51
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Hirakata T, Matsuda A, Yokomizo T. Leukotriene B 4 receptors as therapeutic targets for ophthalmic diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158756. [PMID: 32535236 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is an inflammatory lipid mediator produced from arachidonic acid by multiple reactions catalyzed by two enzymes 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) and LTA4 hydrolase (LTA4H). The two receptors for LTB4 have been identified: a high-affinity receptor, BLT1, and a low-affinity receptor, BLT2. Our group identified 12(S)-hydroxy-5Z,8E,10E-heptadecatrienoic acid (12-HHT) as a high-affinity BLT2 ligand. Numerous studies have revealed critical roles for LTB4 and its receptors in various systemic diseases. Recently, we also reported the roles of LTB4, BLT1 and BLT2 in the murine ophthalmic disease models of mice including cornea wound, allergic conjunctivitis, and age-related macular degeneration. Moreover, other groups revealed the evidence of the ocular function of LTB4. In the present review, we introduce the roles of LTB4 and its receptors both in ophthalmic diseases and systemic inflammatory diseases. LTB4 and its receptors are putative novel therapeutic targets for systemic and ophthalmic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Hirakata
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Matsuda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takehiko Yokomizo
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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52
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Hosooka T, Hosokawa Y, Matsugi K, Shinohara M, Senga Y, Tamori Y, Aoki C, Matsui S, Sasaki T, Kitamura T, Kuroda M, Sakaue H, Nomura K, Yoshino K, Nabatame Y, Itoh Y, Yamaguchi K, Hayashi Y, Nakae J, Accili D, Yokomizo T, Seino S, Kasuga M, Ogawa W. The PDK1-FoxO1 signaling in adipocytes controls systemic insulin sensitivity through the 5-lipoxygenase-leukotriene B 4 axis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:11674-11684. [PMID: 32393635 PMCID: PMC7261087 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1921015117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Although adipocytes are major targets of insulin, the influence of impaired insulin action in adipocytes on metabolic homeostasis remains unclear. We here show that adipocyte-specific PDK1 (3'-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1)-deficient (A-PDK1KO) mice manifest impaired metabolic actions of insulin in adipose tissue and reduction of adipose tissue mass. A-PDK1KO mice developed insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, and hepatic steatosis, and this phenotype was suppressed by additional ablation of FoxO1 specifically in adipocytes (A-PDK1/FoxO1KO mice) without an effect on adipose tissue mass. Neither circulating levels of adiponectin and leptin nor inflammatory markers in adipose tissue differed between A-PDK1KO and A-PDK1/FoxO1KO mice. Lipidomics and microarray analyses revealed that leukotriene B4 (LTB4) levels in plasma and in adipose tissue as well as the expression of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) in adipose tissue were increased and restored in A-PDK1KO mice and A-PDK1/FoxO1KO mice, respectively. Genetic deletion of the LTB4 receptor BLT1 as well as pharmacological intervention to 5-LO or BLT1 ameliorated insulin resistance in A-PDK1KO mice. Furthermore, insulin was found to inhibit LTB4 production through down-regulation of 5-LO expression via the PDK1-FoxO1 pathway in isolated adipocytes. Our results indicate that insulin signaling in adipocytes negatively regulates the production of LTB4 via the PDK1-FoxO1 pathway and thereby maintains systemic insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Hosooka
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 650-0017 Kobe, Japan
| | - Yusei Hosokawa
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 650-0017 Kobe, Japan
| | - Kaku Matsugi
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 650-0017 Kobe, Japan
| | - Masakazu Shinohara
- Division of Epidemiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 650-0017 Kobe, Japan
- The Integrated Center for Mass Spectrometry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 650-0017 Kobe, Japan
| | - Yoko Senga
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 650-0017 Kobe, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Tamori
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 650-0017 Kobe, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chibune General Hospital, 555-0001 Osaka, Japan
| | - Chikako Aoki
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 650-0017 Kobe, Japan
| | - Sho Matsui
- Metabolic Signal Research Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 371-8512 Maebashi, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Sasaki
- Metabolic Signal Research Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 371-8512 Maebashi, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Kitamura
- Metabolic Signal Research Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 371-8512 Maebashi, Japan
| | - Masashi Kuroda
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 770-8503 Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sakaue
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 770-8503 Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nomura
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 650-0017 Kobe, Japan
| | - Kei Yoshino
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 650-0017 Kobe, Japan
| | - Yuko Nabatame
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 650-0017 Kobe, Japan
| | - Yoshito Itoh
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 602-8566 Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kanji Yamaguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 602-8566 Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshitake Hayashi
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Medical Genetics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 650-0017 Kobe, Japan
| | - Jun Nakae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 160-8582 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Domenico Accili
- Department of Medicine and Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, NY 10032
| | - Takehiko Yokomizo
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 113-8421 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Susumu Seino
- Division of Molecular and Metabolic Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 650-0017 Kobe, Japan
| | - Masato Kasuga
- The Institute for Adult Diseases, Asahi Life Foundation, 103-0002 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Ogawa
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 650-0017 Kobe, Japan;
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53
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He R, Chen Y, Cai Q. The role of the LTB4-BLT1 axis in health and disease. Pharmacol Res 2020; 158:104857. [PMID: 32439596 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is a major type of lipid mediator that is rapidly generated from arachidonic acid through sequential action of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO), 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein (FLAP) and LTA4 hydrolase (LTA4H) in response to various stimuli. LTB4 is well known to be a chemoattractant for leukocytes, particularly neutrophils, via interaction with its high-affinity receptor BLT1. Extensive attention has been paid to the role of the LTB4-BLT1 axis in acute and chronic inflammatory diseases, such as infectious diseases, allergy, autoimmune diseases, and metabolic disease via mediating recruitment and/or activation of different types of inflammatory cells depending on different stages or the nature of inflammatory response. Recent studies also demonstrated that LTB4 acts on non-immune cells via BLT1 to initiate and/or amplify pathological inflammation in various tissues. In addition, emerging evidence reveals a complex role of the LTB4-BLT1 axis in cancer, either tumor-inhibitory or tumor-promoting, depending on the different target cells. In this review, we summarize both established understanding and the most recent progress in our knowledge about the LTB4-BLT1 axis in host defense, inflammatory diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui He
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Cai
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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54
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Horii Y, Nakaya M, Ohara H, Nishihara H, Watari K, Nagasaka A, Nakaya T, Sugiura Y, Okuno T, Koga T, Tanaka A, Yokomizo T, Kurose H. Leukotriene B 4 receptor 1 exacerbates inflammation following myocardial infarction. FASEB J 2020; 34:8749-8763. [PMID: 32385915 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000041r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Leukotriene B4 receptor 1 (BLT1), a high-affinity G-protein-coupled receptor for leukotriene B4 (LTB4 ), is expressed on various inflammatory cells and plays critical roles in several inflammatory diseases. In myocardial infarction (MI), various inflammatory cells are known to be recruited to the infarcted area, but the function of BLT1 in MI is poorly understood. Here, we investigated the role of BLT1 in MI and the therapeutic effect of a BLT1 antagonist, ONO-4057, on MI. Mice with infarcted hearts showed increased BLT1 expression and LTB4 levels. BLT1-knockout mice with infarcted hearts exhibited attenuated leukocyte infiltration, proinflammatory cytokine production, and cell death, which led to reduced mortality and improved cardiac function after MI. Bone-marrow transplantation studies showed that BLT1 expressed on bone marrow-derived cells was responsible for the exacerbation of inflammation in infarcted hearts. Furthermore, ONO-4057 administration attenuated the inflammatory responses in hearts surgically treated for MI, which resulted in reduced mortality and improved cardiac function after MI. Our study demonstrated that BLT1 contributes to excessive inflammation after MI and could represent a new therapeutic target for MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuma Horii
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Michio Nakaya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,AMED-PRIME, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ohara
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nishihara
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenji Watari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akiomi Nagasaka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takeo Nakaya
- Department of Pathology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yuki Sugiura
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Okuno
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Koga
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Tanaka
- Department of Pathology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Takehiko Yokomizo
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kurose
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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55
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Kurakin GF, Lopina NP, Bordina GE. Comparative Computational Modeling of Agonist Binding to the Leukotriene Receptors BLT1 and BLT2. Mol Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893320020107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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56
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Sasaki F, Yokomizo T. The leukotriene receptors as therapeutic targets of inflammatory diseases. Int Immunol 2020; 31:607-615. [PMID: 31135881 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxz044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukotrienes (LTs) are inflammatory mediators derived from arachidonic acid. LTs include the di-hydroxy acid LT (LTB4) and the cysteinyl LTs (CysLTs; LTC4, LTD4 and LTE4), all of which are involved in both acute and chronic inflammation. We and other groups identified a high-affinity LTB4 receptor, BLT1; the LTC4 and LTD4 receptors, CysLT1 and CysLT2; and the LTE4 receptor, GPR99. Pharmacological studies have shown that BLT1 signaling stimulates degranulation, chemotaxis and phagocytosis of neutrophils, whereas CysLT1 and CysLT2 signaling induces airway inflammation by increasing vascular permeability and the contraction of bronchial smooth muscle. Recently, we and other groups suggested that the LTB4-BLT1 axis and the cysteinyl LTs-CysLT1/2 axis are involved in chronic inflammatory diseases including asthma, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, atherosclerosis, arthritis, obesity, cancer and age-related macular degeneration using animal models for disease and gene knockout mice. This review describes the classical and novel functions of LTs and their receptors in several inflammatory diseases and discusses the potential clinical applications of antagonists for LT receptors and inhibitors of LT biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiyuki Sasaki
- Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takehiko Yokomizo
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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57
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Im DS. Maresin-1 resolution with RORα and LGR6. Prog Lipid Res 2020; 78:101034. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2020.101034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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58
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Comprehensive cell surface proteomics defines markers of classical, intermediate and non-classical monocytes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4560. [PMID: 32165698 PMCID: PMC7067879 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61356-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocytes are a critical component of the cellular innate immune system, and can be subdivided into classical, intermediate and non-classical subsets on the basis of surface CD14 and CD16 expression. Classical monocytes play the canonical role of phagocytosis, and account for the majority of circulating cells. Intermediate and non-classical cells are known to exhibit varying levels of phagocytosis and cytokine secretion, and are differentially expanded in certain pathological states. Characterisation of cell surface proteins expressed by each subset is informative not only to improve understanding of phenotype, but may also provide biological insights into function. Here we use highly multiplexed Tandem-Mass-Tag (TMT)-based mass spectrometry with selective cell surface biotinylation to characterise the classical monocyte surface proteome, then interrogate the phenotypic differences between each monocyte subset to identify novel protein markers.
