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Niari SA, Rahbarghazi R, Geranmayeh MH, Karimipour M. Biomaterials patterning regulates neural stem cells fate and behavior: The interface of biology and material science. J Biomed Mater Res A 2021; 110:725-737. [PMID: 34751503 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The combination of nanotechnology and stem cell biology is one of the most promising advances in the field of regenerative medicine. This novel combination has widely been utilized in vitro settings in an attempt to develop efficient therapeutic strategies to overcome the limited capacity of the central nervous system (CNS) in replacing degenerating neural cells with functionally normal cells after the onset of acute and chronic neurological disorders. Importantly, biomaterials, not only, enhance the endogenous CNS neurogenesis and plasticity, but also, could provide a desirable supportive microenvironment to harness the full potential of the in vitro expanded neural stem cells (NSCs) for regenerative purposes. Here, first, we discuss how the physical and biochemical properties of biomaterials, such as their stiffness and elasticity, could influence the behavior of NSCs. Then, since the NSCs niche or microenvironment is of fundamental importance in controlling the dynamic destiny of NSCs such as their quiescent and proliferative states, topographical effects of surface diversity in biomaterials, that is, the micro-and nano-patterned surfaces will be discussed in detail. Finally, the influence of biomaterials as artificial microenvironments on the behavior of NSCs through the specific mechanotransduction signaling pathway mediated by focal adhesion formation will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Asghari Niari
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Geranmayeh
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Imam Reza Medical Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Karimipour
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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52
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Nandakumar S, Shahani P, Datta I, Pal R. Interventional Strategies for Parkinson Disease: Can Neural Precursor Cells Forge a Path Ahead? ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:3785-3794. [PMID: 34628850 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural precursor cells (NPCs), derived from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), with their unique ability to generate multiple neuronal and glial cell types are extremely useful for understanding biological mechanisms in normal and diseased states. However, generation of specific neuronal subtypes (mature) from NPCs in large numbers adequate for cell therapy is challenging due to lack of a thorough understanding of the cues that govern their differentiation. Interestingly, neural stem cells (NSCs) themselves are in consideration for therapy given their potency to form different neural cell types, release of trophic factors, and immunomodulatory effects that confer neuroprotection. With the recent COVID-19 outbreak and its accompanying neurological indications, the immunomodulatory role of NSCs may gain additional significance in the prevention of disease progression in vulnerable populations. In this regard, small-molecule mediated NPC generation from PSCs via NSC formation has become an important strategy that ensures consistency and robustness of the process. The development of the mammalian brain occurs along the rostro-caudal axis, and the establishment of anterior identity is an early event. Wnt signaling, along with fibroblast growth factor and retinoic acid, acts as a caudalization signal. Further, the increasing amount of epigenetic data available from human fetal brain development has enhanced both our understanding of and ability to experimentally manipulate these developmental regulatory programs in vitro. However, the impact on homing and engraftment after transplantation and subsequently on therapeutic efficacy of NPCs based on their derivation strategy is not yet clear. Another formidable challenge in cell replacement therapy for neurodegenerative disorders is the mode of delivery. In this Perspective, we discuss these core ideas with insights from our preliminary studies exploring the role of PSC-derived NPCs in rat models of MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease following intranasal injections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapna Nandakumar
- Eyestem Research, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Platforms (C-CAMP), Bengaluru 560065, Karnataka, India
| | - Pradnya Shahani
- Department of Biophysics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru 560029, Karnataka, India
| | - Indrani Datta
- Department of Biophysics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru 560029, Karnataka, India
| | - Rajarshi Pal
- Eyestem Research, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Platforms (C-CAMP), Bengaluru 560065, Karnataka, India
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53
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Talukdar S, Emdad L, Das SK, Fisher PB. GAP junctions: multifaceted regulators of neuronal differentiation. Tissue Barriers 2021; 10:1982349. [PMID: 34651545 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2021.1982349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gap junctions are intercellular membrane channels consisting of connexin proteins, which contribute to direct cytoplasmic exchange of small molecules, substrates and metabolites between adjacent cells. These channels play important roles in neuronal differentiation, maintenance, survival and function. Gap junctions regulate differentiation of neurons from embryonic, neural and induced pluripotent stem cells. In addition, they control transdifferentiation of neurons from mesenchymal stem cells. The expression and levels of several connexins correlate with cell cycle changes and different stages of neurogenesis. Connexins such as Cx36, Cx45, and Cx26, play a crucial role in neuronal function. Several connexin knockout mice display lethal or severely impaired phenotypes. Aberrations in connexin expression is frequently associated with various neurodegenerative disorders. Gap junctions also act as promising therapeutic targets for neuronal regenerative medicine, because of their role in neural stem cell integration, injury and remyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarmistha Talukdar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States.,Vcu Institute of Molecular Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Luni Emdad
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States.,Vcu Institute of Molecular Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States.,Vcu Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Swadesh K Das
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States.,Vcu Institute of Molecular Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States.,Vcu Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Paul B Fisher
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States.,Vcu Institute of Molecular Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States.,Vcu Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
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54
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Șelaru A, Costache M, Dinescu S. Epitranscriptomic signatures in stem cell differentiation to the neuronal lineage. RNA Biol 2021; 18:51-60. [PMID: 34582322 PMCID: PMC8677044 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2021.1985348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Considered to be a field that is continuously growing, epitranscriptomics analyzes the modifications that occur in RNA transcripts and their downstream effects. As epigenetic modifications found in DNA and histones exhibit specific roles on various biological processes, also epitranscriptomic marks control gene expression patterns that are crucial for proper cell proliferation, differentiation and tissue development. Thus, various epitranscriptomic signatures have been identified to play specific roles during stem cell differentiation towards the neuronal and glial lineages, axonal guidance, synaptic plasticity, thus leading to the development of the mature brain tissue. Here we describe in-depth molecular mechanism underlying the most important RNA modifications with emerging roles in the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Șelaru
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marieta Costache
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sorina Dinescu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
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Nehra M, Uthappa UT, Kumar V, Kumar R, Dixit C, Dilbaghi N, Mishra YK, Kumar S, Kaushik A. Nanobiotechnology-assisted therapies to manage brain cancer in personalized manner. J Control Release 2021; 338:224-243. [PMID: 34418523 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
There are numerous investigated factors that limit brain cancer treatment efficacy such as ability of prescribed therapy to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), tumor specific delivery of a therapeutics, transport within brain interstitium, and resistance of tumor cells against therapies. Recent breakthroughs in the field of nano-biotechnology associated with developing multifunctional nano-theranostic emerged as an effective way to manage brain cancer in terms of higher efficacy and least possible adverse effects. Keeping challenges and state-of-art accomplishments into consideration, this review proposes a comprehensive, careful, and critical discussion focused on efficient nano-enabled platforms including nanocarriers for drug delivery across the BBB and nano-assisted therapies (e.g., nano-immunotherapy, nano-stem cell therapy, and nano-gene therapy) investigated for brain cancer treatment. Besides therapeutic efficacy point-of-view, efforts are being made to explore ways projected to tune such developed nano-therapeutic for treating patients in personalized manner via controlling size, drug loading, delivery, and retention. Personalized brain tumor management based on advanced nano-therapies can potentially lead to excellent therapeutic benefits based on unique genetic signatures in patients and their individual disease profile. Moreover, applicability of nano-systems as stimulants to manage the brain cancer growth factors has also been discussed in photodynamic therapy and radiotherapy. Overall, this review offers a comprehensive information on emerging opportunities in nanotechnology for advancing the brain cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Nehra
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - U T Uthappa
- Department of Environment and Energy Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Bengaluru 562112, Karnataka, India
| | - Virendra Kumar
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Chandra Dixit
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Neeraj Dilbaghi
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India
| | - Yogendra Kumar Mishra
- Smart Materials, NanoSYD, Mads Clausen Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Alsion 2, 6400, Sønderborg, Denmark
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India.
| | - Ajeet Kaushik
- NanoBioTech Laboratory, Health Systems Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, FL 33805-8531, United States.
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56
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Zhao L, Liu JW, Shi HY, Ma YM. Neural stem cell therapy for brain disease. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:1278-1292. [PMID: 34630862 PMCID: PMC8474718 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i9.1278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain diseases, including brain tumors, neurodegenerative disorders, cerebrovascular diseases, and traumatic brain injuries, are among the major disorders influencing human health, currently with no effective therapy. Due to the low regeneration capacity of neurons, insufficient secretion of neurotrophic factors, and the aggravation of ischemia and hypoxia after nerve injury, irreversible loss of functional neurons and nerve tissue damage occurs. This damage is difficult to repair and regenerate the central nervous system after injury. Neural stem cells (NSCs) are pluripotent stem cells that only exist in the central nervous system. They have good self-renewal potential and ability to differentiate into neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes and improve the cellular microenvironment. NSC transplantation approaches have been made for various neurodegenerative disorders based on their regenerative potential. This review summarizes and discusses the characteristics of NSCs, and the advantages and effects of NSCs in the treatment of brain diseases and limitations of NSC transplantation that need to be addressed for the treatment of brain diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Zhao
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Jian-Wei Liu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Hui-Yan Shi
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Ya-Min Ma
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300381, China
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57
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Fernandez-Muñoz B, Garcia-Delgado AB, Arribas-Arribas B, Sanchez-Pernaute R. Human Neural Stem Cells for Cell-Based Medicinal Products. Cells 2021; 10:2377. [PMID: 34572024 PMCID: PMC8469920 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells represent an attractive tool for the development of regenerative therapies and are being tested in clinical trials for several neurological disorders. Human neural stem cells can be isolated from the central nervous system or can be derived in vitro from pluripotent stem cells. Embryonic sources are ethically controversial and other sources are less well characterized and/or inefficient. Recently, isolation of NSC from the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with spina bifida and with intracerebroventricular hemorrhage has been reported. Direct reprogramming may become another alternative if genetic and phenotypic stability of the reprogrammed cells is ensured. Here, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of available sources of neural stem cells for the production of cell-based therapies for clinical applications. We review available safety and efficacy clinical data and discuss scalability and quality control considerations for manufacturing clinical grade cell products for successful clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Fernandez-Muñoz
- Cellular Reprogramming and Production Unit, Andalusian Network for the Design and Translation of Advanced Therapies, 41092 Sevilla, Spain; (A.B.G.-D.); (B.A.-A.)
| | - Ana Belen Garcia-Delgado
- Cellular Reprogramming and Production Unit, Andalusian Network for the Design and Translation of Advanced Therapies, 41092 Sevilla, Spain; (A.B.G.-D.); (B.A.-A.)
| | - Blanca Arribas-Arribas
- Cellular Reprogramming and Production Unit, Andalusian Network for the Design and Translation of Advanced Therapies, 41092 Sevilla, Spain; (A.B.G.-D.); (B.A.-A.)
