced on polyimide, which leads to the higher bandwidth. We show that all devices are resistance-capacitance (RC)-time limited and that improvements of photoresistance are the key to further increasing the bandwidth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Schedel
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Fabian Strauß
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Krishan Kumar
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Andre Maier
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Kai M Wurst
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Patrick Michel
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Marcus Scheele
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Sensors and Analytics LISA+, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
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56
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Corredor J, Harankahage D, Gloaguen F, Rivero MJ, Zamkov M, Ortiz I. Influence of QD photosensitizers in the photocatalytic production of hydrogen with biomimetic [FeFe]-hydrogenase. Comparative performance of CdSe and CdTe. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 278:130485. [PMID: 33839391 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic systems comprising a hydrogenase-type catalyst and CdX (X = S, Se, Te) chalcogenide quantum dot (QD) photosensitizers show extraordinary hydrogen production rates under visible light excitation. What remains unknown is the mechanism of energy conversion in these systems. Here, we have explored this question by comparing the performance of two QD sensitizers, CdSe and CdTe, in photocatalytic systems featuring aqueous suspensions of a [Fe2 (μ-1,2-benzenedithiolate) CO6] catalyst and an ascorbic acid sacrificial agent. Overall, the hydrogen production yield for CdSe-sensitized reactions QDs was found to be 13 times greater than that of CdTe counterparts. According to emission quenching experiments, an enhanced performance of CdSe sensitizers reflected a greater rate of electron transfer from the ascorbic acid (kAsc). The observed difference in the QD-ascorbic acid charge transfer rates between the two QD materials was consistent with respective driving forces for these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Corredor
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, ETSIIT, University of Cantabria, Avda. de Los Castros S/n, 39005, Santander, Spain
| | - Dulanjan Harankahage
- Department of Physics and Center for Photochemical Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, 43043, USA
| | - Frederic Gloaguen
- UMR 6521, CNRS, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, CS 93837, 29238, Brest, France
| | - Maria J Rivero
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, ETSIIT, University of Cantabria, Avda. de Los Castros S/n, 39005, Santander, Spain
| | - Mikhail Zamkov
- Department of Physics and Center for Photochemical Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, 43043, USA
| | - Inmaculada Ortiz
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, ETSIIT, University of Cantabria, Avda. de Los Castros S/n, 39005, Santander, Spain.
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57
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Conjugates of Ultrasmall Quantum Dots and Acridine Derivatives as Prospective Nanoprobes for Intracellular Investigations. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11092160. [PMID: 34578478 PMCID: PMC8471518 DOI: 10.3390/nano11092160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Designing nanoprobes in which quantum dots (QDs) are used as photoluminescent labels is an especially promising line of research due to their possible medical applications ranging from disease diagnosis to drug delivery. In spite of the significant progress made in designing such nanoprobes, the properties of their individual components, i.e., photoluminescent QDs, vectorization moieties, and pharmacological agents, still require further optimization to enhance the efficiency of diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. Here, we have developed a method of engineering compact multifunctional nanoprobes based on functional components with optimized properties: bright photoluminescence of CdSe/ZnS (core/shell) QDs, a compact and effective antitumor agent (an acridine derivative), and direct conjugation of the components via electrostatic interaction, which provides a final hydrodynamic diameter of nanoprobes smaller than 15 nm. Due to the possibility of conjugating various biomolecules with hydroxyl and carboxyl moieties to QDs, the method represents a versatile approach to the biomarker-recognizing molecule imaging of the delivery of the active substance as part of compact nanoprobes.
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58
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Zhou S. Rapid separation and purification of lead halide perovskite quantum dots through differential centrifugation in nonpolar solvent. RSC Adv 2021; 11:28410-28419. [PMID: 35480756 PMCID: PMC9038089 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04578d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the rapid separation and purification of lead halide perovskite quantum dots (QDs) in a nonpolar solvent by using a convenient and efficient differential separation method. Size-selective precipitation effectively separates the perovskite QDs from larger aggregates and provides direct evidence for strong quantum confinement in the photoluminescence (PL). Significantly, the size-selected perovskite QDs are readily well-dispersed in a nonpolar solvent and remain stable in ambient air (humidity > 60%) for >20 days. These enable measurement of the electronic band structure of versatile perovskite QDs as a function of size for the first time. Despite a clear blue-shift of the optical bandgap, the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) readily moves towards the vacuum level while the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) changes slightly, in good agreement with that observed in the quantum size effect tuning of quasi-2D perovskites and colloidal semiconductor QDs. The results demonstrate the possibility of utilizing differential centrifugation as a novel method to attain size-dependent tunability for property-specific perovskite-QD based optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Zhou
- School of Materials, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong New Territories Hong Kong
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59
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Kolobov N, Goesten MG, Gascon J. Metal–Organic Frameworks: Molecules or Semiconductors in Photocatalysis? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202106342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Kolobov
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology KAUST Catalysis Center Advanced Catalytic Materials Thuwal 23955 Saudi Arabia
| | - Maarten G. Goesten
- Aarhus University Department of Chemistry Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus Denmark
| | - Jorge Gascon
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology KAUST Catalysis Center Advanced Catalytic Materials Thuwal 23955 Saudi Arabia
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60
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Grassl F, Ullrich A, Mansour AE, Abdalbaqi SM, Koch N, Opitz A, Scheele M, Brütting W. Coupled Organic-Inorganic Nanostructures with Mixed Organic Linker Molecules. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:37483-37493. [PMID: 34328310 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c08614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The electronic properties of semiconducting inorganic lead sulfide (PbS) nanocrystals (NCs) and organic linker molecules are dependent on the size of NCs as well as the used ligands. Here, we demonstrate that a weakly binding ligand can be successfully attached to PbS NCs to form a coupled organic-inorganic nanostructure (COIN) by mixing with a strong binding partner. We use the weakly binding zinc β-tetraaminophthalocyanine (Zn4APc) in combination with the strongly binding 1,2-ethanedithiol (EDT) as a mixed ligand system and compare its structural, electronic, and (photo-)electrical properties with both single-ligand COINs. It is found that binding of Zn4APc is assisted by the presence of EDT leading to improved film homogeneity, lower trap density, and enhanced photocurrent of the derived devices. Thus, the mixing of ligands is a versatile tool to achieve COINs with improved performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Grassl
- Institut für Physik, Universität Augsburg, 86135 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Aladin Ullrich
- Institut für Physik, Universität Augsburg, 86135 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Ahmed E Mansour
- Institut für Physik & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Norbert Koch
- Institut für Physik & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Opitz
- Institut für Physik & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus Scheele
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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61
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Zhu Y, Egap E. Light-Mediated Polymerization Induced by Semiconducting Nanomaterials: State-of-the-Art and Future Perspectives. ACS POLYMERS AU 2021; 1:76-99. [PMID: 36855427 PMCID: PMC9954404 DOI: 10.1021/acspolymersau.1c00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Direct capture of solar energy for chemical transformation via photocatalysis proves to be a cost-effective and energy-saving approach to construct organic compounds. With the recent growth in photosynthesis, photopolymerization has been established as a robust strategy for the production of specialty polymers with complex structures, precise molecular weight, and narrow dispersity. A key challenge in photopolymerization is the scarcity of effective photomediators (photoinitiators, photocatalysts, etc.) that can provide polymerization with high yield and well-defined polymer products. Current efforts on developing photomediators have mainly focused on organic dyes and metal complexes. On the other hand, nanomaterials (NMs), particularly semiconducting nanomaterials (SNMs), are suitable candidates for photochemical reactions due to their unique optical and electrical properties, such as high absorption coefficients, large charge diffusion lengths, and broad absorption spectra. This review provides a comprehensive insight into SNMs' photomediated polymerizations and highlights the roles SNMs play in photopolymerizations, types of polymerizations, applications in producing advanced materials, and the future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhu
- †Department
of Materials Science and Nanoengineering and ‡Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Eilaf Egap
- †Department
of Materials Science and Nanoengineering and ‡Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States,
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62
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Bonnett BL, Ilic S, Flint K, Cai M, Yang X, Cornell HD, Taylor A, Morris AJ. Mechanistic Investigations into and Control of Anisotropic Metal-Organic Framework Growth. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:10439-10450. [PMID: 34190552 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The porphyrinic metal-organic framework, PCN-222, exhibits anisotropic growth behavior to form nanorods and microrods with aspect ratios 3 < x < 94. Control of microrod aspect ratios has been demonstrated through the identification of several factors that dictate crystal growth, particularly the concentrations of a ligand, a modulator, and an exogenous base. An increase in the local concentration of a deprotonated ligand, which is proportional to the nucleation rate, is associated with smaller crystals, while increased modulator concentration leads to longer microrods. Addition of a deprotonating agent not only contributes to higher aspect ratios but also results in an improvement to particle dispersity. Here, we report acid-base co-modulation methods with difluoroacetic acid and triethylamine to effectively tune PCN-222 aspect ratios. A series of mechanisms is identified for the growth of PCN-222: (1) ligand deprotonation, (2) nucleation, (3) oriented attachment, (4) Ostwald ripening, and (5) dissolution-recrystallization. Time trials of co-modulated samples revealed three separate ripening growth events, with each resulting in larger and more monodisperse crystals. With an understanding of these crystal growth factors and mechanisms, the highest aspect ratio, non-templated metal-organic frameworks were synthesized (94 ± 9).