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59
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Toda K, Tsukayama I, Nagasaki Y, Konoike Y, Tamenobu A, Ganeko N, Ito H, Kawakami Y, Takahashi Y, Miki Y, Yamamoto K, Murakami M, Suzuki-Yamamoto T. Red-kerneled rice proanthocyanidin inhibits arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase and decreases psoriasis-like skin inflammation. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 689:108307. [PMID: 32112739 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
5-lipoxygenase is a key enzyme in the synthesis of leukotrienes from arachidonic acid. The produced leukotrienes are involved in inflammatory diseases including psoriasis, asthma, and atherosclerosis. A suitable 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor might be useful for preventing and improving the symptoms of leukotriene-related inflammatory diseases. Here, we investigate the mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory effect of a proanthocyanidin found in red-kerneled rice. Red-kerneled rice proanthocyanidin exhibited potent mixed noncompetitive inhibition of human and rat 5-lipoxygenases, with an IC50 values of 15.1 μM against human enzyme, and 7.0 μM against rat enzyme, respectively. This compound decreased leukotriene B4 production in rat basophilic leukemia-2H3 cells. In imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like mouse skin, topical application of the proanthocyanidin suppressed hyperplasia, decreased inflammatory cell infiltration, and down-regulated expression of the psoriasis-associated genes Il17a, Il22, S100a9, and Krt1. Lipid metabolome analysis by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry showed that red-kerneled rice proanthocyanidin treatment of psoriasis-like mouse skin dose-dependently decreased the production of leukotriene B4 but no other arachidonate metabolites. Red-kerneled rice proanthocyanidin inhibits 5-lipoxygenase, resulting in a decrease in leukotriene B4 production and psoriasis-like mouse skin inflammation. These results suggest that this proanthocyanidin may be therapeutically effective for treating leukotriene-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Toda
- Department of Nutritional Science, Okayama Prefectural University, 111 Kuboki, Soja, Okayama, 719-1197, Japan
| | - Izumi Tsukayama
- Department of Nutritional Science, Okayama Prefectural University, 111 Kuboki, Soja, Okayama, 719-1197, Japan
| | - Yuki Nagasaki
- Department of Nutritional Science, Okayama Prefectural University, 111 Kuboki, Soja, Okayama, 719-1197, Japan
| | - Yuka Konoike
- Department of Nutritional Science, Okayama Prefectural University, 111 Kuboki, Soja, Okayama, 719-1197, Japan; Department of Nutrition and Life Science, Fukuyama University, Sanzo, Gakuen-cho 1, Fukuyama, Hiroshima, 729-0292, Japan
| | - Asako Tamenobu
- Department of Nutritional Science, Okayama Prefectural University, 111 Kuboki, Soja, Okayama, 719-1197, Japan
| | - Natsuki Ganeko
- Department of Nutritional Science, Okayama Prefectural University, 111 Kuboki, Soja, Okayama, 719-1197, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Ito
- Department of Nutritional Science, Okayama Prefectural University, 111 Kuboki, Soja, Okayama, 719-1197, Japan
| | - Yuki Kawakami
- Department of Nutritional Science, Okayama Prefectural University, 111 Kuboki, Soja, Okayama, 719-1197, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Takahashi
- Department of Nutritional Science, Okayama Prefectural University, 111 Kuboki, Soja, Okayama, 719-1197, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Miki
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental and Metabolic Health Sciences, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kei Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Science, Tokushima University, 2-1, Minami-jyosanjima-cho, Tokushima, 770-8513, Japan
| | - Makoto Murakami
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental and Metabolic Health Sciences, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Toshiko Suzuki-Yamamoto
- Department of Nutritional Science, Okayama Prefectural University, 111 Kuboki, Soja, Okayama, 719-1197, Japan.
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60
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Giusti F, Casiraghi M, Point E, Damian M, Rieger J, Bon CL, Pozza A, Moncoq K, Banères JL, Catoire LJ. Structure of the agonist 12-HHT in its BLT2 receptor-bound state. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2630. [PMID: 32060341 PMCID: PMC7021728 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59571-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
G Protein-Coupled receptors represent the main communicating pathway for signals from the outside to the inside of most of eukaryotic cells. They define the largest family of integral membrane receptors at the surface of the cells and constitute the main target of the current drugs on the market. The low affinity leukotriene receptor BLT2 is a receptor involved in pro- and anti-inflammatory pathways and can be activated by various unsaturated fatty acid compounds. We present here the NMR structure of the agonist 12-HHT in its BLT2-bound state and a model of interaction of the ligand with the receptor based on a conformational homology modeling associated with docking simulations. Put into perspective with the data obtained with leukotriene B4, our results illuminate the ligand selectivity of BLT2 and may help define new molecules to modulate the activity of this receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Giusti
- Laboratoire de Biologie Physico-Chimique des Protéines Membranaires, UMR 7099, CNRS/Université de Paris, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique (FRC 550), 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005, Paris, France.,Institut de Chimie Séparative de Marcoule, ICSM UMR 5257, Site de Marcoule, Bâtiment 426, BP 17171, F-30207, Bagnols sur Cèze Cedex, France
| | - Marina Casiraghi
- Laboratoire de Biologie Physico-Chimique des Protéines Membranaires, UMR 7099, CNRS/Université de Paris, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique (FRC 550), 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005, Paris, France.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, 94305, Stanford California, USA
| | - Elodie Point
- Laboratoire de Biologie Physico-Chimique des Protéines Membranaires, UMR 7099, CNRS/Université de Paris, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique (FRC 550), 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Marjorie Damian
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS, Université Montpellier, ENSCM, , 15 av. Charles Flahault, 34093, Montpellier, France
| | - Jutta Rieger
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 8232, Equipe Chimie des Polymères, 4 place Jussieu, 75252, Paris Cedex, 05, France
| | - Christel Le Bon
- Laboratoire de Biologie Physico-Chimique des Protéines Membranaires, UMR 7099, CNRS/Université de Paris, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique (FRC 550), 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Pozza
- Laboratoire de Biologie Physico-Chimique des Protéines Membranaires, UMR 7099, CNRS/Université de Paris, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique (FRC 550), 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Karine Moncoq
- Laboratoire de Biologie Physico-Chimique des Protéines Membranaires, UMR 7099, CNRS/Université de Paris, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique (FRC 550), 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Louis Banères
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS, Université Montpellier, ENSCM, , 15 av. Charles Flahault, 34093, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurent J Catoire
- Laboratoire de Biologie Physico-Chimique des Protéines Membranaires, UMR 7099, CNRS/Université de Paris, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique (FRC 550), 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005, Paris, France.
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61
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Golenkina EA, Viryasova GM, Dolinnaya NG, Bannikova VA, Gaponova TV, Romanova YM, Sud’ina GF. The Potential of Telomeric G-quadruplexes Containing Modified Oligoguanosine Overhangs in Activation of Bacterial Phagocytosis and Leukotriene Synthesis in Human Neutrophils. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E249. [PMID: 32041263 PMCID: PMC7072695 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human neutrophils are the first line of defense against bacterial and viral infections. They eliminate pathogens through phagocytosis, which activate the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) pathway resulting in synthesis of leukotrienes. Using HPLC analysis, flow cytometry, and other biochemical methods, we studied the effect of synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotides (ODNs) able to fold into G-quadruplex structures on the main functions of neutrophils. Designed ODNs contained four human telomere TTAGGG repeats (G4) including those with phosphorothioate oligoguanosines attached to the end(s) of G-quadruplex core. Just modified analogues of G4 was shown to more actively than parent ODN penetrate into cells, improve phagocytosis of Salmonella typhimurium bacteria, affect 5-LOX activation, the cytosol calcium ion level, and the oxidative status of neutrophils. As evident from CD and UV spectroscopy data, the presence of oligoguanosines flanking G4 sequence leads to dramatic changes in G-quadruplex topology. While G4 folds into a single antiparallel structure, two main folded forms have been identified in solutions of modified ODNs: antiparallel and dominant, more stable parallel. Thus, both the secondary structure of ODNs and their ability to penetrate into the cytoplasm of cells are important for the activation of neutrophil cellular effects. Our results offer new clues for understanding the role of G-quadruplex ligands in regulation of integral cellular processes and for creating the antimicrobial agents of a new generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina A. Golenkina
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow 119234, Russia; (E.A.G.); (G.M.V.)
| | - Galina M. Viryasova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow 119234, Russia; (E.A.G.); (G.M.V.)
| | - Nina G. Dolinnaya
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Chemistry, Moscow 119234, Russia; (N.G.D.); (V.A.B.)
| | - Valeria A. Bannikova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Chemistry, Moscow 119234, Russia; (N.G.D.); (V.A.B.)
| | - Tatjana V. Gaponova
- National Research Center for Hematology, Russia Federation Ministry of Public Health, Moscow 125167, Russia;
| | - Yulia M. Romanova
- Gamaleya National Research Centre of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow 123098, Russia;
| | - Galina F. Sud’ina
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow 119234, Russia; (E.A.G.); (G.M.V.)
