51
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Wu S, Li X, Meng S, Fung T, Chan AT, Liang G, Giovannucci E, De Vivo I, Lee JH, Nan H. Fruit and vegetable consumption, cigarette smoke, and leukocyte mitochondrial DNA copy number. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 109:424-432. [PMID: 30721920 PMCID: PMC6367969 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mitochondrial dysfunction is an important component of the aging process and has been implicated in the development of many human diseases. Mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn), an indirect biomarker of mitochondrial function, is sensitive to oxidative damage. Few population-based studies have investigated the impact of fruit and vegetable consumption and cigarette smoke (2 major sources of exogenous antioxidants and oxidants) on leukocyte mtDNAcn. Objectives We investigated the association between fruit and vegetable consumption, cigarette smoke, and leukocyte mtDNAcn based on data from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS). Methods Data from 2769 disease-free women in the NHS were used to examine the cross-sectional associations between dietary sources of antioxidants, cigarette smoke, and leukocyte mtDNAcn. In vitro cell-based experiments were conducted to support the findings from the population-based study. Results In the multivariable-adjusted model, both whole-fruit consumption and intake of flavanones (a group of antioxidants abundant in fruit) were positively associated with leukocyte mtDNAcn (P-trend = 0.005 and 0.02, respectively), whereas pack-years of smoking and smoking duration were inversely associated with leukocyte mtDNAcn (P-trend = 0.01 and 0.007, respectively). These findings are supported by in vitro cell-based experiments showing that the administration of naringin, a major flavanone in fruit, led to a substantial increase in mtDNAcn in human leukocytes, whereas exposure to nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone, a key carcinogenic ingredient of cigarette smoke, resulted in a significant decrease in mtDNAcn of cells (all P < 0.05). Further in vitro studies showed that alterations in leukocyte mtDNAcn were functionally linked to the modulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and function. Conclusions Fruit consumption and intake of dietary flavanones were associated with increased leukocyte mtDNAcn, whereas cigarette smoking was associated with decreased leukocyte mtDNAcn, which is a promising biomarker for oxidative stress-related health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaowei Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Richard M Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN
| | | | - Teresa Fung
- Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Department of Nutrition, Simmons College, Boston, MA
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Geyu Liang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Edward Giovannucci
- Departments of Epidemiology
- Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Immaculata De Vivo
- Departments of Epidemiology
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jin Hyup Lee
- Department of Food and Biotechnology
- Institutes of Natural Sciences, Korea University, Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongmei Nan
- Department of Epidemiology, Richard M Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN
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52
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Skała E, Synowiec E, Kowalczyk T, Śliwiński T, Sitarek P. Rhaponticum carthamoides Transformed Root Extract Has Potent Anticancer Activity in Human Leukemia and Lung Adenocarcinoma Cell Lines. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:8198652. [PMID: 30622675 PMCID: PMC6304841 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8198652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Rhaponticum carthamoides (Willd.) Iljin. is an endemic plant species, which is important in Siberian medicine. It possesses adaptogenic properties and has been used for treatment of overstrain and weakness after illness, physical weakness, and mental weariness. The roots of this species obtained after Agrobacterium rhizogenes transformation are rich in caffeoylquinic acid derivatives known as strong antioxidant compounds. The study makes the first evaluation of the cytotoxic and genotoxic activity of transformed root extract (Rc TR extract) in various human cancer cell lines: leukemia cells (K-562 and CCRF-CEM) and lung adenocarcinoma cells (A549). It was found that Rc TR extract inhibited the cell viability of all tested cell lines in a concentration-dependent manner, and leukemia cell lines were more sensitive to plant extract than A549 lung cancer cell line. Additionally, the Rc TR extract reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential and demonstrated genotoxicity against tested cell lines by increasing mitochondrial DNA lesions in ND1 and ND5 genes and causing nuclear DNA damage in TP53 gene. Our results show that Rc TR extract may effectively treat cancer cells by inducing dysfunction of mitochondria. Additionally, the role of mtDNA may be a promising factor in chemotherapy, and it needs further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Skała
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewelina Synowiec
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kowalczyk
- Department of Genetics, Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Śliwiński
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Przemysław Sitarek
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
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53
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Du X, Shen T, Wang H, Qin X, Xing D, Ye Q, Shi Z, Fang Z, Zhu Y, Yang Y, Peng Z, Zhao C, Lv B, Li X, Liu G, Li X. Adaptations of hepatic lipid metabolism and mitochondria in dairy cows with mild fatty liver. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:9544-9558. [PMID: 30100495 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-14546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The inevitable deficiency in nutrients and energy at the onset of lactation requires an optimal adaptation of the hepatic metabolism to overcome metabolic stress. Fatty liver is one of the main health disorders after parturition. Therefore, to investigate changes in hepatic lipid metabolic status and mitochondria in dairy cows with mild fatty liver, liver and blood samples were collected from healthy cows (n = 15) and cows with mild fatty liver (n = 15). To determine the effects of palmitic acids (PA), one of the major component of fatty acids, on lipid metabolism and mitochondria in vitro, calf hepatocytes were isolated from healthy calves and treated with various concentrations of PA (0, 50, 100, and 200 μM). Dairy cows with mild fatty liver displayed hepatic lipid accumulation. The protein levels of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα) and mRNA levels of acetyl CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1), fatty acid synthase (FAS), acyl-CoA oxidase (ACO), and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) were significantly higher in dairy cows with mild fatty liver than in control cows. The hepatic mitochondrial DNA content, mRNA levels of oxidative phosphorylation complexes I to V (CO 1-V), protein levels of cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV (COX IV), voltage dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) and nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content were all markedly increased in the liver of dairy cows with mild fatty liver compared with healthy cows. The PA treatment significantly increased lipid accumulation; protein levels of SREBP-1c and PPARα; and mRNA levels of ACC1, FAS, ACO, and CPT1A in calf hepatocytes. Moreover, the mitochondrial DNA content, mRNA levels of CO 1-V, protein levels of COX IV, VDAC1, PGC-1α, NRF1, mitochondrial transcription factor A, and ATP content were significantly increased in PA-treated hepatocytes compared with control hepatocytes. The protein level of mitofusin-2 was significantly decreased in PA-treated groups. In conclusion, lipid synthesis and oxidation, number of mitochondria, and ATP production were increased in the liver of dairy cows with mild fatty liver and PA-treated calf hepatocytes. These changes in hepatic mitochondria and lipid metabolism may be the adaptive mechanism of dairy cows with mild fatty liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiliang Du
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, China
| | - Taiyu Shen
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, China
| | - Heyuan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital, Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Road, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China
| | - Xia Qin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agriculture University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110866, China
| | - Dongmei Xing
- Animal Medicine College, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Qianqian Ye
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, China
| | - Zhen Shi
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, China
| | - Zhiyuan Fang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, China
| | - Yiwei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, China
| | - Yuchen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, China
| | - Zhicheng Peng
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, China
| | - Chenxu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, China
| | - Bin Lv
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, China
| | - Xiaobing Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, China
| | - Guowen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, China.
| | - Xinwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130062, China.
