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Li P, Qi B, Li K, Xu J, Liu M, Gu X, Niu X, Fan Y. Study on the formation and properties of red blood cell-like Fe 3O 4/TbLa 3(Bim) 12/PLGA composite particles. RSC Adv 2018; 8:12503-12516. [PMID: 35541231 PMCID: PMC9079432 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra00145f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides the particle size and surface performance, the shape also plays a key role in drug delivery systems. Red blood cells are the most abundant blood cells in the human body, and are excellent oxygen carriers, due to their unique biconcave discoid shape. In this study, red blood cell (RBC)-like Fe3O4/TbLa3(Bim)12/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) composite particles, with magnetic response and bioimaging functions, were prepared by electrospraying. Various electrospraying parameters, such as solvent, PLGA concentration, collecting distance and solution flow rate were investigated in detail to attempt to obtain RBC-like composite particles. The size distribution, morphology, structure, and hydrophobicity-hydrophilicity of particles were characterized. The results revealed the RBC-like Fe3O4/TbLa3(Bim)12/PLGA composite particles exhibited a strong green fluorescence and good magnetic behavior even when incubated with cells. Furthermore, the intensity of the magnetization and fluorescence can be adjusted by changing the contents of Fe3O4 and TbLa3(Bim)12. The effect on cell viability of the RBC-like Fe3O4/TbLa3(Bim)12/PLGA composite particles was evaluated in A549 cells and RBCs, and it was determined to have low cytotoxicity and excellent blood biocompatibility, suggesting that it is a promising candidate for application in drug delivery, targeting and tracking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Ministry of Education, Beihang University Beijing 100083 China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University Beijing 100083 China
| | - Bing Qi
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Ministry of Education, Beihang University Beijing 100083 China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University Beijing 100083 China
| | - Kun Li
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Ministry of Education, Beihang University Beijing 100083 China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University Beijing 100083 China
| | - Junwei Xu
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Ministry of Education, Beihang University Beijing 100083 China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University Beijing 100083 China
| | - Meili Liu
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Ministry of Education, Beihang University Beijing 100083 China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University Beijing 100083 China
| | - Xuenan Gu
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Ministry of Education, Beihang University Beijing 100083 China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University Beijing 100083 China
| | - Xufeng Niu
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Ministry of Education, Beihang University Beijing 100083 China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University Beijing 100083 China
| | - Yubo Fan
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Ministry of Education, Beihang University Beijing 100083 China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University Beijing 100083 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Technical Aids for Old-Age Disability, National Research Center for Rehabilitation Technical Aids Beijing 100176 China
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Nordenström M, Riazanova AV, Järn M, Paulraj T, Turner C, Ström V, Olsson RT, Svagan AJ. Superamphiphobic coatings based on liquid-core microcapsules with engineered capsule walls and functionality. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3647. [PMID: 29483613 PMCID: PMC5832152 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21957-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Microcapsules with specific functional properties, related to the capsule wall and core, are highly desired in a number of applications. In this study, hybrid cellulose microcapsules (1.2 ± 0.4 µm in diameter) were prepared by nanoengineering the outer walls of precursor capsules. Depending on the preparation route, capsules with different surface roughness (raspberry or broccoli-like), and thereby different wetting properties, could be obtained. The tunable surface roughness was achieved as a result of the chemical and structural properties of the outer wall of a precursor capsule, which combined with a new processing route allowed in-situ formation of silica nanoparticles (30–40 nm or 70 nm in diameter). By coating glass slides with “broccoli-like” microcapsules (30–40 nm silica nanoparticles), static contact angles above 150° and roll-off angles below 6° were obtained for both water and low surface-tension oil (hexadecane), rendering the substrate superamphiphobic. As a comparison, coatings from raspberry-like capsules were only strongly oleophobic and hydrophobic. The liquid-core of the capsules opens great opportunities to incorporate different functionalities and here hydrophobic superparamagnetic nanoparticles (SPIONs) were encapsulated. As a result, magnetic broccoli-like microcapsules formed an excellent superamphiphobic coating-layer on a curved geometry by simply applying an external magnetic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin Nordenström
- KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Stockholm, SE-100 44, Sweden.,WWSC Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Stockholm, SE-100 44, Sweden
| | - Anastasia V Riazanova
- KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Stockholm, SE-100 44, Sweden.,WWSC Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Stockholm, SE-100 44, Sweden
| | - Mikael Järn
- RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Division of Biosciences and Materials, Stockholm, SE-114 28, Sweden
| | - Thomas Paulraj
- KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Stockholm, SE-100 44, Sweden.,WWSC Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Stockholm, SE-100 44, Sweden
| | - Charlotta Turner
- Lund University, Department of Chemistry, Lund, SE-221 00, Sweden
| | - Valter Ström
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stockholm, SE-100 44, Sweden
| | - Richard T Olsson
- KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Stockholm, SE-100 44, Sweden
| | - Anna J Svagan
- KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Stockholm, SE-100 44, Sweden. .,WWSC Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Stockholm, SE-100 44, Sweden.
