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CircNf1-mediated CXCL12 expression in the spinal cord contributes to morphine analgesic tolerance. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 107:140-151. [PMID: 36202171 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe pain in patients can be alleviated by morphine treatment. However, long-term morphine treatment induces analgesic tolerance and the molecular mechanism of morphine analgesic intolerance is still not fully elucidated. Therefore, a novel target for improving morphine analgesic tolerance is required. Whole-genome sequencing showed that circNf1 is highly expressed in the dorsal horns of morphine-treated rats. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are known to be unique and conserved cellular molecules that are mostly present in cytoplasm and participate in various biochemical processes with different functions. Therefore, we focused on exploring the molecular mechanism by which circNf1 contributes to morphine analgesic tolerance. METHODS CircRNA sequencing revealed differential expression of circRNAs after morphine treatment, and bioinformatics software programs (miRNAda, PicTar, and RNAhybrid) were used to predict possible mRNAs and binding sites. RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP), chromatin isolation by RNA purification (ChIRP), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), western blotting, biotin-coupled probe pull-down assay, luciferase assay, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were conducted to detect and measure the expression levels of circRNAs, mRNAs, and proteins. Intrathecal injections of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), microRNA (miRNA) agomirs, and functional virus microinjections were administered to artificially mediate the expression of molecules. Tail immersion and hotplate tests were performed to evaluate morphine analgesic tolerance. RESULTS Morphine-induced circNf1 expression was high in the spinal cord. RIP-PCR and luciferase assay data showed that circNf1 could combine with both miR-330-3p and miR-665, and FISH showed that circNf1 co-localized with miR-330-3p and miR-665. qRT-PCR assay showed downregulation of miR-330-3p and miR-665 in morphine-treated rats; western blotting results showed that CXCL12 increased after morphine treatment, however, the upregulation of CXCL12 could be alleviated after the intrathecal injection of miR-330-3p as well as miR-665 agomir. qRT-PCR indicated that circNf1 can bind to CXCL12 promoter, the increased circNf1 can enhance CXCL12 mRNA in naïve rats, and inhibition of circNf1 can alleviate the upregulation of CXCL12 mRNA in morphine-treated rats. Behavioral tests revealed that inhibition of circNf1 and CXCL12 and the enhancement of miR-330-3p and miR-665 can alleviate morphine analgesic tolerance. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates a novel pathway that can contribute to morphine analgesic tolerance, the circRNA to cytokine pathway, in which circNf1 functions as a sponge for miR-330-3p and miR-665 and induces the upregulation of CXCL12 at both transcriptional and translational levels in morphine-treated rats.
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Circular RNAs: Emerging regulators of glucose metabolism in cancer. Cancer Lett 2023; 552:215978. [PMID: 36283584 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant glucose metabolism is one of the most striking characteristics of metabolic reprogramming in cancer. Thus, clarifying the regulatory mechanism of glucose metabolism is crucial to understanding tumor progression and developing novel therapeutic strategies for cancer patients. Recent developments in circular RNAs have explained the regulatory mechanism of glucose metabolism from a new dimension. In this review, we briefly summarize the recent advances in circRNA research on cancer glucose metabolism and emphasize the different regulatory mechanisms, including acting as miRNA sponges, interacting with proteins and being translated into proteins. Additionally, we discuss the future research directions of circular RNAs in the field of glucose metabolism.
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Liu Z, Zhou Y, Xia J. CircRNAs: Key molecules in the prevention and treatment of ischemic stroke. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113845. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Dai L, Liang W, Shi Z, Li X, Zhou S, Hu W, Yang Z, Wang X. Systematic characterization and biological functions of non-coding RNAs in glioblastoma. Cell Prolif 2022; 56:e13375. [PMID: 36457281 PMCID: PMC9977673 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant and aggressive type of glioma. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are RNAs that do not encode proteins but widely exist in eukaryotic cells. The common characteristics of these RNAs are that they can all be transcribed from the genome without being translated into proteins, thus performing biological functions, particularly microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs. Studies have found that ncRNAs are associated with the occurrence and development of GBM, and there is a complex regulatory network among ncRNAs, which can regulate cell proliferation, migration, apoptosis and differentiation, thus provide a basis for the development of highly specific diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies in the future. The present review aimed to comprehensively describe the biogenesis, general features and functions of regulatory ncRNAs in GBM, and to interpret the potential biological functions of these ncRNAs in GBM as well as their impact on clinical diagnosis, treatment and prognosis and discusses the potential mechanisms of these RNA subtypes leading to cancer in order to contribute to the better design of personalized GBM therapies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirui Dai
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina,Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Glioma Metabolism and Microenvironment ResearchZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Wulong Liang
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Glioma Metabolism and Microenvironment ResearchZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Zimin Shi
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina,Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Glioma Metabolism and Microenvironment ResearchZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina,Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Glioma Metabolism and Microenvironment ResearchZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Shaolong Zhou
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Glioma Metabolism and Microenvironment ResearchZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Weihua Hu
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Glioma Metabolism and Microenvironment ResearchZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Zhuo Yang
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Glioma Metabolism and Microenvironment ResearchZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Xinjun Wang
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina,Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Glioma Metabolism and Microenvironment ResearchZhengzhouHenanChina
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CircRNAs in Tumor Radioresistance. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12111586. [DOI: 10.3390/biom12111586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are endogenous, non-coding RNAs, which are derived from host genes that are present in several species and can be involved in the progression of various diseases. circRNAs’ leading role is to act as RNA sponges. In recent years, the other roles of circRNAs have been discovered, such as regulating transcription and translation, regulating host genes, and even being translated into proteins. As some tumor cells are no longer radiosensitive, tumor radioresistance has since become a challenge in treating tumors. In recent years, circRNAs are differentially expressed in tumor cells and can be used as biological markers of tumors. In addition, circRNAs can regulate the radiosensitivity of tumors. Here, we list the mechanisms of circRNAs in glioma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and non-small cell lung cancer; further, these studies also provide new ideas for the purposes of eliminating radioresistance in tumors.
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Li M, Cui L, Zhang J, Wang S, Du M. The Critical Roles of Circular RNAs in Basic Research and Clinical Application of Female Reproductive-Related Diseases. Reprod Sci 2022; 30:1421-1434. [PMID: 36197632 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-022-01070-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/10/2022]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs), produced by precursor mRNAs, are a type of covalently closed circular molecule without 5' caps and 3' polyadenylated tails. Recently, advances in high-throughput sequencing, transcriptomics and bioinformatics, have revealed that circRNAs with specific traits in tissue or cells play emerging roles in both physiological and panthological contexts instead of as simple by-products of transcription. However, bringing circRNAs to the forefront of clinical practice is still a long way off. In this review, we highlight the progress in the formation and function of circRNAs, and how circRNAs work in female reproductive-related diseases, such as recurrent spontaneous abortion, preeclampsia, and endometriosis. We also discussed the clinical potential of circRNAs as biomarkers, and therapeutic agents in female reproductive diseases as well as research controversies, technical issues, and biological knowledge gaps that need to be addressed. This review may instruct future basic research and clinical applications on circRNAs, especially in female reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdie Li
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, ZhaoZhou Road 413, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Gynecology, Jing'an District Central Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - LiYuan Cui
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, ZhaoZhou Road 413, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jianping Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Jing'an District Central Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Songcun Wang
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, ZhaoZhou Road 413, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Meirong Du
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, ZhaoZhou Road 413, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau SAR, China.
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Wei S, Hu W, Feng J, Geng Y. Promotion or remission: a role of noncoding RNAs in colorectal cancer resistance to anti-EGFR therapy. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:150. [PMID: 36131281 PMCID: PMC9490904 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00960-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-epidermal-growth-factor-receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are of great significance for RAS and BRAF wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients. However, the generation of primary and secondary resistance to anti-EGFR mAbs has become an important factor restricting its efficacy. Recent studies have revealed that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), especially long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), are implicated in anti-EGFR antibodies resistance, affecting the sensitivity of CRC cells to Cetuximab and Panitumumab. This paper briefly reviewed the research advance of the expression, signaling network and functional mechanism of ncRNAs related to anti-EGFR mAbs resistance in CRC, as well as their relationship with clinical prognosis and the possibility of therapeutic targets. In addition, some ncRNAs that are involved in the regulation of signaling pathways or genes related to anti-EGFR resistance, but need to be further verified by resistance experiments were also included in this review, thereby providing more ideas and basis for ncRNAs as CRC prognostic markers and anti-EGFR therapy sensitizers. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wei
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenwei Hu
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor Immunotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Jun Feng
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiting Geng
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu, China.
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Oct4 cooperates with c-Myc to improve mesenchymal-to-endothelial transition and myocardial repair of cardiac-resident mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:445. [PMID: 36056383 PMCID: PMC9438134 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03120-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac-resident mesenchymal stem cells (cMSCs) can exhibit fibrotic, proinflammatory, and proangiogenic phenotype in response to myocardial ischemia (Isch). How their phenotypic fate decisions are determined remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that the cooperation of Oct4 and c-Myc in cMSCs creates a preferable mesenchymal-to-endothelial transition (MEndoT) to promote angiogenesis and consequent myocardial repair. METHODS We collected MSCs from cardiac and peripheral blood of rat with left ventricular Isch (LV Isch) 30 days after myocardial infarction (MI) or sham operation. After a comparison of characterization between cMSCs and peripheral blood MSCs (pbMSCs), we conducted transcriptome analysis and RNA sequencing of cMSCs. Using loss/gain-of-function approaches to understand the cooperation of c-Myc and Oct4 on MEndoT of cMSCs under hypoxic condition, we explored the mechanisms through transcriptome and functional experiment, and chromatin immunoprecipitation. Next, we transplanted male cMSCs with overexpression or inhibition of c-Myc/Oct4 into the infarcted myocardium of female rats and evaluated infarct size, cell retention, inflammation, remodeling, and function after 30 days. RESULTS LV Isch switched cMSCs toward both inflammatory and proangiogenic phenotypes, with increased secretion of inflammatory cytokines as well as decreased expression of proangiogenic factors. The effect of LV Isch on pbMSCs was less remarkable. Gene expression heatmap showed imbalance in expression of Oct4 and c-Myc regulating genes associated with remodeling of cMSCs. We provided evidence that cMSCs-specific c-Myc- versus Oct4-overexpression showed divergent genomic signatures, and their corresponding target genes play an important role in regulating cMSCs phenotypic changes. In particular, Oct4 accelerated angiogenesis induced by c-Myc overexpression in cMSCs and inhibited their phenotypic transition into inflammatory cells and fibroblast. Mechanistically, exogenous Oct4 caused c-Myc to translocate from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and activated some of its target signalings including VEGF signaling. Although transplantation of cMSCs alone did not improve LV remodeling and function, cMSCs co-transfected with c-Myc and Oct4 promoted a more positive effect in their survival and reparative properties, increased animal survival, reduced infarct size, decreased scar thickness, inhibited LV remodeling, and improved heart function 30 days after MI. Significantly, Oct4 promoted MEndoT ("Rescue me" signal) of cMSCs after both c-Myc stimulation in vitro and transplantation into the infarcted heart. CONCLUSIONS Myocardial Isch drives resident cMSCs toward multiple phenotypes. Oct4 interacts with c-Myc to promote MEndoT capacity of cMSCs and improve their survival and reparative effects through upregulation of angiogenesis-related signaling pathways. These findings may identify novel targets for stem cell therapy.