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Zhang R, Wang J. HuR stabilizes TFAM mRNA in an ATM/p38-dependent manner in ionizing irradiated cancer cells. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:2446-2457. [PMID: 29856906 PMCID: PMC6113444 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) plays key roles in transcription and maintenance of mtDNA. It has been reported that TFAM could promote the proliferation and tumorigenesis of cells under stressed conditions. Previous evidence showed ionizing radiation stimulated the expression of TFAM, the replication of mtDNA, and the activity of mtDNA‐encoded cytochrome C oxidase. However, little is known about the mechanism of TFAM regulation in irradiated cells. In this article, we explored the role of mRNA stability in regulating TFAM expression in irradiated cancer cells. Our results showed that radiation stimulated the levels of TFAM mRNA and protein. RNA‐binding protein HuR associated and stabilized TFAM mRNA to facilitate the expression of TFAM, which was enhanced by radiation. Furthermore, radiation‐activated ataxia‐telangiectasia mutated kinase/p38 signaling positively contributed to the nucleus to cytosol translocation of HuR, its binding and stabilization of TFAM mRNA, without affecting the transcription and the stability of TFAM. Our current work proposed a new mechanism of DNA damage response‐regulated mitochondrial function variations, and indicated that TFAM might be a potential target for increasing the sensitization of cancer cells to radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
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55
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Han Y, Cho U, Kim S, Park IS, Cho JH, Dhanasekaran DN, Song YS. Tumour microenvironment on mitochondrial dynamics and chemoresistance in cancer. Free Radic Res 2018; 52:1271-1287. [PMID: 29607684 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2018.1459594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria, evolutionally acquired symbionts of eukaryotic cells, are essential cytoplasmic organelles. They are structurally dynamic organelles that continually go through fission and fusion processes in response to various stimuli. Tumour tissue is composed of not just cancer cells but also various cell types like fibroblasts, mesenchymal stem and immune cells. Mitochondrial dynamics of cancer cells has been shown to be significantly affected by features of tumour microenvironment such as hypoxia, inflammation and energy deprivation. The interactions of cancer cells with tumour microenvironment like hypoxia give rise to the inter- and intratumoural heterogeneity, causing chemoresistance. In this review, we will focus on the chemoresistance by tumoural heterogeneity in relation to mitochondrial dynamics of cancer cells. Recent findings in molecular mechanisms involved in the control of mitochondrial dynamics as well as the impact of mitochondrial dynamics on drug sensitivity in cancer are highlighted in the current review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngjin Han
- a Biomodulation, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology , Seoul National University , Seoul , Republic of Korea.,b Cancer Research Institute , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Untack Cho
- b Cancer Research Institute , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea.,c Interdisciplinary Program in Cancer Biology , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Soochi Kim
- b Cancer Research Institute , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea.,d Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - In Sil Park
- b Cancer Research Institute , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea.,e Department of Agricultural Biotechnology , Seoul National University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Cho
- f Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Danny N Dhanasekaran
- g Stephenson Cancer Center , University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City , OK , USA
| | - Yong Sang Song
- a Biomodulation, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology , Seoul National University , Seoul , Republic of Korea.,b Cancer Research Institute , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea.,c Interdisciplinary Program in Cancer Biology , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea.,f Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea
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56
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Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction underlines a multitude of pathologies; however, studies are scarce that rescue the mitochondria for cellular resuscitation. Exploration into the protective role of mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) and its mitochondrial functions respective to cardiomyocyte death are in need of further investigation. TFAM is a gene regulator that acts to mitigate calcium mishandling and ROS production by wrapping around mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) complexes. TFAM's regulatory functions over serca2a, NFAT, and Lon protease contribute to cardiomyocyte stability. Calcium- and ROS-dependent proteases, calpains, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are abundantly found upregulated in the failing heart. TFAM's regulatory role over ROS production and calcium mishandling leads to further investigation into the cardioprotective role of exogenous TFAM. In an effort to restabilize physiological and contractile activity of cardiomyocytes in HF models, we propose that TFAM-packed exosomes (TFAM-PE) will act therapeutically by mitigating mitochondrial dysfunction. Notably, this is the first mention of exosomal delivery of transcription factors in the literature. Here we elucidate the role of TFAM in mitochondrial rescue and focus on its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- George H Kunkel
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Health Sciences Centre, 1216, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, 500, South Preston Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Pankaj Chaturvedi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Health Sciences Centre, 1216, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, 500, South Preston Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
| | - Suresh C Tyagi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Health Sciences Centre, 1216, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, 500, South Preston Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
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57
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Guan M, Fang Q, He Z, Li Y, Qian F, Qian X, Lu L, Zhang X, Liu D, Qi J, Zhang S, Tang M, Gao X, Chai R. Inhibition of ARC decreases the survival of HEI-OC-1 cells after neomycin damage in vitro. Oncotarget 2018; 7:66647-66659. [PMID: 27556499 PMCID: PMC5341827 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hearing loss is a common sensory disorder mainly caused by the loss of hair cells (HCs). Noise, aging, and ototoxic drugs can all induce apoptosis in HCs. Apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain(ARC) is a key factor in apoptosis that inhibits both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathways; however, there have been no reports on the role of ARC in HC loss in the inner ear. In this study, we used House Ear Institute Organ of Corti 1 (HEI-OC-1) cells, which is a cochlear hair-cell-like cell line, to investigate the role of ARC in aminoglycoside-induced HC loss. ARC was expressed in the cochlear HCs as well as in the HEI-OC-1 cells, but not in the supporting cells, and the expression level of ARC in HCs was decreased after neomycin injury in both cochlear HCs and HEI-OC-1 cells, suggesting that reduced levels of ARC might correlate with neomycin-induced HC loss. We inhibited ARC expression using siRNA and found that this significantly increased the sensitivity of HEI-OC-1 cells to neomycin toxicity. Finally, we found that ARC inhibition increased the expression of pro-apoptotic factors, decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential, and increased the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) after neomycin injury, suggesting that ARC inhibits cell death and apoptosis in HEI-OC-1 cells by controlling mitochondrial function and ROS accumulation. Thus the endogenous anti-apoptotic factor ARC might be a new therapeutic target for the prevention of aminoglycoside-induced HC loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Guan
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Affiliated Hangzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, China.,Department of Otolaryngology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310006, China.,Department of Otolaryngology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Qiaojun Fang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Zuhong He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Affiliated Hangzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, China.,Department of Otolaryngology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Fuping Qian
- MOE Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xiaoyun Qian
- Department of Otolaryngology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China.,Department of Otolaryngology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Ling Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China.,Department of Otolaryngology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Dingding Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jieyu Qi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Shasha Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Mingliang Tang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xia Gao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China.,Department of Otolaryngology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Renjie Chai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
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58
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Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which is essential for mitochondrial and cell function, is replicated and transcribed in the organelle by proteins that are entirely coded in the nucleus. Replication of mtDNA is challenged not only by threats related to the replication machinery and orchestration of DNA synthesis, but also by factors linked to the peculiarity of this genome. Indeed the architecture, organization, copy number, and location of mtDNA, which are markedly distinct from the nuclear genome, require ad hoc and complex regulation to ensure coordinated replication. As a consequence sub-optimal mtDNA replication, which results from compromised regulation of these factors, is generally associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and disease. Mitochondrial DNA replication should be considered in the context of the organelle and the whole cell, and not just a single genome or a single replication event. Major threats to mtDNA replication are linked to its dependence on both mitochondrial and nuclear factors, which require exquisite coordination of these crucial subcellular compartments. Moreover, regulation of replication events deals with a dynamic population of multiple mtDNA molecules rather than with a fixed number of genome copies, as it is the case for nuclear DNA. Importantly, the mechanistic aspects of mtDNA replication are still debated. We describe here major challenges for human mtDNA replication, the mechanistic aspects of the process that are to a large extent original, and their consequences on disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miria Ricchetti
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Stem Cells and Development, 75724 Cedex15, Paris, France; Team Stability of Nuclear and Mitochondrial DNA, CNRS UMR 3738, 75724, Cedex15, Paris, France.
