51
|
Neely J, Rychkov D, Paranjpe M, Waterfield M, Kim S, Sirota M. Gene Expression Meta-Analysis Reveals Concordance in Gene Activation, Pathway, and Cell-Type Enrichment in Dermatomyositis Target Tissues. ACR Open Rheumatol 2019; 1:657-666. [PMID: 31872188 PMCID: PMC6917332 DOI: 10.1002/acr2.11081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective We conducted a comprehensive gene expression meta‐analysis in dermatomyositis (DM) muscle and skin tissues to identify shared disease‐relevant genes and pathways across tissues. Methods Six publicly available data sets from DM muscle and two from skin were identified. Meta‐analysis was performed by first processing data sets individually then cross‐study normalization and merging creating tissue‐specific gene expression matrices for subsequent analysis. Complementary single‐gene and network analyses using Significance Analysis of Microarrays (SAM) and Weighted Gene Co‐expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) were conducted to identify genes significantly associated with DM. Cell‐type enrichment was performed using xCell. Results There were 544 differentially expressed genes (FC ≥ 1.3, q < 0.05) in muscle and 300 in skin. There were 94 shared upregulated genes across tissues enriched in type I and II interferon (IFN) signaling and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I antigen‐processing pathways. In a network analysis, we identified eight significant gene modules in muscle and seven in skin. The most highly correlated modules were enriched in pathways consistent with the single‐gene analysis. Additional pathways uncovered by WGCNA included T‐cell activation and T‐cell receptor signaling. In the cell‐type enrichment analysis, both tissues were highly enriched in activated dendritic cells and M1 macrophages. Conclusion There is striking similarity in gene expression across DM target tissues with enrichment of type I and II IFN pathways, MHC class I antigen‐processing, T‐cell activation, and antigen‐presenting cells. These results suggest IFN‐γ may contribute to the global IFN signature in DM, and altered auto‐antigen presentation through the class I MHC pathway may be important in disease pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Neely
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Dmitry Rychkov
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Manish Paranjpe
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco
| | | | - Susan Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Marina Sirota
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Brohawn PZ, Streicher K, Higgs BW, Morehouse C, Liu H, Illei G, Ranade K. Type I interferon gene signature test–low and –high patients with systemic lupus erythematosus have distinct gene expression signatures. Lupus 2019; 28:1524-1533. [DOI: 10.1177/0961203319885447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Type I interferon (IFN) is implicated in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) pathogenesis. We aimed to identify type I IFN signaling-dependent and -independent molecular pathways in a large population of patients with SLE. Methods Baseline blood samples from adult patients with moderate to severe SLE from two Phase IIb studies (NCT01438489, n = 265; NCT01283139, n = 416) were profiled using whole transcriptome array analyses. Type I IFN gene signature (IFNGS) test status (high or low) was determined using a validated qualitative polymerase chain reaction–based test. IFN-type-specific signatures were developed by stimulating healthy blood with IFN-β, IFN-γ, IFN-λ, IFN-ω, or pooled IFN-α. These, and multiple literature-derived cell type and cytokine pathway signatures, were evaluated in individual and pooled study populations. A Fisher’s exact test was used for associations, adjusted for false discovery rate. Results Whole blood samples from IFNGS test–high patients were enriched versus IFNGS test–low patients for CD40L signaling ( Q < 0.001), CXC cytokine ( Q < 0.001), TLR8-mediated monocyte activation ( Q < 0.001), IgG ( Q < 0.001), major histocompatibility complex class I ( Q < 0.001), and plasma cell ( Q < 0.001) gene expression signatures. IFNGS test–low patients had significant enrichment of eosinophil ( Q < 0.001), IFN-γ-specific ( Q = 0.005), and T-cell or B-cell ( Q < 0.001) signatures. Similar enrichment profiles were demonstrated in patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome, systemic sclerosis, and dermatomyositis. Conclusions IFNGS test–high patients overexpressed many gene signatures associated with SLE pathogenesis compared with IFNGS test–low patients, reflecting broad immune activation. These results provide new insights into the molecular heterogeneity underlying SLE pathogenesis, highlighting shared mechanisms beyond type I IFN, across several autoimmune diseases. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01438489 and NCT01283139.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- PZ Brohawn
- AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | | | - B W Higgs
- AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | | | - H Liu
- AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - G Illei
- AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - K Ranade
- AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Pinal-Fernandez I, Casal-Dominguez M, Derfoul A, Pak K, Plotz P, Miller FW, Milisenda JC, Grau-Junyent JM, Selva-O'Callaghan A, Paik J, Albayda J, Christopher-Stine L, Lloyd TE, Corse AM, Mammen AL. Identification of distinctive interferon gene signatures in different types of myositis. Neurology 2019; 93:e1193-e1204. [PMID: 31434690 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000008128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Activation of the type 1 interferon (IFN1) pathway is a prominent feature of dermatomyositis (DM) muscle and may play a role in the pathogenesis of this disease. However, the relevance of the IFN1 pathway in patients with other types of myositis such as the antisynthetase syndrome (AS), immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM), and inclusion body myositis (IBM) is largely unknown. Moreover, the activation of the type 2 interferon (IFN2) pathway has not been comprehensively explored in myositis. In this cross-sectional study, our objective was to determine whether IFN1 and IFN2 pathways are differentially activated in different types of myositis by performing RNA sequencing on muscle biopsy samples from 119 patients with DM, IMNM, AS, or IBM and on 20 normal muscle biopsies. METHODS The expression of IFN1- and IFN2-inducible genes was compared between the different groups. RESULTS The expression of IFN1-inducible genes was high in DM, moderate in AS, and low in IMNM and IBM. In contrast, the expression of IFN2-inducible genes was high in DM, IBM, and AS but low in IMNM. The expression of IFN-inducible genes correlated with the expression of genes associated with inflammation and muscle regeneration. Of note, ISG15 expression levels alone performed as well as composite scores relying on multiple genes to monitor activation of the IFN1 pathway in myositis muscle biopsies. CONCLUSIONS IFN1 and IFN2 pathways are differentially activated in different forms of myositis. This observation may have therapeutic implications because immunosuppressive medications may preferentially target each of these pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iago Pinal-Fernandez
- From the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (I.P.-F, M.C.-D, A.D., K.P., P.P., F.W.M., A.L.M.), NIH, Bethesda; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (I.P.-F., M.C.-D., J.P., J.A., L.C.-S., T.E.L., A.M.C., A.L.M.), Baltimore, MD; Clinic Hospital and the University of Barcelona (J.C.M., J.M.G.-J.); Vall d'Hebron Hospital and Autonomous University of Barcelona (A.S.-O.); and Faculty of Health Sciences (I.P.-F.), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Maria Casal-Dominguez
- From the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (I.P.-F, M.C.-D, A.D., K.P., P.P., F.W.M., A.L.M.), NIH, Bethesda; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (I.P.-F., M.C.-D., J.P., J.A., L.C.-S., T.E.L., A.M.C., A.L.M.), Baltimore, MD; Clinic Hospital and the University of Barcelona (J.C.M., J.M.G.-J.); Vall d'Hebron Hospital and Autonomous University of Barcelona (A.S.-O.); and Faculty of Health Sciences (I.P.-F.), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Assia Derfoul
- From the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (I.P.-F, M.C.-D, A.D., K.P., P.P., F.W.M., A.L.M.), NIH, Bethesda; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (I.P.-F., M.C.-D., J.P., J.A., L.C.-S., T.E.L., A.M.C., A.L.M.), Baltimore, MD; Clinic Hospital and the University of Barcelona (J.C.M., J.M.G.-J.); Vall d'Hebron Hospital and Autonomous University of Barcelona (A.S.-O.); and Faculty of Health Sciences (I.P.-F.), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Katherine Pak
- From the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (I.P.-F, M.C.-D, A.D., K.P., P.P., F.W.M., A.L.M.), NIH, Bethesda; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (I.P.-F., M.C.-D., J.P., J.A., L.C.-S., T.E.L., A.M.C., A.L.M.), Baltimore, MD; Clinic Hospital and the University of Barcelona (J.C.M., J.M.G.-J.); Vall d'Hebron Hospital and Autonomous University of Barcelona (A.S.-O.); and Faculty of Health Sciences (I.P.-F.), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paul Plotz
- From the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (I.P.-F, M.C.-D, A.D., K.P., P.P., F.W.M., A.L.M.), NIH, Bethesda; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (I.P.-F., M.C.-D., J.P., J.A., L.C.-S., T.E.L., A.M.C., A.L.M.), Baltimore, MD; Clinic Hospital and the University of Barcelona (J.C.M., J.M.G.-J.); Vall d'Hebron Hospital and Autonomous University of Barcelona (A.S.-O.); and Faculty of Health Sciences (I.P.-F.), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Frederick W Miller
- From the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (I.P.-F, M.C.-D, A.D., K.P., P.P., F.W.M., A.L.M.), NIH, Bethesda; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (I.P.-F., M.C.-D., J.P., J.A., L.C.-S., T.E.L., A.M.C., A.L.M.), Baltimore, MD; Clinic Hospital and the University of Barcelona (J.C.M., J.M.G.-J.); Vall d'Hebron Hospital and Autonomous University of Barcelona (A.S.-O.); and Faculty of Health Sciences (I.P.-F.), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose C Milisenda
- From the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (I.P.-F, M.C.-D, A.D., K.P., P.P., F.W.M., A.L.M.), NIH, Bethesda; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (I.P.-F., M.C.-D., J.P., J.A., L.C.-S., T.E.L., A.M.C., A.L.M.), Baltimore, MD; Clinic Hospital and the University of Barcelona (J.C.M., J.M.G.-J.); Vall d'Hebron Hospital and Autonomous University of Barcelona (A.S.-O.); and Faculty of Health Sciences (I.P.-F.), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep M Grau-Junyent
- From the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (I.P.-F, M.C.-D, A.D., K.P., P.P., F.W.M., A.L.M.), NIH, Bethesda; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (I.P.-F., M.C.-D., J.P., J.A., L.C.-S., T.E.L., A.M.C., A.L.M.), Baltimore, MD; Clinic Hospital and the University of Barcelona (J.C.M., J.M.G.-J.); Vall d'Hebron Hospital and Autonomous University of Barcelona (A.S.-O.); and Faculty of Health Sciences (I.P.-F.), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Selva-O'Callaghan
- From the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (I.P.-F, M.C.-D, A.D., K.P., P.P., F.W.M., A.L.M.), NIH, Bethesda; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (I.P.-F., M.C.-D., J.P., J.A., L.C.-S., T.E.L., A.M.C., A.L.M.), Baltimore, MD; Clinic Hospital and the University of Barcelona (J.C.M., J.M.G.-J.); Vall d'Hebron Hospital and Autonomous University of Barcelona (A.S.-O.); and Faculty of Health Sciences (I.P.-F.), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julie Paik
- From the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (I.P.-F, M.C.-D, A.D., K.P., P.P., F.W.M., A.L.M.), NIH, Bethesda; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (I.P.-F., M.C.-D., J.P., J.A., L.C.-S., T.E.L., A.M.C., A.L.M.), Baltimore, MD; Clinic Hospital and the University of Barcelona (J.C.M., J.M.G.-J.); Vall d'Hebron Hospital and Autonomous University of Barcelona (A.S.-O.); and Faculty of Health Sciences (I.P.-F.), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jemima Albayda
- From the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (I.P.-F, M.C.-D, A.D., K.P., P.P., F.W.M., A.L.M.), NIH, Bethesda; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (I.P.-F., M.C.-D., J.P., J.A., L.C.-S., T.E.L., A.M.C., A.L.M.), Baltimore, MD; Clinic Hospital and the University of Barcelona (J.C.M., J.M.G.-J.); Vall d'Hebron Hospital and Autonomous University of Barcelona (A.S.-O.); and Faculty of Health Sciences (I.P.-F.), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lisa Christopher-Stine
- From the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (I.P.-F, M.C.-D, A.D., K.P., P.P., F.W.M., A.L.M.), NIH, Bethesda; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (I.P.-F., M.C.-D., J.P., J.A., L.C.-S., T.E.L., A.M.C., A.L.M.), Baltimore, MD; Clinic Hospital and the University of Barcelona (J.C.M., J.M.G.-J.); Vall d'Hebron Hospital and Autonomous University of Barcelona (A.S.-O.); and Faculty of Health Sciences (I.P.-F.), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thomas E Lloyd
