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Thomas GR, Lo K, Nwojo R. Human papillomavirus-induced oropharyngeal cancer in Hispanics in the United States. Laryngoscope 2016; 127:1097-1101. [PMID: 27891616 DOI: 10.1002/lary.26384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Determine disparities in survival outcome and clinical presentation between Hispanic and non-Hispanic white patients with human papillomavirus-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective clinical research. METHODS Clinical data on Hispanics and non-Hispanic white patients with diagnosis of human papillomavirus/p16-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma were drawn from a tumor registry from the University of Miami Hospitals and Clinics from 2008 to 2014. Of 436 patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, 237 patents met inclusion criteria. Patient's age, gender, smoking history, alcohol history, race/ethnicity, tumor T stage, nodal N stage, and composite TNM stage were included in the analysis. Associations between race and other categorical variables were explored with χ2 test or Fisher exact test where appropriate. Survival curves were generated using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS Significant differences in clinical presentation was detected between Hispanic (N = 70) and non-Hispanic white (N = 167) patients. Hispanic human papillomavirus-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients showed a higher proportion of women with disease, a higher proportion of patients presenting with tonsil rather than tongue base primary subsite cancer, and a higher proportion of patients who do not consume alcohol compared to non-Hispanic white human papillomavirus-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients. A statistically significant survival difference between these two ethnic groups was not detected in the current dataset. CONCLUSIONS Unique differences in clinical presentations between Hispanic patients and non-Hispanic whites with human papillomavirus-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma were detected. This may be the first study to report novel clinical presentation in Hispanic human papillomavirus-positive patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma living in the United States. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4. Laryngoscope, 127:1097-1101, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovana R Thomas
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, U.S.A
| | - Kaming Lo
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Biostatistics Collaboration and Consulting Core, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, U.S.A
| | - Raphael Nwojo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, U.S.A
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Neumann F, Jégu J, Mougin C, Prétet JL, Guizard AV, Lapôtre-Ledoux B, Bara S, Bouvier V, Colonna M, Troussard X, Trétarre B, Grosclaude P, Velten M, Woronoff AS. Risk of second primary cancer after a first potentially-human papillomavirus-related cancer: A population-based study. Prev Med 2016; 90:52-8. [PMID: 27370167 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are involved in the development of anogenital and head and neck cancers. The purpose of this study was to assess the risk of developing a second primary cancer (SPC) after a first potentially-HPV-related cancer, and to analyze the sites where SPCs most frequently occurred in these patients. All patients with a first cancer diagnosed between 1989 and 2004, as recorded by 10 French cancer registries, were followed up until December 31, 2007. Only invasive potentially-HPV-related cancers (namely, cervical, vagina, vulva, anal canal, penile, oropharynx, tongue and tonsil) were included. Standardized Incidence Ratios (SIRs) were calculated to assess the risk of SPC. A multivariate Poisson regression model was used to model SIRs separately by gender, adjusted for the characteristics of the first cancer. 10,127 patients presented a first potentially-HPV-related cancer. The overall SIR was 2.48 (95% CI, 2.34-2.63). The SIR was 3.59 (95% CI, 3.33-3.86) and 1.61 (95% CI, 1.46-1.78) in men and women respectively. The relative risk of potentially-HPV-related SPC was high among these patients (SIR=13.74; 95% CI, 8.80-20.45 and 6.78; 95% CI, 4.61-9.63 for men and women, respectively). Women diagnosed in the most recent period (2000-2004) showed a 40% increase of their relative risk of SPC as compared with women diagnosed between 1989 and 1994 (ratio of SIRs=1.40; 95% CI, 1.06-1.85). HPV cancer survivors face an increased risk of SPC, especially second cancer. Clinicians may consider this increased risk of developing HPV-related SPC during follow-up to improve subsequent cancer prevention in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Neumann
- Registre des tumeurs du Doubs et du Territoire de Belfort, University Hospital Besançon, F-25000 Besançon, France.