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany L Bonnett
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| | - Stefan Ilic
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| | - Katie Flint
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| | - Meng Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| | - Xiaozhou Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| | - Hannah D Cornell
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| | - Ashleigh Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| | - Amanda J Morris
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
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63
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McGranahan CR, Wolfe GE, Falca A, Watson DF. Excited-State Charge Transfer and Extended Charge Separation within Covalently Tethered Type-II CdSe/CdTe Quantum Dot Heterostructures: Colloidal and Multilayered Systems. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:30980-30991. [PMID: 34156237 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c05653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We used N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) coupling chemistry to synthesize (1) heterostructures of CdSe and CdTe quantum dots (QDs) in colloidal dispersions and (2) heterostructures of CdSe and CdTe QDs, as well as CdS and CdSe QDs, immobilized on metal oxide thin films. The DCC-mediated formation of amide bonds between terminal carboxylic acid and amine groups of ligands on different QDs drove the formation of heterostructures. This cross-linking mechanism selectively yields heterostructures and prohibits the undesired formation of homostructures consisting of just one type of QD. Products of adsorption, ligand-exchange, and covalent-coupling reactions were characterized by transmission electron microscopy and ATR-FTIR, 1H NMR, electronic absorption, steady-state emission, and time-resolved emission spectroscopy. Ground-state absorption spectra of constituent QDs were unperturbed upon incorporation into heterostructures, enabling control over electronic properties. Heterostructures of CdSe and CdTe QDs exhibit type-II interfacial energetic offsets that promote charge separation following excitation of either QD. Indeed, photoexcited CdTe QDs transferred electrons to CdSe, and photoexcited CdSe QDs transferred holes to CdTe, on time scales of 10-100 ns, as evidenced by dynamic quenching of band-edge and trap-state emission. Mixed dispersions of noninteracting QDs did not undergo excited-state charge transfer. Constructing heterostructures on TiO2 thin films introduced an additional charge-transfer pathway, electron transfer from QDs to TiO2, which occurred on subnanosecond time scales and enabled extended spatial separation of photogenerated electrons and holes. Our results reveal that carbodiimide coupling chemistry can be used to tether colloidal QDs selectively and covalently to each other, yielding dispersed or immobilized heterostructures with programmable compositions and energetic offsets that can undergo efficient excited-state interfacial electron transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin R McGranahan
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
| | - Guy E Wolfe
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
| | - Alejandro Falca
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
| | - David F Watson
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
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64
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Kolobov N, Goesten MG, Gascon J. Metal-Organic Frameworks: Molecules or Semiconductors in Photocatalysis? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:26038-26052. [PMID: 34213064 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202106342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In the realm of solids, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) offer unique possibilities for the rational engineering of tailored physical properties. These derive from the modular, molecular make-up of MOFs, which allows for the selection and modification of the organic and inorganic building units that construct them. The adaptable properties make MOFs interesting materials for photocatalysis, an area of increasing significance. But the molecular and porous nature of MOFs leaves the field, in some areas, juxtapositioned between semiconductor physics and homogeneous photocatalysis. While descriptors from both fields are applied in tandem, the gap between theory and experiment has widened in some areas, and arguably needs fixing. Here we review where MOFs have been shown to be similar to conventional semiconductors in photocatalysis, and where they have been shown to be more like infinite molecules in solution. We do this from the perspective of band theory, which in the context of photocatalysis, covers both the molecular and nonmolecular principles of relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Kolobov
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, KAUST Catalysis Center, Advanced Catalytic Materials, Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maarten G Goesten
- Aarhus University, Department of Chemistry, Langelandsgade 140., 800, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jorge Gascon
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, KAUST Catalysis Center, Advanced Catalytic Materials, Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
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65
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Califano M, Zhou Y. Inverse-designed semiconductor nanocatalysts for targeted CO 2 reduction in water. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:10024-10034. [PMID: 34037058 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr01550h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The most commonly used photocatalyst for CO2 reduction is TiO2. However, this semiconductor material is far from being ideally suited for this purpose, owing to its inefficient energy harvesting (it absorbs in the UV), low reduction rates (it exhibits short carrier lifetimes), and lack of selectivity with respect to competing reactions (such as the nearly isoenergetic and kinetically more favourable water reduction). In this work we compile a wish-list of properties for the ideal photocatalyst (including high reaction selectivity, availability of multiple redox equivalents at one time, large contact area for CO2 adsorption with independently tunable band gap, and availability of electrons and holes at different locations on the surface for the two redox reactions to take place), and, using the principles of inverse design, we engineer a semiconductor nanostructure that not only meets all the necessary fundamental criteria to act as a catalyst for CO2 reduction, but also exhibits all the wish-list properties, as confirmed by our state-of-the-art atomistic semi-empirical pseudopotential modelling. The result is a potentially game-changing material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Califano
- Pollard Institute, School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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66
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Kageshima Y, Shiga S, Ode T, Takagi F, Shiiba H, Htay MT, Hashimoto Y, Teshima K, Domen K, Nishikiori H. Photocatalytic and Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Evolution from Water over Cu 2Sn xGe 1-xS 3 Particles. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:5698-5708. [PMID: 33827207 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c12140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cu2SnxGe1-xS3 (CTGS) particles were synthesized via a solid-state reaction and assessed, for the first time, as both photocatalysts and photocathode materials for hydrogen evolution from water. Variations in the crystal and electronic structure with the Sn/Ge ratio were examined experimentally and theoretically. The incorporation of Ge was found to negatively shift the conduction band minimum, such that the bandgap energy could be tuned over the range 0.77-1.49 eV, and also increased the driving force for the photoexcited electrons involved in hydrogen evolution. The effects of the Sn/Ge ratio and of Cu deficiency on the photoelectrochemical performance of Cu2SnxGe1-xS3 and CuySn0.38Ge0.62S3 (1.86 < y < 2.1) based photocathodes were evaluated under simulated sunlight. Both variations in the band-edge position and the presence of a secondary impurity phase affected the performance, such that a particulate Cu1.9Sn0.38Ge0.62S3 photocathode was the highest performing specimen. This cathode gave a half-cell solar-to-hydrogen energy conversion efficiency of 0.56% at 0.18 V vs a reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) and an incident-photon-to-current conversion efficiency of 18% in response to 550 nm monochromatic light at 0 VRHE. More importantly, these CTGS particles also demonstrated significant photocatalytic activity during hydrogen evolution and were responsive to radiation up to 1500 nm, representing infrared light. The chemical stability, lack of toxicity, and high activity during hydrogen evolution of the present CTGS particles suggest that they may be potential alternatives to visible/infrared light responsive Cu-chalcogenide photocatalysts and photocathode materials such as Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 and Cu2ZnSnS4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Kageshima
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan.,Research Initiative for Supra-Materials (RISM), Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| | - Sota Shiga
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Ode
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Takagi
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Shiiba
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials (RISM), Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| | - Myo Than Htay
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials (RISM), Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| | - Yoshio Hashimoto
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials (RISM), Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| | - Katsuya Teshima
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan.,Research Initiative for Supra-Materials (RISM), Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| | - Kazunari Domen
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials (RISM), Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan.,Department of Chemical System Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Nishikiori
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan.,Research Initiative for Supra-Materials (RISM), Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
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67