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Abstract
With the discovery of graphene, significant research has focused on the synthesis, characterization, and applications of ultrathin materials. Graphene has also brought into focus other ultrathin materials composed of organics, polymers, inorganics, and their hybrids. Together, these ultrathin materials have unique properties of broad significance. For example, ultrathin materials have a large surface area and high flexibility which can enhance conformal contact in wearables and sensors leading to improved sensitivity. When porous, the short transverse diffusion length in these materials allows rapid mass transport. Alternatively, when impermeable, these materials behave as an ultrathin barrier. Such controlled permeability is critical in the design of encapsulation and drug delivery systems. Finally, ultrathin materials often feature defect-free and single-crystal-like two-dimensional atomic structures resulting in superior mechanical, optical, and electrical properties. A unique property of ultrathin materials is their low bending rigidity, which suggests that they could easily be bent, curved, or folded into 3D shapes. In this Account, we review the emerging field of 2D to 3D shape transformations of ultrathin materials. We broadly define ultrathin to include materials with a thickness below 100 nm and composed of a range of organic, inorganic, and hybrid compositions. This topic is important for both fundamental and applied reasons. Fundamentally, bending and curving of ultrathin films can cause atomistic and molecular strain which can alter their physical and chemical properties and lead to new 3D forms of matter which behave very differently from their planar precursors. Shape change can also lead to new 3D architectures with significantly smaller form factors. For example, 3D ultrathin materials would occupy a smaller space in on-chip devices or could permeate through tortuous media which is important for miniaturized robots and smart dust applications. Our Account highlights several differences between ultrathin and traditional shape change materials. The latter is typically associated with hydrogels, liquid crystals, or shape memory elastomers. As compared to bulk materials, ultrathin materials can much more easily bend and fold due to the significantly reduced bending modulus. Consequently, it takes much less energy to alter the shape of ultrathin materials, and even small environmental stimuli can trigger a large response. Further, the energy barriers between different configurations are small which allow a variety of conformations and enhances programmability. Finally, due to their ultrathin nature, the shape changes are typically not slowed down by sluggish mass or thermal transport, and thus, responses can be much faster than those of bulk materials. The latter point is important in the design of high-speed actuators. Consequently, ultrathin materials could enable low-power, rapid, programmable, and complex shape transformations in response to a broad range of stimuli such as pH, temperature, electromagnetic fields, or chemical environments. The Account also includes a discussion of applications, important challenges, and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weinan Xu
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Kam Sang Kwok
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - David H. Gracias
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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Labriola NR, Azagury A, Gutierrez R, Mathiowitz E, Darling EM. Concise Review: Fabrication, Customization, and Application of Cell Mimicking Microparticles in Stem Cell Science. Stem Cells Transl Med 2018; 7:232-240. [PMID: 29316362 PMCID: PMC5788880 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.17-0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem and non-stem cell behavior is heavily influenced by the surrounding microenvironment, which includes other cells, matrix, and potentially biomaterials. Researchers have been successful in developing scaffolds and encapsulation techniques to provide stem cells with mechanical, topographical, and chemical cues to selectively direct them toward a desired differentiation pathway. However, most of these systems fail to present truly physiological replications of the in vivo microenvironments that stem cells are typically exposed to in tissues. Thus, cell mimicking microparticles (CMMPs) have been developed to more accurately recapitulate the properties of surrounding cells while still offering ways to tailor what stimuli are presented. This nascent field holds the promise of reducing, or even eliminating, the need for live cells in select, regenerative medicine therapies, and diagnostic applications. Recent, CMMP-based studies show great promise for the technology, yet only reproduce a small subset of cellular characteristics from among those possible: size, morphology, topography, mechanical properties, surface molecules, and tailored chemical release to name the most prominent. This Review summarizes the strengths, weaknesses, and ideal applications of micro/nanoparticle fabrication and customization methods relevant to cell mimicking and provides an outlook on the future of this technology. Moving forward, researchers should seek to combine multiple techniques to yield CMMPs that replicate as many cellular characteristics as possible, with an emphasis on those that most strongly influence the desired therapeutic effects. The level of flexibility in customizing CMMP properties allows them to substitute for cells in a variety of regenerative medicine, drug delivery, and diagnostic systems. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2018;7:232-240.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aharon Azagury
