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Singh H, Srour SA, Milton DR, McCarty J, Dai C, Gaballa MR, Ammari M, Olivares S, Huls H, De Groot E, Marin D, Petropoulos D, Olson AL, Anderlini P, Im JS, Khouri I, Hosing CM, Rezvani K, Champlin RE, Shpall EJ, Cooper LJN, Kebriaei P. Sleeping beauty generated CD19 CAR T-Cell therapy for advanced B-Cell hematological malignancies. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1032397. [PMID: 36439104 PMCID: PMC9684710 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1032397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has emerged recently as a standard of care treatment for patients with relapsed or refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and several subtypes of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). However, its use remains limited to highly specialized centers, given the complexity of its administration and its associated toxicities. We previously reported our experience in using a novel Sleeping Beauty (SB) CD19-specific CAR T-cell therapy in the peri-transplant setting, where it exhibited an excellent safety profile with encouraging survival outcomes. We have since modified the SB CD19 CAR construct to improve its efficacy and shorten its manufacturing time. We report here the phase 1 clinical trial safety results. Fourteen heavily treated patients with relapsed/refractory ALL and NHL were infused. Overall, no serious adverse events were directly attributed to the study treatment. Three patients developed grades 1-2 cytokine release syndrome and none of the study patients experienced neurotoxicity. All dose levels were well tolerated and no dose-limiting toxicities were reported. For efficacy, 3 of 8 (38%) patients with ALL achieved CR/CRi (complete remission with incomplete count recovery) and 1 (13%) patient had sustained molecular disease positivity. Of the 4 patients with DLBCL, 2 (50%) achieved CR. The SB-based CAR constructs allow manufacturing of targeted CAR T-cell therapies that are safe, cost-effective and with encouraging antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harjeet Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Samer A. Srour
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Denái R. Milton
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jessica McCarty
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Cuiping Dai
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Mahmoud R. Gaballa
- Cellular Therapy Program and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mariam Ammari
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Simon Olivares
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Helen Huls
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - David Marin
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Demetrios Petropoulos
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Amanda L. Olson
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Paolo Anderlini
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jin S. Im
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Issa Khouri
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Chitra M. Hosing
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Katayoun Rezvani
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Richard E. Champlin
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Elizabeth J. Shpall
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Partow Kebriaei
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States,*Correspondence: Partow Kebriaei,
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Kreppel F, Hagedorn C. Episomes and Transposases-Utilities to Maintain Transgene Expression from Nonviral Vectors. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:1872. [PMID: 36292757 DOI: 10.3390/genes13101872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficient delivery and stable transgene expression are critical for applications in gene therapy. While carefully selected and engineered viral vectors allowed for remarkable clinical successes, they still bear significant safety risks. Thus, nonviral vectors are a sound alternative and avoid genotoxicity and adverse immunological reactions. Nonviral vector systems have been extensively studied and refined during the last decades. Emerging knowledge of the epigenetic regulation of replication and spatial chromatin organisation, as well as new technologies, such as Crispr/Cas, were employed to enhance the performance of different nonviral vector systems. Thus, nonviral vectors are in focus and hold some promising perspectives for future applications in gene therapy. This review addresses three prominent nonviral vector systems: the Sleeping Beauty transposase, S/MAR-based episomes, and viral plasmid replicon-based EBV vectors. Exemplarily, we review different utilities, modifications, and new concepts that were pursued to overcome limitations regarding stable transgene expression and mitotic stability. New insights into the nuclear localisation of nonviral vector molecules and the potential consequences thereof are highlighted. Finally, we discuss the remaining limitations and provide an outlook on possible future developments in nonviral vector technology.