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Bagheri Moghaddam M, Maleki M, Oveisee M, Bagheri Moghaddam M, Arabian M, Malakootian M. Circular RNAs: New Players in Cardiomyopathy. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13091537. [PMID: 36140705 PMCID: PMC9498503 DOI: 10.3390/genes13091537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyopathies comprise a heterogeneous group of cardiac diseases identified by myocardium disorders and diminished cardiac function. They often lead to heart failure or heart transplantation and constitute one of the principal causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a novel type of noncoding RNAs. They are covalently closed and single-stranded and derived from the exons and introns of genes by alternative splicing. This specific structure renders them resistant to exonuclease digestion. Many recent studies have demonstrated that circRNAs are highly abundant and conserved and can play central roles in biological functions such as microRNA (miRNA) sponging, splicing, and transcription regulation. Emerging evidence indicates that circRNAs can play significant roles in cardiovascular diseases, including cardiomyopathies. In this review, we briefly describe the current understanding regarding the classification, nomenclature, characteristics, and function of circRNAs and report recent significant findings concerning the roles of circRNAs in cardiomyopathies. Furthermore, we discuss the clinical application potential of circRNAs as the therapeutic targets and diagnostic biomarkers of cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maedeh Bagheri Moghaddam
- Molecular Genetics Department, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 141171311, Iran
- Cardiogenetic Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1995614331, Iran
| | - Majid Maleki
- Cardiogenetic Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1995614331, Iran
| | - Maziar Oveisee
- School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam 7661771967, Iran
| | - Mahrokh Bagheri Moghaddam
- Cardiogenetic Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1995614331, Iran
| | - Maedeh Arabian
- Cardiogenetic Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1995614331, Iran
| | - Mahshid Malakootian
- Cardiogenetic Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1995614331, Iran
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +98-2123923033; Fax: +98-2122663213
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Li B, Chen J, Wu Y, Luo H, Ke Y. Decrease of circARID1A retards glioblastoma invasion by modulating miR-370-3p/ TGFBR2 pathway. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:5123-5135. [PMID: 35982888 PMCID: PMC9379412 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.66673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that circular RNAs (circRNAs) are involved in regulating tumor biological activity. Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most lethal diseases characterized by highly aggressive proliferative and invasive behaviors. We aimed to explore how circRNAs influenced GBM biological activity. By circRNA array analysis we found that circARID1A was significantly up-regulated in GBM. Next, we found that circARID1A was up-regulated in GBM tissues and cell lines. Interfering with circARID1A inhibited the migration and invasion of a human GBM cell line U87. By performing dual-luciferase reporter assays, RNA pull-down and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), we determined that circARID1A directly bound to miR-370-3p. Moreover, we confirmed that transforming growth factor beta receptor 2 (TGFBR2) was the target gene of miR-370-3p by performing RNA pull-down, dual-luciferase reporter assays and western blotting. Further experiments verified that circARID1A promoted GBM cell migration and invasion by modulating miR-370-3p/ TGFBR2 pathway. In addition, we demonstrated that silencing circARID1A restrain the growth of GBM in vivo. Finally, we showed that circARID1A was abundant in GBM cell derived exosomes. In conclusion, circARID1A participated in regulating migration and invasion of GBM via modulation of miR-370-3p/ TGFBR2 and thus may be a potential serum biomarker of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baisheng Li
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, South China University of Technology, Foshan 528200, China
| | - Jiansheng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou Shi, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, South China University of Technology, Foshan 528200, China
| | - Honghai Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou Shi, China
| | - Yiquan Ke
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
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Next RNA Therapeutics: The Mine of Non-Coding. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137471. [PMID: 35806476 PMCID: PMC9267739 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing knowledge on several classes of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and their different functional roles has aroused great interest in the scientific community. Beyond the Central Dogma of Biology, it is clearly known that not all RNAs code for protein products, and they exert a broader repertoire of biological functions. As described in this review, ncRNAs participate in gene expression regulation both at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and represent critical elements driving and controlling pathophysiological processes in multicellular organisms. For this reason, in recent years, a great boost was given to ncRNA-based strategies with potential therapeutic abilities, and nowadays, the use of RNA molecules is experimentally validated and actually exploited in clinics to counteract several diseases. In this review, we summarize the principal classes of therapeutic ncRNA molecules that are potentially implied in disease onset and progression, which are already used in clinics or under clinical trials, highlighting the advantages and the need for a targeted therapeutic strategy design. Furthermore, we discuss the benefits and the limits of RNA therapeutics and the ongoing development of delivery strategies to limit the off-target effects and to increase the translational application.
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Integrated lncRNA function upon genomic and epigenomic regulation. Mol Cell 2022; 82:2252-2266. [PMID: 35714586 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although some long noncoding (lnc)RNAs are known since the 1950s, the past 25 years have uncovered myriad lncRNAs with diverse sequences, structures, and functions. The advent of high-throughput and sensitive technologies has further uncovered the vast heterogeneity of lncRNA-interacting molecules and patterns of expressed lncRNAs. We propose a unifying functional theme for the expansive family of lncRNAs. At an elementary level, the genomic program of gene expression is elicited via canonical transcription and post-transcriptional mRNA assembly, turnover, and translation. Building upon this regulation, an epigenomic program refines the basic genomic control by modifying chromatin architecture as well as DNA and RNA chemistry. Superimposed over the genomic and epigenomic programs, lncRNAs create an additional regulatory dimension: by interacting with the proteins and nucleic acids that regulate gene expression in the nucleus and cytoplasm, lncRNAs help establish robust, nimble, and specific transcriptional and post-transcriptional control. We describe our present understanding of lncRNA-coordinated control of protein programs and cell fate and discuss challenges and opportunities as we embark on the next 25 years of lncRNA discovery.
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The circular RNA circNlgnmediates doxorubicin-inducedcardiac remodeling and fibrosis. MOLECULAR THERAPY - NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 28:175-189. [PMID: 35402068 PMCID: PMC8956965 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2022.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Doxorubicin is a chemotherapeutic medication commonly used to treat many types of cancers, but it has side effects including vomiting, rash, hair loss, and bone marrow suppression. The most dangerous side effects are cardiomyopathy, cardiofibrosis, and heart failure, as doxorubicin generates cytotoxicity and stops DNA replication. There is no treatment to block these side effects. We have developed a transgenic mouse line overexpressing the circular RNA circNlgn and shown that circNlgn is a mediator of doxorubicin-induced cardiofibrosis. Increased expression of circNlgn decreased cardiac function and induced cardiofibrosis by upregulating Gadd45b, Sema4C, and RAD50 and activating p38 and pJNK in circNlgn transgenic heart. Silencing circNlgn decreased the effects of doxorubicin on cardiac cell activities and prevented doxorubicin-induced expression of fibrosis-associated molecules. The protein (Nlgn173) translated by circNlgn could bind and activate H2AX, producing γH2AX, resulting in upregulation of IL-1b, IL-2Rb, IL-6, EGR1, and EGR3. We showed that silencing these molecules in the signaling pathway prevented doxorubicin-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis, increased cardiomyocyte viability, decreased cardiac fibroblast proliferation, and inhibited collagen production. This mechanism may hold therapeutic implications for mitigating the side effects of doxorubicin therapy in cancer patients.
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Review: RNA-based diagnostic markers discovery and therapeutic targets development in cancer. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 234:108123. [PMID: 35121000 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The present review aimed to outline different types of RNAs in cancer diagnostics and treatment, and to provide novel insights into their clinical applications. RNAs, including mRNA, long non-coding (lnc)RNA, circular (circ)RNA and micro (mi)RNA, are now increasingly utilized in the diagnosis and treatment of various cancers. Each aforementioned type of RNA possess their own unique characteristics and could be aberrantly expressed as diagnostic markers or therapeutic targets in different cancers. In addition to mRNAs, which have become a promising alternative in cancer diagnostics and therapy, the uses of lncRNA, circRNA and miRNA in predictive tumor diagnostics and therapy has rapidly increased in recent years. In the present review, the mechanisms of mRNA, lncRNA, circRNA and miRNA in regulating and participating in the development of different cancers were determined, and their potential capacity in cancer diagnostics and therapy were investigated. In addition, the present review analyzed the assoaciations between different RNAs and their subsequent potential in cancer prediction and treatment.