- Department of Molecular PharmacologyPhysiology, and Biotechnology, Brown University, ProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
| | - Robert Gutierrez
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, ProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
| | - Edith Mathiowitz
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, ProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
- Department of Molecular PharmacologyPhysiology, and Biotechnology, Brown University, ProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
- School of Engineering, Brown University, ProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
| | - Eric M. Darling
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, ProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
- Department of Molecular PharmacologyPhysiology, and Biotechnology, Brown University, ProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
- School of Engineering, Brown University, ProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
- Department of OrthopaedicsBrown University, ProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
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Liu X, Zheng H, Li G, Li H, Zhang P, Tong W, Gao C. Fabrication of polyurethane microcapsules with different shapes and their influence on cellular internalization. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 158:675-681. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Cai K, Wang AZ, Yin L, Cheng J. Bio-nano interface: The impact of biological environment on nanomaterials and their delivery properties. J Control Release 2017; 263:211-222. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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58
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Zhong S, Zhang H, Liu Y, Wang G, Shi C, Li Z, Feng Y, Cui X. Folic acid functionalized reduction-responsive magnetic chitosan nanocapsules for targeted delivery and triggered release of drugs. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 168:282-289. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.03.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Garapaty A, Champion JA. Tunable particles alter macrophage uptake based on combinatorial effects of physical properties. Bioeng Transl Med 2017; 2:92-101. [PMID: 29313025 PMCID: PMC5689517 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to tune phagocytosis of particle-based therapeutics by macrophages can enhance their delivery to macrophages or reduce their phagocytic susceptibility for delivery to non-phagocytic cells. Since phagocytosis is affected by the physical and chemical properties of particles, it is crucial to identify any interplay between physical properties of particles in altering phagocytic interactions. The combinatorial effect of physical properties size, shape and stiffness was investigated on Fc receptor mediated macrophage interactions by fabrication of layer-by-layer tunable particles of constant surface chemistry. Our results highlight how changing particle stiffness affects phagocytic interaction intricately when combined with varying size or shape. Increase in size plays a dominant role over reduction in stiffness in reducing internalization by macrophages for spherical particles. Internalization of rod-shaped, but not spherical particles, was highly dependent on stiffness. These particles demonstrate the interplay between size, shape and stiffness in interactions of Fc-functionalized particles with macrophages during phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusha Garapaty
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular EngineeringGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30332
| | - Julie A. Champion
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular EngineeringGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30332
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60
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Liu X, Appelhans D, Wei Q, Voit B. Photo-Cross-Linked Dual-Responsive Hollow Capsules Mimicking Cell Membrane for Controllable Cargo Post-Encapsulation and Release. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2017; 4:1600308. [PMID: 28331784 PMCID: PMC5357983 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201600308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctional and responsive hollow capsules are ideal candidates to establish highly sophisticated compartments mimicking cell membranes for controllable bio-inspired functions. For this purpose pH and temperature dual-responsive and photo-cross-linked hollow capsules, based on silica-templated layer-by-layer approach by using poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide)-block-polymethacrylate) and polyallylamine, have been prepared to use them for the subsequent and easily available post-encapsulation process of protein-like macromolecules at room temperature and pH 7.4 and their controllable release triggered by stimuli. The uptake and release properties of the hollow capsules for cargos are highly affected by changes in the external stimuli temperature (25, 37, or 45 °C) and internal stimuli pH of the phosphate-containing buffer solution (5.5 or 7.4), by the degree of photo-cross-linking, and the size of cargo. The photo-cross-linked and dual stimuli-responsive hollow capsules with different membrane permeability can be considered as attractive material for mimicking cell functions triggered by controllable uptake and release of different up to 11 nm sized biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Liu
- Leibniz‐Institute für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V.Hohe Straße 6D‐01069DresdenGermany
- Organic Chemistry of PolymersTechnische Universität DresdenD‐01062DresdenGermany
| | - Dietmar Appelhans
- Leibniz‐Institute für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V.Hohe Straße 6D‐01069DresdenGermany
| | - Qiang Wei
- Leibniz‐Institute für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V.Hohe Straße 6D‐01069DresdenGermany
- Organic Chemistry of PolymersTechnische Universität DresdenD‐01062DresdenGermany
| | - Brigitte Voit
- Leibniz‐Institute für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V.Hohe Straße 6D‐01069DresdenGermany
- Organic Chemistry of PolymersTechnische Universität DresdenD‐01062DresdenGermany
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61
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Xue B, Kozlovskaya V, Kharlampieva E. Shaped stimuli-responsive hydrogel particles: syntheses, properties and biological responses. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:9-35. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb02746f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes a pool of current experimental approaches and discusses perspectives in the development of the synergistic combination of shape and stimuli-response in particulate hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Xue
- Chemistry Department
- University of Alabama at Birmingham
- USA
| | | | - Eugenia Kharlampieva
- Chemistry Department
- University of Alabama at Birmingham
- USA
- Center for Nanomaterials and Biointegration
- University of Alabama at Birmingham
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62
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Lai WF, He ZD. Design and fabrication of hydrogel-based nanoparticulate systems for in vivo drug delivery. J Control Release 2016; 243:269-282. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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63
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Kozlovskaya V, Xue B, Kharlampieva E. Shape-Adaptable Polymeric Particles for Controlled Delivery. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Kozlovskaya
- Chemistry Department and ‡Center for Nanomaterials
and Biointegration, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
| | - Bing Xue
- Chemistry Department and ‡Center for Nanomaterials
and Biointegration, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
| | - Eugenia Kharlampieva
- Chemistry Department and ‡Center for Nanomaterials
and Biointegration, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
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64
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Donatan S, Yashchenok A, Khan N, Parakhonskiy B, Cocquyt M, Pinchasik BE, Khalenkow D, Möhwald H, Konrad M, Skirtach A. Loading Capacity versus Enzyme Activity in Anisotropic and Spherical Calcium Carbonate Microparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:14284-92. [PMID: 27166641 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b03492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A new method of fabrication of calcium carbonate microparticles of ellipsoidal, rhomboidal, and spherical geometries is reported by adjusting the relative concentration ratios of the initial salt solutions and/or the ethylene glycol content in the reaction medium. Morphology, porosity, crystallinity, and loading capacity of synthesized CaCO3 templates were characterized in detail. Particles harboring dextran or the enzyme guanylate kinase were obtained through encapsulation of these macromolecules using the layer-by-layer assembly technique to deposit positively and negatively charged polymers on these differently shaped CaCO3 templates and were characterized by confocal laser scanning fluorescence microscopy, fluorometric techniques, and enzyme activity measurements. The enzymatic activity, an important application of such porous particles and containers, has been analyzed in comparison with the loading capacity and geometry. Our results reveal that the particles' shape influences morphology of particles and that, as a result, affects the activity of the encapsulated enzymes, in addition to the earlier reported influence on cellular uptake. These particles are promising candidates for efficient drug delivery due to their relatively high loading capacity, biocompatibility, and easy fabrication and handling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senem Donatan