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Mecozzi N, Nenci A, Vera O, Bok I, Falzone A, DeNicola GM, Karreth FA. Genetic tools for the stable overexpression of circular RNAs. RNA Biol 2021; 19:353-363. [PMID: 35289721 PMCID: PMC8928841 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2022.2043041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs featuring a covalently closed ring structure formed through backsplicing. circRNAs are broadly expressed and contribute to biological processes through a variety of functions. Standard gain-of-function and loss-of-function approaches to study gene functions have significant limitations when studying circRNAs. Overexpression studies in particular suffer from the lack of efficient genetic tools. While mammalian expression plasmids enable transient circRNA overexpression in cultured cells, most cell biological studies require long-term ectopic expression. Here we report the development and characterization of genetic tools enabling stable circRNA overexpression in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrated that circRNA expression constructs can be delivered to cultured cells via transposons, whereas lentiviral vectors have limited utility for the delivery of circRNA constructs due to viral RNA splicing in virus-producing cells. We further demonstrated ectopic circRNA expression in a hepatocellular carcinoma mouse model upon circRNA transposon delivery via hydrodynamic tail vein injection. Furthermore, we generated genetically engineered mice harbouring circRNA expression constructs. We demonstrated that this approach enables constitutive, global circRNA overexpression as well as inducible circRNA expression directed specifically to melanocytes in a melanoma mouse model. These tools expand the genetic toolkit available for the functional characterization of circRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicol Mecozzi
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
- Cancer Biology PhD Program, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Arianna Nenci
- Gene Targeting Core Facility, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Olga Vera
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ilah Bok
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
- Cancer Biology PhD Program, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Aimee Falzone
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Gina M. DeNicola
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Florian A. Karreth
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
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Zhao W, Korobskiy D, Chacko G. Delayed Recognition: A Co-Citation Perspective. Front Res Metr Anal 2021; 5:577131. [PMID: 33870050 PMCID: PMC8028384 DOI: 10.3389/frma.2020.577131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A Sleeping Beauty is a publication that is apparently unrecognized by citation for some period of time before experiencing a burst of recognition. Various reasons, including resistance to new ideas, have been attributed to such delayed recognition. We study this phenomenon in the special case of co-citations, which represent new ideas generated through the combination of existing ones. Using relatively stringent selection criteria derived from the work of others, we analyze a very large dataset of over 940 million unique co-cited article pairs, and identify 1,196 cases of delayed co-citations. We further classify these 1,196 cases with respect to amplitude, rate of citation, and disciplinary origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxi Zhao
- Netelabs, NET ESolutions (an NTT DATA Company), McLean, VA, United States
| | - Dmitriy Korobskiy
- Netelabs, NET ESolutions (an NTT DATA Company), McLean, VA, United States
| | - George Chacko
- Netelabs, NET ESolutions (an NTT DATA Company), McLean, VA, United States.,Grainger College of Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States.,Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
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Zhou Y, Ma G, Yang J, Gao Z, Guo Y. The Integration Preference of Sleeping Beauty at Non-TA Site Is Related to the Transposon End Sequences. Front Genet 2021; 12:639125. [PMID: 33777107 PMCID: PMC7987939 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.639125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we proved that Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon integrates into non-TA sites at a lower frequency. Here, we performed a further study on the non-TA integration of SB and showed that (1) SB can integrate into non-TA sites in HEK293T cells as well as in mouse cell lines; (2) Both the hyperactive transposase SB100X and the traditional SB11 catalyze integrations at non-TA sites; (3) The consensus sequence of the non-TA target sites only occurs at the opposite side of the sequenced junction between the transposon end and the genomic sequences, indicating that the integrations at non-TA sites are mainly aberrant integrations; and (4) The consensus sequence of the