| | - Jérémie Jégu
- Registre des cancers du Bas-Rhin, Laboratoire d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, EA3430, FMTS, University of Strasbourg, F-67085 Strasbourg, France; Service de santé publique, University Hospital of Strasbourg, F-67091 Strasbourg, France; Francim: Réseau français des registres des cancers, F-31073 Toulouse, France
| | - Christiane Mougin
- University of Franche-Comte, EA 3181, FED4234, LabExLipSTIC ANR-11-LABX-0021-FED4234, CIC-1431 F-25000 Besançon, France; University Hospital Besançon, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Jean-Luc Prétet
- University of Franche-Comte, EA 3181, FED4234, LabExLipSTIC ANR-11-LABX-0021-FED4234, CIC-1431 F-25000 Besançon, France; University Hospital Besançon, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Anne-Valérie Guizard
- Registre général des tumeurs du Calvados, Cancers & Préventions - U 1086 Inserm, Centre François Baclesse, F-14076, Caen 05, France; Francim: Réseau français des registres des cancers, F-31073 Toulouse, France
| | - Bénédicte Lapôtre-Ledoux
- Registre du cancer de la Somme, Service Épidémiologie Hygiène et Santé Publique, University Hospital Nord, F-80054 Amiens, France; Francim: Réseau français des registres des cancers, F-31073 Toulouse, France
| | - Simona Bara
- Registre des cancers de la Manche, Hospital of Cotentin, F-50102 Cherbourg-Octeville, France; Francim: Réseau français des registres des cancers, F-31073 Toulouse, France
| | - Véronique Bouvier
- Registre des tumeurs digestives du Calvados, Cancers & Préventions - U 1086 Inserm, Centre François Baclesse, BP 5026, F-14076, Caen 05, France; Francim: Réseau français des registres des cancers, F-31073 Toulouse, France
| | - Marc Colonna
- Registre des cancers de l'Isère, University Hospital Grenoble, BP 217, F-38043, Grenoble 9, France; Francim: Réseau français des registres des cancers, F-31073 Toulouse, France
| | - Xavier Troussard
- Registre des hémopathies malignes de Basse-Normandie, Unité Fonctionnelle Hospitalo-Universitaire n°0350, University Hospital Caen, F-14033 Caen, France; Francim: Réseau français des registres des cancers, F-31073 Toulouse, France
| | - Brigitte Trétarre
- Registre des tumeurs de l'Hérault, Centre de Recherche, F-34298, Montpellier 5, France; Francim: Réseau français des registres des cancers, F-31073 Toulouse, France
| | - Pascale Grosclaude
- Registre des cancers du Tarn, BP 37, F-81001 Albi, France; Francim: Réseau français des registres des cancers, F-31073 Toulouse, France
| | - Michel Velten
- Registre des cancers du Bas-Rhin, Laboratoire d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, EA3430, FMTS, University of Strasbourg, F-67085 Strasbourg, France; Service de santé publique, University Hospital of Strasbourg, F-67091 Strasbourg, France; Francim: Réseau français des registres des cancers, F-31073 Toulouse, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Woronoff
- Registre des tumeurs du Doubs et du Territoire de Belfort, University Hospital Besançon, F-25000 Besançon, France; University of Franche-Comte, EA 3181, FED4234, LabExLipSTIC ANR-11-LABX-0021-FED4234, CIC-1431 F-25000 Besançon, France; Francim: Réseau français des registres des cancers, F-31073 Toulouse, France
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Xu B, Wang L, Borsu L, Ghossein R, Katabi N, Ganly I, Dogan S. A proportion of primary squamous cell carcinomas of the parotid gland harbour high-risk human papillomavirus. Histopathology 2016; 69:921-929. [PMID: 27374168 DOI: 10.1111/his.13027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS In the current study, we aimed to examine primary parotid squamous cell carcinoma (ParSCC) for the presence of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) and associated molecular alterations. METHODS AND RESULTS Eight cases of ParSCC were retrieved after a detailed clinicopathological review to exclude the possibility of metastasis and/or extension from another primary site. HR-HPV status was determined on the basis of immunohistochemistry (IHC) for p16 expression and chromogenic in-situ hybridization (CISH) for HR-HPV. All cases were genotyped with a multiplexed mass spectrometry assay interrogating 91 hotspot mutations in eight cancer-related genes (EGFR, KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA, AKT1, MEK1 and ERBB2), and studied by fluorescence in-situ hybridization for PTEN copy number alteration. Three of eight cases (37.5%) were positive for the presence of HR-HPV by CISH and p16 IHC. One of three (33%) HR-HPV-positive cases harboured a PTEN hemizygous deletion, and one (33%) HR-HPV-positive case harboured a PIK3CA E545K somatic mutation. No alteration of the PTEN-PI3K pathway was detected in HR-HPV-negative tumours. Over a median follow-up period of 66.2 months, only the patient with the HR-HPV-positive PIK3CA-mutated tumour died of his disease, the remaining seven patients being disease-free. CONCLUSIONS Given the established aetiological role of HR-HPV in other head and neck squamous cell carcinomas, it is likely that HR-HPV represents an oncogenic driver in the pathogenesis of more than one-third of ParSCCs. The presence of HR-HPV in ParSCC may be coupled with alterations in the PTEN-PI3K pathway. Further studies on HR-HPV and the molecular characterization of a larger number of ParSCCs are needed to determine the clinical significance of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xu
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laetitia Borsu
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ronald Ghossein
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nora Katabi
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ian Ganly
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Snjezana Dogan
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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54
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Makielski KR, Lee D, Lorenz LD, Nawandar DM, Chiu YF, Kenney SC, Lambert PF. Human papillomavirus promotes Epstein-Barr virus maintenance and lytic reactivation in immortalized oral keratinocytes. Virology 2016; 495:52-62. [PMID: 27179345 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus and human papillomaviruses are human tumor viruses that infect and replicate in upper aerodigestive tract epithelia and cause head and neck cancers. The productive phases of both viruses are tied to stratified epithelia highlighting the possibility that these viruses may affect each other's life cycles. Our lab has established an in vitro model system to test the effects of EBV and HPV co-infection in stratified squamous oral epithelial cells. Our results indicate that HPV increases maintenance of the EBV genome in the co-infected cells and promotes lytic reactivation of EBV in upper layers of stratified epithelium. Expression of the HPV oncogenes E6 and E7 were found to be necessary and sufficient to account for HPV-mediated lytic reactivation of EBV. Our findings indicate that HPV increases the capacity of epithelial cells to support the EBV life cycle, which could in turn increase EBV-mediated pathogenesis in the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen R Makielski