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Rosario Sanchez-Pernaute
- Cellular Reprogramming and Production Unit, Andalusian Network for the Design and Translation of Advanced Therapies, 41092 Sevilla, Spain; (A.B.G.-D.); (B.A.-A.)
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58
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Kim D, Park D, Kim TH, Chung JJ, Jung Y, Kim SH. Substance P/Heparin-Conjugated PLCL Mitigate Acute Gliosis on Neural Implants and Improve Neuronal Regeneration via Recruitment of Neural Stem Cells. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100107. [PMID: 34227258 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The inflammatory host tissue response, characterized by gliosis and neuronal death at the neural interface, limits signal transmission and longevity of the neural probe. Substance P induces an anti-inflammatory response and neuronal regeneration and recruits endogenous stem cells. Heparin prevents nonspecific protein adsorption, suppresses the inflammatory response, and is beneficial to neuronal behavior. Poly(l-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) (PLCL) is a soft and flexible polymer, and PLCL covalently conjugated with biomolecules has been widely used in tissue engineering. Coatings of heparin-conjugated PLCL (Hep-PLCL), substance P-conjugated PLCL (SP-PLCL), and heparin/substance P-conjugated PLCL (Hep/SP-PLCL) reduced the adhesion of astrocytes and fibroblasts and improved neuronal adhesion and neurite development compared to bare glass. The effects of these coatings are evaluated using immunohistochemistry analysis after implantation of coated stainless steel probes in rat brain for 1 week. In particular, Hep/SP-PLCL coating reduced the activation of microglia and astrocytes, the neuronal degeneration caused by inflammation, and indicated a potential for neuronal regeneration at the tissue-device interface. Suppression of the acute host tissue response by coating Hep/SP-PLCL could lead to improved functionality of the neural prosthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghak Kim
- KU‐KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology Korea University 145 Anam‐ro, Seongbuk‐gu Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
- Biomaterials Research Center Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) 5, Hwarang‐ro 14‐gil, Seongbuk‐gu Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
| | - DoYeun Park
- Biomaterials Research Center Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) 5, Hwarang‐ro 14‐gil, Seongbuk‐gu Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hee Kim
- Biomaterials Research Center Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) 5, Hwarang‐ro 14‐gil, Seongbuk‐gu Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
| | - Justin J. Chung
- Biomaterials Research Center Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) 5, Hwarang‐ro 14‐gil, Seongbuk‐gu Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmee Jung
- Biomaterials Research Center Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) 5, Hwarang‐ro 14‐gil, Seongbuk‐gu Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Hyun Kim
- KU‐KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology Korea University 145 Anam‐ro, Seongbuk‐gu Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea
- Biomaterials Research Center Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) 5, Hwarang‐ro 14‐gil, Seongbuk‐gu Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
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59
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Bahram Sangani N, Gomes AR, Curfs LMG, Reutelingsperger CP. The role of Extracellular Vesicles during CNS development. Prog Neurobiol 2021; 205:102124. [PMID: 34314775 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2021.102124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
With a diverse set of neuronal and glial cell populations, Central Nervous System (CNS) has one of the most complex structures in the body. Intercellular communication is therefore highly important to coordinate cell-to-cell interactions. Besides electrical and chemical messengers, CNS cells also benefit from another communication route, what is known as extracellular vesicles, to harmonize their interactions. Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) and their subtype exosomes are membranous particles secreted by cells and contain information packaged in the form of biomolecules such as small fragments of DNA, lipids, miRNAs, mRNAs, and proteins. They are able to efficiently drive changes upon their arrival to recipient cells. EVs actively participate in all stages of CNS development by stimulating neural cell proliferation, differentiation, synaptic formation, and mediating reciprocal interactions between neurons and oligodendrocyte for myelination process. The aim of the present review is to enlighten the presence and contribution of EVs at each CNS developmental milestone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Bahram Sangani
- Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands; GKC-Rett Expertise Centre, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Ana Rita Gomes
- Department of Bioengineering and IBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Medicina Molecular - João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Leopold M G Curfs
- GKC-Rett Expertise Centre, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Chris P Reutelingsperger
- Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands; GKC-Rett Expertise Centre, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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60
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Hong S, Lee SE, Kang I, Yang J, Kim H, Kim J, Kang KS. Induced neural stem cells from human patient-derived fibroblasts attenuate neurodegeneration in Niemann-Pick type C mice. J Vet Sci 2021; 22:e7. [PMID: 33522159 PMCID: PMC7850792 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2021.22.e7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC) is caused by the mutation of NPC genes, which leads to the abnormal accumulation of unesterified cholesterol and glycolipids in lysosomes. This autosomal recessive disease is characterized by liver dysfunction, hepatosplenomegaly, and progressive neurodegeneration. Recently, the application of induced neural stem cells (iNSCs), converted from fibroblasts using specific transcription factors, to repair degenerated lesions has been considered a novel therapy. Objectives The therapeutic effects on NPC by human iNSCs generated by our research group have not yet been studied in vivo; in this study, we investigate those effects. Methods We used an NPC mouse model to efficiently evaluate the therapeutic effect of iNSCs, because neurodegeneration progress is rapid in NPC. In addition, application of human iNSCs from NPC patient-derived fibroblasts in an NPC model in vivo can give insight into the clinical usefulness of iNSC treatment. The iNSCs, generated from NPC patient-derived fibroblasts using the SOX2 and HMGA2 reprogramming factors, were transplanted by intracerebral injection into NPC mice. Results Transplantation of iNSCs showed positive results in survival and body weight change in vivo. Additionally, iNSC-treated mice showed improved learning and memory in behavior test results. Furthermore, through magnetic resonance imaging and histopathological assessments, we observed delayed neurodegeneration in NPC mouse brains. Conclusions iNSCs converted from patient-derived fibroblasts can become another choice of treatment for neurodegenerative diseases such as NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saetbyul Hong
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Seung Eun Lee
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Insung Kang
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jehoon Yang
- Animal Research and Molecular Imaging Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Hunnyun Kim
- Animal Research and Molecular Imaging Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Jeyun Kim
- Animal Research and Molecular Imaging Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Kyung Sun Kang
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
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Smith JA, Nicaise AM, Ionescu RB, Hamel R, Peruzzotti-Jametti L, Pluchino S. Stem Cell Therapies for Progressive Multiple Sclerosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:696434. [PMID: 34307372 PMCID: PMC8299560 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.696434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system characterized by demyelination and axonal degeneration. MS patients typically present with a relapsing-remitting (RR) disease course, manifesting as sporadic attacks of neurological symptoms including ataxia, fatigue, and sensory impairment. While there are several effective disease-modifying therapies able to address the inflammatory relapses associated with RRMS, most patients will inevitably advance to a progressive disease course marked by a gradual and irreversible accrual of disabilities. Therapeutic intervention in progressive MS (PMS) suffers from a lack of well-characterized biological targets and, hence, a dearth of successful drugs. The few medications approved for the treatment of PMS are typically limited in their efficacy to active forms of the disease, have little impact on slowing degeneration, and fail to promote repair. In looking to address these unmet needs, the multifactorial therapeutic benefits of stem cell therapies are particularly compelling. Ostensibly providing neurotrophic support, immunomodulation and cell replacement, stem cell transplantation holds substantial promise in combatting the complex pathology of chronic neuroinflammation. Herein, we explore the current state of preclinical and clinical evidence supporting the use of stem cells in treating PMS and we discuss prospective hurdles impeding their translation into revolutionary regenerative medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayden A. Smith
- Cambridge Innovation Technologies Consulting (CITC) Limited, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra M. Nicaise
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Rosana-Bristena Ionescu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Regan Hamel
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Luca Peruzzotti-Jametti
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Stefano Pluchino
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Tang Y, Xie Z, Ma M, Duan K, Li Y, Ye J. LncRNA and mRNA Expression Profiles in Methylprednisolone Stimulated Neural Stem Cells. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:669224. [PMID: 34248482 PMCID: PMC8262496 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.669224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating neurological disorder that affects thousands of individuals each year. Previously, our study in non-human primates with SCI demonstrated that methylprednisolone (MP) resulted in the dysfunction of neural stem cells (NSCs), which may help to explain the controversial roles of MP in SCI. However, the detailed mechanism is still unclear. In this manuscript, we investigated the LncRNA and mRNA expression profiles of NSCs treated with MP. A total of 63 differentially expressed LncRNAs and 174 differentially expressed mRNAs were identified. Gene ontology (GO) analysis showed that differentially expressed mRNAs were highly associated with terms related to regulation of external stimulation, secretion, and migration. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis results indicated that the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway contributed to the functions of MP treated NSCs. Besides, 3899 co-expression pairs were constructed among the differentially expressed LncRNA and mRNA, among which five predicted target mRNAs with the differentially expressed LncRNAs were identified. These results provide greater insight into the precise mechanisms of MP mediating NSC dysfunction in SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongyu Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mengjun Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kaidi Duan
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxi Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jichao Ye
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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63
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Tejeda G, Ciciriello AJ, Dumont CM. Biomaterial Strategies to Bolster Neural Stem Cell-Mediated Repair of the Central Nervous System. Cells Tissues Organs 2021; 211:655-669. [PMID: 34120118 DOI: 10.1159/000515351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapies have the potential to not only repair, but to regenerate tissue of the central nervous system (CNS). Recent studies demonstrate that transplanted stem cells can differentiate into neurons and integrate with the intact circuitry after traumatic injury. Unfortunately, the positive findings described in rodent models have not been replicated in clinical trials, where the burden to maintain the cell viability necessary for tissue repair becomes more challenging. Low transplant survival remains the greatest barrier to stem cell-mediated repair of the CNS, often with fewer than 1-2% of the transplanted cells remaining after 1 week. Strategic transplantation parameters, such as injection location, cell concentration, and transplant timing achieve only modest improvements in stem cell transplant survival and appear inconsistent across studies. Biomaterials provide researchers with a means to significantly improve stem cell transplant survival through two mechanisms: (1) a vehicle to deliver and protect the stem cells and (2) a substrate to control the cytotoxic injury environment. These biomaterial strategies can alleviate cell death associated with delivery to the injury and can be used to limit cell death after transplantation by limiting cell exposure to cytotoxic signals. Moreover, it is likely that control of the injury environment with biomaterials will lead to a more reliable support for transplanted cell populations. This review will highlight the challenges associated with cell delivery in the CNS and the advances in biomaterial development and deployment for stem cell therapies necessary to bolster stem cell-mediated repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Tejeda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA.,Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute at the University of Miami (BioNIUM), University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Andrew J Ciciriello
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA.,Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute at the University of Miami (BioNIUM), University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Courtney M Dumont
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA.,Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute at the University of Miami (BioNIUM), University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
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64
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In Vivo Expression of Reprogramming Factor OCT4 Ameliorates Myelination Deficits and Induces Striatal Neuroprotection in Huntington's Disease. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12050712. [PMID: 34068799 PMCID: PMC8150572 DOI: 10.3390/genes12050712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
White matter atrophy has been shown to precede the massive loss of striatal GABAergic neurons in Huntington’s disease (HD). This study investigated the effects of in vivo expression of reprogramming factor octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4) on neural stem cell (NSC) niche activation in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and induction of cell fate specific to the microenvironment of HD. R6/2 mice randomly received adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9)-OCT4, AAV9-Null, or phosphate-buffered saline into both lateral ventricles at 4 weeks of age. The AAV9-OCT4 group displayed significantly improved behavioral performance compared to the control groups. Following AAV9-OCT4 treatment, the number of newly generated NSCs and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) significantly increased in the SVZ, and the expression of OPC-related genes and glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) significantly increased. Further, amelioration of myelination deficits in the corpus callosum was observed through electron microscopy and magnetic resonance imaging, and striatal DARPP32+ GABAergic neurons significantly increased in the AAV9-OCT4 group. These results suggest that in situ expression of the reprogramming factor OCT4 in the SVZ induces OPC proliferation, thereby attenuating myelination deficits. Particularly, GDNF released by OPCs seems to induce striatal neuroprotection in HD, which explains the behavioral improvement in R6/2 mice overexpressing OCT4.