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Lee N, Jae Y, Kim M, Cho T, Lee C, Hong YR, Hyeon DY, Ahn S, Kwon H, Kim K, Jung JH, Chae S, Shin JO, Bok J, Byun Y, Hwang D, Koo J. A pathogen-derived metabolite induces microglial activation via odorant receptors. FEBS J 2020; 287:3841-3870. [PMID: 32003140 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Microglia (MG), the principal neuroimmune sentinels in the brain, continuously sense changes in their environment and respond to invading pathogens, toxins, and cellular debris, thereby affecting neuroinflammation. Microbial pathogens produce small metabolites that influence neuroinflammation, but the molecular mechanisms that determine whether pathogen-derived small metabolites affect microglial activation of neuroinflammation remain to be elucidated. We hypothesized that odorant receptors (ORs), the largest subfamily of G protein-coupled receptors, are involved in microglial activation by pathogen-derived small metabolites. We found that MG express high levels of two mouse ORs, Olfr110 and Olfr111, which recognize a pathogenic metabolite, 2-pentylfuran, secreted by Streptococcus pneumoniae. These interactions activate MG to engage in chemotaxis, cytokine production, phagocytosis, and reactive oxygen species generation. These effects were mediated through the Gαs -cyclic adenosine monophosphate-protein kinase A-extracellular signal-regulated kinase and Gβγ -phospholipase C-Ca2+ pathways. Taken together, our results reveal a novel interplay between the pathogen-derived metabolite and ORs, which has major implications for our understanding of microglial activation by pathogen recognition. DATABASE: Model data are available in the PMDB database under the accession number PM0082389.
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Affiliation(s)
- NaHye Lee
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, Korea.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu, Korea
| | - YoonGyu Jae
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, Korea.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu, Korea
| | - Minhyung Kim
- Center for Plant Aging Research, DGIST, Daegu, Korea
| | - TaeHo Cho
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, Korea
| | - ChaeEun Lee
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yu Ri Hong
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, Korea
| | | | - Sanghyun Ahn
- Center for Plant Aging Research, DGIST, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hongmok Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong, Korea
| | - Kyul Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong, Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Jung
- Center for Plant Aging Research, DGIST, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sehyun Chae
- Center for Plant Aging Research, DGIST, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jeong-Oh Shin
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jinwoong Bok
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youngjoo Byun
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong, Korea
| | - Daehee Hwang
- Center for Plant Aging Research, DGIST, Daegu, Korea.,Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Korea
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63
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Emre C, Hjorth E, Bharani K, Carroll S, Granholm AC, Schultzberg M. Receptors for pro-resolving mediators are increased in Alzheimer's disease brain. Brain Pathol 2020; 30:614-640. [PMID: 31912564 PMCID: PMC8018009 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a key element of AD pathology and conceivably a result of a disturbed resolution. Resolution of inflammation is an active process which is strictly orchestrated following the acute inflammatory response after removal of the inflammatory stimuli. Acute inflammation is actively terminated by specialized pro‐resolving mediators (SPMs) thereby promoting healing and return to homeostasis. Failed resolution may contribute to persistent neuroinflammation and aggravate AD pathology. BLT1 (leukotriene B4 receptor) and ChemR23 (chemerin receptor 23) are receptors for the SPM resolvin (Rv) E1 and are important clinical targets for ending inflammation. In AD, the levels of SPMs are decreased, and pro‐inflammatory mediators are increased. In the current study, the distribution of BLT1 and ChemR23 receptors in control brains and in AD as well as correlations with AD pathology was examined for the first time. BLT1 and ChemR23 were analyzed in different regions of post‐mortem human brain from cases with AD, early‐onset AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and healthy controls, using western blotting and immunohistochemistry. BLT1 and ChemR23 were detected in neurons and glial cells in all examined regions of the human brain, with markedly higher levels in AD than in controls. The receptor levels correlated with the density of staining for the inflammation markers HLA‐DR and YKL‐40 for microglia and astrocytes, respectively, and elevated staining coincided with high Braak stages in AD. The relative staining densities of these receptors were higher in the basal forebrain, cingulate gyrus and hippocampal regions compared to the cerebellum and frontal cortex (BA46). In conclusion, alterations in the expression of the resolution receptor BLT1 in AD have not been reported previously and the changes in both BLT1 and ChemR23 suggest a disturbed resolution pathway in several regions of the AD brain that may play a role in disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceren Emre
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Section of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Hjorth
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Section of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Krishna Bharani
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Steven Carroll
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | | | - Marianne Schultzberg
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Section of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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64
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Park J, Langmead CJ, Riddy DM. New Advances in Targeting the Resolution of Inflammation: Implications for Specialized Pro-Resolving Mediator GPCR Drug Discovery. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2020; 3:88-106. [PMID: 32259091 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.9b00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a component of numerous diseases including autoimmune, metabolic, neurodegenerative, and cancer. The discovery and characterization of specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) critical to the resolution of inflammation, and their cognate G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) has led to a significant increase in the understanding of this physiological process. Approximately 20 ligands, including lipoxins, resolvins, maresins, and protectins, and 6 receptors (FPR2/ALX, GPR32, GPR18, chemerin1, BLT1, and GPR37) have been identified highlighting the complex and multilayered nature of resolution. Therapeutic efforts in targeting these receptors have proved challenging, with very few ligands apparently progressing through to preclinical or clinical development. To date, some knowledge gaps remain in the understanding of how the activation of these receptors, and their downstream signaling, results in efficient resolution via apoptosis, phagocytosis, and efferocytosis of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (mainly neutrophils) and macrophages. SPMs bind and activate multiple receptors (ligand poly-pharmacology), while most receptors are activated by multiple ligands (receptor pleiotropy). In addition, allosteric binding sites have been identified signifying the capacity of more than one ligand to bind simultaneously. These fundamental characteristics of SPM receptors enable alternative targeting strategies to be considered, including biased signaling and allosteric modulation. This review describes those ligands and receptors involved in the resolution of inflammation, and highlights the most recent clinical trial results. Furthermore, we describe alternative mechanisms by which these SPM receptors could be targeted, paving the way for the identification of new therapeutics, perhaps with greater efficacy and fidelity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Park
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Christopher J Langmead
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Darren M Riddy
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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65
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Hilliard KA, Blaho VA, Jackson CD, Brown CR. Leukotriene B4 receptor BLT1 signaling is critical for neutrophil apoptosis and resolution of experimental Lyme arthritis. FASEB J 2019; 34:2840-2852. [PMID: 31908031 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902014r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Eicosanoids are powerful mediators of inflammation and are known to drive both the progression and regression of arthritis. We previously reported the infection of C3H 5-lipoxygenase (LO)-deficient mice with Borrelia burgdorferi results in prolonged nonresolving Lyme arthritis. Here we define the role of the 5-LO metabolite leukotriene (LT)B4 and its high-affinity receptor, BLT1, in this response. C3H and C3H BLT1-/- mice were infected with B. burgdorferi and arthritis progression was monitored by ankle swelling over time. Similar to 5-LO-/- mice, BLT1-/- mice developed nonresolving Lyme arthritis characterized by increased neutrophils in the joint at later time points than WT mice, but with fewer apoptotic (caspase-3+ ) neutrophils. In vitro, BLT1-/- neutrophils were defective in their ability to undergo apoptosis due to the lack of LTB4 -mediated down-regulation of cAMP, subsequent failure to induce Death-Inducing Signaling Complex (DISC) components, and decreased FasL and CD36 expression. Inhibition of adenylyl cyclase with SQ 22,536 restored BLT1-/- BMN apoptosis, FasL and CD36 expression, and clearance by macrophages. We conclude that LTB4/BLT1 signaling has an unexpected critical role in mediating neutrophil apoptosis via the down-regulation of cAMP. Loss of BLT1 signaling led to defective clearance of neutrophils from the inflamed joint and failed arthritis resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinsey A Hilliard
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Victoria A Blaho
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Christa D Jackson
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Charles R Brown
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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66
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Ding CW, Luo W, Zhou JY, Ma XJ, Chen GH, Zhou XP, Li D. Hydroxo Iron(III) Sites in a Metal-Organic Framework: Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer and Catalytic Oxidation of Alcohol with Molecular Oxygen. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:45621-45628. [PMID: 31724842 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b15311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Metalloenzymes are powerful biocatalysts that can catalyze particular chemical reactions with high activity, selectivity, and specificity under mild conditions. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) composed of metal ions or metal clusters and organic ligands with defined cavities have the potential to impart enzyme-like catalytic activity and mimic metalloenzymes. Here, a new metal-organic framework implanted with hydroxo iron(III) sites with the structural and reactivity characteristics of iron-containing lipoxygenases is reported. Similar to lipoxygenases, the hydrogen atoms and electrons of the substrate can transfer to the hydroxo iron(III) sites, showing typical proton-coupled electron transfer behavior. In the reactivity mimicking biology system, similar to alcohol oxidase, the material also catalyses the oxidation of alcohol into aldehyde by using O2 with a high yield and 100% selectivity under mild conditions, without the use of a radical cocatalyst or photoexcitation. These results provide strong evidence for the high structural fidelity of enzymatically active sites in MOF materials, verifying that MOFs provide an ideal platform for designing biomimetic heterogeneous catalysts with high conversion efficiency and product selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong-Wei Ding
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science , Jinan University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510632 , P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry , Shantou University , Shantou , Guangdong 515063 , P. R. China
| | - Wenzhi Luo
- Department of Chemistry , Shantou University , Shantou , Guangdong 515063 , P. R. China
| | - Jie-Yi Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science , Jinan University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510632 , P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry , Shantou University , Shantou , Guangdong 515063 , P. R. China
| | - Xin-Jie Ma
- Department of Chemistry , Shantou University , Shantou , Guangdong 515063 , P. R. China
| | - Guang-Hui Chen
- Department of Chemistry , Shantou University , Shantou , Guangdong 515063 , P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Ping Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science , Jinan University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510632 , P. R. China
| | - Dan Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science , Jinan University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510632 , P. R. China
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67
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Chiang N, Libreros S, Norris PC, de la Rosa X, Serhan CN. Maresin 1 activates LGR6 receptor promoting phagocyte immunoresolvent functions. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:5294-5311. [PMID: 31657786 PMCID: PMC6877300 DOI: 10.1172/jci129448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Resolution of acute inflammation is an active process orchestrated by endogenous mediators and mechanisms pivotal in host defense and homeostasis. The macrophage mediator in resolving inflammation, maresin 1 (MaR1), is a potent immunoresolvent, stimulating resolution of acute inflammation and organ protection. Using an unbiased screening of greater than 200 GPCRs, we identified MaR1 as a stereoselective activator for human leucine-rich repeat containing G protein-coupled receptor 6 (LGR6), expressed in phagocytes. MaR1 specificity for recombinant human LGR6 activation was established using reporter cells expressing LGR6 and functional impedance sensing. MaR1-specific binding to LGR6 was confirmed using 3H-labeled MaR1. With human and mouse phagocytes, MaR1 (0.01-10 nM) enhanced phagocytosis, efferocytosis, and phosphorylation of a panel of proteins including the ERK and cAMP response element-binding protein. These MaR1 actions were significantly amplified with LGR6 overexpression and diminished by gene silencing in phagocytes. Thus, we provide evidence for MaR1 as an endogenous activator of human LGR6 and a novel role of LGR6 in stimulating MaR1's key proresolving functions of phagocytes.