- From the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (I.P.-F, M.C.-D, A.D., K.P., P.P., F.W.M., A.L.M.), NIH, Bethesda; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (I.P.-F., M.C.-D., J.P., J.A., L.C.-S., T.E.L., A.M.C., A.L.M.), Baltimore, MD; Clinic Hospital and the University of Barcelona (J.C.M., J.M.G.-J.); Vall d'Hebron Hospital and Autonomous University of Barcelona (A.S.-O.); and Faculty of Health Sciences (I.P.-F.), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea M Corse
- From the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (I.P.-F, M.C.-D, A.D., K.P., P.P., F.W.M., A.L.M.), NIH, Bethesda; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (I.P.-F., M.C.-D., J.P., J.A., L.C.-S., T.E.L., A.M.C., A.L.M.), Baltimore, MD; Clinic Hospital and the University of Barcelona (J.C.M., J.M.G.-J.); Vall d'Hebron Hospital and Autonomous University of Barcelona (A.S.-O.); and Faculty of Health Sciences (I.P.-F.), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrew L Mammen
- From the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (I.P.-F, M.C.-D, A.D., K.P., P.P., F.W.M., A.L.M.), NIH, Bethesda; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (I.P.-F., M.C.-D., J.P., J.A., L.C.-S., T.E.L., A.M.C., A.L.M.), Baltimore, MD; Clinic Hospital and the University of Barcelona (J.C.M., J.M.G.-J.); Vall d'Hebron Hospital and Autonomous University of Barcelona (A.S.-O.); and Faculty of Health Sciences (I.P.-F.), Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Patwardhan A, Spencer CH. Biologics in refractory myositis: experience in juvenile vs. adult myositis; part II: emerging biologic and other therapies on the horizon. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2019; 17:56. [PMID: 31429786 PMCID: PMC6702719 DOI: 10.1186/s12969-019-0361-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) until recently have been considered a heterogeneous broad group of six autoimmune muscle diseases. Initially, autoantibodies in IIM (including JDM) and CD8+ T cell-induced cytotoxicity (PM and IBM) were the predominant recognized etiopathology mechanisms used to classify myopathies. In the early late 1990's to 2000's, evolving understanding of the molecules such as interleukin (IL), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interferon (IFN), and other cytokines as well as differences in response to therapies, has led IIM researchers to look beyond previous disease mechanisms. For decades the overexpression of Th1- associated cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-12) in the areas of inflammation in skin and muscle in IIM pointed to Th1 as the primary pathway for inflammation in myositis.However, in the last decade overexpression and elevated level of Th17-associated cytokines (IL-17, IL-22, and IL-6) were identified in the blood and the inflamed muscles of myositis patients. We also do not know how Th1 and Th2 cytokines work differently in diverse hosts, in different concentrations, in different inflammatory milieus, and in the presence or absence of each other or other adhesion/co-stimulatory molecules such as NF-κB. Also, several autoantibodies to intracellular organelles have been identified in myositis.In this review, we will discuss the most recent advances in IIM research and how that might bring new biologic therapies to market in the next 5-15 years to assist in the care of our most difficult IIM and JDM patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Patwardhan
- University of Missouri School of Medicine, 400 Keene Street, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA.
| | - Charles H. Spencer
- 0000 0004 1937 0407grid.410721.1University of Mississippi Medical Center, Batson Children’s Hospital, Rm 289, 2500 North State St, Jackson, MS 39216 USA
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Miller FW, Lamb JA, Schmidt J, Nagaraju K. Risk factors and disease mechanisms in myositis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2019; 14:255-268. [PMID: 29674613 DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2018.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases develop as a result of chronic inflammation owing to interactions between genes and the environment. However, the mechanisms by which autoimmune diseases evolve remain poorly understood. Newly discovered risk factors and pathogenic processes in the various idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM) phenotypes (known collectively as myositis) have illuminated innovative approaches for understanding these diseases. The HLA 8.1 ancestral haplotype is a key risk factor for major IIM phenotypes in some populations, and several genetic variants associated with other autoimmune diseases have been identified as IIM risk factors. Environmental risk factors are less well studied than genetic factors but might include viruses, bacteria, ultraviolet radiation, smoking, occupational and perinatal exposures and a growing list of drugs (including biologic agents) and dietary supplements. Disease mechanisms vary by phenotype, with evidence of shared innate and adaptive immune and metabolic pathways in some phenotypes but unique pathways in others. The heterogeneity and rarity of the IIMs make advancements in diagnosis and treatment cumbersome. Novel approaches, better-defined phenotypes, and international, multidisciplinary consensus have contributed to progress, and it is hoped that these methods will eventually enable therapeutic intervention before the onset or major progression of disease. In the future, preemptive strategies for IIM management might be possible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frederick W Miller
- Environmental Autoimmunity Group, Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Janine A Lamb
- Centre for Epidemiology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Jens Schmidt
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kanneboyina Nagaraju
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Boehler JF, Horn A, Novak JS, Li N, Ghimbovschi S, Lundberg IE, Alexanderson H, Alemo Munters L, Jaiswal JK, Nagaraju K. Mitochondrial dysfunction and role of harakiri in the pathogenesis of myositis. J Pathol 2019; 249:215-226. [PMID: 31135059 DOI: 10.1002/path.5309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The etiology of myositis is unknown. Although attempts to identify viruses in myositis skeletal muscle have failed, several studies have identified the presence of a viral signature in myositis patients. Here we postulate that in individuals with susceptible genetic backgrounds, viral infection alters the epigenome to activate the pathological pathways leading to disease onset. To identify epigenetic changes, methylation profiling of Coxsackie B infected human myotubes and muscle biopsies from polymyositis (PM) and dermatomyositis (DM) patients were compared to changes in global transcript expression induced by in vitro Coxsackie B infection. Gene and protein expression analysis and live cell imaging were performed to examine the mechanisms. Analysis of methylation and gene expression changes identified that a mitochondria-localized activator of apoptosis - harakiri (HRK) - is upregulated in myositis skeletal muscle cells. Muscle cells with higher HRK expression have reduced mitochondrial potential and poor ability to repair from injury as compared to controls. In cells from myositis patient toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) activates and sustains high HRK expression. Forced over expression of HRK in healthy muscle cells is sufficient to compromise their membrane repair ability. Endurance exercise that is associated with improved muscle and mitochondrial function in PM and DM patients decreased TLR7 and HRK expression identifying these as therapeutic targets. Increased HRK and TLR7 expression causes mitochondrial damage leading to poor myofiber repair, myofiber death and muscle weakness in myositis patients and exercise induced reduction of HRK and TLR7 expression in patients is associated with disease amelioration. © 2019 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica F Boehler
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA.,Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Adam Horn
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA.,Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - James S Novak
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA.,Department of Genomics and Precision Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Svetlana Ghimbovschi
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ingrid E Lundberg
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.,Division of Rheumatology, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helene Alexanderson
- Function Area Occupational Therapy and Physical Therapy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Division of Physical Therapy, Department of NVS, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Li Alemo Munters
- Function Area Occupational Therapy and Physical Therapy, Karolinska University Hospital and Swedish Rheumatism Association, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jyoti K Jaiswal
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA.,Department of Genomics and Precision Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kanneboyina Nagaraju
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Benveniste O, Goebel HH, Stenzel W. Biomarkers in Inflammatory Myopathies-An Expanded Definition. Front Neurol 2019; 10:554. [PMID: 31214105 PMCID: PMC6558048 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers as parameters of pathophysiological conditions can be of outmost relevance for inflammatory myopathies. They are particularly warranted to inform about diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic questions. As biomarkers become more and more relevant in daily routine, this review focusses on relevant aspects particularly addressing myopathological features. However, the level of evidence to use them in daily routine at presence is low, still since none of them has been validated in large cohorts of patients and rarely in independent biopsy series. Hence, they should be read as mere expert opinions. The evaluation of biomarkers as well as key biological parameters is an ongoing process, and we start learning about relevance of them, as we must recognize that pathophysiology of myositis is biologically incompletely understood. As such this approach should be considered an essay toward expansion of the definition “biomarker” to myositis, an emerging field of interest in biomedical research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Benveniste
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Assistance Public-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne-Université, INSERM, UMR974, Paris, France
| | - Hans-Hilmar Goebel
- Department of Neuropathology, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Charité - Universitätsmedizin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Neuropathology, Mainz - Universitätsmedizin, Johannes Gutenberg- University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Werner Stenzel
- Department of Neuropathology, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Charité - Universitätsmedizin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Reed AM, Crowson CS, Dvergsten JA. A Path to Prediction of Outcomes in Juvenile Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathy. Front Immunol 2019; 10:638. [PMID: 31001260 PMCID: PMC6454149 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans have an innate desire to observe and subsequently dissect an event into component pieces in an effort to better characterize the event. We then examine these pieces individually and in combinations using this information to determine the outcome of future similar events and the likelihood of their recurrence. Practically, this attempt to foretell an occurrence and predict its outcomes is evident in multiple disciplines ranging from meteorology to sociologic studies. In this manuscript we share the historical and present-day tools to predict course and outcome in juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathy including clinical features, testing, and biomarkers. Further we discuss considerations for building more complex predictive models of outcome especially in diseases such as juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathy where patients numbers are low. Many of the barriers to developing risk prediction models for juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathy outcomes have improved with many remaining challenges being addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ann Marie Reed
- School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States.,Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | | | - Jeffrey Arthur Dvergsten
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Biomarkers in Adult Dermatomyositis: Tools to Help the Diagnosis and Predict the Clinical Outcome. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:9141420. [PMID: 30766892 PMCID: PMC6350546 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9141420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dermatomyositis pathophysiology is complex. In recent years, medical research has identified molecules associated with disease activity. Besides providing insights into the driving mechanisms of dermatomyositis, these findings could provide potential biomarkers. Activity markers can be used to monitor disease activity in clinical trials and may also be useful in daily practice. This article reviews molecules that could be used as biomarkers for diagnosis and monitoring dermatomyositis disease activity.