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59
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Warren EB, Aicher AE, Fessel JP, Konradi C. Mitochondrial DNA depletion by ethidium bromide decreases neuronal mitochondrial creatine kinase: Implications for striatal energy metabolism. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0190456. [PMID: 29287112 PMCID: PMC5747477 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), the discrete genome which encodes subunits of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, is present at highly variable copy numbers across cell types. Though severe mtDNA depletion dramatically reduces mitochondrial function, the impact of tissue-specific mtDNA reduction remains debated. Previously, our lab identified reduced mtDNA quantity in the putamen of Parkinson's Disease (PD) patients who had developed L-DOPA Induced Dyskinesia (LID), compared to PD patients who had not developed LID and healthy subjects. Here, we present the consequences of mtDNA depletion by ethidium bromide (EtBr) treatment on the bioenergetic function of primary cultured neurons, astrocytes and neuron-enriched cocultures from rat striatum. We report that EtBr inhibition of mtDNA replication and transcription consistently reduces mitochondrial oxygen consumption, and that neurons are significantly more sensitive to EtBr than astrocytes. EtBr also increases glycolytic activity in astrocytes, whereas in neurons it reduces the expression of mitochondrial creatine kinase mRNA and levels of phosphocreatine. Further, we show that mitochondrial creatine kinase mRNA is similarly downregulated in dyskinetic PD patients, compared to both non-dyskinetic PD patients and healthy subjects. Our data support a hypothesis that reduced striatal mtDNA contributes to energetic dysregulation in the dyskinetic striatum by destabilizing the energy buffering system of the phosphocreatine/creatine shuttle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Booth Warren
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Aidan Edward Aicher
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Joshua Patrick Fessel
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Christine Konradi
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
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60
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Gao W, Wu M, Wang N, Zhang Y, Hua J, Tang G, Wang Y. Increased expression of mitochondrial transcription factor A and nuclear respiratory factor-1 predicts a poor clinical outcome of breast cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:1449-1458. [PMID: 29434836 PMCID: PMC5774493 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear respiratory factor-1 (Nrf1) and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) are involved in the regulation of a variety of mitochondrial functional genes, which are associated with decreased sensitivity of tumor cells to chemotherapy. However, the expression status of Nrf1 and TFAM, as well as their clinical significance in breast cancer, is unknown. In the present study, tumor tissues and corresponding adjacent normal tissues were collected from 336 patients with breast cancer, and Nrf1 and TFAM expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry using a tissue microarray. Expression of Nrf1 and TFAM was significantly increased in breast cancer tissue compared with adjacent normal tissues. In addition, patients positive for Nrf1 or TFAM had a poorer clinical prognosis than patients who were negative, and those positive for Nrf1 and TFAM had the shortest survival time. These results suggest that Nrf1 and TFAM are potential biomarkers for the determination of individualized therapy and the prognosis of breast cancer, and molecular targeting of Nrf1 and TFAM is a promising strategy for the sensitization of breast cancer cells to chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Meihong Wu
- Department of Oncology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Oncology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Yingyi Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Jing Hua
- Department of Oncology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Gusheng Tang
- Department of Hematology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Yajie Wang
- Department of Oncology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
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Chatre L, Fernandes J, Michel V, Fiette L, Avé P, Arena G, Jain U, Haas R, Wang TC, Ricchetti M, Touati E. Helicobacter pylori targets mitochondrial import and components of mitochondrial DNA replication machinery through an alternative VacA-dependent and a VacA-independent mechanisms. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15901. [PMID: 29162845 PMCID: PMC5698309 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15567-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting mitochondria is a powerful strategy for pathogens to subvert cell physiology and establish infection. Helicobacter pylori is a bacterial pathogen associated with gastric cancer development that is known to target mitochondria directly and exclusively through its pro-apoptotic and vacuolating cytotoxin VacA. By in vitro infection of gastric epithelial cells with wild-type and VacA-deficient H. pylori strains, treatment of cells with purified VacA proteins and infection of a mouse model, we show that H. pylori deregulates mitochondria by two novel mechanisms, both rather associated with host cell survival. First, early upon infection VacA induces transient increase of mitochondrial translocases and a dramatic accumulation of the mitochondrial DNA replication and maintenance factors POLG and TFAM. These events occur when VacA is not detected intracellularly, therefore do not require the direct interaction of the cytotoxin with the organelle, and are independent of the toxin vacuolating activity. In vivo, these alterations coincide with the evolution of gastric lesions towards severity. Second, H. pylori also induces VacA-independent alteration of mitochondrial replication and import components, suggesting the involvement of additional H. pylori activities in mitochondria-mediated effects. These data unveil two novel mitochondrial effectors in H. pylori-host interaction with links on gastric pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Chatre
- Stem Cells and Development, Team Stability of Nuclear and Mitochondrial DNA, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 Rue du Dr. Roux, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR3738, Paris, France
| | - Julien Fernandes
- Unit of Helicobacter Pathogenesis, Team Genotoxicity, Infection and Cancer, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 Rue du Dr. Roux, Paris, France.,CNRS ERL3526, Paris, France.,UTechS PBI-CiTech, Institut Pasteur, Paris, 75015, France
| | - Valérie Michel
- Unit of Helicobacter Pathogenesis, Team Genotoxicity, Infection and Cancer, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 Rue du Dr. Roux, Paris, France.,CNRS ERL3526, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Fiette
- Unit of Human Pathology and Animal Models, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 Rue du Dr. Roux, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, PRES Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Avé
- Unit of Human Pathology and Animal Models, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 Rue du Dr. Roux, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, PRES Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, Paris, France
| | - Giuseppe Arena
- Stem Cells and Development, Team Stability of Nuclear and Mitochondrial DNA, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 Rue du Dr. Roux, Paris, France.,IRCM (Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier), Université de Montpellier, 34298, Montpellier, France.,INSERM U1194, Montpellier, France
| | - Utkarsh Jain
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institute for Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Pettenkoferstraße 9a, D-80336, Munich, Germany.,Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University, Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201313, India
| | - Rainer Haas
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institute for Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Pettenkoferstraße 9a, D-80336, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research [DZIF], LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Timothy C Wang
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Miria Ricchetti
- Stem Cells and Development, Team Stability of Nuclear and Mitochondrial DNA, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 Rue du Dr. Roux, Paris, France. .,CNRS UMR3738, Paris, France.