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705, United States
| | - Denis Lee
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705, United States
| | - Laurel D Lorenz
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705, United States
| | - Dhananjay M Nawandar
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705, United States
| | - Ya-Fang Chiu
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705, United States; Morgridge Institute for Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 330 N. Orchard Street, Madison, WI 53715, United States
| | - Shannon C Kenney
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705, United States
| | - Paul F Lambert
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705, United States.
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55
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Suh JD, Cho JH. Trends in Head and Neck Cancer in South Korea Between 1999 and 2012. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol 2016; 9:263-9. [PMID: 27136364 PMCID: PMC4996101 DOI: 10.21053/ceo.2015.01123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives. The purpose is to provide detailed estimates of population-based incidences of head and neck cancers (HNCs) between 1999 and 2012 in South Korea and to evaluate trends. Methods. Data was reviewed from the Korea National Cancer Incidence Database regarding the incidence of HNCs between 1999 and 2012. Locations that were surveyed included lip, oral tongue, oral cavity, major salivary gland, nasopharynx, nasal cavity and paranasal sinus, tonsil, hypopharynx, oropharynx, and larynx. Age-standardized incidence rates were calculated and provided with 95% confidence intervals. The increase ratio of HNCs for and male-to-female ratios were also calculated. Results. The incidence of lip (0.07–0.10/100,000 people) and oropharyngeal cancer (0.09–0.12/100,000 people) remained low during the study period while laryngeal cancer (1.17–2.08/100,000 people) occurred most frequently. The incidence of oral tongue, major salivary gland, tonsil, and hypopharynx increased steeply compared to other HNCs between 1999 and 2012. Male-to-female ratio was over 1.0 for all HNCs, especially for those of tonsil, hypopharynx, oropharynx, and larynx cancer which were >5.0. Conclusion. The incidence of all the HNCs except for laryngeal cancer has increased yearly in men and women in South Korea since 1998. Rates of oral tongue, major salivary gland, and tonsil cancer have increased the most rapidly during this time period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D Suh
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jae Hoon Cho
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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56
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Keane FK, Chen YH, Tishler RB, Schoenfeld JD, Haddad RI, Goguen LA, Catalano P, Neville BA, Margalit DN. Population-based validation of the recursive partitioning analysis-based staging system for oropharyngeal cancer. Head Neck 2016; 38:1530-8. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.24470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Florence K. Keane
- Harvard Radiation Oncology Program; Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Yu-Hui Chen
- Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Roy B. Tishler
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Brigham and Women's Hospital; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Jonathan D. Schoenfeld
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Brigham and Women's Hospital; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Robert I. Haddad
- Department of Medical Oncology; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Harvard Medical School and Department of Medicine; Brigham and Women's Hospital; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Laura A. Goguen
- Division of Otolaryngology; Department of Surgery; Brigham and Women's Hospital; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Paul Catalano
- Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center; Boston Massachusetts
| | | | - Danielle N. Margalit
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Brigham and Women's Hospital; Boston Massachusetts
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57
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Zhai L, Tumban E. Gardasil-9: A global survey of projected efficacy. Antiviral Res 2016; 130:101-9. [PMID: 27040313 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are the causative agents of human neoplasias such as warts and cancers. There are ∼19 HPV types associated with cancers, which has made it very challenging for first generation HPV vaccines to offer complete protection against all cancer-causing HPV types. Recently, a second generation HPV vaccine, Gardasil-9, has been approved to protect against more HPV types. Worldwide, Gardasil-9 will protect against HPV types associated with ∼90% of cervical cancer case in women and 80-95% of other HPV-associated anogenital cancers in both men and women. However, due to variation in HPV-type specific prevalence and distribution, the vaccine will offer different percentages of protection in different geographical regions; Gardasil-9 will offer protection against HPV types associated with ∼87.7% of cervical cancers in Asia, 91.7% in Africa, 92% in North America, 90.9% in Europe, 89.5% in Latin America & the Caribbean, and 86.5% in Australia. Because of this, Pap smear screening and testing for HPV types not included in Gardasil-9 will need to continue, especially in HIV/AIDS patients. In order to achieve complete protection against all HPV types that cause cervical cancer, a third-generation HPV vaccine is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukai Zhai
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, United states
| | - Ebenezer Tumban
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, United states.