Collapse
|
60
|
van den Hombergh WMT, Kersten BE, Knaapen-Hans HKA, Thurlings RM, van der Kraan PM, van den Hoogen FHJ, Fransen J, Vonk MC. Hit hard and early: analysing the effects of high-dose methylprednisolone on nailfold capillary changes and biomarkers in very early systemic sclerosis: study protocol for a 12-week randomised controlled trial. Trials 2018; 19:449. [PMID: 30134971 PMCID: PMC6104002 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-018-2798-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mounting evidence indicates that inflammatory mechanisms drive systemic sclerosis (SSc) vasculopathy and fibrosis, especially early in the disease. Therefore, patients with very early SSc could benefit from early treatments targeting inflammation. Glucocorticoids are among the most potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agents. Several studies have demonstrated a mixed response to treatment with glucocorticoids in SSc, probably because it is seldom initiated at very early stages of the disease. We hypothesise that by inhibiting the inflammatory process driving SSc disease progression, glucocorticoid treatments will induce remission in patients with very early SSc. Methods/design This study is a 12-week, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial analysing the effects of high-dose intravenous methylprednisolone in very early SSc. Thirty patients who fulfil the criteria for very early SSc will be randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio to receive either intravenous methylprednisolone or a placebo on three consecutive days over three consecutive months. In this study, the primary endpoint will be the change in capillary density between the baseline and after 12 weeks of treatment. The secondary outcomes of this study are a change in selected biomarkers, other changes in the nailfold capillaries, signs of established SSc and changes in physical function, general health and utilities, as reported through questionnaires. Discussion This trial is the first aiming to treat very early SSc and is promising because it targets the very early stages of the disease process by using an inexpensive and relatively safe treatment known to be highly effective against inflammation. The use of vasculopathy and inflammatory biomarkers as well as clinical signs and symptoms as the endpoints in our study enables us to meet the patient need for markers of disease activity. If it is possible to prevent clinically significant disease in patients with very early SSc by using a safe treatment, this will cause a paradigm shift in scleroderma care and research. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03059979. Registered on 20 February 2017. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13063-018-2798-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wieneke M T van den Hombergh
- Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Brigit E Kersten
- Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hanneke K A Knaapen-Hans
- Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rogier M Thurlings
- Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter M van der Kraan
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank H J van den Hoogen
- Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap Fransen
- Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Madelon C Vonk
- Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Soponkanaporn S, Deakin CT, Schutz PW, Marshall LR, Yasin SA, Johnson CM, Sag E, Tansley SL, McHugh NJ, Wedderburn LR, Jacques TS. Expression of myxovirus-resistance protein A: a possible marker of muscle disease activity and autoantibody specificities in juvenile dermatomyositis. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2018; 45:410-420. [PMID: 29770465 PMCID: PMC6563435 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aims To evaluate the relationship between expression of myxovirus‐resistance protein A (MxA) protein on muscle biopsies by immunohistochemistry and disease activity in juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) patients. Also, another aim was to investigate whether the expression of MxA is related with myositis‐specific autoantibodies (MSA) status in JDM patients. Methods 103 patients (median aged 6.3, interquartile range 0.5–15.9) enrolled in the Juvenile Dermatomyositis Cohort and Biomarker Study (JDCBS). Muscle biopsies were stained with MxA and scored. Clinical data at initial presentation were collected and autoantibodies were analysed. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to estimate the association between MxA expression on muscle fibres and muscle disease activity, and MSA status. Results Expression of MxA protein on JDM samples was identified in 61.2%. There was a significant association between MxA scores and Childhood Myositis Assessment Scale (CMAS) (P = 0.002), and Manual Muscle Testing of Eight Muscles (MMT8) (P = 0.026). CMAS and MMT8 scores were significantly lower in the group of patients with strong MxA expression. MxA scores differed according to MSA subgroups (P = 0.002). Patients with positive nuclear matrix protein 2 autoantibodies had strong MxA expression, whereas anti‐melanoma differentiation‐associated gene 5 positive patients had no or weak MxA expression. Conclusions This study reveals the significant association between level of MxA expression on muscle fibres and clinical measures of muscular disease activity in JDM patients and MSA status. This confirms type I interferonopathies in muscle fibres of JDM patients which could help with improving treatment outcome in JDM patients and underscoring the distinct pathophysiological pathways in different MSA status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Soponkanaporn
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - C T Deakin
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - P W Schutz
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.,Division of Neuropathology, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - L R Marshall
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - S A Yasin
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - C M Johnson
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - E Sag
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.,Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - S L Tansley
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - N J McHugh
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - L R Wedderburn
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.,Rheumatology Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, NHS Foundation Trust and University College London, London, UK.,Arthritis Research UK Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology at UCL, UCLH and GOSH, London, UK
| | - T S Jacques
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Ladislau L, Suárez-Calvet X, Toquet S, Landon-Cardinal O, Amelin D, Depp M, Rodero MP, Hathazi D, Duffy D, Bondet V, Preusse C, Bienvenu B, Rozenberg F, Roos A, Benjamim CF, Gallardo E, Illa I, Mouly V, Stenzel W, Butler-Browne G, Benveniste O, Allenbach Y. JAK inhibitor improves type I interferon induced damage: proof of concept in dermatomyositis. Brain 2018; 141:1609-1621. [DOI: 10.1093/brain/awy105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Ladislau
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Association Institut de Myologie, Center of Research in Myology, UMRS 974, AP-HP, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, DHU I2B, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, F-75013, Paris, France
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Xavier Suárez-Calvet
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Association Institut de Myologie, Center of Research in Myology, UMRS 974, AP-HP, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, DHU I2B, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, F-75013, Paris, France
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Institut de Recerca Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ségolène Toquet
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Association Institut de Myologie, Center of Research in Myology, UMRS 974, AP-HP, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, DHU I2B, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Océane Landon-Cardinal
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Association Institut de Myologie, Center of Research in Myology, UMRS 974, AP-HP, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, DHU I2B, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Damien Amelin
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Association Institut de Myologie, Center of Research in Myology, UMRS 974, AP-HP, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, DHU I2B, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Marine Depp
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Neuroinflammation, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1163 and Université Paris Descartes, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Mathieu P Rodero
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Neuroinflammation, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1163 and Université Paris Descartes, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Denisa Hathazi
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V, Biomedical Research Department, Tissue Omics group, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6b, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Darragh Duffy
- INSERM UMR 1223 and Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Immunobiology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Bondet
- INSERM UMR 1223 and Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Immunobiology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Corinna Preusse
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Boris Bienvenu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Joseph Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - Flore Rozenberg
- Departement de Virologie, Hôpital Cochin, Paris Descartes Universités, Paris, France
| | - Andreas Roos
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V, Biomedical Research Department, Tissue Omics group, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6b, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, UK
| | - Claudia F Benjamim
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eduard Gallardo
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Institut de Recerca Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Illa
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Institut de Recerca Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Vincent Mouly
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Association Institut de Myologie, Center of Research in Myology, UMRS 974, AP-HP, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, DHU I2B, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Werner Stenzel
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gillian Butler-Browne
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Association Institut de Myologie, Center of Research in Myology, UMRS 974, AP-HP, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, DHU I2B, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Benveniste
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Association Institut de Myologie, Center of Research in Myology, UMRS 974, AP-HP, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, DHU I2B, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Yves Allenbach
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Association Institut de Myologie, Center of Research in Myology, UMRS 974, AP-HP, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, DHU I2B, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, F-75013, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Activated dendritic cells modulate proliferation and differentiation of human myoblasts. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:551. [PMID: 29748534 PMCID: PMC5945640 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0426-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies (IIMs) are a heterogeneous group of autoimmune diseases affecting skeletal muscle tissue homeostasis. They are characterized by muscle weakness and inflammatory infiltration with tissue damage. Amongst the cells in the muscle inflammatory infiltration, dendritic cells (DCs) are potent antigen-presenting and key components in autoimmunity exhibiting an increased activation in inflamed tissues. Since, the IIMs are characterized by the focal necrosis/regeneration and muscle atrophy, we hypothesized that DCs may play a role in these processes. Due to the absence of a reliable in vivo model for IIMs, we first performed co-culture experiments with immature DCs (iDC) or LPS-activated DCs (actDC) and proliferating myoblasts or differentiating myotubes. We demonstrated that both iDC or actDCs tightly interact with myoblasts and myotubes, increased myoblast proliferation and migration, but inhibited myotube differentiation. We also observed that actDCs increased HLA-ABC, HLA-DR, VLA-5, and VLA-6 expression and induced cytokine secretion on myoblasts. In an in vivo regeneration model, the co-injection of human myoblasts and DCs enhanced human myoblast migration, whereas the absolute number of human myofibres was unchanged. In conclusion, we suggest that in the early stages of myositis, DCs may play a crucial role in inducing muscle-damage through cell–cell contact and inflammatory cytokine secretion, leading to muscle regeneration impairment.