| | - Eliette Touati
- Unit of Helicobacter Pathogenesis, Team Genotoxicity, Infection and Cancer, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 Rue du Dr. Roux, Paris, France. .,CNRS ERL3526, Paris, France.
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62
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He Z, Guo L, Shu Y, Fang Q, Zhou H, Liu Y, Liu D, Lu L, Zhang X, Ding X, Liu D, Tang M, Kong W, Sha S, Li H, Gao X, Chai R. Autophagy protects auditory hair cells against neomycin-induced damage. Autophagy 2017; 13:1884-1904. [PMID: 28968134 PMCID: PMC5788479 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2017.1359449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aminoglycosides are toxic to sensory hair cells (HCs). Macroautophagy/autophagy is an essential and highly conserved self-digestion pathway that plays important roles in the maintenance of cellular function and viability under stress. However, the role of autophagy in aminoglycoside-induced HC injury is unknown. Here, we first found that autophagy activity was significantly increased, including enhanced autophagosome-lysosome fusion, in both cochlear HCs and HEI-OC-1 cells after neomycin or gentamicin injury, suggesting that autophagy might be correlated with aminoglycoside-induced cell death. We then used rapamycin, an autophagy activator, to increase the autophagy activity and found that the ROS levels, apoptosis, and cell death were significantly decreased after neomycin or gentamicin injury. In contrast, treatment with the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) or knockdown of autophagy-related (ATG) proteins resulted in reduced autophagy activity and significantly increased ROS levels, apoptosis, and cell death after neomycin or gentamicin injury. Finally, after neomycin injury, the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine could successfully prevent the increased apoptosis and HC loss induced by 3-MA treatment or ATG knockdown, suggesting that autophagy protects against neomycin-induced HC damage by inhibiting oxidative stress. We also found that the dysfunctional mitochondria were not eliminated by selective autophagy (mitophagy) in HEI-OC-1 cells after neomycin treatment, suggesting that autophagy might not directly target the damaged mitochondria for degradation. This study demonstrates that moderate ROS levels can promote autophagy to recycle damaged cellular constituents and maintain cellular homeostasis, while the induction of autophagy can inhibit apoptosis and protect the HCs by suppressing ROS accumulation after aminoglycoside injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuhong He
- a Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences , Southeast University , Nanjing , China.,b Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Lingna Guo
- a Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences , Southeast University , Nanjing , China.,c Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration , Nantong University , Nantong , China
| | - Yilai Shu
- d Department of Otolaryngology, Hearing Research Institute , Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University , Shanghai , China.,e Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine , National Health and Family Planning Commission , Shangha i, China
| | - Qiaojun Fang
- a Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences , Southeast University , Nanjing , China.,c Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration , Nantong University , Nantong , China
| | - Han Zhou
- f Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery , Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory) , Nanjing , China
| | - Yongze Liu
- f Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery , Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory) , Nanjing , China
| | - Dingding Liu
- f Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery , Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory) , Nanjing , China
| | - Ling Lu
- f Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery , Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory) , Nanjing , China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- f Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery , Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory) , Nanjing , China
| | - Xiaoqiong Ding
- g Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital , Southeast University , Nanjing , China
| | - Dong Liu
- c Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration , Nantong University , Nantong , China
| | - Mingliang Tang
- a Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences , Southeast University , Nanjing , China.,c Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration , Nantong University , Nantong , China
| | - Weijia Kong
- b Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Suhua Sha
- h Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston , SC , USA
| | - Huawei Li
- d Department of Otolaryngology, Hearing Research Institute , Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University , Shanghai , China.,e Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine , National Health and Family Planning Commission , Shangha i, China
| | - Xia Gao
- f Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery , Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory) , Nanjing , China.,i Research Institute of Otolaryngology , Nanjing , China
| | - Renjie Chai
- a Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences , Southeast University , Nanjing , China.,c Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration , Nantong University , Nantong , China.,i Research Institute of Otolaryngology , Nanjing , China
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63
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Sznarkowska A, Kostecka A, Meller K, Bielawski KP. Inhibition of cancer antioxidant defense by natural compounds. Oncotarget 2017; 8:15996-16016. [PMID: 27911871 PMCID: PMC5362541 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
All classic, non-surgical anticancer approaches like chemotherapy, radiotherapy or photodynamic therapy kill cancer cells by inducing severe oxidative stress. Even tough chemo- and radiotherapy are still a gold standard in cancer treatment, the identification of non-toxic compounds that enhance their selectivity, would allow for lowering their doses, reduce side effects and risk of second cancers. Many natural products have the ability to sensitize cancer cells to oxidative stress induced by chemo- and radiotherapy by limiting antioxidant capacity of cancer cells. Blocking antioxidant defense in tumors decreases their ability to balance oxidative insult and results in cell death. Though one should bear in mind that the same natural compound often exerts both anti-oxidant and pro-oxidant properties, depending on concentration used, cell type, exposure time and environmental conditions. Here we present a comprehensive overview of natural products that inhibit major antioxidant defense mechanisms in cancer cells and discuss their potential in clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Sznarkowska
- Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Anna Kostecka
- Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Meller
- Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Piotr Bielawski
- Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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64
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Tong H, Zhang L, Gao J, Wen S, Zhou H, Feng S. Methylation of mitochondrial DNA displacement loop region regulates mitochondrial copy number in colorectal cancer. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:5347-5353. [PMID: 28849075 PMCID: PMC5647067 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
It is not established whether de-methylation of the displacement loop (D-loop) region if mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) directly influences mtDNA copy number and further alters the cell cycle, apoptosis and cell proliferation in colorectal cancer. The current study employed cell viability assays, cell cycle analysis, and mtDNA methylation analysis using 5 colorectal cancer cell lines. The present results demonstrated that 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5-AZA), a DNA hypomethylating agent, significantly increased proliferation of Lovo and Colo-205 colorectal cancer cell lines. In Colo-205 cells, the proportion of G0/G1 phase cells was increased following 5-AZA treatment. Additionally, the apoptosis rate in Colo-205 cells was decreased by 5-AZA treatment. Compared with their controls, a significantly higher mtDNA copy number was observed in Colo-205 and Lovo cells following 5-AZA treatment. Notably, the Colo-205 and Lovo cells had relatively higher methylation levels at the 4 and 6th/7th CpG sites of D-loop region, respectively, compared with the levels at the corresponding sites following 5-AZA treatment. However, in HCT116, SW480, LS-174T, and HT-29 cells, 5-AZA treatment did not induce a significant change in proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis and mtDNA copy number. Demethylation at the 4 and 6th/7th CpG sites of the D-loop region of HCT116, SW480, LS-174T and HT-29 cells was not observed following 5-AZA treatment. In conclusion, de-methylation of specific sites on CpG islands of D-loop promoter may lead to the elevation of mtDNA copy number in colorectal cancer, triggering alterations in biological behaviors, including increased cell proliferation, reduced apoptosis and a relative cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Tong
- Department of Human Anatomy, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Linhao Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Jinhang Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Shilei Wen
- Department of Human Anatomy, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Hongying Zhou
- Department of Human Anatomy, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Shi Feng
