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Effect of rapid maxillary expansion on halitosis. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2018; 154:702-707. [PMID: 30384941 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2018.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) on halitosis. METHODS Thirty children (11-15 years old) were randomly divided into RME and control groups. The RME group consisted of 15 children treated with hyrax appliances, and the control group included 15 children without treatment. Halitosis was evaluated with the halimeter and the organoleptic method. Plaque index and gingival index scores were recorded. Acoustic rhinometry was used to measure the nasal volume. Measurements were obtained at 2 times: before RME, and after retention at 4 months. The Wilcoxon signed rank test and the paired t test were used for intragroup comparisons, and the Mann-Whitney U test and the Student t test were used for intergroup comparisons. RESULTS Halitosis (halimeter and organoleptic values) decreased significantly in the RME group (P <0.001). Insignificant changes of halitosis were observed in the control group. Intragroup and intergroup comparisons showed no statistically significant differences for the plaque index. Gingival index values were significantly decreased with RME (P ≤0.05). Nasal cavity volume increased significantly in the RME group (P <0.01). CONCLUSIONS RME was shown to lower halitosis values. RME could be a treatment option for patients with maxillary transverse deficiency and halitosis.
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Qiao W, Wang F, Xu X, Wang S, Regenstein JM, Bao B, Ma M. Egg yolk immunoglobulin interactions with Porphyromonas gingivalis to impact periodontal inflammation and halitosis. AMB Express 2018; 8:176. [PMID: 30374625 PMCID: PMC6206315 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-018-0706-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is a pathogenic Gram-negative anaerobic bacterium that colonizes the subgingival region of gums. These bacteria can invade periodontal tissues, form plaques, and produce volatile sulfur compounds (VSC) and volatile organic compounds (VOC). Egg yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) that was specifically produced in egg yolks after chickens were challenged with P. gingivalis could control and prevent oral diseases caused by P. gingivalis. The releases of P. gingivalis offensive metabolic odors in vitro and in vivo were determined using a Halimeter and GCMS. With IgY bacterial growth was inhibited, and the relative amounts of VOC and VSC were decreased. The scores for the oral health index and the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α are also decreased. All treatment groups showed significant anti-inflammatory effects, which strongly suggests that specifically IgY against P. gingivalis may be an effective treatment for the prevention and protection of periodontal inflammation and halitosis.
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Pham TAV, Nguyen NTX. Efficacy of chlorine dioxide mouthwash in reducing oral malodor: A 2-week randomized, double-blind, crossover study. Clin Exp Dent Res 2018; 4:206-215. [PMID: 30386642 PMCID: PMC6203824 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this clinical trial was to assess the inhibitory effects of a mouthwash containing 0.1% ClO2 used for 2 weeks on oral malodor, periodontal and salivary parameters, tongue coating, and Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria in saliva. Thirty-nine subjects with oral malodor were randomly assigned into two groups. In the first stage, one group was instructed to rinse with the experimental mouthwash (containing 0.1% ClO2), whereas the other group was instructed to rinse with the control mouthwash (sodium chloride 0.9%) for 2 weeks. After 4 weeks of washing out, in the second stage, each group then used the other mouthwash for 2 weeks. Oral malodor, periodontal status, tongue coating, salivary pH and flow rate, and the amounts of the salivary bacteria Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Solobacterium moorei, Streptococcus salivarius, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia were evaluated at baseline and after 2 weeks of mouthwash use. After 12 hr and after 2 weeks, organoleptic scores and the levels of H2S and CH3SH were significantly lower in the experimental group compared with those in the control group. After 2 weeks, the experimental mouthwash appeared significantly effective in reducing plaque index, tongue-coating score, and the amounts of F. nucleatum, S. moorei, T. denticola, and T. forsythia in the whole saliva, compared with those at baseline. Mouthwash containing 0.1% ClO2 is effective in reducing oral malodor, dental plaque, tongue-coating accumulation, and the amounts of F. nucleatum, S. moorei, T. denticola, and T. forsythia in saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Anh Vu Pham
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Odonto‐StomatologyUniversity of Medicine and PharmacyVietnam
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Honda-Yokota M, Murata K, Anraku T, Iwaki M. Suppression of Release of Matrix Metalloprotease-1 from Human Gingival Fibroblasts by Cimicifuga Rhizome Extract and a Novel Cimigenol Xyloside as an Active Constituent. Nat Prod Commun 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1801301006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral malodor has become a major oral problem and the need for self-medication has increased. Oral malodor is attributed to the various enzymes produced by periodontal bacteria and the treatment of periodontal disease is recognized as the major therapy for oral malodor. In our research program to investigate novel agents for alternative medicine, which are effective for oral malodor treatment, we focused on Cimicifuga rhizomes used in ancient Chinese medicine for the treatment of periodontal diseases. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of Cimicifuga rhizomes on periodontal disease, suppression of matrix metalloprotease-1 from human gingival fibroblasts was assayed. A 50% ethanol extract from Cimicifuga rhizomes showed 51.0% suppression at 10 μg/mL. Activity-guided purification of the active principle was led to the isolation of 7,8-didehydrocimigenol 3- O-β-D-xylopyranoside (1), 24- epi-24- O-acetyl-7,8-didehydrohydro-shengmanol 3- O-β-D-xylopyranoside (2) and a novel compound (3). Compound 3 was elucidated as 24,25-epoxy-7,8-didehydrohydroshengmanol 3- O-β-D-xylopyranoside by spectral analysis. Compounds 1 and 3 suppressed matrix metalloprotease-1 release at 50 nM. From these results, the extract from Cimicifuga rhizome may be a novel agent for oral malodor therapy as an alternative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mami Honda-Yokota
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Kazuya Murata
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
- Antiaging Center, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Takuya Anraku
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Masahiro Iwaki
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
- Antiaging Center, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
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Kandalam U, Ledra N, Laubach H, Venkatachalam K. Inhibition of methionine gamma lyase deaminase and the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis : A therapeutic target for halitosis/periodontitis. Arch Oral Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Nakano M, Wakabayashi H, Sugahara H, Odamaki T, Yamauchi K, Abe F, Xiao JZ, Murakami K, Ishikawa K, Hironaka S. Effects of lactoferrin and lactoperoxidase-containing food on the oral microbiota of older individuals. Microbiol Immunol 2018; 61:416-426. [PMID: 28881387 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The oral microbiota influences health and disease states. Some gram-negative anaerobic bacteria play important roles in tissue destruction associated with periodontal disease. Lactoferrin (LF) and lactoperoxidase (LPO) are antimicrobial proteins found in saliva; however, their influence on the whole oral microbiota currently remains unknown. In this randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study, the effects of long-term ingestion of LF and LPO-containing tablets on the microbiota of supragingival plaque and tongue coating were assessed. Forty-six older individuals ingested placebo or test tablets after every meal for 8 weeks. The relative abundance of bacterial species was assessed by 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing. Most of the bacterial species in supragingival plaque and tongue coating that exhibited significant decreases in the test group were gram-negative bacteria, including periodontal pathogens. Decreases in the total relative abundance of gram-negative organisms in supragingival plaque and tongue coating correlated with improvements in assessed variables related to oral health, such as oral malodor and plaque accumulation. Furthermore, there was significantly less microbiota diversity in supragingival plaque at 8 weeks in the test group than in the placebo group and low microbiota diversity correlated with improvements in assessed variables related to oral health. These results suggest that LF and LPO-containing tablets promote a shift from a highly diverse and gram-negative-dominated to a gram-positive-dominated community in the microbiota of supragingival plaque and tongue coating. This microbial shift may contribute to improvements in oral health, including oral malodor and state of the gingiva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Nakano