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Kim H, Nugraha MI, Guan X, Wang Z, Hota MK, Xu X, Wu T, Baran D, Anthopoulos TD, Alshareef HN. All-Solution-Processed Quantum Dot Electrical Double-Layer Transistors Enhanced by Surface Charges of Ti 3C 2T x MXene Contacts. ACS NANO 2021; 15:5221-5229. [PMID: 33635642 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c10471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fully solution-processed, large-area, electrical double-layer transistors (EDLTs) are presented by employing lead sulfide (PbS) colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) as active channels and Ti3C2Tx MXene as electrical contacts (including gate, source, and drain). The MXene contacts are successfully patterned by standard photolithography and plasma-etch techniques and integrated with CQD films. The large surface area of CQD film channels is effectively gated by ionic gel, resulting in high performance EDLT devices. A large electron saturation mobility of 3.32 cm2 V-1 s-1 and current modulation of 1.87 × 104 operating at low driving gate voltage range of 1.25 V with negligible hysteresis are achieved. The relatively low work function of Ti3C2Tx MXene (4.42 eV) compared to vacuum-evaporated noble metals such as Au and Pt makes them a suitable contact material for n-type transport in iodide-capped PbS CQD films with a LUMO level of ∼4.14 eV. Moreover, we demonstrate that the negative surface charges of MXene enhance the accumulation of cations at lower gate bias, achieving a threshold voltage as low as 0.36 V. The current results suggest a promising potential of MXene electrical contacts by exploiting their negative surface charges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunho Kim
- Materials Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamad I Nugraha
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xinwei Guan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Zhenwei Wang
- Materials Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mrinal K Hota
- Materials Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiangming Xu
- Materials Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tom Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Derya Baran
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thomas D Anthopoulos
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Husam N Alshareef
- Materials Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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68
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Cadmium Telluride Nanocomposite Films Formation from Thermal Decomposition of Cadmium Carboxylate Precursor and Their Photoluminescence Shift from Green to Red. CRYSTALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst11030253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study focuses on the investigation of a CdTe quantum dots (QDs) formation from a cadmium-carboxylate precursor, such as cadmium isostearate (Cd(ISA)2), to produce CdTe QDs with tunable photoluminescent (PL) properties. The CdTe QDs are obtained by the thermal decomposition of precursors directly in the polymer matrix (in situ method) or in solution and then encapsulated in the polymer matrix (ex situ method). In both approaches, the time course of the CdTe QDs formation is followed by means of optical absorption and PL spectroscopies focusing on viable emission in the spectral interval between 520 and 630 nm. In the polymeric matrix, the QDs formation is slower than in solution and the PL bands have a higher full width at half maximum (FWHM). These results can be explained on the basis of the limited mobility of atoms and QDs in a solid matrix with respect to the solution, inducing an inhomogeneous growth and the presence of surface defects. These achievements open the way to the exploitation of Cd(ISA)2 as suitable precursor for direct laser patterning (DPL) for the manufacturing of optoelectronic devices.
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69
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Liang D, Luo J, Liang X, Wang H, Wang J, Qiu X. An "on-off-super on" photoelectrochemical sensor based on quenching by Cu-induced surface exciton trapping and signal amplification of copper sulfide/porous carbon nitride heterojunction. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 267:129218. [PMID: 33326901 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we report an "on-off-super on" photoelectrochemical sensor for probing hydrogen sulfide due to its toxicity in water environment by using porous carbon nitride as photoelectric transducers. Synthesized by an alkaline-assisted hydrothermal method, the porous carbon nitride photoanode exhibited a remarkable photocurrent on the initial "on" state. Cu2+ immobilized on the surfaces of porous carbon nitride could significantly decrease the charge transfer efficiency and quench the photoelectrochemical signal in the "off" state. In addition, the introduction of S2- ions could eliminate the influence of Cu-induced surface exciton trapping and amplify the photoelectrochemical signal due to the formation of carbon nitride/copper sulfide heterojunction, thus leading to the achievement of the ''super on'' state and subsequently detection of hydrogen sulfide. More importantly, this photoelectrochemical sensor shows the excellent performance for probing hydrogen sulfide in terms of stability, selectivity, sensitivity and fabrication cost. Enabled by a unique "on-off-super on" strategy, it could serve as a reference for developing the new class of photoelectrochemical sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Liang
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Central South University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, PR China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, PR China
| | - Junjun Luo
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Central South University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, PR China
| | - Xiang Liang
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Central South University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, PR China
| | - Haixia Wang
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Central South University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, PR China
| | - Jianxiu Wang
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Central South University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, PR China
| | - Xiaoqing Qiu
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Central South University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, PR China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, PR China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Sources, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, China.
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70
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Grotevent MJ, Hail CU, Yakunin S, Bachmann D, Calame M, Poulikakos D, Kovalenko MV, Shorubalko I. Colloidal HgTe Quantum Dot/Graphene Phototransistor with a Spectral Sensitivity Beyond 3 µm. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2003360. [PMID: 33747735 PMCID: PMC7967065 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202003360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Infrared light detection enables diverse technologies ranging from night vision to gas analysis. Emerging technologies such as low-cost cameras for self-driving cars require highly sensitive, low-cost photodetector cameras with spectral sensitivities up to wavelengths of 10 µm. For this purpose, colloidal quantum dot (QD) graphene phototransistors offer a viable alternative to traditional technologies owing to inexpensive synthesis and processing of QDs. However, the spectral range of QD/graphene phototransistors is thus far limited to 1.6 µm. Here, HgTe QD/graphene phototransistors with spectral sensitivity up to 3 µm are presented, with specific detectivities of 6 × 108 Jones at a wavelength of 2.5 µm and a temperature of 80 K. Even at kHz light modulation frequencies, specific detectivities exceed 108 Jones making them suitable for fast video imaging. The simple device architecture and QD film patterning in combination with a broad spectral sensitivity manifest an important step toward low-cost, multi-color infrared cameras.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias J. Grotevent
- Department of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesETH ZurichVladimir Prelog Weg 1ZurichCH‐8093Switzerland
- Laboratory for Transport at Nanoscale InterfacesSwiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and TechnologyÜberlandstrasse 129DübendorfCH‐8600Switzerland
| | - Claudio U. Hail
- Department of Mechanical and Process EngineeringETH ZurichSonneggstrasse 3ZurichCH‐8092Switzerland
| | - Sergii Yakunin
- Department of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesETH ZurichVladimir Prelog Weg 1ZurichCH‐8093Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and PhotovoltaicsSwiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and TechnologyÜberlandstrasse 129DübendorfCH‐8600Switzerland
| | - Dominik Bachmann
- Laboratory for Transport at Nanoscale InterfacesSwiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and TechnologyÜberlandstrasse 129DübendorfCH‐8600Switzerland
| | - Michel Calame
- Laboratory for Transport at Nanoscale InterfacesSwiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and TechnologyÜberlandstrasse 129DübendorfCH‐8600Switzerland
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of BaselKlingelbergstrasse 82BaselCH‐4056Switzerland
| | - Dimos Poulikakos
- Department of Mechanical and Process EngineeringETH ZurichSonneggstrasse 3ZurichCH‐8092Switzerland
| | - Maksym V. Kovalenko
- Department of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesETH ZurichVladimir Prelog Weg 1ZurichCH‐8093Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and PhotovoltaicsSwiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and TechnologyÜberlandstrasse 129DübendorfCH‐8600Switzerland
| | - Ivan Shorubalko
- Laboratory for Transport at Nanoscale InterfacesSwiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and TechnologyÜberlandstrasse 129DübendorfCH‐8600Switzerland
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71
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Burke R, Chakraborty S, McClelland KP, Jelušić J, Matson EM, Bren KL, Krauss TD. Light-driven hydrogen production with CdSe quantum dots and a cobalt glutathione catalyst. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:2053-2056. [PMID: 33507176 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc07364d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A photocatalytic hydrogen (H2) production system is reported using glutathione (GSH)-capped CdSe QDs with a cobalt precatalyst, yielding 130 000 mol H2 per mol cobalt over 48 hours. Analysis of the reaction mixtures after catalysis indicates that the active catalyst is a labile complex of cobalt and GSH formed in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeckah Burke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA.