- Department of Interfaces, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Golm/Potsdam D-14476, Germany
| | - Alexey Yashchenok
- Department of Interfaces, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Golm/Potsdam D-14476, Germany
- Remote Controlled Theranostic Systems Lab, Institute of Nanostructres and Biosystems, Saratov State University , 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - Nazimuddin Khan
- Enzyme Biochemistry Group, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry , Göttingen D-37077, Germany
| | - Bogdan Parakhonskiy
- A.V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography RAS , 119333 Moscow, Russia
- Remote Controlled Theranostic Systems Lab, Institute of Nanostructres and Biosystems, Saratov State University , 410012 Saratov, Russia
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, NB-Photonics Group, Ghent University , Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Melissa Cocquyt
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, NB-Photonics Group, Ghent University , Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Bat-El Pinchasik
- Department of Interfaces, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Golm/Potsdam D-14476, Germany
- Department of Physics at Interfaces, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Dmitry Khalenkow
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, NB-Photonics Group, Ghent University , Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Helmuth Möhwald
- Department of Interfaces, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Golm/Potsdam D-14476, Germany
| | - Manfred Konrad
- Enzyme Biochemistry Group, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry , Göttingen D-37077, Germany
| | - Andre Skirtach
- Department of Interfaces, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Golm/Potsdam D-14476, Germany
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, NB-Photonics Group, Ghent University , Ghent 9000, Belgium
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65
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Li H, Zhang W, Tong W, Gao C. Enhanced Cellular Uptake of Bowl-like Microcapsules. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:11210-4. [PMID: 27119770 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b02965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Among several properties of colloidal particles, shape is emerging as an important parameter for tailoring the interactions between particles and cells. In this study, bowl-like multilayer microcapsules were prepared by osmotic-induced invagination of their spherical counterparts in a concentrated polyelectrolyte solution. The internalization behaviors of bowl-like and spherical microcapsules were compared by coincubation with smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and macrophages. The bowl-like capsules tended to attach onto the cell membranes from the bend side and could be enwrapped by the membranes of SMCs, leading to a faster uptake rate and larger accumulation inside cells than those of their spherical counterparts. These results are important for understanding the shape-dependent internalization behavior, providing useful guidance for further materials design especially in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Wenbo Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Weijun Tong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Changyou Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 China
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66
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Myerson JW, Anselmo AC, Liu Y, Mitragotri S, Eckmann DM, Muzykantov VR. Non-affinity factors modulating vascular targeting of nano- and microcarriers. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 99:97-112. [PMID: 26596696 PMCID: PMC4798918 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Particles capable of homing and adhering to specific vascular biomarkers have potential as fundamental tools in drug delivery for mediation of a wide variety of pathologies, including inflammation, thrombosis, and pulmonary disorders. The presentation of affinity ligands on the surface of a particle provides a means of targeting the particle to sites of therapeutic interest, but a host of other factors come into play in determining the targeting capacity of the particle. This review presents a summary of several key considerations in nano- and microparticle design that modulate targeted delivery without directly altering epitope-specific affinity. Namely, we describe the effect of factors in definition of the base carrier (including shape, size, and flexibility) on the capacity of carriers to access, adhere to, and integrate in target biological milieus. Furthermore, we present a summary of fundamental dynamics of carrier behavior in circulation, taking into account interactions with cells in circulation and the role of hemodynamics in mediating the direction of carriers to target sites. Finally, we note non-affinity aspects to uptake and intracellular trafficking of carriers in target cells. In total, recent findings presented here may offer an opportunity to capitalize on mitigating factors in the behavior of ligand-targeted carriers in order to optimize targeting.