- Food Ingredients and Technology Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry, 5-1-83 Higashihara, Zama, Kanagawa 252-8583
| | - Hiroyuki Wakabayashi
- Food Ingredients and Technology Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry, 5-1-83 Higashihara, Zama, Kanagawa 252-8583
| | - Hirosuke Sugahara
- Next Generation Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry, 5-1-83 Higashihara, Zama, Kanagawa 252-8583
| | - Toshitaka Odamaki
- Next Generation Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry, 5-1-83 Higashihara, Zama, Kanagawa 252-8583
| | - Koji Yamauchi
- Food Ingredients and Technology Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry, 5-1-83 Higashihara, Zama, Kanagawa 252-8583
| | - Fumiaki Abe
- Food Ingredients and Technology Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry, 5-1-83 Higashihara, Zama, Kanagawa 252-8583
| | - Jin-Zhong Xiao
- Next Generation Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry, 5-1-83 Higashihara, Zama, Kanagawa 252-8583
| | - Kohji Murakami
- Department of Special Needs Dentistry, Division of Hygiene and Oral Health, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ishikawa
- Department of Special Needs Dentistry, Division of Hygiene and Oral Health, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shouji Hironaka
- Department of Special Needs Dentistry, Division of Hygiene and Oral Health, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
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Bicak DA. A Current Approach to Halitosis and Oral Malodor- A Mini Review. Open Dent J 2018; 12:322-330. [PMID: 29760825 PMCID: PMC5944123 DOI: 10.2174/1874210601812010322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Halitosis, in other words, oral malodor is an important multifactorial health problem affecting the psychological and social life of individuals and is the most common reason for referral to dentists after dental caries and periodontal diseases. OBJECTIVE The objective of this review was to present and discuss conventional and recently introduced information about the types, causes, detection and treatment methods of halitosis. METHODS An expanded literature review was conducted which targeted all articles published in peer-reviewed journals relating to the topic of halitosis. Only articles written in Turkish and English languages were considered. The review itself began with a search of relevant subject headings such as 'halitosis, oral malodor, volatile sulfur compounds in PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Google Scholar and Tubitak Ulakbim databases. A hand search of references was also performed. RESULTS When search results are combined, the total number of relevant literature was found to be 4646 abstracts and 978 full-text articles. Abstracts, editorial letters were not included and about half of full-text articles were not related to dental practice. Among the remaining 124 full-text articles, duplicated articles and articles written other than Turkish and English languages were removed and 54 full-text articles were used for this review. DISCUSSION According to the reviewed articles, both conventional and new methods were introduced in the management of halitosis. However, conventional methods seem to be more effective and widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of halitosis. CONCLUSION As being first line professionals, dentists must analyze and treat oral problems which may be responsible for the patient's malodor, and should inform the patient about halitosis causes and oral hygiene procedures (tooth flossing, tongue cleaning, appropriate mouthwash and toothpaste selection and use) and if the problem persists, they should consult to a medical specialist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damla Aksit Bicak
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Near East University, Nicosia / TRNC Mersin 10 - Turkey
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Seerangaiyan K, Jüch F, Winkel EG. Tongue coating: its characteristics and role in intra-oral halitosis and general health—a review. J Breath Res 2018; 12:034001. [DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/aaa3a1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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HATİPOĞLU M, AYTEKİN Z, DALTABAN Ö, FELEK R, FIRAT MZ, ÜSTÜN K. THE EFFECT OF DIODE LASER AS AN ADJUNCT TO PERIODONTAL TREATMENT ON CLINICAL PERIODONTAL PARAMETERS AND HALITOSIS: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL. CUMHURIYET DENTAL JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.7126/cumudj.369035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Quality and readability of internet-based information on halitosis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2017; 125:215-222. [PMID: 29325852 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate quality and readability of Internet-based information on halitosis. STUDY DESIGN An Internet search through 3 engines (Google, Yahoo, and Bing) was done with the terms ("bad breath," "halitosis," "oral malodor," "foul breath," "mouth malodor," "breath malodor," "fetor ex ore," "fetor oris," "ozostomia," and "stomatodysodia"). The first 50 websites from each engine resulting from each search term were screened. Included websites were evaluated using Health on the Net (HON) criteria, Journal of American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmarks, DISCERN, Ensuring Quality Information for Patients (EQIP), Flesch Reading Ease (FRE) score, and Flesch-Kincaid Grade level. RESULTS A total of 101 websites were included. HON, DISCERN, EQIP, and FRE score were 42.9%, 37.6%, 37.4%, and 51.9% of the maximum score, respectively. Fewer than 50% of sites displayed attribution, disclosure, and currency according to JAMA benchmarks. HON score, DISCERN score, and EQIP score had significant correlation with each other and were significantly higher in sites displaying the HON seal. CONCLUSION The current quality and readability of informative websites on halitosis are generally low and poorly organized. Clinicians should be able to assess the Internet-based information on halitosis, as well as give accurate advice and guide patients concerning this issue.
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Falcão DP, Miranda PC, Almeida TFG, Scalco MGDS, Fregni F, Amorim RFBD. Assessment of the accuracy of portable monitors for halitosis evaluation in subjects without malodor complaint. Are they reliable for clinical practice? J Appl Oral Sci 2017; 25:559-565. [PMID: 29069154 PMCID: PMC5804393 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2016-0305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Halitosis is defined as a foul odor emanated from the oral cavity, with great impact in quality of life and social restraints. Recently, the use of Breath Alert™ in research increased significantly. Halimeter™, another portable device, is often used in clinical practice. Nevertheless, not many studies have verified the accuracy and compared the results of both devices simultaneously. Objective: To verify the accuracy of Breath Alert™ and Halimeter™ in patients without chief complaint of halitosis, using the organoleptic test (OT) as "gold standard." The second aim was to verify whether their concomitant use could enhance the diagnostic accuracy of halitosis. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was performed. The quality of expired air of 34 subjects without chief complaint of halitosis was assessed. Two experienced examiners carried out the OT. Afterward, a third blinded examiner performed Halimeter™ (HT) and Breath Alert™ (BA) tests. Results: The OT identified halitosis in 21 subjects (62%). The area under the ROC curve (95% confidence interval) was 0.67 (0.48-0.85) and 0.54 (0.34-0.75) for HT and BA, respectively. The accuracy for HT and BA was 59% and 47%, respectively. The combined usage of HT and BA provided 11 positive results, being 9 subjects (43%) out of the total of 21 positive cases. Conclusions: Halimeter™ and Breath Alert™ were not able to diagnose halitosis in non-complainer subjects at the same level as the organoleptic examination, since their accuracy were low. Our results suggest that such portable devices are not reliable tools to assess halitosis and may neglect or misdiagnose a considerable number of patients in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Pinheiro Falcão
- Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - Priscila Carvalho Miranda
- Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | | | - Monique Gomes da Silva Scalco
- Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - Felipe Fregni
- Harvard Medical School, Laboratory of Neuromodulation & Center for Clinical Research Learning, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
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Kang JH, Kim DJ, Choi BK, Park JW. Inhibition of malodorous gas formation by oral bacteria with cetylpyridinium and zinc chloride. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 84:133-138. [PMID: 28987726 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The antimicrobial efficacy of zinc- (ZnCl2) and cetylpyridinium-chloride (CPC) and their inhibition capacity on volatile sulfur compound (VSC) production by oral bacterial strains were investigated. DESIGN Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and growth curves were determined for ZnCl2, CPC, and CPC with ZnCl2 solutions against eight oral microorganisms (Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans) known to be involved in the pathophysiology of both halitosis and periodontal disease. Gas chromatography was applied to measure VSCs (H2S, CH3SH, (CH3)2S) production levels of each strains following exposure to the solutions. RESULTS ZnCl2 and CPC effectively inhibited growth of all eight strains. ZnCl2 was generally more effective than CPC in suppressing bacterial growth excluding A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. intermedia, and T. forsythia. Synergism between CPC and ZnCl2 was shown in A. actinomycetemcomitans. The MIC for CPC was significantly lower than ZnCl2. VSC production was detected in five bacterial strains (A. actinomycetemcomitans, F. nucleatum, P. gingivalis, T. denticola, and T. forsythia). Each bacterial strain showed unique VSCs production profiles. H2S was produced by F. nucleatum, P. gingivalis, and T. denticola, CH3SH by all five strains and (CH3)2S by A. actinomycetemcomitans, F. nucleatum, P. gingivalis, and T. denticola. Production of CH3SH, the most malodorous component among the three major VSCs from mouth air was evident in F. nucleatum and T. forsythia. CONCLUSION Both ZnCl2 and CPC effectively inhibit bacterial growth causative of halitosis and periodontal disease, resulting in a direct decrease of bacterial VSCs production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Hyun Kang
- Department of Oral medicine and Orofacial pain, Institute of Oral Health Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164, World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Jeong Kim
- Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Kyu Choi
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Woon Park
- Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
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Nakhleh MK, Quatredeniers M, Haick H. Detection of halitosis in breath: Between the past, present, and future. Oral Dis 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- MK Nakhleh
- Univ Paris-Sud; Faculté de Médecine; Université Paris-Saclay; Le Kremlin Bicêtre France
- AP-HP; DHU TORINO; Service de Pneumologie; Hôpital Bicêtre; Le Kremlin Bicêtre France
- Inserm UMR_S 999; LabExLERMIT; Hôpital Marie Lannelongue; Le Plessis Robinson France
| | - M Quatredeniers
- Univ Paris-Sud; Faculté de Médecine; Université Paris-Saclay; Le Kremlin Bicêtre France
- AP-HP; DHU TORINO; Service de Pneumologie; Hôpital Bicêtre; Le Kremlin Bicêtre France
- Inserm UMR_S 999; LabExLERMIT; Hôpital Marie Lannelongue; Le Plessis Robinson France
| | - H Haick
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute; Technion-Israel Institute of Technology; Haifa Israel
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64
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Estimated prevalence of halitosis: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis. Clin Oral Investig 2017; 22:47-55. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-017-2164-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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65
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Liu SS, Fu E, Tu HP, Fu MW, Lin CT, Shen EC. Comparison of oral malodors before and after nonsurgical periodontal therapy in chronic periodontitis patients. J Dent Sci 2017; 12:156-160. [PMID: 30895042 PMCID: PMC6395227 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Periodontal diseases have been considered as a source of oral malodor or halitosis. Improvement of oral malodor in chronic periodontitis patients has recently been observed after nonsurgical periodontal therapy in combination with tongue cleaning and/or chlorhexidine mouth rinsing. The present study, however, evaluated the impact of nonsurgical periodontal therapy alone on the oral malodor in chronic periodontitis patients by comparing the intraoral concentrations of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) before and after nonsurgical therapy. Materials and methods Using a sulfide monitor, the total VSCs in exhaled breath were measured in 80 patients with chronic periodontitis prior to and 1 month after nonsurgical periodontal therapy (re-evaluation phase). Malodor was defined as a VSC score > 75 parts per billion (ppb) and > 110 ppb, respectively. Results Significantly lower level of VSCs was recorded at periodontal re-evaluation (55 ± 9.7 ppb) than before treatment (89 ± 16.3 ppb). Before treatment, 27 (34%) patients were considered to have malodor, defined as VSCs > 75 ppb. After treatment, 16 patients (20%) had VSC scores > 75 ppb, including 10 of 27 patients with baseline VSC scores > 75 ppb and six of 53 patients with baseline scores ≤ 75 ppb. The risk of malodor differed significantly before and after treatment (P = 0.035, McNemar's test). However, when malodor was defined as VSCs > 110 ppb, the difference in risk showed only borderline significance (P = 0.077). Conclusion On the basis of our findings, we suggest that nonsurgical periodontal therapy has a mild impact on oral malodor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sao-Shen Liu
- School of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center and Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Earl Fu
- Dental Department, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Xindian, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsiao-Pei Tu
- School of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center and Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Oral Hygiene, Hsin Sheng Junior College of Medical Care and Management, Longtan District, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Min-Wen Fu
- Dental Department, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Xindian, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia-Te Lin
- Dental Department, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Xindian, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - E-Chin Shen
- School of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center and Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,Dental Department, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Xindian, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
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Abstract
Culture-independent nucleic acid technologies have been extensively applied to the analysis of oral bacterial communities associated with healthy and diseased conditions. These methods have confirmed and substantially expanded the findings from culture studies to reveal the oral microbial inhabitants and candidate pathogens associated with the major oral diseases. Over 1000 bacterial distinct species-level taxa have been identified in the oral cavity and studies using next-generation DNA sequencing approaches indicate that the breadth of bacterial diversity may be even much larger. Nucleic acid technologies have also been helpful in profiling bacterial communities and identifying disease-related patterns. This chapter provides an overview of the diversity and taxonomy of oral bacteria associated with health and disease.