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Abstract
PURPOSE The global incidence of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) has been increasing, and it has been proposed that a rising rate of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cancers is driving the observed changes in OPSCC incidence. We carried out this systematic review to further examine the prevalence of HPV in OPSCC over time worldwide. METHODS A systematic literature search was performed to identify all articles through January 31, 2014, which reported on the prevalence of HPV in OPSCC. Articles that met the inclusion criteria were divided into 4 time frames (pre-1995, 1995-1999, 2000-2004, and 2005 to present) based on the median year of the study's sample collection period. Using a weighted analysis of variance model, we examined the trends of HPV-positivity over time worldwide, in North America, and in Europe. RESULTS Our literature search identified 699 unique articles. One hundred seventy-five underwent review of the entire study, and 105 met the inclusion criteria. These 105 articles reported on the HPV prevalence in 9541 OPSCC specimens across 23 nations. We demonstrated significant increases in the percentage change of HPV-positive OPSCCs from pre-1995 to present: 20.6% worldwide (P for trend: P < 0.001), 21.6% in North America (P = 0.013), and 21.5% in Europe (P = 0.033). CONCLUSIONS Interestingly, whereas in Europe there was a steady increase in HPV prevalence across all time frames, reaching nearly 50% most recently, in North America HPV prevalence appears to have plateaued over the past decade at about 65%. These findings may have important implications regarding predictions for the future incidence of OPSCC.
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59
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Stein AP, Saha S, Kraninger JL, Swick AD, Yu M, Lambert PF, Kimple RJ. Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus in Oropharyngeal Cancer: A Systematic Review. Cancer J 2016. [PMID: 26049691 DOI: 10.10.1097/ppo.0000000000000115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The global incidence of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) has been increasing, and it has been proposed that a rising rate of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cancers is driving the observed changes in OPSCC incidence. We carried out this systematic review to further examine the prevalence of HPV in OPSCC over time worldwide. METHODS A systematic literature search was performed to identify all articles through January 31, 2014, which reported on the prevalence of HPV in OPSCC. Articles that met the inclusion criteria were divided into 4 time frames (pre-1995, 1995-1999, 2000-2004, and 2005 to present) based on the median year of the study's sample collection period. Using a weighted analysis of variance model, we examined the trends of HPV-positivity over time worldwide, in North America, and in Europe. RESULTS Our literature search identified 699 unique articles. One hundred seventy-five underwent review of the entire study, and 105 met the inclusion criteria. These 105 articles reported on the HPV prevalence in 9541 OPSCC specimens across 23 nations. We demonstrated significant increases in the percentage change of HPV-positive OPSCCs from pre-1995 to present: 20.6% worldwide (P for trend: P < 0.001), 21.6% in North America (P = 0.013), and 21.5% in Europe (P = 0.033). CONCLUSIONS Interestingly, whereas in Europe there was a steady increase in HPV prevalence across all time frames, reaching nearly 50% most recently, in North America HPV prevalence appears to have plateaued over the past decade at about 65%. These findings may have important implications regarding predictions for the future incidence of OPSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Stein
- From the Departments of *Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI; †Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI; and ‡Biostatistics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
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Wagner S, Wittekindt C, Reuschenbach M, Hennig B, Thevarajah M, Würdemann N, Prigge ES, von Knebel Doeberitz M, Dreyer T, Gattenlöhner S, Peter Klussmann J. CD56-positive lymphocyte infiltration in relation to human papillomavirus association and prognostic significance in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2016; 138:2263-73. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Wagner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Head and Neck Surgery, University of Giessen; Giessen Germany
| | - Claus Wittekindt
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Head and Neck Surgery, University of Giessen; Giessen Germany
| | - Miriam Reuschenbach
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology; University of Heidelberg and Clinical Cooperation Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
| | - Ben Hennig
- Institute of Pathology, University of Giessen; Giessen Germany
| | - Mauran Thevarajah
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Head and Neck Surgery, University of Giessen; Giessen Germany