Collapse
|
64
|
Yang WM, Chen JJ. Advances in biomarkers for dermatomyositis. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 482:172-177. [PMID: 29614309 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dermatomyositis (DM) and polymyositis (PM) are heterogeneous complex autoimmune diseases involving muscle damage. Patients with DM and PM display a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations and serological biomarkers, which may mislead and delay the proper diagnosis. Therefore, specific biomarkers or indicators for diagnosing DM and PM and monitoring disease activity are essential. Significant progress has been made through identifying novel serological biomarkers for DM and PM in recent years. Our aim is to focus on novel biomarkers for diagnosing and monitoring disease activity in DM and PM to highlight their predictive value and applicability in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ming Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Juan-Juan Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Sontheimer RD. Aminoquinoline antimalarial therapy in dermatomyositis-are we missing opportunities with respect to comorbidities and modulation of extracutaneous disease activity? ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2018; 6:154. [PMID: 29862243 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2018.03.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
It is now widely accepted that long-term aminoquinoline antimalarial therapy with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) can mitigate one of the most important comorbidities of systemic lupus erythematosus (LE)-atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Increasing evidence suggests that idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM) patients have a risk for ASCVD comorbidity that is similar to that of systemic LE. I would like to explore the primary hypothesis that long-term HCQ therapy could provide those with IIM, especially dermatomyositis (DM) patients, an ASCVD comorbidity benefit similar to that of systemic LE. In addition, while HCQ is known to have clinical benefits for the cutaneous manifestations of DM, I would also like to explore the secondary hypothesis that HCQ might have steroid-sparing effects on one or more of the systemic manifestations of DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard D Sontheimer
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Abstract
The type I interferon pathway has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of rheumatic diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren syndrome, myositis, systemic sclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis. In normal immune responses, type I interferons have a critical role in the defence against viruses, yet in many rheumatic diseases, large subgroups of patients demonstrate persistent activation of the type I interferon pathway. Genetic variations in type I interferon-related genes are risk factors for some rheumatic diseases, and can explain some of the heterogeneity in type I interferon responses seen between patients within a given disease. Inappropriate activation of the immune response via Toll-like receptors and other nucleic acid sensors also contributes to the dysregulation of the type I interferon pathway in a number of rheumatic diseases. Theoretically, differences in type I interferon activity between patients might predict response to immune-based therapies, as has been demonstrated for rheumatoid arthritis. A number of type I interferon and type I interferon pathway blocking therapies are currently in clinical trials, the results of which are promising thus far. This Review provides an overview of the many ways in which the type I interferon system affects rheumatic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theresa L. Wampler Muskardin
- Colton Center for Autoimmunity, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Timothy B. Niewold
- Colton Center for Autoimmunity, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Gitiaux C, Latroche C, Weiss‐Gayet M, Rodero MP, Duffy D, Bader‐Meunier B, Glorion C, Nusbaum P, Bodemer C, Mouchiroud G, Chelly J, Germain S, Desguerre I, Chazaud B. Myogenic Progenitor Cells Exhibit Type I Interferon–Driven Proangiogenic Properties and Molecular Signature During Juvenile Dermatomyositis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2017; 70:134-145. [DOI: 10.1002/art.40328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Gitiaux
- Département de Neurophysiologie Clinique Hôpital Necker‐Enfants Malades, AP‐HP, Centre de Référence pour les Maladies Neuromusculaires, Garches‐Necker‐Mondor‐Hendaye, AP‐HP, FILNEMUS, and Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris Descartes Paris France
| | - Claire Latroche
- Institut Cochin INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris Descartes Paris France
| | - Michèle Weiss‐Gayet
- Institut NeuroMyoGène Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5310, INSERM U1217 Villeurbanne France
| | - Mathieu P. Rodero
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Neuroinflammation INSERM UMR1163, Institut Imagine Paris France
| | - Darragh Duffy
- Immunobiology of Dendritic Cells INSERM U1223, Institut Pasteur Paris France
| | - Brigitte Bader‐Meunier
- Département de Rhumatologie Pédiatrique Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, AP‐HP Paris France
| | - Christophe Glorion
- Département de Chirurgie Orthopédique Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, AP‐HP Paris France
| | - Patrick Nusbaum
- Service de Biochimie et de Génétique Moléculaire Hôpital Cochin, AP‐HP Paris France
| | - Christine Bodemer
- Département de Dermatologie Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, AP‐HP Paris France
| | - Guy Mouchiroud
- Institut NeuroMyoGène Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5310, INSERM U1217 Villeurbanne France
| | - Jamel Chelly
- Institut Cochin INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris Descartes Paris France
| | - Stéphane Germain
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology Collège de France, INSERM, CNRS, PSL Research University Paris France
| | - Isabelle Desguerre
- Centre de Référence pour les Maladies Neuromusculaires, Garches‐Necker‐Mondor‐Hendaye, AP‐HP, FILNEMUS Paris France
| | - Bénédicte Chazaud
- Institut NeuroMyoGène Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5310, INSERM U1217 Villeurbanne France
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Gao S, Luo H, Zhang H, Zuo X, Wang L, Zhu H. Using multi-omics methods to understand dermatomyositis/polymyositis. Autoimmun Rev 2017; 16:1044-1048. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2017.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
69
|
Mandel DE, Malemud CJ, Askari AD. Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies: A Review of the Classification and Impact of Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18051084. [PMID: 28524083 PMCID: PMC5454993 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18051084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) are a group of autoimmune muscle diseases with significant morbidity and mortality. This review details and updates the pathogenesis and emerging importance of myositis-specific antibodies in the development of IIMs. An increase in the understanding of how these myositis-specific antibodies play a role in IIMs has led to the further categorization of IIMs from the traditional polymyositis versus dermatomyositis, to additional subcategories of IIMs such as necrotizing autoimmune myositis (NAM). The diagnosis of IIMs, including manual muscle testing, laboratory studies, and non-invasive imaging have become important in classifying IIM subtypes and for identifying disease severity. Treatment has evolved from an era where glucocorticoid therapy was the only option to a time now that includes traditional steroid-sparing agents along with immunoglobulin therapy and biologics, such as rituximab.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dana E. Mandel
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-216-844-2289; Fax: +1-216-844-2288
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
70
|
Huard C, Gullà S, Bennett D, Coyle A, Vleugels R, Greenberg S. Correlation of cutaneous disease activity with type 1 interferon gene signature and interferon β in dermatomyositis. Br J Dermatol 2017; 176:1224-1230. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Huard
- Pfizer Inc.; Centers for Therapeutic Innovation; Boston MA U.S.A
| | - S.V. Gullà
- Pfizer Inc.; Centers for Therapeutic Innovation; Boston MA U.S.A
| | - D.V. Bennett
- Pfizer Inc.; Pharma Therapeutics; Precision Medicine; Cambridge MA U.S.A
| | - A.J. Coyle
- Pfizer Inc.; Centers for Therapeutic Innovation; Boston MA U.S.A
| | - R.A. Vleugels
- Department of Dermatology; Brigham and Women's Hospital; Boston MA U.S.A
| | - S.A. Greenberg
- Department of Neurology; Brigham and Women's Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Boston MA U.S.A
- Children's Hospital Informatics Program; Boston Children's Hospital; Boston MA U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Ekholm L, Vosslamber S, Tjärnlund A, de Jong TD, Betteridge Z, McHugh N, Plestilova L, Klein M, Padyukov L, Voskuyl AE, Bultink IEM, Michiel Pegtel D, Mavragani CP, Crow MK, Vencovsky J, Lundberg IE, Verweij CL. Autoantibody Specificities and Type I Interferon Pathway Activation in Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies. Scand J Immunol 2017; 84:100-9. [PMID: 27173897 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Myositis is a heterogeneous group of autoimmune diseases, with different pathogenic mechanisms contributing to the different subsets of disease. The aim of this study was to test whether the autoantibody profile in patients with myositis is associated with a type I interferon (IFN) signature, as in patients with systemic lupus erythematous (SLE). Patients with myositis were prospectively enrolled in the study and compared to healthy controls and to patients with SLE. Autoantibody status was analysed using an immunoassay system and immunoprecipitation. Type I IFN activity in whole blood was determined using direct gene expression analysis. Serum IFN-inducing activity was tested using peripheral blood cells from healthy donors. Blocking experiments were performed by neutralizing anti-IFNAR or anti-IFN-α antibodies. Patients were categorized into IFN high and IFN low based on an IFN score. Patients with autoantibodies against RNA-binding proteins had a higher IFN score compared to patients without these antibodies, and the IFN score was related to autoantibody multispecificity. Patients with dermatomyositis (DM) and inclusion body myositis (IBM) had a higher IFN score compared to the other subgroups. Serum type I IFN bioactivity was blocked by neutralizing anti-IFNAR or anti-IFN-α antibodies. To conclude, a high IFN score was not only associated with DM, as previously reported, and IBM, but also with autoantibody monospecificity against several RNA-binding proteins and with autoantibody multispecificity. These studies identify IFN-α in sera as a trigger for activation of the type I IFN pathway in peripheral blood and support IFN-α as a possible target for therapy in these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Ekholm
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - S Vosslamber
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A Tjärnlund
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - T D de Jong
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Z Betteridge
- Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - N McHugh
- Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - L Plestilova
- Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Klein
- Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L Padyukov
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - A E Voskuyl
- Department of Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and immunology Center, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - I E M Bultink
- Department of Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and immunology Center, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - D Michiel Pegtel
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - C P Mavragani
- Mary Kirkland Center for Lupus Research, Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Experimental Physiology, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - M K Crow