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Oghli I, List T, John M, Larsson P. Prevalence and oral health-related quality of life of self-reported orofacial conditions in Sweden. Oral Dis 2016; 23:233-240. [PMID: 27770603 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To (i) determine the prevalences of self-report in a Swedish adult population, of temporomandibular disorders, burning mouth syndrome, dry mouth, and bad breath and (ii) determine oral health-related quality-of-life impairment in subjects reporting these conditions. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A cross-sectional, randomized sample of the adult Swedish population (response rate: 46%, N = 1309 subjects) self-reported their condition from the preceding month to assess prevalences of self-report for the studied conditions together with comorbidity group of subjects who reported more than one condition. The 49-item Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) used to assess oral health-related quality of life. RESULTS The most prevalent condition was bad breath (39%), followed by dry mouth (22%), temporomandibular disorders (18%) and burning mouth syndrome (4%). High comorbidity of conditions occurred in 27% of the population. Quality-of-life impairment increased with the number of comorbid conditions. Among individual conditions, burning mouth syndrome and temporomandibular disorders (57% and 40% OHIP points) presented higher impairment than dry mouth and bad breath (32% and 26% OHIP points). CONCLUSIONS Orofacial conditions were common and often coexist. The comorbidity group experienced the highest impact on oral health-related quality of life: the more the comorbid conditions, the greater the negative impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Oghli
- Department of Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Faculty of Odontology, Malmo University, Malmo, Sweden.,Department of Oral Basic Sciences, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia.,Scandinavian Centre for Orofacial Neurosciences, Malmö
| | - T List
- Department of Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Faculty of Odontology, Malmo University, Malmo, Sweden.,Scandinavian Centre for Orofacial Neurosciences, Malmö.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - M John
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - P Larsson
- Department of Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Faculty of Odontology, Malmo University, Malmo, Sweden.,Scandinavian Centre for Orofacial Neurosciences, Malmö.,Centre of Oral Rehabilitation, Norrkoping, Sweden
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68
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Woo HS, Na CW, Lee JH. Design of Highly Selective Gas Sensors via Physicochemical Modification of Oxide Nanowires: Overview. SENSORS 2016; 16:s16091531. [PMID: 27657076 PMCID: PMC5038804 DOI: 10.3390/s16091531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Strategies for the enhancement of gas sensing properties, and specifically the improvement of gas selectivity of metal oxide semiconductor nanowire (NW) networks grown by chemical vapor deposition and thermal evaporation, are reviewed. Highly crystalline NWs grown by vapor-phase routes have various advantages, and thus have been applied in the field of gas sensors over the years. In particular, n-type NWs such as SnO2, ZnO, and In2O3 are widely studied because of their simple synthetic preparation and high gas response. However, due to their usually high responses to C2H5OH and NO2, the selective detection of other harmful and toxic gases using oxide NWs remains a challenging issue. Various strategies—such as doping/loading of noble metals, decorating/doping of catalytic metal oxides, and the formation of core–shell structures—have been explored to enhance gas selectivity and sensitivity, and are discussed herein. Additional methods such as the transformation of n-type into p-type NWs and the formation of catalyst-doped hierarchical structures by branch growth have also proven to be promising for the enhancement of gas selectivity. Accordingly, the physicochemical modification of oxide NWs via various methods provides new strategies to achieve the selective detection of a specific gas, and after further investigations, this approach could pave a new way in the field of NW-based semiconductor-type gas sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Sik Woo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
| | - Chan Woong Na
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
| | - Jong-Heun Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
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Effect of non-surgical periodontal treatment by full-mouth disinfection or scaling and root planing per quadrant in halitosis—a randomized controlled clinical trial. Clin Oral Investig 2016; 21:1545-1552. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-016-1959-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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70
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Wessel SW, van der Mei HC, Maitra A, Dodds MWJ, Busscher HJ. Potential benefits of chewing gum for the delivery of oral therapeutics and its possible role in oral healthcare. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2016; 13:1421-31. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2016.1193154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan W. Wessel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henny C. van der Mei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Henk J. Busscher
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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71
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Factors Associated with Halitosis in White-Collar Employees in Shanghai, China. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155592. [PMID: 27186878 PMCID: PMC4871467 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the factors associated with halitosis in Chinese white-collar employees. Materials and Methods Subjects in three randomly selected office buildings in Shanghai, China, were enrolled in this cross-sectional study using cluster random sampling. Oral malodor was assessed by measuring volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) with a portable sulfide monitor. Subjects’ oral health, including dental caries, periodontal status, and tongue coating, was evaluated clinically. A questionnaire was used to obtain information about participants’ demographic characteristics, oral hygiene habits, and health behaviors. Results Of the 805 subjects invited to participate in this study, 720 were enrolled (89.4% response rate). Data from these subjects were used for statistical analyses. The prevalence of halitosis was 33.2%. In the final regression model, halitosis was significantly related to tongue coating thickness, periodontal pocket depth, no food consumption within 2 hours prior to oral examination, and less intake frequency of sweet foods. Conclusions In this Chinese white-collar population, tongue coating and periodontal disease were associated with halitosis. Oral hygiene education should be provided at the population level to encourage the maintenance of oral health and fresh breath. Consumption of sweet foods may reduce VSC production, although this finding requires further investigation.
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72
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Nakano M, Shimizu E, Wakabayashi H, Yamauchi K, Abe F. A randomized, double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled clinical trial to assess effects of the single ingestion of a tablet containing lactoferrin, lactoperoxidase, and glucose oxidase on oral malodor. BMC Oral Health 2016; 16:37. [PMID: 27001471 PMCID: PMC4802841 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-016-0199-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The main components of oral malodor have been identified as volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) including hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and methyl mercaptan (CH3SH). VSCs also play an important role in the progression of periodontal disease. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of the single ingestion of a tablet containing 20 mg of lactoferrin, 2.6 mg of lactoperoxidase, and 2.6 mg of glucose oxidase on VSCs in the mouth. Method Subjects with VSCs greater than the olfactory threshold in their mouth air ingested a test or placebo tablet in two crossover phases. The concentrations of VSCs were monitored at baseline and 10 and 30 min after ingestion of the tablets using portable gas chromatography. Results Thirty-nine subjects were included in the efficacy analysis based on a full analysis set (FAS). The concentrations of total VSCs and H2S at 10 min were significantly lower in the test group than in the placebo group (−0.246 log ng/10 ml [95 % CI −0.395 to −0.098], P = 0.002; −0.349 log ng/10 ml; 95 % CI −0.506 to −0.192; P < 0.001, respectively). In the subgroup analysis, a significant difference in the concentration of total VSCs between the groups was also observed when subjects were fractionated by sex (male or female) and age (20–55 or 56–65 years). The reducing effect on total VSCs positively correlated with the probing pocket depth (P = 0.035). Conclusions These results suggest that the ingestion of a tablet containing lactoferrin, lactoperoxidase, and glucose oxidase has suppressive effects on oral malodor. Trial registration This trial was registered with the University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trial Registry (number: UMIN000015140, date of registration: 16/09/2014). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12903-016-0199-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Nakano
- Food Ingredients & Technology Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83 Higashihara, Zama, Kanagawa, 252-8583, Japan.
| | - Eiju Shimizu
- Shimizu Dental Clinic, 1066 Kamikobanamachi, Takasaki, 370-0077, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Wakabayashi
- Food Ingredients & Technology Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83 Higashihara, Zama, Kanagawa, 252-8583, Japan
| | - Koji Yamauchi
- Food Ingredients & Technology Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83 Higashihara, Zama, Kanagawa, 252-8583, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Abe
- Food Ingredients & Technology Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83 Higashihara, Zama, Kanagawa, 252-8583, Japan
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73