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72
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Krishnamurthy S, Singh A, Hu Z, Blake AV, Kim Y, Singh A, Dolgopolova EA, Williams DJ, Piryatinski A, Malko AV, Htoon H, Sykora M, Hollingsworth JA. PbS/CdS Quantum Dot Room-Temperature Single-Emitter Spectroscopy Reaches the Telecom O and S Bands via an Engineered Stability. ACS NANO 2021; 15:575-587. [PMID: 33381968 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c05907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We synthesized PbS/CdS core/shell quantum dots (QDs) to have functional single-emitter properties for room-temperature, solid-state operation in the telecom O and S bands. Two shell-growth methods-cation exchange and successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR)-were employed to prepare QD heterostructures with shells of 2-16 monolayers. PbS/CdS QDs were sufficiently bright and stable to resolve photoluminescence (PL) spectra representing both bands from single nanocrystals using standard detection methods, and for a QD emitting in the O-band a second-order correlation function showed strong photon antibunching, important steps toward demonstrating the utility of lead chalcogenide QDs as single-photon emitters (SPEs). Irrespective of type, few telecom-SPEs exist that are capable of such room-temperature operation. Access to single-QD spectra enabled a direct assessment of spectral line width, which was ∼70-90 meV compared to much broader ensemble spectra (∼300 meV). We show inhomogeneous broadening results from dispersity in PbS core sizes that increases dramatically with extended cation exchange. Quantum yields (QYs) are negatively impacted at thick shells (>6 monolayers) and, especially, by SILAR-growth conditions. Time-resolved PL measurements revealed that, with SILAR, initially single-exponential PL-decays transition to biexponential, with opening of nonradiative carrier-recombination channels. Radiative decay times are, overall, longer for core/shell QDs compared to PbS cores, which we demonstrate can be partially attributed to some core/shell sizes occupying a quasi-type II electron-hole localization regime. Finally, we demonstrate that shell engineering and the use of lower laser-excitation powers can afford significantly suppressed blinking and photobleaching. However, dependence on shell thickness comes at a cost of less-than-optimal brightness, with implications for both materials and experimental design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachidananda Krishnamurthy
- Materials Physics and Applications Division: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos 87545, New Mexico, United States
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson 75080, Texas, United States
| | - Ajay Singh
- Materials Physics and Applications Division: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos 87545, New Mexico, United States
| | - Zhongjian Hu
- Materials Physics and Applications Division: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos 87545, New Mexico, United States
| | - Anastasia V Blake
- Materials Physics and Applications Division: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos 87545, New Mexico, United States
| | - Younghee Kim
- Materials Physics and Applications Division: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos 87545, New Mexico, United States
| | - Amita Singh
- Materials Physics and Applications Division: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos 87545, New Mexico, United States
| | - Ekaterina A Dolgopolova
- Materials Physics and Applications Division: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos 87545, New Mexico, United States
| | - Darrick J Williams
- Materials Physics and Applications Division: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos 87545, New Mexico, United States
| | - Andrei Piryatinski
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos 87545, New Mexico, United States
| | - Anton V Malko
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson 75080, Texas, United States
| | - Han Htoon
- Materials Physics and Applications Division: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos 87545, New Mexico, United States
| | - Milan Sykora
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos 87545, New Mexico, United States
- Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Comenius University, Bratislava 84104, Slovakia
| | - Jennifer A Hollingsworth
- Materials Physics and Applications Division: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos 87545, New Mexico, United States
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73
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Kumar K, Hiller J, Bender M, Nosrati S, Liu Q, Edelmann M, Maier S, Rammler T, Wackenhut F, Meixner AJ, Braun K, Bunz UHF, Scheele M. Periodic Fluorescence Variations of CdSe Quantum Dots Coupled to Aryleneethynylenes with Aggregation-Induced Emission. ACS NANO 2021; 15:480-488. [PMID: 33438432 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c05121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
CdSe nanocrystals and aggregates of an aryleneethynylene derivative are assembled into a hybrid thin film with dual fluorescence from both fluorophores. Under continuous excitation, the nanocrystals and the molecules exhibit anticorrelated fluorescence intensity variations, which become periodic at low temperature. We attribute this to a structure-dependent aggregation-induced emission of the aryleneethynylene derivative, which impacts the rate of excitation energy transfer between the molecules and nanocrystals. This work highlights that combining semiconductor nanocrystals with molecular aggregates, which exhibit aggregation-induced emission, can result in emerging optical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishan Kumar
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jonas Hiller
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Markus Bender
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Centre for Advanced Materials, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Saeed Nosrati
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Quan Liu
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Charles Delaunay Institute, CNRS Light, Nanomaterials, Nanotechnologies (L2n, former "LNIO"), University of Technology of Troyes, 12 rue Marie Curie - CS 42060, 10004 Troyes Cedex, France
| | - Marc Edelmann
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Steffen Maier
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Centre for Advanced Materials, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tim Rammler
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Frank Wackenhut
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alfred J Meixner
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Sensors and Analytics LISA+, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kai Braun
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Uwe H F Bunz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Centre for Advanced Materials, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcus Scheele
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Sensors and Analytics LISA+, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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74
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Burke R, Bren KL, Krauss TD. Semiconductor nanocrystal photocatalysis for the production of solar fuels. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:030901. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0032172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rebeckah Burke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - Kara L. Bren
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - Todd D. Krauss
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
- The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
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75
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Hafiz SB, Al Mahfuz MM, Ko DK. Vertically Stacked Intraband Quantum Dot Devices for Mid-Wavelength Infrared Photodetection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:937-943. [PMID: 33372770 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c19450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Intraband quantum dots are degenerately doped semiconductor nanomaterials that exhibit unique optical properties in mid- to long-wavelength infrared. To date, these quantum dots have been only studied as lateral photoconductive devices, while transitioning toward a vertically stacked structure can open diverse opportunities for investigating advanced device designs. Here, we report the first vertical intraband quantum dot heterojunction devices composed of Ag2Se/PbS/Ag2Se quantum dot stacks that bring the advantage of reduced dark conductivity with a simplified device fabrication procedure. We discuss the improvement in the colloidal synthesis of Ag2Se quantum dots that are critical for vertical device fabrication, identify an important process that determines the mid-wavelength infrared responsivity of the quantum dot film, and analyze the basic device characteristics and key detector performance parameters. Compared to the previous generation of Ag2Se quantum dot-based photoconductive devices, approximately 70 times increase in the mid-wavelength responsivity, at room temperature, is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihab Bin Hafiz
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Mohammad M Al Mahfuz
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Dong-Kyun Ko