- Department of Human Anatomy, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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65
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Dannenmann B, Lehle S, Lorscheid S, Huber SM, Essmann F, Schulze-Osthoff K. Simultaneous quantification of DNA damage and mitochondrial copy number by long-run DNA-damage quantification (LORD-Q). Oncotarget 2017; 8:112417-112425. [PMID: 29348835 PMCID: PMC5762520 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA damage and changes in the mitochondrial DNA content have been implicated in ageing and cancer development. To prevent genomic instability and tumorigenesis, cells must maintain the integrity of their nuclear and mitochondrial DNA. Advances in the research of DNA damage protection and genomic stability, however, also depend on the availability of techniques that can reliably quantify alterations of mitochondrial DNA copy numbers and DNA lesions in an accurate high-throughput manner. Unfortunately, no such method has been established yet. Here, we describe the high-sensitivity long-run real-time PCR technique for DNA-damage quantification (LORD-Q) and its suitability to simultaneously measure DNA damage rates and mitochondrial DNA copy numbers in cultured cells and tissue samples. Using the LORD-Q multiplex assay, we exemplarily show that the mitochondrial DNA content does not directly affect DNA damage susceptibility, but influences the efficacy of certain anticancer drugs. Hence, LORD-Q provides a fast and precise method to assess DNA lesions, DNA repair and mtDNA replication as well as their role in a variety of pathological settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Dannenmann
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Interfaculty Institute for Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Simon Lehle
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Interfaculty Institute for Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Lorscheid
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Interfaculty Institute for Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stephan M Huber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Frank Essmann
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Interfaculty Institute for Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Klaus Schulze-Osthoff
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Interfaculty Institute for Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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66
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El Naqa I, Kerns SL, Coates J, Luo Y, Speers C, West CML, Rosenstein BS, Ten Haken RK. Radiogenomics and radiotherapy response modeling. Phys Med Biol 2017; 62:R179-R206. [PMID: 28657906 PMCID: PMC5557376 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aa7c55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Advances in patient-specific information and biotechnology have contributed to a new era of computational medicine. Radiogenomics has emerged as a new field that investigates the role of genetics in treatment response to radiation therapy. Radiation oncology is currently attempting to embrace these recent advances and add to its rich history by maintaining its prominent role as a quantitative leader in oncologic response modeling. Here, we provide an overview of radiogenomics starting with genotyping, data aggregation, and application of different modeling approaches based on modifying traditional radiobiological methods or application of advanced machine learning techniques. We highlight the current status and potential for this new field to reshape the landscape of outcome modeling in radiotherapy and drive future advances in computational oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issam El Naqa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
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67
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Zhang J, Wu Z, Guan M, Lu H, Mo X. Inhibition of ARC promoting the apoptosis of rat pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells after serum deprivation in vitro. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:3869-3876. [PMID: 28731195 PMCID: PMC5646964 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis has important pathophysiological consequences contributing to pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). However, the mechanism underlying apoptosis in PAH remains unknown. Apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain (ARC) is an essential factor in cell apoptosis, and regulates intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis signaling pathways. It is hypothesized that ARC may be involved in the apoptotic responses of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) following mild chronic injury. In the present study, serum deprivation (SD) was used to induce apoptosis of PASMCs. It was demonstrated that the expression of ARC in PASMCs was significantly increased following SD stimulation within 24 h, and ARC downregulation using small interfering RNA significantly enhanced the apoptosis of PASMCs following SD stimulation. In addition, the results demonstrated that ARC downregulation significantly increased the expression of proapoptotic factors and the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential following SD exposure, suggesting ARC regulates the apoptosis of PASMCs via modulating mitochondrial function and ROS accumulation. The results of the present study revealed that ARC inhibition promotes the apoptosis of PASMCs following SD stimulation, and that ARC expression increases in the early stages of SD injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Zeyu Wu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Ming Guan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Hongyan Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212000, P.R. China
| | - Xuming Mo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
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68
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Vaamonde-García C, Loureiro J, Valcárcel-Ares MN, Riveiro-Naveira RR, Ramil-Gómez O, Hermida-Carballo L, Centeno A, Meijide-Failde R, Blanco FJ, López-Armada MJ. The mitochondrial inhibitor oligomycin induces an inflammatory response in the rat knee joint. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2017; 18:254. [PMID: 28606072 PMCID: PMC5469149 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-017-1621-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent findings support a connection between mitochondrial dysfunction and activation of inflammatory pathways in articular cells. This study investigates in vivo in an acute model whether intra-articular administration of oligomycin, an inhibitor of mitochondrial function, induces an oxidative and inflammatory response in rat knee joints. Methods Oligomycin was injected into the rat left knee joint on days 0, 2, and 5 before joint tissues were obtained on day 6. The right knee joint served as control. Results were evaluated by macroscopy and histopathology and by measuring cellular and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE, a marker of lipid peroxidation), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and CD68 (macrophages) and chemokine levels. The marker of mitochondrial mass COX-IV was also evaluated. Results The macroscopic findings showed significantly greater swelling in oligomycin-injected knees than in control knees. Likewise, the histological score of synovial damage was also increased significantly. Immunohistochemical studies showed high expression of IL-8, coinciding with a marked infiltration of polymorphonuclears and CD68+ cells in the synovium. Mitochondrial mass was increased in the synovium of oligomycin-injected joints, as well as cellular and mitochondrial ROS production, and 4-HNE. Relatedly, expression of the oxidative stress-related transcription factor Nrf2 was also increased. As expected, no histological differences were observed in the cartilage; however, cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1 mRNA and protein expression were up-regulated in this tissue. Conclusions Mitochondrial failure in the joint is able to reproduce the oxidative and inflammatory status observed in arthritic joints. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12891-017-1621-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Vaamonde-García
- Aging and Inflammation Research Lab, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), As Xubias, 15006, A Coruña, Spain.,Tissue Engineering and Cellular Therapy Group, INIBIC, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences- UDC, Campus Oza, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Jesús Loureiro
- Aging and Inflammation Research Lab, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), As Xubias, 15006, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Marta N Valcárcel-Ares
- Aging and Inflammation Research Lab, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), As Xubias, 15006, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Romina R Riveiro-Naveira
- Aging and Inflammation Research Lab, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), As Xubias, 15006, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Olalla Ramil-Gómez
- Aging and Inflammation Research Lab, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), As Xubias, 15006, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Laura Hermida-Carballo
- Aging and Inflammation Research Lab, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), As Xubias, 15006, A Coruña, Spain
| | | | - Rosa Meijide-Failde
- Tissue Engineering and Cellular Therapy Group, INIBIC, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences- UDC, Campus Oza, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Francisco J Blanco
- Osteoarticular and Aging Research Lab, Rheumatology Service, INIBIC, CHUAC, Sergas, UDC, A Coruña, Spain
| | - María J López-Armada
- Aging and Inflammation Research Lab, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), As Xubias, 15006, A Coruña, Spain.