- Mary Kirkland Center for Lupus Research, Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - J Vencovsky
- Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - I E Lundberg
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - C L Verweij
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and immunology Center, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Tumienė B, Voisin N, Preikšaitienė E, Petroška D, Grikinienė J, Samaitienė R, Utkus A, Reymond A, Kučinskas V. Inflammatory myopathy in a patient with Aicardi-Goutières syndrome. Eur J Med Genet 2017; 60:154-158. [PMID: 28089741 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS) is an inflammatory disorder belonging to the recently characterized group of type I interferonopathies. The most consistently affected tissues in AGS are the central nervous system and skin, but various organ systems and tissues have been reported to be affected, pointing to the systemic nature of the disease. Here we describe a patient with AGS due to a homozygous p.Arg114His mutation in the TREX1 gene. The histologically proven inflammatory myopathy in our patient expands the range of clinical features of AGS. Histological signs of muscle biopsies in the proband, and in two other AGS patients described earlier, are similar to those seen in various autoimmune myositises and could be ascribed to inapproapriate IFN I activation. In view of signs of possible mitochondrial damage in AGS, we propose that mitochondrial DNA could be a trigger of autoimmune responses in AGS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Birutė Tumienė
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Centre for Medical Genetics, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Norine Voisin
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eglė Preikšaitienė
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Centre for Medical Genetics, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Donatas Petroška
- Department of Pathology, Forensic Medicine and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania; National Centre of Pathology, Vilnius University Hospital Santariškių Klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Jurgita Grikinienė
- Clinic of Children's Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Rūta Samaitienė
- Clinic of Children's Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Algirdas Utkus
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Centre for Medical Genetics, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Alexandre Reymond
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vaidutis Kučinskas
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Centre for Medical Genetics, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Balak DM, van Doorn MB, Arbeit RD, Rijneveld R, Klaassen E, Sullivan T, Brevard J, Thio HB, Prens EP, Burggraaf J, Rissmann R. IMO-8400, a toll-like receptor 7, 8, and 9 antagonist, demonstrates clinical activity in a phase 2a, randomized, placebo-controlled trial in patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. Clin Immunol 2017; 174:63-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2016.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
74
|
Dysregulated innate immune function in the aetiopathogenesis of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Autoimmun Rev 2016; 16:87-95. [PMID: 27666811 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2016.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) are a heterogeneous group of systemic muscle conditions that are believed to be autoimmune in nature. They have distinct pathological features, but the aetiopathogenesis of each subtype remains largely unknown. Recently, there has been increased interest in the complex role the innate immune system plays in initiating and perpetuating these conditions, and how this may differ between subtypes. This article summarises the traditional paradigms of IIM pathogenesis and reviews the accumulating evidence for disturbances in innate immune processes in these rare, but debilitating chronic conditions.
Collapse
|
75
|
Loell I, Raouf J, Chen YW, Shi R, Nennesmo I, Alexanderson H, Dastmalchi M, Nagaraju K, Korotkova M, Lundberg IE. Effects on muscle tissue remodeling and lipid metabolism in muscle tissue from adult patients with polymyositis or dermatomyositis treated with immunosuppressive agents. Arthritis Res Ther 2016; 18:136. [PMID: 27287443 PMCID: PMC4902919 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-016-1033-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Polymyositis (PM) and dermatomyositis (DM) are autoimmune muscle diseases, conventionally treated with high doses of glucocorticoids in combination with immunosuppressive drugs. Treatment is often dissatisfying, with persisting muscle impairment. We aimed to investigate molecular mechanisms that might contribute to the persisting muscle impairment despite immunosuppressive treatment in adult patients with PM or DM using gene expression profiling of repeated muscle biopsies. Methods Paired skeletal muscle biopsies from six newly diagnosed adult patients with DM or PM taken before and after conventional immunosuppressive treatment were examined by gene expression microarray analysis. Selected genes that displayed changes in expression were analyzed by Western blot. Muscle biopsy sections were evaluated for inflammation, T lymphocytes (CD3), macrophages (CD68), major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I expression and fiber type composition. Results After treatment, genes related to immune response and inflammation, including inflammasome pathways and interferon, were downregulated. This was confirmed at the protein level for AIM-2 and caspase-1 in the inflammasome pathway. Changes in genes involved in muscle tissue remodeling suggested a negative effect on muscle regeneration and growth. Gene markers for fast type II fibers were upregulated and fiber composition was switched towards type II fibers in response to treatment. The expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism was altered, suggesting a potential lipotoxic effect on muscles of the immunosuppressive treatment. Conclusion The anti-inflammatory effect of immunosuppressive treatment was combined with negative effects on genes involved in muscle tissue remodeling and lipid metabolism, suggesting a negative effect on recovery of muscle performance which may contribute to persisting muscle impairment in adult patients with DM and PM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ingela Loell
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joan Raouf
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yi-Wen Chen
- Childrens National Medical Center, Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Rongye Shi
- Center for Human Immunology, Autoimmunity and Inflammation, National Heart/Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Inger Nennesmo
- Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Institution for Laboratory Medicine (LABMED), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helene Alexanderson
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of NVS, Division of Physical Therapy and Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Physical Therapy Clinic, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maryam Dastmalchi
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kanneboyina Nagaraju
- Childrens National Medical Center, Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Marina Korotkova
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid E Lundberg
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
de Jong TD, Vosslamber S, Mantel E, de Ridder S, Wesseling JG, van der Pouw Kraan TCTM, Leurs C, Hegen H, Deisenhammer F, Killestein J, Lundberg IE, Vencovsky J, Nurmohamed MT, van Schaardenburg D, Bultink IEM, Voskuyl AE, Pegtel DM, van der Laken CJ, Bijlsma JWJ, Verweij CL. Physiological evidence for diversification of IFNα- and IFNβ-mediated response programs in different autoimmune diseases. Arthritis Res Ther 2016; 18:49. [PMID: 26882897 PMCID: PMC4756531 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-016-0946-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Activation of the type I interferon (IFN) response program is described for several autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), multiple sclerosis (MS), myositis (IIM) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). While IFNα contributes to SLE pathology, IFNβ therapy is often beneficial in MS, implying different immunoregulatory roles for these IFNs. This study was aimed to investigate potential diversification of IFNα-and IFNβ-mediated response programs in autoimmune diseases. Methods Peripheral blood gene expression of 23 prototypical type I IFN response genes (IRGs) was determined in 54 healthy controls (HCs), 69 SLE (47 test, 22 validation), 149 IFNβ-treated MS (71 test, 78 validation), 160 untreated MS, 78 IIM and 76 RA patients. Patients with a type I IFN signature were selected for analysis. Results We identified IFNα- and IFNβ-specific response programs (GC-A and GC-B, respectively) in SLE and IFNβ-treated MS patients. Concordantly, the GC-A/GC-B log-ratio was positive for all SLE patients and negative for virtually all IFNβ-treated MS patients, which was confirmed in additional cohorts. Applying this information to other autoimmune diseases, IIM patients displayed positive GC-A/GC-B log-ratios, indicating predominant IFNα activity. The GC-A/GC-B log-ratio in RA was lower and approached zero in part of the patients, implying relative importance of both clusters. Remarkably, GC-A/GC-B log-ratios appeared most heterogeneous in untreated MS; half of the patients displayed GC-A dominance, whereas others showed GC-B dominance or log-ratios near zero. Conclusions Our findings show diversification of the type I IFN response in autoimmune diseases, suggesting different pathogenic roles of the type I IFNs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13075-016-0946-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamarah D de Jong
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Saskia Vosslamber
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Elise Mantel
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Sander de Ridder
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - John G Wesseling
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Cyra Leurs
- Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Harald Hegen
- Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | | | - Joep Killestein
- Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Ingrid E Lundberg
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | - Mike T Nurmohamed
- Department of Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Reade, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Dirkjan van Schaardenburg
- Department of Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Reade, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Irene E M Bultink
- Department of Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Alexandre E Voskuyl
- Department of Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - D Michiel Pegtel
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Conny J van der Laken
- Department of Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Johannes W J Bijlsma
- Department of Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Reade, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Cornelis L Verweij
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Wright NA, Vleugels RA, Callen JP. Cutaneous dermatomyositis in the era of biologicals. Semin Immunopathol 2015; 38:113-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s00281-015-0543-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
78
|
Findlay AR, Goyal NA, Mozaffar T. An overview of polymyositis and dermatomyositis. Muscle Nerve 2015; 51:638-56. [PMID: 25641317 DOI: 10.1002/mus.24566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Polymyositis and dermatomyositis are inflammatory myopathies that differ in their clinical features, histopathology, response to treatment, and prognosis. Although their clinical pictures differ, they both present with symmetrical, proximal muscle weakness. Treatment relies mainly upon empirical use of corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents. A deeper understanding of the molecular pathways that drive pathogenesis, careful phenotyping, and accurate disease classification will aid clinical research and development of more efficacious treatments. In this review we address the current knowledge of the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, diagnostic evaluation, classification, pathogenesis, treatment, and prognosis of polymyositis and dermatomyositis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Findlay