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67
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhou
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel Hill North Carolina27599
| | - Sergei S. Sheiko
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel Hill North Carolina27599
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68
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Reversible thermal-tunable drug delivery across nano-membranes of hollow PUA/PSS multilayer microcapsules. J Memb Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2015.10.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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69
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The Importance of Particle Geometry in Design of Therapeutic and Imaging Nanovectors. ADVANCES IN DELIVERY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3634-2_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Alexander JF, Kozlovskaya V, Chen J, Kuncewicz T, Kharlampieva E, Godin B. Cubical Shape Enhances the Interaction of Layer-by-Layer Polymeric Particles with Breast Cancer Cells. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:2657-2666. [PMID: 26424126 PMCID: PMC4715610 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Blood-borne objects display a nonspherical shape with in-flow dimensions much larger than the vascular endothelial fenestrations, yet, at the diseased state, are able to traverse through these fenestrations owing to their elasticity. The role of physical parameters including shape and elasticity in the behavior of objects found in the tumor microenvironment needs to be understood to ultimately enhance chemotherapy and minimize its side effects. In this study, sphere- and cube-shaped biocompatible elastic microparticles (EM) made via layer-by-layer assembly of hydrogen-bonded tannic acid/poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (TA/PVPON) as hollow polymer shells and their rigid core-shell precursors (RM) are explored. In contrast to rigid five-bilayer (TA/PVPON) core shells, hollow elastic shells are unrecognized by J774A.1 macrophages, yet interact with endothelial and breast cancer cells. Internalization of cubical shells is fivefold more efficient by HMVEC (human microvascular endothelial cells) and sixfold and 2.5-fold more efficient by MDA-MB-231 and by SUM159 (breast cancer cells), respectively, compared to spherical shells. The interaction of cubical (TA/PVPON)5 shells with endothelial cells is similar under 10 s(-1) (characteristic of tumor vasculature) and 100 s(-1) shear rate (normal vasculature) while it is decreased at 100 s(-1) shear rate for the spherical shells. Our data suggest that cubical geometry promotes interaction of particles with breast cancer cells, while elasticity prevents engulfment by phagocytic cells in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenolyn F. Alexander
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Veronika Kozlovskaya
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
| | - Thomas Kuncewicz
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Eugenia Kharlampieva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
- Center for Nanoscale Materials and Biointegration, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
| | - Biana Godin
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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71
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Kozlovskaya V, Zavgorodnya O, Ankner JF, Kharlampieva E. Controlling Internal Organization of Multilayer Poly(methacrylic acid) Hydrogels with Polymer Molecular Weight. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John F. Ankner
- Spallation
Neutron Source, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
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72
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Zavgorodnya O, Kozlovskaya V, Kharlampieva E. Nanostructured highly-swollen hydrogels: Complexation with amino acids through copper (II) ions. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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73
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Chen L, An HZ, Doyle PS. Synthesis of Nonspherical Microcapsules through Controlled Polyelectrolyte Coating of Hydrogel Templates. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:9228-35. [PMID: 26244815 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b02200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
We report a simple approach to fabricate custom-shape microcapsules using hydrogel templates synthesized by stop flow lithography. Cargo-containing microcapsules were made by coating hydrogel particles with a single layer of poly-l-lysine followed by a one-step core degradation and capsule cross-linking procedure. We determined appropriate coating conditions by investigating the effect of pH, ionic strength, and prepolymer composition on the diffusion of polyelectrolytes into the oppositely charged hydrogel template. We also characterized the degradation of the templating core by tracking the diffusivity of nanoparticles embedded within the hydrogel. Unlike any other technique, this approach allows for easy fabrication of microcapsules with internal features (e.g., toroids) and selective surface modification of Janus particles using any polyelectrolyte. These soft, flexible capsules may be useful for therapeutic applications as well as fundamental studies of membrane mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynna Chen