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69
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Weerts MJA, Hollestelle A, Sieuwerts AM, Foekens JA, Sleijfer S, Martens JWM. Low Tumor Mitochondrial DNA Content Is Associated with Better Outcome in Breast Cancer Patients Receiving Anthracycline-Based Chemotherapy. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:4735-4743. [PMID: 28420722 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: In this study, we aimed to explore whether low levels of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content in the primary tumor could predict better outcome for breast cancer patients receiving anthracycline-based therapies. We hypothesized that tumor cells with low mtDNA content are more susceptible to mitochondrial damage induced by anthracyclines, and thus are more susceptible to anthracycline treatment.Experimental Design: We measured mtDNA content by a qPCR approach in 295 primary breast tumor specimens originating from two well-defined cohorts: 174 lymph node-positive patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy and 121 patients with advanced disease who received chemotherapy as first-line palliative treatment. The chemotherapy regimens given were either anthracycline-based (FAC/FEC) or methotrexate-based (CMF).Results: In both the adjuvant and advanced settings, we observed increased benefit for patients with low mtDNA content in their primary tumor, but only when treated with FAC/FEC. In multivariable Cox regression analysis for respectively distant metastasis-free survival and progression-free survival, the HR for the FAC/FEC-treated mtDNA low group in the adjuvant setting was 0.46 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.24-0.89; P = 0.020] and in the advanced setting 0.49 (95% CI, 0.27-0.90; P = 0.022) compared with the FAC/FEC-treated mtDNA high group. We did not observe these associations in the patients treated with CMF.Conclusions: In our two study cohorts, breast cancer patients with low mtDNA content in their primary tumor had better outcome from anthracycline-containing chemotherapy. The frequently observed decrease in mtDNA content in primary breast tumors may be exploited by guiding chemotherapeutic regimen decision making. Clin Cancer Res; 23(16); 4735-43. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolein J A Weerts
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Antoinette Hollestelle
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anieta M Sieuwerts
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - John A Foekens
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Stefan Sleijfer
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - John W M Martens
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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70
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Zole E, Zadinane K, Pliss L, Ranka R. Linkage between mitochondrial genome alterations, telomere length and aging population. Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2017; 29:431-438. [PMID: 28340313 DOI: 10.1080/24701394.2017.1303490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We studied telomere length (TL) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number variations in individuals from Latvian Caucasian population in different age groups. We showed a positive correlation between TL and mtDNA copy number in individuals of up to 90 years of age; however, this correlation was not observed in the 90-100 years age group. While TL shortened with age and mtDNA content decreased with increasing age, in this study it was observed that mtDNA copy number in nonagenarians was slightly higher than in the 60-89 years age group. The presence of heteroplasmy in the mtDNA HVS-I control region did not correlate with TL and mtDNA copy number. TL and mtDNA values also did not differ between mitochondrial haplogroups. In conclusion, while both TL and mtDNA are involved in the aging process and link between these cell components exists, nonagenarians may have differences in senescence-related pathways and systems, which may function as a protective mechanism that allows them to live longer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egija Zole
- a Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre , Riga , Latvia.,b Faculty of Biology , University of Latvia , Riga , Latvia
| | | | - Liana Pliss
- a Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre , Riga , Latvia
| | - Renate Ranka
- a Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre , Riga , Latvia.,c Riga Stradins University , Riga , Latvia
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71
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Di Daniele N, Noce A, Vidiri MF, Moriconi E, Marrone G, Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli M, D’Urso G, Tesauro M, Rovella V, De Lorenzo A. Impact of Mediterranean diet on metabolic syndrome, cancer and longevity. Oncotarget 2017; 8:8947-8979. [PMID: 27894098 PMCID: PMC5352455 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity symbolizes a major public health problem. Overweight and obesity are associated to the occurrence of the metabolic syndrome and to adipose tissue dysfunction. The adipose tissue is metabolically active and an endocrine organ, whose dysregulation causes a low-grade inflammatory state and ectopic fat depositions. The Mediterranean Diet represents a possible therapy for metabolic syndrome, preventing adiposopathy or "sick fat" formation.The Mediterranean Diet exerts protective effects in elderly subjects with and without baseline of chronic diseases. Recent studies have demonstrated a relationship between cancer and obesity. In the US, diet represents amount 30-35% of death causes related to cancer. Currently, the cancer is the second cause of death after cardiovascular diseases worldwide. Furthermore, populations living in the Mediterranean area have a decreased incidence of cancer compared with populations living in Northern Europe or the US, likely due to healthier dietary habits. The bioactive food components have a potential preventive action on cancer. The aims of this review are to evaluate the impact of Mediterranean Diet on onset, progression and regression of metabolic syndrome, cancer and on longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Di Daniele
- Department of Systems Medicine, Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Italy
| | - Annalisa Noce
- Department of Systems Medicine, Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Italy
| | - Maria Francesca Vidiri
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Division of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomic, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Italy
| | - Eleonora Moriconi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Division of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomic, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Italy
| | - Giulia Marrone
- Department of Systems Medicine, Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Italy
| | | | - Gabriele D’Urso
- Department of Systems Medicine, Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Italy
| | - Manfredi Tesauro
- Department of Systems Medicine, Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Italy
| | - Valentina Rovella
- Department of Systems Medicine, Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Italy
| | - Antonino De Lorenzo
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Division of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomic, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Italy
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72
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Gusdon AM, Callio J, Distefano G, O'Doherty RM, Goodpaster BH, Coen PM, Chu CT. Exercise increases mitochondrial complex I activity and DRP1 expression in the brains of aged mice. Exp Gerontol 2017; 90:1-13. [PMID: 28108329 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Exercise is known to have numerous beneficial effects. Recent studies indicate that exercise improves mitochondrial energetics not only in skeletal muscle but also in other tissues. While exercise elicits positive effects on memory, neurogenesis, and synaptic plasticity, the effects of exercise on brain mitochondrial energetics remain relatively unknown. Herein, we studied the effects of exercise training in old and young mice on brain mitochondrial energetics, in comparison to known effects on peripheral tissues that utilize fatty acid oxidation. Exercise improved the capacity for muscle and liver to oxidize palmitate in old mice, but not young mice. In the brain, exercise increased rates of respiration and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the old group only while utilizing complex I substrates, effects that were not seen in the young group. Coupled complex I to III enzymatic activity was significantly increased in old trained versus untrained mice with no effect on coupled II to III enzymatic activity. Mitochondrial protein content and markers of mitochondrial biogenesis (PGC-1α and TFAM) were not affected by exercise training in the brain, in contrast to the skeletal muscle of old mice. Brain levels of the autophagy marker LC3-II and protein levels of other signaling proteins that regulate metabolism or transport (BDNF, HSP60, phosphorylated mTOR, FNDC5, SIRT3) were not significantly altered. Old exercised mice showed a significant increase in DRP1 protein levels in the brain without changes in phosphorylation, while MFN2 and OPA1 protein levels were unchanged. Our results suggest that exercise training in old mice can improve brain mitochondrial function through effects on electron transport chain function and mitochondrial dynamics without increasing mitochondrial biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M Gusdon
- Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, United States; Department of Neurology, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, United States
| | - Jason Callio
- Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, United States
| | - Giovanna Distefano
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, United States; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Robert M O'Doherty
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Bret H Goodpaster
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, United States; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Paul M Coen
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, United States; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, United States.
| | - Charleen T Chu
- Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, United States.
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73
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Sallmyr A, Matsumoto Y, Roginskaya V, Van Houten B, Tomkinson AE. Inhibiting Mitochondrial DNA Ligase IIIα Activates Caspase 1-Dependent Apoptosis in Cancer Cells. Cancer Res 2016; 76:5431-41. [PMID: 27503931 PMCID: PMC5036517 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-3243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Elevated levels of DNA ligase IIIα (LigIIIα) have been identified as a biomarker of an alteration in DNA repair in cancer cells that confers hypersensitivity to a LigIIIα inhibitor, L67, in combination with a poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor. Because LigIIIα functions in the nucleus and mitochondria, we examined the effect of L67 on these organelles. Here, we show that, although the DNA ligase inhibitor selectively targets mitochondria, cancer and nonmalignant cells respond differently to disruption of mitochondrial DNA metabolism. Inhibition of mitochondrial LigIIIα in cancer cells resulted in abnormal mitochondrial morphology, reduced levels of mitochondrial DNA, and increased levels of mitochondrially generated reactive oxygen species that caused nuclear DNA damage. In contrast, these effects did not occur in nonmalignant cells. Furthermore, inhibition of mitochondrial LigIIIα activated a caspase 1-dependent apoptotic pathway, which is known to be part of inflammatory responses induced by pathogenic microorganisms in cancer, but not nonmalignant cells. These results demonstrate that the disruption of mitochondrial DNA metabolism elicits different responses in nonmalignant and cancer cells and suggests that the abnormal response in cancer cells may be exploited in the development of novel therapeutic strategies that selectively target cancer cells. Cancer Res; 76(18); 5431-41. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annahita Sallmyr
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, and University of New Mexico Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Yoshihiro Matsumoto
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, and University of New Mexico Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Vera Roginskaya
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and The University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Bennett Van Houten
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and The University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Alan E Tomkinson
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, and University of New Mexico Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
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74
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Li R, Liu Y, Chen N, Zhang Y, Song G, Zhang Z. Valproate Attenuates Nitroglycerin-Induced Trigeminovascular Activation by Preserving Mitochondrial Function in a Rat Model of Migraine. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:3229-37. [PMID: 27618395 PMCID: PMC5029177 DOI: 10.12659/msm.900185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Migraine is a chronic disease that interferes with life quality and work productivity. Valproate shows protective effects against migraine, yet the underlying mechanisms are unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the potential effect of valproate on migraine using a rat model of nitroglycerin-induced trigeminovascular activation, as well as to explore the underlying mechanism. Material/Methods Intraperitoneal injection of nitroglycerin was conducted to induce trigeminovascular activation in rats. To explore the protective effect of valproate, a low dose (100 mg/kg) or a high dose (200 mg/kg) of valproate was intraperitoneally injected into rats, and then the levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine and nitric oxide in the peripheral blood were examined. The mtDNA copy number and the protein levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α, mitochondrial transcription factor A, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ in the spinal trigeminal nucleus were detected to evaluate the biogenesis of mitochondria. The mitochondrial energy metabolism was determined by the mitochondrial membrane potential and the levels of adenosine triphosphate, cytochrome C oxidase, and reactive oxygen species. Results Valproate attenuated nitroglycerin-induced trigeminovascular activation in rats, with reduced scratching behavior and restored 5-hydroxytryptamine and nitric oxide levels. Moreover, the mitochondrial energy metabolism and the biogenesis of mitochondria were preserved by valproate in nitroglycerin-treated rats. Conclusions The protective effect of valproate against migraine may be achieved through the modulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and function. Our study provides evidence for the potential use of valproate in the treatment of migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruxian Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Yushuang Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Nan Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Yitong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Ge Song
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Zhongling Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (mainland)
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75
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He Z, Sun S, Waqas M, Zhang X, Qian F, Cheng C, Zhang M, Zhang S, Wang Y, Tang M, Li H, Chai R. Reduced TRMU expression increases the sensitivity of hair-cell-like HEI-OC-1 cells to neomycin damage in vitro. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29621. [PMID: 27405449 PMCID: PMC4942793 DOI: 10.1038/srep29621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aminoglycosides are ototoxic to the cochlear hair cells, and mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the major mechanisms behind ototoxic drug-induced hair cell death. TRMU (tRNA 5-methylaminomethyl-2-thiouridylate methyltransferase) is a mitochondrial protein that participates in mitochondrial tRNA modifications, but the role of TRMU in aminoglycoside-induced ototoxicity remains to be elucidated. In this study, we took advantage of the HEI-OC-1 cell line to investigate the role of TRMU in aminoglycoside-induced cell death. We found that TRMU is expressed in both hair cells and HEI-OC-1 cells, and its expression is significantly decreased after 24 h neomycin treatment. We then downregulated TRMU expression with siRNA and found that cell death and apoptosis were significantly increased after neomycin injury. Furthermore, when we down-regulated TRMU expression, we observed significantly increased mitochondrial dysfunction and increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) after neomycin injury, suggesting that TRMU regulates mitochondrial function and ROS levels. Lastly, the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine rescued the mitochondrial dysfunction and cell apoptosis that was induced by TRMU downregulation, suggesting that ROS accumulation contributed to the increased aminoglycosides sensitivity of HEI-OC-1 cells after TRMU downregulation. This study provides evidence that TRMU might be a new therapeutic target for the prevention of aminoglycoside-induced hair cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuhong He