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65
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Ghazali ZS, Eskandari M, Bonakdar S, Renaud P, Mashinchian O, Shalileh S, Bonini F, Uckay I, Preynat-Seauve O, Braschler T. Neural priming of adipose-derived stem cells by cell-imprinted substrates. Biofabrication 2021; 13. [PMID: 33126230 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/abc66f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cell-imprinting technology is a novel method for directing stem cell fate using substrates molded from target cells. Here, we fabricated and studied cell-imprinted substrates for neural priming in human adipose-derived stem cells in the absence of chemical cues. We molded polydimethylsiloxane silicone substrates on fixed differentiated neural progenitor cells (ReNcellTMVM). The ReNcellTMcell line consists of immortalized human neural progenitor cells that are capable to differentiate into neural cells. The fabricated cell-imprinted silicone substrates represent the geometrical micro- and nanotopology of the target cell morphology. During the molding procedure, no transfer of cellular proteins was detectable. In the first test with undifferentiated ReNcellTMVM cells, the cell-imprinted substrates could accelerate neural differentiation. With adipose-derived stem cells cultivated on the imprinted substrates, we observed modifications of cell morphology, shifting from spread to elongated shape. Both immunofluorescence and quantitative gene expression analysis showed upregulation of neural stem cell and early neuronal markers. Our study, for the first time, demonstrated the effectiveness of cell-imprinted substrates for neural priming of adipose-derived stem cells for regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Sadat Ghazali
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Eskandari
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahin Bonakdar
- National Cell Bank Department, Iran Pasteur Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Philippe Renaud
- STI-IMT-LMIS4, Station 17, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Omid Mashinchian
- Nestlé Research, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Innovation Park, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.,School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Shahriar Shalileh
- School of Electrical and computer engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fabien Bonini
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ilker Uckay
- Orthopedic Surgery Service, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Thomas Braschler
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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66
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Peall IW, Okolicsanyi RK, Griffiths LR, Haupt LM. Three-Dimensional Human Neural Stem Cell Models to Mimic Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans and the Neural Niche. Semin Thromb Hemost 2021; 47:308-315. [PMID: 33794554 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1724117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are a diverse family of polysaccharides, consisting of a core protein with glycosaminoglycan (GAG) side chains attached. The heterogeneous GAG side-chain carbohydrates consist of repeating disaccharides, with each side chain possessing a specific sulfation pattern. It is the variable sulfation pattern that allows HSPGs to interact with numerous ligands including growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, morphogens, extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoproteins, collagens, enzymes, and lipases. HSPGs are classified according to their localization within an individual cell, and include the membrane bound syndecans (SDCs) and glypicans (GPCs), with perlecan, agrin, and type-XVIII collagen secreted into the ECM. The stem cell niche is defined as the environment that circumscribes stem cells when they are in their naïve state, and includes the ECM, which provides a complex contribution to various biological processes during development and throughout life. These contributions include facilitating cell adhesion, proliferation, migration, differentiation, specification, and cell survival. In contrast, HSPGs play an anticoagulant role in thrombosis through being present on the luminal surface of cells, while also playing roles in the stimulation and inhibition of angiogenesis, highlighting their varied and systemic roles in cellular control. To fully understand the complexities of cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, three-dimensional (3D) models such as hydrogels offer researchers exciting opportunities, such as controllable 3D in vitro environments, that more readily mimic the in vivo/in situ microenvironment. This review examines our current knowledge of HSPGs in the stem cell niche, human stem cell models, and their role in the development of 3D models that mimic the in vivo neural ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian W Peall
- Genomics Research Centre, Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Group, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rachel K Okolicsanyi
- Genomics Research Centre, Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Group, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lyn R Griffiths
- Genomics Research Centre, Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Group, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Larisa M Haupt
- Genomics Research Centre, Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Group, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
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67
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Stem cell-based therapy treating glioblastoma multiforme. Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Ther 2021; 14:1-15. [PMID: 32971031 DOI: 10.1016/j.hemonc.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is one of the most malignant types of central nervous system tumours, classified as grade IV by the World Health Organization. Despite the therapeutic advances, the prognosis is ominous, with a median survival of about 12-15 months post diagnosis. Although therapeutic options available can increase the survival, they are ineffective in treating patients with GB. Impairing factors such as the blood-brain barrier, cancer stem cells, and infiltration into brain parenchyma lead to failure of current therapies. Therefore, clinicians need novel/alternative effective strategies to treat GB. Due to their ability to preserve healthy tissues and to provide an effective and long-lasting response, stem cells (SCs) with tropism for tumour cells have attracted considerable attention in the scientific community. As is the case here, SCs can be used to target brain tumour cancer cells, especially high-grade malignant gliomas like GB, by overcoming the resistance and exerting benefits for patients affected with such lethal disease. Herein, we will discuss the research knowledge regarding SC-based therapy for the treatment of GB, focalising our attention on SCs and SC-released extracellular vesicles modified to express/load different antitumour payloads, as well as on SCs exploited as a diagnostic tool. Advantages and unresolved issues of anticancer SC-based therapy will also be considered.
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68
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Radhakrishnan S, Martin CA, Dhayanithy G, Reddy MS, Rela M, Kalkura SN, Sellathamby S. Hypoxic Preconditioning Induces Neuronal Differentiation of Infrapatellar Fat Pad Stem Cells through Epigenetic Alteration. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:704-718. [PMID: 33508941 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is considered a key factor in cellular differentiation and proliferation, particularly during embryonic development; the process of early neurogenesis also occurs under hypoxic conditions. Apart from these developmental processes, hypoxia preconditioning or mild hypoxic sensitization develops resistance against ischemic stroke in deteriorating tissues. We therefore hypothesized that neurons resulting from hypoxia-regulated neuronal differentiation could be the best choice for treating brain ischemia, which contributes to neurodegeneration. In this study, infrapatellar fat pad (IFP), an adipose tissue present beneath the knee joint, was used as the stem cell source. IFP-derived stem cells (IFPSCs) are totally adherent and are mesenchymal stem cells. The transdifferentiation protocol involved hypoxia preconditioning, the use of hypoxic-conditioned medium, and maintenance in maturation medium with α-lipoic acid. The differentiated cells were characterized using microscopy, reverse transcription PCR, real time PCR, and immunocytochemistry. To evaluate the epigenetic reprogramming of IFPSCs to become neuron-like cells, methylation microarrays were performed. Hypoxia preconditioning stabilized and allowed for the translocation of hypoxia inducible factor 1α into the nucleus and induced achaete-scute homologue 1 and doublecortin expression. Following induction, the resultant cells expressed neuronal markers neuron-specific enolase, neurofilament-light chain, growth associated protein 43, synaptosome associated protein 25, and β-III tubulin. The differentiated neural-lineage cells had functional gene expression pertaining to neurotransmitters, their release, and their receptors. The molecular signaling mechanisms regulated developmental neurogenesis. Furthermore, the in vitro physiological condition regulated neurotransmitter respecification or switching during IFPSC differentiation to neurons. Thus, differentiated neurons were fabricated against the ischemic region to treat neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subathra Radhakrishnan
- National Foundation for Liver Research, Cell Laboratory, Dr. Rela Institute and Medical Centre, Chennai 600 044, India
- Department of Biomedical Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India
| | - Catherine Ann Martin
- National Foundation for Liver Research, Cell Laboratory, Dr. Rela Institute and Medical Centre, Chennai 600 044, India
- Crystal Growth Centre, Anna University, Chennai 600025, India
| | | | - Mettu Srinivas Reddy
- National Foundation for Liver Research, Cell Laboratory, Dr. Rela Institute and Medical Centre, Chennai 600 044, India
| | - Mohamed Rela
- National Foundation for Liver Research, Cell Laboratory, Dr. Rela Institute and Medical Centre, Chennai 600 044, India
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69
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Jaberi R, Mirsadeghi S, Kiani S. In vitro characterization of subventricular zone isolated neural stem cells, from adult monkey and rat brain. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:1311-1321. [PMID: 33566222 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06201-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) are multipotent, self-renewable cells who are capable of differentiating into neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. NSCs reside at the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the adult brain permanently to guarantee a lifelong neurogenesis during neural network plasticity or undesirable injuries. Although the specious inaccessibility of adult NSCs niche hampers their in vivo identification, researchers have been seeking ways to optimize adult NSCs isolation, expansion, and differentiation, in vitro. NSCs were isolated from rhesus monkey SVZ, expanded in vitro and then characterized for NSCs-specific markers expression by immunostaining, real-time PCR, flow cytometry, and cell differentiation assessments. Moreover, cell survival as well as self-renewal capacity were evaluated by TUNEL, Live/Dead and colony assays, respectively. In the next step, to validate SVZ-NSCs identity in other species, a similar protocol was applied to isolate NSCs from adult rat's SVZ as well. Our findings revealed that isolated SVZ-NSCs from both monkey and rat preserve proliferation capacity in at least nine passages as confirmed by Ki67 expression. Additionally, both SVZ-NSCs sources are capable of self-renewal in addition to NESTIN, SOX2, and GFAP expression. The mortality was measured meager with over 95% viability according to TUNEL and Live/Dead assay results. Eventually, the multipotency of SVZ-NSCs appraised authentic after their differentiation into neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. In this study, we proposed a reliable method for SVZ-NSCs in vitro maintenance and identification, which, we believe is a promising cell source for therapeutic approach to recover neurological disorders and injuries condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razieh Jaberi
- Department of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, ROYAN Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Cell Science Research Center, ROYAN Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Mirsadeghi
- Department of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, ROYAN Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Cell Science Research Center, ROYAN Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Kiani
- Department of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, ROYAN Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Cell Science Research Center, ROYAN Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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70
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Therapeutic potential of stem cells for preterm infant brain damage: Can we move from the heterogeneity of preclinical and clinical studies to established therapeutics? Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 186:114461. [PMID: 33571501 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Acquired perinatal brain injuries are a set of conditions that remains a key challenge for neonatologists and that have significant social, emotional and financial implications for our communities. In our perspective article, we will introduce perinatal brain injury focusing specifically on the events leading to brain damage in preterm born infants and outcomes for these infants. Then we will summarize and discuss the preclinical and clinical studies testing the efficacy of stem cells as neuroprotectants in the last ten years in perinatal brain injury. There are no therapies to treat brain damage in preterm born infants and a primary finding from this review is that there is a scarcity of stem cell trials focused on overcoming brain injuries in these infants. Overall, across all forms of perinatal brain injury there is a remarkable heterogeneity in previous and on-going preclinical and clinical studies in terms of the stem cell type, animal models/patient selection, route and time of administration. Despite the quality of many of the studies this variation makes it difficult to reach a valid consensus for future developments. However, it is clear that stem cells (and stem cell derived exosomes) can reduce perinatal brain injury and our field needs to work collectively to refine an effective protocol for each type of injury. The use of standardized stem cell products and testing these products across multiple models of injury will provide a stronger framework for clinical trials development.