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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76
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Grotevent MJ, Hail CU, Yakunin S, Bachmann D, Kara G, Dirin DN, Calame M, Poulikakos D, Kovalenko MV, Shorubalko I. Temperature-Dependent Charge Carrier Transfer in Colloidal Quantum Dot/Graphene Infrared Photodetectors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:848-856. [PMID: 33350310 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c15226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal PbS quantum dot (QD)/graphene hybrid photodetectors are emerging QD technologies for affordable infrared light detectors. By interfacing the QDs with graphene, the photosignal of these detectors is amplified, leading to high responsivity values. While these detectors have been mainly operated at room temperature, low-temperature operation is required for extending their spectral sensitivity beyond a wavelength of 3 μm. Here, we unveil the temperature-dependent response of PbS QD/graphene phototransistors by performing steady-state and time-dependent measurements over a large temperature range of 80-300 K. We find that the temperature dependence of photoinduced charge carrier transfer from the QD layer to graphene is (i) not impeded by freeze-out of the (Schottky-like) potential barrier at low temperatures, (ii) tremendously sensitive to QD surface states (surface oxidation), and (iii) minimally affected by the ligand exposure time and QD layer thickness. Moreover, the specific detectivity of our detectors increases with cooling, with a maximum measured specific detectivity of at least 1010 Jones at a wavelength of 1280 nm and a temperature of 80 K, which is an order of magnitude larger compared to the corresponding room temperature value. The temperature- and gate voltage-dependent characterization presented here constitutes an important step in expanding our knowledge of charge transfer at interfaces of low-dimensional materials and toward the realization of next-generation optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias J Grotevent
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Claudio U Hail
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sergii Yakunin
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Bachmann
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Gökhan Kara
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Dmitry N Dirin
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Michel Calame
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dimos Poulikakos
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maksym V Kovalenko
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Shorubalko
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
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77
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Padgaonkar S, Eckdahl CT, Sowa JK, López-Arteaga R, Westmoreland DE, Woods EF, Irgen-Gioro S, Nagasing B, Seideman T, Hersam MC, Kalow JA, Weiss EA. Light-Triggered Switching of Quantum Dot Photoluminescence through Excited-State Electron Transfer to Surface-Bound Photochromic Molecules. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:854-860. [PMID: 33395307 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c04611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes reversible "on-off" switching of the photoluminescence (PL) intensity of CdSe quantum dots (QDs), mediated by photochromic furylfulgide carboxylate (FFC) molecules chemisorbed to the surfaces of the QDs. Repeated cycles of UV and visible illumination switch the FFC between "closed" and "open" isomers. Reversible switching of the QDs' PL intensity by >80% is enabled by different rates and yields of PL-quenching photoinduced electron transfer (PET) from the QDs to the respective isomers. This difference is consistent with cyclic voltammetry measurements and density functional calculations of the isomers' frontier orbital energies. This work demonstrates fatigue-resistant modulation of the PL of a QD-molecule complex through remote control of PET. Such control potentially enables applications, such as all-optical memory, sensing, and imaging, that benefit from a fast, tunable, and reversible response to light stimuli.
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78
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Collini E, Gattuso H, Levine RD, Remacle F. Ultrafast fs coherent excitonic dynamics in CdSe quantum dots assemblies addressed and probed by 2D electronic spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:014301. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0031420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Collini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Hugo Gattuso
- Theoretical Physical Chemistry, RU MOLSYS, University of Liège, Allée du 6 Août 11, B4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - R. D. Levine
- The Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics and Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - F. Remacle
- Theoretical Physical Chemistry, RU MOLSYS, University of Liège, Allée du 6 Août 11, B4000 Liège, Belgium
- The Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics and Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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79
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Yu P, Wang F, Meng J, Shifa TA, Sendeku MG, Fang J, Li S, Cheng Z, Lou X, He J. Few-layered CuInP2S6 nanosheet with sulfur vacancy boosting photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce01487g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Uniform few-layered CuInP2S6 nanosheets and microsheets were initially synthesized and utilized as photocatalysts towards photocatalytic hydrogen generation.
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80
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Memela M, Feleni U, Mdluli S, Ramoroka ME, Ekwere P, Douman S, Iwuoha E. Electro‐photovoltaics of Polymer‐stabilized Copper–Indium Selenide Quantum Dot. ELECTROANAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202060392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muziwenkosi Memela
- SensorLab University of the Western Cape Sensor Laboratories Robert Sobukwe Road Bellville 7535 Cape Town South Africa
| | - Usisipho Feleni
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Science, Engineering and Technology University of South Africa P/Bag X6 Florida Campus 1710, Roodepoort Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Siyabonga Mdluli
- SensorLab University of the Western Cape Sensor Laboratories Robert Sobukwe Road Bellville 7535 Cape Town South Africa
| | - Morongwa E. Ramoroka
- SensorLab University of the Western Cape Sensor Laboratories Robert Sobukwe Road Bellville 7535 Cape Town South Africa
| | - Precious Ekwere
- SensorLab University of the Western Cape Sensor Laboratories Robert Sobukwe Road Bellville 7535 Cape Town South Africa
| | - Samantha Douman
- SensorLab University of the Western Cape Sensor Laboratories Robert Sobukwe Road Bellville 7535 Cape Town South Africa
| | - Emmanuel Iwuoha
- SensorLab University of the Western Cape Sensor Laboratories Robert Sobukwe Road Bellville 7535 Cape Town South Africa
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81
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Volk S, Yazdani N, Wood V. Manipulating Electronic Structure from the Bottom-Up: Colloidal Nanocrystal-Based Semiconductors. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:9255-9264. [PMID: 32931296 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductors assembled from colloidal nanocrystals (NCs) are often described in the same terms as their single-crystalline counterparts with references to conduction and valence band edges, doping densities, and electronic defects; however, how and why semiconductor properties manifest in these bottom-up fabricated thin films can be fundamentally different. In this Perspective, we describe the factors that determine the electronic structure in colloidal NC-based semiconductors, and comment on approaches for measuring or calculating this electronic structure. Finally, we discuss future directions for these semiconductors and highlight their potential to bridge the divide between localized quantum effects and long-range transport in thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Volk
- Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland 8092
| | - Nuri Yazdani
- Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland 8092
| | - Vanessa Wood
- Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland 8092
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82
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Lin Y, Guo J, San Martin J, Han C, Martinez R, Yan Y. Photoredox Organic Synthesis Employing Heterogeneous Photocatalysts with Emphasis on Halide Perovskite. Chemistry 2020; 26:13118-13136. [PMID: 32533611 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Lately, heterogeneous semiconductor materials have been explored as an emerging type of efficient photocatalyst for photoredox organic synthesis. Among these semiconductors, lead halide perovskite materials demonstrate unique properties towards excellent charge separation and charge transfer, extremely long charge carrier migration, high efficiency in visible light absorption, and long excited states lifetimes, etc., as proved in ground-breaking solar cell applications, garnering necessary merits for an efficient catalytic system for photoredox organic reactions. Here, the latest progress in heterogeneous semiconductor materials towards this endeavor is examined, with particular emphasis on lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) in photocatalytic organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiong Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, 92182, USA