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Zhang LX, Gao J, Long X, Zhang PF, Yang X, Zhu SQ, Pei X, Qiu BQ, Chen SW, Lu F, Lin K, Xu JJ, Wu YB. The circular RNA circHMGB2 drives immunosuppression and anti-PD-1 resistance in lung adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas via the miR-181a-5p/CARM1 axis. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:110. [PMID: 35525959 PMCID: PMC9077876 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01586-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have confirmed the oncogenic role of HMGB2 in various cancers, but the biological functions of HMGB2-derived circRNAs remain unknown. Thus, we intended to investigate the potential role of HMGB2-derived circRNAs in lung adenocarcinomas (LUAD) and squamous cell carcinomas (LUSC). METHODS The expression profiles of HMGB2-derived circRNAs in LUAD and LUSC tissues and matched normal tissues were assessed using qRT-PCR. The role of circHMGB2 in the progression of the LUAD and LUSC was determined in vitro by Transwell, CCK-8, flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry assays, as well as in vivo in an immunocompetent mouse model and a humanized mouse model. In addition, in vivo circRNA precipitation assays, luciferase reporter assays and RNA pulldown assays were performed to explore the underlying mechanism by which circHMGB2 promotes anti-PD-1 resistance in the LUAD and LUSC. RESULTS The expression of circHMGB2 (hsa_circ_0071452) was significantly upregulated in NSCLC tissues, and survival analysis identified circHMGB2 as an independent indicator of poor prognosis in the LUAD and LUSC patients. We found that circHMGB2 exerted a mild effect on the proliferation of the LUAD and LUSC cells, but circHMGB2 substantially reshaped the tumor microenvironment by contributing to the exhaustion of antitumor immunity in an immunocompetent mouse model and a humanized mouse model. Mechanistically, circHMGB2 relieves the inhibition of downstream CARM1 by sponging miR-181a-5p, thus inactivating the type 1 interferon response in the LUAD and LUSC. Moreover, we found that the upregulation of circHMGB2 expression decreased the efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy, and we revealed that the combination of the CARM1 inhibitor EZM2302 and an anti-PD-1 antibody exerted promising synergistic effects in a preclinical model. CONCLUSION circHMGB2 overexpression promotes the LUAD and LUSC progression mainly by reshaping the tumor microenvironment and regulating anti-PD-1 resistance in the LUAD and LUSC patients. This study provides a new strategy for the LUAD and LUSC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Xian Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 Ming de Road, Nanchang, 330000, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Long
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 Ming de Road, Nanchang, 330000, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng-Fei Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 Ming de Road, Nanchang, 330000, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Qiang Zhu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 Ming de Road, Nanchang, 330000, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Pei
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 Ming de Road, Nanchang, 330000, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Bai-Quan Qiu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 Ming de Road, Nanchang, 330000, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Wei Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 Ming de Road, Nanchang, 330000, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Lu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 Ming de Road, Nanchang, 330000, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Lin
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 Ming de Road, Nanchang, 330000, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Jun Xu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 Ming de Road, Nanchang, 330000, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Bing Wu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 Ming de Road, Nanchang, 330000, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
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Maimaiti Y, Zhang N, Zhang Y, Zhou J, Song H, Wang S. CircFAM64A enhances cellular processes in triple-negative breast cancer by targeting the miR-149-5p/CDT1 axis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:1081-1092. [PMID: 35048507 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a breast cancer subtype without targeted treatment options. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated the roles of circular RNAs in cancer. This study aimed to investigate the expression and function of circFAM64A in TNBC. The GSE101124 dataset from the GEO database was examined to identify the differentially expressed circular RNAs in TNBC. RT-qPCR and western blot analyses were performed to measure gene expression. TNBC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and cell cycle were assessed using cell counting kit-8, EdU, flow cytometry, wound healing, and transwell invasion experiments. Bioinformatics analysis, RIP, RNA pulldown, and luciferase reporter assays were used to investigate the regulatory mechanism of circFAM64A. In this study, CircFAM64A expression was significantly upregulated in TNBC tissues and cells compared with normal tissues and cells. Overexpression of circFAM64A increased the proliferative, migratory, and invasive capacities of TNBC cells and promoted cell cycle progression. Mechanistically, circFAM64A acted as a molecular sponge for miR-149-5p, and miR-149-5p directly targeted the Cdc10-dependent transcript 1 (CDT1) 3'UTR. Moreover, the high expression of CDT1 is associated with a poor prognosis in patients with breast cancer. Rescue experiments demonstrated that circFAM64A sponged miR-149-5p to increase CDT1 expression, thereby promoting cellular processes in TNBC. Overall, CircFAM64A plays an oncogenic role in TNBC by interacting with miR-149-5p to increase CDT1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusufu Maimaiti
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Department of General Surgery, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yunke Zhang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Haiping Song
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shuntao Wang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Najafi S. Circular RNAs as emerging players in cervical cancer tumorigenesis; A review to roles and biomarker potentials. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 206:939-953. [PMID: 35318084 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the most lethal gynecological cancer among women worldwide. Most of the patients are diagnosed at the advanced stages due to late diagnosis and lack of accessible and valuable approaches for early detection of the disease. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a distinguishable class of non-coding RNAs with characteristic loop structures. Although their function has not been completely elucidated; however, recent evidence has suggested regulatory functions for circRNAs on gene expression controlling various biological functions like cell growth and apoptosis, development, embryogenesis, and pathogenesis of human diseases particularly cancers. Studies show the role of dysregulated circRNAs in biological processes including cell proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and chemoresistance contributing to affect tumorigenesis in ovarian cancer cells, animal, and clinical studies. These effects can be defined as consistent with several tumorigenesis characteristics, which are defined as "hallmarks of cancer". Additionally, dysregulated circRNAs exhibit prognostic, and diagnostic potentials both in the prediction of prognosis in ovarian cancer patients, and also their discrimination from healthy individuals. Furthermore, targeting circRNAs has shown positive results in the suppression of malignant features of cancer cells, and also in overcoming chemoresistance. In this review, I have gathered the majority of studies evaluating the role of circRNAs in the development, and progression of cervical cancer, and also have discussed prognostic, diagnostic, and therapeutic potentials of circRNAs for clinical applications in cervical cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Najafi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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68
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Context-Dependent Regulation of Gene Expression by Non-Canonical Small RNAs. Noncoding RNA 2022; 8:ncrna8030029. [PMID: 35645336 PMCID: PMC9149963 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna8030029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent functional genomics studies, a large number of non-coding RNAs have been identified. It has become increasingly apparent that noncoding RNAs are crucial players in a wide range of cellular and physiological functions. They have been shown to modulate gene expression on different levels, including transcription, post-transcriptional processing, and translation. This review aims to highlight the diverse mechanisms of the regulation of gene expression by small noncoding RNAs in different conditions and different types of human cells. For this purpose, various cellular functions of microRNAs (miRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), snoRNA-derived small RNAs (sdRNAs) and tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs) will be exemplified, with particular emphasis on the diversity of their occurrence and on the effects on gene expression in different stress conditions and diseased cell types. The synthesis and effect on gene expression of these noncoding RNAs varies in different cell types and may depend on environmental conditions such as different stresses. Moreover, noncoding RNAs play important roles in many diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and viral infections.
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Chen C, Xia C, Tang H, Jiang Y, Wang S, Zhang X, Huang T, Yuan X, Wang J, Peng L. Circular RNAs Involve in Immunity of Digestive Cancers From Bench to Bedside: A Review. Front Immunol 2022; 13:833058. [PMID: 35464462 PMCID: PMC9020258 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.833058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system plays a complex role in tumor formation and development. On the one hand, immune surveillance can inhibit the growth of tumors; on the other hand, immune evasion of tumors can create conditions conducive for tumor development and growth. CircRNAs are endogenous non-coding RNAs with a covalently closed loop structure that are abundantly expressed in eukaryotic organisms. They are characterized by stable structure, rich diversity, and high evolutionary conservation. In particular, circRNAs play a vital role in the occurrence, development, and treatment of tumors through their unique functions. Recently, the incidence and mortality of digestive cancers, especially those of gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, and liver cancer, have remained high. However, the functions of circRNAs in digestive cancers immunity are less known. The relationship between circRNAs and digestive tumor immunity is systematically discussed in our paper for the first time. CircRNA can influence the immune microenvironment of gastrointestinal tumors to promote their occurrence and development by acting as a miRNA molecular sponge, interacting with proteins, and regulating selective splicing. The circRNA vaccine even provides a new idea for tumor immunotherapy. Future studies should be focused on the location, transportation, and degradation mechanisms of circRNA in living cells and the relationship between circRNA and tumor immunity. This paper provides a new idea for the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyue Chen
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Congcong Xia
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hao Tang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yirun Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoqing Yuan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumour Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Breast Tumour Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junpu Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Li Peng, ; Junpu Wang,
| | - Li Peng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumour Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Li Peng, ; Junpu Wang,
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70
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Yu Y, Fang L. CircRPAP2 regulates the alternative splicing of PTK2 by binding to SRSF1 in breast cancer. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:152. [PMID: 35368030 PMCID: PMC8976847 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-00965-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBreast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignant tumor and the second-highest cause of cancer-related deaths in women worldwide. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are associated with the development of numerous cancers, including breast cancer. Here, we present the first report that circRPAP2 (hsa_circ_0000091) is downregulated in breast cancer tissue samples and cell lines. Furthermore, the expression level of circRPAP2 in breast cancer tissues was correlated with axillary lymph node metastasis and TNM stage. Biological function studies demonstrated that circRPAP2 inhibited the proliferation and migration of breast cancer in vivo and in vitro. The mechanistic evaluation indicated that circRPAP2 can bind to the oncoprotein SRSF1, likely competing with the binding between SRSF1 and PTK2 pre-mRNA, thereby attenuating SRSF1-mediated alternate splicing of PTK2, an effector of SRSF1 oncogenic activity, resulting in the reduction of PTK2 mRNA and protein expression. Overall, our findings suggest that circRPAP2 plays a tumor suppressor role and may serve as a biomarker in breast cancer. In addition, the identification of the circRPAP2/SRSF1/PTK2 axis provides new insights into the pathogenesis of breast cancer and highlights a novel target for the development of oncotherapeutics.
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71
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Yang R, Chen H, Xing L, Wang B, Hu M, Ou X, Chen H, Deng Y, Liu D, Jiang R, Chen J. Hypoxia-induced circWSB1 promotes breast cancer progression through destabilizing p53 by interacting with USP10. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:88. [PMID: 35351136 PMCID: PMC8961958 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01567-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hypoxia has long been considered as a hallmark of solid tumors and is closely associated with tumor progression. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been identified as a critical modulator in various cancers. However, the connections between hypoxia and circRNAs are largely unknown. Methods Here, we investigated the expression profile of circRNAs in breast cancer (BC) MCF-7 cells under hypoxia and normoxia using microarray. We identified a novel hypoxia-responsive circRNA named circWSB1, whose expression pattern, potential diagnostic value and prognostic significance were assessed by qRT-PCR and in situ hybridization. Loss- and gain-of-function investigations in vivo and in vitro were performed to determine the biological functions of circWSB1. Mechanistically, chromatin immunoprecipitation and dual luciferase reporter assays were carried out to analyze the biogenesis of circWSB1. Furthermore, biotin-labeled RNA pull-down, mass spectrometry, RNA immunoprecipitation, fluorescent in situ hybridization, RNA electrophoretic mobility shift, deletion-mapping, co-immunoprecipitation assays and rescue experiments were applied to investigate the interaction between circWSB1 and Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 10 (USP10) as well as the relationship between USP10 and p53. Results We found that the expression of circWSB1 was significantly upregulated in BC tissues and correlated with poor clinical outcomes, which might serve as an independent prognostic factor for BC patients. Ectopic expression of circWSB1 promoted the proliferation of BC cell in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, circWSB1 was transcriptionally upregulated by HIF1α in response to hypoxia and could competitively bind to deubiquitinase USP10 to prevent the access of p53 to USP10 in BC cells, leading to degradation of p53 and tumor progression of BC. Conclusions Taken together, our findings disclose a novel mechanism that hypoxia-inducible circWSB1 could interact with USP10 to attenuate USP10 mediated p53 stabilization and promote the progression of BC, providing an alternative prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for BC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12943-022-01567-z.