non-TA target sites is corresponding to the transposon end sequence. The consensus sequences changed following the changes of the transposon ends. This result indicated that the interaction between the SB transposon end and genomic DNA (gDNA) may be involved in the target site selection of the SB integrations at non-TA sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangwei Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiawen Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zenghong Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yabin Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Fazeli-Varzaneh M, Ghorbi A, Ausloos M, Sallinger E, Vahdati S. Sleeping Beauties of Coronavirus Research. IEEE Access 2021; 9:21192-21205. [PMID: 34786306 PMCID: PMC8545245 DOI: 10.1109/access.2021.3052918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A "Sleeping Beauty" (SB) in science is a metaphor for a scholarly publication that remains relatively unnoticed by the related communities for a long time; - the publication is "sleeping". However, suddenly due to the appearance of some phenomenon, such a "forgotten" publication may become a center of scientific attention; - the SB is "awakened". Currently, there are specific scientific areas for which sleeping beauties (SBs) are awakened. For example, as the world is experiencing the COVID-19 global pandemic (triggered by SARS-CoV-2), publications on coronaviruses appear to be awakened. Thus, one can raise questions of scientific interest: are these publications coronavirus related SBs? Moreover, while much literature exists on other coronaviruses, there seems to be no comprehensive investigation on COVID-19, - in particular in the context of SBs. Nowadays, such SB papers can be even used for sustaining literature reviews and/or scientific claims about COVID-19. In our study, in order to pinpoint pertinent SBs, we use the "beauty score" (B-score) measure. The Activity Index (AI) and the Relative Specialization Index (RSI) are also calculated to compare countries where such SBs appear. Results show that most of these SBs were published previously to the present epidemic time (triggered by SARS-CoV or SARS-CoV-1), and are awakened in 2020. Besides outlining the most important SBs, we show from what countries and institutions they originate, and the most prolific author(s) of such SBs. The citation trend of SBs that have the highest B-score is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Fazeli-Varzaneh
- Department of Knowledge and Information ScienceFaculty of ManagementUniversity of TehranTehran1417466191Iran
| | - Ali Ghorbi
- Department of Knowledge and Information ScienceFaculty of ManagementUniversity of TehranTehran1417466191Iran
| | - Marcel Ausloos
- School of BusinessUniversity of LeicesterLeicesterLE2 1RQU.K.
- Department of Statistics and EconometricsBucharest University of Economic Studies010552BucharestRomania
- GRAPES4031LiegeBelgium
| | - Emanuel Sallinger
- Faculty of InformaticsTU Wien1040ViennaAustria
- Department of Computer ScienceUniversity of OxfordOxfordOX1 3QDU.K.
| | - Sahar Vahdati
- Nature-Inspired Machine IntelligenceInstitute of Applied Informatics (InfAI)01069DresdenGermany
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Rogers LM, Wang Z, Mott SL, Dupuy AJ, Weiner GJ. A Genetic Screen to Identify Gain- and Loss-of-Function Modifications that Enhance T-cell Infiltration into Tumors. Cancer Immunol Res 2020; 8:1206-1214. [PMID: 32611665 PMCID: PMC7483799 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-20-0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
T-cell-mediated cancer immunotherapies, including anti-PD-1 and T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CAR-T cells), are becoming standard treatments for many cancer types. CAR-T therapy, in particular, has been successful in treating circulating, but not solid, tumors. One challenge limiting immunotherapy success is that tumors lacking T-cell infiltration do not respond to treatment. Therefore, one potential strategy to overcome resistance is to enhance the ability of T cells to traffic into tumors. Here, we describe an unbiased in vivo genetic screen approach utilizing the Sleeping Beauty mutagenesis system to identify candidate genes in T cells that might be modified to drive intratumoral T-cell accumulation. This screen identified over 400 candidate genes in three tumor models. These results indicated substantial variation in gene candidate selection, depending on the tumor model and whether or not mice were treated with anti-PD-1, yet some candidate genes were identified in all tumor models and with anti-PD-1 therapy. Inhibition of the most frequently mutated gene, Aak1, affected chemokine receptor expression and enhanced T-cell trafficking in vitro and in vivo Screen candidates should be further validated as therapeutic targets, with particular relevance to enhancing infiltration of adoptively transferred T cells into solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Rogers
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.