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine UC Irvine, MDA ALS and Neuromuscular Center, 200 South Manchester Avenue, Suite 110, Orange, California, 92868, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
79
|
De Paepe B. Interferons as components of the complex web of reactions sustaining inflammation in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Cytokine 2015; 74:81-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2014.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
80
|
Hornung T, Wenzel J. Innate immune-response mechanisms in dermatomyositis: an update on pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment. Drugs 2015; 74:981-98. [PMID: 24939511 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-014-0240-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dermatomyositis (DM) is an autoimmune disease mainly affecting muscle and skin. Typical clinical and laboratory findings include muscle weakness with elevated muscle enzymes, characteristic skin lesions (e.g., Gottron papules, heliotrope erythema, Shawl sign), and specific serum autoantibodies. Recent studies have highlighted the activation of the innate immune system, including high expression of interferons (IFNs) and IFN-regulated proteins, as an important pathological hallmark of DM. These findings have changed our understanding of the disease fundamentally, since inappropriate activation of the innate immune system with secondary dysregulation of the adaptive immune response is now considered to be a central pathogenetic feature of DM. In this article, we review current guidelines and standards in diagnosis and treatment. We detail evidence-based and pathophysiology-based treatment strategies, with a focus on skin as well as on muscle lesions. Particularly, we discuss how the recent advances in the understanding of the pathomechanisms of DM have altered our conception of the mode of action of established drugs such as chloroquine and methotrexate. Finally, we outline possible future treatment strategies, with a focus on the innate immune system, e.g., targeting the IFN system with the anti-IFN-α antibody sifalimumab.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Hornung
- Department of Dermatology, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105, Bonn, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
81
|
Olazagasti JM, Hein M, Crowson CS, de Padilla CL, Peterson E, Baechler EC, Reed AM. Adipokine gene expression in peripheral blood of adult and juvenile dermatomyositis patients and their relation to clinical parameters and disease activity measures. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2015; 12:29. [PMID: 25918482 PMCID: PMC4410479 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-015-0075-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective Recently adipokines have been implicated in the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses in autoimmune disease. To investigate the role of adipokines in adult and pediatric patients with newly diagnosed dermatomyositis (DM), we analyzed peripheral blood and skeletal muscle gene expression of four adipokines: visfatin, leptin, adiponectin and resistin. Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected for 21 adult DM, 26 juvenile DM, 5 non-disease adult controls, and 6 non-disease pediatric controls at two time points: baseline and 6 months. Muscle biopsies from 5 adult DM patients and 5 non-disease adult controls were collected at baseline. Similarly, muscle biopsies from 7 juvenile DM patients and 5 non-disease pediatric controls were collected at baseline. The gene expression levels of leptin, adiponectin, resistin, visfatin and related inflammatory cytokines, IL-6, TNF- α, and housekeeping genes GAPDH, B2M, and ACTB were generated using a custom RT2 Profiler PCR Array. Results Visfatin gene expression levels in peripheral blood were significantly higher in newly diagnosed adult DM cases compared to non-disease controls (P = 0.004) and these levels correlated with baseline clinical parameters such as age (r = 0.34, P = 0.020), male sex (r = −0.35, P = 0.017), prednisone use (r = −0.42, P = 0.006), and DMARD use (r = 0.35, P = 0.025). No significant association was found between change in visfatin gene expression levels and change in disease activity measures. While visfatin gene expression was significantly up-regulated in muscle tissue of juvenile DM patients (P = 0.028), in adult DM patients only a trend towards significance was observed (P = 0.08). Also, muscle gene expression levels of resistin were significantly elevated in both adult and juvenile DM patients compared respectively to non-disease adult and pediatric controls. Furthermore, an association between peripheral blood resistin gene expression and DM disease activity, including global, muscle, and extra-skeletal disease activity was also observed. Conclusion Peripheral blood visfatin gene expression and muscle resistin gene expression are significantly increased in newly diagnosed adult DM patients. Further longitudinal studies should explore the possibility of using gene expression levels of adipokines such as visfatin and resistin as novel clinical diagnostic biomarkers in DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Molly Hein
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Cynthia S Crowson
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA ; Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | | | - Erik Peterson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatic and Autoimmune Diseases, and Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Emily C Baechler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatic and Autoimmune Diseases, and Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Ann M Reed
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, 201 Trent Drive, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Dermatomyositis, polymyositis and immune-mediated necrotising myopathies. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:622-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 05/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
83
|
Abstract
The idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) consist of rare heterogeneous autoimmune disorders that present with marked proximal and symmetric muscle weakness, except for distal and asymmetric weakness in inclusion body myositis. Despite many similarities, the IIM are fairly heterogeneous from the histopathologic and pathogenetic standpoints, and also show some clinical and treatment-response differences. The field has witnessed significant advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology and treatment of these rare disorders. This review focuses on dermatomyositis, polymyositis, and necrotizing myopathy, and examines current and promising therapies.
Collapse
|
84
|
Moran EM, Mastaglia FL. Cytokines in immune-mediated inflammatory myopathies: cellular sources, multiple actions and therapeutic implications. Clin Exp Immunol 2015; 178:405-15. [PMID: 25171057 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The idiopathic inflammatory myopathies are a heterogeneous group of disorders characterised by diffuse muscle weakness and inflammation. A common immunopathogenic mechanism is the cytokine-driven infiltration of immune cells into the muscle tissue. Recent studies have further dissected the inflammatory cell types and associated cytokines involved in the immune-mediated myopathies and other chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. In this review we outline the current knowledge of cytokine expression profiles and cellular sources in the major forms of inflammatory myopathy and detail the known mechanistic functions of these cytokines in the context of inflammatory myositis. Furthermore, we discuss how the application of this knowledge may lead to new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of the inflammatory myopathies, in particular for cases resistant to conventional forms of therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E M Moran
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases (IIID), Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
85
|
Abstract
Investigations of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus have applied insights from studies of the innate immune response to define IFN-I, with IFN-α as the dominant mediator, as central to the pathogenesis of this prototype systemic autoimmune disease. Genetic association data identify regulators of nucleic acid degradation and components of TLR-independent, endosomal TLR-dependent, and IFN-I-signaling pathways as contributors to lupus disease susceptibility. Together with a gene expression signature characterized by IFN-I-induced gene transcripts in lupus blood and tissue, those data support the conclusion that many of the immunologic and pathologic features of this disease are a consequence of a persistent self-directed immune reaction driven by IFN-I and mimicking a sustained antivirus response. This expanding knowledge of the role of IFN-I and the innate immune response suggests candidate therapeutic targets that are being tested in lupus patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary K Crow
- Mary Kirkland Center for Lupus Research, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021; and Rheumatology Division, Department of Medicine, NewYork-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY 10065
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
Upregulation of immunoproteasome subunits in myositis indicates active inflammation with involvement of antigen presenting cells, CD8 T-cells and IFNΓ. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104048. [PMID: 25098831 PMCID: PMC4123911 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective In idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) infiltration of immune cells into muscle and upregulation of MHC-I expression implies increased antigen presentation and involvement of the proteasome system. To decipher the role of immunoproteasomes in myositis, we investigated individual cell types and muscle tissues and focused on possible immune triggers. Methods Expression of constitutive (PSMB5, -6, -7) and corresponding immunoproteasomal subunits (PSMB8, -9, -10) was analyzed by real-time RT-PCR in muscle biopsies and sorted peripheral blood cells of patients with IIM, non-inflammatory myopathies (NIM) and healthy donors (HD). Protein analysis in muscle biopsies was performed by western blot. Affymetrix HG-U133 platform derived transcriptome data from biopsies of different muscle diseases and from immune cell types as well as monocyte stimulation experiments were used for validation, coregulation and coexpression analyses. Results Real-time RT-PCR revealed significantly increased expression of immunoproteasomal subunits (PSMB8/-9/-10) in DC, monocytes and CD8+ T-cells in IIM. In muscle biopsies, the immunosubunits were elevated in IIM compared to NIM and exceeded levels of matched blood samples. Proteins of PSMB8 and -9 were found only in IIM but not NIM muscle biopsies. Reanalysis of 78 myositis and 20 healthy muscle transcriptomes confirmed these results and revealed involvement of the antigen processing and presentation pathway. Comparison with reference profiles of sorted immune cells and healthy muscle confirmed upregulation of PSMB8 and -9 in myositis biopsies beyond infiltration related changes. This upregulation correlated highest with STAT1, IRF1 and IFNγ expression. Elevation of T-cell specific transcripts in active IIM muscles was accompanied by increased expression of DC and monocyte marker genes and thus reflects the cell type specific involvement observed in peripheral blood. Conclusions Immunoproteasomes seem to indicate IIM activity and suggest that dominant involvement of antigen processing and presentation may qualify these diseases exemplarily for the evolving therapeutic concepts of immunoproteasome specific inhibition.