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Ruan X, Zhang R, Zhu H, Ye C, Wang Z, Dong E, Li R, Cheng Z, Peng H. Research progress on epigenetics of small B-cell lymphoma. Clin Transl Oncol 2022; 24:1501-1514. [PMID: 35334078 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-02820-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Small B-cell lymphoma is the classification of B-cell chronic lymphoproliferative disorders that include chronic lymphocytic leukaemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma, marginal zone lymphoma, lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma/Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia. The clinical presentation is somewhat heterogeneous, and its occurrence and development mechanisms are not yet precise and may involve epigenetic changes. Epigenetic alterations mainly include DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA, which are essential for genetic detection, early diagnosis, and assessment of treatment resistance in small B-cell lymphoma. As chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma has already been reported in the literature, this article focuses on small B-cell lymphomas such as follicular lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma, marginal zone lymphoma, and Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia. It discusses recent developments in epigenetic research to diagnose and treat this group of lymphomas. This review provides new ideas for the treatment and prognosis assessment of small B-cell lymphoma by exploring the connection between small B-cell lymphoma and epigenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Ruan
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Targeted Therapy for Hematopoietic Malignancies, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Institute of Molecular Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, National Cancer Center Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hongkai Zhu
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Targeted Therapy for Hematopoietic Malignancies, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Institute of Molecular Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Can Ye
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Targeted Therapy for Hematopoietic Malignancies, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Institute of Molecular Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhihua Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Targeted Therapy for Hematopoietic Malignancies, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Institute of Molecular Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - En Dong
- Blood Center, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ruijuan Li
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Targeted Therapy for Hematopoietic Malignancies, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Institute of Molecular Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Zhao Cheng
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Targeted Therapy for Hematopoietic Malignancies, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Institute of Molecular Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Hongling Peng
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Targeted Therapy for Hematopoietic Malignancies, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Institute of Molecular Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Liu Y, Ao X, Yu W, Zhang Y, Wang J. Biogenesis, functions, and clinical implications of circular RNAs in non-small cell lung cancer. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 27:50-72. [PMID: 34938606 PMCID: PMC8645422 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with high morbidity and mortality. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a major pathological type of LC and accounts for more than 80% of all cases. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a large class of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) with covalently closed-loop structures, a high abundance, and tissue-specific expression patterns. They participate in various pathophysiological processes by regulating complex gene networks involved in proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), as well as metastasis. A growing number of studies have revealed that the dysregulation of circRNAs contributes to many aspects of cancer progression, such as its occurrence, metastasis, and recurrence, suggesting their great potential as efficient and specific biomarkers in the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic targeting of NSCLC. In this review, we systematically elucidate the characteristics, biogenesis, and functions of circRNAs and focus on their molecular mechanisms in NSCLC progression. Moreover, we highlight their clinical implications in NSCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiang Ao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wanpeng Yu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Jianxun Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
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Chen HY, Lei JY, Li SL, Guo LQ, Lin JF, Wu GH, Lu J, Ye ZW. Progress in biological activities and biosynthesis of edible fungi terpenoids. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:7288-7310. [PMID: 35238261 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2045559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The edible fungi have both edible and medicinal functions, in which terpenoids are one of the most important active ingredients. Terpenoids possess a wide range of biological activities and show great potential in the pharmaceutical and healthcare industries. In this review, the diverse biological activities of edible fungi terpenoids were summarized with emphasis on the mechanism of anti-cancer and anti-inflammation. Subsequently, this review focuses on advances in knowledge and understanding of the biosynthesis of terpenoids in edible fungi, especially in the generation of sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, and triterpenes. This paper is aim to provide an overview of biological functions and biosynthesis developed for utilizing the terpenoids in edible fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ying Chen
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Yu Lei
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu-Li Li
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Qiong Guo
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun-Fang Lin
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guang-Hong Wu
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Zhi-Wei Ye
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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75
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Misir S, Wu N, Yang BB. Specific expression and functions of circular RNAs. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:481-491. [PMID: 35169296 PMCID: PMC8901656 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-00948-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, circular RNAs (circRNAs), a new class of RNA molecules characterized by their covalently closed circular structure, have become a new research paradigm in RNA biology. Many circRNAs are conserved among eukaryotes, localize in specific subcellular compartments, and play different biological roles. Accumulating evidence shows that circRNAs regulate a diversity of cellular processes by acting as miRNA sponges, anchors for circRNA binding proteins (cRBPs), transcriptional regulators, molecular scaffolds, and sources for translation of small proteins/peptides. The emergence of the biological functions of circRNAs has brought a new perspective to our understanding of cellular physiology and disease pathogenesis. Recent studies have shown that the expression of circRNAs is tissue- and cell type-specific and specifically regulated through development or disease progression, where they exert specific biological functions. However, the mechanisms underlying these remain largely unknown. A deeper understanding of how the specific expression of circRNAs is regulated to exert specific biological functions will enable the use of circRNA as a biomarker in clinical practice and the development of new therapeutic approaches. This review aims to summarize recent developments in circRNA biogenesis, functions, and molecular mechanisms. We also provide some specific circRNAs as examples to show their tissue-specific distribution and evaluate the possibility of applying circRNA technologies in molecular research and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sema Misir
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Sunnybrook Research Institute, and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Nan Wu
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Sunnybrook Research Institute, and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Burton B. Yang
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Sunnybrook Research Institute, and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Yarmishyn AA, Ishola AA, Chen CY, Verusingam ND, Rengganaten V, Mustapha HA, Chuang HK, Teng YC, Phung VL, Hsu PK, Lin WC, Ma HI, Chiou SH, Wang ML. Circular RNAs Modulate Cancer Hallmark and Molecular Pathways to Support Cancer Progression and Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14040862. [PMID: 35205610 PMCID: PMC8869994 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14040862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Circular RNAs (circRNA) are a type of RNA molecule of circular shape that are now being extensively studied due to the important roles they play in different biological processes. In addition, they were also shown to be implicated in disease such as cancer. Cancer is a complex process which is often defined by a combination of specific processes called cancer hallmarks. In this review, we summarize the literature on circRNAs in cancer and classify them as being implicated in specific cancer hallmarks. Abstract Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are noncoding products of backsplicing of pre-mRNAs which have been established to possess potent biological functions. Dysregulated circRNA expression has been linked to diseases including different types of cancer. Cancer progression is known to result from the dysregulation of several molecular mechanisms responsible for the maintenance of cellular and tissue homeostasis. The dysregulation of these processes is defined as cancer hallmarks, and the molecular pathways implicated in them are regarded as the targets of therapeutic interference. In this review, we summarize the literature on the investigation of circRNAs implicated in cancer hallmark molecular signaling. First, we present general information on the properties of circRNAs, such as their biogenesis and degradation mechanisms, as well as their basic molecular functions. Subsequently, we summarize the roles of circRNAs in the framework of each cancer hallmark and finally discuss the potential as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliaksandr A. Yarmishyn
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (A.A.Y.); (A.A.I.); (C.-Y.C.); (N.D.V.); (V.R.); (H.A.M.); (H.-K.C.); (Y.-C.T.); (V.L.P.); (S.-H.C.)
| | - Afeez Adekunle Ishola
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (A.A.Y.); (A.A.I.); (C.-Y.C.); (N.D.V.); (V.R.); (H.A.M.); (H.-K.C.); (Y.-C.T.); (V.L.P.); (S.-H.C.)
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Yu Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (A.A.Y.); (A.A.I.); (C.-Y.C.); (N.D.V.); (V.R.); (H.A.M.); (H.-K.C.); (Y.-C.T.); (V.L.P.); (S.-H.C.)
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Nalini Devi Verusingam
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (A.A.Y.); (A.A.I.); (C.-Y.C.); (N.D.V.); (V.R.); (H.A.M.); (H.-K.C.); (Y.-C.T.); (V.L.P.); (S.-H.C.)
- Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Centre for Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang 43000, Malaysia
| | - Vimalan Rengganaten
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (A.A.Y.); (A.A.I.); (C.-Y.C.); (N.D.V.); (V.R.); (H.A.M.); (H.-K.C.); (Y.-C.T.); (V.L.P.); (S.-H.C.)
- Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Postgraduate Programme, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang 43000, Malaysia
| | - Habeebat Aderonke Mustapha
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (A.A.Y.); (A.A.I.); (C.-Y.C.); (N.D.V.); (V.R.); (H.A.M.); (H.-K.C.); (Y.-C.T.); (V.L.P.); (S.-H.C.)
- Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Kai Chuang
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (A.A.Y.); (A.A.I.); (C.-Y.C.); (N.D.V.); (V.R.); (H.A.M.); (H.-K.C.); (Y.-C.T.); (V.L.P.); (S.-H.C.)
| | - Yuan-Chi Teng
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (A.A.Y.); (A.A.I.); (C.-Y.C.); (N.D.V.); (V.R.); (H.A.M.); (H.-K.C.); (Y.-C.T.); (V.L.P.); (S.-H.C.)
| | - Van Long Phung
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (A.A.Y.); (A.A.I.); (C.-Y.C.); (N.D.V.); (V.R.); (H.A.M.); (H.-K.C.); (Y.-C.T.); (V.L.P.); (S.-H.C.)
- Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Po-Kuei Hsu
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chang Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan;
| | - Hsin-I Ma
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan;
| | - Shih-Hwa Chiou
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (A.A.Y.); (A.A.I.); (C.-Y.C.); (N.D.V.); (V.R.); (H.A.M.); (H.-K.C.); (Y.-C.T.); (V.L.P.); (S.-H.C.)
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Genomic Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Mong-Lien Wang
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (A.A.Y.); (A.A.I.); (C.-Y.C.); (N.D.V.); (V.R.); (H.A.M.); (H.-K.C.); (Y.-C.T.); (V.L.P.); (S.-H.C.)
- Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-5568-1156; Fax: +886-2-2875-7435
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Circular RNA Cwc27 contributes to Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis by repressing Pur-α activity. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:393-406. [PMID: 34504314 PMCID: PMC8817017 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00865-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have gained growing attention in participating in various biological processes and referring to multiply kinds of diseases. Although differentially expressed circRNA profiling in Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been established, little is known about the precise characteristic and functions of key circRNAs with direct relevance to AD in gene expression and disease-related cognition. Herein, we screened and identified circCwc27 as a novel circRNA implicated in AD. CircCwc27 was a neuronal-enriched circRNA that abundantly expressed in the brain and significantly upregulated in AD mice and patients. Knockdown of circCwc27 markedly improved AD-related pathological traits and ameliorated cognitive dysfunctions. Mechanistically, we excluded the miRNA decoy mechanism and focused on the important function of circRNA-RNA-binding protein (RBP) interaction in AD. CircCwc27 directly bound to purine-rich element-binding protein A (Pur-α), increased retention of cytoplasmic Pur-α, and suppressed Pur-α recruitment to the promoters of a cluster of AD genes, including amyloid precursor protein (APP), dopamine receptor D1 (Drd1), protein phosphatase 1, regulatory inhibitor subunit1B (Ppp1r1b), neurotrophic tyrosine kinase, receptor, type 1 (Ntrk1), and LIM homeobox 8 (Lhx8). Downregulation of circCwc27 enhanced the affinity of Pur-α binding to these promoters, leading to altered transcription of Pur-α targets. Moreover, Pur-α overexpression largely phenocopied circCwc27 knockdown in preventing Aβ deposition and cognitive decline. Together, our findings suggest significant functional consequences of a circRNA-protein interaction, that circCwc27, by associating with the regulatory protein Pur-α, may act as a crucial player in AD pathogenesis and represent a promising AD therapeutic target with clinical translational potential.
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Zhang D, Tao L, Xu N, Lu X, Wang J, He G, Tang Q, Huang K, Shen S, Chu J. CircRNA circTIAM1 promotes papillary thyroid cancer progression through the miR-646/HNRNPA1 signaling pathway. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:21. [PMID: 35022405 PMCID: PMC8755710 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00798-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is a common endocrine tumor with a rapidly increasing incidence in recent years. Although the majority of PTCs are relatively indolent and have a good prognosis, a certain proportion is highly aggressive with lymphatic metastasis, iodine resistance, and easy recurrence. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of noncoding RNAs that are linked to a variety of tumor processes in several cancers, including PTC. In the current study, circRNA high-throughput sequencing was performed to identify alterations in circRNA expression levels in PTC tissues. circTIAM1 was then selected because of its increased expression in PTC and association with apoptosis, proliferation, and migration of PTC cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, circTIAM1 acted as a sponge of microRNA-646 and functioned in PTC by targeting miR-646 and heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein A1. Fluorescence in situ hybridization and dual-luciferase reporter assays further confirmed these connections. Overall, our results reveal an important oncogenic role of circTIAM1 in PTC and may represent a potentially therapeutic target against PTC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deguang Zhang
- Department of head and neck surgery, Institute of Micro-Invasive Surgery of Zhejiang University, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical School, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Tao
- Department of head and neck surgery, Institute of Micro-Invasive Surgery of Zhejiang University, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical School, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Nizheng Xu
- Department of head and neck surgery, Institute of Micro-Invasive Surgery of Zhejiang University, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical School, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxiao Lu
- Department of head and neck surgery, Institute of Micro-Invasive Surgery of Zhejiang University, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical School, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianle Wang
- Department of orthopaedic surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University school of Medicine & Key laboratory of Musculoskeletal system Degeneration and regeneration Translational research of Zhejiang Province, 3 east Qingchun road, Hangzhou, 310016, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaofei He
- Department of head and neck surgery, Institute of Micro-Invasive Surgery of Zhejiang University, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical School, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghu Tang
- Department of general surgery, People's Hospital of Linghu, Nanxun District, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Kangmao Huang
- Department of orthopaedic surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University school of Medicine & Key laboratory of Musculoskeletal system Degeneration and regeneration Translational research of Zhejiang Province, 3 east Qingchun road, Hangzhou, 310016, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuying Shen
- Department of orthopaedic surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University school of Medicine & Key laboratory of Musculoskeletal system Degeneration and regeneration Translational research of Zhejiang Province, 3 east Qingchun road, Hangzhou, 310016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Junjie Chu
- Department of head and neck surgery, Institute of Micro-Invasive Surgery of Zhejiang University, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical School, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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Singh D, Kesharwani P, Alhakamy NA, Siddique HR. Accentuating CircRNA-miRNA-Transcription Factors Axis: A Conundrum in Cancer Research. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:784801. [PMID: 35087404 PMCID: PMC8787047 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.784801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are the newly uncovered class of non-coding RNAs being cognized as profound regulators of gene expression in developmental and disease biology. These are the covalently closed RNAs synthesized when the pre-mRNA transcripts undergo a back-splicing event. In recent years, circRNAs are gaining special attention in the scientific world and are no longer considered as "splicing noise" but rather structurally stable molecules having multiple biological functions including acting as miRNA sponges, protein decoys/scaffolds, and regulators of transcription and translation. Further, emerging evidence suggests that circRNAs are also differentially expressed in multiple cancers where they play oncogenic roles. In addition, circRNAs in association with miRNAs change the expression patterns of multiple transcription factors (TFs), which play important roles in cancer. Thus, the circRNA-miRNA-TFs axis is implicated in the progression or suppression of various cancer types and plays a role in cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. In this review article, we provide an outline of the biogenesis, localization, and functions of circRNAs specifically in cancer. Also, we highlight the regulatory function of the circRNA-miRNA-TFs axis in the progression or suppression of cancer and the targeting of this axis as a potential therapeutic approach for cancer management. We anticipate that our review will contribute to expanding the knowledge of the research community about this recent and rapidly growing field of circRNAs for further thorough investigation which will surely help in the management of deadly disease cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Singh
- Molecular Cancer Genetics and Translational Research Lab, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Nabil A. Alhakamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hifzur R. Siddique
- Molecular Cancer Genetics and Translational Research Lab, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
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Yang J, Tian S, Wang B, Wang J, Cao L, Wang Q, Xie W, Liang Z, Zhao H, Zhao Y, Liao K, Ma J. CircPIK3C2A Facilitates the Progression of Glioblastoma via Targeting miR-877-5p/FOXM1 Axis. Front Oncol 2022; 11:801776. [PMID: 35004326 PMCID: PMC8739489 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.801776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a rare yet lethal type of tumor that poses a crucible for the medical profession, owing to its rapid proliferation and invasion resulting in poor prognosis. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a subclass of regulatory RNAs, are implicated in the regulation of cancerous progression. This study aims to investigate the roles and underlying mechanism of circPIK3C2A in regulating proliferation and invasion of glioblastoma. qRT-PCR assays showed that the expression level of circPIK3C2A was aberrantly higher in glioblastoma cell lines, in comparison with that in normal glia cells. The ectopic expression of circPIK3C2A promoted the proliferation, invasion and clonal formation of glioblastoma cells, while circPIK3C2A loss-of-function exerted exactly the opposite biological effects on the cells. The construction of subcutaneous xenograft tumor model in nude mice indicated that circPIK3C2A loss-of-function effectively diminished tumor load in vivo and prolonged the survival time of tumor-bearing animals. Luciferase reporter assay confirmed the interaction among circPIK3C2A/miR-877-5p and FOXM1. CircPIK3C2A function as competitive endogenous RNA via sponging miR-877-5p through certain binding sites, thereby modulating the expression of FOXM1. Our results collectively indicate that circPIK3C2A functions as ceRNA by mediating miR-877-5p/FOXM1 axis, providing a novel perspective of applying CircPIK3C2A in the clinical intervention of glioblastoma in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuaiwei Tian
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Baocheng Wang
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liangliang Cao
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinhua Wang
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanqun Xie
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Liang
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Heng Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Keman Liao
- Brain Injury Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Circular RNA circFGFR1 Functions as an Oncogene in Glioblastoma Cells through Sponging to hsa-miR-224-5p. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:7990251. [PMID: 35059468 PMCID: PMC8764274 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7990251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, increased studies have shown the important regulatory role of circular RNA (circRNA) in cancer progression and development, including glioblastoma (GBM). However, the function of circRNAs in glioblastoma is still largely unclear. Here, we state that circFGFR1 is elevated in glioma cells, resulting in aggravated glioma aggravated malignancy. The upregulation of circFGFR1 also promotes glioma growth in mouse xenograft models. Furthermore, CXCR4 level in glioma cells is positively correlated with circFGFR1 level, and higher CXCR4 expression is found in circFGFR1 overexpression groups. The effect of circFGFR1 on glioma malignancy is abolished in CXCR4 knockout cells. Then, RIP, RNA pull-down, and luciferase reporter assay results showed that hsa-miR-224-5p directly binds to circFGFR1 and CXCR4 mRNA. The CXCR4 3′-untranslated region (UTR) activated luciferase activity was reduced with hsa-miR-224-5p transfection, while it is reversed when cotransfected with circFGFR1, indicating that circFGFR1 acts as a hsa-miR-244-5p sponge to increase CXCR4 expression. The hsa-miR-224-5p expression is negatively corrected with the glioma malignancy through inhibiting CXCR4 level. Besides, the circFGFR1-induced regulation in glioma malignancy is also abrogated in hsa-miR-224-5p knockout cells. Taken together, our findings suggest that circFGFR1 plays a critical role in the tumorigenic behaviors in glioma cells by upregulating CXCR4 expression via sponging to hsa-miR-224-5p. These findings provide a new perspective on circRNAs during GBM development.