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Manju M, Prathyusha P, Joseph E, Kaul RB, Shanthraj SL, Sethi N. Evaluation of the effect of three supplementary oral hygiene measures on salivary mutans streptococci levels in children: A randomized comparative clinical trial. Eur J Dent 2016; 9:462-469. [PMID: 26929682 PMCID: PMC4745225 DOI: 10.4103/1305-7456.172616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effect of tongue scraping, tongue brushing, and saturated saline on salivary MS levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS A single-blinded, randomized, parallel group clinical trial was conducted in children aged 9-12 years. Total sample of 45 subjects were randomly assigned to three groups, that is, Group A, Group B, and Group C comprised of 15 each. Group A, Group B, and Group C were asked to do tongue scraping, tongue brushing and saturated saline rinsing twice daily, respectively for 21 days. Saliva samples, collected from the subjects on the baseline, 7(th) day and 21(st) day, were inoculated on mitis salivarius bacitracin agar and incubated at 37°C for 48 h. The mean streptococcal colony forming counts were enumerated. The data were subjected to statistical analysis using Wilcoxon signed rank sum test for intragroup comparisons and Mann-Whitney U-test for intergroup comparisons. RESULTS Intragroup comparisons showed statistically significant reduction in MS levels (P < 0.01). However, the intergroup comparisons showed no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION The oral hygiene measures evaluated proved equal efficacy in reducing the colony counts. Hence, there is a need to emphasize the importance of incorporating supplementary oral hygiene measures in daily oral care.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Manju
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Dr. Syamala Reddy Dental College Hospital and Research Center, Munnekolala, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - P Prathyusha
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, C.K.S Teja Institute of Dental Sciences, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Elizabeth Joseph
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Pushpagiri College of Dental Sciences, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India
| | - Rupali Borkar Kaul
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Darshan Dental College and Hospital, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Srinivas L Shanthraj
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Coorg Institute of Dental Sciences, Virajpet, Karnataka, India
| | - Ntasha Sethi
- Consultant Pediatric Dentist, Total Dental Care, Najafgarh, New Delhi, India
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Wescombe PA, Heng NCK, Burton JP, Tagg JR. Something Old and Something New: An Update on the Amazing Repertoire of Bacteriocins Produced by Streptococcus salivarius. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2016; 2:37-45. [PMID: 26780899 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-009-9026-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus salivarius has an exclusive and intimate association with humans. We are its sole natural host, and its contribution to the relationship appears overwhelmingly benevolent. Beautifully adapted to its preferred habitat, the human tongue, it only rarely ventures far from this location in the healthy host and indeed appears ill-equipped to become invasive due to a scarcity of virulence attributes. We consider that its strategically advantageous lingual location and numerical predominance allow S. salivarius to carry out a population surveillance and modulation role within the oral microbiota. Some strains are armed with complex arrays of targeted antibiotic weaponry, much of which belongs to the lantibiotic class of bacteriocins and a key to their ability to assemble and utilize this armament is their possession of transmissible multi-bacteriocin-encoding megaplasmid DNA. This review traces the origins of research into S. salivarius bacteriocins and bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances, showcases some of the inhibitory activities that we currently have knowledge of, and speculates about potential directions for ongoing investigation and probiotic application of this previously under-rated human commensal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip A Wescombe
- BLIS Technologies Ltd., Centre for Innovation, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Nicholas C K Heng
- Department of Oral Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Jeremy P Burton
- BLIS Technologies Ltd., Centre for Innovation, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - John R Tagg
- BLIS Technologies Ltd., Centre for Innovation, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, P. O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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75
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Grover HS, Blaggana A, Jain Y, Saini N. Detection and measurement of oral malodor in chronic periodontitis patients and its correlation with levels of select oral anaerobes in subgingival plaque. Contemp Clin Dent 2015; 6:S181-7. [PMID: 26604572 PMCID: PMC4632221 DOI: 10.4103/0976-237x.166825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Oral malodor is generally ascribable to oral microbial putrefaction generating malodorous volatile sulfur compounds. The aim of the present study is to correlate organoleptic recordings with a small handheld portable volatile sulfide monitor and periodontal clinical parameters and correlate the levels of halitosis causing bacteria in plaque between baseline, 1-week, and 1-month. Materials and Methods: A total of 20 systemically healthy subjects with self-reported halitosis were subjected to organoleptic examination and FitScan®. Subgingival plaque samples for anaerobic culturing were harvested followed by an assessment of plaque index (PI), gingival bleeding index (GBI), and pocket probing depth. Data derived were subjected to statistical analysis using Wilcoxon signed rank test and Spearman's rank test (P < 0.05). Results: No correlation was seen between organoleptic measurements and portable volatile sulfide monitor at any time interval. There was a statistically significant (P < 0.05) correlation between the scores of PI, gingival index, GBI, and myeloproliferative disease with organoleptic readings at all-time intervals. Anaerobic culture has shown to identify Fusobacterium species, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythia. However, no correlation could be established in between total microbial load with organoleptic and FitScan® reading at any time interval (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Significant correlation could be established between organoleptic readings and periodontal parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Grover
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, S. G. T. University, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Anshu Blaggana
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, S. G. T. University, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Yashika Jain
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, S. G. T. University, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Neha Saini
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, S. G. T. University, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
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Bolepalli AC, Munireddy C, Peruka S, Polepalle T, Choudary Alluri LS, Mishaeel S. Determining the association between oral malodor and periodontal disease: A case control study. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2015; 5:413-8. [PMID: 26539395 PMCID: PMC4606607 DOI: 10.4103/2231-0762.165929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To assess the role of periodontal health in oral malodor causation and compare the two methods (organoleptic and Halimeter) of malodor measurement. Materials and Methods: A total of 240 subjects (60 subjects without any evidence of periodontal disease and 180 patients with gingivitis and periodontitis) were evaluated for periodontal and oral malodor parameters. Periodontal parameters included Plaque Index (PI), Gingival Index (GI), mSBI, calculus component of OHIS, pocket depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL), and oral malodor was assessed by organoleptic scores, Halimeter readings, and Tongue Coating Index (TCI). Results: 80% of the sample when assessed organoleptically (i.e. 192 subjects) and 74.6% when assessed with Halimeter (i.e. 179 subjects) presented with varying degrees of halitosis. All the clinical parameters were significantly associated with oral malodor (P < 0.001). The amount of tongue coating and bleeding on probing played the most important role in increasing VSC concentration, followed by periodontal status, plaque indices, and calculus component. Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of halitosis in the present study population. All the clinical parameters were significantly related to oral malodor in this study, and the results indicate that determining VSC levels with Halimeter is a useful means of diagnosing halitosis objectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Srujankumar Peruka
- Department of Periodontics, Sri Sai College of Dental Surgery, Vikarabad, Telangana, India
| | - Tejaswin Polepalle
- Department of Periodontology, Sibar Institute of Dental Sciences, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | - Shiva Mishaeel
- Department of Periodontics, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Tanda N, Hoshikawa Y, Ishida N, Sato T, Takahashi N, Hosokawa R, Koseki T. Oral malodorous gases and oral microbiota: From halitosis to carcinogenesis. J Oral Biosci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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78
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Association of Fusobacterium Isolation From Periodontal Pockets With Halitosis and the Related Risk Factors in Shiraz, Iran. ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2015. [DOI: 10.5812/archcid.28544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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79
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Leandrin TP, Boeck EM, Ricci HA, Andrade MF, Cerqueira-Leite JBB. Avaliação da percepção pessoal em relação à condição de halitose e confirmação clínica. REVISTA DE ODONTOLOGIA DA UNESP 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-2577.0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ResumoIntroduçãoA halitose é uma condição em que o hálito se apresenta de forma desagradável, acometendo milhares de pessoas e causando impacto negativo para as mesmas.ObjetivoA presente pesquisa em campo buscou avaliar a percepção pessoal em relação à condição de halitose por meio de aplicação de questionário específico e confirmação clínica.Material e métodoA amostra foi composta por 59 indivíduos entre 20 e 60 anos de idade, usuários de Unidades Básicas de Saúde de Araraquara, que foram selecionados de forma aleatória. A metodologia empregada constituiu-se de: i) Assinatura do Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido; ii) Aplicação de questionário especialmente elaborado para esta pesquisa; iii) Confirmação clínica, com a aplicação do teste com halímetro (Tanita Breath Alert CHC-212S). Após o experimento, todos receberam folhetos informativos com dados gerais sobre halitose. Os resultados obtidos foram agrupados em tabelas de contingência, construídas pelo Microsoft Excel, sendo então analisados pelo teste do Qui-quadrado.Resultado e conclusãoApós análises, conclui-se que as pessoas perderam a capacidade de perceber o próprio hálito quando tinham halitose; não tiveram condições de se autoavaliarem de forma eficaz; os fatores de riscos que influenciaram na halitose foram: idade superior aos 40 anos, uso de alguns tipos de medicamentos, algumas patologias, frequência de visita ao Dentista e falhas em procedimentos de higiene bucal, tais como escovação dentária, uso do fio dental, limpeza da língua e limpeza de próteses. Os outros fatores pesquisados não se mostraram estatisticamente suficientes para estabelecerem relação de influência na halitose.