| | - Zhaoming Wang
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Sarah L Mott
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Adam J Dupuy
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - George J Weiner
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
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Carrelha J, Lin DS, Rodriguez-Fraticelli AE, Luis TC, Wilkinson AC, Cabezas-Wallscheid N, Tremblay CS, Haas S. Single-cell lineage tracing approaches in hematology research: technical considerations. Exp Hematol 2020; 89:26-36. [PMID: 32735908 PMCID: PMC7894992 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2020.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The coordinated differentiation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) into the various mature blood cell types is responsible for sustaining blood and immune system homeostasis. The cell fate decisions underlying this important biological process are made at the level of single cells. Methods to trace the fate of single cells are therefore essential for understanding hematopoietic system activity in health and disease and have had a major impact on how we understand and represent hematopoiesis. Here, we discuss the basic methodologies and technical considerations for three important clonal assays: single-cell transplantation, lentiviral barcoding, and Sleeping Beauty barcoding. This perspective is a synthesis of presentations and discussions from the 2019 International Society for Experimental Hematology (ISEH) Annual Meeting New Investigator Technology Session and the 2019 ISEH Winter Webinar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Carrelha
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Dawn S Lin
- Immunology, The Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alejo E Rodriguez-Fraticelli
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tiago C Luis
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Adam C Wilkinson
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Cedric S Tremblay
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Simon Haas
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Magnani CF, Tettamanti S, Alberti G, Pisani I, Biondi A, Serafini M, Gaipa G. Transposon-Based CAR T Cells in Acute Leukemias: Where are We Going? Cells 2020; 9:cells9061337. [PMID: 32471151 PMCID: PMC7349235 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has become a new therapeutic reality for refractory and relapsed leukemia patients and is also emerging as a potential therapeutic option in solid tumors. Viral vector-based CAR T-cells initially drove these successful efforts; however, high costs and cumbersome manufacturing processes have limited the widespread clinical implementation of CAR T-cell therapy. Here we will discuss the state of the art of the transposon-based gene transfer and its application in CAR T immunotherapy, specifically focusing on the Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon system, as a valid cost-effective and safe option as compared to the viral vector-based systems. A general overview of SB transposon system applications will be provided, with an update of major developments, current clinical trials achievements and future perspectives exploiting SB for CAR T-cell engineering. After the first clinical successes achieved in the context of B-cell neoplasms, we are now facing a new era and it is paramount to advance gene transfer technology to fully exploit the potential of CAR T-cells towards next-generation immunotherapy.
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Mbongue JC, Alhoshani A, Rawson J, Garcia PA, Gonzalez N, Ferreri K, Kandeel F, Husseiny MI. Tracking of an Oral Salmonella-Based Vaccine for Type 1 Diabetes in Non-obese Diabetic Mice. Front Immunol 2020; 11:712. [PMID: 32411136 PMCID: PMC7198770 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) arises secondary to immune-driven destruction of pancreatic β-cells and manifests as insulin-deficient hyperglycemia. We showed that oral vaccination with live attenuated Salmonella, which simultaneously delivers autoantigens and a TGFβ expression vector to immune cells in the gut mucosa, provides protection against the progression of T1D in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. In this study we employed the Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon system that is composed of a transposase and transposon encoding the td-Tomato to express red fluorescent protein (RFP) to permanently mark the cells that take up the Salmonella vaccine. After animal vaccination, the transposon labeled-dendritic cells (DCs) with red fluorescence appeared throughout the secondary lymphoid tissues. Furthermore, Sleeping Beauty containing tgfβ1 gene (SB-tgfβ1) co-expressed TGFβ and RFP. The labeled DCs were detected predominantly in Peyer's patches (PP) and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) and expressed CD103 surface marker. CD103+ DCs induced tolerogenic effects and gut homing. TGFβ significantly increased programmed death-ligand-1 (PDL-1 or CD274) expression in the DCs in the MLN and PP of treated mice. Also, TGFβ increased cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein-4 (CTLA-4) levels in CD4+ cells in MLN and PP. Interestingly, DCs increased in all lymphatic organs of mice vaccinated with oral live Salmonella-based vaccine expressing preproinsulin (PPI), in combination with TGFβ, IL10, and subtherapeutic-doses of anti-CD3 mAb compared with vehicle-treated mice. These DCs are mostly tolerogenic in MLN and PP. Furthermore the DCs obtained from vaccine-treated but not vehicle-treated mice suppressed in vitro T cell proliferation. These data suggest that the MLN and the PP are a central hub for the beneficial anti-diabetic effects of an oral Salmonella-based vaccine prevention of diabetes in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques C. Mbongue