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Huang M, Dong Y, Sun G, Yu Y. Circ-Sirt1 inhibits vascular smooth muscle cells proliferation via the c-Myc/cyclin B1 axis. Cell Biol Int 2022; 46:628-636. [PMID: 34989469 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs)are an important cellular component of vascular wall. Restenosis is mainly due to VSMC excessive proliferation. However, little is known about the role of circRNAs in VSMC proliferation and phenotypic switching. Herein, using FISH assay and RT-qPCR, we found that circ-Sirt1 was markedly downregulated in neointimal formation after injury and in VSMCs treated with PDGF-BB. BrdU and MTT assays confirmed the inhibitory role of circ-Sirt1 on cell proliferation. Mechanistically, circ-Sirt1 was mainly expressed in the cytoplasm of VSMCs. Through RIP and RNA pull-down assays, we found that circ-Sirt1 bound c-Myc, protein associated with proliferation of VSMCs. ChIP assay also provided evidence that the overexpression of circ-Sirt1 almost ceased PDGF-BB-induced binding of c-Myc to the promoter of cyclin B1 in VSMCs. These results indicated that circ-Sirt1 had an inhibitory effect on c-Myc activity, providing a mechanism for suppressing PDGF-BB-induced VSMC proliferation by direct interactions with c-Myc and its sequestration in the cytoplasm. Overall, our study demonstrated that a previously unrecognized circ-Sirt1/c-Myc/cyclin B1 axis in VSMCs mediates neointimal formation following injury. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhua Huang
- Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Yujie Dong
- Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Guangbin Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Yuan Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
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Chen Q, Wang H, Li Z, Li F, Liang L, Zou Y, Shen H, Li J, Xia Y, Cheng Z, Yang T, Wang K, Shen F. Circular RNA ACTN4 promotes intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma progression by recruiting YBX1 to initiate FZD7 transcription. J Hepatol 2022; 76:135-147. [PMID: 34509526 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a primary liver cancer with high aggressiveness and extremely poor prognosis. The role of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in ICC carcinogenesis and progression remains to be determined. METHODS CircRNA microarray was performed to screen significantly upregulated circRNAs in paired ICC and non-tumor tissues. Colony formation, transwell, and xenograft models were used to examine the role of circRNAs in ICC proliferation and metastasis. RNA pulldown, mass spectrometry, chromatin immunoprecipitation, RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation, chromatin isolation by RNA purification, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, and luciferase reporter assays were used to explore the molecular sponge role of the circRNA (via miRNA binding), and the interaction between circRNA and RNA-binding proteins. RESULTS Hsa_circ_0050898, which originated from exon 1 to exon 20 of the ACTN4 gene (named circACTN4), was significantly upregulated in ICC. High circACTN4 expression was associated with enhanced tumor proliferation and metastasis in vitro and in vivo, as well as a worse prognosis following ICC resection. In addition, circACTN4 upregulated Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) expression by sponging miR-424-5p. More importantly, circACTN4 also recruited Y-box binding protein 1 (YBX1) to stimulate Frizzled-7 (FZD7) transcription. Furthermore, circACTN4 overexpression in ICC cells enhanced the interaction between YAP1 and β-catenin, which are the core components of the Hippo and Wnt signaling pathways, respectively. CONCLUSIONS CircACTN4 was upregulated in ICC and promoted ICC proliferation and metastasis by acting as a molecular sponge of miR-424-5p, as well as by interacting with YBX1 to transcriptionally activate FZD7. These results suggest that circACTN4 is a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target for ICC. LAY SUMMARY Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is a primary liver cancer associated with aggressiveness and extremely poor prognosis. It is essential for therapeutic development that we uncover relevant pathogenic pathways. Herein, we showed that a circular RNA (circACTN4) was highly expressed in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and was positively associated with tumor growth and metastasis through key developmental signaling pathways. Thus, circACTN4 could be a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinjunjie Chen
- Department of Hepatic Surgery IV, the Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery IV, the Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Hepatic Surgery IV, the Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengwei Li
- Department of Hepatic Surgery IV, the Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China; Department of Hepatic Surgery II, the Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Leilei Liang
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Cancer Institute and Hospital: Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yiran Zou
- Department of Hepatic Surgery IV, the Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Shen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Hepatic Surgery IV, the Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Xia
- Department of Hepatic Surgery IV, the Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhangjun Cheng
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tian Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kui Wang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery II, the Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Shen
- Department of Hepatic Surgery IV, the Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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84
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Zhou Y, Mao X, Peng R, Bai D. CircRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma: characteristic, functions and clinical significance. Int J Med Sci 2022; 19:2033-2043. [PMID: 36483595 PMCID: PMC9724243 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.74713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common and serious types of cancer worldwide, with high incidence and mortality rates. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a novel class of non-coding RNA with important biological functions. In recent years, multiple circRNAs have been found to be involved in the biological processes of tumorigenesis and tumor development. Increasing evidence has shown that circRNAs also play a crucial role in the occurrence and development of HCC. However, the specific molecular mechanism of circRNAs in HCC has not been fully elucidated. The present review systematically summarized the classification and basic characteristics of circRNAs, their biological functions and their role in the occurrence and development of HCC. By summarizing the previous studies on circRNAs in HCC, this study aimed to indicate potential approaches to improving the early diagnosis and treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Huaihua First People's Hospital, Huaihua, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Xingkang Mao
- Cardiovascular Center, Huizhou First Municipal People's Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Rui Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Dousheng Bai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
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85
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Zhao X, Zhong Y, Wang X, Shen J, An W. Advances in Circular RNA and Its Applications. Int J Med Sci 2022; 19:975-985. [PMID: 35813288 PMCID: PMC9254372 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.71840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNA (circRNA) is a novel endogenous non-coding RNA (ncRNA) that, like microRNA (miRNA), is a rapidly emerging RNA research topic. CircRNA, unlike traditional linear RNAs (which have 5' and 3' ends), has a closed-loop structure that is unaffected by RNA exonucleases. Thus, circRNA has sustained expression and is less sensitive to degradation. Since circRNAs have many miRNAs binding sites, eliminating their repressive effects on their target genes can strongly enhance their expression. CircRNAs serve an important regulatory role in disease onset and progression via specific circRNA-miRNA interactions. We summarized the current progress in elucidating mechanisms and biogenesis of circRNAs in this review. In particular, circRNAs can function mainly as miRNA sponges, regulating host gene expression and protein transportation. Finally, we discussed the application prospects and significant challenges for the development of circRNA-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Zhao
- National Vaccine & Serum Institute (NVSI), China National Biotech Group (CNBG), No. 38 Jing Hai Second Road, Beijing, 101111, China
| | - Youxiu Zhong
- National Vaccine & Serum Institute (NVSI), China National Biotech Group (CNBG), No. 38 Jing Hai Second Road, Beijing, 101111, China
| | - Xudong Wang
- National Vaccine & Serum Institute (NVSI), China National Biotech Group (CNBG), No. 38 Jing Hai Second Road, Beijing, 101111, China
| | - Jiuheng Shen
- National Vaccine & Serum Institute (NVSI), China National Biotech Group (CNBG), No. 38 Jing Hai Second Road, Beijing, 101111, China
| | - Wenlin An
- National Vaccine & Serum Institute (NVSI), China National Biotech Group (CNBG), No. 38 Jing Hai Second Road, Beijing, 101111, China
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86
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Mecozzi N, Nenci A, Vera O, Bok I, Falzone A, DeNicola GM, Karreth FA. Genetic tools for the stable overexpression of circular RNAs. RNA Biol 2021; 19:353-363. [PMID: 35289721 PMCID: PMC8928841 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2022.2043041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs featuring a covalently closed ring structure formed through backsplicing. circRNAs are broadly expressed and contribute to biological processes through a variety of functions. Standard gain-of-function and loss-of-function approaches to study gene functions have significant limitations when studying circRNAs. Overexpression studies in particular suffer from the lack of efficient genetic tools. While mammalian expression plasmids enable transient circRNA overexpression in cultured cells, most cell biological studies require long-term ectopic expression. Here we report the development and characterization of genetic tools enabling stable circRNA overexpression in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrated that circRNA expression constructs can be delivered to cultured cells via transposons, whereas lentiviral vectors have limited utility for the delivery of circRNA constructs due to viral RNA splicing in virus-producing cells. We further demonstrated ectopic circRNA expression in a hepatocellular carcinoma mouse model upon circRNA transposon delivery via hydrodynamic tail vein injection. Furthermore, we generated genetically engineered mice harbouring circRNA expression constructs. We demonstrated that this approach enables constitutive, global circRNA overexpression as well as inducible circRNA expression directed specifically to melanocytes in a melanoma mouse model. These tools expand the genetic toolkit available for the functional characterization of circRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicol Mecozzi
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
- Cancer Biology PhD Program, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Arianna Nenci
- Gene Targeting Core Facility, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Olga Vera
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ilah Bok
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
- Cancer Biology PhD Program, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Aimee Falzone
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Gina M. DeNicola
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Florian A. Karreth
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
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87
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Wang X, Chen M, Fang L. hsa_circ_0068631 promotes breast cancer progression through c-Myc by binding to EIF4A3. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 26:122-134. [PMID: 34513299 PMCID: PMC8413675 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common malignancies among women worldwide with a high incidence of recurrence and metastasis. In this study, we demonstrate that hsa_circ_0068631, a circRNA generated from the transferrin receptor (TFRC), is upregulated in BC tissues and cell lines. Knockdown of hsa_circ_0068631 inhibited the proliferation and migration of BC cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, an RNA pull-down assay and RNA immunoprecipitation assay revealed that eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A3 (EIF4A3) could bind to hsa_circ_0068631 and c-Myc mRNA. Additionally, the expression of hsa_circ_0068631 was positively correlated with c-Myc, and the upregulation of hsa_circ_0068631 was a crucial factor for the dysregulation of c-Myc. Through an actinomycin D assay, we confirmed that the mRNA stability of c-Myc was influenced by hsa_circ_0068631 and EIF4A3. Furthermore, hsa_circ_0068631 could recruit EIF4A3 to increase c-Myc mRNA stability. Rescue assays manifesting depletion of c-Myc rescued the promotive effect of hsa_circ_0068631 overexpression on biological activities in BC. In conclusion, to our knowledge, this study is the first to unveil the role of hsa_circ_0068631 and the hsa_circ_0068631/EIF4A3/c-Myc axis in BC, providing a new target for BC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehui Wang
- Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
- Clinical Medical College of Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Minghui Chen
- Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Lin Fang
- Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
- Clinical Medical College of Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Corresponding author: Lin Fang, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China.