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80
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Ahmad MS, Al-Harbi KM. Behaviors and Management of the Dental Problems by the Residents of Madinah, Saudi Arabia. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015; 16:783-7. [PMID: 26581457 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dental problems are commonly encountered in our lives. Some of the common problems are toothache, bleeding gums and halitosis. OBJECTIVES How the dental problems were handled, and reasons of not seeking dental treatment by the patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was an observational analytical cross-sectional study on adult's age above 14 years from Madinah. RESULTS A total of 400 adults were included; 208 (52%) were males and 192 (48%) were females. Resident encountered toothache surprisingly only 49% sought dental treatment, while (41%) settled for taking medications. Among bleeding gum patients most of them (45%) went to the dentist, while (41%) settled for using the home care. And dealing with halitosis only (17%) went to the dentist. The most common reasons for not seeking dental treatment were fear and long appointments. And mostly they had fear because of dental drill and dental needle. CONCLUSION The most common problems for seeking treatment were toothache followed by bleeding gums and the least was halitosis. Number of people who sought treatment was still a low number. The most common reason that stopped patients from going to the dentist was fear and long appointments. There should be increase of dental clinics and patients should be given dental education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sami Ahmad
- Associate Professor, Department of Preventive Dental Science, College of Dentistry Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia, Phone: 00966531640794, e-mail:
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81
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Nakano M, Shin K, Wakabayashi H, Yamauchi K, Abe F, Hironaka S. Inactivating effects of the lactoperoxidase system on bacterial lyases involved in oral malodour production. J Med Microbiol 2015; 64:1244-1252. [PMID: 26242770 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The main components of oral malodour have been identified as volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs), including hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) and methyl mercaptan (CH(3)SH). The lactoperoxidase (LPO) system (consisting of LPO, glucose oxidase, glucose and thiocyanate) was previously shown to exhibit antimicrobial activities against some oral bacteria in vitro and suppressive effects on VSCs in mouth air in a clinical trial. Here, we examined the in vitro effects of the LPO system on the activities of the bacterial lyases involved in the production of VSCs by oral anaerobes. The exposure of crude bacterial extracts of Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis or purified methionine γ-lyase to the LPO system resulted in the inactivation of their lyase activities through l-cysteine and l-methionine, which was linked to the production of H(2)S and CH(3)SH, respectively. The exposure of living F. nucleatum and P. gingivalis cells to the LPO system resulted in the suppression of cell numbers and lyase activities. The inactivation of the crude bacterial extracts of F. nucleatum and purified methionine γ-lyase by the LPO system was partly recovered by the addition of DTT. Therefore, the LPO system may inactivate bacterial lyases including methionine γ-lyase by reacting with the free cysteine residues of lyases. These results suggested that the LPO system suppresses the production of VSCs not only through its antimicrobial effects, but also by its inactivating effects on the bacterial lyases of F. nucleatum and P. gingivalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Nakano
- Food Ingredients & Technology Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd, 5-1-83 Higashihara, Zama, Kanagawa 252-8583, Japan
| | - Kouichirou Shin
- Food Ingredients & Technology Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd, 5-1-83 Higashihara, Zama, Kanagawa 252-8583, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Wakabayashi
- Food Ingredients & Technology Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd, 5-1-83 Higashihara, Zama, Kanagawa 252-8583, Japan
| | - Koji Yamauchi
- Food Ingredients & Technology Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd, 5-1-83 Higashihara, Zama, Kanagawa 252-8583, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Abe
- Food Ingredients & Technology Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd, 5-1-83 Higashihara, Zama, Kanagawa 252-8583, Japan
| | - Shouji Hironaka
- Department of Special Needs Dentistry, Showa University School of Dentistry, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
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Wu T, He X, Lu H, Bradshaw DJ, Axe A, Loewy Z, Liu H, Shi W, Lux R. Development of In Vitro Denture Biofilm Models for Halitosis Related Bacteria and their Application in Testing the Efficacy of Antimicrobial Agents. Open Dent J 2015; 9:125-31. [PMID: 25926895 PMCID: PMC4407000 DOI: 10.2174/1874210601509010125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective :
Since dentures can serve as a reservoir for halitosis-causing oral bacteria, halitosis development is a concern for denture wearers. In this study, we surveyed the prevalence of four selected halitosis-related species (Fusobacterium nucleatum, Tannerella forsythia, Veillonella atypica and Klebsiella pneumoniae) in clinical denture plaque samples, and developed denture biofilm models for these species in vitro to facilitate assessment of antimicrobial treatment efficacy. Design : Denture plaque from ten healthy and ten denture stomatitis patients was screened for the presence of aforementioned four species by PCR. Biofilm formation by these halitosis-associated species on the surfaces of denture base resin (DBR) discs was evaluated by crystal violet staining and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The efficacy of denture cleanser treatment on these mono-species biofilms was evaluated by colony counting. Results : 80% of the subjects in the denture stomatitis group and 60% in the healthy group contained at least one of the targeted halitosis-related species in their denture plaque. All halitosis species tested were able to form biofilms on DBR disc surfaces to varying degrees. These in vitro mono-species resin biofilm models were used to evaluate the efficacy of denture cleansers, which exhibited differential efficacies. When forming biofilms on resin surfaces, the halitosis-related species displayed enhanced resistance to denture cleansers compared with their planktonic counterparts. Conclusion : The four selected halitosis-related bacterial species examined in this study are present on the majority of dentures. The mono-species biofilm models established on DBR discs for these species are an efficient screening tool for dental product evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingxi Wu
- School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Xuesong He
- School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Hongyang Lu
- West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Alyson Axe
- GlaxoSmithKline, Family Oral Health, Weybridge, UK
| | - Zvi Loewy
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Touro College of Pharmacy, New York, NY, USA
| | - Honghu Liu
- School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Wenyuan Shi
- School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Renate Lux
- School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
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83
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Mendes L, Coimbra J, Pereira AL, Resende M, Pinto MG. Comparative effect of a new mouthrinse containing chlorhexidine, triclosan and zinc on volatile sulphur compounds: a randomized, crossover, double-blind study. Int J Dent Hyg 2015; 14:202-8. [PMID: 25727335 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aims of this study were to compare the volatile sulphur compounds (VSC)-reducing effect of two commercial mouthrinses using a morning bad breath model and to assess the role of mechanical plaque control (MPC) when performed previously to mouthrinse use. PATIENTS AND METHODS Eleven volunteers with good oral health were enrolled in a double-blind, randomized, six-step crossover design study with a 7-day washout period. Two commercial mouthrinses were tested using a saline solution (NaCl 0.9%) as a negative control: one mouthrinse contained 0.05% chlorhexidine, 0.05% cetylpyridinium chloride and 0.14% zinc lactate (CHX-CPC-Zn), while the other contained 0.05% chlorhexidine, 0.15% triclosan and 0.18% zinc pidolate (CHX-triclosan-Zn). A portable sulphide monitor (Halimeter(®) ) was used for VSC quantification. Measurements were made at baseline, and 1, 3 and 5 h after rinsing. Significant differences were detected by analysis of variance. RESULTS No significant differences between groups were detected at baseline. We were unable to demonstrate a significant influence of mechanical plaque control on the reduction of VSC levels when performed before mouthrinse use (P = 0.631). Both mouthrinses effectively lowered VSC levels in all test intervals (P < 0.05). No statistically significant differences were found between mouthrinses in any of the test intervals (P = 0.629, 0.069 and 0.598 at 1, 3 and 5 h). CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that CHX-CPC-Zn and CHX-triclosan-Zn have significant and similar effects in reducing VSC levels, which persist for at least 5 h. Such effects were independent of previous MPC, which failed to improve on the results of mouthrinse use alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Mendes
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine of Oporto, Oporto University, Porto, Portugal
| | - J Coimbra
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine of Oporto, Oporto University, Porto, Portugal
| | - A L Pereira
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine of Oporto, Oporto University, Porto, Portugal
| | - M Resende
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine of Oporto, Oporto University, Porto, Portugal
| | - M G Pinto
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine of Oporto, Oporto University, Porto, Portugal
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84
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G. Soares L, Castagna L, C. Weyne S, G. Silva D, E. V. Falabella M, M. B. Tinoco E. Effectiveness of full- and partial-mouth disinfection on halitosis in periodontal patients. J Oral Sci 2015; 57:1-6. [DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.57.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Léo G. Soares
- Department of Periodontology, University of the Estate of Rio de Janeiro
| | - Lisiane Castagna
- Department of Periodontology, University of the Estate of Rio de Janeiro
| | | | | | - Márcio E. V. Falabella
- Department of Periodontology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora
- Department of Periodontology, University of Grande Rio
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85
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Lee SH, Baek DH. Effects of Streptococcus thermophilus on volatile sulfur compounds produced by Porphyromonas gingivalis. Arch Oral Biol 2014; 59:1205-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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86