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68
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Luo Y, Wang L, Peng A, Liu JY. Metabolic profiling of human plasma reveals the activation of 5-lipoxygenase in the acute attack of gouty arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2019; 58:345-351. [PMID: 30247644 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/key284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Monosodium urate-induced inflammation plays a vital role in acute gout (AG). Inflammation is a multi-stage process involved in the acute release of arachidonic acid and its metabolites. However, the function of the metabolism of arachidonic acid and other polyunsaturated fatty acids in AG is not well understood. This study aimed to investigate the modification of polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism by AG. Methods Plasma samples from patients with an AG attack (n = 26) and gender-matched healthy controls (n = 26) were analysed by metabolic profiling of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The findings were further validated with a second cohort (n = 20 each group). The associated mechanisms were investigated in whole blood cells from the second cohort and neutrophils in vitro. Results Plasma metabolic profiling revealed a significant increase in leukotriene B4 (LTB4) for AG patients in both cohorts. The increase in plasma LTB4 was accounted for by the dynamic balance between the activation of 5-lipoxygenase and CYP4F3, the former mediating the biosynthesis of LTB4 and the latter mediating its metabolism. This was supported by significantly increased transcriptional levels of 5-lipoxygenase and CYP4F3 in whole blood cells from AG patients compared with those of controls, and the uric acid-caused dose-relevant and time-dependent activation of 5-lipoxygenase and CYP4F3 at the transcriptional and molecular levels in vitro. Conclusion Increased LTB4 in AG patients is mainly due to activation of 5-lipoxygenase. 5-Lipoxygenase inhibition may be of therapeutic value clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Luo
- Center for Nephrology & Metabolomics, Division of Nephrology & Rheumatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Center for Nephrology & Metabolomics, Division of Nephrology & Rheumatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ai Peng
- Center for Nephrology & Metabolomics, Division of Nephrology & Rheumatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun-Yan Liu
- Center for Nephrology & Metabolomics, Division of Nephrology & Rheumatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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69
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BLT1 mediates commensal bacteria-dependent innate immune signals to enhance antigen-specific intestinal IgA responses. Mucosal Immunol 2019; 12:1082-1091. [PMID: 31142830 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-019-0175-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Leukotriene B4 receptor 1 (BLT1) triggers the migration of granulocytes and activated T cells; however, its role in B-cell function remains unclear. Here we report that BLT1 is required to induce the production of antigen-specific IgA against oral vaccine through mediating innate immune signals from commensal bacteria. B cells acquire BLT1 expression during their differentiation to IgA+ B cells and plasma cells in Peyer's patches and the small intestinal lamina propria, respectively. BLT1 KO mice exhibited impaired production of antigen-specific fecal IgA to oral vaccine despite normal IgG responses to systemically immunized antigen. Expression of MyD88 was decreased in BLT1 KO gut B cells and consequently led to diminished proliferation of commensal bacteria-dependent plasma cells. These results indicate that BLT1 enhances the proliferation of commensal bacteria-dependent IgA+ plasma cells through the induction of MyD88 and thereby plays a key role in the production of antigen-specific intestinal IgA.
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70
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Jo-Watanabe A, Okuno T, Yokomizo T. The Role of Leukotrienes as Potential Therapeutic Targets in Allergic Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143580. [PMID: 31336653 PMCID: PMC6679143 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukotrienes (LTs) are lipid mediators that play pivotal roles in acute and chronic inflammation and allergic diseases. They exert their biological effects by binding to specific G-protein-coupled receptors. Each LT receptor subtype exhibits unique functions and expression patterns. LTs play roles in various allergic diseases, including asthma (neutrophilic asthma and aspirin-sensitive asthma), allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, allergic conjunctivitis, and anaphylaxis. This review summarizes the biology of LTs and their receptors, recent developments in the area of anti-LT strategies (in settings such as ongoing clinical studies), and prospects for future therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airi Jo-Watanabe
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Okuno
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Takehiko Yokomizo
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
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71
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Jagusch H, Werner M, Okuno T, Yokomizo T, Werz O, Pohnert G. An Alternative Pathway to Leukotriene B4 Enantiomers Involving a 1,8-Diol-Forming Reaction of an Algal Oxylipin. Org Lett 2019; 21:4667-4670. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hans Jagusch
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Department of Instrumental Analytics/Bioorganic Analytics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Markus Werner
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Toshiaki Okuno
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Takehiko Yokomizo
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Oliver Werz
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Georg Pohnert
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Department of Instrumental Analytics/Bioorganic Analytics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
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72
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Alarcón-Vila C, Pizzuto M, Pelegrín P. Purinergic receptors and the inflammatory response mediated by lipids. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2019; 47:90-96. [PMID: 30952060 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The inflammatory response is regulated by the production of different extracellular mediators, including lipids and extracellular nucleotides. In the extracellular environment, intermediate lipids activate specific G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in target cells and promote cell recruitment and activation. Extracellular nucleotides activate two types of receptors, the ionotropic purinergic P2X and the metabotropic purinergic P2Y receptors, inducing the release of cytokines and promoting cell recruitment. Several P2X receptors are associated with an increase in the production of immunoactive lipids mediators, which in turn are able to interfere with the activation of different P2Y receptors, establishing a tight signalling link between purinergic receptors and lipid mediators. In this review, we summarise recent studies indicating signalling crosstalk between purinergic P2X and P2Y receptor activation and lipid mediators with a focus on inflammatory diseases. Novel concepts arising from this crosstalk would result in the development of combinatorial therapies targeting lipid synthesis together with individual P2 receptors for the management of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Alarcón-Vila
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria IMIB-Arrixaca, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Malvina Pizzuto
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria IMIB-Arrixaca, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pablo Pelegrín
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria IMIB-Arrixaca, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain.
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Watrous JD, Niiranen TJ, Lagerborg KA, Henglin M, Xu YJ, Rong J, Sharma S, Vasan RS, Larson MG, Armando A, Mora S, Quehenberger O, Dennis EA, Cheng S, Jain M. Directed Non-targeted Mass Spectrometry and Chemical Networking for Discovery of Eicosanoids and Related Oxylipins. Cell Chem Biol 2019; 26:433-442.e4. [PMID: 30661990 PMCID: PMC6636917 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Eicosanoids and related oxylipins are critical, small bioactive mediators of human physiology and inflammation. While ∼1,100 distinct species have been predicted to exist, to date, less than 150 of these molecules have been measured in humans, limiting our understanding of their role in human biology. Using a directed non-targeted mass spectrometry approach in conjunction with chemical networking of spectral fragmentation patterns, we find over 500 discrete chemical signals highly consistent with known and putative eicosanoids and related oxylipins in human plasma including 46 putative molecules not previously described. In plasma samples from 1,500 individuals, we find members of this expanded oxylipin library hold close association with markers of inflammation, as well as clinical characteristics linked with inflammation, including advancing age and obesity. These experimental and computational approaches enable discovery of new chemical entities and will shed important insight into the role of bioactive molecules in human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeramie D Watrous
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Teemu J Niiranen
- Department of Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland
| | - Kim A Lagerborg
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Mir Henglin
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yong-Jiang Xu
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jian Rong
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA; Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sonia Sharma
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ramachandran S Vasan
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; Sections of Preventive Medicine and Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martin G Larson
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA; Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aaron Armando
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Samia Mora
- Center for Lipid Metabolomics, Divisions of Preventive and Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Oswald Quehenberger
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Edward A Dennis
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Susan Cheng
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA; Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Mohit Jain
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
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Role of the high-affinity leukotriene B4 receptor signaling in fibrosis after unilateral ureteral obstruction in mice. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0202842. [PMID: 30818366 PMCID: PMC6394974 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is a lipid mediator that acts as a potent chemoattractant for inflammatory leukocytes. Kidney fibrosis is caused by migrating inflammatory cells and kidney-resident cells. Here, we examined the role of the high-affinity LTB4 receptor BLT1 during development of kidney fibrosis induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) in wild-type (WT) mice and BLT1 knockout (BLT1-/-) mice. We found elevated expression of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), which generates LTB4, in the renal tubules of UUO kidneys from WT mice and BLT1-/- mice. Accumulation of immunoreactive type I collagen in WT UUO kidneys increased over time; however, the increase was less prominent in BLT1-/- UUO kidneys. Accumulation of S100A4-positive fibroblasts increased temporally in WT UUO kidneys, but was again less pronounced in-BLT1-/- UUO kidneys. The same was true of mRNA encoding transforming growth factor-β (TGF)-β and fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2. Finally, accumulation of F4/80-positive macrophages, which secrete TGF-β, increased temporally in WT UUO and BLT1-/- UUO kidneys, but to a lesser extent in the latter. Following LTB4 stimulation in vitro, macrophages showed increased expression of mRNA encoding TGF-β/FGF-2 and Col1a1, whereas L929 fibroblasts showed increased expression of mRNA encoding α smooth muscle actin (SMA). Bone marrow (BM) transplantation studies revealed that the area positive for type I collagen was significantly smaller in BLT1-/—BM→WT than in WT-BM→WT. Thus, LTB4-BLT1 signaling plays a critical role in fibrosis in UUO kidneys by increasing accumulation of macrophages and fibroblasts. Therefore, blocking BLT1 may prevent renal fibrosis.