- Department of Biological Engineering and ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Harry Z An
- Department of Biological Engineering and ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Patrick S Doyle
- Department of Biological Engineering and ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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74
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Xue B, Kozlovskaya V, Liu F, Chen J, Williams JF, Campos-Gomez J, Saeed M, Kharlampieva E. Intracellular Degradable Hydrogel Cubes and Spheres for Anti-Cancer Drug Delivery. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:13633-13644. [PMID: 26028158 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b03360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Shape and responsiveness of nanoengineered delivery carriers are crucial characteristics for rapid and efficient delivery of therapeutics. We report on a novel type of micrometer-sized hydrogel particles of controlled shape with dual pH- and redox-sensitivity for intracellular delivery of anticancer drugs. The cubical and spherical poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) networks with disulfide links are obtained by cross-linking PMAA with cystamine within hydrogen-bonded multilayers of PMAA/poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PMAA/PVPON) on sacrificial mesoporous templates. The pH-triggered hydrogel swelling/shrinkage not only affords effective doxorubicin entrapment but also efficient endosomal/lysosomal escape, and redox-triggered degradation provides drug release into the cytosolic space. The hydrogels degrade rapidly to low molecular weight chains in the presence of the typical intracellular concentration of glutathione, which should ensure a rapid renal clearance in vivo. Particle shape is found to affect internalization at the initial step of cell-particle interactions. Drug-loaded spherical particles are found to be 12% more cytotoxic than the corresponding cubes within the first 10 h of cell incubation suggesting more rapid internalization of spheres. Both doxorubicin-loaded hydrogel cubes and spheres demonstrate 50% and 90% cytotoxicity when incubated with HeLa cancer cells for 24 and 48 h, respectively. The presented approach integrates the advantages of pH-sensitivity, enzymatic degradation, and shape-regulated internalization for novel types of "intelligent" three-dimensional networks with programmable behavior for use in controlled delivery of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Javier Campos-Gomez
- ‡Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Southern Research Institute, Drug Discovery Division, Birmingham, Alabama 35205, United States
| | - Mohammad Saeed
- ‡Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Southern Research Institute, Drug Discovery Division, Birmingham, Alabama 35205, United States
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75
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Sun J, Su C, Zhang X, Yin W, Xu J, Yang S. Reversible swelling-shrinking behavior of hydrogen-bonded free-standing thin film stabilized by catechol reaction. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:5147-5154. [PMID: 25899235 DOI: 10.1021/la5048479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine-modified poly(acrylic acid) (PAA-dopa) and poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVPON) was layer-by-layer (LbL) assembled to prepare thin film based on hydrogen bonding. The carboxylic group of acrylic acid and the phenolic hydroxyl group of dopamine can both act as hydrogen bond donors. The critical assembly and the critical disintegration pH values of PVPON/PAA-dopa film are enhanced compared with PVPON/PAA film. The hydrogen-bonded PVPON/PAA-dopa thin film can be cross-linked via catechol chemistry of dopamine. After cross-linking, the film can be exfoliated from the substrate in alkaline solution to get a free-standing film. Moreover, by tuning the pH value, deprotonation and protonation of PAA will make the hydrogen bond in the film break and reconstruct, which induces that the free-standing film has a reversible swelling-shrinking behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxing Sun
- †State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Chao Su
- †State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xuejian Zhang
- †State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Wenjing Yin
- †State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Jian Xu
- ‡Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Shuguang Yang
- †State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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76
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Monge C, Almodóvar J, Boudou T, Picart C. Spatio-Temporal Control of LbL Films for Biomedical Applications: From 2D to 3D. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:811-30. [PMID: 25627563 PMCID: PMC4540079 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201400715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduced in the '90s by Prof. Moehwald, Lvov, and Decher, the layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly of polyelectrolytes has become a popular technique to engineer various types of objects such as films, capsules and free standing membranes, with an unprecedented control at the nanometer and micrometer scales. The LbL technique allows to engineer biofunctional surface coatings, which may be dedicated to biomedical applications in vivo but also to fundamental studies and diagnosis in vitro. Initially mostly developed as 2D coatings and hollow capsules, the range of complex objects created by the LbL technique has greatly expanded in the past 10 years. In this Review, the aim is to highlight the recent progress in the field of LbL films for biomedical applications and to discuss the various ways to spatially and temporally control the biochemical and mechanical properties of multilayers. In particular, three major developments of LbL films are discussed: 1) the new methods and templates to engineer LbL films and control cellular processes from adhesion to differentiation, 2) the major ways to achieve temporal control by chemical, biological and physical triggers and, 3) the combinations of LbL technique, cells and scaffolds for repairing 3D tissues, including cardio-vascular devices, bone implants and neuro-prosthetic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Monge