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Rech RS, Santos KWD, Maahs MAP, Vidor DCGM. Masticatory changes as a result of oral disorders in smokers. Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2014; 18:369-75. [PMID: 25992124 PMCID: PMC4297031 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1385843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction For chewing to occur properly, it is necessary that all oral structures are present and of normal standard. Objectives The aim of this study is to verify the presence of oral changes in smokers and the impact of the changes on masticatory function compared with individuals who never smoked. Methods Forty-eight subjects were evaluated, split into two study groups (24 subjects each) of current tobacco users and individuals who have never smoked. The variables halitosis, presence of lesions suggestive of caries and periodontal problems, number of teeth, classification of malocclusions according to angle, standard grinding food, chewing pattern, and speed of chewing were evaluated. Results There was no statistically significant difference in tooth loss between the groups, but the smokers had more losses manifesting malocclusion. Most smokers had halitosis and lesions suggestive of caries and periodontal problems; the halitosis was associated with the latter variable. Masticatory speed was also reduced significantly in these individuals compared with the control group when associated with occlusal alterations, in addition to grinding food with the tongue. No difference was observed regarding the chewing pattern. The presence of halitosis and periodontal problems were more common in those who smoke more than 20 years. Conclusion There is an association between smoking and dental changes, which cause increased masticatory changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Soares Rech
- Department of Fonoaudiologia, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Karoline Weber dos Santos
- Department of Fonoaudiologia, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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87
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Adler I, Muiño A, Aguas S, Harada L, Diaz M, Lence A, Labbrozzi M, Muiño JM, Elsner B, Avagnina A, Denninghoff V. Helicobacter pylori and oral pathology: Relationship with the gastric infection. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:9922-9935. [PMID: 25110422 PMCID: PMC4123373 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i29.9922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) has been found in the oral cavity and stomach, and its infection is one of the most frequent worldwide. We reviewed the literature and conducted a Topic Highlight, which identified studies reporting an association between H. pylori-infection in the oral cavity and H. pylori-positive stomach bacterium. This work was designed to determine whether H. pylori is the etiologic agent in periodontal disease, recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), squamous cell carcinoma, burning and halitosis. Record selection focused on the highest quality studies and meta-analyses. We selected 48 articles reporting on the association between saliva and plaque and H. pylori-infection. In order to assess periodontal disease data, we included 12 clinical trials and 1 meta-analysis. We evaluated 13 published articles that addressed the potential association with RAS, and 6 with squamous cell carcinoma. Fourteen publications focused on our questions on burning and halitosis. There is a close relation between H. pylori infection in the oral cavity and the stomach. The mouth is the first extra-gastric reservoir. Regarding the role of H. pylori in the etiology of squamous cell carcinoma, no evidence is still available.
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88
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Greenman J, Lenton P, Seemann R, Nachnani S. Organoleptic assessment of halitosis for dental professionals—general recommendations. J Breath Res 2014; 8:017102. [DOI: 10.1088/1752-7155/8/1/017102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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89
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The current literature regarding the effects of the gaseous signal molecule hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in the gastrointestinal system is reviewed. Bacterial, host and pharmaceutical-derived H2S are all considered and presented according to the physiological or pathophysiological effects of the gaseous signal molecule. These subjects include the toxicology of intestinal H2S with emphasis on bacterial-derived H2S, especially from sulfate-reducing bacteria, the role of endogenous and exogenous H2S in intestinal inflammation, and the roles of H2S in gastrointestinal motility, secretion and nociception. RECENT ADVANCES While its pro- and anti-inflammatory, smooth muscle relaxant, prosecretory, and pro- and antinociceptive actions continue to remain the major effects of H2S in this system; recent findings have expanded the potential molecular targets for H2S in the gastrointestinal tract. CRITICAL ISSUES Numerous discrepancies remain in the literature, and definitive molecular targets in this system have not been supported by the use of competitive antagonism. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Future work will hopefully resolve discrepancies in the literature and identify molecular targets and mechanisms of action for H2S. It is clear from the current literature that the long-appreciated relationship between H2S and the gastrointestinal tract continues to be strong as we endeavor to unravel its mysteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Linden
- Enteric NeuroScience Program, Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine , Rochester, Minnesota
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90
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MORITA Y, IMAI S, HANYUDA A, MATIN K, HANADA N, NAKAMURA Y. Effect of silver ion coating of fixed orthodontic retainers on the growth of oral pathogenic bacteria. Dent Mater J 2014; 33:268-74. [DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2013-216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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91
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Ileri Keceli T, Gulmez D, Dolgun A, Tekcicek M. The relationship between tongue brushing and halitosis in children: a randomized controlled trial. Oral Dis 2013; 21:66-73. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 11/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T Ileri Keceli
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry Faculty of Dentistry Hacettepe University Ankara Turkey
| | - D Gulmez
- Department of Medical Microbiology Faculty of Medicine Hacettepe University Ankara Turkey
| | - A Dolgun
- Department of Biostatistics Faculty of Medicine Hacettepe University Ankara Turkey
| | - M Tekcicek
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry Faculty of Dentistry Hacettepe University Ankara Turkey
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92
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Vancauwenberghe F, Dadamio J, Laleman I, Van Tornout M, Teughels W, Coucke W, Quirynen M. The role of
Solobacterium moorei
in oral malodour. J Breath Res 2013; 7:046006. [DOI: 10.1088/1752-7155/7/4/046006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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93
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Winnier JJ, Rupesh S, Nayak UA, Reddy V, Prasad Rao A. The comparative evaluation of the effects of tongue cleaning on existing plaque levels in children. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2013; 6:188-92. [PMID: 25206220 PMCID: PMC4086606 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study compared and evaluated the effects of tongue scraping and tongue brushing on existing plaque levels in children. The investigation was a single blind, stratified comparison of three parallel groups of children who performed either tongue scraping or tongue brushing along with tooth brushing or only tooth brushing twice daily under professional supervision for a 21 day period. Dental plaque was recorded using the plaque index described by Silness and Loe at baseline, on day 10 and on day 21. All data was subjected to statistical analysis using Wilcoxon's Signed Ranks Sum Test and Mann-Whitney U-test. The results of the present study show that the tongue scraping and tongue brushing groups showed statistically significant reductions in plaque levels after 10 days and also after 21 days. It was also noted that both tongue scraping and tongue brushing were equally effective in reducing the plaque load in children. How to cite this article: Winnier JJ, Rupesh S, Nayak UA, Reddy V, Rao AP. The Comparative Evaluation of the Effects of Tongue Cleaning on Existing Plaque Levels in Children. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2013;6(3):188-192.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jasmin Winnier
- Associate Professor, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry Dr DY Patil Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - S Rupesh
- Associate Professor, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Pushpagiri College of Dental Sciences, Kottayam, Kerala India, e-mail:
| | - Ullal Anand Nayak
- Professor, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry Mahatma Gandhi Dental College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Venugopal Reddy
- Professor, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Rajah Muthiah Dental College and Hospital, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Arun Prasad Rao
- Professor, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Rajah Muthiah Dental College and Hospital, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu India
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94
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Hammami R, Fernandez B, Lacroix C, Fliss I. Anti-infective properties of bacteriocins: an update. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:2947-67. [PMID: 23109101 PMCID: PMC11113238 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1202-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Revised: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Bacteriocin production is a widespread phenomenon among bacteria. Bacteriocins hold great promise for the treatment of diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria and could be used in the future as alternatives to existing antibiotics. The anti-infective potential of bacteriocins for inhibiting pathogens has been shown in various food matrices including cheese, meat, and vegetables. However, their inhibition of pathogens in vivo remains unclear and needs more investigation, due mainly to difficulties associated with demonstrating their health benefits. Many bacteriocins produced by established or potential probiotic organisms have been evaluated as potential therapeutic agents and interesting findings have been documented in vitro as well as in a few in vivo studies. Some recent in vivo studies point to the efficacy of bacteriocin-based treatments of human and animal infections. While further investigation remains necessary before the possibilities for bacteriocins in clinical practice can be described more fully, this review provides an overview of their potential applications to human and veterinary health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riadh Hammami
- STELA Dairy Research Centre, Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods Institute, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada.