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88
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Tang M, Bai L, Wan Z, Wan S, Xiang Y, Qian Y, Cui L, You J, Hu X, Qu F, Zhu Y. circRNA-DURSA regulates trophoblast apoptosis via miR-760-HIST1H2BE axis in unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 26:1433-1445. [PMID: 34938599 PMCID: PMC8655312 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (URSA) is one of the most intractable clinical challenges in reproduction. As a specific type of endogenous non-coding RNA, circular RNAs (circRNAs) have great pre-clinical diagnostic and therapeutic values in diseases. Recently, thousands of circRNAs were detected in human pre-implantation embryos, indicating that circRNAs potentially have important regulatory functions. However, the roles of circRNAs in URSA remain largely unknown. In this study, we elucidated deregulated circRNA expression and distinct competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks by comparing URSA placental villus with that of patients with normal pregnancy using microarrays. We characterized a distinct circRNA, circRNA-0050703, which is downregulated in URSA placental villus (thus we named it circRNA-DURSA). Silencing of circRNA-DURSA results in trophoblast cell apoptosis in vitro. Furthermore, mechanistic dissection revealed that circRNA-DURSA exerts its effects by competitively binding to miR-760, which post-transcriptionally targets HIST1H2BE. Additionally, after circRNA-DURSA silencing in vivo, the numbers of implanted embryos decreased significantly. These results reveal the regulatory roles of circRNA-DURSA in trophoblasts and identified a distinct circRNA-DURSA/miR-760/HIST1H2BE axis as potentially important diagnostic and therapeutic targets for URSA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyue Tang
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Long Bai
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Zhe Wan
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology of Zhejiang Province, Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Shan Wan
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Yu Xiang
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Yeqing Qian
- Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Long Cui
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Jiali You
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Xiaoling Hu
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Fan Qu
- Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Yimin Zhu
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
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89
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Bizzarri AR, Cannistraro S. Direct Interaction of miRNA and circRNA with the Oncosuppressor p53: An Intriguing Perspective in Cancer Research. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:6108. [PMID: 34885216 PMCID: PMC8657023 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13236108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are linear single-stranded non-coding RNAs oligonucleotides, widely distributed in cells, playing a key role as regulators of gene expression at post-transcriptional level. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are single-stranded RNA oligonucleotides forming a covalently closed continuous loop, which confers them a high structural stability and which may code for proteins or act as gene regulators. Abnormal levels or dysregulation of miRNA or circRNA are linked to several cancerous pathologies, so that they are receiving a large attention as diagnostic and prognostic tools. Some miRNAs and circRNAs are strongly involved in the regulatory networks of the transcription factor p53, which plays a pivotal role as tumor suppressor. Overexpression of miRNAs and/or circRNAs, as registered in a number of cancers, is associated to a concomitant inhibition of the p53 onco-suppressive function. Among other mechanisms, it was recently suggested that a functional inhibition of p53 could arise from a direct interaction between p53 and oncogenic miRNAs or circRNAs; a mechanism that might be reminiscent of the p53 inhibition by some E3 ubiquitin ligase such as MDM2 and COP1. Such evidence might deserve important implications for restoring the p53 anticancer functionality, and pave the way to intriguing perspectives for novel therapeutic strategies. In the present paper, the experimental evidence of the interaction between p53 and miRNAs and/or circRNAs is reviewed and discussed in connection with the development of new anticancer approaches.
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90
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Circular RNA circ-TNPO3 suppresses metastasis of GC by acting as a protein decoy for IGF2BP3 to regulate the expression of MYC and SNAIL. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 26:649-664. [PMID: 34703650 PMCID: PMC8516998 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) continues to be the most common gastrointestinal malignancy in China, and tumor metastases are a major reason for poor prognosis. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are an intriguing type of noncoding RNAs with important regulatory roles. However, the roles of circRNAs in GC metastasis have not been fully elucidated. Here, we reported that circ-transportin 3 (TNPO3) was significantly downregulated in 103 pairs of GC tissues compared with matched noncancerous tissues. The level of circ-TNPO3 expression correlated with differentiation of GC, and plasma circ-TNPO3 could serve as a potential diagnostic biomarker. Functionally, circ-TNPO3 inhibited proliferation and migration of GC in vitro and in vivo. We further verified that circ-TNPO3 competitively interacted with insulin-like growth factor 2 binding protein 3 (IGF2BP3) protein; thus, the role of IGF2BP3 in stabilizing MYC mRNA was weakened, which inhibited the expression of MYC and its target SNAIL. Taken together, circ-TNPO3 acts as a protein decoy for IGF2BP3 to regulate the MYC-SNAIL axis, thereby suppressing the proliferation and metastasis of GC. Therefore, circ-TNPO3 has the potential to serve as a therapeutic target for GC.
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91
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Wen G, Zhou T, Gu W. The potential of using blood circular RNA as liquid biopsy biomarker for human diseases. Protein Cell 2021; 12:911-946. [PMID: 33131025 PMCID: PMC8674396 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-020-00799-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNA (circRNA) is a novel class of single-stranded RNAs with a closed loop structure. The majority of circRNAs are formed by a back-splicing process in pre-mRNA splicing. Their expression is dynamically regulated and shows spatiotemporal patterns among cell types, tissues and developmental stages. CircRNAs have important biological functions in many physiological processes, and their aberrant expression is implicated in many human diseases. Due to their high stability, circRNAs are becoming promising biomarkers in many human diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune diseases and human cancers. In this review, we focus on the translational potential of using human blood circRNAs as liquid biopsy biomarkers for human diseases. We highlight their abundant expression, essential biological functions and significant correlations to human diseases in various components of peripheral blood, including whole blood, blood cells and extracellular vesicles. In addition, we summarize the current knowledge of blood circRNA biomarkers for disease diagnosis or prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxia Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Tong Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA.
| | - Wanjun Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
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92
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Zhang X, Wu N, Wang J. Hsa-circ_0058106 induces EMT and metastasis in laryngeal cancer via sponging miR-153 and inducing Twist1 nuclear translocation. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2021; 44:1373-1386. [PMID: 34738200 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-021-00644-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE A new circular RNA (hsa-circ_0058106) has been found to be upregulated in laryngeal cancer, but its function remains unknown. Here, we explored its role in the metastasis of laryngeal cancer. METHODS The level of hsa-circ_0058106 in laryngeal cancer was detected by qRT-PCR. The effect of hsa-circ_0058106 silencing on the metastasis of laryngeal cancer was assessed using scratch wound healing and transwell assays, as well as nude mouse lung metastasis models. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was employed to analyze the cellular localization of hsa-circ_0058106. A luciferase activity assay was used to assess binding between hsa-circ_0058106 and miR-153. Interaction between hsa-circ_0058106 and Twist1 was confirmed using RNA pull-down and RNA immunoprecipitation assays. RESULTS A high level of hsa-circ_0058106 was found to be associated with lymph node metastasis and advanced clinical stages. Stable knockdown of hsa-circ_0058106 inhibited the migration and invasion of laryngeal cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we found that downregulation of hsa-circ_0058106 suppressed epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which was underscored by the observation that hsa-circ_0058106 silencing led to decreases in the expression of N-cadherin and Vimentin, and an increase in the expression of E-cadherin. Mechanistically, we found that hsa-circ_0058106 can specifically bind to miR-153 and regulate Snail1 expression by acting as a miR-153 sponge. In addition, we found that knockdown of hsa-circ_0058106 blocked the nuclear translocation of Twist1. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that hsa-circ_0058106 induces EMT and metastasis in laryngeal cancer by sponging miR-153 and inducing Twist1 nuclear translocation. These observations provide new insights into the regulatory effects of circRNAs in laryngeal cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Zhang
- Medical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, #36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, China.
- Key Laboratory of Research and Application of Animal Model for Environmental and Metabolic Diseases, Shenyang, China.
| | - Nan Wu
- The Central Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jin Wang
- The ENT Department, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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93
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Liu Y, Yuan H, He T. Downregulated circular RNA hsa_circ_0005797 inhibits endometrial cancer by modulating microRNA-298/Catenin delta 1 signaling. Bioengineered 2021; 13:4634-4645. [PMID: 34852711 PMCID: PMC8973656 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2013113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal expression of circular RNA (circRNA) expression has been implicated in endometrial cancer (EC) progression. Thus, investigation of the mechanism of hsa_circ_0005797 during EC etiology may provide new insight into the treatment of EC. In the present study, we found that hsa_circ_0005797 expression was significantly increased in EC biological samples and cell lines, whereas its downregulation inhibited in vitro tumor cells proliferation and invasion phenotypes and suppressed tumor formation in nude mice. In mechanism, we characterized hsa_circ_0005797 as an miR-298 sponge, with CTNND1 identified as a target of miR-298. Our rescue assay data further revealed that hsa_circ_0005797 silencing inhibited EC cells proliferation and invasion via miR-298/CTNND1 signaling. In conclusion, our study confirmed hsa_circ_0005797 is a poor prognostic factor for EC and modulates EC phenotypes by regulating the hsa_circ_000579/miR-298/CTNND1 signaling, which provides potential treatment targets for EC
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Liu
- Luoyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Luoyang 471000, Henan China.,Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Hongying Yuan
- Medicine College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Tao He
- Department of Gynecology, New District Hospital,The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
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94
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Zhao L, Guo Y, Guo Y, Ji X, Fan D, Chen C, Yuan W, Sun Z, Ji Z. Effect and mechanism of circRNAs in tumor angiogenesis and clinical application. Int J Cancer 2021; 150:1223-1232. [PMID: 34724210 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tumor blood vessels provide oxygen and necessary nutrients for the tumor, which provides the basis for tumor metastasis. Therefore, tumor angiogenesis plays a very important role in tumor growth and metastasis. In contrast to linear RNAs, circRNAs represent a type of closed-loop RNA with diverse biological functions. At the same time, circRNAs have strong stability, timeliness, tissue specificity and disease specificity. With the rapid development of next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics, there have been an increasing number of studies on circRNAs. At present, a large number of studies have reported that circRNAs regulate tumor growth, invasion, metastasis, tumor metabolism, tumor immunity and other biological functions. Increasing evidence has shown that circRNAs also play an important role in tumor angiogenesis. In this review, we briefly introduced tumor angiogenesis and circRNAs and outlined the main ways that circRNAs affect tumor angiogenesis from multiple aspects. Finally, we further explored the potential clinical application value of circRNAs in the context of tumor angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyang Zhao
- BGI College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yuying Guo
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yaxin Guo
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Department of Basic Medical, Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiang Ji
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Dandan Fan
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Weitang Yuan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhenqiang Sun
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhenyu Ji
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Department of Basic Medical, Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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95
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Hsa_circ_0004296 inhibits metastasis of prostate cancer by interacting with EIF4A3 to prevent nuclear export of ETS1 mRNA. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2021; 40:336. [PMID: 34696782 PMCID: PMC8543852 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02138-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been shown to play vital biological functions in various tumors, including prostate cancer (PCa). However, the roles of circRNAs in the metastasis of PCa remain unclear. In the present study, differentially expressed circRNAs associated with PCa metastasis were screened using high-throughput RNA sequencing, from which hsa_circ_0004296 was identified. Methods Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of circ_0004296 in PCa tissues and adjacent normal tissues as well as in blood and urine. Gain and loss of function experiments were performed to investigate the function of circ_0004296 in PCa. Bioinformatics analyses, RNA pull-down assay, and mass spectrometry were conducted to identify RNA-binding proteins. RNA immunoprecipitation and RNA and protein nuclear-cytoplasmic fractionation were performed to investigate the underlying mechanism. A xenograft mouse model was used to analyze the effect of circ_0004296 on PCa growth and metastasis in vivo. Results The expression of circ_0004296 was decreased in PCa tissues, blood, and urine, which was negatively associated with metastasis. Furthermore, gain and loss of function experiments in vitro and in vivo showed that circ_0004296 inhibited the proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of PCa cells. Mechanistically, circ_0004296 regulated host gene ETS1 expression at the post-transcriptional level. EIF4A3 was identified and confirmed as the downstream binding protein of circ_0004296. EIF4A3 expression was significantly upregulated in PCa tissues and associated with PCa metastasis. Silencing EIF4A3 suppressed PCa cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT. Conclusions Circ_0004296 overexpression efficiently inhibited ETS1 mRNA nuclear export by promoting EIF4A3 retention in the nucleus, leading to the downregulation of ETS1 expression and suppression of PCa metastasis; thus, circ_0004296 might be a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for patients with PCa. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-021-02138-8.