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71
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Kim JH, Ko IK, Jeon MJ, Kim I, Vanschaayk MM, Atala A, Yoo JJ. Pelvic floor muscle function recovery using biofabricated tissue constructs with neuromuscular junctions. Acta Biomater 2021; 121:237-249. [PMID: 33321220 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Damages in pelvic floor muscles often cause dysfunction of the entire pelvic urogenital system, which is clinically challenging. A bioengineered skeletal muscle construct that mimics structural and functional characteristics of native skeletal muscle could provide a therapeutic option to restore normal muscle function. However, most of the current bioengineered muscle constructs are unable to provide timely innervation necessary for successful grafting and functional recovery. We previously have demonstrated that post-synaptic acetylcholine receptors (AChR) clusters can be pre-formed on cultured skeletal muscle myofibers with agrin treatment and suggested that implantation of AChR clusters containing myofibers could accelerate innervation and recovery of muscle function. In this study, we develop a 3-dimensional (3D) bioprinted human skeletal muscle construct, consisting of multi-layers bundles with aligned and AChR clusters pre-formed human myofibers, and investigate the effect of pre-formed AChR clusters in bioprinted skeletal muscle constructs and innervation efficiency in vivo. Agrin treatment successfully pre-formed functional AChR clusters on the bioprinted muscle constructs in vitro that increased neuromuscular junction (NMJ) formation in vivo in a transposed nerve implantation model in rats. In a rat model of pelvic floor muscle injury, implantation of skeletal muscle constructs containing the pre-formed AChR clusters resulted in functional muscle reconstruction with accelerated construct innervation. This approach may provide a therapeutic solution to the many challenges associated with pelvic floor reconstruction resulting from the lack of suitable bioengineered tissue for efficient innervation and muscle function restoration.
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72
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Banerjee A, Jain SM, S Abrar S, Kumar MM, Mathew C, Pathak S. Sources, isolation strategies and therapeutic outcome of exosomes at a glance. Regen Med 2021; 15:2361-2378. [PMID: 33471558 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2020-0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have attracted great attention due to their known role in facilitating intercellular communication in a diverse range of cellular processes. In the 30 years since the discovery of exosomes, a class of EV, they have gone from being considered a cellular waste disposal mechanism to an important aspect of cell-to-cell communication. The exponential interest in exosomes in recent years is due to their key role in health and disease and their potential clinical application in therapy and diagnosis. This review aims to provide an updated picture of the sources, isolation methods, therapeutic outcomes and current application of EVs, in particular exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antara Banerjee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research & Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital & Research Institute (CHRI), Chennai 603103, India
| | - Samatha M Jain
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research & Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital & Research Institute (CHRI), Chennai 603103, India
| | - Syed S Abrar
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research & Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital & Research Institute (CHRI), Chennai 603103, India
| | - Makalakshmi M Kumar
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research & Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital & Research Institute (CHRI), Chennai 603103, India
| | - Christina Mathew
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research & Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital & Research Institute (CHRI), Chennai 603103, India
| | - Surajit Pathak
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research & Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital & Research Institute (CHRI), Chennai 603103, India
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Abstract
Traumatic injuries are a leading cause of death and disability in both military and civilian populations. Given the complexity and diversity of traumatic injuries, novel and individualized treatment strategies are required to optimize outcomes. Cellular therapies have potential benefit for the treatment of acute or chronic injuries, and various cell-based pharmaceuticals are currently being tested in preclinical studies or in clinical trials. Cellular therapeutics may have the ability to complement existing therapies, especially in restoring organ function lost due to tissue disruption, prolonged hypoxia or inflammatory damage. In this article we highlight the current status and discuss future directions of cellular therapies for the treatment of traumatic injury. Both published research and ongoing clinical trials are discussed here.
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74
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Meyfour A, Pahlavan S, Mirzaei M, Krijgsveld J, Baharvand H, Salekdeh GH. The quest of cell surface markers for stem cell therapy. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:469-495. [PMID: 32710154 PMCID: PMC11073434 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03602-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells and their derivatives are novel pharmaceutics that have the potential for use as tissue replacement therapies. However, the heterogeneous characteristics of stem cell cultures have hindered their biomedical applications. In theory and practice, when cell type-specific or stage-specific cell surface proteins are targeted by unique antibodies, they become highly efficient in detecting and isolating specific cell populations. There is a growing demand to identify reliable and actionable cell surface markers that facilitate purification of particular cell types at specific developmental stages for use in research and clinical applications. The identification of these markers as very important members of plasma membrane proteins, ion channels, transporters, and signaling molecules has directly benefited from proteomics and tools for proteomics-derived data analyses. Here, we review the methodologies that have played a role in the discovery of cell surface markers and introduce cutting edge single cell proteomics as an advanced tool. We also discuss currently available specific cell surface markers for stem cells and their lineages, with emphasis on the nervous system, heart, pancreas, and liver. The remaining gaps that pertain to the discovery of these markers and how single cell proteomics and identification of surface markers associated with the progenitor stages of certain terminally differentiated cells may pave the way for their use in regenerative medicine are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Meyfour
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Pahlavan
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mirzaei
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jeroen Krijgsveld
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, Heidelberg, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 672, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghasem Hosseini Salekdeh
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Banihashem St, P.O. Box: 16635-148, 1665659911, Tehran, Iran.
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75
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He L, Chen Z, Peng L, Tang B, Jiang H. Human stem cell models of polyglutamine diseases: Sources for disease models and cell therapy. Exp Neurol 2020; 337:113573. [PMID: 33347831 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases are a group of neurodegenerative disorders involving expanded CAG repeats in pathogenic genes that are translated into extended polyQ tracts and lead to progressive neuronal degeneration in the affected brain. To date, there is no effective therapy for these diseases. Due to the complex pathologic mechanisms of these diseases, intensive research on the pathogenesis of their progression and potential treatment strategies is being conducted. However, animal models cannot recapitulate all aspects of neuronal degeneration. Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), such as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and embryonic stem cells (ESCs), can be used to study the pathological mechanisms of polyQ diseases, and the ability of autologous stem cell transplantation to treat these diseases. Differentiated PSCs, neuronal precursor cells/neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are valuable resources for preclinical and clinical cell transplantation therapies. Here, we discuss diverse stem cell models and their ability to generate neurons involved in polyQ diseases, such as medium spiny neurons (MSNs), cortical neurons, cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs) and motor neurons. In addition, we discuss potential therapeutic approaches, including stem cell replacement therapy and gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang He
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhao Chen
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Linliu Peng
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Beisha Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Transplantation of Wnt5a-modified NSCs promotes tissue repair and locomotor functional recovery after spinal cord injury. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:2020-2033. [PMID: 33311637 PMCID: PMC8080632 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-00536-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional therapeutic strategies for spinal cord injury (SCI) are insufficient to repair locomotor function because of the failure of axonal reconnection and neuronal regeneration in the injured central nervous system (CNS). Neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation has been considered a potential strategy and is generally feasible for repairing the neural circuit after SCI; however, the most formidable problem is that the neuronal differentiation rate of NSCs is quite limited. Therefore, it is essential to induce the neuronal differentiation of NSCs and improve the differentiation rate of NSCs in spinal cord repair. Our results demonstrate that both Wnt5a and miRNA200b-3p could promote NSC differentiation into neurons and that Wnt5a upregulated miRNA200b-3p expression through MAPK/JNK signaling to promote NSC differentiation into neurons. Wnt5a could reduce RhoA expression by upregulating miRNA200b-3p expression to inhibit activation of the RhoA/Rock signaling pathway, which has been reported to suppress neuronal differentiation. Overexpression of RhoA abolished the neurogenic capacity of Wnt5a and miRNA200b-3p. In vivo, miRNA200b-3p was critical for Wnt5a-induced NSC differentiation into neurons to promote motor functional and histological recovery after SCI by suppressing RhoA/Rock signaling. These findings provide more insight into SCI and help with the identification of novel treatment strategies. Incorporating key molecules into neural stem cells enhances their ability to differentiate correctly and promote repair following spinal cord injury. Spinal cord injuries can have a debilitating effect on patients’ lives, yet there are no therapies that fully restore movement and sensation. Therapies based on neural stem cells (NSCs) show promise, but initial studies show many NSCs differentiate into astrocytes, supportive cells that do not conduct nerve impulses, instead of neurons, leading to treatment failure. Yong Wan and Le Wang at Sun Yat-sen University in Guangzhou, China, and co-workers demonstrated that adding a protein called Wnt5a and a specific microRNA molecule to NSCs significantly increases differentiation into neurons. Wnt5a suppresses a signalling pathway that otherwise interferes with NSC differentiation. Experiments on rat models showed that the therapy improved locomotor function and tissue repair after injury.