| | - Jun Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, 92182, USA
| | - Jovan San Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, 92182, USA
| | - Chuang Han
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, 92182, USA
| | - Ramon Martinez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, 92182, USA
| | - Yong Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, 92182, USA
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83
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Kowalik P, Bujak P, Wróbel Z, Penkala M, Kotwica K, Maroń A, Pron A. From Red to Green Luminescence via Surface Functionalization. Effect of 2-(5-Mercaptothien-2-yl)-8-(thien-2-yl)-5-hexylthieno[3,4- c]pyrrole-4,6-dione Ligands on the Photoluminescence of Alloyed Ag-In-Zn-S Nanocrystals. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:14594-14604. [PMID: 32941018 PMCID: PMC7586334 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A semiconducting molecule containing a thiol anchor group, namely 2-(5-mercaptothien-2-yl)-8-(thien-2-yl)-5-hexylthieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione (abbreviated as D-A-D-SH), was designed, synthesized, and used as a ligand in nonstoichiometric quaternary nanocrystals of composition Ag1.0In3.1Zn1.0S4.0(S6.1) to give an inorganic/organic hybrid. Detailed NMR studies indicate that D-A-D-SH ligands are present in two coordination spheres in the organic part of the hybrid: (i) inner in which the ligand molecules form direct bonds with the nanocrystal surface and (ii) outer in which the ligand molecules do not form direct bonds with the inorganic core. Exchange of the initial ligands (stearic acid and 1-aminooctadecane) for D-A-D-SH induces a distinct change of the photoluminescence. Efficient red luminescence of nanocrystals capped with initial ligands (λmax = 720 nm, quantum yield = 67%) is totally quenched and green luminescence characteristic of the ligand appears (λmax = 508 nm, quantum yield = 10%). This change of the photoluminescence mechanism can be clarified by a combination of electrochemical and spectroscopic investigations. It can be demonstrated by cyclic voltammetry that new states appear in the hybrid as a consequence of D-A-D-SH binding to the nanocrystals surface. These states are located below the nanocrystal LUMO and above its HOMO, respectively. They are concurrent to deeper donor and acceptor states governing the red luminescence. As a result, energy transfer from the nanocrystal HOMO and LUMO levels to the ligand states takes place, leading to effective quenching of the red luminescence and appearance of the green one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Kowalik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland.,Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1 Str., PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Bujak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Wróbel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Penkala
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Kamil Kotwica
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland.,Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Maroń
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Adam Pron
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
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84
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HONDA K, KOBAYASHI R. Fabrication of C-rich a-SiC Semiconductor Nanoparticles Having Variable Optical Gaps and Particle Sizes Using High-density Plasma in Localized Area. ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.5796/electrochemistry.20-64071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke HONDA
- Graduate school of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University
| | - Ryutaro KOBAYASHI
- Graduate school of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University
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85
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Jin T, Lian T. Trap state mediated triplet energy transfer from CdSe quantum dots to molecular acceptors. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:074703. [PMID: 32828113 DOI: 10.1063/5.0022061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Triplet energy transfer (TET) from quantum dots (QDs) to molecular acceptors has received intense research interest because of its promising application as triplet sensitizers in photon up-conversion. Compared to QD band edge excitons, the role and mechanism of trap state mediated TET in QD-acceptor complexes have not been well understood despite the prevalence of trap states in many QDs. Herein, TET from trap states in CdSe QDs to adsorbed 9-anthracene carboxylic acid (ACA) is studied with steady state photoluminescence, transient absorption spectroscopy, and time-resolved photoluminescence. We show that both band edge and trap excitons undergo direct Dexter energy transfer to form the triplet excited state of ACA. The rate of TET decreases from (0.340 ± 0.002) ns-1 to (0.124 ± 0.004) ns-1 for trap excitons with decreasing energy from 2.25 eV to 1.57 eV, while the TET rate from band edge excitons is 13-37 times faster than trapped excitons. Despite slightly higher TET quantum efficiency from band edge excitons (∼100%) than trapped excitons (∼95%), the overall TET process from CdSe to ACA is dominated by trapped excitons because of their larger relative populations. This result demonstrates the important role of trap state mediated TET in nanocrystal sensitized triplet generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Dr., Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Tianquan Lian
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Dr., Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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86
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Xu Z, Huang Z, Li C, Huang T, Evangelista FA, Tang ML, Lian T. Tuning the Quantum Dot (QD)/Mediator Interface for Optimal Efficiency of QD-Sensitized Near-Infrared-to-Visible Photon Upconversion Systems. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:36558-36567. [PMID: 32677433 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c10269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lead sulfide (PbS) quantum dots (QDs) have shown promising performance as a sensitizer in infrared-to-visible photon upconversion systems. To investigate the key design rules, we compare three PbS-sensitized upconversion systems using three mediator molecules with the same tetracene triplet acceptor at different distances from the QD. Using transient absorption spectroscopy, we directly measure the triplet energy-transfer rates and efficiencies from the QD to the mediator and from the mediator to the emitter. With increasing distance between the mediator and PbS QD, the efficiency of the first triplet energy transfer from the QD to the mediator decreases because of a decrease in the rate of this triplet energy-transfer step, while the efficiency of the second triplet energy transfer from the mediator to the emitter increases because of a reduction in the QD-induced mediator triplet state decay. The latter effect is a result of the slow rate constant of the second triplet energy-transfer process, which is 3 orders of magnitude slower than the diffusion-limited value. The combined results lead to a net decrease of the steady-state upconversion quantum yield with distance, which could be predicted by our kinetic model. Our result shows that the QD/mediator interface affects both the first and second triplet energy transfer processes in the photon upconversion system, and the QD/mediator distance has an opposite effect on the efficiencies of the first and second triplet energy transfer. These findings provide important insight for the further rational improvement of the overall efficiency of QD-based upconversion systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Zhiyuan Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Chenyang Li
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Tingting Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | | | - Ming L Tang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Tianquan Lian
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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87
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Teh ZL, Hu L, Zhang Z, Gentle AR, Chen Z, Gao Y, Yuan L, Hu Y, Wu T, Patterson RJ, Huang S. Enhanced Power Conversion Efficiency via Hybrid Ligand Exchange Treatment of p-Type PbS Quantum Dots. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:22751-22759. [PMID: 32347092 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b23492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
PbS quantum dot solar cells (QDSCs) have emerged as a promising low-cost, solution-processable solar energy harvesting device and demonstrated good air stability and potential for large-scale commercial implementation. PbS QDSCs achieved a record certified efficiency of 12% in 2018 by utilizing an n+-n-p device structure. However, the p-type layer has generally suffered from low carrier mobility due to the organic ligand 1,2-ethanedithiol (EDT) that is used to modify the quantum dot (QD) surface. The low carrier mobility of EDT naturally limits the device thickness as the carrier diffusion length is limited by the low mobility. Herein, we improve the properties of the p-type layer through a two-step hybrid organic ligand treatment. By treating the p-type layer with two types of ligands, 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) and EDT, the PbS QD surface was passivated by a combination of the two ligands, resulting in an overall improvement in open-circuit voltage, fill factor, and current density, leading to an improvement in the cell efficiency from 7.0 to 10.4% for the champion device. This achievement was a result of the improved QD passivation and a reduction in the interdot distance, improving charge transport through the p-type PbS quantum dot film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Li Teh
- Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics, School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney 2052, NSW, Australia
| | - Long Hu
- Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics, School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney 2052, NSW, Australia
| | - Zhilong Zhang
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K
| | - Angus R Gentle
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Ultimo 2007, NSW, Australia
| | - Zihan Chen
- Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics, School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney 2052, NSW, Australia
| | - Yijun Gao
- Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics, School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney 2052, NSW, Australia
| | - Lin Yuan
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström, Physical Chemistry, Uppsala University, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yicong Hu
- Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics, School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney 2052, NSW, Australia
| | - Tom Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney 2052, NSW, Australia
| | - Robert J Patterson
- Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics, School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney 2052, NSW, Australia
| | - Shujuan Huang
- Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics, School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney 2052, NSW, Australia
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, NSW, Australia
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88
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Haq AU, Buerkle M, Askari S, Rocks C, Ni C, Švrček V, Maguire P, Irvine JTS, Mariotti D. Controlling the Energy-Level Alignment of Silicon Carbide Nanocrystals by Combining Surface Chemistry with Quantum Confinement. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:1721-1728. [PMID: 32040322 PMCID: PMC7145349 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b03828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The knowledge of band edges in nanocrystals (NCs) and quantum-confined systems is important for band alignment in technologically significant applications such as water purification, decomposition of organic compounds, water splitting, and solar cells. While the band energy diagram of bulk silicon carbides (SiCs) has been studied extensively for decades, very little is known about its evolution in SiC NCs. Moreover, the interplay between quantum confinement and surface chemistry gives rise to unusual electronic properties and remains barely understood. Here, we report for the first time the complete band energy diagram of SiC NCs synthesized such that they span the regime from strong to intermediate to weak quantum confinement. The absolute positions of the highest occupied (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied (LUMO) molecular orbitals show clear size dependence. While the HOMO level follows the expected behavior for quantum-confined electronic states, the LUMO energy shifts below the bulk conduction band minimum, which cannot be explained by a simple quantum confinement caused by the size effect. We show that this effect is a result of the interplay between quantum confinement and the formation of surface states due to partial and site-selective oxygen passivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atta Ul Haq
- Nanotechnology
& Integrated Bioengineering Centre (NIBEC), Ulster University, Shore Road, Newtownabbey BT37 0QB, United Kingdom
| | - Marius Buerkle
- National
Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 2, Tsukuba 305-8568, Japan
| | - Sadegh Askari
- Institute
for Experimental and Applied Physics, Christian-Albrechts-Universität
zu Kiel, Leibnizstraße
17, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Conor Rocks
- Nanotechnology
& Integrated Bioengineering Centre (NIBEC), Ulster University, Shore Road, Newtownabbey BT37 0QB, United Kingdom
| | - Chengsheng Ni
- School
of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
- College
of Resources and Environment, Southwest
University, 400715, Chongqing, China
| | - Vladimir Švrček
- National
Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 2, Tsukuba 305-8568, Japan
| | - Paul Maguire
- Nanotechnology
& Integrated Bioengineering Centre (NIBEC), Ulster University, Shore Road, Newtownabbey BT37 0QB, United Kingdom
| | - John T. S. Irvine
- School
of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Davide Mariotti
- Nanotechnology
& Integrated Bioengineering Centre (NIBEC), Ulster University, Shore Road, Newtownabbey BT37 0QB, United Kingdom
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89
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Brown KA, King PW. Coupling biology to synthetic nanomaterials for semi-artificial photosynthesis. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2020; 143:193-203. [PMID: 31641988 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-019-00670-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biohybrid artificial photosynthesis aims to combine the advantages of biological specificity with a range of synthetic nanomaterials to create innovative semi-synthetic systems for solar-to-chemical conversion. Biological systems utilize highly efficient molecular catalysts for reduction-oxidation reactions. They can operate with minimal overpotentials while selectively channeling reductant energy into specific transformation chemistries and product forming pathways. Nanomaterials can be synthesized to have efficient light-absorption capacity and tuneability of charge separation by manipulation of surface chemistries and bulk compositions. These complementary aspects have been combined in a variety of ways, for example, where biological light-harvesting complexes function as antenna for nanoparticle catalysts or where nanoparticles function as light capture, charge separation components for coupling to chemical conversion by redox enzymes and whole cells. The synthetic diversity that is possible with biohybrids is still being explored. The progress arising from creative approaches is generating new model systems to inspire scale-up technologies and generate understanding of the fundamental mechanisms that control energy conversion at the molecular scale. These efforts are leading to discoveries of essential design principles that can enable the development of scalable artificial photosynthesis systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul W King
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80402, USA
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90
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Abstract
The conversion of solar energy into electricity via the photovoltaic (PV) effect has been rapidly developing in the last decades due to its potential for transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy based economies. In particular, the advances in PV technology and on the economy of scale permitted to reduce the cost of the energy produced with solar cells down to the energy cost of conventional fossil fuel. Thus, PV will play an important role to address the biggest challenges of our planet including global warming, climate change and air pollution. In this paper, we will introduce the photovoltaic technology recalling the working principle of the photovoltaic conversion and describing the different PV available on the market and under development. In the last section, we will focus more on the emerging technology of the halide perovskite, which is the research subject of the authors.
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91
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Effect of energy transfer on the optical properties of surface-passivated perovskite films with CdSe/ZnS quantum dots. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18433. [PMID: 31804551 PMCID: PMC6895127 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54860-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface passivation is an effective method to protect the surfaces and improve the luminescence properties of perovskite (PS) films. CdSe/ZnS core-shell quantum dots (QDs) have been employed for surface passivation of PS films because of their size-dependent tunable bandgaps. Herein, the energy transfer (ET) behavior of CH3NH3PbI2Br PS films covered with CdSe/ZnS QDs (QD/PS hybrid structures) is characterized by using photoluminescence (PL) and time-resolved PL spectroscopy. The PL decay time and the integrated PL intensity of the QD/PS hybrid structure increase compared with those of the bare PS films, owing to ET from the QDs to the PS and reduced charge traps. The ET efficiency increases from ~7% to 63% for the QD/PS hybrid structure when the core diameter of the QDs decreases from 6.5 to 2.7 nm, respectively. This can be explained by the charge transfer rate enhancement due to the control of energy level alignment of QDs. These results allow us to understand fundamental mechanisms such as ET from QDs to PS films as a function of the size of the QD.