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Ali Alhoshani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jeffrey Rawson
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Pablo A. Garcia
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Nelson Gonzalez
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Kevin Ferreri
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Fouad Kandeel
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Mohamed I. Husseiny
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Guimaraes-Young A, Feddersen CR, Dupuy AJ. Sleeping Beauty Mouse Models of Cancer: Microenvironmental Influences on Cancer Genetics. Front Oncol 2019; 9:611. [PMID: 31338332 PMCID: PMC6629774 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon insertional mutagenesis system offers a streamlined approach to identify genetic drivers of cancer. With a relatively random insertion profile, SB is uniquely positioned for conducting unbiased forward genetic screens. Indeed, SB mouse models of cancer have revealed insights into the genetics of tumorigenesis. In this review, we highlight experiments that have exploited the SB system to interrogate the genetics of cancer in distinct biological contexts. We also propose experimental designs that could further our understanding of the relationship between tumor microenvironment and tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Guimaraes-Young
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Charlotte R Feddersen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Adam J Dupuy
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
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Kumbhari V, Li L, Piontek K, Ishida M, Fu R, Khalil B, Garrett CM, Liapi E, Kalloo AN, Selaru FM. Successful liver-directed gene delivery by ERCP-guided hydrodynamic injection (with videos). Gastrointest Endosc 2018; 88:755-763.e5. [PMID: 30220303 PMCID: PMC6249687 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2018.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS A simple, safe, targeted, and efficient in vivo DNA delivery system is necessary for clinical-grade liver-targeted gene therapy in humans. Intravascular hydrodynamic gene delivery has been investigated in large animal models, but translation to humans has been hampered by its technical challenges, invasiveness, and potential for significant cardiovascular adverse events. We posited that intrabiliary delivery of DNA plasmids via ERCP-guided hydrodynamic injection could overcome these obstacles. METHODS Twelve pigs (40-50 kg) were divided into 3 groups (4 per group) and survived 21, 30, or 60 days. ERCP was performed by inflating a balloon catheter in the common hepatic duct and creating a closed space between it and the liver parenchyma. Last, a solution composed of plasmid/sleeping beauty (SB) mix was injected under pressure through the catheter into the closed space. Swine were killed at the 3 different time points and liver tissue harvested. Plasmid DNA expression and functional translated protein expression were assessed. RESULTS ERCP-guided hydrodynamic delivery of naked plasmid DNA facilitated by pCytomegalovirus-Sleep Beauty (pCMV-SB) transposons was technically feasible and devoid of cardiovascular and local adverse events in all 12 pigs. Furthermore, plasmid DNA (both single and combination) was successfully transferred into swine hepatocytes in all 12 pigs. Additionally, stable integration of the DNA constructs in hepatocyte genomic DNA was reliably noted at all 3 time points. In the 4 swine that were kept alive to 60 days, successful genomic integration and subsequent protein expression was observed in the targeted liver tissue. CONCLUSIONS ERCP-guided hydrodynamic delivery of gene therapy may usher in the next chapter in gene therapy with the potential to impact a variety of single-gene, complex genetic, and epigenetic liver diseases. It also raises the possibility that other nucleic acid therapeutics (microRNA, lncRNA, siRNA, shRNA) could similarly be delivered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kumbhari
- Department of Medicine and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Medicine and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD
| | - Klaus Piontek
- Department of Medicine and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD
| | - Masaharu Ishida
- Department of Medicine and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD