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Archambault AS, Poirier S, Lefebvre JS, Robichaud PP, Larose MC, Turcotte C, Martin C, Provost V, Boudreau LH, McDonald PP, Laviolette M, Surette ME, Flamand N. 20-Hydroxy- and 20-carboxy-leukotriene (LT) B4
downregulate LTB4
-mediated responses of human neutrophils and eosinophils. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 105:1131-1142. [DOI: 10.1002/jlb.ma0718-306r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Archambault
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval; Département de médecine; Faculté de médecine; Université Laval; Québec City QC G1V 4G5 Canada
| | - Samuel Poirier
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval; Département de médecine; Faculté de médecine; Université Laval; Québec City QC G1V 4G5 Canada
- Département de chimie et de biochimie; Université de Moncton; Moncton NB E1A 3E9 Canada
| | - Julie-S Lefebvre
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval; Département de médecine; Faculté de médecine; Université Laval; Québec City QC G1V 4G5 Canada
| | | | - Marie-Chantal Larose
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval; Département de médecine; Faculté de médecine; Université Laval; Québec City QC G1V 4G5 Canada
| | - Caroline Turcotte
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval; Département de médecine; Faculté de médecine; Université Laval; Québec City QC G1V 4G5 Canada
| | - Cyril Martin
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval; Département de médecine; Faculté de médecine; Université Laval; Québec City QC G1V 4G5 Canada
| | - Véronique Provost
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval; Département de médecine; Faculté de médecine; Université Laval; Québec City QC G1V 4G5 Canada
| | - Luc H. Boudreau
- Département de chimie et de biochimie; Université de Moncton; Moncton NB E1A 3E9 Canada
| | - Patrick P. McDonald
- Centre de recherche du CHUS et Faculté de Médecine; Université de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke QC J1H 5N4 Canada
| | - Michel Laviolette
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval; Département de médecine; Faculté de médecine; Université Laval; Québec City QC G1V 4G5 Canada
| | - Marc E. Surette
- Département de chimie et de biochimie; Université de Moncton; Moncton NB E1A 3E9 Canada
| | - Nicolas Flamand
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval; Département de médecine; Faculté de médecine; Université Laval; Québec City QC G1V 4G5 Canada
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76
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Kanaoka Y, Austen KF. Roles of cysteinyl leukotrienes and their receptors in immune cell-related functions. Adv Immunol 2019; 142:65-84. [PMID: 31296303 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The cysteinyl leukotrienes (cys-LTs), leukotriene C4, (LTC4), LTD4, and LTE4, are lipid mediators of inflammation. LTC4 is the only intracellularly synthesized cys-LT through the 5-lipoxygenase and LTC4 synthase pathway and after transport is metabolized to LTD4 and LTE4 by specific extracellular peptidases. Each cys-LT has a preferred functional receptor in vivo; LTD4 to the type 1 cys-LT receptor (CysLT1R), LTC4 to CysLT2R, and LTE4 to CysLT3R (OXGR1 or GPR99). Recent studies in mouse models revealed that there are multiple regulatory mechanisms for these receptor functions and each receptor plays a distinct role as observed in different mouse models of inflammation and immune responses. This review focuses on the integrated host responses to the cys-LT/CysLTR pathway composed of sequential ligands with preferred receptors as seen from mouse models. It also discusses potential therapeutic targets for LTC4 synthase, CysLT2R, and CysLT3R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihide Kanaoka
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - K Frank Austen
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.
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77
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Krishnamoorthy N, Abdulnour REE, Walker KH, Engstrom BD, Levy BD. Specialized Proresolving Mediators in Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses in Airway Diseases. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:1335-1370. [PMID: 29717929 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00026.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Airborne pathogens and environmental stimuli evoke immune responses in the lung. It is critical to health that these responses be controlled to prevent tissue damage and the compromise of organ function. Resolution of inflammation is a dynamic process that is coordinated by biochemical and cellular mechanisms. Recently, specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs) have been identified in resolution exudates. These molecules orchestrate anti-inflammatory and proresolving actions that are cell type specific. In this review, we highlight SPM biosynthesis, the influence of SPMs on the innate and adaptive immune responses in the lung, as well as recent insights from SPMs on inflammatory disease pathophysiology. Uncovering these mediators and cellular mechanisms for resolution is providing new windows into physiology and disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandini Krishnamoorthy
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts ; and Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Raja-Elie E Abdulnour
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts ; and Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Katherine H Walker
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts ; and Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Braden D Engstrom
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts ; and Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bruce D Levy
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts ; and Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
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78
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A 5‑lipoxygenase-specific sequence motif impedes enzyme activity and confers dependence on a partner protein. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1864:543-551. [PMID: 30291962 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Leukotrienes (LT) are lipid mediators of the inflammatory response that play key roles in diseases such as asthma and atherosclerosis. The precursor leukotriene A4 (LTA4) is synthesized from arachidonic acid (AA) by 5‑lipoxygenase (5-LOX), a membrane-associated enzyme, with the help of 5‑lipoxygenase-activating protein (FLAP), a nuclear transmembrane protein. In lipoxygenases the main chain carboxylate of the C-terminus is a ligand for the non-heme iron and thus part of the catalytic center. We investigated the role of a lysine-rich sequence (KKK653-655) 20 amino acids upstream of the C-terminus unique to 5-LOX that might displace the main-chain carboxylate in the iron coordination sphere. A 5-LOX mutant in which KKK653-655 is replaced by ENL was transfected into HEK293 cells in the absence and presence of FLAP. This mutant gave ~20-fold higher 5-LOX product levels in stimulated HEK cells relative to the wild-type 5-LOX. Co-expression of the enzymes with FLAP led to an equalization of 5-LOX products detected, with wild-type 5-LOX product levels increased and those from the mutant enzyme decreased. These data suggest that the KKK motif limits 5-LOX activity and that this attenuated activity must be compensated by the presence of FLAP as a partner protein for effective LT biosynthesis.
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79
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Sasaki F, Koga T, Ohba M, Saeki K, Okuno T, Ishikawa K, Nakama T, Nakao S, Yoshida S, Ishibashi T, Ahmadieh H, Kanavi MR, Hafezi-Moghadam A, Penninger JM, Sonoda KH, Yokomizo T. Leukotriene B4 promotes neovascularization and macrophage recruitment in murine wet-type AMD models. JCI Insight 2018; 3:96902. [PMID: 30232269 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.96902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a progressive chronic disease of the central retina, is associated with aging and is a leading cause of blindness worldwide. Here, we demonstrate that leukotriene B4 (LTB4) receptor 1 (BLT1) promotes laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in a mouse model for wet-type AMD. CNV was significantly less in BLT1-deficient (BLT1-KO) mice compared with BLT1-WT controls. Expression of several proangiogenic and profibrotic factors was lower in BLT1-KO eyes than in BLT1-WT eyes. LTB4 production in the eyes was substantially increased in the early phase after laser injury. BLT1 was highly expressed in M2 macrophages in vitro and in vivo, and ocular BLT1+ M2 macrophages were increased in the aged eyes after laser injury. Furthermore, M2 macrophages were rapidly attracted by LTB4 and subsequently produced VEGF-A- through BLT1-mediated signaling. Consequently, intravitreal injection of M2 macrophages augmented CNV formation, which was attenuated by BLT1 deficiency. Thus, laser-induced injury to the retina triggered LTB4 production and attracted M2 macrophages via BLT1, leading to development of CNV. A selective BLT1 antagonist (CP105696) and 3 LTB4 inhibitors (zileuton, MK-886, and bestatin) reduced CNV in a dose-dependent manner. CP105696 also inhibited the accumulation of BLT1+ M2 macrophages in the laser-injured eyes of aged mice. Together, these results indicate that the LTB4-BLT1 axis is a potentially novel therapeutic target for CNV of wet-type AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiyuki Sasaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Koga
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mai Ohba
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuko Saeki
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Okuno
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keijiro Ishikawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takahito Nakama
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shintaro Nakao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shigeo Yoshida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Ishibashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hamid Ahmadieh
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mozhgan Rezaei Kanavi
- Ocular Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Hafezi-Moghadam
- Molecular Biomarkers Nano-Imaging Laboratory, Brigham & Women's Hospital, and Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Josef M Penninger
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna, Austria
| | - Koh-Hei Sonoda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takehiko Yokomizo
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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80
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Nakanishi Y, Tan M, Ichiki T, Inoue A, Yoshihara JI, Maekawa N, Takenoshita I, Yanagida K, Yamahira S, Yamaguchi S, Aoki J, Nagamune T, Yokomizo T, Shimizu T, Nakamura M. Stepwise phosphorylation of leukotriene B 4 receptor 1 defines cellular responses to leukotriene B 4. Sci Signal 2018; 11:11/544/eaao5390. [PMID: 30131369 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aao5390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) receptor type 1 (BLT1) is abundant in phagocytic and immune cells and plays crucial roles in various inflammatory diseases. BLT1 is phosphorylated at several serine and threonine residues upon stimulation with the inflammatory lipid LTB4 Using Phos-tag gel electrophoresis to separate differentially phosphorylated forms of BLT1, we identified two distinct types of phosphorylation, basal and ligand-induced, in the carboxyl terminus of human BLT1. In the absence of LTB4, the basal phosphorylation sites were modified to various degrees, giving rise to many different phosphorylated forms of BLT1. Different concentrations of LTB4 induced distinct phosphorylation events, and these ligand-induced modifications facilitated additional phosphorylation events at the basal phosphorylation sites. Because neutrophils migrate toward inflammatory sites along a gradient of LTB4, the degree of BLT1 phosphorylation likely increases in parallel with the increase in LTB4 concentration as the cells migrate. At high concentrations of LTB4, deficiencies in these two types of phosphorylation events impaired chemotaxis and β-hexosaminidase release, a proxy for degranulation, in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) and rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) cells, respectively. These results suggest that an LTB4 gradient around inflammatory sites enhances BLT1 phosphorylation in a stepwise manner to facilitate the precise migration of phagocytic and immune cells and the initiation of local responses, including degranulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimitsu Nakanishi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Modong Tan
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takako Ichiki
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Yoshihara
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-0005, Japan
| | - Naoto Maekawa
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-0005, Japan
| | - Itsuki Takenoshita
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-0005, Japan
| | - Keisuke Yanagida
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shinya Yamahira
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamaguchi
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Junken Aoki
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan.,Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Teruyuki Nagamune
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takehiko Yokomizo
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Takao Shimizu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Department of Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Motonao Nakamura
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-0005, Japan.