| | - Nora Würdemann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Head and Neck Surgery, University of Giessen; Giessen Germany
| | - Elena-Sophie Prigge
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology; University of Heidelberg and Clinical Cooperation Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
| | - Magnus von Knebel Doeberitz
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology; University of Heidelberg and Clinical Cooperation Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
| | - Thomas Dreyer
- Institute of Pathology, University of Giessen; Giessen Germany
| | | | - Jens Peter Klussmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Head and Neck Surgery, University of Giessen; Giessen Germany
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61
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Wu CC, Horowitz DP, Deutsch I, Rahmati R, Schecter JM, Saqi A, Wang TJC. De-escalation of radiation dose for human papillomavirus-positive oropharyngeal head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A case report and preclinical and clinical literature review. Oncol Lett 2015; 11:141-149. [PMID: 26870181 PMCID: PMC4727039 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has been considered to be a relatively homogeneous disease. However, recent data have demonstrated that human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive and HPV-negative disease are two different clinical entities associated with different outcomes. Preclinical and clinical studies have reported a divergence in treatment strategies as well as prognostic outcomes for HNSCCs that are HPV-positive versus HPV-negative. The present study describes the case of a 52-year-old man who presented with stage IVB cT2N3M0 right tonsillar HPV-positive squamous cell carcinoma. Induction chemotherapy with docetaxel, cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil (TPF), followed by chemoradiation therapy with carboplatin and 70 Gray (Gy) radiation in daily fractions was recommended. The patient completed the TPF and carboplatin treatment; however, he was unable to tolerate the radiation course, receiving a final dose of 46 Gy. A 60-day follow-up right neck salvage dissection was subsequently performed. Despite having received a partial radiation treatment of 46 Gy, the patient had no pathological evidence of disease at 60 days post radiation treatment. Repeat positron emission tomography-computed tomography at 32 months after the right neck dissection revealed no evidence of disease. The present study also discusses the current preclinical in vitro and in vivo targets for HPV-positive HNSCC and the obstacles presented in advancing clinical treatment modalities. Previous preclinical models investigating radiation sensitivity have yielded mixed results. Thus, it is important to understand and establish representative preclinical models for studying HPV and HNSCC to improve clinical research and therapeutic development. This review may guide future understanding of the role of HPV in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Chia Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - David P Horowitz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Israel Deutsch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Rahmatullah Rahmati
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jordan M Schecter
- Department of Medical Oncology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Anjali Saqi
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Tony J C Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Gillison ML, Chaturvedi AK, Anderson WF, Fakhry C. Epidemiology of Human Papillomavirus-Positive Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2015; 33:3235-42. [PMID: 26351338 PMCID: PMC4979086 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2015.61.6995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 807] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is now established as the principal cause of an increase in incidence of a subset of head and neck squamous cell cancers (HNCs) in numerous geographic regions around the world. Further study of the epidemiology of HPV-positive HNC will be critical to the development and implementation of public health interventions to reverse these global incidence trends. Here, recent data are reviewed to provide insight into several topics, including incidence trends and projections for HPV-positive HNC; the worldwide HPV-attributable fraction; sex disparities in cancer risk; the epidemiology of oral HPV infection; the latency period between infection and cancer; the potential impact of prophylactic HPV vaccination; and prospects for secondary prevention through screening for oral HPV infection or seroreactivity to viral antigens. The identification of a single necessary cause for any cancer provides a rare and perhaps extraordinary opportunity for cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura L Gillison
- Maura L. Gillison, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH; Anil K. Chaturvedi and William F. Anderson, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville; and Carole Fakhry, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD.