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96
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Chen J, Gu J, Tang M, Liao Z, Tang R, Zhou L, Su M, Jiang J, Hu Y, Chen Y, Zhou Y, Liao Q, Xiong W, Zhou J, Tang Y, Nie S. Regulation of cancer progression by circRNA and functional proteins. J Cell Physiol 2021; 237:373-388. [PMID: 34676546 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are closed back-splicing products of precursor mRNA in eukaryotes. Compared with linear mRNAs, circRNAs have a special structure and stable expression. A large number of studies have provided different regulatory mechanisms of circRNAs in tumors. Challenges exist in understanding the control of circRNAs because of their sequence overlap with linear mRNA. Here, we survey the most recent progress regarding the regulation of circRNA biogenesis by RNA-binding proteins, one of the vital functional proteins. Furthermore, substantial circRNAs exert compelling biological roles by acting as protein sponges, by being translated themselves or regulating posttranslational modifications of proteins. This review will help further explore more types of functional proteins that interact with circRNA in cancer and reveal other unknown mechanisms of circRNA regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhong Chen
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,The University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Gu
- Department of Geriatric Urology, Xiangya International Medical Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Martini-Klinik Prostate Cancer Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mengtian Tang
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,The University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiqiang Liao
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,The University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Rui Tang
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,The University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lianqing Zhou
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Min Su
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiarui Jiang
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yingbin Hu
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yongyi Chen
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yujuan Zhou
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qianjin Liao
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jumei Zhou
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Radiotherapy, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanyan Tang
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shaolin Nie
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Methylation Modification, Alternative Splicing, and Noncoding RNA Play a Role in Cancer Metastasis through Epigenetic Regulation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:4061525. [PMID: 34660788 PMCID: PMC8514273 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4061525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Understanding the pathogenesis of metastasis at the molecular levels is of great significance for cancer research. However, the molecular diagnosis or treatment of cancer metastasis is limited. Accumulating and growing evidence shows that epigenetic changes are present in all human cancers, and epigenetic regulation is an indispensable factor to promote tumor metastasis. With the deepening of research and the advancement of technology, the function and mechanism of epigenetic regulation, including DNA methylation, histone/RNA modification, and precursor messenger RNA alternative splicing and noncoding RNAs, has become more increasingly clear. At present, the application of epigenetic therapies in tumor treatment is becoming a feasible therapeutic route. In this review, we looked for the key molecules in epigenetic regulation and discuss their relative regulating mechanisms in cancer metastasis. Furthermore, we highlight promising therapeutic strategies, including monitoring serum DNA for diagnostic purposes and early phase clinical trial therapies that target DNA and histone methylation. This may also be beneficial in finding new targets for further prognosis and diagnosis of cancer metastasis.
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98
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Bao J, Lin C, Zhou X, Ma D, Ge L, Xu K, Moqbel SAA, He Y, Ma C, Ran J, Wu L. circFAM160A2 Promotes Mitochondrial Stabilization and Apoptosis Reduction in Osteoarthritis Chondrocytes by Targeting miR-505-3p and SIRT3. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5712280. [PMID: 34646424 PMCID: PMC8505077 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5712280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs), as a newly identified regulating mechanism, have been demonstrated to play a crucial role in various human diseases. An increasing number of recent studies have revealed that circular RNAs (circRNAs) can function as ceRNAs. However, little is known about the role of circFAM160A2 in the pathological process of osteoarthritis (OA). This study is the first to examine the crucial role of the circFAM160A2-miR-505-3p-SIRT3 axis in osteoarthritis progression. miR-505-3p was selected from the interaction of a microRNA (miRNA) microarray comparing chondrocytes in OA and normal conditions and prediction results from TargetScan. RT-qPCR was performed to assess the expression of circFAM160A2, miR-505-3p, and SIRT3. A dual luciferase assay was used to validate the binding of circFAM160A2, miR-505-3p, and SIRT3. We used lentivirus and adeno-associated virus to establish in vitro and in vivo overexpression models. Western blotting, apoptosis assay, ROS detection assay, Safranin O staining, and CCK-8 assay were employed to assess the role of circFAM160A2, miR-505-3p, and SIRT3. We found that miR-505-3p was upregulated and circFAM160A2 was downregulated in OA. While overexpression of circFAM160A2 decreased the production of extracellular matrix (ECM) degrading enzymes and ameliorated chondrocyte apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction, inhibition of miR-505-3p could reverse the protective effect of circFAM160A2 on the OA phenotype both in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, circFAM160A2 can promote mitochondrial stabilization and apoptosis reduction in OA chondrocytes by targeting miR-505-3p and SIRT3, which might be a potential therapeutic target for OA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiapeng Bao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Changjian Lin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xing Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Diana Ma
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lujie Ge
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Kai Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Safwat Adel Abdo Moqbel
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yuzhe He
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chiyuan Ma
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jisheng Ran
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lidong Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
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Yang F, Hu A, Guo Y, Wang J, Li D, Wang X, Jin S, Yuan B, Cai S, Zhou Y, Li Q, Chen G, Gao H, Zheng L, Tong Q. p113 isoform encoded by CUX1 circular RNA drives tumor progression via facilitating ZRF1/BRD4 transactivation. Mol Cancer 2021; 20:123. [PMID: 34579723 PMCID: PMC8474885 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-021-01421-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic reprogramming sustains tumorigenesis and aggressiveness of neuroblastoma (NB), the most common extracranial malignancy in childhood, while underlying mechanisms and therapeutic approaches still remain elusive. Methods Circular RNAs (circRNAs) were validated by Sanger sequencing. Co-immunoprecipitation, mass spectrometry, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) sequencing, and RNA sequencing assays were applied to explore protein interaction and target genes. Gene expression regulation was observed by ChIP, dual-luciferase reporter, real-time quantitative RT-PCR, and western blot assays. Gain- and loss-of-function studies were performed to observe the impacts of circRNA-encoded protein and its partners on the lipid metabolism, mitochondrial activity, growth, invasion, and metastasis of NB cells. Results A novel 113-amino acid protein (p113) of CUT-like homeobox 1 (CUX1) was identified in NB cells treated by serum deprivation. Further validating studies revealed that nuclear p113 was encoded by circRNA of CUX1, and promoted the lipid metabolic reprogramming, mitochondrial activity, proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of NB cells. Mechanistically, p113 interacted with Zuotin-related factor 1 (ZRF1) and bromodomain protein 4 (BRD4) to form a transcriptional regulatory complex, and mediated the transactivation of ZRF1/BRD4 in upregulating ALDH3A1, NDUFA1, and NDUFAF5 essential for conversion of fatty aldehydes into fatty acids, fatty acid β-oxidation, and mitochondrial complex I activity. Administration of an inhibitory peptide blocking p113-ZRF1 interaction suppressed the tumorigenesis and aggressiveness of NB cells. In clinical NB cases, high expression of p113, ZRF1, or BRD4 was associated with poor survival of patients. Conclusions These results indicate that p113 isoform encoded by CUX1 circular RNA drives tumor progression via facilitating ZRF1/BRD4 transactivation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12943-021-01421-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Anpei Hu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhua Guo
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianqun Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Clinical Center of Human Genomic Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430022, People's Republic of China.,Department of Geriatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Shikai Jin
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Boling Yuan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Cai
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Qilan Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyang Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Liduan Zheng
- Clinical Center of Human Genomic Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430022, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430022, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiangsong Tong
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430022, People's Republic of China. .,Clinical Center of Human Genomic Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430022, People's Republic of China.
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100
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Zhu G, Chang X, Kang Y, Zhao X, Tang X, Ma C, Fu S. CircRNA: A novel potential strategy to treat thyroid cancer (Review). Int J Mol Med 2021; 48:201. [PMID: 34528697 PMCID: PMC8480381 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.5034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer (TC) is the most common type of endocrine cancer. Over the last 50 years, the global incidence of TC has been increasing. The survival rate of TC is higher than that of most other types of cancer, but it depends on numerous factors, including the specific type of TC and stage of the disease. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a new class of long noncoding RNA with a closed loop structure that have a critical role in the complex gene regulatory network that controls the emergence of TC. The most important function of circRNAs is their ability to specifically bind to microRNAs. In addition, the biological functions of circRNAs also include interactions with proteins, regulation of the transcription of genes and acting as translation templates. Based on the characteristics of circRNAs, they have been identified as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of tumors. In the present review, the function and significance of circRNAs and their potential clinical implications for TC were summarized. Furthermore, possible treatment approaches involving the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and exosomes derived from MSCs as carriers to load and transport circRNAs were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guomao Zhu
- Endocrinology Department, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Xingyu Chang
- Endocrinology Department, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Yuchen Kang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Xinzhu Zhao
- Endocrinology Department, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Xulei Tang
- Endocrinology Department, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Chengxu Ma
- Endocrinology Department, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Songbo Fu
- Endocrinology Department, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
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