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81
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Jarosz AC, Badawi A. Metabolites of prostaglandin synthases as potential biomarkers of Lyme disease severity and symptom resolution. Inflamm Res 2018; 68:7-17. [PMID: 30121835 PMCID: PMC6314976 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-018-1180-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lyme disease or Lyme borreliosis (LB) is the commonest vector-borne disease in the North America. It is an inflammatory disease caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi. The role of the inflammatory processes mediated by prostaglandins (PGs), thromboxanes and leukotrienes (LTs) in LB severity and symptoms resolution is yet to be elucidated. Objectives We aim to systematically review and evaluate the role of PGs and related lipid mediators in the induction and resolution of inflammation in LB. Methods We conducted a comprehensive search in PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE(R), Embase and Embase Classic to identify cell-culture, animal and human studies reporting the changes in PGs and related lipid mediators of inflammation during the course of LB. Results We identified 18 studies to be included into this systematic review. The selected reports consisted of seven cell-culture studies, seven animal studies, and four human studies (from three patient populations). Results from cell-culture and animal studies suggest that PGs and other lipid mediators of inflammation are elevated in LB and may contribute to disease development. The limited number of human studies showed that subjects with Lyme meningitis, Lyme arthritis (LA) and antibiotic-refractory LA had increased levels of an array of PGs and lipid mediators (e.g., LTB4, 8-isoPGF2α, and phospholipases A2 activity). Levels of these markers were significantly reduced following the treatment with antibiotics or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Conclusion Dysregulation of prostaglandins and related lipid mediators may play a role in the etiology of LB and persistence of inflammation that may lead to long-term complications. Further investigation into the precise levels of a wide range of PGs and related factors is critical as it may propose novel markers that can be used for early diagnosis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00011-018-1180-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Caroline Jarosz
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, FitzGerald Building, 150 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S3E2, Canada
| | - Alaa Badawi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, FitzGerald Building, 150 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S3E2, Canada.
- Public Health Risk Sciences Division, Public Health Agency of Canada, 180 Queen Street West, Toronto, ON, M5V 3L7, Canada.
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82
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Ohba M, Saeki K, Koga T, Okuno T, Kobayashi Y, Yokomizo T. Profiling of bioactive lipids in different dendritic cell subsets using an improved multiplex quantitative LC-MS/MS method. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 504:562-568. [PMID: 29890138 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Lipids are an energy source and key components of the cell membrane; however, they are also bioactive mediators of physiological and pathophysiological phenomena. Quantification of bioactive lipids is not easy because they have diverse chemical properties and are present in trace amounts. Here, we improved a multiplex method of quantifying bioactive lipids, thereby enabling measurement of 90 compounds simultaneously. We then used this system to quantify bioactive lipids produced by two subsets of dendritic cells (DCs): all-trans retinoic acid-treated DCs (RA-DCs) (a type of tolerogenic DC (tDC)) and conventional DCs (cDCs). We found that cDCs produced inflammatory lipid mediators such as leukotrienes, whereas RA-DCs produced anti-inflammatory lipid mediators such as prostaglandin I2. Consistent with this, cDCs expressed larger amounts of mRNA encoding 5-lipoxygenase and LTA4 hydrolase (both responsible for leukotriene biosynthesis) and RA-DCs produced larger amounts of mRNA encoding prostaglandin I2 synthase. Taken together, the results suggest that the method is useful for clarifying the roles of bioactive lipids during immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Ohba
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuko Saeki
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Tomoaki Koga
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Honjo 2-2-1, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Okuno
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kobayashi
- Department of Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho 4259, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takehiko Yokomizo
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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83
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Gelfand EW. Importance of the leukotriene B4-BLT1 and LTB4-BLT2 pathways in asthma. Semin Immunol 2018; 33:44-51. [PMID: 29042028 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
For several decades, the leukotriene pathways have been implicated as playing a central role in the pathophysiology of asthma. The presence and elevation of numerous metabolites in the blood, sputum, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from asthmatics or experimental animals adds support to this notion. However, targeting of the leukotriene pathways has had, in general, limited success. The single exception in asthma therapy has been targeting of the cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1, which clinically has proven effective but only in certain clinical situations. Interference with 5-lipoxygenase has had limited success, in part due to adverse drug effects. The importance of the LTB4-BLT1 pathway in asthma pathogenesis has extensive experimental support and findings, albeit limited, from clinical samples. The LTB4-BLT1 pathway was shown to be important as a neutrophil chemoattractant. Despite observations made more than two decades ago, the LTB4-BLT1 pathway has only recently been shown to exhibit important activities on subsets of T lymphocytes, both as a chemoattractant and on lymphocyte activation, as well as on dendritic cells, the major antigen presenting cell in the lung. The role of BLT2 in asthma remains unclear. Targeting of components of the LTB4-BLT1 pathway offers innovative therapeutic opportunities especially in patients with asthma that remain uncontrolled despite intensive corticosteroid treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwin W Gelfand
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, United States.
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84
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Saeki K, Yokomizo T. Identification, signaling, and functions of LTB 4 receptors. Semin Immunol 2018; 33:30-36. [PMID: 29042026 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Leukotriene B4 (LTB4), a lipid mediator produced from arachidonic acid, is a chemoattractant for inflammatory leukocytes. We identified two receptors for LTB4, the high-affinity receptor BLT1 and the low-affinity receptor BLT2. BLT1 is expressed in various subsets of leukocytes, and analyses of BLT1-deficient mice revealed that the LTB4/BLT1 axis enhances leukocyte recruitment to infected sites, and is involved in the elimination of pathogens. Hyperactivation of the LTB4/BLT1 axis induces acute and chronic inflammation, resulting in various inflammatory diseases. BLT2 was originally identified as a low-affinity receptor for LTB4, and we later identified 12(S)-hydroxy-5Z,8E,10E-heptadecatrienoic acid (12-HHT) as a high-affinity ligand for BLT2. BLT2 is highly expressed in epithelial cells in various tissues including intestine and skin. Large quantities of 12-HHT are produced by activated platelets during skin injury, and activation of BLT2 on epidermal keratinocytes accelerates skin wound healing by enhancing cell migration. BLT2 signaling also enhances cell-cell junctions, protectes against transepidermal water loss, and preventes entry of environmental substances into the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuko Saeki
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takehiko Yokomizo
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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85
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Subramanian BC, Majumdar R, Parent CA. The role of the LTB 4-BLT1 axis in chemotactic gradient sensing and directed leukocyte migration. Semin Immunol 2018; 33:16-29. [PMID: 29042024 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Directed leukocyte migration is a hallmark of inflammatory immune responses. Leukotrienes are derived from arachidonic acid and represent a class of potent lipid mediators of leukocyte migration. In this review, we summarize the essential steps leading to the production of LTB4 in leukocytes. We discuss the recent findings on the exosomal packaging and transport of LTB4 in the context of chemotactic gradients formation and regulation of leukocyte recruitment. We also discuss the dynamic roles of the LTB4 receptors, BLT1 and BLT2, in mediating chemotactic signaling in leukocytes and contrast them to other structurally related leukotrienes that bind to distinct GPCRs. Finally, we highlight the specific roles of the LTB4-BLT1 axis in mediating signal-relay between chemotaxing neutrophils and its potential contribution to a wide variety of inflammatory conditions including tumor progression and metastasis, where LTB4 is emerging as a key signaling component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagawat C Subramanian
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
| | - Ritankar Majumdar
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States; Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
| | - Carole A Parent
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States; Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
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86
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Too much of a good thing: How modulating LTB 4 actions restore host defense in homeostasis or disease. Semin Immunol 2018; 33:37-43. [PMID: 29042027 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The ability to regulate inflammatory pathways and host defense mechanisms is critical for maintaining homeostasis and responding to infections and tissue injury. While unbalanced inflammation is detrimental to the host; inadequate inflammation might not provide effective signals required to eliminate pathogens. On the other hand, aberrant inflammation could result in organ damage and impair host defense. The lipid mediator leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is a potent neutrophil chemoattractant and recently, its role as a dominant molecule that amplifies many arms of phagocyte antimicrobial effector function has been unveiled. However, excessive LTB4 production contributes to disease severity in chronic inflammatory diseases such as diabetes and arthritis, which could potentially be involved in poor host defense in these groups of patients. In this review we discuss the cellular and molecular programs elicited during LTB4 production and actions on innate immunity host defense mechanisms as well as potential therapeutic strategies to improve host defense.