| | - Anil K Chaturvedi
- Maura L. Gillison, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH; Anil K. Chaturvedi and William F. Anderson, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville; and Carole Fakhry, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD
| | - William F Anderson
- Maura L. Gillison, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH; Anil K. Chaturvedi and William F. Anderson, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville; and Carole Fakhry, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD
| | - Carole Fakhry
- Maura L. Gillison, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH; Anil K. Chaturvedi and William F. Anderson, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville; and Carole Fakhry, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD
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63
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Sansoni ER, Gross ND. The role of transoral robotic surgery in the management of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: a current review. Curr Oncol Rep 2015; 17:432. [PMID: 25687805 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-014-0432-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is increasing in the USA despite a decline in traditional risk factors. This trend is attributed to human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated malignancies and is particularly notable in a younger patient demographic with fewer comorbid diseases and longer life expectancies. Therefore, both oncologic and functional outcomes are important to consider when managing OPSCC in the modern era. The historical management of OPSCC was typically surgical, but traditional open approaches resulted in significant morbidity. As the paradigm shifted, organ-preserving treatment regimens, namely, radiotherapy (RT) and chemoradiation (CRT), replaced surgery as the primary treatment modality. However, these treatment strategies are not without risk of significant sequelae and functional impairment. Transoral robotic surgery (TORS) is a minimally invasive surgical approach that offers surgical access to the oropharynx without the morbidity of open procedures while achieving excellent oncologic and functional outcomes. The appropriate application of this new technology is still being investigated but the current literature supports TORS as a viable option in the management of OPSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ritter Sansoni
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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64
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Mai S, Welzel G, Ottstadt M, Lohr F, Severa S, Prigge ES, Wentzensen N, Trunk MJ, Wenz F, von Knebel-Doeberitz M, Reuschenbach M. Prognostic Relevance of HPV Infection and p16 Overexpression in Squamous Cell Anal Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2015; 93:819-27. [PMID: 26530750 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA and p16 status have both been reported as prognostic factors in anal cancer, but the prognostic relevance of combined detection and particularly HPV-/p16+ and HPV+/p16- signatures is unknown. We evaluated combined HPV DNA and p16 status as a prognostic factor of treatment response in anal cancer. METHODS 106 patients treated with radiochemotherapy (RCT+5-FU/MMC) with available paraffin-embedded tumor tissue specimens were evaluated regarding local control (LC) and overall survival (OS) at 5 years. In addition to HPV DNA/p16 status, the influence of age, gender, previous surgery, initial recurrence, T stage, N status, and tumor localization was analyzed. RESULTS 63 patients were HPV+/p16+, 9 were HPV+/p16-, 11 were HPV-/p16+, and 23 were HPV-/p16-. In univariate analysis, LC was significantly better in patients with T1/2 stage, female gender, and HPV/p16 status. HPV+/p16+ was associated with significantly better LC (88.1%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 78.89-97.31) compared with HPV-/p16+ (63.6%; 95% CI: 35.18-92.02; P=.021) and especially HPV-/p16- (55.8%; 95% CI: 33.46-78.14; P=.002) but not with HPV+/p16- (77.8%; 95% CI: 50.56-105.04; P=.270). OS was influenced by T stage and LC. HPV+/p16+ patients showed a trend toward better OS compared with HPV-/p16- patients (HPV+/p16+: 81.1%; 95% CI: 70.12-92.08 vs HPV-/p16-: 68.8%; 95%CI: 47.44-90.16; P=.138). On multivariate analysis, T3/4 stage and HPV/p16 status (HPV-/p16+, HPV-/p16- vs HPV+/p16+) predicted poorer LC (T3/4: 50.3% vs T1/2: 86.6%, hazard ratio [HR] 0.22; 95% CI: 0.09-0.53; P<.001; HPV+/p16+ vs HPV-/p16+: HR 4.73; 95% CI: 1.33-16.82; P=.016, and HPV+/p16+ vs HPV-/p16-: HR 6.40; 95% CI: 2.23-18.35; P<.001), whereas local relapse dramatically influenced OS. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that HPV/p16 signature determines prognosis. HPV+/p16+ patients had the best prognosis, and HPV-/p16+ and HPV-/p16- patients showed the worst outcome and therefore require therapy optimization, particularly given that LC is the most important factor for OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Mai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Grit Welzel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Martine Ottstadt
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Frank Lohr
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sebastin Severa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Elena-Sophie Prigge
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, and Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nicolas Wentzensen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Marcus J Trunk
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Frederik Wenz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Magnus von Knebel-Doeberitz
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, and Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Miriam Reuschenbach
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, and Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
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Farnebo L, Stjernström A, Fredrikson M, Ansell A, Garvin S, Thunell LK. DNA repair genes XPC, XPD, XRCC1, and XRCC3 are associated with risk and survival of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. DNA Repair (Amst) 2015; 31:64-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Kimple RJ, Harari PM. The prognostic value of HPV in head and neck cancer patients undergoing postoperative chemoradiotherapy. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2015; 3:S14. [PMID: 26046059 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2015.01.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Randall J Kimple
- Department of Human Oncology, Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Paul M Harari
- Department of Human Oncology, Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA
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67