Collapse
|
87
|
Hane H, Muro Y, Watanabe K, Ogawa Y, Sugiura K, Akiyama M. Establishment of an ELISA to detect anti-glycyl-tRNA synthetase antibody (anti-EJ), a serological marker of dermatomyositis/polymyositis and interstitial lung disease. Clin Chim Acta 2014; 431:9-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
88
|
Guo X, Higgs BW, Rebelatto M, Zhu W, Greth W, Yao Y, Roskos LK, White WI. Suppression of soluble T cell-associated proteins by an anti-interferon-α monoclonal antibody in adult patients with dermatomyositis or polymyositis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2013; 53:686-95. [PMID: 24357810 PMCID: PMC3970566 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ket413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to identify serum markers that are modulated by an investigational anti-IFN-α mAb, sifalimumab, in adult DM or PM patients. METHODS In a phase 1b clinical trial, sera were collected from a total of 48 DM or PM adult patients receiving either placebo for 3 months or sifalimumab for 6 months. Samples were tested for 128 selected proteins using a multiplex luminex immunoassay. Muscle biopsies from selected patients were stained for T cell infiltration using an anti-CD3 antibody. RESULTS A robust overexpression of multiple serum proteins in DM or PM patients was observed, particularly in patients with an elevated baseline type I IFN gene signature in the blood or muscle. Neutralization of the type I IFN gene signature by sifalimumab resulted in coordinated suppression of T cell-related proteins such as soluble IL-2RA, TNF receptor 2 (TNFR2) and IL-18. Muscle biopsies from two patients with the highest serum protein suppression were selected and found to have a pronounced reduction of muscle T cell infiltration. Down-regulation of IL-2RA correlated with favourable manual muscle test 8 (MMT-8) alterations in sifalimumab-dosed patients. CONCLUSION A reduced level of multiple T cell-associated proteins after sifalimumab but not placebo administration suggests a suppressive effect of blocking type I IFN signalling on T cell activation and chemoattraction that may lead to a reduction of T cell infiltration in the muscle of myositis patients. Further, soluble IL-2RA changes from baseline may serve as a responsive and/or predictive marker for type I IFN-targeted therapy in adult DM or PM patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Guo
- MedImmune, One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
89
|
Lauwerys BR, Ducreux J, Houssiau FA. Type I interferon blockade in systemic lupus erythematosus: where do we stand? Rheumatology (Oxford) 2013; 53:1369-76. [PMID: 24344319 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ket403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
SLE is an autoimmune condition characterized by loss of tolerance to chromatin constituents and the production of ANAs. The majority of SLE patients display spontaneous expression of type I IFN-induced genes in circulating mononuclear cells and peripheral tissues, and type I IFNs play a role in the pathogenesis of the disease via the sustained activation of autoreactive T and B cells necessary for the production of pathogenic autoantibodies. Several IFN-blocking strategies are currently being evaluated in clinical trials: monoclonal antibodies directed against IFN-α and type I IFN-α receptor (IFNAR), as well as active immunization against IFN-α. This review describes the rationale behind these trials and the results obtained, and discusses the perspectives for further development of these drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernard R Lauwerys
- Pôle de Rhumatologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain and Service de Rhumatologie, Clinique Universitaire Saint-Luc, Bruxelles, Belgium.Pôle de Rhumatologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain and Service de Rhumatologie, Clinique Universitaire Saint-Luc, Bruxelles, Belgium.
| | - Julie Ducreux
- Pôle de Rhumatologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain and Service de Rhumatologie, Clinique Universitaire Saint-Luc, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Frédéric A Houssiau
- Pôle de Rhumatologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain and Service de Rhumatologie, Clinique Universitaire Saint-Luc, Bruxelles, Belgium.Pôle de Rhumatologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain and Service de Rhumatologie, Clinique Universitaire Saint-Luc, Bruxelles, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
Chiche L, Jourde-Chiche N, Pascual V, Chaussabel D. Current perspectives on systems immunology approaches to rheumatic diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 65:1407-17. [PMID: 23450649 DOI: 10.1002/art.37909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
|
91
|
Rayavarapu S, Coley W, Kinder TB, Nagaraju K. Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: pathogenic mechanisms of muscle weakness. Skelet Muscle 2013; 3:13. [PMID: 23758833 PMCID: PMC3681571 DOI: 10.1186/2044-5040-3-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) are a heterogenous group of complex muscle diseases of unknown etiology. These diseases are characterized by progressive muscle weakness and damage, together with involvement of other organ systems. It is generally believed that the autoimmune response (autoreactive lymphocytes and autoantibodies) to skeletal muscle-derived antigens is responsible for the muscle fiber damage and muscle weakness in this group of disorders. Therefore, most of the current therapeutic strategies are directed at either suppressing or modifying immune cell activity. Recent studies have indicated that the underlying mechanisms that mediate muscle damage and dysfunction are multiple and complex. Emerging evidence indicates that not only autoimmune responses but also innate immune and non-immune metabolic pathways contribute to disease pathogenesis. However, the relative contributions of each of these mechanisms to disease pathogenesis are currently unknown. Here we discuss some of these complex pathways, their inter-relationships and their relation to muscle damage in myositis. Understanding the relative contributions of each of these pathways to disease pathogenesis would help us to identify suitable drug targets to alleviate muscle damage and also improve muscle weakness and quality of life for patients suffering from these debilitating muscle diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sree Rayavarapu
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Ave NW, Washington DC, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
92
|
Type 1 interferons inhibit myotube formation independently of upregulation of interferon-stimulated gene 15. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65362. [PMID: 23750257 PMCID: PMC3672209 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Type 1 interferon (IFN)-inducible genes and their inducible products are upregulated in dermatomyositis muscle. Of these, IFN-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) is one of the most upregulated, suggesting its possible involvement in the pathogenesis of this disease. To test this postulate, we developed a model of type 1 IFN mediated myotube toxicity and assessed whether or not downregulation of ISG15 expression prevents this toxicity. Methods Mouse myoblasts (C2C12 cell line) were cultured in the presence of type 1 or type 2 IFNs and ISG15 expression assessed by microarray analysis. The morphology of newly formed myotubes was assessed by measuring their length, diameter, and area on micrographs using imaging software. ISG15 expression was silenced through transfection with small interference RNA. Results Type 1 IFNs, especially IFN-beta, increased ISG15 expression in C2C12 cells and impaired myotube formation. Silencing of ISG15 resulted in knockdown of ISG15 protein, but without phenotypic rescue of myotube formation. Discussion IFN-beta affects myoblast differentiation ability and myotube morphology in vitro.These studies provide evidence that ISG15, which is highly upregulated in dermatomyositis muscle, does not appear to play a key role in IFN-beta-mediated C2C12 myoblast cell fusion.
Collapse
|
93
|
Higgs BW, Zhu W, Morehouse C, White WI, Brohawn P, Guo X, Rebelatto M, Le C, Amato A, Fiorentino D, Greenberg SA, Drappa J, Richman L, Greth W, Jallal B, Yao Y. A phase 1b clinical trial evaluating sifalimumab, an anti-IFN-α monoclonal antibody, shows target neutralisation of a type I IFN signature in blood of dermatomyositis and polymyositis patients. Ann Rheum Dis 2013; 73:256-62. [PMID: 23434567 PMCID: PMC3888620 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-202794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Objective To assess the pharmacodynamic effects of sifalimumab, an investigational anti-IFN-α monoclonal antibody, in the blood and muscle of adult dermatomyositis and polymyositis patients by measuring neutralisation of a type I IFN gene signature (IFNGS) following drug exposure. Methods A phase 1b randomised, double-blinded, placebo controlled, dose-escalation, multicentre clinical trial was conducted to evaluate sifalimumab in dermatomyositis or polymyositis patients. Blood and muscle biopsies were procured before and after sifalimumab administration. Selected proteins were measured in patient serum with a multiplex assay, in the muscle using immunohistochemistry, and transcripts were profiled with microarray and quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR assays. A 13-gene IFNGS was used to measure the pharmacological effect of sifalimumab. Results The IFNGS was suppressed by a median of 53–66% across three time points (days 28, 56 and 98) in blood (p=0.019) and 47% at day 98 in muscle specimens post-sifalimumab administration. Both IFN-inducible transcripts and proteins were prevalently suppressed following sifalimumab administration. Patients with 15% or greater improvement from baseline manual muscle testing scores showed greater neutralisation of the IFNGS than patients with less than 15% improvement in both blood and muscle. Pathway/functional analysis of transcripts suppressed by sifalimumab showed that leucocyte infiltration, antigen presentation and immunoglobulin categories were most suppressed by sifalimumab and highly correlated with IFNGS neutralisation in muscle. Conclusions Sifalimumab suppressed the IFNGS in blood and muscle tissue in myositis patients, consistent with this molecule's mechanism of action with a positive correlative trend between target neutralisation and clinical improvement. These observations will require confirmation in a larger trial powered to evaluate efficacy.