| | - Rongdang Fu
- Department of Medicine and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD
| | - Bassem Khalil
- Department of Medicine and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD
| | - Caroline M. Garrett
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Eleni Liapi
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD
| | - Anthony N. Kalloo
- Department of Medicine and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD
| | - Florin M. Selaru
- Department of Medicine and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD,Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD,The Institute for NanoBio Technology (INBT), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
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13
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Barbon E, Ferrarese M, van Wittenberghe L, Sanatine P, Ronzitti G, Collaud F, Colella P, Pinotti M, Mingozzi F. Transposon-mediated Generation of Cellular and Mouse Models of Splicing Mutations to Assess the Efficacy of snRNA-based Therapeutics. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids 2016; 5:e392. [PMID: 27898092 PMCID: PMC5155329 DOI: 10.1038/mtna.2016.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Disease-causing splicing mutations can be rescued by variants of the U1 small nuclear RNA (U1snRNAs). However, the evaluation of the efficacy and safety of modified U1snRNAs as therapeutic tools is limited by the availability of cellular and animal models specific for a given mutation. Hence, we exploited the hyperactive Sleeping Beauty transposon system (SB100X) to integrate human factor IX (hFIX) minigenes into genomic DNA in vitro and in vivo. We generated stable HEK293 cell lines and C57BL/6 mice harboring splicing-competent hFIX minigenes either wild type (SChFIX-wt) or mutated (SChFIXex5-2C). In both models the SChFIXex5-2C variant, found in patients affected by Hemophilia B, displayed an aberrant splicing pattern characterized by exon 5 skipping. This allowed us to test, for the first time in a genomic DNA context, the efficacy of the snRNA U1-fix9, delivered with an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector. With this approach, we showed rescue of the correct splicing pattern of hFIX mRNA, leading to hFIX protein expression. These data validate the SB100X as a versatile tool to quickly generate models of human genetic mutations, to study their effect in a stable DNA context and to assess mutation-targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mattia Ferrarese
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mirko Pinotti
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Federico Mingozzi
- Genethon, Evry, France
- INSERM U951, Evry, France
- Institute of Myology, University Pierre and Marie Curie – Paris 6, Paris, France
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14
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Tao J, Xu E, Zhao Y, Singh S, Li X, Couchy G, Chen X, Zucman-Rossi J, Chikina M, Monga SPS. Modeling a human hepatocellular carcinoma subset in mice through coexpression of met and point-mutant β-catenin. Hepatology 2016; 64:1587-1605. [PMID: 27097116 PMCID: PMC5073058 DOI: 10.1002/hep.28601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hepatocellular cancer (HCC) remains a significant therapeutic challenge due to its poorly understood molecular basis. In the current study, we investigated two independent cohorts of 249 and 194 HCC cases for any combinatorial molecular aberrations. Specifically we assessed for simultaneous HMET expression or hMet activation and catenin β1 gene (CTNNB1) mutations to address any concomitant Met and Wnt signaling. To investigate cooperation in tumorigenesis, we coexpressed hMet and β-catenin point mutants (S33Y or S45Y) in hepatocytes using sleeping beauty transposon/transposase and hydrodynamic tail vein injection and characterized tumors for growth, signaling, gene signatures, and similarity to human HCC. Missense mutations in exon 3 of CTNNB1 were identified in subsets of HCC patients. Irrespective of amino acid affected, all exon 3 mutations induced similar changes in gene expression. Concomitant HMET overexpression or hMet activation and CTNNB1 mutations were evident in 9%-12.5% of HCCs. Coexpression of hMet and mutant-β-catenin led to notable HCC in mice. Tumors showed active Wnt and hMet signaling with evidence of glutamine synthetase and cyclin D1 positivity and mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase, AKT/Ras/mammalian target of rapamycin activation. Introduction of dominant-negative T-cell factor 4 prevented tumorigenesis. The gene expression of mouse tumors in hMet-mutant β-catenin showed high correlation, with subsets of human HCC displaying concomitant hMet activation signature and CTNNB1 mutations. CONCLUSION We have identified cooperation of hMet and β-catenin activation in a subset of HCC patients and modeled this human disease in mice with a significant transcriptomic intersection; this model will provide novel insight into the biology of this tumor and allow us to evaluate novel therapies as a step toward precision medicine. (Hepatology 2016;64:1587-1605).