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The Impact of Advanced Glycation End-Products (AGEs) on Proliferation and Apoptosis of Primary Stem Cells: A Systematic Review. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:8886612. [PMID: 33281904 PMCID: PMC7685833 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8886612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell-based regenerative therapies hold great promises to treat a wide spectrum of diseases. However, stem cell engraftment and survival are still challenging due to an unfavorable transplantation environment. Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) can contribute to the generation of these harmful conditions. AGEs are a heterogeneous group of glycated products, nonenzymatically formed when proteins and/or lipids become glycated and oxidized. Our typical Western diet as well as cigarettes contain high AGEs content. AGEs are also endogenously formed in our body and accumulate with senescence and in pathological situations. Whether AGEs have an impact on stem cell viability in regenerative medicine remains unclear, and research on the effect of AGEs on stem cell proliferation and apoptosis is still ongoing. Therefore, this systematic review provides a clear overview of the effects of glycated proteins on cell viability in various types of primary isolated stem cells used in regenerative medicine.
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78
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Abdullah MAA, Amini N, Yang L, Paluh JL, Wang J. Multiplexed analysis of neural cytokine signaling by a novel neural cell-cell interaction microchip. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:3980-3995. [PMID: 32945325 PMCID: PMC7606659 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00401d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Multipotent neural stem cells (NSCs) are widely applied in pre-clinical and clinical trials as a cell source to promote tissue regeneration in neurodegenerative diseases. Frequently delivered as dissociated cells, aggregates or self-organized rosettes, it is unknown whether disruption of the NSC rosette morphology or method of formation affect signaling profiles of these cells that may impact uniformity of outcomes in cell therapies. Here we generate a neural cell-cell interaction microchip (NCCIM) as an in vitro platform to simultaneously track an informed panel of cytokines and co-evaluate cell morphology and biomarker expression coupled to a sandwich ELISA platform. We apply multiplex in situ tagging technology (MIST) to evaluate ten cytokines (PDGF-AA, GDNF, BDNF, IGF-1, FGF-2, IL-6, BMP-4, CNTF, β-NGF, NT-3) on microchips for EB-derived rosettes, single cell dissociated rosettes and reformed rosette neurospheres. Of the cytokines evaluated, EB-derived rosettes secrete PDGF-AA, GDNF and FGF-2 prominently, whereas this profile is temporarily lost upon dissociation to single cells and in reformed neurospheres two additional cytokines, BDNF and β-NGF, are also secreted. This study on NSC rosettes demonstrates the development, versatility and utility of the NCCIM as a sensitive multiplex detector of cytokine signaling in a high throughput and controlled microenvironment. The NCCIM is expected to provide important new information to refine cell source choices in therapies as well as to support development of informative 2D or 3D in vitro models including areas of neurodegeneration or neuroplasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A. A. Abdullah
- Multiplex Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY 12222
| | - Nooshin Amini
- Nanobioscience, State University of New York Polytechnic Institute, Albany, NY 12203
| | - Liwei Yang
- Multiplex Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - Janet L. Paluh
- Nanobioscience, State University of New York Polytechnic Institute, Albany, NY 12203
- Corresponding authors. ;
| | - Jun Wang
- Multiplex Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
- Corresponding authors. ;
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79
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Khan AA, Huat TJ, Al Mutery A, El-Serafi AT, Kacem HH, Abdallah SH, Reza MF, Abdullah JM, Jaafar H. Significant transcriptomic changes are associated with differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells into neural progenitor-like cells in the presence of bFGF and EGF. Cell Biosci 2020; 10:126. [PMID: 33133516 PMCID: PMC7594431 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-020-00487-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from bone marrow have different developmental origins, including neural crest. MSCs can differentiate into neural progenitor-like cells (NPCs) under the influence of bFGF and EGF. NPCs can terminally differentiate into neurons that express beta-III-tubulin and elicit action potential. The main aim of the study was to identify key genetic markers involved in differentiation of MSCs into NPCs through transcriptomic analysis. METHOD Total RNA was isolated from MSCs and MSCs-derived NPCs followed by cDNA library construction for transcriptomic analysis. Sample libraries that passed the quality and quantity assessments were subjected to high throughput mRNA sequencing using NextSeq®500. Differential gene expression analysis was performed using the DESeq2 R package with MSC samples being a reference group. The expression of eight differentially regulated genes was counter validated using real-time PCR. RESULTS In total, of the 3,252 differentially regulated genes between MSCs and NPCs with two or more folds, 1,771 were upregulated genes, whereas 1,481 were downregulated in NPCs. Amongst these differential genes, 104 transcription factors were upregulated, and 45 were downregulated in NPCs. Neurogenesis related genes were upregulated in NPCs and the main non-redundant gene ontology (GO) terms enriched in NPCs were the autonomic nervous system, cell surface receptor signalling pathways), extracellular structure organisation, and programmed cell death. The main non-redundant GO terms enriched in MSCs included cytoskeleton organisation cytoskeleton structural constituent, mitotic cell cycle), and the mitotic cell cycle process Gene set enrichment analysis also confirmed cell cycle regulated pathways as well as Biocarta integrin pathway were upregulated in MSCs. Transcription factors enrichment analysis by ChEA3 revealed Foxs1 and HEYL, amongst the top five transcription factors, inhibits and enhances, respectively, the NPCs differentiation of MSCs. CONCLUSIONS The vast differences in the transcriptomic profiles between NPCs and MSCs revealed a set of markers that can identify the differentiation stage of NPCs as well as provide new targets to enhance MSCs differentiation into NPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Ali Khan
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Emirate of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Research Institute of Science and Engineering, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Emirate of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tee Jong Huat
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543 Singapore
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Jalan Raja Perempuan Zainab II, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan Malaysia
| | - Abdullah Al Mutery
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Emirate of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmed Taher El-Serafi
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Linköping University, P.O. Box 581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Hassen Hadj Kacem
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Emirate of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Research Institute of Science and Engineering, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Emirate of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sallam Hasan Abdallah
- Research Institute of Science and Engineering, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Emirate of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Muhammed Faruque Reza
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Jalan Raja Perempuan Zainab II, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan Malaysia
| | - Jafri Malin Abdullah
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Jalan Raja Perempuan Zainab II, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan Malaysia
- Brain and Behavior Cluster, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Jalan Raja Perempuan Zainab II, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan Malaysia
| | - Hasnan Jaafar
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Jalan Raja Perempuan Zainab II, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan Malaysia
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80
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Cai Y, Liu W, Lian L, Xu Y, Bai X, Xu S, Zhang J. Stroke treatment: Is exosome therapy superior to stem cell therapy? Biochimie 2020; 179:190-204. [PMID: 33010339 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is one of the most common causes of disability and death, and currently, ideal clinical treatment is lacking. Stem cell transplantation is a widely-used treatment approach for stroke. When compared with other types of stem cells, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have been widely studied because of their many advantages. The paracrine effect is the primary mechanism for stem cells to play their role, and exosomes play an essential role in the paracrine effect. When compared with cell therapy, cell-free exosome therapy can prevent many risks and difficulties, and therefore, represents a promising and novel approach for treatment. In this study, we reviewed the research progress in the application of BMSCs-derived exosomes (BMSCs-exos) and BMSCs in the treatment of stroke. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of cell therapy and cell-free exosome therapy were described, and the possible factors that hinder the introduction of these two treatments into the clinic were analyzed. Furthermore, we reviewed the current optimization methods of cell therapy and cell-free exosome therapy. Taken together, we hypothesize that cell-free exosome therapy will have excellent research prospects in the future, and therefore, it is worth further exploring. There are still some issues that need to be further addressed. For example, differences between the in vivo microenvironment and in vitro culture conditions will affect the paracrine effect of stem cells. Most importantly, we believe that more preclinical and clinical design studies are required to compare the efficacy of stem cells and exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Cai
- Medical Experiment Center, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin, 300193, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Wanying Liu
- Medical Experiment Center, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin, 300193, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Lu Lian
- Medical Experiment Center, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin, 300193, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Yingzhi Xu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (BUCM), Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodan Bai
- Medical Experiment Center, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin, 300193, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Shixin Xu
- Medical Experiment Center, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin, 300193, China.
| | - Junping Zhang
- Medical Experiment Center, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin, 300193, China.