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92
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Kim Y, Chang JH, Choi H, Kim YH, Bae WK, Jeong S. III-V colloidal nanocrystals: control of covalent surfaces. Chem Sci 2019; 11:913-922. [PMID: 34084346 PMCID: PMC8145357 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc04290c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Colloidal quantum dots (QDs) are nanosized semiconductors whose electronic features are dictated by the quantum confinement effect. The optical, electrical, and chemical properties of QDs are influenced by their dimensions and surface landscape. The surface of II-VI and IV-VI QDs has been extensively explored; however, in-depth investigations on the surface of III-V QDs are still lagging behind. This Perspective discusses the current understanding of the surface of III-V QDs, outlines deep trap states presented by surface defects, and suggests strategies to overcome challenges associated with deep traps. Lastly, we discuss a route to create well-defined facets in III-V QDs by providing a platform for surface studies and a recently reported approach in atomistic understanding of covalent III-V QD surfaces using the electron counting model with fractional dangling bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngsik Kim
- Department of Energy Science, Center for Artificial Atoms, Sungkyunkwan University Suwon-si Gyeonggi-do 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hyuk Chang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Hyekyoung Choi
- Department of Energy Science, Center for Artificial Atoms, Sungkyunkwan University Suwon-si Gyeonggi-do 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Hyun Kim
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Wan Ki Bae
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Center for Artificial Atoms, Sungkyunkwan University Suwon-si Gyeonggi-do 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Sohee Jeong
- Department of Energy Science, Center for Artificial Atoms, Sungkyunkwan University Suwon-si Gyeonggi-do 16419 Republic of Korea
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93
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Yin J, Cogan NMB, Burke R, Hou Z, Sowers KL, Krauss TD. Size dependence of photocatalytic hydrogen generation for CdTe quantum dots. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:174707. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5125000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Yin
- Institute of Optics and Electronics Chinese Academy Science, Chengdu, Sichuan 610209, China
| | - Nicole M. B. Cogan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - Rebeckah Burke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - Zhentao Hou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - Kelly L. Sowers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - Todd D. Krauss
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
- The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
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94
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Hazra M, Datta J. Optimal Blending of PbSe and CdSe in Polycrystalline PbCdSe Nanocomposite Film: Improved Carrier Multiplication and Enhanced Photoconversion Efficiency. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:40393-40405. [PMID: 31589017 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b10044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present work reports galvanostatic electro-co-deposition of n-PbCdSe semiconductor (SC) films on FTO substrate from the respective precursors. Self-designed matrices were formulated at variable concentrations of Pb2+ in the deposition medium. The semiconductor films constitute an intermixed structure of close-packed PbSe and CdSe nanoparticles (NPs), and the band gap (Eg) was effectively tuned in the range 0.99-1.47 eV for the variable compositions. Energy dispersive spectroscopy studies revealed that Cd exists in low level in the film matrix compared to Pb, presumably due to competitive deposition kinetics of the two chalcogenide compounds and the crystallite sizes determined from XRD studies, ranges between 15 and 12 nm, which corresponds to the size quenching of SC-NPs with increased Pb2+ concentration. The durability studies identify the most stable film developed at 0.025 M Pb2+ concentration. PbSe materials are typically characterized with impact ionization which effectively induces carrier multiplication (CM) in the quasi Type-II PbCdSe composite, exhibiting reasonably high photoconversion efficiency (PCE) of 6.14% with current output of 19.2 mA cm-2 for the optimal PbCdSe film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukul Hazra
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology , Shibpur , Howrah 711 103 , India
- Department of Chemistry, Renewable Energy Research Centre , Heritage Institute of Technology , Kolkata 700 107 , India
| | - Jayati Datta
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology , Shibpur , Howrah 711 103 , India
- Department of Chemistry, Renewable Energy Research Centre , Heritage Institute of Technology , Kolkata 700 107 , India
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95
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Califano M, Skibinsky-Gitlin ES, Gómez-Campos FM, Rodríguez-Bolívar S. New strategies for colloidal-quantum-dot-based intermediate-band solar cells. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:154101. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5121360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Califano
- Pollard Institute, School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, and Bragg Centre for Materials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Erik S. Skibinsky-Gitlin
- Departamento de Electrónica y Tecnología de Computadores, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco M. Gómez-Campos
- Departamento de Electrónica y Tecnología de Computadores, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- CITIC-UGR, C/ Periodista Rafael Gómez Montero, n 2, Granada, Spain
| | - Salvador Rodríguez-Bolívar
- Departamento de Electrónica y Tecnología de Computadores, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- CITIC-UGR, C/ Periodista Rafael Gómez Montero, n 2, Granada, Spain
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96
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Märker B, Hiller J, Wackenhut F, Braun K, Meixner A, Scheele M. Simultaneous positive and negative optical patterning with dye-sensitized CdSe quantum dots. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:141102. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5124232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Björn Märker
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jonas Hiller
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Frank Wackenhut
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kai Braun
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alfred Meixner
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Sensors and Analytics LISA+, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marcus Scheele
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Sensors and Analytics LISA+, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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97
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Parobek D, Qiao T, Son DH. Energetic hot electrons from exciton-to-hot electron upconversion in Mn-doped semiconductor nanocrystals. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:120901. [PMID: 31575181 DOI: 10.1063/1.5119398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Generation of hot electrons and their utilization in photoinduced chemical processes have been the subjects of intense research in recent years mostly exploring hot electrons in plasmonic metal nanostructures created via decay of optically excited plasmon. Here, we present recent progress made in generation and utilization of a different type of hot electrons produced via biphotonic exciton-to-hot electron "upconversion" in Mn-doped semiconductor nanocrystals. Compared to the plasmonic hot electrons, those produced via biphotonic upconversion in Mn-doped semiconductor nanocrystals possess much higher energy, enabling more efficient long-range electron transfer across the high energy barrier. They can even be ejected above the vacuum level creating photoelectrons, which can possibly produce solvated electrons. Despite the biphotonic nature of the upconversion process, hot electrons can be generated with weak cw excitation equivalent to the concentrated solar radiation without requiring intense or high-energy photons. This perspective reviews recent work elucidating the mechanism of generating energetic hot electrons in Mn-doped semiconductor nanocrystals, detection of these hot electrons as photocurrent or photoelectron emission, and their utilization in chemical processes such as photocatalysis. New opportunities that the energetic hot electrons can open by creating solvated electrons, which can be viewed as the longer-lived and mobile version of hot electrons more useful for chemical processes, and the challenges in practical utilization of energetic hot electrons are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Parobek
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Tian Qiao
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Dong Hee Son
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
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98
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Green PB, Li Z, Wilson MWB. PbS Nanocrystals Made with Excess PbCl 2 Have an Intrinsic Shell that Reduces Their Stokes Shift. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:5897-5901. [PMID: 31536364 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b01841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The use of excess PbCl2 in the synthesis of PbS nanocrystals has become a convenient route to produce narrow-line-width infrared emitters. However, these materials have found limited adoption in optoelectronic devices-even compared to PbS nanocrystals prepared with lead oleate. Here, using both transmission electron microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering, we show that excess PbCl2 results in larger-diameter PbS nanocrystals for the same excitonic features, which is consistent with the formation of an intrinsic insulating shell. We observe further differences in excess-lead-chloride nanocrystals consistent with a shell, including lattice strain and smaller Stokes shifts for intermediate sizes (⌀: 4.8-6.8 nm) that match the passivation/rigidification predicted for a chloride-terminate surface. Our results clarify and rationalize the divergent properties of PbS nanocrystals prepared using different synthetic methodologies, give guidance for device implementation, and offer a new target for synthetic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe B Green
- Department of Chemistry , University of Toronto , Toronto M5S3H6 , Ontario , Canada
| | - Ziqi Li
- Department of Chemistry , University of Toronto , Toronto M5S3H6 , Ontario , Canada
| | - Mark W B Wilson
- Department of Chemistry , University of Toronto , Toronto M5S3H6 , Ontario , Canada
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99
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Consonni V, Briscoe J, Kärber E, Li X, Cossuet T. ZnO nanowires for solar cells: a comprehensive review. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:362001. [PMID: 31051478 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab1f2e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
As an abundant and non-toxic wide band gap semiconductor with a high electron mobility, ZnO in the form of nanowires (NWs) has emerged as an important electron transporting material in a vast number of nanostructured solar cells. ZnO NWs are grown by low-cost chemical deposition techniques and their integration into solar cells presents, in principle, significant advantages including efficient optical absorption through light trapping phenomena and enhanced charge carrier separation and collection. However, they also raise some significant issues related to the control of the interface properties and to the technological integration. The present review is intended to report a detailed analysis of the state-of-the-art of all types of nanostructured solar cells integrating ZnO NWs, including extremely thin absorber solar cells, quantum dot solar cells, dye-sensitized solar cells, organic and hybrid solar cells, as well as halide perovskite-based solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Consonni
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP, F-38000 Grenoble, France
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100
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Greaney MJ, Joy J, Combs BA, Das S, Buckley JJ, Bradforth SE, Brutchey RL. Effects of interfacial ligand type on hybrid P3HT:CdSe quantum dot solar cell device parameters. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:074704. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5114932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Greaney
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Jimmy Joy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Blair A. Combs
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Saptaparna Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Jannise J. Buckley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Stephen E. Bradforth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Richard L. Brutchey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
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