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87
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Yokomizo T, Nakamura M, Shimizu T. Leukotriene receptors as potential therapeutic targets. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:2691-2701. [PMID: 29757196 DOI: 10.1172/jci97946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukotrienes, a class of arachidonic acid-derived bioactive molecules, are known as mediators of allergic and inflammatory reactions and considered to be important drug targets. Although an inhibitor of leukotriene biosynthesis and antagonists of the cysteinyl leukotriene receptor are clinically used for bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis, these medications were developed before the molecular identification of leukotriene receptors. Numerous studies using cloned leukotriene receptors and genetically engineered mice have unveiled new pathophysiological roles for leukotrienes. This Review covers the recent findings on leukotriene receptors to revisit them as new drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiko Yokomizo
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motonao Nakamura
- Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Science, Okayama University of Science, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takao Shimizu
- Department of Lipidomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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88
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Kuwata H, Yuzurihara C, Kinoshita N, Taki Y, Ikegami Y, Washio S, Hirakawa Y, Yoda E, Aiuchi T, Itabe H, Nakatani Y, Hara S. The group VIA calcium‐independent phospholipase A
2
and NFATc4 pathway mediates IL‐1β‐induced expression of chemokines CCL2 and CXCL10 in rat fibroblasts. FEBS J 2018; 285:2056-2070. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.14462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kuwata
- Division of Health Chemistry Department of Healthcare and Regulatory Sciences School of Pharmacy Showa University Tokyo Japan
| | - Chihiro Yuzurihara
- Division of Health Chemistry Department of Healthcare and Regulatory Sciences School of Pharmacy Showa University Tokyo Japan
| | - Natsumi Kinoshita
- Division of Health Chemistry Department of Healthcare and Regulatory Sciences School of Pharmacy Showa University Tokyo Japan
| | - Yuki Taki
- Division of Health Chemistry Department of Healthcare and Regulatory Sciences School of Pharmacy Showa University Tokyo Japan
| | - Yuki Ikegami
- Division of Health Chemistry Department of Healthcare and Regulatory Sciences School of Pharmacy Showa University Tokyo Japan
| | - Sana Washio
- Division of Health Chemistry Department of Healthcare and Regulatory Sciences School of Pharmacy Showa University Tokyo Japan
| | - Yushi Hirakawa
- Division of Health Chemistry Department of Healthcare and Regulatory Sciences School of Pharmacy Showa University Tokyo Japan
| | - Emiko Yoda
- Division of Health Chemistry Department of Healthcare and Regulatory Sciences School of Pharmacy Showa University Tokyo Japan
| | - Toshihiro Aiuchi
- Division of Biological Chemistry Department of Molecular Biology School of Pharmacy Showa University Tokyo Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Itabe
- Division of Biological Chemistry Department of Molecular Biology School of Pharmacy Showa University Tokyo Japan
| | - Yoshihito Nakatani
- Division of Health Chemistry Department of Healthcare and Regulatory Sciences School of Pharmacy Showa University Tokyo Japan
| | - Shuntaro Hara
- Division of Health Chemistry Department of Healthcare and Regulatory Sciences School of Pharmacy Showa University Tokyo Japan
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89
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Hegde B, Bodduluri SR, Satpathy SR, Alghsham RS, Jala VR, Uriarte SM, Chung DH, Lawrenz MB, Haribabu B. Inflammasome-Independent Leukotriene B 4 Production Drives Crystalline Silica-Induced Sterile Inflammation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 200:3556-3567. [PMID: 29610142 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Silicosis is a lung inflammatory disease caused by chronic exposure to crystalline silica (CS). Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) plays an important role in neutrophilic inflammation, which drives silicosis and promotes lung cancer. In this study, we examined the mechanisms involved in CS-induced inflammatory pathways. Phagocytosis of CS particles is essential for the production of LTB4 and IL-1β in mouse macrophages, mast cells, and neutrophils. Phagosomes enclosing CS particles trigger the assembly of lipidosome in the cytoplasm, which is likely the primary source of CS-induced LTB4 production. Activation of the JNK pathway is essential for both CS-induced LTB4 and IL-1β production. Studies with bafilomycin-A1- and NLRP3-deficient mice revealed that LTB4 synthesis in the lipidosome is independent of inflammasome activation. Small interfering RNA knockdown and confocal microscopy studies showed that GTPases Rab5c, Rab40c along with JNK1 are essential for lipidosome formation and LTB4 production. BI-78D3, a JNK inhibitor, abrogated CS-induced neutrophilic inflammation in vivo in an air pouch model. These results highlight an inflammasome-independent and JNK activation-dependent lipidosome pathway as a regulator of LTB4 synthesis and CS-induced sterile inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bindu Hegde
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY 40202.,James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY 40202; and
| | - Sobha R Bodduluri
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY 40202.,James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY 40202; and
| | - Shuchismita R Satpathy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY 40202.,James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY 40202; and
| | - Ruqaih S Alghsham
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY 40202.,James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY 40202; and
| | - Venkatakrishna R Jala
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY 40202.,James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY 40202; and
| | - Silvia M Uriarte
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Dong-Hoon Chung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Matthew B Lawrenz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Bodduluri Haribabu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY 40202; .,James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY 40202; and
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90
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Sebastiani G, Ceccarelli E, Castagna MG, Dotta F. G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in the treatment of diabetes: Current view and future perspectives. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 32:201-213. [PMID: 29678286 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent the largest receptor family in the genome and are of great interest for the design of novel drugs in a wide variety of diseases including neurologic disorders, obesity and Type 2 diabetes mellitus. The latter is a chronic disease characterized by insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion, affecting >400 million patients worldwide. Here we provide an overview on: a) The molecular basis of GPCR signalling and of its involvement in the regulation of insulin secretion and of glucose homeostasis; b) the role of GPCRs in type 2 diabetes pathophysiology and as therapeutic targets of current and future glucose-lowering drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Sebastiani
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Italy; Fondazione Umberto Di Mario ONLUS c/o Toscana Life Science, Siena, Italy
| | - Elena Ceccarelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Dotta
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Italy; Fondazione Umberto Di Mario ONLUS c/o Toscana Life Science, Siena, Italy.
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91
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Tian W, Rockson SG, Jiang X, Kim J, Begaye A, Shuffle EM, Tu AB, Cribb M, Nepiyushchikh Z, Feroze AH, Zamanian RT, Dhillon GS, Voelkel NF, Peters-Golden M, Kitajewski J, Dixon JB, Nicolls MR. Leukotriene B 4 antagonism ameliorates experimental lymphedema. Sci Transl Med 2018; 9:9/389/eaal3920. [PMID: 28490670 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aal3920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Acquired lymphedema is a cancer sequela and a global health problem currently lacking pharmacologic therapy. We have previously demonstrated that ketoprofen, an anti-inflammatory agent with dual 5-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase inhibitory properties, effectively reverses histopathology in experimental lymphedema. We show that the therapeutic benefit of ketoprofen is specifically attributable to its inhibition of the 5-lipoxygenase metabolite leukotriene B4 (LTB4). LTB4 antagonism reversed edema, improved lymphatic function, and restored lymphatic architecture in the murine tail model of lymphedema. In vitro, LTB4 was functionally bimodal: Lower LTB4 concentrations promoted human lymphatic endothelial cell sprouting and growth, but higher concentrations inhibited lymphangiogenesis and induced apoptosis. During lymphedema progression, lymphatic fluid LTB4 concentrations rose from initial prolymphangiogenic concentrations into an antilymphangiogenic range. LTB4 biosynthesis was similarly elevated in lymphedema patients. Low concentrations of LTB4 stimulated, whereas high concentrations of LTB4 inhibited, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 and Notch pathways in cultured human lymphatic endothelial cells. Lymphatic-specific Notch1-/- mice were refractory to the beneficial effects of LTB4 antagonism, suggesting that LTB4 suppression of Notch signaling is an important mechanism in disease maintenance. In summary, we found that LTB4 was harmful to lymphatic repair at the concentrations observed in established disease. Our findings suggest that LTB4 is a promising drug target for the treatment of acquired lymphedema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Tian
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.,Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Xinguo Jiang
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.,Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jeanna Kim
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Adrian Begaye
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Eric M Shuffle
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.,Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Allen B Tu
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.,Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Matthew Cribb
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jan Kitajewski
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | | | - Mark R Nicolls
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA. .,Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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92
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Helmy MM, Hashim AA, Mouneir SM. Zileuton alleviates acute cisplatin nephrotoxicity: Inhibition of lipoxygenase pathway favorably modulates the renal oxidative/inflammatory/caspase-3 axis. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2018; 135:1-10. [PMID: 29355720 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study investigated for the first time the possible beneficial effect of zileuton, a selective 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor (5-LOX), against cisplatin-induced acute renal failure. METHODOLOGY Male Sprague-Dawley rats (180-200 g) were administered cisplatin once (5 mg/kg, i.p.) alone or combined with oral zileuton (10 mg/kg, given twice; 1 h before and 12 h after cisplatin). RESULTS Compared with control rats, acute cisplatin administration caused significant increases of BUN (33.76 ± 7.74 vs 61.88 ± 11.35 mg/dl), serum creatinine (0.61 ± 0.21 vs 1.56 ± 0.28 mg/dl), renal levels of MDA (6.40 ± 1.04 vs 20.52 ± 2.18 nmol/g tissue), NOx (3.45 ± 1.20 vs 17.70 ± 2.27 nmol/g tissue), TNF-α (6.71 ± 0.66 vs 23.71 ± 3.41 pg/g tissue), MPO (0.87 ± 0.09 vs 3.12 ± 0.41 U/mg tissue protein) and renal caspase-3 activity (2.81 ± 0.37 vs 12.70 ± 2.94 U/mg tissue protein). Whereas, total SOD activity (1.99 ± 0.53 vs 0.79 ± 0.06 U/mg tissue protein) and IL-10 (110.98 ± 19.70 vs 62.34 ± 14.42 pg/g tissue) were significantly decreased. Cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity was further confirmed histopathologically (tubular necrosis, cystic dilatation of renal tubules, vacuolar degeneration of renal tubular epithelium with perivascular oedema, and interstitial fibrosis). These changes were accompanied by alteration in 5-LOX pathway manifested as elevated renal levels of 5-LOX, LTD4 and LTB4. Simultaneous administration of zileuton to the cisplatin-treated rats reversed the deleterious renal insults and restored the measured parameters near to control values. CONCLUSIONS These data establish the first experimental evidence that zileuton abrogates cisplatin nephrotoxicity in rats probably via the inhibition of detrimental actions of 5-LOX products, thus favorably affecting renal oxidative/inflammatory/caspase-3 axis. Based on current findings, the therapeutic prospect of zileuton for this purpose is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai M Helmy
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Egypt.
| | - Amel A Hashim
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Egypt.