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81
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Zhang S, Lachance BB, Moiz B, Jia X. Optimizing Stem Cell Therapy after Ischemic Brain Injury. J Stroke 2020; 22:286-305. [PMID: 33053945 PMCID: PMC7568970 DOI: 10.5853/jos.2019.03048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells have been used for regenerative and therapeutic purposes in a variety of diseases. In ischemic brain injury, preclinical studies have been promising, but have failed to translate results to clinical trials. We aimed to explore the application of stem cells after ischemic brain injury by focusing on topics such as delivery routes, regeneration efficacy, adverse effects, and in vivo potential optimization. PUBMED and Web of Science were searched for the latest studies examining stem cell therapy applications in ischemic brain injury, particularly after stroke or cardiac arrest, with a focus on studies addressing delivery optimization, stem cell type comparison, or translational aspects. Other studies providing further understanding or potential contributions to ischemic brain injury treatment were also included. Multiple stem cell types have been investigated in ischemic brain injury treatment, with a strong literature base in the treatment of stroke. Studies have suggested that stem cell administration after ischemic brain injury exerts paracrine effects via growth factor release, blood-brain barrier integrity protection, and allows for exosome release for ischemic injury mitigation. To date, limited studies have investigated these therapeutic mechanisms in the setting of cardiac arrest or therapeutic hypothermia. Several delivery modalities are available, each with limitations regarding invasiveness and safety outcomes. Intranasal delivery presents a potentially improved mechanism, and hypoxic conditioning offers a potential stem cell therapy optimization strategy for ischemic brain injury. The use of stem cells to treat ischemic brain injury in clinical trials is in its early phase; however, increasing preclinical evidence suggests that stem cells can contribute to the down-regulation of inflammatory phenotypes and regeneration following injury. The safety and the tolerability profile of stem cells have been confirmed, and their potent therapeutic effects make them powerful therapeutic agents for ischemic brain injury patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brittany Bolduc Lachance
- Program in Trauma, Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bilal Moiz
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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82
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Yoon Y, Kim HS, Hong CP, Li E, Jeon I, Park HJ, Lee N, Pei Z, Song J. Neural Transplants From Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Rescue the Pathology and Behavioral Defects in a Rodent Model of Huntington's Disease. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:558204. [PMID: 33071737 PMCID: PMC7530284 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.558204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington’s disease (HD) is a devastating, autosomal-dominant inheritance disorder with the progressive loss of medium spiny neurons (MSNs) and corticostriatal connections in the brain. Cell replacement therapy has been proposed as a potential therapeutic strategy to treat HD. Among various types of stem cells, human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have received special attention to develop disease modeling and cell therapy for HD. In the present study, the therapeutic effects of neural precursor cells (NPCs) derived from a human iPSC line (1231A3-NPCs) were investigated in the quinolinic acid (QA)-lesioned rat model of HD. 1231A3-NPCs were transplanted into the ipsilateral striatum 1 week after QA lesioning, and the transplanted animals showed significant behavioral improvements for up to 12 weeks based on the staircase, rotarod, stepping, apomorphine-induced rotation, and cylinder tests. Transplanted 1231A3-NPCs also partially replaced the lost neurons, enhanced endogenous neurogenesis, reduced inflammatory responses, and reconstituted the damaged neuronal connections. Taken together, these results strongly indicate that NPCs derived from iPSCs can potentially be useful to treat HD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongwoo Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA Stem Cell Institute, CHA University, Seongnam-si, South Korea
| | - Hyun Sook Kim
- Department of Neurology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si, South Korea
| | | | - Endan Li
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA Stem Cell Institute, CHA University, Seongnam-si, South Korea
| | - Iksoo Jeon
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA Stem Cell Institute, CHA University, Seongnam-si, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA Stem Cell Institute, CHA University, Seongnam-si, South Korea
| | - Nayeon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA Stem Cell Institute, CHA University, Seongnam-si, South Korea
| | - Zhong Pei
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jihwan Song
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA Stem Cell Institute, CHA University, Seongnam-si, South Korea.,iPS Bio, Inc., Seongnam-si, South Korea
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83
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Luciani M, Gritti A, Meneghini V. Human iPSC-Based Models for the Development of Therapeutics Targeting Neurodegenerative Lysosomal Storage Diseases. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:224. [PMID: 33062642 PMCID: PMC7530250 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) are a group of rare genetic conditions. The absence or deficiency of lysosomal proteins leads to excessive storage of undigested materials and drives secondary pathological mechanisms including autophagy, calcium homeostasis, ER stress, and mitochondrial abnormalities. A large number of LSDs display mild to severe central nervous system (CNS) involvement. Animal disease models and post-mortem tissues partially recapitulate the disease or represent the final stage of CNS pathology, respectively. In the last decades, human models based on induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have been extensively applied to investigate LSD pathology in several tissues and organs, including the CNS. Neural stem/progenitor cells (NSCs) derived from patient-specific hiPSCs (hiPS-NSCs) are a promising tool to define the effects of the pathological storage on neurodevelopment, survival and function of neurons and glial cells in neurodegenerative LSDs. Additionally, the development of novel 2D co-culture systems and 3D hiPSC-based models is fostering the investigation of neuron-glia functional and dysfunctional interactions, also contributing to define the role of neurodevelopment and neuroinflammation in the onset and progression of the disease, with important implications in terms of timing and efficacy of treatments. Here, we discuss the advantages and limits of the application of hiPS-NSC-based models in the study and treatment of CNS pathology in different LSDs. Additionally, we review the state-of-the-art and the prospective applications of NSC-based therapy, highlighting the potential exploitation of hiPS-NSCs for gene and cell therapy approaches in the treatment of neurodegenerative LSDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Luciani
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Gritti
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Vasco Meneghini
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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84
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Deng Z, Wei Y, Yao Y, Gao S, Wang X. Let-7f promotes the differentiation of neural stem cells in rats. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:5752-5761. [PMID: 33042454 PMCID: PMC7540113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) is the major recognized perinatal cause of neurological morbidity in full-term new borns. Neural stem cells (NSCs) have been extensively studied because of their clinical applications in treating neuro degenerative diseases and brain injuries, including HIBD, while microRNAs (miRNAs) are deemed critical regulators of the proliferation and differentiation of NSCs. However, the role of let-7f in NSC differentiation remains unknown. Our study aims to investigate the role of let-7f in the differentiation of NSCs and brain development in rats and hence to explore the therapeutic potential of let-7f in the treatment of HIBD. The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was applied to assess the expressions of let-7f, and western blot was performed to detect GFAP, Tuj1 and Nestin in rat brains at postnatal day 1, 8 and 14 (n=12 per time point). The NSCs isolated from the brains of rat fetuses at gestational day 15 were transduced with lenti virus expressing let-7f or let-7f inhibitor so as to observe altered expressions of let-7f, GFAP, Tuj1 and Nestin. A gradually-increasing expression of let-7f was detected by qRT-PCR in rat brain tissues during postnatal brain development. Increased levels of GFAP and Tuj1, while a decreased level of Nestin, were detected by western blot in let-7f-overexpressing NSCs. In contrast, the cells expressing the let-7f inhibitor exhibited lower levels of GFAP and Tuj1, while a higher level of Nestin, compared with control cells. Therefore, let-7f is involved in brain development and promotes the differentiation of NSCs in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhan Deng
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha 410008, Hunan, China
- Department of Sports Medicine, Department of Sports Medicine, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science CenterShenzhen 518035, Guangdong, China
| | - Yujia Wei
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha 410008, Hunan, China
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of South China UniversityHengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Yue Yao
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Shanshan Gao
- Department of Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAurora 800045, CO, USA
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha 410008, Hunan, China
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85
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Kim J, Lee Y, Lee S, Kim K, Song M, Lee J. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy and Alzheimer's Disease: Current Status and Future Perspectives. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 77:1-14. [PMID: 32741816 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common progressive neurodegenerative disease worldwide, but its cause remains unclear. Although a few drugs can provide temporary and partial relief of symptoms in some patients, no curative treatment is available. Therefore, attention has been focused on research using stem cells to treat AD. Among stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been used to treat the related pathologies in animal models of AD, and other neurodegenerative disease. This review describes latest research trends on the use of MSC-based therapies in AD and its action of mechanism. MSCs have several beneficial effects. They would be specified as the reduction of neuroinflammation, the elimination of amyloid-β, neurofibrillary tangles, and abnormal protein degradation, the promotion of autophagy-associated and blood-brain barrier recoveries, the upregulation of acetylcholine levels, improved cognition, and the recovery of mitochondrial transport. Therefore, this review describes the latest research trends in MSC-based therapy for AD by demonstrating the importance of MSC-based therapy and understanding of its mechanisms in AD and discusses the limitations and perspectives of stem cell therapy in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujeong Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Cognitive Science Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seulah Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kipom Kim
- Brain Research Core Facilities, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjung Song
- Metabolic Research Laboratories and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jaewon Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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86
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Fernández‐Muñoz B, Rosell‐Valle C, Ferrari D, Alba‐Amador J, Montiel MÁ, Campos‐Cuerva R, Lopez‐Navas L, Muñoz‐Escalona M, Martín‐López M, Profico DC, Blanco MF, Giorgetti A, González‐Muñoz E, Márquez‐Rivas J, Sanchez‐Pernaute R. Retrieval of germinal zone neural stem cells from the cerebrospinal fluid of premature infants with intraventricular hemorrhage. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 9:1085-1101. [PMID: 32475061 PMCID: PMC7445027 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.19-0323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraventricular hemorrhage is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in premature infants. The rupture of the germinal zone into the ventricles entails loss of neural stem cells and disturbs the normal cytoarchitecture of the region, compromising late neurogliogenesis. Here we demonstrate that neural stem cells can be easily and robustly isolated from the hemorrhagic cerebrospinal fluid obtained during therapeutic neuroendoscopic lavage in preterm infants with severe intraventricular hemorrhage. Our analyses demonstrate that these neural stem cells, although similar to human fetal cell lines, display distinctive hallmarks related to their regional and developmental origin in the germinal zone of the ventral forebrain, the ganglionic eminences that give rise to interneurons and oligodendrocytes. These cells can be expanded, cryopreserved, and differentiated in vitro and in vivo in the brain of nude mice and show no sign of tumoral transformation 6 months after transplantation. This novel class of neural stem cells poses no ethical concerns, as the fluid is usually discarded, and could be useful for the development of an autologous therapy for preterm infants, aiming to restore late neurogliogenesis and attenuate neurocognitive deficits. Furthermore, these cells represent a valuable tool for the study of the final stages of human brain development and germinal zone biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Fernández‐Muñoz