Collapse
|
94
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review the treatment advances of the inflammatory myopathies, a heterogeneous group of diseases that includes polymyositis, dermatomyositis, and inclusion body myositis. RECENT FINDINGS There are few clinical trials in myositis, making it difficult to provide clear recommendations on the treatment of these rare disorders. The current management for IIM includes the initial use of corticosteroids followed by various conventional second-line treatments such as methotrexate and azathioprine. Although these drugs have not been tested in rigorous randomized controlled trials, general expert consensus confirms their use. Intravenous immunoglobulin is a reasonable short-term treatment with proven benefit in one controlled trial, although the evidence for other immunosuppressive therapies has been derived mainly from uncontrolled studies. Cyclosporine or tacrolimus have shown efficacy in myositis including those patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD), whereas mycophenolate mofetil is effective in both polymyositis and refractory dermatomyosits (including recalcitrant rash) and ILD. Uncontrolled studies for rituximab are encouraging but results from the largest randomized controlled trial in myositis failed to meet the primary endpoint. Anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) agents have shown mixed results in small, randomized clinical trials with infliximab demonstrating no benefit and etanercept leading to encouraging results warranting further study. Some newer novel therapies such as ACTH analogues and tocilizumab require additional investigation. SUMMARY The balance of evidence suggests that traditional immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory drugs are certainly effective in polymyositis and dermatomyositis despite the lack of randomized controlled trials. Newer therapies are being studied but no major breakthroughs have been realized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Aggarwal
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
95
|
Ono M, Tanaka RJ, Kano M, Sugiman T. Visualising the cross-level relationships between pathological and physiological processes and gene expression: analyses of haematological diseases. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53544. [PMID: 23301083 PMCID: PMC3534650 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The understanding of pathological processes is based on the comparison between physiological and pathological conditions, and transcriptomic analysis has been extensively applied to various diseases for this purpose. However, the way in which the transcriptomic data of pathological cells relate to the transcriptomes of normal cellular counterparts has not been fully explored, and may provide new and unbiased insights into the mechanisms of these diseases. To achieve this, it is necessary to develop a method to simultaneously analyse components across different levels, namely genes, normal cells, and diseases. Here we propose a multidimensional method that visualises the cross-level relationships between these components at three different levels based on transcriptomic data of physiological and pathological processes, by adapting Canonical Correspondence Analysis, which was developed in ecology and sociology, to microarray data (CCA on Microarray data, CCAM). Using CCAM, we have analysed transcriptomes of haematological disorders and those of normal haematopoietic cell differentiation. First, by analysing leukaemia data, CCAM successfully visualised known relationships between leukaemia subtypes and cellular differentiation, and their characteristic genes, which confirmed the relevance of CCAM. Next, by analysing transcriptomes of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), we have shown that CCAM was effective in both generating and testing hypotheses. CCAM showed that among MDS patients, high-risk patients had transcriptomes that were more similar to those of both haematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitors (MEP) than low-risk patients, and provided a prognostic model. Collectively, CCAM reveals hidden relationships between pathological and physiological processes and gene expression, providing meaningful clinical insights into haematological diseases, and these could not be revealed by other univariate and multivariate methods. Furthermore, CCAM was effective in identifying candidate genes that are correlated with cellular phenotypes of interest. We expect that CCAM will benefit a wide range of medical fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Ono
- Immunobiology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
96
|
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by lymphocytic infiltration of the salivary and lachrymal glands resulting in dry eyes and mouth. Genetic predisposition, pathogenic infections and hormones have been implicated in the pathogenesis of the disease. Studies in the last several years have revealed marked over-expression of the type I interferon (IFN)-inducible genes in the peripheral blood and salivary glands of patients with Sjögren's syndrome. The expression of the type I IFN-inducible genes in Sjögren's syndrome also positively correlates to titers of anti-Ro and anti-La autoantibodies, which are typical for this disease. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) are the major source of type I IFN production and activated pDC are detected in minor salivary gland biopsies from patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome. In addition, polymorphisms in genes important both for the production and response to type I IFN are associated to increased risk for Sjögren's syndrome. Because type I IFN bears a variety of biological functions, such as defense against viral infections and activation of the immune system, these results suggest that the type I IFN system has an important role in the pathogenesis of Sjögren's syndrome. A variety of mechanisms causing an activation of the type I IFN system are discussed in this review. Given the pivotal role of type I IFN in the disease process, therapeutic interventions targeting the type I IFN signaling pathway have the potential to benefit the patients with elevated type I IFN status and such hypothesis needs to be carefully evaluated in clinical development.
Collapse
|
97
|
Zhu W, Streicher K, Shen N, Higgs BW, Morehouse C, Greenlees L, Amato AA, Ranade K, Richman L, Fiorentino D, Jallal B, Greenberg SA, Yao Y. Genomic signatures characterize leukocyte infiltration in myositis muscles. BMC Med Genomics 2012; 5:53. [PMID: 23171592 PMCID: PMC3541209 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8794-5-53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Leukocyte infiltration plays an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of myositis, and is highly associated with disease severity. Currently, there is a lack of: efficacious therapies for myositis; understanding of the molecular features important for disease pathogenesis; and potential molecular biomarkers for characterizing inflammatory myopathies to aid in clinical development. Methods In this study, we developed a simple model and predicted that 1) leukocyte-specific transcripts (including both protein-coding transcripts and microRNAs) should be coherently overexpressed in myositis muscle and 2) the level of over-expression of these transcripts should be correlated with leukocyte infiltration. We applied this model to assess immune cell infiltration in myositis by examining mRNA and microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles in muscle biopsies from 31 myositis patients and 5 normal controls. Results Several gene signatures, including a leukocyte index, type 1 interferon (IFN), MHC class I, and immunoglobulin signature, were developed to characterize myositis patients at the molecular level. The leukocyte index, consisting of genes predominantly associated with immune function, displayed strong concordance with pathological assessment of immune cell infiltration. This leukocyte index was subsequently utilized to differentiate transcriptional changes due to leukocyte infiltration from other alterations in myositis muscle. Results from this differentiation revealed biologically relevant differences in the relationship between the type 1 IFN pathway, miR-146a, and leukocyte infiltration within various myositis subtypes. Conclusions Results indicate that a likely interaction between miR-146a expression and the type 1 IFN pathway is confounded by the level of leukocyte infiltration into muscle tissue. Although the role of miR-146a in myositis remains uncertain, our results highlight the potential benefit of deconvoluting the source of transcriptional changes in myositis muscle or other heterogeneous tissue samples. Taken together, the leukocyte index and other gene signatures developed in this study may be potential molecular biomarkers to help to further characterize inflammatory myopathies and aid in clinical development. These hypotheses need to be confirmed in separate and sufficiently powered clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhu
- Translational Sciences, MedImmune, LLC, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
98
|
Abstract
The idiopathic inflammatory myopathies are a group of rare disorders including polymyositis (PM), dermatomyositis (DM), and autoimmune necrotizing myopathies (NMs). The idiopathic inflammatory myopathies share many similarities. They present acutely, subacutely, or chronically with marked proximal and symmetric muscle weakness, except for associated distal and asymmetric weakness in inclusion body myositis. The idiopathic inflammatory myopathies also share a variable degree of creatine kinase (CK) elevation and a nonspecifically abnormal electromyogram demonstrating an irritative myopathy. The muscle pathology demonstrates inflammatory exudates of variable distribution within the muscle fascicle. Despite these similarities, the idiopathic inflammatory myopathies are a heterogeneous group. The overlap syndrome (OS) refers to the association of PM, DM, or NM with connective tissue disease, such as scleroderma or systemic lupus erythematosus. In addition to elevated antinuclear antibodies (ANA), patients with OS may be weaker in the proximal arms than the legs mimicking the pattern seen in some muscular dystrophies. In this review, we focus on DM, PM, and NM and examine current and promising therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mazen M Dimachkie
- Department of Neurology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
99
|
Higgs BW, Zhu W, Richman L, Fiorentino DF, Greenberg SA, Jallal B, Yao Y. Identification of activated cytokine pathways in the blood of systemic lupus erythematosus, myositis, rheumatoid arthritis, and scleroderma patients. Int J Rheum Dis 2011; 15:25-35. [PMID: 22324944 DOI: 10.1111/j.1756-185x.2011.01654.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM To develop genomic signatures of seven cytokines involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatic diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), dermatomyositis (DM), polymyositis (PM), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), or systemic scleroderma (SSc) that could potentially help identify patients likely to respond to therapies that target these individual cytokines. METHODS Over-expressed transcripts in the whole blood (WB) were identified from 262 SLE, 44 DM, 33 PM, 38 SSc and 89 RA subjects and compared to 24 healthy subjects using Affymetrix arrays. Cytokine-inducible gene signatures such as type I interferon (IFN), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) were assessed in the WB of these subjects to identify subpopulations showing activation of specific cytokine pathways. RESULTS Significant activation of the type I IFN pathway in a population of five diseases studied was universally observed. The TNF-α and IL-1β pathways were activated in subgroups of PM and RA subjects, respectively, with another subgroup of RA subjects showing activation of the IL-13 pathway. The GM-CSF pathway was activated in a subgroup of SSc subjects and the IL-17 pathway was activated in subgroups of all diseases except SLE. CONCLUSIONS A novel gene expression measurement of activated cytokines in five different rheumatic diseases is presented. Characterizing the cytokine pathways most activated in specific patient subpopulations has the potential to help target the appropriate patient populations for corresponding anti-cytokine therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon W Higgs
- Translational Sciences, MedImmune, LLC, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|