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Shan Sun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hearing Research Institute, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Fuping Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Mingshu Zhang
- Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Shasha Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yongming Wang
- Institutes of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Mingliang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Huawei Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hearing Research Institute, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China.,Institutes of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Renjie Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
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76
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Alán L, Špaček T, Pajuelo Reguera D, Jabůrek M, Ježek P. Mitochondrial nucleoid clusters protect newly synthesized mtDNA during Doxorubicin- and Ethidium Bromide-induced mitochondrial stress. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 302:31-40. [PMID: 27102948 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is compacted in ribonucleoprotein complexes called nucleoids, which can divide or move within the mitochondrial network. Mitochondrial nucleoids are able to aggregate into clusters upon reaction with intercalators such as the mtDNA depletion agent Ethidium Bromide (EB) or anticancer drug Doxorobicin (DXR). However, the exact mechanism of nucleoid clusters formation remains unknown. Resolving these processes may help to elucidate the mechanisms of DXR-induced cardiotoxicity. Therefore, we addressed the role of two key nucleoid proteins; mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) and mitochondrial single-stranded binding protein (mtSSB); in the formation of mitochondrial nucleoid clusters during the action of intercalators. We found that both intercalators cause numerous aberrations due to perturbing their native status. By blocking mtDNA replication, both agents also prevented mtDNA association with TFAM, consequently causing nucleoid aggregation into large nucleoid clusters enriched with TFAM, co-existing with the normal nucleoid population. In the later stages of intercalation (>48h), TFAM levels were reduced to 25%. In contrast, mtSSB was released from mtDNA and freely distributed within the mitochondrial network. Nucleoid clusters mostly contained nucleoids with newly replicated mtDNA, however the nucleoid population which was not in replication mode remained outside the clusters. Moreover, the nucleoid clusters were enriched with p53, an anti-oncogenic gatekeeper. We suggest that mitochondrial nucleoid clustering is a mechanism for protecting nucleoids with newly replicated DNA against intercalators mediating genotoxic stress. These results provide new insight into the common mitochondrial response to mtDNA stress and can be implied also on DXR-induced mitochondrial cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukáš Alán
- Dept. 75, Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i, Czech Republic.
| | - Tomáš Špaček
- Dept. 75, Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i, Czech Republic
| | - David Pajuelo Reguera
- Dept. 75, Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Jabůrek
- Dept. 75, Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Ježek
- Dept. 75, Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i, Czech Republic
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77
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Zhang Y, Maurizi MR. Mitochondrial ClpP activity is required for cisplatin resistance in human cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1862:252-64. [PMID: 26675528 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In human cells ClpP and ClpX are imported into the mitochondrial matrix, where they interact to form the ATP-dependent protease ClpXP and play a role in the mitochondrial unfolded protein response. We find that reducing the levels of mitochondrial ClpP or ClpX renders human cancer cells more sensitive to cisplatin, a widely used anti-cancer drug. Conversely, overexpression of HClpP desensitizes cells to cisplatin. Overexpression of inactive HClpP-S97A had no effect. Cisplatin resistance correlated with decreased cellular accumulation of cisplatin and decreased levels of diguanosine-cisplatin adducts in both mitochondrial and genomic DNA. In contrast, higher levels of cisplatin-DNA adducts were found in cells in which HClpP had been depleted. Changes in the levels of ClpP had no effect on the levels of CTR1, a copper transporter that contributes to cisplatin uptake. However, the levels of ATP7A and ATP7B, copper efflux pumps that help eliminate cisplatin from cells, were increased when HClpP was overexpressed. HClpP levels were elevated in cervical carcinoma cells (KB-CP20) and hepatoma cells (BEL-7404-CP20) independently selected for cisplatin resistance. The data indicate that robust HClpXP activity positively affects the ability of cells to efflux cisplatin and suggest that targeting HClpP or HClpX would offer a novel mechanism for sensitizing cancer cells to cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Michael R Maurizi
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
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78
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McPherson NO, Bell VG, Zander-Fox DL, Fullston T, Wu LL, Robker RL, Lane M. When two obese parents are worse than one! Impacts on embryo and fetal development. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2015. [PMID: 26199280 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00230.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of overweight and obesity in reproductive-age adults is increasing worldwide. While the effects of either paternal or maternal obesity on gamete health and subsequent fertility and pregnancy have been reported independently, the combination of having both parents overweight/obese on fecundity and offspring health has received minimal attention. Using a 2 × 2 study design in rodents we established the relative contributions of paternal and maternal obesity on fetal and embryo development and whether combined paternal and maternal obesity had an additive effect. Here, we show that parental obesity reduces fetal and placental weights without altering pregnancy establishment and is not dependent on an in utero exposure to a high-fat diet. Interestingly combined parental obesity seemed to accumulate both the negative influences of paternal and maternal obesity had alone on embryo and fetal health rather than an amplification, manifested as reduced embryo developmental competency, reduced blastocyst cell numbers, impaired mitochondrial function, and alterations to active and repressive embryonic chromatin marks, resulting in aberrant placental gene expression and reduced fetal liver mtDNA copy numbers. Further understanding both the maternal cytoplasmic and paternal genetic interactions during this early developmental time frame will be vital for understanding how developmental programming is regulated and for the proposition of interventions to mitigate their effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- N O McPherson
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Freemasons Centre for Men's Health, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Repromed, Dulwich, South Australia, Australia; and
| | - V G Bell
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Freemasons Centre for Men's Health, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Repromed, Dulwich, South Australia, Australia; and
| | - D L Zander-Fox
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Repromed, Dulwich, South Australia, Australia; and
| | - T Fullston
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - L L Wu
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - R L Robker
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - M Lane
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Monash In Vitro Fertilisation Group, Richmond, Australia
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