- Unidad de Producción y Reprogramación Celular (UPRC)Red Andaluza para el diseño y traslación de Terapias AvanzadasSevillaSpain
- Grupo de Neurociencia aplicadaInstituto de Biomedicina de SevillaSevillaSpain
| | - Cristina Rosell‐Valle
- Unidad de Producción y Reprogramación Celular (UPRC)Red Andaluza para el diseño y traslación de Terapias AvanzadasSevillaSpain
| | - Daniela Ferrari
- Department of Biotechnology and BiosciencesUniversity Milan‐BicoccaMilanItaly
| | - Julia Alba‐Amador
- Unidad de Producción y Reprogramación Celular (UPRC)Red Andaluza para el diseño y traslación de Terapias AvanzadasSevillaSpain
| | - Miguel Ángel Montiel
- Unidad de Producción y Reprogramación Celular (UPRC)Red Andaluza para el diseño y traslación de Terapias AvanzadasSevillaSpain
| | - Rafael Campos‐Cuerva
- Unidad de Producción y Reprogramación Celular (UPRC)Red Andaluza para el diseño y traslación de Terapias AvanzadasSevillaSpain
- Centro de TransfusionesTejidos y Células de Sevilla (CTTS)SevillaSpain
| | - Luis Lopez‐Navas
- Departamento de PreclínicaRed Andaluza de Diseño y Traslación de Terapias AvanzadasSevillaSpain
| | - María Muñoz‐Escalona
- Unidad de Producción y Reprogramación Celular (UPRC)Red Andaluza para el diseño y traslación de Terapias AvanzadasSevillaSpain
- Present address:
Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO)GranadaSpain
| | - María Martín‐López
- Unidad de Producción y Reprogramación Celular (UPRC)Red Andaluza para el diseño y traslación de Terapias AvanzadasSevillaSpain
- Grupo de Neurociencia aplicadaInstituto de Biomedicina de SevillaSevillaSpain
| | - Daniela Celeste Profico
- Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della SofferenzaProduction Unit of Advanced Therapies (UPTA)San Giovanni RotondoItaly
| | - Manuel Francisco Blanco
- Unidad de Producción y Reprogramación Celular (UPRC)Red Andaluza para el diseño y traslación de Terapias AvanzadasSevillaSpain
| | - Alessandra Giorgetti
- Regenerative Medicine ProgramBellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL); Program for Translation of Regenerative Medicine in Catalonia (P‐CMRC)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Elena González‐Muñoz
- Department of Cell BiologyGenetics and Physiology, University of MálagaMálagaSpain
- Department of Regenerative NanomedicineAndalusian Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology‐BIONANDMálagaSpain
- Networking Research Center on BioengineeringBiomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER‐BBN). Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII)Spain
| | - Javier Márquez‐Rivas
- Grupo de Neurociencia aplicadaInstituto de Biomedicina de SevillaSevillaSpain
- Neurosurgery DepartmentHospital Virgen del RocíoSevillaSpain
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87
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Application of antibody phage display to identify potential antigenic neural precursor cell proteins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 27:14. [PMID: 32775305 PMCID: PMC7398072 DOI: 10.1186/s40709-020-00123-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background The discovery of neural precursor cells (NPCs) and the concomitant intensive research in the field offer regenerative medicine novel approaches, enabling it to tackle conditions, such as neurodegenerative diseases. Transplantation of NPCs is nowadays considered a cutting-edge treatment for these conditions and many related clinical trials have been already completed or are still ongoing. However, little is known about the antigenicity of NPCs, with most studies addressing the question whether their antigenicity could lead to rejection of the transplanted cells. Results In this study we investigated the antigenic potential of syngeneic NPCs emulsion, upon subcutaneous (s.c.) administration to wild type C57BL/6 mice, following a standard immunization protocol. The whole IgG repertoire expressed upon immunization was cloned into a Fab phage display vector. From the created phage display library, Fab expressing clones interacting with NPCs lysate proteins were selected with the biopanning technique. The IgG Fab fragment from clone 65 proved to be reactive against antigens originating from NPCs lysates and/or whole brain lysate in diverse immunological assays. Conclusions Using a standard immunization protocol to administer NPCs antigens, and applying the Fab fragment phage display technique, we were able to isolate at least a monoclonal IgG Fab fragment, which interacts with different mouse brain proteins. It is not clear whether such antibodies are produced in the host organisms, following NPCs transplantation.
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88
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Navarro Negredo P, Yeo RW, Brunet A. Aging and Rejuvenation of Neural Stem Cells and Their Niches. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 27:202-223. [PMID: 32726579 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Aging has a profound and devastating effect on the brain. Old age is accompanied by declining cognitive function and enhanced risk of brain diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. A key question is whether cells with regenerative potential contribute to brain health and even brain "rejuvenation." This review discusses mechanisms that regulate neural stem cells (NSCs) during aging, focusing on the effect of metabolism, genetic regulation, and the surrounding niche. We also explore emerging rejuvenating strategies for old NSCs. Finally, we consider how new technologies may help harness NSCs' potential to restore healthy brain function during physiological and pathological aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robin W Yeo
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Anne Brunet
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Glenn Laboratories for the Biology of Aging, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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89
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Qin Y, Musket A, Kou J, Preiszner J, Tschida BR, Qin A, Land CA, Staal B, Kang L, Tanner K, Jiang Y, Schweitzer JB, Largaespada DA, Xie Q. Overexpression of HGF/MET axis along with p53 inhibition induces de novo glioma formation in mice. Neurooncol Adv 2020; 2:vdaa067. [PMID: 32642717 PMCID: PMC7332240 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdaa067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aberrant MET receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) activation leads to invasive tumor growth in different types of cancer. Overexpression of MET and its ligand hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) occurs more frequently in glioblastoma (GBM) than in low-grade gliomas. Although we have shown previously that HGF-autocrine activation predicts sensitivity to MET tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in GBM, whether it initiates tumorigenesis remains elusive. Methods Using a well-established Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon strategy, we injected human HGF and MET cDNA together with a short hairpin siRNA against Trp53 (SB-hHgf.Met.ShP53) into the lateral ventricle of neonatal mice to induce spontaneous glioma initiation and characterized the tumors with H&E and immunohistochemistry analysis. Glioma sphere cells also were isolated for measuring the sensitivity to specific MET TKIs. Results Mixed injection of SB-hHgf.Met.ShP53 plasmids induced de novo glioma formation with invasive tumor growth accompanied by HGF and MET overexpression. While glioma stem cells (GSCs) are considered as the tumor-initiating cells in GBM, both SB-hHgf.Met.ShP53 tumor sections and glioma spheres harvested from these tumors expressed GSC markers nestin, GFAP, and Sox 2. Moreover, specific MET TKIs significantly inhibited tumor spheres' proliferation and MET/MAPK/AKT signaling. Conclusions Overexpression of the HGF/MET axis along with p53 attenuation may transform neural stem cells into GSCs, resulting in GBM formation in mice. These tumors are primarily driven by the MET RTK pathway activation and are sensitive to MET TKIs. The SB-hHgf.Met.ShP53 spontaneous mouse glioma model provides a useful tool for studying GBM tumor biology and MET-targeting therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Qin
- Department of Biomedical Science, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Anna Musket
- Department of Biomedical Science, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jianqun Kou
- Department of Biomedical Science, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Johanna Preiszner
- Department of Pathology, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Barbara R Tschida
- Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Anna Qin
- Department of Biomedical Science, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Craig A Land
- Department of Biomedical Science, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ben Staal
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Liang Kang
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Kirk Tanner
- National Brain Tumor Society, Newton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yong Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - John B Schweitzer
- Department of Pathology, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - David A Largaespada
- Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Qian Xie
- Department of Biomedical Science, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
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90
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Bartlett RD, Burley S, Ip M, Phillips JB, Choi D. Cell Therapies for Spinal Cord Injury: Trends and Challenges of Current Clinical Trials. Neurosurgery 2020; 87:E456-E472. [DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyaa149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Cell therapies have the potential to revolutionize the treatment of spinal cord injury. Basic research has progressed significantly in recent years, with a plethora of cell types now reaching early-phase human clinical trials, offering new strategies to repair the spinal cord. However, despite initial enthusiasm for preclinical and early-phase clinical trials, there has been a notable hiatus in the translation of cell therapies to routine clinical practice. Here, we review cell therapies that have reached clinical trials for spinal cord injury, providing a snapshot of all registered human trials and a summary of all published studies. Of registered trials, the majority have used autologous cells and approximately a third have been government funded, a third industry sponsored, and a third funded by university or healthcare systems. A total of 37 cell therapy trials have been published, primarily using stem cells, although a smaller number have used Schwann cells or olfactory ensheathing cells. Significant challenges remain for cell therapy trials in this area, including achieving stringent regulatory standards, ensuring appropriately powered efficacy trials, and establishing sustainable long-term funding. However, cell therapies hold great promise for human spinal cord repair and future trials must continue to capitalize on the exciting developments emerging from preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard D Bartlett
- Centre for Nerve Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Burley
- Centre for Nerve Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mina Ip
- Centre for Nerve Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - James B Phillips
- Centre for Nerve Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Choi
- Centre for Nerve Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Victor Horsley Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom
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91
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Microelectrode arrays for monitoring neural activity in neural stem cells with modulation by glutamate in vitro. NANOTECHNOLOGY AND PRECISION ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.npe.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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92
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Promises and Limitations of Neural Stem Cell Therapies for Progressive Multiple Sclerosis. Trends Mol Med 2020; 26:898-912. [PMID: 32448751 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Multiple disease-modifying medications with regulatory approval to treat multiple sclerosis (MS) are unable to prevent inflammatory tissue damage in the central nervous system (CNS), and none directly promote repair. Thus, there is an unmet clinical need for therapies that can arrest and reverse the persistent accumulation of disabilities associated with progressive forms of MS (P-MS). Preclinical research has revealed an unexpected ability of neural stem cell (NSC) therapies to provide neurotrophic support and inhibit detrimental host immune responses in vivo following transplantation into the chronically inflamed CNS. We discuss NSC transplantation as a promising therapy for P-MS, elaborate on the necessities of clinical trial validation and formalized usage guidelines, and caution about unscrupulous 'clinics' marketing unproven therapies to patients.