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Tao
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Emily Xu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yifei Zhao
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sucha Singh
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xiaolei Li
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University California, San Francisco, CA,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Gabrielle Couchy
- Inserm, UMR-1162, Génomique fonctionnelle des Tumeurs solides, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, F-75010 France,Université Paris Descartes, Labex Immuno-Oncology, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75010 Paris, France,Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR SMBH, F-93000 Bobigny, France,Université Paris Diderot, IUH, F-75010 Paris
| | - Xin Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China,Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University California, San Francisco, CA,Liver Center, University California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Jessica Zucman-Rossi
- Inserm, UMR-1162, Génomique fonctionnelle des Tumeurs solides, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, F-75010 France,Université Paris Descartes, Labex Immuno-Oncology, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75010 Paris, France,Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR SMBH, F-93000 Bobigny, France,Université Paris Diderot, IUH, F-75010 Paris
| | - Maria Chikina
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Satdarshan P. S. Monga
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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15
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Dorr C, Janik C, Weg M, Been RA, Bader J, Kang R, Ng B, Foran L, Landman SR, O'Sullivan MG, Steinbach M, Sarver AL, Silverstein KAT, Largaespada DA, Starr TK. Transposon Mutagenesis Screen Identifies Potential Lung Cancer Drivers and CUL3 as a Tumor Suppressor. Mol Cancer Res 2015; 13:1238-47. [PMID: 25995385 PMCID: PMC4543426 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-14-0674-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) harbor thousands of passenger events that hide genetic drivers. Even highly recurrent events in NSCLC, such as mutations in PTEN, EGFR, KRAS, and ALK, are detected, at most, in only 30% of patients. Thus, many unidentified low-penetrant events are causing a significant portion of lung cancers. To detect low-penetrance drivers of NSCLC, a forward genetic screen was performed in mice using the Sleeping Beauty (SB) DNA transposon as a random mutagen to generate lung tumors in a Pten-deficient background. SB mutations coupled with Pten deficiency were sufficient to produce lung tumors in 29% of mice. Pten deficiency alone, without SB mutations, resulted in lung tumors in 11% of mice, whereas the rate in control mice was approximately 3%. In addition, thyroid cancer and other carcinomas, as well as the presence of bronchiolar and alveolar epithelialization, in mice deficient for Pten were also identified. Analysis of common transposon insertion sites identified 76 candidate cancer driver genes. These genes are frequently dysregulated in human lung cancers and implicate several signaling pathways. Cullin3 (Cul3), a member of a ubiquitin ligase complex that plays a role in the oxidative stress response pathway, was identified in the screen and evidence demonstrates that Cul3 functions as a tumor suppressor. IMPLICATIONS This study identifies many novel candidate genetic drivers of lung cancer and demonstrates that CUL3 acts as a tumor suppressor by regulating oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey Dorr
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Callie Janik
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Madison Weg
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Raha A Been
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Department of Comparative and Molecular Biosciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
| | - Justin Bader
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Ryan Kang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Brandon Ng
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Lindsey Foran
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Sean R Landman
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - M Gerard O'Sullivan
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota. Comparative Pathology Shared Resource, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Michael Steinbach
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Aaron L Sarver
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | | | - David A Largaespada
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Department of Genetic, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Timothy K Starr
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Department of Genetic, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
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16