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Keane FK, Chen YH, Neville BA, Tishler RB, Schoenfeld JD, Catalano PJ, Margalit DN. Changing prognostic significance of tumor stage and nodal stage in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx in the human papillomavirus era. Cancer 2015; 121:2594-602. [PMID: 25873094 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.29402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) tends to present at an advanced nodal stage (N stage), the prognosis is generally better than that for HPV-negative OPSCC. Prior work has demonstrated the increasing incidence of HPV-related OPSCC in the United States. This study was designed to determine whether the changing epidemiology of OPSCC is reflected in changes in the prognostic significance of the tumor stage (T stage) and the N stage in a population-based cohort. METHODS The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program was used to identify 13,328 patients who were 18 years old or older and were diagnosed with OPSCC from 1997 to 2008. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate head and neck cancer-specific survival. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the associations between head and neck cancer-specific mortality (HNCSM) and T and N stages and the interaction of variables with the year of diagnosis. RESULTS With a median follow-up of 67 months, there were 4099 head and neck cancer deaths. There was a significant interaction between the T stage and time (P for interaction = .01), with the effect of the T stage on HNCSM increasing from 1997 to 2008. The T stage retained a linear relationship with HNCSM. The effect of the N stage on HNCSM declined over time (P for interaction = .0004). The current American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system did not subdivide distinct prognostic subgroups for HNCSM by overall stage. CONCLUSIONS In this population-based study of OPSCC, the effect of the N stage on cancer-specific mortality decreased over time as the impact of the T stage increased. The current AJCC staging system did not distinguish prognostic subgroups. These changes may reflect the increasing prevalence of HPV-related OPSCC. Further study in HPV-defined cohorts is needed to tailor the AJCC staging system to better reflect HNCSM risk. Cancer 2015;121:2594-2602. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yui-Hui Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Roy B Tishler
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jonathan D Schoenfeld
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Paul J Catalano
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Danielle N Margalit
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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68
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Stein AP, Swick AD, Smith MA, Blitzer GC, Yang RZ, Saha S, Harari PM, Lambert PF, Liu CZ, Kimple RJ. Xenograft assessment of predictive biomarkers for standard head and neck cancer therapies. Cancer Med 2015; 4:699-712. [PMID: 25619980 PMCID: PMC4430263 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains a challenging cancer to treat with overall 5-year survival on the order of 50–60%. Therefore, predictive biomarkers for this disease would be valuable to provide more effective and individualized therapeutic approaches for these patients. While prognostic biomarkers such as p16 expression correlate with outcome; to date, no predictive biomarkers have been clinically validated for HNSCC. We generated xenografts in immunocompromised mice from six established HNSCC cell lines and evaluated response to cisplatin, cetuximab, and radiation. Tissue microarrays were constructed from pre- and posttreatment tumor samples derived from each xenograft experiment. Quantitative immunohistochemistry was performed using a semiautomated imaging and analysis platform to determine the relative expression of five potential predictive biomarkers: epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), phospho-EGFR, phospho-Akt, phospho-ERK, and excision repair cross-complementation group 1 (ERCC1). Biomarker levels were compared between xenografts that were sensitive versus resistant to a specific therapy utilizing a two-sample t-test with equal standard deviations. Indeed the xenografts displayed heterogeneous responses to each treatment, and we linked a number of baseline biomarker levels to response. This included low ERCC1 being associated with cisplatin sensitivity, low phospho-Akt correlated with cetuximab sensitivity, and high total EGFR was related to radiation resistance. Overall, we developed a systematic approach to identifying predictive biomarkers and demonstrated several connections between biomarker levels and treatment response. Despite these promising initial results, this work requires additional preclinical validation, likely involving the use of patient-derived xenografts, prior to moving into the clinical realm for confirmation among patients with HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Stein
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706
| | - Adam D Swick
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706
| | - Molly A Smith
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706
| | - Grace C Blitzer
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706
| | - Robert Z Yang
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706
| | - Sandeep Saha
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706
| | - Paul M Harari
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706
| | - Paul F Lambert
- Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706
| | - Cheng Z Liu
- Department of Pathology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706
| | - Randall J Kimple
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706
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69
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Lv Z, Wu X, Cao W, Shen Z, Wang L, Xie F, Zhang J, Ji T, Yan M, Chen W. Parathyroid hormone-related protein serves as a prognostic indicator in oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2014; 33:100. [PMID: 25539663 PMCID: PMC4393566 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-014-0100-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In our previous study, parathyroid hormone-like hormone (PTHLH) which encodes parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) was revealed to be up-regulated in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) compared with paired apparently normal surgical margins using microarray method. However, the function and prognostic indicators of PTHLH/PTHrP in OSCC remain obscure. METHODS The mRNA levels of PTHLH and its protein levels were investigated in 9 OSCC cell lines and in 36 paired OSCC specimens by real-time PCR and western blotting. The biological function of PTHLH/PTHrP was investigated using small interfering RNA (siRNA) in 3 OSCC cell lines, and immunohistochemistry was used to estimate the