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93
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De Gioia R, Biella F, Citterio G, Rizzo F, Abati E, Nizzardo M, Bresolin N, Comi GP, Corti S. Neural Stem Cell Transplantation for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3103. [PMID: 32354178 PMCID: PMC7247151 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are disabling and fatal neurological disorders that currently lack effective treatment. Neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation has been studied as a potential therapeutic approach and appears to exert a beneficial effect against neurodegeneration via different mechanisms, such as the production of neurotrophic factors, decreased neuroinflammation, enhanced neuronal plasticity and cell replacement. Thus, NSC transplantation may represent an effective therapeutic strategy. To exploit NSCs' potential, some of their essential biological characteristics must be thoroughly investigated, including the specific markers for NSC subpopulations, to allow profiling and selection. Another key feature is their secretome, which is responsible for the regulation of intercellular communication, neuroprotection, and immunomodulation. In addition, NSCs must properly migrate into the central nervous system (CNS) and integrate into host neuronal circuits, enhancing neuroplasticity. Understanding and modulating these aspects can allow us to further exploit the therapeutic potential of NSCs. Recent progress in gene editing and cellular engineering techniques has opened up the possibility of modifying NSCs to express select candidate molecules to further enhance their therapeutic effects. This review summarizes current knowledge regarding these aspects, promoting the development of stem cell therapies that could be applied safely and effectively in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta De Gioia
- Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurology Unit, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Biella
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Gaia Citterio
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Rizzo
- Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurology Unit, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Abati
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Nizzardo
- Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurology Unit, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Nereo Bresolin
- Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurology Unit, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo Pietro Comi
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neuromuscular and Rare Diseases Unit, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Corti
- Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurology Unit, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
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94
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Kruminis-Kaszkiel E, Osowski A, Bejer-Oleńska E, Dziekoński M, Wojtkiewicz J. Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Wharton's Jelly Towards Neural Stem Cells Using A Feasible and Repeatable Protocol. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030739. [PMID: 32192154 PMCID: PMC7140706 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The transplantation of neural stem cells (NSCs) capable of regenerating to the cells of the central nervous system (CNS) is a promising strategy in the treatment of CNS diseases and injury. As previous studies have highlighted mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a source of NSCs, this study aimed to develop a feasible, efficient, and reproducible method for the neural induction of MSCs isolated from Wharton's jelly (hWJ-MSCs). We induced neural differentiation in a monolayer culture using epidermal growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, N2, and B27 supplements. This resulted in a homogenous population of proliferating cells that expressed certain neural markers at both the protein and mRNA levels. Flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry confirmed the expression of neural markers: nestin, sex-determining region Y (SRY) box 1 and 2 (SOX1 and SOX2), microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). The qRT-PCR analysis revealed significantly enhanced expression of nestin and MAP2 in differentiated cells. This study confirms that it is possible to generate NSCs-like cells from hWJ-MSCs in a 2D culture using a practical method. However, the therapeutic effectiveness of such differentiated cells should be extended to confirm the terminal differentiation ability and electrophysiological properties of neurons derived from them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Kruminis-Kaszkiel
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland; (A.O.); (E.B.-O.); (J.W.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Adam Osowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland; (A.O.); (E.B.-O.); (J.W.)
| | - Ewa Bejer-Oleńska
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland; (A.O.); (E.B.-O.); (J.W.)
| | - Mariusz Dziekoński
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Joanna Wojtkiewicz
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland; (A.O.); (E.B.-O.); (J.W.)
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95
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Reprogramming of Fibroblasts to Neural Stem Cells by a Chemical Cocktail. Methods Mol Biol 2020. [PMID: 31960385 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0301-7_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Chemically induced cell fate conversion, including reprogramming to pluripotent stem cells and direct reprogramming to somatic cells, has been proved to be an alternative strategy with many advantages, in comparison with conventional transcription factors- or microRNAs-enabled cell reprogramming. Many functional and desirable cells have been generated via the chemically induced reprogramming. Neural stem cells (NSCs) hold great potential in basic research and clinical application. Here, we describe a detailed protocol for converting mouse fibroblasts into NSCs by a cocktail of chemical compounds.
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96
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Derakhshankhah H, Sajadimajd S, Jafari S, Izadi Z, Sarvari S, Sharifi M, Falahati M, Moakedi F, Muganda WCA, Müller M, Raoufi M, Presley JF. Novel therapeutic strategies for Alzheimer's disease: Implications from cell-based therapy and nanotherapy. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 24:102149. [PMID: 31927133 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2020.102149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease which leads to progressive dysfunction of cognition, memory and learning in elderly people. Common therapeutic agents are not only inadequate to suppress the progression of AD pathogenesis but also produce deleterious side effects; hence, development of alternative therapies is required to specifically suppress complications of AD. The current review provides a commentary on conventional as well as novel therapeutic approaches with an emphasis on stem cell and nano-based therapies for improvement and management of AD pathogenesis. According to our overview of the current literature, AD is a multi-factorial disorder with various pathogenic trajectories; hence, a multifunctional strategy to create effective neuroprotective agents is required to treat this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Derakhshankhah
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Soraya Sajadimajd
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Samira Jafari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Zhila Izadi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Sajad Sarvari
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Sharifi
- Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advance Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Falahati
- Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advance Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Moakedi
- Health Science Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, USA
| | | | - Mareike Müller
- Physical Chemistry I and Research Center of Micro and Nanochemistry (Cμ), University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | - Mohammad Raoufi
- Physical Chemistry I and Research Center of Micro and Nanochemistry (Cμ), University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany; Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - John F Presley
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
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97
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Farrag M, Abri S, Leipzig ND. pH-dependent RNA isolation from cells encapsulated in chitosan-based biomaterials. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 146:422-430. [PMID: 31904458 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan has emerged as a useful biomaterial employed in tissue engineering and drug delivery applications due to its tunable and interesting properties. However, chitosan is protonated at biological pH and thus carries positive charges, which renders chitosan incompatible with conventional methods of RNA extraction. RNA extraction is an important step in investigating cell responses and behavior through studying their gene expression transcriptional profiles. While some researchers have tried different techniques to improve the yield and purity of RNA extracted from cells encapsulated in chitosan-based biomaterials, no single study has investigated the effects of manipulating pH of the homogenate during RNA extraction on the yield and quality of total RNA. This study confirms the release and binding of RNA from chitosan to be pH dependent while analyzing the impact of pH changes during the tissue disruption and homogenization step of extraction on the resulting yield and quality of isolated RNA. This concept was applied to three commonly used methods of RNA extraction, using adult neural stem/progenitor cells (aNSPCs) encapsulated within methacrylamide chitosan (MAC) as a model chitosan-based bioscaffold. High pH conditions resulted in high yields with good quality using both TRIzol and CTAB. pH of the homogenate did not affect RNeasy spin columns, which worked best in neutral conditions with good quality, however, the overall yield was low. Results in total show that pH affected RNA interaction with a chitosan-based bioscaffold, and thus altered the concentration, purity, and integrity of isolated RNA, dependent on the method used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Farrag
- Integrated Bioscience Program, the University of Akron, Akron, OH, USA.
| | - Shahrzad Abri
- Department of Chemical, Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering, the University of Akron, Akron, OH, USA
| | - Nic D Leipzig
- Integrated Bioscience Program, the University of Akron, Akron, OH, USA; Department of Chemical, Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering, the University of Akron, Akron, OH, USA.
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Murphy AR, Haynes JM, Laslett AL, Cameron NR, O'Brien CM. Three-dimensional differentiation of human pluripotent stem cell-derived neural precursor cells using tailored porous polymer scaffolds. Acta Biomater 2020; 101:102-116. [PMID: 31610339 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the utility of a tailored poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate-crosslinked porous polymeric tissue engineering scaffold, with mechanical properties specifically optimised to be comparable to that of mammalian brain tissue for 3D human neural cell culture. Results obtained here demonstrate the attachment, proliferation and terminal differentiation of both human induced pluripotent stem cell- and embryonic stem cell-derived neural precursor cells (hPSC-NPCs) throughout the interconnected porous network within laminin-coated scaffolds. Phenotypic data and functional analyses are presented demonstrating that this material supports terminal in vitro neural differentiation of hPSC-NPCs to a mixed population of viable neuronal and glial cells for periods of up to 49 days. This is evidenced by the upregulation of TUBB3, MAP2, SYP and GFAP gene expression, as well as the presence of the proteins βIII-TUBULIN, NEUN, MAP2 and GFAP. Functional maturity of neural cells following 49 days 3D differentiation culture was tested via measurement of intracellular calcium. These analyses revealed spontaneously active, synchronous and rhythmic calcium flux, as well as response to the neurotransmitter glutamate. This tailored construct has potential application as an improved in vitro human neurogenesis model with utility in platform drug discovery programs. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The interconnected porosity of polyHIPE scaffolds exhibits the ability to support three-dimensional neural cell network formation due to limited resistance to cellular migration and re-organisation. The previously developed scaffold material displays mechanical properties similar to that of the mammalian brain. This research also employs the utility of pluripotent stem cell-derived neural cells which are of greater clinical relevance than primary neural cell lines. This scaffold material has future potential in better mimicking three-dimensional neural networks found in the human brain and may result in improved in vitro models for disease modelling and drug screening applications.
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Electric Phenomenon: A Disregarded Tool in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. Trends Biotechnol 2020; 38:24-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Peng C, Lu L, Li Y, Hu J. Neurospheres Induced from Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells as a New Source of Neural Progenitor Cells. Cell Transplant 2019; 28:66S-75S. [PMID: 31813268 PMCID: PMC7016463 DOI: 10.1177/0963689719888619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human adipose-derived stem cells are used in regenerative medicine for treating various diseases including osteoarthritis, degenerative arthritis, cartilage or tendon injury, etc. However, their use in neurological disorders is limited, probably due to the lack of a quick and efficient induction method of transforming these cells into neural stem or progenitor cells. In this study, we reported a highly efficient and simple method to induce adipose-derived stem cells into neural progenitor cells within 12 hours, using serum-free culture combined with a well-defined induction medium (epidermal growth factor 20 ng/ml and basic fibroblast growth factor, both at 20 ng/ml, with N2 and B27 supplements). These adipose-derived stem cell-derived neural progenitor cells grow as neurospheres, can self-renew to form secondary neurospheres, and can be induced to become neurons and glial cells. Real-time polymerase chain reaction showed significantly upregulated expression of neurogenic genes Sox2 and Nestin with a moderate increase in stemness gene expression. Raybio human growth factor analysis showed a significantly upregulated expression of multiple neurogenic and angiogenic cytokines such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic growth factor, nerve growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor etc. Therefore, adipose-derived stem cell-derived neurospheres can be a new source of neural progenitor cells and hold great potential for future cell replacement therapy for treatment of various refractory neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyang Peng
- Emergency Internal Medicine Department, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Stem Cell Center, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Li Lu
- Stem Cell Center, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yajiao Li
- Stem Cell Center, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Department of Oncology, Xiangfan Central Hospital, Xiangfan, Hubei, China
| | - Jingqiong Hu
- Stem Cell Center, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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