- CNRS, UMR 5628, LMGP, 3 parvis Louis Néel, F-38016, Grenoble, France; Université de Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institute of Technology, 3 parvis Louis Néel, F-38016, Grenoble, France
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77
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Cui F, Lin J, Li Y, Li Y, Wu H, Yu F, Jia M, Yang X, Wu S, Xie L, Ye S, Luo F, Hou Z. Bacillus-Shape Design of Polymer Based Drug Delivery Systems with Janus-Faced Function for Synergistic Targeted Drug Delivery and More Effective Cancer Therapy. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:1318-27. [DOI: 10.1021/mp500464b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Cui
- Department
of Biomaterials, Research Center of Biomedical Engineering, Institute
of Soft Matter and Biomimetics, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jinyan Lin
- Department
of Biomaterials, Research Center of Biomedical Engineering, Institute
of Soft Matter and Biomimetics, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department
of Biomaterials, Research Center of Biomedical Engineering, Institute
of Soft Matter and Biomimetics, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yanxiu Li
- Department
of Biomaterials, Research Center of Biomedical Engineering, Institute
of Soft Matter and Biomimetics, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Hongjie Wu
- Department
of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Fei Yu
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Mengmeng Jia
- Department
of Biomaterials, Research Center of Biomedical Engineering, Institute
of Soft Matter and Biomimetics, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiangrui Yang
- Department
of Biomaterials, Research Center of Biomedical Engineering, Institute
of Soft Matter and Biomimetics, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Shichao Wu
- Department
of Biomaterials, Research Center of Biomedical Engineering, Institute
of Soft Matter and Biomimetics, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Liya Xie
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361002, China
| | - Shefang Ye
- Department
of Biomaterials, Research Center of Biomedical Engineering, Institute
of Soft Matter and Biomimetics, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Fanghong Luo
- Cancer
Research Center, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhenqing Hou
- Department
of Biomaterials, Research Center of Biomedical Engineering, Institute
of Soft Matter and Biomimetics, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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78
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Wang W, Liu S, Huang Y, Jing X, Xie Z. Biodegradable dextran vesicles for effective haemoglobin encapsulation. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:5753-5759. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00847f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Biocompatible and biodegradable dextran–PLA copolymer self-assembled into polymeric vesicles, which could encapsulate the hemoglobin. The encapsulated hemoglobin retained biological activity and could be potentially used as blood substitute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- P. R. China
| | - Shi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- P. R. China
| | - Yubin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- P. R. China
| | - Xiabin Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- P. R. China
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79
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Pharmacological aspects of release from microcapsules - from polymeric multilayers to lipid membranes. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2014; 18:129-40. [PMID: 25450067 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2014.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This review is devoted to pharmacological applications of principles of release from capsules to overcome the membrane barrier. Many of these principles were developed in the context of polymeric multilayer capsule membrane modulation, but they are also pertinent to liposomes, polymersomes, capsosomes, particles, emulsion-based carriers and other carriers. We look at these methods from the physical, chemical or biological driving mechanisms point of view. In addition to applicability for carriers in drug delivery, these release methods are significant for another area directly related to pharmacology - modulation of the permeability of the membranes and thus promoting the action of drugs. Emerging technologies, including ionic current monitoring through a lipid membrane on a nanopore, are also highlighted.
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