| | - Samar M Mouneir
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
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93
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Barton M, Filardo EJ, Lolait SJ, Thomas P, Maggiolini M, Prossnitz ER. Twenty years of the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor GPER: Historical and personal perspectives. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 176:4-15. [PMID: 28347854 PMCID: PMC5716468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Estrogens play a critical role in many aspects of physiology, particularly female reproductive function, but also in pathophysiology, and are associated with protection from numerous diseases in premenopausal women. Steroids and the effects of estrogen have been known for ∼90 years, with the first evidence for a receptor for estrogen presented ∼50 years ago. The original ancestral steroid receptor, extending back into evolution more than 500 million years, was likely an estrogen receptor, whereas G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) trace their origins back into history more than one billion years. The classical estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ) are ligand-activated transcription factors that confer estrogen sensitivity upon many genes. It was soon apparent that these, or novel receptors may also be responsible for the "rapid"/"non-genomic" membrane-associated effects of estrogen. The identification of an orphan GPCR (GPR30, published in 1996) opened a new field of research with the description in 2000 that GPR30 expression is required for rapid estrogen signaling. In 2005-2006, the field was greatly stimulated by two studies that described the binding of estrogen to GPR30-expressing cell membranes, followed by the identification of a GPR30-selective agonist (that lacked binding and activity towards ERα and ERβ). Renamed GPER (G protein-coupled estrogen receptor) by IUPHAR in 2007, the total number of articles in PubMed related to this receptor recently surpassed 1000. In this article, the authors present personal perspectives on how they became involved in the discovery and/or advancement of GPER research. These areas include non-genomic effects on vascular tone, receptor cloning, molecular and cellular biology, signal transduction mechanisms and pharmacology of GPER, highlighting the roles of GPER and GPER-selective compounds in diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and cancer and the obligatory role of GPER in propagating cardiovascular aging, arterial hypertension and heart failure through the stimulation of Nox expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Barton
- Molecular Internal Medicine, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Edward J Filardo
- Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Stephen J Lolait
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Peter Thomas
- Marine Science Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Port Aransas, TX 78373, USA
| | - Marcello Maggiolini
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Eric R Prossnitz
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center and University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
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94
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Abstract
Neutrophils are the primary cells recruited to inflamed sites during an innate immune response to tissue damage and/or infection. They are finely sensitive to inciting stimuli to reach in great numbers and within minutes areas of inflammation and tissue insult. For this effective response, they can detect extracellular chemical gradients and move towards higher concentrations, the so-called chemotaxis process or guided cell migration. This directed neutrophil recruitment is orchestrated by chemoattractants, a chemically diverse group of molecular guidance cues (e.g., lipids, N-formylated peptides, complement, anaphylotoxins and chemokines). Neutrophils respond to these guidance signals in a hierarchical manner and, based on this concept, they can be further subdivided into two groups: "end target" and "intermediary" chemoattractants, the signals of the former dominant over the latter. Neutrophil chemoattractants exert their effects through interaction with heptahelical G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) expressed on cell surfaces and the chemotactic response is mainly regulated by the Rho family of GTPases. Additionally, neutrophil behavior might differ and be affected in different complex scenarios such as disease conditions and type of vascular bed in specific organs. Finally, there are different mechanisms to disrupt neutrophil chemotaxis either associated to the resolution of inflammation or to bacterial escape and systemic infection. Therefore, in the present review, we will discuss the different molecular players involved in neutrophil chemotaxis, paying special attention to the different chemoattractants described and the way that they interact intra- and extravascularly for neutrophils to properly reach the target tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Petri
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases Mouse Phenomics Resource Laboratory, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada. .,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.
| | - Maria-Jesús Sanz
- Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain. .,Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
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95
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Hori T, Okuno T, Hirata K, Yamashita K, Kawano Y, Yamamoto M, Hato M, Nakamura M, Shimizu T, Yokomizo T, Miyano M, Yokoyama S. Na +-mimicking ligands stabilize the inactive state of leukotriene B 4 receptor BLT1. Nat Chem Biol 2018; 14:262-269. [PMID: 29309055 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.2547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Most G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are stabilized in common in the inactive state by the formation of the sodium ion-centered water cluster with the conserved Asp2.50 inside the seven-transmembrane domain. We determined the crystal structure of the leukotriene B4 (LTB4) receptor BLT1 bound with BIIL260, a chemical bearing a benzamidine moiety. Surprisingly, the amidine group occupies the sodium ion and water locations, interacts with D662.50, and mimics the entire sodium ion-centered water cluster. Thus, BLT1 is fixed in the inactive state, and the transmembrane helices cannot change their conformations to form the active state. Moreover, the benzamidine molecule alone serves as a negative allosteric modulator for BLT1. As the residues involved in the benzamidine binding are widely conserved among GPCRs, the unprecedented inverse-agonist mechanism by the benzamidine moiety could be adapted to other GPCRs. Consequently, the present structure will enable the rational development of inverse agonists specific for each GPCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Hori
- RIKEN Structural Biology Laboratory, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.,RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Okuno
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kunio Hirata
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo, Hyogo, Japan.,Japan Science and Technology Agency, Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Masakatsu Hato
- Division of Structural and Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Motonao Nakamura
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takao Shimizu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takehiko Yokomizo
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Miyano
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo, Hyogo, Japan.,Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, College of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Yokoyama
- RIKEN Structural Biology Laboratory, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
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96
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Cooper A, Singh S, Hook S, Tyndall JDA, Vernall AJ. Chemical Tools for Studying Lipid-Binding Class A G Protein-Coupled Receptors. Pharmacol Rev 2017; 69:316-353. [PMID: 28655732 DOI: 10.1124/pr.116.013243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoid, free fatty acid, lysophosphatidic acid, sphingosine 1-phosphate, prostanoid, leukotriene, bile acid, and platelet-activating factor receptor families are class A G protein-coupled receptors with endogenous lipid ligands. Pharmacological tools are crucial for studying these receptors and addressing the many unanswered questions surrounding expression of these receptors in normal and diseased tissues. An inherent challenge for developing tools for these lipid receptors is balancing the often lipophilic requirements of the receptor-binding pharmacophore with favorable physicochemical properties to optimize highly specific binding. In this study, we review the radioligands, fluorescent ligands, covalent ligands, and antibodies that have been used to study these lipid-binding receptors. For each tool type, the characteristics and design rationale along with in vitro and in vivo applications are detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Cooper
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sameek Singh
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sarah Hook
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Kupa LDVK, Drewes CC, Barioni ED, Neves CL, Sampaio SC, Farsky SHP. Role of Translocator 18 KDa Ligands in the Activation of Leukotriene B4 Activated G-Protein Coupled Receptor and Toll Like Receptor-4 Pathways in Neutrophils. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:766. [PMID: 29163156 PMCID: PMC5664262 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
TSPO (Translocator 18 KDa; tryptophan-rich sensory protein oxygen sensor) is a constitutive outer mitochondrial membrane protein overexpressed in inflammatory cells during local or systemic processes. Despite its expression is characterized, role of TSPO in inflammation remains elusive. For this study, we investigated the role of TSPO ligands on neutrophil functions elicited by two different inflammatory pathways. Peritoneal neutrophils were isolated from male Balb-C mice, treated with TSPO ligand diazepam, Ro5-4864 or PK11195 (1,100 or 1000 nM; 2 h) and further stimulated with lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli (LPS), a binding for Toll-Like Receptor-4 (TLR4), or leukotriene B4 (LTB4), a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) ligand. LPS treatment did not lead to overexpression of TSPO on neutrophils, and pre-treatment with any TSPO ligand did not alter cytokine expression, adhesion molecule expression, or the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species caused by LPS stimulation. Conversely, all TSPO ligands impaired LTB4’s actions, as visualized by reductions in L-selectin shedding, β2 integrin overexpression, neutrophil chemotaxis, and actin filament assembly. TSPO ligands showed distinct intracellular effects on LTB4-induced neutrophil locomotion, with diazepam enhancing cofilin but not modifying Arp2/3 expression, and Ro5-4864 and PK11195 reducing both cofilin and Arp2/3 expression. Taken together, our data exclude a direct role of TSPO ligands in TLR4-elicited pathways, and indicate that TSPO activation inhibits GPCR inflammatory pathways in neutrophils, with a relevant role in neutrophil influx into inflammatory sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léonard de Vinci Kanda Kupa
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carine C Drewes
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eric D Barioni
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila L Neves
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Institute Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Sandra H P Farsky
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Early Production of the Neutrophil-Derived Lipid Mediators LTB 4 and LXA 4 Is Modulated by Intracellular Infection with Leishmania major. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:2014583. [PMID: 29181388 PMCID: PMC5664244 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2014583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Recruitment of neutrophil granulocytes to sites of infectious tissue damage is an early event in innate immune responses. Following chemotactic signals neutrophils establish a first line of defense in a swarm-like manner. Intracellular pathogens such as Leishmania major can, however, evade neutrophil-mediated killing and survive inside neutrophils. To achieve this the parasites evolved potent evasion mechanisms. Since neutrophils are a major source of inflammation regulating lipid mediators, we hypothesized that intracellular infection modifies the release of pro- and anti-inflammatory lipid mediators like leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and lipoxin A4 (LXA4), respectively. In the present study, we demonstrated in vitro that L. major-infected primary human neutrophils release an increased amount of LTB4, whereas LXA4 liberation is reduced during the first hours of infection. To investigate whether lipid mediator modulation is a common feature in intracellular infections, we tested the impact of an infection with Anaplasma phagocytophilum. Similarly to L. major, neutrophil infection with A. phagocytophilum led to an enhanced release of LTB4 and decreased LXA4 production. Together, our findings indicate that intracellular infections modulate the lipid mediator profile of neutrophils. This effect is likely to contribute to the survival of the pathogens in neutrophils and to the outcome of the infections.
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Abstract
The high affinity leukotriene B4 receptor, BLT1 mediates chemotaxis of diverse leukocyte subsets to the sites of infection or inflammation. Whereas the pathological functions of LTB4/BLT1 axis in allergy, autoimmunity and cardiovascular disorders are well established; its role in cancer is only beginning to emerge. In this review, we summarize recent findings on LTB4/BLT1 axis enabling distinct outcomes toward tumor progression. In a mouse lung tumor model promoted by silicosis-induced inflammation, genetic deletion of BLT1 attenuated neutrophilic inflammation and tumor promotion. In contrast, in a spontaneous model of intestinal tumorigenesis, absence of BLT1 led to defective mucosal host response, altered microbiota and bacteria dependent colon tumor progression. Furthermore, BLT1 mediated CD8+ T cell recruitment was shown to be essential for initiating anti-tumor immunity in number of xenograft models and is critical for effective PD1 based immunotherapy. BLT2 mediated chemotherapy resistance, tumor promotion and metastasis are also discussed. This new information points to a paradigm shift in our understanding of the LTB4 pathways in cancer.
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