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95
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Turbidity of mouthrinsed water as a screening index for oral malodor. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2013; 116:203-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2013.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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96
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Siqueira JF, Rôças IN. As-yet-uncultivated oral bacteria: breadth and association with oral and extra-oral diseases. J Oral Microbiol 2013; 5:21077. [PMID: 23717756 PMCID: PMC3664057 DOI: 10.3402/jom.v5i0.21077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that 40–60% of the bacteria found in different healthy and diseased oral sites still remain to be grown in vitro, phenotypically characterized, and formally named as species. The possibility exists that these as-yet-uncultivated bacteria play important ecological roles in oral bacterial communities and may participate in the pathogenesis of several oral infectious diseases. There is also a potential for these as-yet-uncultivated oral bacteria to take part in extra-oral infections. For a comprehensive characterization of physiological and pathogenic properties as well as antimicrobial susceptibility of individual bacterial species, strains need to be grown in pure culture. Advances in culturing techniques have allowed the cultivation of several oral bacterial taxa only previously known by a 16S rRNA gene sequence signature, and novel species have been proposed. There is a growing need for developing improved methods to cultivate and characterize the as-yet-uncultivated portion of the oral microbiome so as to unravel its role in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- José F Siqueira
- Department of Endodontics and Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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97
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Abstract
Halitosis is formed by volatile molecules which are caused because of pathological or nonpathological reasons and it originates from an oral or a non-oral source. It is very common in general population and nearly more than 50% of the general population have halitosis. Although halitosis has multifactorial origins, the source of 90% cases is oral cavity such as poor oral hygiene, periodontal disease, tongue coat, food impaction, unclean dentures, faulty restorations, oral carcinomas, and throat infections. Halitosis affects a person's daily life negatively, most of people who complain about halitosis refer to the clinic for treatment but in some of the people who can suffer from halitosis, there is no measurable halitosis. There are several methods to determine halitosis. Halitosis can be treated if its etiology can be detected rightly. The most important issue for treatment of halitosis is detection etiology or determination its source by detailed clinical examination. Management may include simple measures such as scaling and root planning, instructions for oral hygiene, tongue cleaning, and mouth rinsing. The aim of this review was to describe the etiological factors, prevalence data, diagnosis, and the therapeutic mechanical and chemical approaches related to halitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahadır Uğur Aylıkcı
- Department of Periodontology, Kirikkale University Dental Faculty, Kirikkale, Turkey
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98
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Pham TAV, Ueno M, Shinada K, Kawaguchi Y. Factors affecting oral malodor in periodontitis and gingivitis patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 3:284-90. [PMID: 23129143 DOI: 10.1111/j.2041-1626.2012.00155.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To examine the associations between oral health status, the presence of N-benzoyl-DL-arginine-2-naphthylamide-positive bacteria, and oral malodor in periodontal patients. METHODS A total of 137 periodontitis and 80 gingivitis patients were included in the study. Oral malodor was measured by an organoleptic test and the OralChroma. An oral examination was conducted, including the assessment of decayed teeth, periodontal status, and tongue coating. The presence of N-benzoyl-DL-arginine-2-naphthylamide-positive bacteria in the subgingiva, tongue coating, and saliva was evaluated by the N-benzoyl-DL-arginine-2-naphthylamide test. RESULTS In the periodontitis group, oral malodor was significantly correlated with decayed teeth, periodontal parameters, and tongue coating. Among the N-benzoyl-DL-arginine-2-naphthylamide test parameters, the highest correlation of oral malodor was found with N-benzoyl-DL-arginine-2-naphthylamide subgingiva, followed by N-benzoyl-DL-arginine-2-naphthylamide tongue coating and N-benzoyl-DL-arginine-2-naphthylamide saliva. In the gingivitis group, oral malodor was significantly correlated with the plaque index, bleeding on probing, and tongue coating. Among the N-benzoyl-DL-arginine-2-naphthylamide test parameters, the highest correlation of oral malodor was found with N-benzoyl-DL-arginine-2-naphthylamide tongue coating, followed by N-benzoyl-DL-arginine-2-naphthylamide saliva and N-benzoyl-DL-arginine-2-naphthylamide subgingiva. CONCLUSION Dental plaque, bleeding on probing, tongue coating, and N-benzoyl-DL-arginine-2-naphthylamide-positive bacteria contribute to oral malodor, but with different degrees in periodontitis and gingivitis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy A V Pham
- Department of Periodontology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam.
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99
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Harvey-Woodworth CN. Dimethylsulphidemia: the significance of dimethyl sulphide in extra-oral, blood borne halitosis. Br Dent J 2013; 214:E20. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2013.329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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100
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Pham TAV. Relationship of a turbidity of an oral rinse with oral health and malodor in Vietnamese patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 5:131-7. [PMID: 23559558 DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM In the present study, the relationship between the turbidity of mouth-rinse water and oral health conditions, including oral malodor, in patients with (n = 148) and without (n = 231) periodontitis was examined. METHODS The turbidity of 20 mL distilled water that the patients rinsed in their mouths 10 times was measured using a turbidimeter. Oral malodor was evaluated using an organoleptic test and Oral Chroma. Oral health conditions, including decayed teeth, periodontal status, oral hygiene status, proteolytic activity of the N-benzoyl-dl-arginine-2-napthilamide (BANA) test on the tongue coating, and salivary flow rate, were assessed. RESULTS Turbidity showed significant correlations with oral malodor and all oral health parameters in the periodontitis group. In the non-periodontitis group, turbidity showed significant correlations with oral malodor and oral health parameters, including dental plaque, tongue coating, BANA test, and salivary flow rate. The regression analysis indicated that turbidity was significantly associated with methyl mercaptan and the BANA test in the periodontitis group, and with hydrogen sulfide, dental plaque, tongue coating, and salivary flow rate in the non-periodontitis group. CONCLUSION The findings of the present study indicate that the turbidity of mouth-rinse water could be used as an indicator of oral health conditions, including oral malodor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy A V Pham
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Odonto-Stomatology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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