prognostic value of PTHrP in 101 patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), including OSCC and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Cell cycle was tested by flow cytometry and cell cycle related genes were investigated by western blotting and immunocytochemistry assay. RESULTS This study showed that the mRNA and protein levels of PTHLH in 9 OSCC cell lines were much higher than that in normal epithelial cells (P < 0.0001). In 36 paired OSCC tissues, PTHLH mRNA expressions were found higher in 32 OSCC tissues than that of paired apparently normal surgical margins (P = 0.0001). The results revealed that the down-regulation of PTHLH/PTHrP by siRNAs could reduce cell proliferation and inhibit plate and soft agar colony formation as well as affect the cell cycle of OSCC cells. The key proteins related to the cell cycle were changed by anti-PTHLH siRNA. The results showed that cyclin D1 and CDK4 expressions were significantly reduced in the cells transfected with anti-PTHLH siRNA. On the other hand, the expression of p21 was increased. The results also showed that high PTHrP level was associated with poor pathologic differentiation (P = 0.0001) and poor prognosis (P = 0.0003) in patients with HNSCC. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that PTHLH/PTHrP is up-regulated in OSCCs. Therefore, PTHLH/PTHrP could play a role in the pathogenesis of OSCC by affecting cell proliferation and cell cycle, and the protein levels of PTHrP might serve as a prognostic indicator for evaluating patients with HNSCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjing Lv
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiangbing Wu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wei Cao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
| | - ZongZe Shen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lizhen Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Oral Pathology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - FuRong Xie
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
| | - JianJun Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
| | - Tong Ji
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ming Yan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
| | - WanTao Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
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Gao G, Smith DI. Very large common fragile site genes and their potential role in cancer development. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:4601-15. [PMID: 25300511 PMCID: PMC11113612 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1753-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Common fragile sites (CFSs) are large chromosomal regions that are hot-spots for alterations especially within cancer cells. The three most frequently expressed CFS regions (FRA3B, FRA16D and FRA6E) contain genes that span extremely large genomic regions (FHIT, WWOX and PARK2, respectively), and these genes were found to function as important tumor suppressors. Many other CFS regions contain extremely large genes that are also targets of alterations in multiple cancers, but none have yet been demonstrated to function as tumor suppressors. The loss of expression of just FHIT or WWOX has been found to be associated with a worse overall clinical outcome. Studies in different cancers have revealed that some cancers have decreased expression of multiple large CFS genes. This loss of expression could have a profound phenotypic effect on these cells. In this review, we will summarize the known large common fragile site genes and discuss their potential relationship to cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Gao
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - David I. Smith
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
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Adams AK, Wise-Draper TM, Wells SI. Human papillomavirus induced transformation in cervical and head and neck cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2014; 6:1793-820. [PMID: 25226287 PMCID: PMC4190568 DOI: 10.3390/cancers6031793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most widely publicized and researched pathogenic DNA viruses. For decades, HPV research has focused on transforming viral activities in cervical cancer. During the past 15 years, however, HPV has also emerged as a major etiological agent in cancers of the head and neck, in particular squamous cell carcinoma. Even with significant strides achieved towards the screening and treatment of cervical cancer, and preventive vaccines, cervical cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-associated deaths for women in developing countries. Furthermore, routine screens are not available for those at risk of head and neck cancer. The current expectation is that HPV vaccination will prevent not only cervical, but also head and neck cancers. In order to determine if previous cervical cancer models for HPV infection and transformation are directly applicable to head and neck cancer, clinical and molecular disease aspects must be carefully compared. In this review, we briefly discuss the cervical and head and neck cancer literature to highlight clinical and genomic commonalities. Differences in prognosis, staging and treatment, as well as comparisons of mutational profiles, viral integration patterns, and alterations in gene expression will be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allie K Adams
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
| | - Trisha M Wise-Draper
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
| | - Susanne I Wells
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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Barry B, Ortholan C. [Human papilloma virus in head and neck cancer]. Cancer Radiother 2014; 18:430-3. [PMID: 25151649 DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Head and neck cancer is frequently associated with alcohol and tobacco consumption but there is an increasing incidence of oropharyngeal carcinoma associated with oncogenic type-16 human papillomavirus (HPV). The clinical profile of these patients is distinct from that of other patients, with an earlier onset, 1/1 male to female sex ratio, cystic cervical nodes. Detection of intratumoral viral DNA is essential to confirm the role of HPV. According to several reports, the prognosis in terms of survival and locoregional control is better in HPV-positive oropharyngeal carcinoma than in HPV-negative oropharyngeal carcinoma or associated with tobacco consumption. The future lies in vaccination of women against cervical cancer but vaccination of boys will be certainly necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Barry
- Service ORL, hôpital Bichat-Claude-Bernard, 46, rue Henri-Huchard, 75877 Paris cedex 18, France
| | - C Ortholan
- Service de radiothérapie, centre hospitalier Princesse-Grace, avenue Pasteur, 98000 Monaco, Monaco.
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