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Keng VW, Sia D, Sarver AL, Tschida BR, Fan D, Alsinet C, Solé M, Lee WL, Kuka TP, Moriarity BS, Villanueva A, Dupuy AJ, Riordan JD, Bell JB, Silverstein KA, Llovet JM, Largaespada DA. Sex bias occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma in Poly7 molecular subclass is associated with EGFR. Hepatology 2013; 57:120-30. [PMID: 22899566 PMCID: PMC3511635 DOI: 10.1002/hep.26004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the deadliest solid cancers and is the third leading cause of cancer-related death. There is a universal estimated male/female ratio of 2.5, but the reason for this is not well understood. The Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon system was used to elucidate candidate oncogenic drivers of HCC in a forward genetics screening approach. Sex bias occurrence was conserved in our model, with male experimental mice developing liver tumors at reduced latency and higher tumor penetrance. In parallel, we explored sex differences regarding genomic aberrations in 235 HCC patients. Liver cancer candidate genes were identified from both sexes and genotypes. Interestingly, transposon insertions in the epidermal growth factor receptor (Egfr) gene were common in SB-induced liver tumors from male mice (10/10, 100%) but infrequent in female mice (2/9, 22%). Human single-nucleotide polymorphism data confirmed that polysomy of chromosome 7, locus of EGFR, was more frequent in males (26/62, 41%) than females (2/27, 7%) (P = 0.001). Gene expression-based Poly7 subclass patients were predominantly male (9/9) compared with 67% males (55/82) in other HCC subclasses (P = 0.02), and this subclass was accompanied by EGFR overexpression (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Sex bias occurrence of HCC associated with EGFR was confirmed in experimental animals using the SB transposon system in a reverse genetic approach. This study provides evidence for the role of EGFR in sex bias occurrences of liver cancer and as the driver mutational gene in the Poly7 molecular subclass of human HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent W. Keng
- Masonic Cancer Center, BCLC Group-Liver Unit, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona 08036, Spain,Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, BCLC Group-Liver Unit, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona 08036, Spain,Center for Genome Engineering, BCLC Group-Liver Unit, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Daniela Sia
- HCC Translational Research Lab, BCLC Group-Liver Unit, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona 08036, Spain,Gastrointestinal Surgery and Liver Transplantation Unit, National Cancer Institute, IRCSS Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Aaron L. Sarver
- Masonic Cancer Center, BCLC Group-Liver Unit, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona 08036, Spain,Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Barbara R. Tschida
- Masonic Cancer Center, BCLC Group-Liver Unit, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona 08036, Spain,Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, BCLC Group-Liver Unit, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona 08036, Spain,Center for Genome Engineering, BCLC Group-Liver Unit, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Danhua Fan
- Masonic Cancer Center, BCLC Group-Liver Unit, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona 08036, Spain,Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Clara Alsinet
- HCC Translational Research Lab, BCLC Group-Liver Unit, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Manel Solé
- HCC Translational Research Lab, BCLC Group-Liver Unit, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Wai L. Lee
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, BCLC Group-Liver Unit, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Timothy P. Kuka
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, BCLC Group-Liver Unit, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Branden S. Moriarity
- Masonic Cancer Center, BCLC Group-Liver Unit, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona 08036, Spain,Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, BCLC Group-Liver Unit, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Augusto Villanueva
- HCC Translational Research Lab, BCLC Group-Liver Unit, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | | | | | - Jason B. Bell
- Masonic Cancer Center, BCLC Group-Liver Unit, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona 08036, Spain,Center for Genome Engineering, BCLC Group-Liver Unit, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Kevin A.T. Silverstein
- Masonic Cancer Center, BCLC Group-Liver Unit, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona 08036, Spain,Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Josep M. Llovet
- HCC Translational Research Lab, BCLC Group-Liver Unit, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona 08036, Spain,Mount Sinai Liver Cancer Program. Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York City, New York 10029, USA,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona 08010, Spain
| | - David A. Largaespada
- Masonic Cancer Center, BCLC Group-Liver Unit, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona 08036, Spain,Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, BCLC Group-Liver Unit, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona 08036, Spain,Center for Genome Engineering, BCLC Group-Liver Unit, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona 08036, Spain
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